hwcomposer.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#define LOG_TAG "hwcomposer-drm"

#include "drm_hwcomposer.h"
#include "drmresources.h"
#include "gl_compositor.h"
#include "importer.h"
#include "vsyncworker.h"

#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/resource.h>
#include <xf86drm.h>
#include <xf86drmMode.h>

#include <cutils/log.h>
#include <cutils/properties.h>
#include <hardware/hardware.h>
#include <hardware/hwcomposer.h>
#include <sw_sync.h>
#include <sync/sync.h>
#include <ui/GraphicBuffer.h>
#include <ui/PixelFormat.h>

#define UM_PER_INCH 25400
#define HWC_FB_BUFFERS 2

namespace android {

struct hwc_drm_display_framebuffer {
  hwc_drm_display_framebuffer() : release_fence_fd_(-1) {
  }

  ~hwc_drm_display_framebuffer() {
    if (release_fence_fd() >= 0)
      close(release_fence_fd());
  }

  bool is_valid() {
    return buffer_ != NULL;
  }

  sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer() {
    return buffer_;
  }

  int release_fence_fd() {
    return release_fence_fd_;
  }

  void set_release_fence_fd(int fd) {
    if (release_fence_fd_ >= 0)
      close(release_fence_fd_);
    release_fence_fd_ = fd;
  }

  bool Allocate(uint32_t w, uint32_t h) {
    if (is_valid()) {
      if (buffer_->getWidth() == w && buffer_->getHeight() == h)
        return true;

      if (release_fence_fd_ >= 0) {
        if (sync_wait(release_fence_fd_, -1) != 0) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      Clear();
    }
    buffer_ = new GraphicBuffer(w, h, android::PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888,
                                GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_FB | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER |
                                    GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_COMPOSER);
    release_fence_fd_ = -1;
    return is_valid();
  }

  void Clear() {
    if (!is_valid())
      return;

    if (release_fence_fd_ >= 0) {
      close(release_fence_fd_);
      release_fence_fd_ = -1;
    }

    buffer_.clear();
  }

  int WaitReleased(int timeout_milliseconds) {
    if (!is_valid())
      return 0;
    if (release_fence_fd_ < 0)
      return 0;

    int ret = sync_wait(release_fence_fd_, timeout_milliseconds);
    return ret;
  }

 private:
  sp<GraphicBuffer> buffer_;
  int release_fence_fd_;
};


typedef struct hwc_drm_display {
  struct hwc_context_t *ctx;
  int display;

  std::vector<uint32_t> config_ids;

  VSyncWorker vsync_worker;

  hwc_drm_display_framebuffer fb_chain[HWC_FB_BUFFERS];
  int fb_idx;
} hwc_drm_display_t;

struct hwc_context_t {
  // map of display:hwc_drm_display_t
  typedef std::map<int, hwc_drm_display_t> DisplayMap;
  typedef DisplayMap::iterator DisplayMapIter;

  hwc_context_t() : procs(NULL), importer(NULL) {
  }

  ~hwc_context_t() {
    delete importer;
  }

  hwc_composer_device_1_t device;
  hwc_procs_t const *procs;

  DisplayMap displays;
  DrmResources drm;
  Importer *importer;
  GLCompositor pre_compositor;
};

static void hwc_dump(struct hwc_composer_device_1* dev, char *buff,
                     int buff_len) {
  struct hwc_context_t *ctx = (struct hwc_context_t *)&dev->common;
  std::ostringstream out;

  ctx->drm.compositor()->Dump(&out);
  std::string out_str = out.str();
  strncpy(buff, out_str.c_str(), std::min((size_t)buff_len, out_str.length()));
}

static int hwc_prepare(hwc_composer_device_1_t *dev, size_t num_displays,
                       hwc_display_contents_1_t **display_contents) {
  struct hwc_context_t *ctx = (struct hwc_context_t *)&dev->common;
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)num_displays; ++i) {
    if (!display_contents[i])
      continue;

    DrmCrtc *crtc = ctx->drm.GetCrtcForDisplay(i);
    if (!crtc) {
      ALOGE("No crtc for display %d", i);
      return -ENODEV;
    }

    int num_layers = display_contents[i]->numHwLayers;
    for (int j = 0; j < num_layers; j++) {
      hwc_layer_1_t *layer = &display_contents[i]->hwLayers[j];

      if (crtc->requires_modeset()) {
        if (layer->compositionType == HWC_OVERLAY)
          layer->compositionType = HWC_FRAMEBUFFER;
      } else {
        if (layer->compositionType == HWC_FRAMEBUFFER)
          layer->compositionType = HWC_OVERLAY;
      }
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

static void hwc_set_cleanup(size_t num_displays,
                            hwc_display_contents_1_t **display_contents,
                            Composition *composition) {
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)num_displays; ++i) {
    if (!display_contents[i])
      continue;

    hwc_display_contents_1_t *dc = display_contents[i];
    for (size_t j = 0; j < dc->numHwLayers; ++j) {
      hwc_layer_1_t *layer = &dc->hwLayers[j];
      if (layer->acquireFenceFd >= 0) {
        close(layer->acquireFenceFd);
        layer->acquireFenceFd = -1;
      }
    }
    if (dc->outbufAcquireFenceFd >= 0) {
      close(dc->outbufAcquireFenceFd);
      dc->outbufAcquireFenceFd = -1;
    }
  }

  delete composition;
}

static int hwc_add_layer(int display, hwc_context_t *ctx, hwc_layer_1_t *layer,
                         Composition *composition) {
  hwc_drm_bo_t bo;
  int ret = ctx->importer->ImportBuffer(layer->handle, &bo);
  if (ret) {
    ALOGE("Failed to import handle to bo %d", ret);
    return ret;
  }

  ret = composition->AddLayer(display, layer, &bo);
  if (!ret)
    return 0;

  int destroy_ret = ctx->importer->ReleaseBuffer(&bo);
  if (destroy_ret)
    ALOGE("Failed to destroy buffer %d", destroy_ret);

  return ret;
}

static int hwc_set(hwc_composer_device_1_t *dev, size_t num_displays,
                   hwc_display_contents_1_t **display_contents) {
  struct hwc_context_t *ctx = (struct hwc_context_t *)&dev->common;
  Composition *composition =
      ctx->drm.compositor()->CreateComposition(ctx->importer);
  if (!composition) {
    ALOGE("Drm composition init failed");
    hwc_set_cleanup(num_displays, display_contents, NULL);
    return -EINVAL;
  }

  int ret;
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)num_displays; ++i) {
    if (!display_contents[i])
      continue;

    DrmCrtc *crtc = ctx->drm.GetCrtcForDisplay(i);
    if (!crtc) {
      ALOGE("No crtc for display %d", i);
      hwc_set_cleanup(num_displays, display_contents, composition);
      return -ENODEV;
    }
    bool use_target = false;
    if (crtc->requires_modeset()) {
      use_target = true;
    }

    hwc_display_contents_1_t *dc = display_contents[i];
    int j;
    unsigned num_layers = 0;
    unsigned num_dc_layers = dc->numHwLayers;
    for (j = 0; j < (int)num_dc_layers; ++j) {
      hwc_layer_1_t *layer = &dc->hwLayers[j];
      if (layer->flags & HWC_SKIP_LAYER)
        continue;
      if ((use_target && layer->compositionType == HWC_FRAMEBUFFER_TARGET) ||
          layer->compositionType == HWC_OVERLAY) {
        num_layers++;
      }
    }

    unsigned num_planes = composition->GetRemainingLayers(i, num_layers);
    bool use_pre_compositor = false;

    if (!use_target && num_layers > num_planes) {
      use_pre_compositor = true;
      // Reserve one of the planes for the result of the pre compositor.
      num_planes--;
    }

    for (j = 0; num_planes && j < (int)num_dc_layers; ++j) {
      hwc_layer_1_t *layer = &dc->hwLayers[j];
      if (layer->flags & HWC_SKIP_LAYER)
        continue;
      if (use_target) {
        if (layer->compositionType != HWC_FRAMEBUFFER_TARGET)
          continue;
      } else {
        if (layer->compositionType != HWC_OVERLAY)
          continue;
      }

      ret = hwc_add_layer(i, ctx, layer, composition);
      if (ret) {
        ALOGE("Add layer failed %d", ret);
        hwc_set_cleanup(num_displays, display_contents, composition);
        return ret;
      }
      --num_planes;
    }

    int last_comp_layer = j;

    if (use_pre_compositor) {
      hwc_drm_display_t *hd = &ctx->displays[i];
      struct hwc_drm_display_framebuffer *fb = &hd->fb_chain[hd->fb_idx];
      ret = fb->WaitReleased(-1);
      if (ret) {
        ALOGE("Failed to wait for framebuffer %d", ret);
        hwc_set_cleanup(num_displays, display_contents, composition);
        return ret;
      }

      DrmConnector *connector = ctx->drm.GetConnectorForDisplay(i);
      if (!connector) {
        ALOGE("No connector for display %d", i);
        hwc_set_cleanup(num_displays, display_contents, composition);
        return -ENODEV;
      }

      const DrmMode &mode = connector->active_mode();
      if (!fb->Allocate(mode.h_display(), mode.v_display())) {
        ALOGE("Failed to allocate framebuffer with size %dx%d",
              mode.h_display(), mode.v_display());
        hwc_set_cleanup(num_displays, display_contents, composition);
        return -EINVAL;
      }

      sp<GraphicBuffer> fb_buffer = fb->buffer();
      if (fb_buffer == NULL) {
        ALOGE("Framebuffer is NULL");
        hwc_set_cleanup(num_displays, display_contents, composition);
        return -EINVAL;
      }

      Targeting *targeting = ctx->pre_compositor.targeting();
      if (targeting == NULL) {
        ALOGE("Pre-compositor does not support targeting");
        hwc_set_cleanup(num_displays, display_contents, composition);
        return -EINVAL;
      }

      int target = targeting->CreateTarget(fb_buffer);
      targeting->SetTarget(target);

      Composition *pre_composition = ctx->pre_compositor.CreateComposition(ctx->importer);
      if (pre_composition == NULL) {
        ALOGE("Failed to create pre-composition");
        targeting->ForgetTarget(target);
        hwc_set_cleanup(num_displays, display_contents, composition);
        return -EINVAL;
      }

      for (j = last_comp_layer; j < (int)num_dc_layers; ++j) {
        hwc_layer_1_t *layer = &dc->hwLayers[j];
        if (layer->flags & HWC_SKIP_LAYER)
          continue;
        if (layer->compositionType != HWC_OVERLAY)
          continue;
        ret = hwc_add_layer(i, ctx, layer, pre_composition);
        if (ret) {
          ALOGE("Add layer failed %d", ret);
          delete pre_composition;
          targeting->ForgetTarget(target);
          hwc_set_cleanup(num_displays, display_contents, composition);
          return ret;
        }
      }

      ret = ctx->pre_compositor.QueueComposition(pre_composition);
      pre_composition = NULL;

      targeting->ForgetTarget(target);
      if (ret < 0 && ret != -EALREADY) {
        ALOGE("Pre-composition failed %d", ret);
        hwc_set_cleanup(num_displays, display_contents, composition);
        return ret;
      }

      for (j = last_comp_layer; j < (int)num_dc_layers; ++j) {
        hwc_layer_1_t *layer = &dc->hwLayers[j];
        if (layer->flags & HWC_SKIP_LAYER)
          continue;
        if (layer->compositionType != HWC_OVERLAY)
          continue;
        layer->acquireFenceFd = -1;
      }

      hwc_layer_1_t composite_layer;
      hwc_rect_t visible_rect;
      memset(&composite_layer, 0, sizeof(composite_layer));
      memset(&visible_rect, 0, sizeof(visible_rect));

      composite_layer.compositionType = HWC_OVERLAY;
      composite_layer.handle = fb_buffer->getNativeBuffer()->handle;
      composite_layer.sourceCropf.right = composite_layer.displayFrame.right =
          visible_rect.right = fb_buffer->getWidth();
      composite_layer.sourceCropf.bottom = composite_layer.displayFrame.bottom =
          visible_rect.bottom = fb_buffer->getHeight();
      composite_layer.visibleRegionScreen.numRects = 1;
      composite_layer.visibleRegionScreen.rects = &visible_rect;
      composite_layer.acquireFenceFd = ret == -EALREADY ? -1 : ret;
      // A known invalid fd in case AddLayer does not modify this field.
      composite_layer.releaseFenceFd = -1;
      composite_layer.planeAlpha = 0xff;

      ret = hwc_add_layer(i, ctx, &composite_layer, composition);
      if (ret) {
        ALOGE("Add layer failed %d", ret);
        hwc_set_cleanup(num_displays, display_contents, composition);
        return ret;
      }

      fb->set_release_fence_fd(composite_layer.releaseFenceFd);
      hd->fb_idx = (hd->fb_idx + 1) % HWC_FB_BUFFERS;
    }
  }

  ret = ctx->drm.compositor()->QueueComposition(composition);
  if (ret) {
    ALOGE("Failed to queue the composition");
    hwc_set_cleanup(num_displays, display_contents, composition);
    return ret;
  }
  hwc_set_cleanup(num_displays, display_contents, NULL);
  return ret;
}

static int hwc_event_control(struct hwc_composer_device_1 *dev, int display,
                             int event, int enabled) {
  if (event != HWC_EVENT_VSYNC || (enabled != 0 && enabled != 1))
    return -EINVAL;

  struct hwc_context_t *ctx = (struct hwc_context_t *)&dev->common;
  hwc_drm_display_t *hd = &ctx->displays[display];
  return hd->vsync_worker.VSyncControl(enabled);
}

static int hwc_set_power_mode(struct hwc_composer_device_1 *dev, int display,
                              int mode) {
  struct hwc_context_t *ctx = (struct hwc_context_t *)&dev->common;

  uint64_t dpmsValue = 0;
  switch (mode) {
    case HWC_POWER_MODE_OFF:
      dpmsValue = DRM_MODE_DPMS_OFF;
      break;

    /* We can't support dozing right now, so go full on */
    case HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE:
    case HWC_POWER_MODE_DOZE_SUSPEND:
    case HWC_POWER_MODE_NORMAL:
      dpmsValue = DRM_MODE_DPMS_ON;
      break;
  };
  return ctx->drm.SetDpmsMode(display, dpmsValue);
}

static int hwc_query(struct hwc_composer_device_1 * /* dev */, int what,
                     int *value) {
  switch (what) {
    case HWC_BACKGROUND_LAYER_SUPPORTED:
      *value = 0; /* TODO: We should do this */
      break;
    case HWC_VSYNC_PERIOD:
      ALOGW("Query for deprecated vsync value, returning 60Hz");
      *value = 1000 * 1000 * 1000 / 60;
      break;
    case HWC_DISPLAY_TYPES_SUPPORTED:
      *value = HWC_DISPLAY_PRIMARY | HWC_DISPLAY_EXTERNAL;
      break;
  }
  return 0;
}

static void hwc_register_procs(struct hwc_composer_device_1 *dev,
                               hwc_procs_t const *procs) {
  struct hwc_context_t *ctx = (struct hwc_context_t *)&dev->common;

  ctx->procs = procs;

  for (hwc_context_t::DisplayMapIter iter = ctx->displays.begin();
       iter != ctx->displays.end(); ++iter) {
    iter->second.vsync_worker.SetProcs(procs);
  }
}

static int hwc_get_display_configs(struct hwc_composer_device_1 *dev,
                                   int display, uint32_t *configs,
                                   size_t *num_configs) {
  if (!*num_configs)
    return 0;

  struct hwc_context_t *ctx = (struct hwc_context_t *)&dev->common;
  hwc_drm_display_t *hd = &ctx->displays[display];
  hd->config_ids.clear();

  DrmConnector *connector = ctx->drm.GetConnectorForDisplay(display);
  if (!connector) {
    ALOGE("Failed to get connector for display %d", display);
    return -ENODEV;
  }

  int ret = connector->UpdateModes();
  if (ret) {
    ALOGE("Failed to update display modes %d", ret);
    return ret;
  }

  for (DrmConnector::ModeIter iter = connector->begin_modes();
       iter != connector->end_modes(); ++iter) {
    size_t idx = hd->config_ids.size();
    if (idx == *num_configs)
      break;
    hd->config_ids.push_back(iter->id());
    configs[idx] = iter->id();
  }
  *num_configs = hd->config_ids.size();
  return *num_configs == 0 ? -1 : 0;
}

static int hwc_get_display_attributes(struct hwc_composer_device_1 *dev,
                                      int display, uint32_t config,
                                      const uint32_t *attributes,
                                      int32_t *values) {
  struct hwc_context_t *ctx = (struct hwc_context_t *)&dev->common;
  DrmConnector *c = ctx->drm.GetConnectorForDisplay(display);
  if (!c) {
    ALOGE("Failed to get DrmConnector for display %d", display);
    return -ENODEV;
  }
  DrmMode mode;
  for (DrmConnector::ModeIter iter = c->begin_modes(); iter != c->end_modes();
       ++iter) {
    if (iter->id() == config) {
      mode = *iter;
      break;
    }
  }
  if (mode.id() == 0) {
    ALOGE("Failed to find active mode for display %d", display);
    return -ENOENT;
  }

  uint32_t mm_width = c->mm_width();
  uint32_t mm_height = c->mm_height();
  for (int i = 0; attributes[i] != HWC_DISPLAY_NO_ATTRIBUTE; ++i) {
    switch (attributes[i]) {
      case HWC_DISPLAY_VSYNC_PERIOD:
        values[i] = 1000 * 1000 * 1000 / mode.v_refresh();
        break;
      case HWC_DISPLAY_WIDTH:
        values[i] = mode.h_display();
        break;
      case HWC_DISPLAY_HEIGHT:
        values[i] = mode.v_display();
        break;
      case HWC_DISPLAY_DPI_X:
        /* Dots per 1000 inches */
        values[i] = mm_width ? (mode.h_display() * UM_PER_INCH) / mm_width : 0;
        break;
      case HWC_DISPLAY_DPI_Y:
        /* Dots per 1000 inches */
        values[i] =
            mm_height ? (mode.v_display() * UM_PER_INCH) / mm_height : 0;
        break;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

static int hwc_get_active_config(struct hwc_composer_device_1 *dev,
                                 int display) {
  struct hwc_context_t *ctx = (struct hwc_context_t *)&dev->common;
  DrmConnector *c = ctx->drm.GetConnectorForDisplay(display);
  if (!c) {
    ALOGE("Failed to get DrmConnector for display %d", display);
    return -ENODEV;
  }

  DrmMode mode = c->active_mode();
  hwc_drm_display_t *hd = &ctx->displays[display];
  for (size_t i = 0; i < hd->config_ids.size(); ++i) {
    if (hd->config_ids[i] == mode.id())
      return i;
  }
  return -1;
}

static int hwc_set_active_config(struct hwc_composer_device_1 *dev, int display,
                                 int index) {
  struct hwc_context_t *ctx = (struct hwc_context_t *)&dev->common;
  hwc_drm_display_t *hd = &ctx->displays[display];
  if (index >= (int)hd->config_ids.size()) {
    ALOGE("Invalid config index %d passed in", index);
    return -EINVAL;
  }

  int ret = ctx->drm.SetDisplayActiveMode(display, hd->config_ids[index]);
  if (ret) {
    ALOGE("Failed to set config for display %d", display);
    return ret;
  }

  return ret;
}

static int hwc_device_close(struct hw_device_t *dev) {
  struct hwc_context_t *ctx = (struct hwc_context_t *)dev;
  delete ctx;
  return 0;
}

/*
 * TODO: This function sets the active config to the first one in the list. This
 * should be fixed such that it selects the preferred mode for the display, or
 * some other, saner, method of choosing the config.
 */
static int hwc_set_initial_config(hwc_drm_display_t *hd) {
  uint32_t config;
  size_t num_configs = 1;
  int ret = hwc_get_display_configs(&hd->ctx->device, hd->display, &config,
                                    &num_configs);
  if (ret || !num_configs)
    return 0;

  ret = hwc_set_active_config(&hd->ctx->device, hd->display, 0);
  if (ret) {
    ALOGE("Failed to set active config d=%d ret=%d", hd->display, ret);
    return ret;
  }

  return ret;
}

static int hwc_initialize_display(struct hwc_context_t *ctx, int display) {
  hwc_drm_display_t *hd = &ctx->displays[display];
  hd->ctx = ctx;
  hd->display = display;
  hd->fb_idx = 0;

  int ret = hwc_set_initial_config(hd);
  if (ret) {
    ALOGE("Failed to set initial config for d=%d ret=%d", display, ret);
    return ret;
  }

  ret = hd->vsync_worker.Init(&ctx->drm, display);
  if (ret) {
    ALOGE("Failed to create event worker for display %d %d\n", display, ret);
    return ret;
  }

  return 0;
}

static int hwc_enumerate_displays(struct hwc_context_t *ctx) {
  int ret;
  for (DrmResources::ConnectorIter c = ctx->drm.begin_connectors();
       c != ctx->drm.end_connectors(); ++c) {
    ret = hwc_initialize_display(ctx, (*c)->display());
    if (ret) {
      ALOGE("Failed to initialize display %d", (*c)->display());
      return ret;
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

static int hwc_device_open(const struct hw_module_t *module, const char *name,
                           struct hw_device_t **dev) {
  if (strcmp(name, HWC_HARDWARE_COMPOSER)) {
    ALOGE("Invalid module name- %s", name);
    return -EINVAL;
  }

  struct hwc_context_t *ctx = new hwc_context_t();
  if (!ctx) {
    ALOGE("Failed to allocate hwc context");
    return -ENOMEM;
  }

  int ret = ctx->drm.Init();
  if (ret) {
    ALOGE("Can't initialize Drm object %d", ret);
    delete ctx;
    return ret;
  }

  ret = ctx->pre_compositor.Init();
  if (ret) {
    ALOGE("Can't initialize OpenGL Compositor object %d", ret);
    delete ctx;
    return ret;
  }

  ctx->importer = Importer::CreateInstance(&ctx->drm);
  if (!ctx->importer) {
    ALOGE("Failed to create importer instance");
    delete ctx;
    return ret;
  }

  ret = hwc_enumerate_displays(ctx);
  if (ret) {
    ALOGE("Failed to enumerate displays: %s", strerror(ret));
    delete ctx;
    return ret;
  }

  ctx->device.common.tag = HARDWARE_DEVICE_TAG;
  ctx->device.common.version = HWC_DEVICE_API_VERSION_1_4;
  ctx->device.common.module = const_cast<hw_module_t *>(module);
  ctx->device.common.close = hwc_device_close;

  ctx->device.dump = hwc_dump;
  ctx->device.prepare = hwc_prepare;
  ctx->device.set = hwc_set;
  ctx->device.eventControl = hwc_event_control;
  ctx->device.setPowerMode = hwc_set_power_mode;
  ctx->device.query = hwc_query;
  ctx->device.registerProcs = hwc_register_procs;
  ctx->device.getDisplayConfigs = hwc_get_display_configs;
  ctx->device.getDisplayAttributes = hwc_get_display_attributes;
  ctx->device.getActiveConfig = hwc_get_active_config;
  ctx->device.setActiveConfig = hwc_set_active_config;
  ctx->device.setCursorPositionAsync = NULL; /* TODO: Add cursor */

  *dev = &ctx->device.common;

  return 0;
}
}

static struct hw_module_methods_t hwc_module_methods = {
  open : android::hwc_device_open
};

hwc_module_t HAL_MODULE_INFO_SYM = {
  common : {
    tag : HARDWARE_MODULE_TAG,
    version_major : 1,
    version_minor : 0,
    id : HWC_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,
    name : "DRM hwcomposer module",
    author : "The Android Open Source Project",
    methods : &hwc_module_methods,
    dso : NULL,
    reserved : {0},
  }
};