libs/hwui/renderthread/VulkanManager.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#include "VulkanManager.h"

#include <EGL/egl.h>
#include <EGL/eglext.h>
#include <android/sync.h>
#include <gui/TraceUtils.h>
#include <include/gpu/ganesh/GrBackendSemaphore.h>
#include <include/gpu/ganesh/GrBackendSurface.h>
#include <include/gpu/ganesh/GrDirectContext.h>
#include <include/gpu/ganesh/GrTypes.h>
#include <include/gpu/ganesh/SkSurfaceGanesh.h>
#include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkBackendSemaphore.h>
#include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkBackendSurface.h>
#include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkDirectContext.h>
#include <include/gpu/ganesh/vk/GrVkTypes.h>
#include <include/gpu/vk/VulkanBackendContext.h>
#include <ui/FatVector.h>

#include <sstream>

#include "Properties.h"
#include "RenderThread.h"
#include "pipeline/skia/ShaderCache.h"
#include "renderstate/RenderState.h"

namespace android {
namespace uirenderer {
namespace renderthread {

// Not all of these are strictly required, but are all enabled if present.
static std::array<std::string_view, 23> sEnableExtensions{
        VK_KHR_BIND_MEMORY_2_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_KHR_DEDICATED_ALLOCATION_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_KHR_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_CAPABILITIES_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_KHR_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_KHR_GET_MEMORY_REQUIREMENTS_2_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_KHR_GET_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_PROPERTIES_2_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_KHR_MAINTENANCE1_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_KHR_MAINTENANCE2_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_KHR_MAINTENANCE3_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_KHR_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_EXT_BLEND_OPERATION_ADVANCED_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_KHR_IMAGE_FORMAT_LIST_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_EXT_IMAGE_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_ANDROID_EXTERNAL_MEMORY_ANDROID_HARDWARE_BUFFER_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_EXT_QUEUE_FAMILY_FOREIGN_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_KHR_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FD_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_KHR_ANDROID_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_EXT_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_EXT_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_QUERY_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_KHR_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_EXTENSION_NAME,
        VK_EXT_DEVICE_FAULT_EXTENSION_NAME,
};

static bool shouldEnableExtension(const std::string_view& extension) {
    for (const auto& it : sEnableExtensions) {
        if (it == extension) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

static void free_features_extensions_structs(const VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2& features) {
    // All Vulkan structs that could be part of the features chain will start with the
    // structure type followed by the pNext pointer. We cast to the CommonVulkanHeader
    // so we can get access to the pNext for the next struct.
    struct CommonVulkanHeader {
        VkStructureType sType;
        void* pNext;
    };

    void* pNext = features.pNext;
    while (pNext) {
        void* current = pNext;
        pNext = static_cast<CommonVulkanHeader*>(current)->pNext;
        free(current);
    }
}

#define GET_PROC(F) m##F = (PFN_vk##F)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(VK_NULL_HANDLE, "vk" #F)
#define GET_INST_PROC(F) m##F = (PFN_vk##F)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(mInstance, "vk" #F)
#define GET_DEV_PROC(F) m##F = (PFN_vk##F)vkGetDeviceProcAddr(mDevice, "vk" #F)

// cache a weakptr to the context to enable a second thread to share the same vulkan state
static wp<VulkanManager> sWeakInstance = nullptr;
static std::mutex sLock;

sp<VulkanManager> VulkanManager::getInstance() {
    std::lock_guard _lock{sLock};
    sp<VulkanManager> vulkanManager = sWeakInstance.promote();
    if (!vulkanManager.get()) {
        vulkanManager = new VulkanManager();
        sWeakInstance = vulkanManager;
    }

    return vulkanManager;
}

sp<VulkanManager> VulkanManager::peekInstance() {
    std::lock_guard _lock{sLock};
    return sWeakInstance.promote();
}

VulkanManager::~VulkanManager() {
    if (mDevice != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
        mDeviceWaitIdle(mDevice);
        mDestroyDevice(mDevice, nullptr);
    }

    if (mInstance != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
        mDestroyInstance(mInstance, nullptr);
    }

    mGraphicsQueue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    mAHBUploadQueue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    mDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    mPhysicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    mInstance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    mInstanceExtensionsOwner.clear();
    mInstanceExtensions.clear();
    mDeviceExtensionsOwner.clear();
    mDeviceExtensions.clear();
    free_features_extensions_structs(mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2);
    mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2 = {};
}

void VulkanManager::setupDevice(skgpu::VulkanExtensions& grExtensions,
                                VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2& features) {
    VkResult err;

    constexpr VkApplicationInfo app_info = {
            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO,  // sType
            nullptr,                             // pNext
            "android framework",                 // pApplicationName
            0,                                   // applicationVersion
            "android framework",                 // pEngineName
            0,                                   // engineVerison
            mAPIVersion,                         // apiVersion
    };

    {
        GET_PROC(EnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties);

        uint32_t extensionCount = 0;
        err = mEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr);
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(VK_SUCCESS != err);
        mInstanceExtensionsOwner.resize(extensionCount);
        err = mEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(nullptr, &extensionCount,
                                                    mInstanceExtensionsOwner.data());
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(VK_SUCCESS != err);
        bool hasKHRSurfaceExtension = false;
        bool hasKHRAndroidSurfaceExtension = false;
        for (const VkExtensionProperties& extension : mInstanceExtensionsOwner) {
            if (!shouldEnableExtension(extension.extensionName)) {
                ALOGV("Not enabling instance extension %s", extension.extensionName);
                continue;
            }
            ALOGV("Enabling instance extension %s", extension.extensionName);
            mInstanceExtensions.push_back(extension.extensionName);
            if (!strcmp(extension.extensionName, VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
                hasKHRSurfaceExtension = true;
            }
            if (!strcmp(extension.extensionName, VK_KHR_ANDROID_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
                hasKHRAndroidSurfaceExtension = true;
            }
        }
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!hasKHRSurfaceExtension || !hasKHRAndroidSurfaceExtension);
    }

    const VkInstanceCreateInfo instance_create = {
            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,  // sType
            nullptr,                                 // pNext
            0,                                       // flags
            &app_info,                               // pApplicationInfo
            0,                                       // enabledLayerNameCount
            nullptr,                                 // ppEnabledLayerNames
            (uint32_t)mInstanceExtensions.size(),    // enabledExtensionNameCount
            mInstanceExtensions.data(),              // ppEnabledExtensionNames
    };

    GET_PROC(CreateInstance);
    err = mCreateInstance(&instance_create, nullptr, &mInstance);
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(err < 0);

    GET_INST_PROC(CreateDevice);
    GET_INST_PROC(DestroyInstance);
    GET_INST_PROC(EnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties);
    GET_INST_PROC(EnumeratePhysicalDevices);
    GET_INST_PROC(GetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2);
    GET_INST_PROC(GetPhysicalDeviceImageFormatProperties2);
    GET_INST_PROC(GetPhysicalDeviceProperties);
    GET_INST_PROC(GetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2);

    uint32_t gpuCount;
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mEnumeratePhysicalDevices(mInstance, &gpuCount, nullptr));
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!gpuCount);
    // Just returning the first physical device instead of getting the whole array. Since there
    // should only be one device on android.
    gpuCount = 1;
    err = mEnumeratePhysicalDevices(mInstance, &gpuCount, &mPhysicalDevice);
    // VK_INCOMPLETE is returned when the count we provide is less than the total device count.
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(err && VK_INCOMPLETE != err);

    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties physDeviceProperties;
    mGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(mPhysicalDevice, &physDeviceProperties);
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(physDeviceProperties.apiVersion < VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0));
    mDriverVersion = physDeviceProperties.driverVersion;

    // query to get the initial queue props size
    uint32_t queueCount = 0;
    mGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2(mPhysicalDevice, &queueCount, nullptr);
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!queueCount);

    // now get the actual queue props
    std::unique_ptr<VkQueueFamilyProperties2[]>
            queueProps(new VkQueueFamilyProperties2[queueCount]);
    // query the global priority, this ignored if VK_EXT_global_priority isn't supported
    std::vector<VkQueueFamilyGlobalPriorityPropertiesEXT> queuePriorityProps(queueCount);
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queueCount; i++) {
        queuePriorityProps[i].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_QUEUE_FAMILY_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_PROPERTIES_EXT;
        queuePriorityProps[i].pNext = nullptr;
        queueProps[i].pNext = &queuePriorityProps[i];
    }
    mGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties2(mPhysicalDevice, &queueCount, queueProps.get());

    constexpr auto kRequestedQueueCount = 2;

    // iterate to find the graphics queue
    mGraphicsQueueIndex = queueCount;
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queueCount; i++) {
        if (queueProps[i].queueFamilyProperties.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
            mGraphicsQueueIndex = i;
            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
                    queueProps[i].queueFamilyProperties.queueCount < kRequestedQueueCount);
            break;
        }
    }
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mGraphicsQueueIndex == queueCount);

    {
        uint32_t extensionCount = 0;
        err = mEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(mPhysicalDevice, nullptr, &extensionCount,
                                                  nullptr);
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(VK_SUCCESS != err);
        mDeviceExtensionsOwner.resize(extensionCount);
        err = mEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(mPhysicalDevice, nullptr, &extensionCount,
                                                  mDeviceExtensionsOwner.data());
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(VK_SUCCESS != err);
        bool hasKHRSwapchainExtension = false;
        for (const VkExtensionProperties& extension : mDeviceExtensionsOwner) {
            if (!shouldEnableExtension(extension.extensionName)) {
                ALOGV("Not enabling device extension %s", extension.extensionName);
                continue;
            }
            ALOGV("Enabling device extension %s", extension.extensionName);
            mDeviceExtensions.push_back(extension.extensionName);
            if (!strcmp(extension.extensionName, VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME)) {
                hasKHRSwapchainExtension = true;
            }
        }
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!hasKHRSwapchainExtension);
    }

    auto getProc = [](const char* proc_name, VkInstance instance, VkDevice device) {
        if (device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
            return vkGetDeviceProcAddr(device, proc_name);
        }
        return vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, proc_name);
    };

    grExtensions.init(getProc, mInstance, mPhysicalDevice, mInstanceExtensions.size(),
                      mInstanceExtensions.data(), mDeviceExtensions.size(),
                      mDeviceExtensions.data());

    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!grExtensions.hasExtension(VK_KHR_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_FD_EXTENSION_NAME, 1));

    memset(&features, 0, sizeof(VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures2));
    features.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FEATURES_2;
    features.pNext = nullptr;

    // Setup all extension feature structs we may want to use.
    void** tailPNext = &features.pNext;

    if (grExtensions.hasExtension(VK_EXT_BLEND_OPERATION_ADVANCED_EXTENSION_NAME, 2)) {
        VkPhysicalDeviceBlendOperationAdvancedFeaturesEXT* blend;
        blend = (VkPhysicalDeviceBlendOperationAdvancedFeaturesEXT*)malloc(
                sizeof(VkPhysicalDeviceBlendOperationAdvancedFeaturesEXT));
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!blend);
        blend->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_BLEND_OPERATION_ADVANCED_FEATURES_EXT;
        blend->pNext = nullptr;
        *tailPNext = blend;
        tailPNext = &blend->pNext;
    }

    VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures* ycbcrFeature;
    ycbcrFeature = (VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures*)malloc(
            sizeof(VkPhysicalDeviceSamplerYcbcrConversionFeatures));
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!ycbcrFeature);
    ycbcrFeature->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_SAMPLER_YCBCR_CONVERSION_FEATURES;
    ycbcrFeature->pNext = nullptr;
    *tailPNext = ycbcrFeature;
    tailPNext = &ycbcrFeature->pNext;

    if (grExtensions.hasExtension(VK_EXT_DEVICE_FAULT_EXTENSION_NAME, 1)) {
        VkPhysicalDeviceFaultFeaturesEXT* deviceFaultFeatures =
                new VkPhysicalDeviceFaultFeaturesEXT;
        deviceFaultFeatures->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_FAULT_FEATURES_EXT;
        deviceFaultFeatures->pNext = nullptr;
        *tailPNext = deviceFaultFeatures;
        tailPNext = &deviceFaultFeatures->pNext;
    }

    if (grExtensions.hasExtension(VK_EXT_RGBA10X6_FORMATS_EXTENSION_NAME, 1)) {
        VkPhysicalDeviceRGBA10X6FormatsFeaturesEXT* formatFeatures =
                new VkPhysicalDeviceRGBA10X6FormatsFeaturesEXT;
        formatFeatures->sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_RGBA10X6_FORMATS_FEATURES_EXT;
        formatFeatures->pNext = nullptr;
        *tailPNext = formatFeatures;
        tailPNext = &formatFeatures->pNext;
    }

    VkPhysicalDeviceGlobalPriorityQueryFeaturesEXT* globalPriorityQueryFeatures =
            new VkPhysicalDeviceGlobalPriorityQueryFeaturesEXT;
    globalPriorityQueryFeatures->sType =
            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_QUERY_FEATURES_EXT;
    globalPriorityQueryFeatures->pNext = nullptr;
    globalPriorityQueryFeatures->globalPriorityQuery = false;
    *tailPNext = globalPriorityQueryFeatures;
    tailPNext = &globalPriorityQueryFeatures->pNext;

    // query to get the physical device features
    mGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures2(mPhysicalDevice, &features);
    // this looks like it would slow things down,
    // and we can't depend on it on all platforms
    features.features.robustBufferAccess = VK_FALSE;

    float queuePriorities[kRequestedQueueCount] = {0.0};

    void* queueNextPtr = nullptr;

    VkDeviceQueueGlobalPriorityCreateInfoEXT queuePriorityCreateInfo;

    if (Properties::contextPriority != 0 &&
        grExtensions.hasExtension(VK_EXT_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_EXTENSION_NAME, 2)) {
        VkQueueGlobalPriorityEXT globalPriority;
        switch (Properties::contextPriority) {
            case EGL_CONTEXT_PRIORITY_LOW_IMG:
                globalPriority = VK_QUEUE_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_LOW_EXT;
                break;
            case EGL_CONTEXT_PRIORITY_MEDIUM_IMG:
                globalPriority = VK_QUEUE_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_MEDIUM_EXT;
                break;
            case EGL_CONTEXT_PRIORITY_HIGH_IMG:
                globalPriority = VK_QUEUE_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_HIGH_EXT;
                break;
            default:
                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Unsupported context priority");
        }

        // check if the requested priority is reported by the query
        bool attachGlobalPriority = false;
        if (uirenderer::Properties::queryGlobalPriority &&
            globalPriorityQueryFeatures->globalPriorityQuery) {
            for (uint32_t i = 0; i < queuePriorityProps[mGraphicsQueueIndex].priorityCount; i++) {
                if (queuePriorityProps[mGraphicsQueueIndex].priorities[i] == globalPriority) {
                    attachGlobalPriority = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
        } else {
            // Querying is not supported so attempt queue creation with requested priority anyways
            // If the priority turns out not to be supported, the driver *may* fail with
            // VK_ERROR_NOT_PERMITTED_KHR
            attachGlobalPriority = true;
        }

        if (attachGlobalPriority) {
            memset(&queuePriorityCreateInfo, 0, sizeof(VkDeviceQueueGlobalPriorityCreateInfoEXT));
            queuePriorityCreateInfo.sType =
                    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_GLOBAL_PRIORITY_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
            queuePriorityCreateInfo.pNext = nullptr;
            queuePriorityCreateInfo.globalPriority = globalPriority;
            queueNextPtr = &queuePriorityCreateInfo;
        } else {
            // If globalPriorityQuery is enabled, attempting queue creation with an unsupported
            // priority will return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED.
            //
            // SysUI and Launcher will request HIGH when SF has RT but it is a known issue that
            // upstream drm drivers currently lack a way to grant them the granular privileges
            // they need for HIGH (but not RT) so they will fail queue creation.
            // For now, drop the unsupported global priority request so that queue creation
            // succeeds.
            //
            // Once that is fixed, this should probably be a fatal error indicating an improper
            // request or an app needs to get the correct privileges.
            ALOGW("Requested context priority is not supported by the queue");
        }
    }

    const VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueInfo = {
            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,  // sType
            queueNextPtr,                                // pNext
            0,                                           // VkDeviceQueueCreateFlags
            mGraphicsQueueIndex,                         // queueFamilyIndex
            kRequestedQueueCount,                        // queueCount
            queuePriorities,                             // pQueuePriorities
    };

    const VkDeviceCreateInfo deviceInfo = {
            VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,  // sType
            &features,                             // pNext
            0,                                     // VkDeviceCreateFlags
            1,                                     // queueCreateInfoCount
            &queueInfo,                            // pQueueCreateInfos
            0,                                     // layerCount
            nullptr,                               // ppEnabledLayerNames
            (uint32_t)mDeviceExtensions.size(),    // extensionCount
            mDeviceExtensions.data(),              // ppEnabledExtensionNames
            nullptr,                               // ppEnabledFeatures
    };

    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mCreateDevice(mPhysicalDevice, &deviceInfo, nullptr, &mDevice));

    GET_DEV_PROC(AllocateCommandBuffers);
    GET_DEV_PROC(BeginCommandBuffer);
    GET_DEV_PROC(CmdPipelineBarrier);
    GET_DEV_PROC(CreateCommandPool);
    GET_DEV_PROC(CreateFence);
    GET_DEV_PROC(CreateSemaphore);
    GET_DEV_PROC(DestroyCommandPool);
    GET_DEV_PROC(DestroyDevice);
    GET_DEV_PROC(DestroyFence);
    GET_DEV_PROC(DestroySemaphore);
    GET_DEV_PROC(DeviceWaitIdle);
    GET_DEV_PROC(EndCommandBuffer);
    GET_DEV_PROC(FreeCommandBuffers);
    GET_DEV_PROC(GetDeviceQueue);
    GET_DEV_PROC(GetSemaphoreFdKHR);
    GET_DEV_PROC(ImportSemaphoreFdKHR);
    GET_DEV_PROC(QueueSubmit);
    GET_DEV_PROC(QueueWaitIdle);
    GET_DEV_PROC(ResetCommandBuffer);
    GET_DEV_PROC(ResetFences);
    GET_DEV_PROC(WaitForFences);
    GET_DEV_PROC(FrameBoundaryANDROID);
}

void VulkanManager::initialize() {
    std::call_once(mInitFlag, [&] {
        GET_PROC(EnumerateInstanceVersion);
        uint32_t instanceVersion;
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mEnumerateInstanceVersion(&instanceVersion));
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(instanceVersion < VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 1, 0));

        this->setupDevice(mExtensions, mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2);

        mGetDeviceQueue(mDevice, mGraphicsQueueIndex, 0, &mGraphicsQueue);
        mGetDeviceQueue(mDevice, mGraphicsQueueIndex, 1, &mAHBUploadQueue);

        if (Properties::enablePartialUpdates && Properties::useBufferAge) {
            mSwapBehavior = SwapBehavior::BufferAge;
        }

        mInitialized = true;
    });
}

namespace {
void onVkDeviceFault(const std::string& contextLabel, const std::string& description,
                     const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT>& addressInfos,
                     const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT>& vendorInfos,
                     const std::vector<std::byte>& vendorBinaryData) {
    // The final crash string should contain as much differentiating info as possible, up to 1024
    // bytes. As this final message is constructed, the same information is also dumped to the logs
    // but in a more verbose format. Building the crash string is unsightly, so the clearer logging
    // statement is always placed first to give context.
    ALOGE("VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST (%s context): %s", contextLabel.c_str(), description.c_str());
    std::stringstream crashMsg;
    crashMsg << "VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST (" << contextLabel;

    if (!addressInfos.empty()) {
        ALOGE("%zu VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT:", addressInfos.size());
        crashMsg << ", " << addressInfos.size() << " address info (";
        for (VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT addressInfo : addressInfos) {
            ALOGE(" addressType:       %d", (int)addressInfo.addressType);
            ALOGE("  reportedAddress:  %" PRIu64, addressInfo.reportedAddress);
            ALOGE("  addressPrecision: %" PRIu64, addressInfo.addressPrecision);
            crashMsg << addressInfo.addressType << ":"
                     << addressInfo.reportedAddress << ":"
                     << addressInfo.addressPrecision << ", ";
        }
        crashMsg.seekp(-2, crashMsg.cur);  // Move back to overwrite trailing ", "
        crashMsg << ")";
    }

    if (!vendorInfos.empty()) {
        ALOGE("%zu VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT:", vendorInfos.size());
        crashMsg << ", " << vendorInfos.size() << " vendor info (";
        for (VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT vendorInfo : vendorInfos) {
            ALOGE(" description:      %s", vendorInfo.description);
            ALOGE("  vendorFaultCode: %" PRIu64, vendorInfo.vendorFaultCode);
            ALOGE("  vendorFaultData: %" PRIu64, vendorInfo.vendorFaultData);
            // Omit descriptions for individual vendor info structs in the crash string, as the
            // fault code and fault data fields should be enough for clustering, and the verbosity
            // isn't worth it. Additionally, vendors may just set the general description field of
            // the overall fault to the description of the first element in this list, and that
            // overall description will be placed at the end of the crash string.
            crashMsg << vendorInfo.vendorFaultCode << ":"
                     << vendorInfo.vendorFaultData << ", ";
        }
        crashMsg.seekp(-2, crashMsg.cur);  // Move back to overwrite trailing ", "
        crashMsg << ")";
    }

    if (!vendorBinaryData.empty()) {
        // TODO: b/322830575 - Log in base64, or dump directly to a file that gets put in bugreports
        ALOGE("%zu bytes of vendor-specific binary data (please notify Android's Core Graphics"
              " Stack team if you observe this message).",
              vendorBinaryData.size());
        crashMsg << ", " << vendorBinaryData.size() << " bytes binary";
    }

    crashMsg << "): " << description;
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s", crashMsg.str().c_str());
}

void deviceLostProcRenderThread(void* callbackContext, const std::string& description,
                                const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT>& addressInfos,
                                const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT>& vendorInfos,
                                const std::vector<std::byte>& vendorBinaryData) {
    onVkDeviceFault("RenderThread", description, addressInfos, vendorInfos, vendorBinaryData);
}
void deviceLostProcUploadThread(void* callbackContext, const std::string& description,
                                const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultAddressInfoEXT>& addressInfos,
                                const std::vector<VkDeviceFaultVendorInfoEXT>& vendorInfos,
                                const std::vector<std::byte>& vendorBinaryData) {
    onVkDeviceFault("UploadThread", description, addressInfos, vendorInfos, vendorBinaryData);
}
}  // anonymous namespace

static void onGrContextReleased(void* context) {
    VulkanManager* manager = (VulkanManager*)context;
    manager->decStrong((void*)onGrContextReleased);
}

sk_sp<GrDirectContext> VulkanManager::createContext(GrContextOptions& options,
                                                    ContextType contextType) {
    auto getProc = [](const char* proc_name, VkInstance instance, VkDevice device) {
        if (device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
            return vkGetDeviceProcAddr(device, proc_name);
        }
        return vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, proc_name);
    };

    skgpu::VulkanBackendContext backendContext;
    backendContext.fInstance = mInstance;
    backendContext.fPhysicalDevice = mPhysicalDevice;
    backendContext.fDevice = mDevice;
    backendContext.fQueue =
            (contextType == ContextType::kRenderThread) ? mGraphicsQueue : mAHBUploadQueue;
    backendContext.fGraphicsQueueIndex = mGraphicsQueueIndex;
    backendContext.fMaxAPIVersion = mAPIVersion;
    backendContext.fVkExtensions = &mExtensions;
    backendContext.fDeviceFeatures2 = &mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2;
    backendContext.fGetProc = std::move(getProc);
    backendContext.fDeviceLostContext = nullptr;
    backendContext.fDeviceLostProc = (contextType == ContextType::kRenderThread)
                                             ? deviceLostProcRenderThread
                                             : deviceLostProcUploadThread;

    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(options.fContextDeleteProc != nullptr, "Conflicting fContextDeleteProcs!");
    this->incStrong((void*)onGrContextReleased);
    options.fContextDeleteContext = this;
    options.fContextDeleteProc = onGrContextReleased;

    return GrDirectContexts::MakeVulkan(backendContext, options);
}

VkFunctorInitParams VulkanManager::getVkFunctorInitParams() const {
    return VkFunctorInitParams{
            .instance = mInstance,
            .physical_device = mPhysicalDevice,
            .device = mDevice,
            .queue = mGraphicsQueue,
            .graphics_queue_index = mGraphicsQueueIndex,
            .api_version = mAPIVersion,
            .enabled_instance_extension_names = mInstanceExtensions.data(),
            .enabled_instance_extension_names_length =
                    static_cast<uint32_t>(mInstanceExtensions.size()),
            .enabled_device_extension_names = mDeviceExtensions.data(),
            .enabled_device_extension_names_length =
                    static_cast<uint32_t>(mDeviceExtensions.size()),
            .device_features_2 = &mPhysicalDeviceFeatures2,
    };
}

Frame VulkanManager::dequeueNextBuffer(VulkanSurface* surface) {
    VulkanSurface::NativeBufferInfo* bufferInfo = surface->dequeueNativeBuffer();

    if (bufferInfo == nullptr) {
        ALOGE("VulkanSurface::dequeueNativeBuffer called with an invalid surface!");
        return Frame(-1, -1, 0);
    }

    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!bufferInfo->dequeued);

    if (bufferInfo->dequeue_fence != -1) {
        struct sync_file_info* finfo = sync_file_info(bufferInfo->dequeue_fence);
        bool isSignalPending = false;
        if (finfo != NULL) {
            isSignalPending = finfo->status != 1;
            sync_file_info_free(finfo);
        }
        if (isSignalPending) {
            int fence_clone = dup(bufferInfo->dequeue_fence);
            if (fence_clone == -1) {
                ALOGE("dup(fence) failed, stalling until signalled: %s (%d)", strerror(errno),
                      errno);
                sync_wait(bufferInfo->dequeue_fence, -1 /* forever */);
            } else {
                VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo;
                semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
                semaphoreInfo.pNext = nullptr;
                semaphoreInfo.flags = 0;
                VkSemaphore semaphore;
                VkResult err = mCreateSemaphore(mDevice, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &semaphore);
                if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
                    ALOGE("Failed to create import semaphore, err: %d", err);
                    close(fence_clone);
                    sync_wait(bufferInfo->dequeue_fence, -1 /* forever */);
                } else {
                    VkImportSemaphoreFdInfoKHR importInfo;
                    importInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMPORT_SEMAPHORE_FD_INFO_KHR;
                    importInfo.pNext = nullptr;
                    importInfo.semaphore = semaphore;
                    importInfo.flags = VK_SEMAPHORE_IMPORT_TEMPORARY_BIT;
                    importInfo.handleType = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT;
                    importInfo.fd = fence_clone;

                    err = mImportSemaphoreFdKHR(mDevice, &importInfo);
                    if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
                        ALOGE("Failed to import semaphore, err: %d", err);
                        mDestroySemaphore(mDevice, semaphore, nullptr);
                        close(fence_clone);
                        sync_wait(bufferInfo->dequeue_fence, -1 /* forever */);
                    } else {
                        GrBackendSemaphore beSemaphore = GrBackendSemaphores::MakeVk(semaphore);
                        // Skia will take ownership of the VkSemaphore and delete it once the wait
                        // has finished. The VkSemaphore also owns the imported fd, so it will
                        // close the fd when it is deleted.
                        bufferInfo->skSurface->wait(1, &beSemaphore);
                        // The following flush blocks the GPU immediately instead of waiting for
                        // other drawing ops. It seems dequeue_fence is not respected otherwise.
                        // TODO: remove the flush after finding why beSemaphore is not working.
                        skgpu::ganesh::FlushAndSubmit(bufferInfo->skSurface.get());
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    int bufferAge = (mSwapBehavior == SwapBehavior::Discard) ? 0 : surface->getCurrentBuffersAge();
    return Frame(surface->logicalWidth(), surface->logicalHeight(), bufferAge);
}

class SharedSemaphoreInfo : public LightRefBase<SharedSemaphoreInfo> {
    PFN_vkDestroySemaphore mDestroyFunction;
    VkDevice mDevice;
    VkSemaphore mSemaphore;
    GrBackendSemaphore mGrBackendSemaphore;

    SharedSemaphoreInfo(PFN_vkDestroySemaphore destroyFunction, VkDevice device,
                        VkSemaphore semaphore)
            : mDestroyFunction(destroyFunction), mDevice(device), mSemaphore(semaphore) {
        mGrBackendSemaphore = GrBackendSemaphores::MakeVk(mSemaphore);
    }

    ~SharedSemaphoreInfo() { mDestroyFunction(mDevice, mSemaphore, nullptr); }

    friend class LightRefBase<SharedSemaphoreInfo>;
    friend class sp<SharedSemaphoreInfo>;

public:
    VkSemaphore semaphore() const { return mSemaphore; }

    GrBackendSemaphore* grBackendSemaphore() { return &mGrBackendSemaphore; }
};

static void destroy_semaphore(void* context) {
    SharedSemaphoreInfo* info = reinterpret_cast<SharedSemaphoreInfo*>(context);
    info->decStrong(0);
}

VulkanManager::VkDrawResult VulkanManager::finishFrame(SkSurface* surface) {
    ATRACE_NAME("Vulkan finish frame");

    sp<SharedSemaphoreInfo> sharedSemaphore;
    GrFlushInfo flushInfo;

    {
        VkExportSemaphoreCreateInfo exportInfo;
        exportInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
        exportInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        exportInfo.handleTypes = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT;

        VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo;
        semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
        semaphoreInfo.pNext = &exportInfo;
        semaphoreInfo.flags = 0;
        VkSemaphore semaphore;
        VkResult err = mCreateSemaphore(mDevice, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &semaphore);
        ALOGE_IF(VK_SUCCESS != err,
                 "VulkanManager::makeSwapSemaphore(): Failed to create semaphore");

        if (err == VK_SUCCESS) {
            sharedSemaphore = sp<SharedSemaphoreInfo>::make(mDestroySemaphore, mDevice, semaphore);
            flushInfo.fNumSemaphores = 1;
            flushInfo.fSignalSemaphores = sharedSemaphore->grBackendSemaphore();
            flushInfo.fFinishedProc = destroy_semaphore;
            sharedSemaphore->incStrong(0);
            flushInfo.fFinishedContext = sharedSemaphore.get();
        }
    }

    GrDirectContext* context = GrAsDirectContext(surface->recordingContext());
    ALOGE_IF(!context, "Surface is not backed by gpu");
    GrSemaphoresSubmitted submitted = context->flush(
            surface, SkSurfaces::BackendSurfaceAccess::kPresent, flushInfo);
    context->submit();
    VkDrawResult drawResult{
            .submissionTime = systemTime(),
    };
    if (sharedSemaphore) {
        if (submitted == GrSemaphoresSubmitted::kYes && mFrameBoundaryANDROID) {
            // retrieve VkImage used as render target
            VkImage image = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
            GrBackendRenderTarget backendRenderTarget = SkSurfaces::GetBackendRenderTarget(
                    surface, SkSurfaces::BackendHandleAccess::kFlushRead);
            if (backendRenderTarget.isValid()) {
                GrVkImageInfo info;
                if (GrBackendRenderTargets::GetVkImageInfo(backendRenderTarget, &info)) {
                    image = info.fImage;
                } else {
                    ALOGE("Frame boundary: backend is not vulkan");
                }
            } else {
                ALOGE("Frame boundary: invalid backend render target");
            }
            // frameBoundaryANDROID needs to know about mSwapSemaphore, but
            // it won't wait on it.
            mFrameBoundaryANDROID(mDevice, sharedSemaphore->semaphore(), image);
        }
        VkSemaphoreGetFdInfoKHR getFdInfo;
        getFdInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_GET_FD_INFO_KHR;
        getFdInfo.pNext = nullptr;
        getFdInfo.semaphore = sharedSemaphore->semaphore();
        getFdInfo.handleType = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT;

        int fenceFd = -1;
        VkResult err = mGetSemaphoreFdKHR(mDevice, &getFdInfo, &fenceFd);
        ALOGE_IF(VK_SUCCESS != err, "VulkanManager::swapBuffers(): Failed to get semaphore Fd");
        drawResult.presentFence.reset(fenceFd);
    } else {
        ALOGE("VulkanManager::finishFrame(): Semaphore submission failed");
        mQueueWaitIdle(mGraphicsQueue);
    }

    skiapipeline::ShaderCache::get().onVkFrameFlushed(context);

    return drawResult;
}

void VulkanManager::swapBuffers(VulkanSurface* surface, const SkRect& dirtyRect,
                                android::base::unique_fd&& presentFence) {
    if (CC_UNLIKELY(Properties::waitForGpuCompletion)) {
        ATRACE_NAME("Finishing GPU work");
        mDeviceWaitIdle(mDevice);
    }

    surface->presentCurrentBuffer(dirtyRect, presentFence.release());
}

void VulkanManager::destroySurface(VulkanSurface* surface) {
    // Make sure all submit commands have finished before starting to destroy objects.
    if (VK_NULL_HANDLE != mGraphicsQueue) {
        mQueueWaitIdle(mGraphicsQueue);
    }

    delete surface;
}

VulkanSurface* VulkanManager::createSurface(ANativeWindow* window,
                                            ColorMode colorMode,
                                            sk_sp<SkColorSpace> surfaceColorSpace,
                                            SkColorType surfaceColorType,
                                            GrDirectContext* grContext,
                                            uint32_t extraBuffers) {
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!hasVkContext(), "Not initialized");
    if (!window) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    return VulkanSurface::Create(window, colorMode, surfaceColorType, surfaceColorSpace, grContext,
                                 *this, extraBuffers);
}

status_t VulkanManager::fenceWait(int fence, GrDirectContext* grContext) {
    if (!hasVkContext()) {
        ALOGE("VulkanManager::fenceWait: VkDevice not initialized");
        return INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    // Block GPU on the fence.
    int fenceFd = ::dup(fence);
    if (fenceFd == -1) {
        ALOGE("VulkanManager::fenceWait: error dup'ing fence fd: %d", errno);
        return -errno;
    }

    VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo;
    semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
    semaphoreInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    semaphoreInfo.flags = 0;
    VkSemaphore semaphore;
    VkResult err = mCreateSemaphore(mDevice, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &semaphore);
    if (VK_SUCCESS != err) {
        close(fenceFd);
        ALOGE("Failed to create import semaphore, err: %d", err);
        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
    }
    VkImportSemaphoreFdInfoKHR importInfo;
    importInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMPORT_SEMAPHORE_FD_INFO_KHR;
    importInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    importInfo.semaphore = semaphore;
    importInfo.flags = VK_SEMAPHORE_IMPORT_TEMPORARY_BIT;
    importInfo.handleType = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT;
    importInfo.fd = fenceFd;

    err = mImportSemaphoreFdKHR(mDevice, &importInfo);
    if (VK_SUCCESS != err) {
        mDestroySemaphore(mDevice, semaphore, nullptr);
        close(fenceFd);
        ALOGE("Failed to import semaphore, err: %d", err);
        return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
    }

    GrBackendSemaphore beSemaphore = GrBackendSemaphores::MakeVk(semaphore);

    // Skia will take ownership of the VkSemaphore and delete it once the wait has finished. The
    // VkSemaphore also owns the imported fd, so it will close the fd when it is deleted.
    grContext->wait(1, &beSemaphore);
    grContext->flushAndSubmit();

    return OK;
}

status_t VulkanManager::createReleaseFence(int* nativeFence, GrDirectContext* grContext) {
    *nativeFence = -1;
    if (!hasVkContext()) {
        ALOGE("VulkanManager::createReleaseFence: VkDevice not initialized");
        return INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    VkExportSemaphoreCreateInfo exportInfo;
    exportInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_EXPORT_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
    exportInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    exportInfo.handleTypes = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT;

    VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo;
    semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
    semaphoreInfo.pNext = &exportInfo;
    semaphoreInfo.flags = 0;
    VkSemaphore semaphore;
    VkResult err = mCreateSemaphore(mDevice, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &semaphore);
    if (VK_SUCCESS != err) {
        ALOGE("VulkanManager::createReleaseFence: Failed to create semaphore");
        return INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    auto sharedSemaphore = sp<SharedSemaphoreInfo>::make(mDestroySemaphore, mDevice, semaphore);

    // Even if Skia fails to submit the semaphore, it will still call the destroy_semaphore callback
    GrFlushInfo flushInfo;
    flushInfo.fNumSemaphores = 1;
    flushInfo.fSignalSemaphores = sharedSemaphore->grBackendSemaphore();
    flushInfo.fFinishedProc = destroy_semaphore;
    sharedSemaphore->incStrong(0);
    flushInfo.fFinishedContext = sharedSemaphore.get();
    GrSemaphoresSubmitted submitted = grContext->flush(flushInfo);
    grContext->submit();

    if (submitted == GrSemaphoresSubmitted::kNo) {
        ALOGE("VulkanManager::createReleaseFence: Failed to submit semaphore");
        return INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    VkSemaphoreGetFdInfoKHR getFdInfo;
    getFdInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_GET_FD_INFO_KHR;
    getFdInfo.pNext = nullptr;
    getFdInfo.semaphore = semaphore;
    getFdInfo.handleType = VK_EXTERNAL_SEMAPHORE_HANDLE_TYPE_SYNC_FD_BIT;

    int fenceFd = 0;

    err = mGetSemaphoreFdKHR(mDevice, &getFdInfo, &fenceFd);
    if (VK_SUCCESS != err) {
        ALOGE("VulkanManager::createReleaseFence: Failed to get semaphore Fd");
        return INVALID_OPERATION;
    }
    *nativeFence = fenceFd;

    return OK;
}

} /* namespace renderthread */
} /* namespace uirenderer */
} /* namespace android */