blob: bc015a3ac4174c304af62a3fc609a9ba98f4ebbc [file] [log] [blame]
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +02001*motion.txt* For Vim version 8.1. Last change: 2019 May 05
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00002
3
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
5
6
7Cursor motions *cursor-motions* *navigation*
8
9These commands move the cursor position. If the new position is off of the
10screen, the screen is scrolled to show the cursor (see also 'scrolljump' and
11'scrolloff' options).
12
131. Motions and operators |operator|
142. Left-right motions |left-right-motions|
153. Up-down motions |up-down-motions|
164. Word motions |word-motions|
175. Text object motions |object-motions|
186. Text object selection |object-select|
197. Marks |mark-motions|
208. Jumps |jump-motions|
219. Various motions |various-motions|
22
23General remarks:
24
25If you want to know where you are in the file use the "CTRL-G" command
26|CTRL-G| or the "g CTRL-G" command |g_CTRL-G|. If you set the 'ruler' option,
27the cursor position is continuously shown in the status line (which slows down
28Vim a little).
29
30Experienced users prefer the hjkl keys because they are always right under
31their fingers. Beginners often prefer the arrow keys, because they do not
32know what the hjkl keys do. The mnemonic value of hjkl is clear from looking
33at the keyboard. Think of j as an arrow pointing downwards.
34
35The 'virtualedit' option can be set to make it possible to move the cursor to
36positions where there is no character or halfway a character.
37
38==============================================================================
391. Motions and operators *operator*
40
41The motion commands can be used after an operator command, to have the command
42operate on the text that was moved over. That is the text between the cursor
43position before and after the motion. Operators are generally used to delete
44or change text. The following operators are available:
45
46 |c| c change
47 |d| d delete
48 |y| y yank into register (does not change the text)
49 |~| ~ swap case (only if 'tildeop' is set)
50 |g~| g~ swap case
51 |gu| gu make lowercase
52 |gU| gU make uppercase
53 |!| ! filter through an external program
54 |=| = filter through 'equalprg' or C-indenting if empty
55 |gq| gq text formatting
56 |g?| g? ROT13 encoding
57 |>| > shift right
58 |<| < shift left
59 |zf| zf define a fold
Bram Moolenaar6c35bea2012-07-25 17:49:10 +020060 |g@| g@ call function set with the 'operatorfunc' option
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +000061
62If the motion includes a count and the operator also had a count before it,
63the two counts are multiplied. For example: "2d3w" deletes six words.
64
65After applying the operator the cursor is mostly left at the start of the text
66that was operated upon. For example, "yfe" doesn't move the cursor, but "yFe"
67moves the cursor leftwards to the "e" where the yank started.
68
69 *linewise* *characterwise*
70The operator either affects whole lines, or the characters between the start
71and end position. Generally, motions that move between lines affect lines
72(are linewise), and motions that move within a line affect characters (are
73characterwise). However, there are some exceptions.
74
75 *exclusive* *inclusive*
Bram Moolenaar78984f52005-08-01 07:19:10 +000076A character motion is either inclusive or exclusive. When inclusive, the
77start and end position of the motion are included in the operation. When
78exclusive, the last character towards the end of the buffer is not included.
79Linewise motions always include the start and end position.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +000080
Bram Moolenaar78984f52005-08-01 07:19:10 +000081Which motions are linewise, inclusive or exclusive is mentioned with the
82command. There are however, two general exceptions:
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000831. If the motion is exclusive and the end of the motion is in column 1, the
84 end of the motion is moved to the end of the previous line and the motion
85 becomes inclusive. Example: "}" moves to the first line after a paragraph,
86 but "d}" will not include that line.
Bram Moolenaar5eb86f92004-07-26 12:53:41 +000087 *exclusive-linewise*
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000882. If the motion is exclusive, the end of the motion is in column 1 and the
89 start of the motion was at or before the first non-blank in the line, the
90 motion becomes linewise. Example: If a paragraph begins with some blanks
91 and you do "d}" while standing on the first non-blank, all the lines of
92 the paragraph are deleted, including the blanks. If you do a put now, the
93 deleted lines will be inserted below the cursor position.
94
95Note that when the operator is pending (the operator command is typed, but the
96motion isn't yet), a special set of mappings can be used. See |:omap|.
97
98Instead of first giving the operator and then a motion you can use Visual
99mode: mark the start of the text with "v", move the cursor to the end of the
100text that is to be affected and then hit the operator. The text between the
101start and the cursor position is highlighted, so you can see what text will
102be operated upon. This allows much more freedom, but requires more key
103strokes and has limited redo functionality. See the chapter on Visual mode
104|Visual-mode|.
105
106You can use a ":" command for a motion. For example "d:call FindEnd()".
Bram Moolenaarac7bd632013-03-19 11:35:58 +0100107But this can't be repeated with "." if the command is more than one line.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000108This can be repeated: >
109 d:call search("f")<CR>
110This cannot be repeated: >
111 d:if 1<CR>
112 call search("f")<CR>
113 endif<CR>
Bram Moolenaarac7bd632013-03-19 11:35:58 +0100114Note that when using ":" any motion becomes characterwise exclusive.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000115
Bram Moolenaarc8c88492018-12-27 23:59:26 +0100116 *forced-motion*
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000117FORCING A MOTION TO BE LINEWISE, CHARACTERWISE OR BLOCKWISE
118
119When a motion is not of the type you would like to use, you can force another
120type by using "v", "V" or CTRL-V just after the operator.
121Example: >
122 dj
123deletes two lines >
124 dvj
125deletes from the cursor position until the character below the cursor >
126 d<C-V>j
127deletes the character under the cursor and the character below the cursor. >
128
129Be careful with forcing a linewise movement to be used characterwise or
130blockwise, the column may not always be defined.
131
132 *o_v*
133v When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force
134 the operator to work characterwise, also when the motion is
135 linewise. If the motion was linewise, it will become
136 |exclusive|.
137 If the motion already was characterwise, toggle
138 inclusive/exclusive. This can be used to make an exclusive
139 motion inclusive and an inclusive motion exclusive.
140
141 *o_V*
142V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force
143 the operator to work linewise, also when the motion is
144 characterwise.
145
146 *o_CTRL-V*
147CTRL-V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force
148 the operator to work blockwise. This works like Visual block
149 mode selection, with the corners defined by the cursor
150 position before and after the motion.
151
152==============================================================================
1532. Left-right motions *left-right-motions*
154
Bram Moolenaar8f3f58f2010-01-06 20:52:26 +0100155These commands move the cursor to the specified column in the current line.
156They stop at the first column and at the end of the line, except "$", which
157may move to one of the next lines. See 'whichwrap' option to make some of the
158commands move across line boundaries.
159
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000160h or *h*
161<Left> or *<Left>*
162CTRL-H or *CTRL-H* *<BS>*
163<BS> [count] characters to the left. |exclusive| motion.
164 Note: If you prefer <BS> to delete a character, use
165 the mapping:
166 :map CTRL-V<BS> X
167 (to enter "CTRL-V<BS>" type the CTRL-V key, followed
168 by the <BS> key)
169 See |:fixdel| if the <BS> key does not do what you
170 want.
171
172l or *l*
173<Right> or *<Right>* *<Space>*
174<Space> [count] characters to the right. |exclusive| motion.
Bram Moolenaarf2571c62015-06-09 19:44:55 +0200175 See the 'whichwrap' option for adjusting the behavior
176 at end of line
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000177
178 *0*
1790 To the first character of the line. |exclusive|
Bram Moolenaar9964e462007-05-05 17:54:07 +0000180 motion.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000181
182 *<Home>* *<kHome>*
183<Home> To the first character of the line. |exclusive|
Bram Moolenaar9964e462007-05-05 17:54:07 +0000184 motion. When moving up or down next, stay in same
185 TEXT column (if possible). Most other commands stay
186 in the same SCREEN column. <Home> works like "1|",
187 which differs from "0" when the line starts with a
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200188 <Tab>.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000189
190 *^*
191^ To the first non-blank character of the line.
192 |exclusive| motion.
193
194 *$* *<End>* *<kEnd>*
195$ or <End> To the end of the line. When a count is given also go
Bram Moolenaar036986f2017-03-16 17:41:02 +0100196 [count - 1] lines downward. |inclusive| motion.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000197 In Visual mode the cursor goes to just after the last
198 character in the line.
199 When 'virtualedit' is active, "$" may move the cursor
200 back from past the end of the line to the last
201 character in the line.
202
203 *g_*
204g_ To the last non-blank character of the line and
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200205 [count - 1] lines downward |inclusive|.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000206
207 *g0* *g<Home>*
208g0 or g<Home> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first character of
209 the screen line. |exclusive| motion. Differs from
210 "0" when a line is wider than the screen.
211 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost
212 character of the current line that is on the screen.
213 Differs from "0" when the first character of the line
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200214 is not on the screen.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000215
216 *g^*
217g^ When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first non-blank
218 character of the screen line. |exclusive| motion.
219 Differs from "^" when a line is wider than the screen.
220 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost
221 non-blank character of the current line that is on the
222 screen. Differs from "^" when the first non-blank
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200223 character of the line is not on the screen.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000224
225 *gm*
226gm Like "g0", but half a screenwidth to the right (or as
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200227 much as possible).
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000228
229 *g$* *g<End>*
230g$ or g<End> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the last character of
231 the screen line and [count - 1] screen lines downward
232 |inclusive|. Differs from "$" when a line is wider
233 than the screen.
234 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the rightmost
235 character of the current line that is visible on the
236 screen. Differs from "$" when the last character of
237 the line is not on the screen or when a count is used.
238 Additionally, vertical movements keep the column,
239 instead of going to the end of the line.
Bram Moolenaar9ba7e172013-07-17 22:37:26 +0200240 When 'virtualedit' is enabled moves to the end of the
241 screen line.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000242
243 *bar*
244| To screen column [count] in the current line.
Bram Moolenaar8f3f58f2010-01-06 20:52:26 +0100245 |exclusive| motion. Ceci n'est pas une pipe.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000246
247 *f*
248f{char} To [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the right. The
249 cursor is placed on {char} |inclusive|.
250 {char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|.
251 When 'encoding' is set to Unicode, composing
252 characters may be used, see |utf-8-char-arg|.
253 |:lmap| mappings apply to {char}. The CTRL-^ command
254 in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off
255 |i_CTRL-^|.
256
257 *F*
258F{char} To the [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the left.
Bram Moolenaar78984f52005-08-01 07:19:10 +0000259 The cursor is placed on {char} |exclusive|.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000260 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command.
261
262 *t*
263t{char} Till before [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the
264 right. The cursor is placed on the character left of
265 {char} |inclusive|.
266 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command.
267
268 *T*
269T{char} Till after [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the
270 left. The cursor is placed on the character right of
Bram Moolenaar78984f52005-08-01 07:19:10 +0000271 {char} |exclusive|.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000272 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command.
273
274 *;*
Bram Moolenaar8b3e0332011-06-26 05:36:34 +0200275; Repeat latest f, t, F or T [count] times. See |cpo-;|
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000276
277 *,*
278, Repeat latest f, t, F or T in opposite direction
Bram Moolenaar8b3e0332011-06-26 05:36:34 +0200279 [count] times. See also |cpo-;|
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000280
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000281==============================================================================
2823. Up-down motions *up-down-motions*
283
284k or *k*
285<Up> or *<Up>* *CTRL-P*
286CTRL-P [count] lines upward |linewise|.
287
288j or *j*
289<Down> or *<Down>*
290CTRL-J or *CTRL-J*
291<NL> or *<NL>* *CTRL-N*
292CTRL-N [count] lines downward |linewise|.
293
294gk or *gk* *g<Up>*
295g<Up> [count] display lines upward. |exclusive| motion.
296 Differs from 'k' when lines wrap, and when used with
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200297 an operator, because it's not linewise.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000298
299gj or *gj* *g<Down>*
300g<Down> [count] display lines downward. |exclusive| motion.
301 Differs from 'j' when lines wrap, and when used with
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200302 an operator, because it's not linewise.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000303
304 *-*
305- <minus> [count] lines upward, on the first non-blank
306 character |linewise|.
307
308+ or *+*
309CTRL-M or *CTRL-M* *<CR>*
310<CR> [count] lines downward, on the first non-blank
311 character |linewise|.
312
313 *_*
314_ <underscore> [count] - 1 lines downward, on the first non-blank
315 character |linewise|.
316
317 *G*
318G Goto line [count], default last line, on the first
319 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not
320 set, keep the same column.
Bram Moolenaar26967612019-03-17 17:13:16 +0100321 G is one of the |jump-motions|.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000322
323 *<C-End>*
324<C-End> Goto line [count], default last line, on the last
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200325 character |inclusive|.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000326
327<C-Home> or *gg* *<C-Home>*
328gg Goto line [count], default first line, on the first
329 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not
330 set, keep the same column.
331
Bram Moolenaar9b451252012-08-15 17:43:31 +0200332 *:[range]*
Bram Moolenaar8f3f58f2010-01-06 20:52:26 +0100333:[range] Set the cursor on the last line number in [range].
334 [range] can also be just one line number, e.g., ":1"
335 or ":'m".
Bram Moolenaar00a927d2010-05-14 23:24:24 +0200336 In contrast with |G| this command does not modify the
337 |jumplist|.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000338 *N%*
339{count}% Go to {count} percentage in the file, on the first
340 non-blank in the line |linewise|. To compute the new
341 line number this formula is used:
342 ({count} * number-of-lines + 99) / 100
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200343 See also 'startofline' option.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000344
345:[range]go[to] [count] *:go* *:goto* *go*
Bram Moolenaar92dff182014-02-11 19:15:50 +0100346[count]go Go to [count] byte in the buffer. Default [count] is
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000347 one, start of the file. When giving [range], the
348 last number in it used as the byte count. End-of-line
349 characters are counted depending on the current
350 'fileformat' setting.
Bram Moolenaar251e1912011-06-19 05:09:16 +0200351 Also see the |line2byte()| function, and the 'o'
352 option in 'statusline'.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000353 {not available when compiled without the
354 |+byte_offset| feature}
355
356These commands move to the specified line. They stop when reaching the first
357or the last line. The first two commands put the cursor in the same column
358(if possible) as it was after the last command that changed the column,
359except after the "$" command, then the cursor will be put on the last
360character of the line.
361
Bram Moolenaar7c626922005-02-07 22:01:03 +0000362If "k", "-" or CTRL-P is used with a [count] and there are less than [count]
363lines above the cursor and the 'cpo' option includes the "-" flag it is an
364error. |cpo--|.
365
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000366==============================================================================
3674. Word motions *word-motions*
368
369<S-Right> or *<S-Right>* *w*
370w [count] words forward. |exclusive| motion.
371
372<C-Right> or *<C-Right>* *W*
373W [count] WORDS forward. |exclusive| motion.
374
375 *e*
376e Forward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|.
Bram Moolenaar446cb832008-06-24 21:56:24 +0000377 Does not stop in an empty line.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000378
379 *E*
380E Forward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|.
Bram Moolenaar446cb832008-06-24 21:56:24 +0000381 Does not stop in an empty line.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000382
383<S-Left> or *<S-Left>* *b*
384b [count] words backward. |exclusive| motion.
385
386<C-Left> or *<C-Left>* *B*
387B [count] WORDS backward. |exclusive| motion.
388
389 *ge*
390ge Backward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|.
391
392 *gE*
393gE Backward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|.
394
395These commands move over words or WORDS.
396 *word*
397A word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores, or a
398sequence of other non-blank characters, separated with white space (spaces,
Bram Moolenaar4770d092006-01-12 23:22:24 +0000399tabs, <EOL>). This can be changed with the 'iskeyword' option. An empty line
400is also considered to be a word.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000401 *WORD*
402A WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white
Bram Moolenaar4770d092006-01-12 23:22:24 +0000403space. An empty line is also considered to be a WORD.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000404
405A sequence of folded lines is counted for one word of a single character.
406"w" and "W", "e" and "E" move to the start/end of the first word or WORD after
407a range of folded lines. "b" and "B" move to the start of the first word or
408WORD before the fold.
409
410Special case: "cw" and "cW" are treated like "ce" and "cE" if the cursor is
411on a non-blank. This is because "cw" is interpreted as change-word, and a
412word does not include the following white space. {Vi: "cw" when on a blank
413followed by other blanks changes only the first blank; this is probably a
414bug, because "dw" deletes all the blanks}
415
416Another special case: When using the "w" motion in combination with an
417operator and the last word moved over is at the end of a line, the end of
418that word becomes the end of the operated text, not the first word in the
419next line.
420
421The original Vi implementation of "e" is buggy. For example, the "e" command
422will stop on the first character of a line if the previous line was empty.
423But when you use "2e" this does not happen. In Vim "ee" and "2e" are the
424same, which is more logical. However, this causes a small incompatibility
425between Vi and Vim.
426
427==============================================================================
4285. Text object motions *object-motions*
429
430 *(*
431( [count] sentences backward. |exclusive| motion.
432
433 *)*
434) [count] sentences forward. |exclusive| motion.
435
436 *{*
437{ [count] paragraphs backward. |exclusive| motion.
438
439 *}*
440} [count] paragraphs forward. |exclusive| motion.
441
442 *]]*
443]] [count] sections forward or to the next '{' in the
Bram Moolenaar5eb86f92004-07-26 12:53:41 +0000444 first column. When used after an operator, then also
445 stops below a '}' in the first column. |exclusive|
446 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000447
448 *][*
449][ [count] sections forward or to the next '}' in the
Bram Moolenaar5eb86f92004-07-26 12:53:41 +0000450 first column. |exclusive|
451 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000452
453 *[[*
454[[ [count] sections backward or to the previous '{' in
Bram Moolenaar5eb86f92004-07-26 12:53:41 +0000455 the first column. |exclusive|
456 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000457
458 *[]*
459[] [count] sections backward or to the previous '}' in
Bram Moolenaar5eb86f92004-07-26 12:53:41 +0000460 the first column. |exclusive|
461 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000462
463These commands move over three kinds of text objects.
464
465 *sentence*
466A sentence is defined as ending at a '.', '!' or '?' followed by either the
467end of a line, or by a space or tab. Any number of closing ')', ']', '"'
468and ''' characters may appear after the '.', '!' or '?' before the spaces,
469tabs or end of line. A paragraph and section boundary is also a sentence
470boundary.
471If the 'J' flag is present in 'cpoptions', at least two spaces have to
472follow the punctuation mark; <Tab>s are not recognized as white space.
473The definition of a sentence cannot be changed.
474
475 *paragraph*
476A paragraph begins after each empty line, and also at each of a set of
477paragraph macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the 'paragraphs'
Bram Moolenaar446cb832008-06-24 21:56:24 +0000478option. The default is "IPLPPPQPP TPHPLIPpLpItpplpipbp", which corresponds to
479the macros ".IP", ".LP", etc. (These are nroff macros, so the dot must be in
480the first column). A section boundary is also a paragraph boundary.
Bram Moolenaar4399ef42005-02-12 14:29:27 +0000481Note that a blank line (only containing white space) is NOT a paragraph
482boundary.
483Also note that this does not include a '{' or '}' in the first column. When
484the '{' flag is in 'cpoptions' then '{' in the first column is used as a
485paragraph boundary |posix|.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000486
487 *section*
488A section begins after a form-feed (<C-L>) in the first column and at each of
489a set of section macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the
490'sections' option. The default is "SHNHH HUnhsh", which defines a section to
491start at the nroff macros ".SH", ".NH", ".H", ".HU", ".nh" and ".sh".
492
493The "]" and "[" commands stop at the '{' or '}' in the first column. This is
494useful to find the start or end of a function in a C program. Note that the
495first character of the command determines the search direction and the
496second character the type of brace found.
497
498If your '{' or '}' are not in the first column, and you would like to use "[["
499and "]]" anyway, try these mappings: >
500 :map [[ ?{<CR>w99[{
501 :map ][ /}<CR>b99]}
502 :map ]] j0[[%/{<CR>
503 :map [] k$][%?}<CR>
504[type these literally, see |<>|]
505
506==============================================================================
5076. Text object selection *object-select* *text-objects*
508 *v_a* *v_i*
509
510This is a series of commands that can only be used while in Visual mode or
511after an operator. The commands that start with "a" select "a"n object
512including white space, the commands starting with "i" select an "inner" object
513without white space, or just the white space. Thus the "inner" commands
514always select less text than the "a" commands.
515
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000516These commands are not available when the |+textobjects| feature has been
517disabled at compile time.
Bram Moolenaar6c35bea2012-07-25 17:49:10 +0200518Also see `gn` and `gN`, operating on the last search pattern.
519
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000520 *v_aw* *aw*
521aw "a word", select [count] words (see |word|).
522 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not
523 counted.
524 When used in Visual linewise mode "aw" switches to
525 Visual characterwise mode.
526
527 *v_iw* *iw*
528iw "inner word", select [count] words (see |word|).
529 White space between words is counted too.
530 When used in Visual linewise mode "iw" switches to
531 Visual characterwise mode.
532
533 *v_aW* *aW*
534aW "a WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|).
535 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not
536 counted.
537 When used in Visual linewise mode "aW" switches to
538 Visual characterwise mode.
539
540 *v_iW* *iW*
541iW "inner WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|).
542 White space between words is counted too.
543 When used in Visual linewise mode "iW" switches to
544 Visual characterwise mode.
545
546 *v_as* *as*
547as "a sentence", select [count] sentences (see
548 |sentence|).
549 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
550
551 *v_is* *is*
552is "inner sentence", select [count] sentences (see
553 |sentence|).
554 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
555
556 *v_ap* *ap*
557ap "a paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see
558 |paragraph|).
559 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space)
560 is also a paragraph boundary.
561 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise.
562
563 *v_ip* *ip*
564ip "inner paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see
565 |paragraph|).
566 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space)
567 is also a paragraph boundary.
568 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise.
569
570a] *v_a]* *v_a[* *a]* *a[*
571a[ "a [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This
572 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds
573 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected,
574 including the '[' and ']'.
575 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
576
577i] *v_i]* *v_i[* *i]* *i[*
578i[ "inner [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This
579 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds
580 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected,
581 excluding the '[' and ']'.
582 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
583
584a) *v_a)* *a)* *a(*
Bram Moolenaar269f5952016-07-15 22:54:41 +0200585a( *vab* *v_ab* *v_a(* *ab*
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000586ab "a block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" to
587 the matching ')', including the '(' and ')' (see
588 |[(|). Does not include white space outside of the
589 parenthesis.
590 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
591
592i) *v_i)* *i)* *i(*
Bram Moolenaar269f5952016-07-15 22:54:41 +0200593i( *vib* *v_ib* *v_i(* *ib*
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000594ib "inner block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [("
595 to the matching ')', excluding the '(' and ')' (see
596 |[(|).
597 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
598
599a> *v_a>* *v_a<* *a>* *a<*
600a< "a <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from the
601 [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching
602 '>', including the '<' and '>'.
603 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
604
605i> *v_i>* *v_i<* *i>* *i<*
606i< "inner <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from
607 the [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching
608 '>', excluding the '<' and '>'.
609 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
610
Bram Moolenaar6c131c42005-07-19 22:17:30 +0000611 *v_at* *at*
612at "a tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the
613 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching
614 "</aaa>", including the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>".
615 See |tag-blocks| about the details.
616 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
617
618 *v_it* *it*
619it "inner tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the
620 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching
621 "</aaa>", excluding the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>".
622 See |tag-blocks| about the details.
623 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
624
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000625a} *v_a}* *a}* *a{*
626a{ *v_aB* *v_a{* *aB*
627aB "a Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" to
628 the matching '}', including the '{' and '}' (see
629 |[{|).
630 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
631
632i} *v_i}* *i}* *i{*
633i{ *v_iB* *v_i{* *iB*
634iB "inner Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{"
635 to the matching '}', excluding the '{' and '}' (see
636 |[{|).
637 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
638
Bram Moolenaarcfbc5ee2004-07-02 15:38:35 +0000639a" *v_aquote* *aquote*
640a' *v_a'* *a'*
641a` *v_a`* *a`*
642 "a quoted string". Selects the text from the previous
Bram Moolenaar5a305422006-04-28 22:38:25 +0000643 quote until the next quote. The 'quoteescape' option
644 is used to skip escaped quotes.
645 Only works within one line.
Bram Moolenaarcfbc5ee2004-07-02 15:38:35 +0000646 When the cursor starts on a quote, Vim will figure out
647 which quote pairs form a string by searching from the
648 start of the line.
Bram Moolenaar8f3f58f2010-01-06 20:52:26 +0100649 Any trailing white space is included, unless there is
650 none, then leading white space is included.
Bram Moolenaarcfbc5ee2004-07-02 15:38:35 +0000651 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
652 Repeating this object in Visual mode another string is
653 included. A count is currently not used.
654
655i" *v_iquote* *iquote*
656i' *v_i'* *i'*
657i` *v_i`* *i`*
658 Like a", a' and a`, but exclude the quotes and
659 repeating won't extend the Visual selection.
Bram Moolenaarab194812005-09-14 21:40:12 +0000660 Special case: With a count of 2 the quotes are
661 included, but no extra white space as with a"/a'/a`.
Bram Moolenaarcfbc5ee2004-07-02 15:38:35 +0000662
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000663When used after an operator:
664For non-block objects:
665 For the "a" commands: The operator applies to the object and the white
666 space after the object. If there is no white space after the object
667 or when the cursor was in the white space before the object, the white
668 space before the object is included.
669 For the "inner" commands: If the cursor was on the object, the
670 operator applies to the object. If the cursor was on white space, the
671 operator applies to the white space.
672For a block object:
673 The operator applies to the block where the cursor is in, or the block
674 on which the cursor is on one of the braces. For the "inner" commands
675 the surrounding braces are excluded. For the "a" commands, the braces
676 are included.
677
678When used in Visual mode:
679When start and end of the Visual area are the same (just after typing "v"):
680 One object is selected, the same as for using an operator.
681When start and end of the Visual area are not the same:
682 For non-block objects the area is extended by one object or the white
683 space up to the next object, or both for the "a" objects. The
684 direction in which this happens depends on which side of the Visual
685 area the cursor is. For the block objects the block is extended one
686 level outwards.
687
688For illustration, here is a list of delete commands, grouped from small to big
689objects. Note that for a single character and a whole line the existing vi
690movement commands are used.
691 "dl" delete character (alias: "x") |dl|
692 "diw" delete inner word *diw*
693 "daw" delete a word *daw*
694 "diW" delete inner WORD (see |WORD|) *diW*
695 "daW" delete a WORD (see |WORD|) *daW*
Bram Moolenaar6c35bea2012-07-25 17:49:10 +0200696 "dgn" delete the next search pattern match *dgn*
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000697 "dd" delete one line |dd|
698 "dis" delete inner sentence *dis*
699 "das" delete a sentence *das*
700 "dib" delete inner '(' ')' block *dib*
701 "dab" delete a '(' ')' block *dab*
702 "dip" delete inner paragraph *dip*
703 "dap" delete a paragraph *dap*
704 "diB" delete inner '{' '}' block *diB*
705 "daB" delete a '{' '}' block *daB*
706
707Note the difference between using a movement command and an object. The
708movement command operates from here (cursor position) to where the movement
709takes us. When using an object the whole object is operated upon, no matter
710where on the object the cursor is. For example, compare "dw" and "daw": "dw"
711deletes from the cursor position to the start of the next word, "daw" deletes
712the word under the cursor and the space after or before it.
713
Bram Moolenaar6c131c42005-07-19 22:17:30 +0000714
715Tag blocks *tag-blocks*
716
717For the "it" and "at" text objects an attempt is done to select blocks between
718matching tags for HTML and XML. But since these are not completely compatible
719there are a few restrictions.
720
721The normal method is to select a <tag> until the matching </tag>. For "at"
722the tags are included, for "it" they are excluded. But when "it" is repeated
Bram Moolenaar06a89a52006-04-29 22:01:03 +0000723the tags will be included (otherwise nothing would change). Also, "it" used
724on a tag block with no contents will select the leading tag.
Bram Moolenaar6c131c42005-07-19 22:17:30 +0000725
726"<aaa/>" items are skipped. Case is ignored, also for XML where case does
727matter.
728
729In HTML it is possible to have a tag like <br> or <meta ...> without a
730matching end tag. These are ignored.
731
732The text objects are tolerant about mistakes. Stray end tags are ignored.
733
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000734==============================================================================
7357. Marks *mark-motions* *E20* *E78*
736
737Jumping to a mark can be done in two ways:
7381. With ` (backtick): The cursor is positioned at the specified location
739 and the motion is |exclusive|.
7402. With ' (single quote): The cursor is positioned on the first non-blank
741 character in the line of the specified location and
742 the motion is linewise.
743
744 *m* *mark* *Mark*
745m{a-zA-Z} Set mark {a-zA-Z} at cursor position (does not move
746 the cursor, this is not a motion command).
747
748 *m'* *m`*
749m' or m` Set the previous context mark. This can be jumped to
750 with the "''" or "``" command (does not move the
751 cursor, this is not a motion command).
752
753 *m[* *m]*
754m[ or m] Set the |'[| or |']| mark. Useful when an operator is
755 to be simulated by multiple commands. (does not move
756 the cursor, this is not a motion command).
757
Bram Moolenaar30b65812012-07-12 22:01:11 +0200758 *m<* *m>*
759m< or m> Set the |'<| or |'>| mark. Useful to change what the
760 `gv` command selects. (does not move the cursor, this
761 is not a motion command).
762 Note that the Visual mode cannot be set, only the
763 start and end position.
764
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000765 *:ma* *:mark* *E191*
Bram Moolenaar69a7cb42004-06-20 12:51:53 +0000766:[range]ma[rk] {a-zA-Z'}
767 Set mark {a-zA-Z'} at last line number in [range],
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000768 column 0. Default is cursor line.
769
770 *:k*
Bram Moolenaar69a7cb42004-06-20 12:51:53 +0000771:[range]k{a-zA-Z'} Same as :mark, but the space before the mark name can
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000772 be omitted.
773
774 *'* *'a* *`* *`a*
Bram Moolenaar9964e462007-05-05 17:54:07 +0000775'{a-z} `{a-z} Jump to the mark {a-z} in the current buffer.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000776
777 *'A* *'0* *`A* *`0*
Bram Moolenaar9964e462007-05-05 17:54:07 +0000778'{A-Z0-9} `{A-Z0-9} To the mark {A-Z0-9} in the file where it was set (not
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200779 a motion command when in another file).
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000780
781 *g'* *g'a* *g`* *g`a*
782g'{mark} g`{mark}
783 Jump to the {mark}, but don't change the jumplist when
784 jumping within the current buffer. Example: >
785 g`"
786< jumps to the last known position in a file. See
Bram Moolenaar69a7cb42004-06-20 12:51:53 +0000787 $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim.
788 Also see |:keepjumps|.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000789
790 *:marks*
791:marks List all the current marks (not a motion command).
792 The |'(|, |')|, |'{| and |'}| marks are not listed.
Bram Moolenaar551dbcc2006-04-25 22:13:59 +0000793 The first column has number zero.
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200794
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000795 *E283*
796:marks {arg} List the marks that are mentioned in {arg} (not a
797 motion command). For example: >
798 :marks aB
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200799< to list marks 'a' and 'B'.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000800
Bram Moolenaarc0197e22004-09-13 20:26:32 +0000801 *:delm* *:delmarks*
Bram Moolenaarc9b4b052006-04-30 18:54:39 +0000802:delm[arks] {marks} Delete the specified marks. Marks that can be deleted
Bram Moolenaarc0197e22004-09-13 20:26:32 +0000803 include A-Z and 0-9. You cannot delete the ' mark.
804 They can be specified by giving the list of mark
805 names, or with a range, separated with a dash. Spaces
806 are ignored. Examples: >
807 :delmarks a deletes mark a
808 :delmarks a b 1 deletes marks a, b and 1
809 :delmarks Aa deletes marks A and a
810 :delmarks p-z deletes marks in the range p to z
811 :delmarks ^.[] deletes marks ^ . [ ]
812 :delmarks \" deletes mark "
Bram Moolenaarc0197e22004-09-13 20:26:32 +0000813
814:delm[arks]! Delete all marks for the current buffer, but not marks
815 A-Z or 0-9.
Bram Moolenaarc0197e22004-09-13 20:26:32 +0000816
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000817A mark is not visible in any way. It is just a position in the file that is
818remembered. Do not confuse marks with named registers, they are totally
819unrelated.
820
821'a - 'z lowercase marks, valid within one file
822'A - 'Z uppercase marks, also called file marks, valid between files
823'0 - '9 numbered marks, set from .viminfo file
824
825Lowercase marks 'a to 'z are remembered as long as the file remains in the
826buffer list. If you remove the file from the buffer list, all its marks are
827lost. If you delete a line that contains a mark, that mark is erased.
828
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000829Lowercase marks can be used in combination with operators. For example: "d't"
830deletes the lines from the cursor position to mark 't'. Hint: Use mark 't' for
831Top, 'b' for Bottom, etc.. Lowercase marks are restored when using undo and
832redo.
833
834Uppercase marks 'A to 'Z include the file name. {Vi: no uppercase marks} You
835can use them to jump from file to file. You can only use an uppercase mark
836with an operator if the mark is in the current file. The line number of the
837mark remains correct, even if you insert/delete lines or edit another file for
838a moment. When the 'viminfo' option is not empty, uppercase marks are kept in
839the .viminfo file. See |viminfo-file-marks|.
840
841Numbered marks '0 to '9 are quite different. They can not be set directly.
842They are only present when using a viminfo file |viminfo-file|. Basically '0
843is the location of the cursor when you last exited Vim, '1 the last but one
844time, etc. Use the "r" flag in 'viminfo' to specify files for which no
845Numbered mark should be stored. See |viminfo-file-marks|.
846
847
848 *'[* *`[*
849'[ `[ To the first character of the previously changed
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200850 or yanked text.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000851
852 *']* *`]*
853'] `] To the last character of the previously changed or
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200854 yanked text.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000855
856After executing an operator the Cursor is put at the beginning of the text
857that was operated upon. After a put command ("p" or "P") the cursor is
858sometimes placed at the first inserted line and sometimes on the last inserted
859character. The four commands above put the cursor at either end. Example:
860After yanking 10 lines you want to go to the last one of them: "10Y']". After
861inserting several lines with the "p" command you want to jump to the lowest
862inserted line: "p']". This also works for text that has been inserted.
863
864Note: After deleting text, the start and end positions are the same, except
865when using blockwise Visual mode. These commands do not work when no change
866was made yet in the current file.
867
868 *'<* *`<*
Bram Moolenaare37d50a2008-08-06 17:06:04 +0000869'< `< To the first line or character of the last selected
870 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it
871 may also be the last character in the first line (to
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200872 be able to define the block).
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000873
874 *'>* *`>*
Bram Moolenaare37d50a2008-08-06 17:06:04 +0000875'> `> To the last line or character of the last selected
876 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it
877 may also be the first character of the last line (to
878 be able to define the block). Note that 'selection'
Bram Moolenaarc9b4b052006-04-30 18:54:39 +0000879 applies, the position may be just after the Visual
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200880 area.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000881
882 *''* *``*
Bram Moolenaar293ee4d2004-12-09 21:34:53 +0000883'' `` To the position before the latest jump, or where the
884 last "m'" or "m`" command was given. Not set when the
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000885 |:keepjumps| command modifier was used.
886 Also see |restore-position|.
887
888 *'quote* *`quote*
889'" `" To the cursor position when last exiting the current
890 buffer. Defaults to the first character of the first
891 line. See |last-position-jump| for how to use this
892 for each opened file.
893 Only one position is remembered per buffer, not one
894 for each window. As long as the buffer is visible in
895 a window the position won't be changed.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000896
897 *'^* *`^*
898'^ `^ To the position where the cursor was the last time
Bram Moolenaar81695252004-12-29 20:58:21 +0000899 when Insert mode was stopped. This is used by the
900 |gi| command. Not set when the |:keepjumps| command
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200901 modifier was used.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000902
903 *'.* *`.*
904'. `. To the position where the last change was made. The
905 position is at or near where the change started.
906 Sometimes a command is executed as several changes,
907 then the position can be near the end of what the
908 command changed. For example when inserting a word,
909 the position will be on the last character.
Bram Moolenaar51628222016-12-01 23:03:28 +0100910 To jump to older changes use |g;|.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000911
912 *'(* *`(*
913'( `( To the start of the current sentence, like the |(|
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200914 command.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000915
916 *')* *`)*
917') `) To the end of the current sentence, like the |)|
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200918 command.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000919
920 *'{* *`{*
921'{ `{ To the start of the current paragraph, like the |{|
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200922 command.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000923
924 *'}* *`}*
925'} `} To the end of the current paragraph, like the |}|
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200926 command.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000927
928These commands are not marks themselves, but jump to a mark:
929
930 *]'*
931]' [count] times to next line with a lowercase mark below
932 the cursor, on the first non-blank character in the
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200933 line.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000934
935 *]`*
936]` [count] times to lowercase mark after the cursor. {not
937 in Vi}
938
939 *['*
940[' [count] times to previous line with a lowercase mark
941 before the cursor, on the first non-blank character in
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +0200942 the line.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000943
944 *[`*
945[` [count] times to lowercase mark before the cursor.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000946
947
948:loc[kmarks] {command} *:loc* *:lockmarks*
949 Execute {command} without adjusting marks. This is
950 useful when changing text in a way that the line count
951 will be the same when the change has completed.
952 WARNING: When the line count does change, marks below
953 the change will keep their line number, thus move to
954 another text line.
955 These items will not be adjusted for deleted/inserted
956 lines:
957 - lower case letter marks 'a - 'z
958 - upper case letter marks 'A - 'Z
959 - numbered marks '0 - '9
960 - last insert position '^
961 - last change position '.
962 - the Visual area '< and '>
963 - line numbers in placed signs
964 - line numbers in quickfix positions
965 - positions in the |jumplist|
966 - positions in the |tagstack|
967 These items will still be adjusted:
968 - previous context mark ''
969 - the cursor position
970 - the view of a window on a buffer
971 - folds
972 - diffs
973
974:kee[pmarks] {command} *:kee* *:keepmarks*
975 Currently only has effect for the filter command
976 |:range!|:
977 - When the number of lines after filtering is equal to
978 or larger than before, all marks are kept at the
979 same line number.
980 - When the number of lines decreases, the marks in the
Bram Moolenaar69a7cb42004-06-20 12:51:53 +0000981 lines that disappeared are deleted.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000982 In any case the marks below the filtered text have
983 their line numbers adjusted, thus stick to the text,
984 as usual.
985 When the 'R' flag is missing from 'cpoptions' this has
986 the same effect as using ":keepmarks".
987
988 *:keepj* *:keepjumps*
989:keepj[umps] {command}
Bram Moolenaar69a7cb42004-06-20 12:51:53 +0000990 Moving around in {command} does not change the |''|,
991 |'.| and |'^| marks, the |jumplist| or the
992 |changelist|.
993 Useful when making a change or inserting text
994 automatically and the user doesn't want to go to this
995 position. E.g., when updating a "Last change"
996 timestamp in the first line: >
997
Bram Moolenaare5180522005-12-10 20:19:46 +0000998 :let lnum = line(".")
Bram Moolenaar69a7cb42004-06-20 12:51:53 +0000999 :keepjumps normal gg
1000 :call SetLastChange()
1001 :keepjumps exe "normal " . lnum . "G"
1002<
1003 Note that ":keepjumps" must be used for every command.
1004 When invoking a function the commands in that function
Bram Moolenaarc9b4b052006-04-30 18:54:39 +00001005 can still change the jumplist. Also, for
Bram Moolenaar13065c42005-01-08 16:08:21 +00001006 ":keepjumps exe 'command '" the "command" won't keep
1007 jumps. Instead use: ":exe 'keepjumps command'"
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001008
1009==============================================================================
10108. Jumps *jump-motions*
1011
Bram Moolenaarb477af22018-07-15 20:20:18 +02001012A "jump" is a command that normally moves the cursor several lines away. If
1013you make the cursor "jump" the position of the cursor before the jump is
Bram Moolenaar26967612019-03-17 17:13:16 +01001014remembered. You can return to that position with the "''" and "``" commands,
Bram Moolenaarb477af22018-07-15 20:20:18 +02001015unless the line containing that position was changed or deleted. The
1016following commands are "jump" commands: "'", "`", "G", "/", "?", "n", "N",
1017"%", "(", ")", "[[", "]]", "{", "}", ":s", ":tag", "L", "M", "H" and the
Bram Moolenaarf0d58ef2018-11-16 16:13:44 +01001018commands that start editing a new file.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001019
1020 *CTRL-O*
1021CTRL-O Go to [count] Older cursor position in jump list
Bram Moolenaarc95a3022016-06-12 23:01:46 +02001022 (not a motion command).
Bram Moolenaardb84e452010-08-15 13:50:43 +02001023 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature}
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001024
1025<Tab> or *CTRL-I* *<Tab>*
1026CTRL-I Go to [count] newer cursor position in jump list
1027 (not a motion command).
Bram Moolenaardb84e452010-08-15 13:50:43 +02001028 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature}
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001029
1030 *:ju* *:jumps*
Bram Moolenaarc95a3022016-06-12 23:01:46 +02001031:ju[mps] Print the jump list (not a motion command).
Bram Moolenaarc95a3022016-06-12 23:01:46 +02001032 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature}
1033
1034 *:cle* *:clearjumps*
1035:cle[arjumps] Clear the jump list of the current window.
Bram Moolenaarc95a3022016-06-12 23:01:46 +02001036 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature}
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001037
1038 *jumplist*
1039Jumps are remembered in a jump list. With the CTRL-O and CTRL-I command you
1040can go to cursor positions before older jumps, and back again. Thus you can
1041move up and down the list. There is a separate jump list for each window.
1042The maximum number of entries is fixed at 100.
Bram Moolenaardb84e452010-08-15 13:50:43 +02001043{not available without the |+jumplist| feature}
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001044
1045For example, after three jump commands you have this jump list:
1046
Bram Moolenaar2a8a3ec2011-01-08 16:06:37 +01001047 jump line col file/text ~
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001048 3 1 0 some text ~
1049 2 70 0 another line ~
1050 1 1154 23 end. ~
1051 > ~
1052
Bram Moolenaar2a8a3ec2011-01-08 16:06:37 +01001053The "file/text" column shows the file name, or the text at the jump if it is
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001054in the current file (an indent is removed and a long line is truncated to fit
1055in the window).
1056
1057You are currently in line 1167. If you then use the CTRL-O command, the
1058cursor is put in line 1154. This results in:
1059
Bram Moolenaar2a8a3ec2011-01-08 16:06:37 +01001060 jump line col file/text ~
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001061 2 1 0 some text ~
1062 1 70 0 another line ~
1063 > 0 1154 23 end. ~
1064 1 1167 0 foo bar ~
1065
1066The pointer will be set at the last used jump position. The next CTRL-O
1067command will use the entry above it, the next CTRL-I command will use the
1068entry below it. If the pointer is below the last entry, this indicates that
1069you did not use a CTRL-I or CTRL-O before. In this case the CTRL-O command
1070will cause the cursor position to be added to the jump list, so you can get
1071back to the position before the CTRL-O. In this case this is line 1167.
1072
1073With more CTRL-O commands you will go to lines 70 and 1. If you use CTRL-I
1074you can go back to 1154 and 1167 again. Note that the number in the "jump"
1075column indicates the count for the CTRL-O or CTRL-I command that takes you to
1076this position.
1077
1078If you use a jump command, the current line number is inserted at the end of
1079the jump list. If the same line was already in the jump list, it is removed.
1080The result is that when repeating CTRL-O you will get back to old positions
1081only once.
1082
1083When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used, jumps are not stored in the
Bram Moolenaarc1e37902006-04-18 21:55:01 +00001084jumplist. Jumps are also not stored in other cases, e.g., in a |:global|
Bram Moolenaar9ba7e172013-07-17 22:37:26 +02001085command. You can explicitly add a jump by setting the ' mark with "m'". Note
1086that calling setpos() does not do this.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001087
1088After the CTRL-O command that got you into line 1154 you could give another
1089jump command (e.g., "G"). The jump list would then become:
1090
Bram Moolenaar2a8a3ec2011-01-08 16:06:37 +01001091 jump line col file/text ~
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001092 4 1 0 some text ~
1093 3 70 0 another line ~
1094 2 1167 0 foo bar ~
1095 1 1154 23 end. ~
1096 > ~
1097
1098The line numbers will be adjusted for deleted and inserted lines. This fails
1099if you stop editing a file without writing, like with ":n!".
1100
1101When you split a window, the jumplist will be copied to the new window.
1102
1103If you have included the ' item in the 'viminfo' option the jumplist will be
1104stored in the viminfo file and restored when starting Vim.
1105
1106
1107CHANGE LIST JUMPS *changelist* *change-list-jumps* *E664*
1108
1109When making a change the cursor position is remembered. One position is
1110remembered for every change that can be undone, unless it is close to a
1111previous change. Two commands can be used to jump to positions of changes,
1112also those that have been undone:
1113
1114 *g;* *E662*
1115g; Go to [count] older position in change list.
1116 If [count] is larger than the number of older change
1117 positions go to the oldest change.
1118 If there is no older change an error message is given.
1119 (not a motion command)
Bram Moolenaardb84e452010-08-15 13:50:43 +02001120 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature}
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001121
1122 *g,* *E663*
1123g, Go to [count] newer cursor position in change list.
Bram Moolenaar402d2fe2005-04-15 21:00:38 +00001124 Just like |g;| but in the opposite direction.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001125 (not a motion command)
Bram Moolenaardb84e452010-08-15 13:50:43 +02001126 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature}
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001127
1128When using a count you jump as far back or forward as possible. Thus you can
1129use "999g;" to go to the first change for which the position is still
1130remembered. The number of entries in the change list is fixed and is the same
1131as for the |jumplist|.
1132
1133When two undo-able changes are in the same line and at a column position less
1134than 'textwidth' apart only the last one is remembered. This avoids that a
1135sequence of small changes in a line, for example "xxxxx", adds many positions
1136to the change list. When 'textwidth' is zero 'wrapmargin' is used. When that
1137also isn't set a fixed number of 79 is used. Detail: For the computations
1138bytes are used, not characters, to avoid a speed penalty (this only matters
1139for multi-byte encodings).
1140
1141Note that when text has been inserted or deleted the cursor position might be
1142a bit different from the position of the change. Especially when lines have
1143been deleted.
1144
1145When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used the position of a change is not
1146remembered.
1147
1148 *:changes*
1149:changes Print the change list. A ">" character indicates the
1150 current position. Just after a change it is below the
Bram Moolenaara9604e62018-07-21 05:56:22 +02001151 newest entry, indicating that `g;` takes you to the
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001152 newest entry position. The first column indicates the
1153 count needed to take you to this position. Example:
1154
1155 change line col text ~
1156 3 9 8 bla bla bla
1157 2 11 57 foo is a bar
1158 1 14 54 the latest changed line
1159 >
1160
Bram Moolenaara9604e62018-07-21 05:56:22 +02001161 The `3g;` command takes you to line 9. Then the
1162 output of `:changes` is:
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001163
1164 change line col text ~
1165 > 0 9 8 bla bla bla
1166 1 11 57 foo is a bar
1167 2 14 54 the latest changed line
1168
1169 Now you can use "g," to go to line 11 and "2g," to go
1170 to line 14.
1171
1172==============================================================================
11739. Various motions *various-motions*
1174
1175 *%*
1176% Find the next item in this line after or under the
1177 cursor and jump to its match. |inclusive| motion.
1178 Items can be:
1179 ([{}]) parenthesis or (curly/square) brackets
1180 (this can be changed with the
1181 'matchpairs' option)
1182 /* */ start or end of C-style comment
1183 #if, #ifdef, #else, #elif, #endif
1184 C preprocessor conditionals (when the
1185 cursor is on the # or no ([{
1186 following)
1187 For other items the matchit plugin can be used, see
Bram Moolenaar446cb832008-06-24 21:56:24 +00001188 |matchit-install|. This plugin also helps to skip
1189 matches in comments.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001190
1191 When 'cpoptions' contains "M" |cpo-M| backslashes
1192 before parens and braces are ignored. Without "M" the
1193 number of backslashes matters: an even number doesn't
1194 match with an odd number. Thus in "( \) )" and "\( (
1195 \)" the first and last parenthesis match.
Bram Moolenaar446cb832008-06-24 21:56:24 +00001196
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001197 When the '%' character is not present in 'cpoptions'
1198 |cpo-%|, parens and braces inside double quotes are
1199 ignored, unless the number of parens/braces in a line
1200 is uneven and this line and the previous one does not
1201 end in a backslash. '(', '{', '[', ']', '}' and ')'
1202 are also ignored (parens and braces inside single
1203 quotes). Note that this works fine for C, but not for
1204 Perl, where single quotes are used for strings.
Bram Moolenaar446cb832008-06-24 21:56:24 +00001205
1206 Nothing special is done for matches in comments. You
1207 can either use the matchit plugin |matchit-install| or
1208 put quotes around matches.
1209
1210 No count is allowed, {count}% jumps to a line {count}
1211 percentage down the file |N%|. Using '%' on
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001212 #if/#else/#endif makes the movement linewise.
1213
1214 *[(*
1215[( go to [count] previous unmatched '('.
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +02001216 |exclusive| motion.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001217
1218 *[{*
1219[{ go to [count] previous unmatched '{'.
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +02001220 |exclusive| motion.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001221
1222 *])*
1223]) go to [count] next unmatched ')'.
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +02001224 |exclusive| motion.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001225
1226 *]}*
1227]} go to [count] next unmatched '}'.
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +02001228 |exclusive| motion.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001229
1230The above four commands can be used to go to the start or end of the current
1231code block. It is like doing "%" on the '(', ')', '{' or '}' at the other
1232end of the code block, but you can do this from anywhere in the code block.
1233Very useful for C programs. Example: When standing on "case x:", "[{" will
1234bring you back to the switch statement.
1235
1236 *]m*
1237]m Go to [count] next start of a method (for Java or
1238 similar structured language). When not before the
1239 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the
1240 class. When no '{' is found after the cursor, this is
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +02001241 an error. |exclusive| motion.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001242 *]M*
1243]M Go to [count] next end of a method (for Java or
1244 similar structured language). When not before the end
1245 of a method, jump to the start or end of the class.
1246 When no '}' is found after the cursor, this is an
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +02001247 error. |exclusive| motion.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001248 *[m*
1249[m Go to [count] previous start of a method (for Java or
1250 similar structured language). When not after the
1251 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the
1252 class. When no '{' is found before the cursor this is
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +02001253 an error. |exclusive| motion.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001254 *[M*
1255[M Go to [count] previous end of a method (for Java or
1256 similar structured language). When not after the
1257 end of a method, jump to the start or end of the
1258 class. When no '}' is found before the cursor this is
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +02001259 an error. |exclusive| motion.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001260
1261The above two commands assume that the file contains a class with methods.
1262The class definition is surrounded in '{' and '}'. Each method in the class
1263is also surrounded with '{' and '}'. This applies to the Java language. The
1264file looks like this: >
1265
1266 // comment
1267 class foo {
1268 int method_one() {
1269 body_one();
1270 }
1271 int method_two() {
1272 body_two();
1273 }
1274 }
1275Starting with the cursor on "body_two()", using "[m" will jump to the '{' at
1276the start of "method_two()" (obviously this is much more useful when the
1277method is long!). Using "2[m" will jump to the start of "method_one()".
1278Using "3[m" will jump to the start of the class.
1279
1280 *[#*
1281[# go to [count] previous unmatched "#if" or "#else".
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +02001282 |exclusive| motion.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001283
1284 *]#*
1285]# go to [count] next unmatched "#else" or "#endif".
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +02001286 |exclusive| motion.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001287
1288These two commands work in C programs that contain #if/#else/#endif
1289constructs. It brings you to the start or end of the #if/#else/#endif where
1290the current line is included. You can then use "%" to go to the matching line.
1291
1292 *[star* *[/*
1293[* or [/ go to [count] previous start of a C comment "/*".
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +02001294 |exclusive| motion.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001295
1296 *]star* *]/*
1297]* or ]/ go to [count] next end of a C comment "*/".
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +02001298 |exclusive| motion.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001299
1300
1301 *H*
1302H To line [count] from top (Home) of window (default:
1303 first line on the window) on the first non-blank
1304 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option.
Bram Moolenaar44cc4cf2017-10-15 22:13:37 +02001305 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option, unless an
1306 operator is pending, in which case the text may
1307 scroll. E.g. "yH" yanks from the first visible line
1308 until the cursor line (inclusive).
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001309
1310 *M*
1311M To Middle line of window, on the first non-blank
1312 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option.
1313
1314 *L*
1315L To line [count] from bottom of window (default: Last
1316 line on the window) on the first non-blank character
1317 |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option.
Bram Moolenaar44cc4cf2017-10-15 22:13:37 +02001318 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option, unless an
1319 operator is pending, in which case the text may
1320 scroll. E.g. "yL" yanks from the cursor to the last
1321 visible line.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001322
1323<LeftMouse> Moves to the position on the screen where the mouse
Bram Moolenaar293ee4d2004-12-09 21:34:53 +00001324 click is |exclusive|. See also |<LeftMouse>|. If the
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001325 position is in a status line, that window is made the
Bram Moolenaar25c9c682019-05-05 18:13:34 +02001326 active window and the cursor is not moved.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001327
Bram Moolenaar91f84f62018-07-29 15:07:52 +02001328 vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: