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Bram Moolenaar9ba7e172013-07-17 22:37:26 +02001*motion.txt* For Vim version 7.4a. Last change: 2013 Jul 17
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00002
3
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
5
6
7Cursor motions *cursor-motions* *navigation*
8
9These commands move the cursor position. If the new position is off of the
10screen, the screen is scrolled to show the cursor (see also 'scrolljump' and
11'scrolloff' options).
12
131. Motions and operators |operator|
142. Left-right motions |left-right-motions|
153. Up-down motions |up-down-motions|
164. Word motions |word-motions|
175. Text object motions |object-motions|
186. Text object selection |object-select|
197. Marks |mark-motions|
208. Jumps |jump-motions|
219. Various motions |various-motions|
22
23General remarks:
24
25If you want to know where you are in the file use the "CTRL-G" command
26|CTRL-G| or the "g CTRL-G" command |g_CTRL-G|. If you set the 'ruler' option,
27the cursor position is continuously shown in the status line (which slows down
28Vim a little).
29
30Experienced users prefer the hjkl keys because they are always right under
31their fingers. Beginners often prefer the arrow keys, because they do not
32know what the hjkl keys do. The mnemonic value of hjkl is clear from looking
33at the keyboard. Think of j as an arrow pointing downwards.
34
35The 'virtualedit' option can be set to make it possible to move the cursor to
36positions where there is no character or halfway a character.
37
38==============================================================================
391. Motions and operators *operator*
40
41The motion commands can be used after an operator command, to have the command
42operate on the text that was moved over. That is the text between the cursor
43position before and after the motion. Operators are generally used to delete
44or change text. The following operators are available:
45
46 |c| c change
47 |d| d delete
48 |y| y yank into register (does not change the text)
49 |~| ~ swap case (only if 'tildeop' is set)
50 |g~| g~ swap case
51 |gu| gu make lowercase
52 |gU| gU make uppercase
53 |!| ! filter through an external program
54 |=| = filter through 'equalprg' or C-indenting if empty
55 |gq| gq text formatting
56 |g?| g? ROT13 encoding
57 |>| > shift right
58 |<| < shift left
59 |zf| zf define a fold
Bram Moolenaar6c35bea2012-07-25 17:49:10 +020060 |g@| g@ call function set with the 'operatorfunc' option
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +000061
62If the motion includes a count and the operator also had a count before it,
63the two counts are multiplied. For example: "2d3w" deletes six words.
64
65After applying the operator the cursor is mostly left at the start of the text
66that was operated upon. For example, "yfe" doesn't move the cursor, but "yFe"
67moves the cursor leftwards to the "e" where the yank started.
68
69 *linewise* *characterwise*
70The operator either affects whole lines, or the characters between the start
71and end position. Generally, motions that move between lines affect lines
72(are linewise), and motions that move within a line affect characters (are
73characterwise). However, there are some exceptions.
74
75 *exclusive* *inclusive*
Bram Moolenaar78984f52005-08-01 07:19:10 +000076A character motion is either inclusive or exclusive. When inclusive, the
77start and end position of the motion are included in the operation. When
78exclusive, the last character towards the end of the buffer is not included.
79Linewise motions always include the start and end position.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +000080
Bram Moolenaar78984f52005-08-01 07:19:10 +000081Which motions are linewise, inclusive or exclusive is mentioned with the
82command. There are however, two general exceptions:
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000831. If the motion is exclusive and the end of the motion is in column 1, the
84 end of the motion is moved to the end of the previous line and the motion
85 becomes inclusive. Example: "}" moves to the first line after a paragraph,
86 but "d}" will not include that line.
Bram Moolenaar5eb86f92004-07-26 12:53:41 +000087 *exclusive-linewise*
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000882. If the motion is exclusive, the end of the motion is in column 1 and the
89 start of the motion was at or before the first non-blank in the line, the
90 motion becomes linewise. Example: If a paragraph begins with some blanks
91 and you do "d}" while standing on the first non-blank, all the lines of
92 the paragraph are deleted, including the blanks. If you do a put now, the
93 deleted lines will be inserted below the cursor position.
94
95Note that when the operator is pending (the operator command is typed, but the
96motion isn't yet), a special set of mappings can be used. See |:omap|.
97
98Instead of first giving the operator and then a motion you can use Visual
99mode: mark the start of the text with "v", move the cursor to the end of the
100text that is to be affected and then hit the operator. The text between the
101start and the cursor position is highlighted, so you can see what text will
102be operated upon. This allows much more freedom, but requires more key
103strokes and has limited redo functionality. See the chapter on Visual mode
104|Visual-mode|.
105
106You can use a ":" command for a motion. For example "d:call FindEnd()".
Bram Moolenaarac7bd632013-03-19 11:35:58 +0100107But this can't be repeated with "." if the command is more than one line.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000108This can be repeated: >
109 d:call search("f")<CR>
110This cannot be repeated: >
111 d:if 1<CR>
112 call search("f")<CR>
113 endif<CR>
Bram Moolenaarac7bd632013-03-19 11:35:58 +0100114Note that when using ":" any motion becomes characterwise exclusive.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000115
116
117FORCING A MOTION TO BE LINEWISE, CHARACTERWISE OR BLOCKWISE
118
119When a motion is not of the type you would like to use, you can force another
120type by using "v", "V" or CTRL-V just after the operator.
121Example: >
122 dj
123deletes two lines >
124 dvj
125deletes from the cursor position until the character below the cursor >
126 d<C-V>j
127deletes the character under the cursor and the character below the cursor. >
128
129Be careful with forcing a linewise movement to be used characterwise or
130blockwise, the column may not always be defined.
131
132 *o_v*
133v When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force
134 the operator to work characterwise, also when the motion is
135 linewise. If the motion was linewise, it will become
136 |exclusive|.
137 If the motion already was characterwise, toggle
138 inclusive/exclusive. This can be used to make an exclusive
139 motion inclusive and an inclusive motion exclusive.
140
141 *o_V*
142V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force
143 the operator to work linewise, also when the motion is
144 characterwise.
145
146 *o_CTRL-V*
147CTRL-V When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force
148 the operator to work blockwise. This works like Visual block
149 mode selection, with the corners defined by the cursor
150 position before and after the motion.
151
152==============================================================================
1532. Left-right motions *left-right-motions*
154
Bram Moolenaar8f3f58f2010-01-06 20:52:26 +0100155These commands move the cursor to the specified column in the current line.
156They stop at the first column and at the end of the line, except "$", which
157may move to one of the next lines. See 'whichwrap' option to make some of the
158commands move across line boundaries.
159
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000160h or *h*
161<Left> or *<Left>*
162CTRL-H or *CTRL-H* *<BS>*
163<BS> [count] characters to the left. |exclusive| motion.
164 Note: If you prefer <BS> to delete a character, use
165 the mapping:
166 :map CTRL-V<BS> X
167 (to enter "CTRL-V<BS>" type the CTRL-V key, followed
168 by the <BS> key)
169 See |:fixdel| if the <BS> key does not do what you
170 want.
171
172l or *l*
173<Right> or *<Right>* *<Space>*
174<Space> [count] characters to the right. |exclusive| motion.
175
176 *0*
1770 To the first character of the line. |exclusive|
Bram Moolenaar9964e462007-05-05 17:54:07 +0000178 motion.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000179
180 *<Home>* *<kHome>*
181<Home> To the first character of the line. |exclusive|
Bram Moolenaar9964e462007-05-05 17:54:07 +0000182 motion. When moving up or down next, stay in same
183 TEXT column (if possible). Most other commands stay
184 in the same SCREEN column. <Home> works like "1|",
185 which differs from "0" when the line starts with a
186 <Tab>. {not in Vi}
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000187
188 *^*
189^ To the first non-blank character of the line.
190 |exclusive| motion.
191
192 *$* *<End>* *<kEnd>*
193$ or <End> To the end of the line. When a count is given also go
194 [count - 1] lines downward |inclusive|.
195 In Visual mode the cursor goes to just after the last
196 character in the line.
197 When 'virtualedit' is active, "$" may move the cursor
198 back from past the end of the line to the last
199 character in the line.
200
201 *g_*
202g_ To the last non-blank character of the line and
203 [count - 1] lines downward |inclusive|. {not in Vi}
204
205 *g0* *g<Home>*
206g0 or g<Home> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first character of
207 the screen line. |exclusive| motion. Differs from
208 "0" when a line is wider than the screen.
209 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost
210 character of the current line that is on the screen.
211 Differs from "0" when the first character of the line
212 is not on the screen. {not in Vi}
213
214 *g^*
215g^ When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first non-blank
216 character of the screen line. |exclusive| motion.
217 Differs from "^" when a line is wider than the screen.
218 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost
219 non-blank character of the current line that is on the
220 screen. Differs from "^" when the first non-blank
221 character of the line is not on the screen. {not in
222 Vi}
223
224 *gm*
225gm Like "g0", but half a screenwidth to the right (or as
226 much as possible). {not in Vi}
227
228 *g$* *g<End>*
229g$ or g<End> When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the last character of
230 the screen line and [count - 1] screen lines downward
231 |inclusive|. Differs from "$" when a line is wider
232 than the screen.
233 When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the rightmost
234 character of the current line that is visible on the
235 screen. Differs from "$" when the last character of
236 the line is not on the screen or when a count is used.
237 Additionally, vertical movements keep the column,
238 instead of going to the end of the line.
Bram Moolenaar9ba7e172013-07-17 22:37:26 +0200239 When 'virtualedit' is enabled moves to the end of the
240 screen line.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000241 {not in Vi}
242
243 *bar*
244| To screen column [count] in the current line.
Bram Moolenaar8f3f58f2010-01-06 20:52:26 +0100245 |exclusive| motion. Ceci n'est pas une pipe.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000246
247 *f*
248f{char} To [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the right. The
249 cursor is placed on {char} |inclusive|.
250 {char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|.
251 When 'encoding' is set to Unicode, composing
252 characters may be used, see |utf-8-char-arg|.
253 |:lmap| mappings apply to {char}. The CTRL-^ command
254 in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off
255 |i_CTRL-^|.
256
257 *F*
258F{char} To the [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the left.
Bram Moolenaar78984f52005-08-01 07:19:10 +0000259 The cursor is placed on {char} |exclusive|.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000260 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command.
261
262 *t*
263t{char} Till before [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the
264 right. The cursor is placed on the character left of
265 {char} |inclusive|.
266 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command.
267
268 *T*
269T{char} Till after [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the
270 left. The cursor is placed on the character right of
Bram Moolenaar78984f52005-08-01 07:19:10 +0000271 {char} |exclusive|.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000272 {char} can be entered like with the |f| command.
273
274 *;*
Bram Moolenaar8b3e0332011-06-26 05:36:34 +0200275; Repeat latest f, t, F or T [count] times. See |cpo-;|
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000276
277 *,*
278, Repeat latest f, t, F or T in opposite direction
Bram Moolenaar8b3e0332011-06-26 05:36:34 +0200279 [count] times. See also |cpo-;|
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000280
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000281==============================================================================
2823. Up-down motions *up-down-motions*
283
284k or *k*
285<Up> or *<Up>* *CTRL-P*
286CTRL-P [count] lines upward |linewise|.
287
288j or *j*
289<Down> or *<Down>*
290CTRL-J or *CTRL-J*
291<NL> or *<NL>* *CTRL-N*
292CTRL-N [count] lines downward |linewise|.
293
294gk or *gk* *g<Up>*
295g<Up> [count] display lines upward. |exclusive| motion.
296 Differs from 'k' when lines wrap, and when used with
297 an operator, because it's not linewise. {not in Vi}
298
299gj or *gj* *g<Down>*
300g<Down> [count] display lines downward. |exclusive| motion.
301 Differs from 'j' when lines wrap, and when used with
302 an operator, because it's not linewise. {not in Vi}
303
304 *-*
305- <minus> [count] lines upward, on the first non-blank
306 character |linewise|.
307
308+ or *+*
309CTRL-M or *CTRL-M* *<CR>*
310<CR> [count] lines downward, on the first non-blank
311 character |linewise|.
312
313 *_*
314_ <underscore> [count] - 1 lines downward, on the first non-blank
315 character |linewise|.
316
317 *G*
318G Goto line [count], default last line, on the first
319 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not
320 set, keep the same column.
Bram Moolenaar00a927d2010-05-14 23:24:24 +0200321 G is a one of |jump-motions|.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000322
323 *<C-End>*
324<C-End> Goto line [count], default last line, on the last
325 character |inclusive|. {not in Vi}
326
327<C-Home> or *gg* *<C-Home>*
328gg Goto line [count], default first line, on the first
329 non-blank character |linewise|. If 'startofline' not
330 set, keep the same column.
331
Bram Moolenaar9b451252012-08-15 17:43:31 +0200332 *:[range]*
Bram Moolenaar8f3f58f2010-01-06 20:52:26 +0100333:[range] Set the cursor on the last line number in [range].
334 [range] can also be just one line number, e.g., ":1"
335 or ":'m".
Bram Moolenaar00a927d2010-05-14 23:24:24 +0200336 In contrast with |G| this command does not modify the
337 |jumplist|.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000338 *N%*
339{count}% Go to {count} percentage in the file, on the first
340 non-blank in the line |linewise|. To compute the new
341 line number this formula is used:
342 ({count} * number-of-lines + 99) / 100
343 See also 'startofline' option. {not in Vi}
344
345:[range]go[to] [count] *:go* *:goto* *go*
346[count]go Go to {count} byte in the buffer. Default [count] is
347 one, start of the file. When giving [range], the
348 last number in it used as the byte count. End-of-line
349 characters are counted depending on the current
350 'fileformat' setting.
Bram Moolenaar251e1912011-06-19 05:09:16 +0200351 Also see the |line2byte()| function, and the 'o'
352 option in 'statusline'.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000353 {not in Vi}
354 {not available when compiled without the
355 |+byte_offset| feature}
356
357These commands move to the specified line. They stop when reaching the first
358or the last line. The first two commands put the cursor in the same column
359(if possible) as it was after the last command that changed the column,
360except after the "$" command, then the cursor will be put on the last
361character of the line.
362
Bram Moolenaar7c626922005-02-07 22:01:03 +0000363If "k", "-" or CTRL-P is used with a [count] and there are less than [count]
364lines above the cursor and the 'cpo' option includes the "-" flag it is an
365error. |cpo--|.
366
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000367==============================================================================
3684. Word motions *word-motions*
369
370<S-Right> or *<S-Right>* *w*
371w [count] words forward. |exclusive| motion.
372
373<C-Right> or *<C-Right>* *W*
374W [count] WORDS forward. |exclusive| motion.
375
376 *e*
377e Forward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|.
Bram Moolenaar446cb832008-06-24 21:56:24 +0000378 Does not stop in an empty line.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000379
380 *E*
381E Forward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|.
Bram Moolenaar446cb832008-06-24 21:56:24 +0000382 Does not stop in an empty line.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000383
384<S-Left> or *<S-Left>* *b*
385b [count] words backward. |exclusive| motion.
386
387<C-Left> or *<C-Left>* *B*
388B [count] WORDS backward. |exclusive| motion.
389
390 *ge*
391ge Backward to the end of word [count] |inclusive|.
392
393 *gE*
394gE Backward to the end of WORD [count] |inclusive|.
395
396These commands move over words or WORDS.
397 *word*
398A word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores, or a
399sequence of other non-blank characters, separated with white space (spaces,
Bram Moolenaar4770d092006-01-12 23:22:24 +0000400tabs, <EOL>). This can be changed with the 'iskeyword' option. An empty line
401is also considered to be a word.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000402 *WORD*
403A WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white
Bram Moolenaar4770d092006-01-12 23:22:24 +0000404space. An empty line is also considered to be a WORD.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000405
406A sequence of folded lines is counted for one word of a single character.
407"w" and "W", "e" and "E" move to the start/end of the first word or WORD after
408a range of folded lines. "b" and "B" move to the start of the first word or
409WORD before the fold.
410
411Special case: "cw" and "cW" are treated like "ce" and "cE" if the cursor is
412on a non-blank. This is because "cw" is interpreted as change-word, and a
413word does not include the following white space. {Vi: "cw" when on a blank
414followed by other blanks changes only the first blank; this is probably a
415bug, because "dw" deletes all the blanks}
416
417Another special case: When using the "w" motion in combination with an
418operator and the last word moved over is at the end of a line, the end of
419that word becomes the end of the operated text, not the first word in the
420next line.
421
422The original Vi implementation of "e" is buggy. For example, the "e" command
423will stop on the first character of a line if the previous line was empty.
424But when you use "2e" this does not happen. In Vim "ee" and "2e" are the
425same, which is more logical. However, this causes a small incompatibility
426between Vi and Vim.
427
428==============================================================================
4295. Text object motions *object-motions*
430
431 *(*
432( [count] sentences backward. |exclusive| motion.
433
434 *)*
435) [count] sentences forward. |exclusive| motion.
436
437 *{*
438{ [count] paragraphs backward. |exclusive| motion.
439
440 *}*
441} [count] paragraphs forward. |exclusive| motion.
442
443 *]]*
444]] [count] sections forward or to the next '{' in the
Bram Moolenaar5eb86f92004-07-26 12:53:41 +0000445 first column. When used after an operator, then also
446 stops below a '}' in the first column. |exclusive|
447 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000448
449 *][*
450][ [count] sections forward or to the next '}' in the
Bram Moolenaar5eb86f92004-07-26 12:53:41 +0000451 first column. |exclusive|
452 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000453
454 *[[*
455[[ [count] sections backward or to the previous '{' in
Bram Moolenaar5eb86f92004-07-26 12:53:41 +0000456 the first column. |exclusive|
457 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000458
459 *[]*
460[] [count] sections backward or to the previous '}' in
Bram Moolenaar5eb86f92004-07-26 12:53:41 +0000461 the first column. |exclusive|
462 Note that |exclusive-linewise| often applies.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000463
464These commands move over three kinds of text objects.
465
466 *sentence*
467A sentence is defined as ending at a '.', '!' or '?' followed by either the
468end of a line, or by a space or tab. Any number of closing ')', ']', '"'
469and ''' characters may appear after the '.', '!' or '?' before the spaces,
470tabs or end of line. A paragraph and section boundary is also a sentence
471boundary.
472If the 'J' flag is present in 'cpoptions', at least two spaces have to
473follow the punctuation mark; <Tab>s are not recognized as white space.
474The definition of a sentence cannot be changed.
475
476 *paragraph*
477A paragraph begins after each empty line, and also at each of a set of
478paragraph macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the 'paragraphs'
Bram Moolenaar446cb832008-06-24 21:56:24 +0000479option. The default is "IPLPPPQPP TPHPLIPpLpItpplpipbp", which corresponds to
480the macros ".IP", ".LP", etc. (These are nroff macros, so the dot must be in
481the first column). A section boundary is also a paragraph boundary.
Bram Moolenaar4399ef42005-02-12 14:29:27 +0000482Note that a blank line (only containing white space) is NOT a paragraph
483boundary.
484Also note that this does not include a '{' or '}' in the first column. When
485the '{' flag is in 'cpoptions' then '{' in the first column is used as a
486paragraph boundary |posix|.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000487
488 *section*
489A section begins after a form-feed (<C-L>) in the first column and at each of
490a set of section macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the
491'sections' option. The default is "SHNHH HUnhsh", which defines a section to
492start at the nroff macros ".SH", ".NH", ".H", ".HU", ".nh" and ".sh".
493
494The "]" and "[" commands stop at the '{' or '}' in the first column. This is
495useful to find the start or end of a function in a C program. Note that the
496first character of the command determines the search direction and the
497second character the type of brace found.
498
499If your '{' or '}' are not in the first column, and you would like to use "[["
500and "]]" anyway, try these mappings: >
501 :map [[ ?{<CR>w99[{
502 :map ][ /}<CR>b99]}
503 :map ]] j0[[%/{<CR>
504 :map [] k$][%?}<CR>
505[type these literally, see |<>|]
506
507==============================================================================
5086. Text object selection *object-select* *text-objects*
509 *v_a* *v_i*
510
511This is a series of commands that can only be used while in Visual mode or
512after an operator. The commands that start with "a" select "a"n object
513including white space, the commands starting with "i" select an "inner" object
514without white space, or just the white space. Thus the "inner" commands
515always select less text than the "a" commands.
516
517These commands are {not in Vi}.
518These commands are not available when the |+textobjects| feature has been
519disabled at compile time.
Bram Moolenaar6c35bea2012-07-25 17:49:10 +0200520Also see `gn` and `gN`, operating on the last search pattern.
521
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000522 *v_aw* *aw*
523aw "a word", select [count] words (see |word|).
524 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not
525 counted.
526 When used in Visual linewise mode "aw" switches to
527 Visual characterwise mode.
528
529 *v_iw* *iw*
530iw "inner word", select [count] words (see |word|).
531 White space between words is counted too.
532 When used in Visual linewise mode "iw" switches to
533 Visual characterwise mode.
534
535 *v_aW* *aW*
536aW "a WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|).
537 Leading or trailing white space is included, but not
538 counted.
539 When used in Visual linewise mode "aW" switches to
540 Visual characterwise mode.
541
542 *v_iW* *iW*
543iW "inner WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|).
544 White space between words is counted too.
545 When used in Visual linewise mode "iW" switches to
546 Visual characterwise mode.
547
548 *v_as* *as*
549as "a sentence", select [count] sentences (see
550 |sentence|).
551 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
552
553 *v_is* *is*
554is "inner sentence", select [count] sentences (see
555 |sentence|).
556 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
557
558 *v_ap* *ap*
559ap "a paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see
560 |paragraph|).
561 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space)
562 is also a paragraph boundary.
563 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise.
564
565 *v_ip* *ip*
566ip "inner paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see
567 |paragraph|).
568 Exception: a blank line (only containing white space)
569 is also a paragraph boundary.
570 When used in Visual mode it is made linewise.
571
572a] *v_a]* *v_a[* *a]* *a[*
573a[ "a [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This
574 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds
575 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected,
576 including the '[' and ']'.
577 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
578
579i] *v_i]* *v_i[* *i]* *i[*
580i[ "inner [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks. This
581 goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds
582 the matching ']'. The enclosed text is selected,
583 excluding the '[' and ']'.
584 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
585
586a) *v_a)* *a)* *a(*
587a( *v_ab* *v_a(* *ab*
588ab "a block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" to
589 the matching ')', including the '(' and ')' (see
590 |[(|). Does not include white space outside of the
591 parenthesis.
592 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
593
594i) *v_i)* *i)* *i(*
595i( *v_ib* *v_i(* *ib*
596ib "inner block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [("
597 to the matching ')', excluding the '(' and ')' (see
598 |[(|).
599 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
600
601a> *v_a>* *v_a<* *a>* *a<*
602a< "a <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from the
603 [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching
604 '>', including the '<' and '>'.
605 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
606
607i> *v_i>* *v_i<* *i>* *i<*
608i< "inner <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from
609 the [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching
610 '>', excluding the '<' and '>'.
611 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
612
Bram Moolenaar6c131c42005-07-19 22:17:30 +0000613 *v_at* *at*
614at "a tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the
615 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching
616 "</aaa>", including the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>".
617 See |tag-blocks| about the details.
618 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
619
620 *v_it* *it*
621it "inner tag block", select [count] tag blocks, from the
622 [count]'th unmatched "<aaa>" backwards to the matching
623 "</aaa>", excluding the "<aaa>" and "</aaa>".
624 See |tag-blocks| about the details.
625 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
626
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000627a} *v_a}* *a}* *a{*
628a{ *v_aB* *v_a{* *aB*
629aB "a Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" to
630 the matching '}', including the '{' and '}' (see
631 |[{|).
632 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
633
634i} *v_i}* *i}* *i{*
635i{ *v_iB* *v_i{* *iB*
636iB "inner Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{"
637 to the matching '}', excluding the '{' and '}' (see
638 |[{|).
639 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
640
Bram Moolenaarcfbc5ee2004-07-02 15:38:35 +0000641a" *v_aquote* *aquote*
642a' *v_a'* *a'*
643a` *v_a`* *a`*
644 "a quoted string". Selects the text from the previous
Bram Moolenaar5a305422006-04-28 22:38:25 +0000645 quote until the next quote. The 'quoteescape' option
646 is used to skip escaped quotes.
647 Only works within one line.
Bram Moolenaarcfbc5ee2004-07-02 15:38:35 +0000648 When the cursor starts on a quote, Vim will figure out
649 which quote pairs form a string by searching from the
650 start of the line.
Bram Moolenaar8f3f58f2010-01-06 20:52:26 +0100651 Any trailing white space is included, unless there is
652 none, then leading white space is included.
Bram Moolenaarcfbc5ee2004-07-02 15:38:35 +0000653 When used in Visual mode it is made characterwise.
654 Repeating this object in Visual mode another string is
655 included. A count is currently not used.
656
657i" *v_iquote* *iquote*
658i' *v_i'* *i'*
659i` *v_i`* *i`*
660 Like a", a' and a`, but exclude the quotes and
661 repeating won't extend the Visual selection.
Bram Moolenaarab194812005-09-14 21:40:12 +0000662 Special case: With a count of 2 the quotes are
663 included, but no extra white space as with a"/a'/a`.
Bram Moolenaarcfbc5ee2004-07-02 15:38:35 +0000664
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000665When used after an operator:
666For non-block objects:
667 For the "a" commands: The operator applies to the object and the white
668 space after the object. If there is no white space after the object
669 or when the cursor was in the white space before the object, the white
670 space before the object is included.
671 For the "inner" commands: If the cursor was on the object, the
672 operator applies to the object. If the cursor was on white space, the
673 operator applies to the white space.
674For a block object:
675 The operator applies to the block where the cursor is in, or the block
676 on which the cursor is on one of the braces. For the "inner" commands
677 the surrounding braces are excluded. For the "a" commands, the braces
678 are included.
679
680When used in Visual mode:
681When start and end of the Visual area are the same (just after typing "v"):
682 One object is selected, the same as for using an operator.
683When start and end of the Visual area are not the same:
684 For non-block objects the area is extended by one object or the white
685 space up to the next object, or both for the "a" objects. The
686 direction in which this happens depends on which side of the Visual
687 area the cursor is. For the block objects the block is extended one
688 level outwards.
689
690For illustration, here is a list of delete commands, grouped from small to big
691objects. Note that for a single character and a whole line the existing vi
692movement commands are used.
693 "dl" delete character (alias: "x") |dl|
694 "diw" delete inner word *diw*
695 "daw" delete a word *daw*
696 "diW" delete inner WORD (see |WORD|) *diW*
697 "daW" delete a WORD (see |WORD|) *daW*
Bram Moolenaar6c35bea2012-07-25 17:49:10 +0200698 "dgn" delete the next search pattern match *dgn*
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000699 "dd" delete one line |dd|
700 "dis" delete inner sentence *dis*
701 "das" delete a sentence *das*
702 "dib" delete inner '(' ')' block *dib*
703 "dab" delete a '(' ')' block *dab*
704 "dip" delete inner paragraph *dip*
705 "dap" delete a paragraph *dap*
706 "diB" delete inner '{' '}' block *diB*
707 "daB" delete a '{' '}' block *daB*
708
709Note the difference between using a movement command and an object. The
710movement command operates from here (cursor position) to where the movement
711takes us. When using an object the whole object is operated upon, no matter
712where on the object the cursor is. For example, compare "dw" and "daw": "dw"
713deletes from the cursor position to the start of the next word, "daw" deletes
714the word under the cursor and the space after or before it.
715
Bram Moolenaar6c131c42005-07-19 22:17:30 +0000716
717Tag blocks *tag-blocks*
718
719For the "it" and "at" text objects an attempt is done to select blocks between
720matching tags for HTML and XML. But since these are not completely compatible
721there are a few restrictions.
722
723The normal method is to select a <tag> until the matching </tag>. For "at"
724the tags are included, for "it" they are excluded. But when "it" is repeated
Bram Moolenaar06a89a52006-04-29 22:01:03 +0000725the tags will be included (otherwise nothing would change). Also, "it" used
726on a tag block with no contents will select the leading tag.
Bram Moolenaar6c131c42005-07-19 22:17:30 +0000727
728"<aaa/>" items are skipped. Case is ignored, also for XML where case does
729matter.
730
731In HTML it is possible to have a tag like <br> or <meta ...> without a
732matching end tag. These are ignored.
733
734The text objects are tolerant about mistakes. Stray end tags are ignored.
735
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000736==============================================================================
7377. Marks *mark-motions* *E20* *E78*
738
739Jumping to a mark can be done in two ways:
7401. With ` (backtick): The cursor is positioned at the specified location
741 and the motion is |exclusive|.
7422. With ' (single quote): The cursor is positioned on the first non-blank
743 character in the line of the specified location and
744 the motion is linewise.
745
746 *m* *mark* *Mark*
747m{a-zA-Z} Set mark {a-zA-Z} at cursor position (does not move
748 the cursor, this is not a motion command).
749
750 *m'* *m`*
751m' or m` Set the previous context mark. This can be jumped to
752 with the "''" or "``" command (does not move the
753 cursor, this is not a motion command).
754
755 *m[* *m]*
756m[ or m] Set the |'[| or |']| mark. Useful when an operator is
757 to be simulated by multiple commands. (does not move
758 the cursor, this is not a motion command).
759
Bram Moolenaar30b65812012-07-12 22:01:11 +0200760 *m<* *m>*
761m< or m> Set the |'<| or |'>| mark. Useful to change what the
762 `gv` command selects. (does not move the cursor, this
763 is not a motion command).
764 Note that the Visual mode cannot be set, only the
765 start and end position.
766
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000767 *:ma* *:mark* *E191*
Bram Moolenaar69a7cb42004-06-20 12:51:53 +0000768:[range]ma[rk] {a-zA-Z'}
769 Set mark {a-zA-Z'} at last line number in [range],
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000770 column 0. Default is cursor line.
771
772 *:k*
Bram Moolenaar69a7cb42004-06-20 12:51:53 +0000773:[range]k{a-zA-Z'} Same as :mark, but the space before the mark name can
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000774 be omitted.
775
776 *'* *'a* *`* *`a*
Bram Moolenaar9964e462007-05-05 17:54:07 +0000777'{a-z} `{a-z} Jump to the mark {a-z} in the current buffer.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000778
779 *'A* *'0* *`A* *`0*
Bram Moolenaar9964e462007-05-05 17:54:07 +0000780'{A-Z0-9} `{A-Z0-9} To the mark {A-Z0-9} in the file where it was set (not
781 a motion command when in another file). {not in Vi}
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000782
783 *g'* *g'a* *g`* *g`a*
784g'{mark} g`{mark}
785 Jump to the {mark}, but don't change the jumplist when
786 jumping within the current buffer. Example: >
787 g`"
788< jumps to the last known position in a file. See
Bram Moolenaar69a7cb42004-06-20 12:51:53 +0000789 $VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim.
790 Also see |:keepjumps|.
791 {not in Vi}
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000792
793 *:marks*
794:marks List all the current marks (not a motion command).
795 The |'(|, |')|, |'{| and |'}| marks are not listed.
Bram Moolenaar551dbcc2006-04-25 22:13:59 +0000796 The first column has number zero.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000797 {not in Vi}
798 *E283*
799:marks {arg} List the marks that are mentioned in {arg} (not a
800 motion command). For example: >
801 :marks aB
802< to list marks 'a' and 'B'. {not in Vi}
803
Bram Moolenaarc0197e22004-09-13 20:26:32 +0000804 *:delm* *:delmarks*
Bram Moolenaarc9b4b052006-04-30 18:54:39 +0000805:delm[arks] {marks} Delete the specified marks. Marks that can be deleted
Bram Moolenaarc0197e22004-09-13 20:26:32 +0000806 include A-Z and 0-9. You cannot delete the ' mark.
807 They can be specified by giving the list of mark
808 names, or with a range, separated with a dash. Spaces
809 are ignored. Examples: >
810 :delmarks a deletes mark a
811 :delmarks a b 1 deletes marks a, b and 1
812 :delmarks Aa deletes marks A and a
813 :delmarks p-z deletes marks in the range p to z
814 :delmarks ^.[] deletes marks ^ . [ ]
815 :delmarks \" deletes mark "
816< {not in Vi}
817
818:delm[arks]! Delete all marks for the current buffer, but not marks
819 A-Z or 0-9.
820 {not in Vi}
821
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000822A mark is not visible in any way. It is just a position in the file that is
823remembered. Do not confuse marks with named registers, they are totally
824unrelated.
825
826'a - 'z lowercase marks, valid within one file
827'A - 'Z uppercase marks, also called file marks, valid between files
828'0 - '9 numbered marks, set from .viminfo file
829
830Lowercase marks 'a to 'z are remembered as long as the file remains in the
831buffer list. If you remove the file from the buffer list, all its marks are
832lost. If you delete a line that contains a mark, that mark is erased.
833
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000834Lowercase marks can be used in combination with operators. For example: "d't"
835deletes the lines from the cursor position to mark 't'. Hint: Use mark 't' for
836Top, 'b' for Bottom, etc.. Lowercase marks are restored when using undo and
837redo.
838
839Uppercase marks 'A to 'Z include the file name. {Vi: no uppercase marks} You
840can use them to jump from file to file. You can only use an uppercase mark
841with an operator if the mark is in the current file. The line number of the
842mark remains correct, even if you insert/delete lines or edit another file for
843a moment. When the 'viminfo' option is not empty, uppercase marks are kept in
844the .viminfo file. See |viminfo-file-marks|.
845
846Numbered marks '0 to '9 are quite different. They can not be set directly.
847They are only present when using a viminfo file |viminfo-file|. Basically '0
848is the location of the cursor when you last exited Vim, '1 the last but one
849time, etc. Use the "r" flag in 'viminfo' to specify files for which no
850Numbered mark should be stored. See |viminfo-file-marks|.
851
852
853 *'[* *`[*
854'[ `[ To the first character of the previously changed
855 or yanked text. {not in Vi}
856
857 *']* *`]*
858'] `] To the last character of the previously changed or
859 yanked text. {not in Vi}
860
861After executing an operator the Cursor is put at the beginning of the text
862that was operated upon. After a put command ("p" or "P") the cursor is
863sometimes placed at the first inserted line and sometimes on the last inserted
864character. The four commands above put the cursor at either end. Example:
865After yanking 10 lines you want to go to the last one of them: "10Y']". After
866inserting several lines with the "p" command you want to jump to the lowest
867inserted line: "p']". This also works for text that has been inserted.
868
869Note: After deleting text, the start and end positions are the same, except
870when using blockwise Visual mode. These commands do not work when no change
871was made yet in the current file.
872
873 *'<* *`<*
Bram Moolenaare37d50a2008-08-06 17:06:04 +0000874'< `< To the first line or character of the last selected
875 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it
876 may also be the last character in the first line (to
877 be able to define the block). {not in Vi}.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000878
879 *'>* *`>*
Bram Moolenaare37d50a2008-08-06 17:06:04 +0000880'> `> To the last line or character of the last selected
881 Visual area in the current buffer. For block mode it
882 may also be the first character of the last line (to
883 be able to define the block). Note that 'selection'
Bram Moolenaarc9b4b052006-04-30 18:54:39 +0000884 applies, the position may be just after the Visual
885 area. {not in Vi}.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000886
887 *''* *``*
Bram Moolenaar293ee4d2004-12-09 21:34:53 +0000888'' `` To the position before the latest jump, or where the
889 last "m'" or "m`" command was given. Not set when the
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000890 |:keepjumps| command modifier was used.
891 Also see |restore-position|.
892
893 *'quote* *`quote*
894'" `" To the cursor position when last exiting the current
895 buffer. Defaults to the first character of the first
896 line. See |last-position-jump| for how to use this
897 for each opened file.
898 Only one position is remembered per buffer, not one
899 for each window. As long as the buffer is visible in
900 a window the position won't be changed.
901 {not in Vi}.
902
903 *'^* *`^*
904'^ `^ To the position where the cursor was the last time
Bram Moolenaar81695252004-12-29 20:58:21 +0000905 when Insert mode was stopped. This is used by the
906 |gi| command. Not set when the |:keepjumps| command
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000907 modifier was used. {not in Vi}
908
909 *'.* *`.*
910'. `. To the position where the last change was made. The
911 position is at or near where the change started.
912 Sometimes a command is executed as several changes,
913 then the position can be near the end of what the
914 command changed. For example when inserting a word,
915 the position will be on the last character.
916 {not in Vi}
917
918 *'(* *`(*
919'( `( To the start of the current sentence, like the |(|
920 command. {not in Vi}
921
922 *')* *`)*
923') `) To the end of the current sentence, like the |)|
924 command. {not in Vi}
925
926 *'{* *`{*
927'{ `{ To the start of the current paragraph, like the |{|
928 command. {not in Vi}
929
930 *'}* *`}*
931'} `} To the end of the current paragraph, like the |}|
932 command. {not in Vi}
933
934These commands are not marks themselves, but jump to a mark:
935
936 *]'*
937]' [count] times to next line with a lowercase mark below
938 the cursor, on the first non-blank character in the
939 line. {not in Vi}
940
941 *]`*
942]` [count] times to lowercase mark after the cursor. {not
943 in Vi}
944
945 *['*
946[' [count] times to previous line with a lowercase mark
947 before the cursor, on the first non-blank character in
948 the line. {not in Vi}
949
950 *[`*
951[` [count] times to lowercase mark before the cursor.
952 {not in Vi}
953
954
955:loc[kmarks] {command} *:loc* *:lockmarks*
956 Execute {command} without adjusting marks. This is
957 useful when changing text in a way that the line count
958 will be the same when the change has completed.
959 WARNING: When the line count does change, marks below
960 the change will keep their line number, thus move to
961 another text line.
962 These items will not be adjusted for deleted/inserted
963 lines:
964 - lower case letter marks 'a - 'z
965 - upper case letter marks 'A - 'Z
966 - numbered marks '0 - '9
967 - last insert position '^
968 - last change position '.
969 - the Visual area '< and '>
970 - line numbers in placed signs
971 - line numbers in quickfix positions
972 - positions in the |jumplist|
973 - positions in the |tagstack|
974 These items will still be adjusted:
975 - previous context mark ''
976 - the cursor position
977 - the view of a window on a buffer
978 - folds
979 - diffs
980
981:kee[pmarks] {command} *:kee* *:keepmarks*
982 Currently only has effect for the filter command
983 |:range!|:
984 - When the number of lines after filtering is equal to
985 or larger than before, all marks are kept at the
986 same line number.
987 - When the number of lines decreases, the marks in the
Bram Moolenaar69a7cb42004-06-20 12:51:53 +0000988 lines that disappeared are deleted.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +0000989 In any case the marks below the filtered text have
990 their line numbers adjusted, thus stick to the text,
991 as usual.
992 When the 'R' flag is missing from 'cpoptions' this has
993 the same effect as using ":keepmarks".
994
995 *:keepj* *:keepjumps*
996:keepj[umps] {command}
Bram Moolenaar69a7cb42004-06-20 12:51:53 +0000997 Moving around in {command} does not change the |''|,
998 |'.| and |'^| marks, the |jumplist| or the
999 |changelist|.
1000 Useful when making a change or inserting text
1001 automatically and the user doesn't want to go to this
1002 position. E.g., when updating a "Last change"
1003 timestamp in the first line: >
1004
Bram Moolenaare5180522005-12-10 20:19:46 +00001005 :let lnum = line(".")
Bram Moolenaar69a7cb42004-06-20 12:51:53 +00001006 :keepjumps normal gg
1007 :call SetLastChange()
1008 :keepjumps exe "normal " . lnum . "G"
1009<
1010 Note that ":keepjumps" must be used for every command.
1011 When invoking a function the commands in that function
Bram Moolenaarc9b4b052006-04-30 18:54:39 +00001012 can still change the jumplist. Also, for
Bram Moolenaar13065c42005-01-08 16:08:21 +00001013 ":keepjumps exe 'command '" the "command" won't keep
1014 jumps. Instead use: ":exe 'keepjumps command'"
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001015
1016==============================================================================
10178. Jumps *jump-motions*
1018
1019A "jump" is one of the following commands: "'", "`", "G", "/", "?", "n",
1020"N", "%", "(", ")", "[[", "]]", "{", "}", ":s", ":tag", "L", "M", "H" and
1021the commands that start editing a new file. If you make the cursor "jump"
1022with one of these commands, the position of the cursor before the jump is
1023remembered. You can return to that position with the "''" and "``" command,
1024unless the line containing that position was changed or deleted.
1025
1026 *CTRL-O*
1027CTRL-O Go to [count] Older cursor position in jump list
1028 (not a motion command). {not in Vi}
Bram Moolenaardb84e452010-08-15 13:50:43 +02001029 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature}
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001030
1031<Tab> or *CTRL-I* *<Tab>*
1032CTRL-I Go to [count] newer cursor position in jump list
1033 (not a motion command).
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001034 {not in Vi}
Bram Moolenaardb84e452010-08-15 13:50:43 +02001035 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature}
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001036
1037 *:ju* *:jumps*
1038:ju[mps] Print the jump list (not a motion command). {not in
Bram Moolenaardb84e452010-08-15 13:50:43 +02001039 Vi} {not available without the |+jumplist| feature}
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001040
1041 *jumplist*
1042Jumps are remembered in a jump list. With the CTRL-O and CTRL-I command you
1043can go to cursor positions before older jumps, and back again. Thus you can
1044move up and down the list. There is a separate jump list for each window.
1045The maximum number of entries is fixed at 100.
Bram Moolenaardb84e452010-08-15 13:50:43 +02001046{not available without the |+jumplist| feature}
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001047
1048For example, after three jump commands you have this jump list:
1049
Bram Moolenaar2a8a3ec2011-01-08 16:06:37 +01001050 jump line col file/text ~
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001051 3 1 0 some text ~
1052 2 70 0 another line ~
1053 1 1154 23 end. ~
1054 > ~
1055
Bram Moolenaar2a8a3ec2011-01-08 16:06:37 +01001056The "file/text" column shows the file name, or the text at the jump if it is
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001057in the current file (an indent is removed and a long line is truncated to fit
1058in the window).
1059
1060You are currently in line 1167. If you then use the CTRL-O command, the
1061cursor is put in line 1154. This results in:
1062
Bram Moolenaar2a8a3ec2011-01-08 16:06:37 +01001063 jump line col file/text ~
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001064 2 1 0 some text ~
1065 1 70 0 another line ~
1066 > 0 1154 23 end. ~
1067 1 1167 0 foo bar ~
1068
1069The pointer will be set at the last used jump position. The next CTRL-O
1070command will use the entry above it, the next CTRL-I command will use the
1071entry below it. If the pointer is below the last entry, this indicates that
1072you did not use a CTRL-I or CTRL-O before. In this case the CTRL-O command
1073will cause the cursor position to be added to the jump list, so you can get
1074back to the position before the CTRL-O. In this case this is line 1167.
1075
1076With more CTRL-O commands you will go to lines 70 and 1. If you use CTRL-I
1077you can go back to 1154 and 1167 again. Note that the number in the "jump"
1078column indicates the count for the CTRL-O or CTRL-I command that takes you to
1079this position.
1080
1081If you use a jump command, the current line number is inserted at the end of
1082the jump list. If the same line was already in the jump list, it is removed.
1083The result is that when repeating CTRL-O you will get back to old positions
1084only once.
1085
1086When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used, jumps are not stored in the
Bram Moolenaarc1e37902006-04-18 21:55:01 +00001087jumplist. Jumps are also not stored in other cases, e.g., in a |:global|
Bram Moolenaar9ba7e172013-07-17 22:37:26 +02001088command. You can explicitly add a jump by setting the ' mark with "m'". Note
1089that calling setpos() does not do this.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001090
1091After the CTRL-O command that got you into line 1154 you could give another
1092jump command (e.g., "G"). The jump list would then become:
1093
Bram Moolenaar2a8a3ec2011-01-08 16:06:37 +01001094 jump line col file/text ~
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001095 4 1 0 some text ~
1096 3 70 0 another line ~
1097 2 1167 0 foo bar ~
1098 1 1154 23 end. ~
1099 > ~
1100
1101The line numbers will be adjusted for deleted and inserted lines. This fails
1102if you stop editing a file without writing, like with ":n!".
1103
1104When you split a window, the jumplist will be copied to the new window.
1105
1106If you have included the ' item in the 'viminfo' option the jumplist will be
1107stored in the viminfo file and restored when starting Vim.
1108
1109
1110CHANGE LIST JUMPS *changelist* *change-list-jumps* *E664*
1111
1112When making a change the cursor position is remembered. One position is
1113remembered for every change that can be undone, unless it is close to a
1114previous change. Two commands can be used to jump to positions of changes,
1115also those that have been undone:
1116
1117 *g;* *E662*
1118g; Go to [count] older position in change list.
1119 If [count] is larger than the number of older change
1120 positions go to the oldest change.
1121 If there is no older change an error message is given.
1122 (not a motion command)
1123 {not in Vi}
Bram Moolenaardb84e452010-08-15 13:50:43 +02001124 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature}
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001125
1126 *g,* *E663*
1127g, Go to [count] newer cursor position in change list.
Bram Moolenaar402d2fe2005-04-15 21:00:38 +00001128 Just like |g;| but in the opposite direction.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001129 (not a motion command)
1130 {not in Vi}
Bram Moolenaardb84e452010-08-15 13:50:43 +02001131 {not available without the |+jumplist| feature}
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001132
1133When using a count you jump as far back or forward as possible. Thus you can
1134use "999g;" to go to the first change for which the position is still
1135remembered. The number of entries in the change list is fixed and is the same
1136as for the |jumplist|.
1137
1138When two undo-able changes are in the same line and at a column position less
1139than 'textwidth' apart only the last one is remembered. This avoids that a
1140sequence of small changes in a line, for example "xxxxx", adds many positions
1141to the change list. When 'textwidth' is zero 'wrapmargin' is used. When that
1142also isn't set a fixed number of 79 is used. Detail: For the computations
1143bytes are used, not characters, to avoid a speed penalty (this only matters
1144for multi-byte encodings).
1145
1146Note that when text has been inserted or deleted the cursor position might be
1147a bit different from the position of the change. Especially when lines have
1148been deleted.
1149
1150When the |:keepjumps| command modifier is used the position of a change is not
1151remembered.
1152
1153 *:changes*
1154:changes Print the change list. A ">" character indicates the
1155 current position. Just after a change it is below the
1156 newest entry, indicating that "g;" takes you to the
1157 newest entry position. The first column indicates the
1158 count needed to take you to this position. Example:
1159
1160 change line col text ~
1161 3 9 8 bla bla bla
1162 2 11 57 foo is a bar
1163 1 14 54 the latest changed line
1164 >
1165
1166 The "3g;" command takes you to line 9. Then the
1167 output of ":changes is:
1168
1169 change line col text ~
1170 > 0 9 8 bla bla bla
1171 1 11 57 foo is a bar
1172 2 14 54 the latest changed line
1173
1174 Now you can use "g," to go to line 11 and "2g," to go
1175 to line 14.
1176
1177==============================================================================
11789. Various motions *various-motions*
1179
1180 *%*
1181% Find the next item in this line after or under the
1182 cursor and jump to its match. |inclusive| motion.
1183 Items can be:
1184 ([{}]) parenthesis or (curly/square) brackets
1185 (this can be changed with the
1186 'matchpairs' option)
1187 /* */ start or end of C-style comment
1188 #if, #ifdef, #else, #elif, #endif
1189 C preprocessor conditionals (when the
1190 cursor is on the # or no ([{
1191 following)
1192 For other items the matchit plugin can be used, see
Bram Moolenaar446cb832008-06-24 21:56:24 +00001193 |matchit-install|. This plugin also helps to skip
1194 matches in comments.
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001195
1196 When 'cpoptions' contains "M" |cpo-M| backslashes
1197 before parens and braces are ignored. Without "M" the
1198 number of backslashes matters: an even number doesn't
1199 match with an odd number. Thus in "( \) )" and "\( (
1200 \)" the first and last parenthesis match.
Bram Moolenaar446cb832008-06-24 21:56:24 +00001201
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001202 When the '%' character is not present in 'cpoptions'
1203 |cpo-%|, parens and braces inside double quotes are
1204 ignored, unless the number of parens/braces in a line
1205 is uneven and this line and the previous one does not
1206 end in a backslash. '(', '{', '[', ']', '}' and ')'
1207 are also ignored (parens and braces inside single
1208 quotes). Note that this works fine for C, but not for
1209 Perl, where single quotes are used for strings.
Bram Moolenaar446cb832008-06-24 21:56:24 +00001210
1211 Nothing special is done for matches in comments. You
1212 can either use the matchit plugin |matchit-install| or
1213 put quotes around matches.
1214
1215 No count is allowed, {count}% jumps to a line {count}
1216 percentage down the file |N%|. Using '%' on
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001217 #if/#else/#endif makes the movement linewise.
1218
1219 *[(*
1220[( go to [count] previous unmatched '('.
1221 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi}
1222
1223 *[{*
1224[{ go to [count] previous unmatched '{'.
1225 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi}
1226
1227 *])*
1228]) go to [count] next unmatched ')'.
1229 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi}
1230
1231 *]}*
1232]} go to [count] next unmatched '}'.
1233 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi}
1234
1235The above four commands can be used to go to the start or end of the current
1236code block. It is like doing "%" on the '(', ')', '{' or '}' at the other
1237end of the code block, but you can do this from anywhere in the code block.
1238Very useful for C programs. Example: When standing on "case x:", "[{" will
1239bring you back to the switch statement.
1240
1241 *]m*
1242]m Go to [count] next start of a method (for Java or
1243 similar structured language). When not before the
1244 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the
1245 class. When no '{' is found after the cursor, this is
1246 an error. |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi}
1247 *]M*
1248]M Go to [count] next end of a method (for Java or
1249 similar structured language). When not before the end
1250 of a method, jump to the start or end of the class.
1251 When no '}' is found after the cursor, this is an
1252 error. |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi}
1253 *[m*
1254[m Go to [count] previous start of a method (for Java or
1255 similar structured language). When not after the
1256 start of a method, jump to the start or end of the
1257 class. When no '{' is found before the cursor this is
1258 an error. |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi}
1259 *[M*
1260[M Go to [count] previous end of a method (for Java or
1261 similar structured language). When not after the
1262 end of a method, jump to the start or end of the
1263 class. When no '}' is found before the cursor this is
1264 an error. |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi}
1265
1266The above two commands assume that the file contains a class with methods.
1267The class definition is surrounded in '{' and '}'. Each method in the class
1268is also surrounded with '{' and '}'. This applies to the Java language. The
1269file looks like this: >
1270
1271 // comment
1272 class foo {
1273 int method_one() {
1274 body_one();
1275 }
1276 int method_two() {
1277 body_two();
1278 }
1279 }
1280Starting with the cursor on "body_two()", using "[m" will jump to the '{' at
1281the start of "method_two()" (obviously this is much more useful when the
1282method is long!). Using "2[m" will jump to the start of "method_one()".
1283Using "3[m" will jump to the start of the class.
1284
1285 *[#*
1286[# go to [count] previous unmatched "#if" or "#else".
1287 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi}
1288
1289 *]#*
1290]# go to [count] next unmatched "#else" or "#endif".
1291 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi}
1292
1293These two commands work in C programs that contain #if/#else/#endif
1294constructs. It brings you to the start or end of the #if/#else/#endif where
1295the current line is included. You can then use "%" to go to the matching line.
1296
1297 *[star* *[/*
1298[* or [/ go to [count] previous start of a C comment "/*".
1299 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi}
1300
1301 *]star* *]/*
1302]* or ]/ go to [count] next end of a C comment "*/".
1303 |exclusive| motion. {not in Vi}
1304
1305
1306 *H*
1307H To line [count] from top (Home) of window (default:
1308 first line on the window) on the first non-blank
1309 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option.
1310 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option.
1311
1312 *M*
1313M To Middle line of window, on the first non-blank
1314 character |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option.
1315
1316 *L*
1317L To line [count] from bottom of window (default: Last
1318 line on the window) on the first non-blank character
1319 |linewise|. See also 'startofline' option.
1320 Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option.
1321
1322<LeftMouse> Moves to the position on the screen where the mouse
Bram Moolenaar293ee4d2004-12-09 21:34:53 +00001323 click is |exclusive|. See also |<LeftMouse>|. If the
Bram Moolenaar071d4272004-06-13 20:20:40 +00001324 position is in a status line, that window is made the
1325 active window and the cursor is not moved. {not in Vi}
1326
1327 vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:norl: