init/init.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#include "init.h"

#include <dirent.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <seccomp_policy.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/signalfd.h>
#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
#include <android-base/file.h>
#include <android-base/logging.h>
#include <android-base/properties.h>
#include <android-base/strings.h>
#include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
#include <keyutils.h>
#include <libavb/libavb.h>
#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
#include <selinux/android.h>

#include <memory>
#include <optional>

#include "import_parser.h"
#include "init_first_stage.h"
#include "keychords.h"
#include "log.h"
#include "property_service.h"
#include "reboot.h"
#include "security.h"
#include "selinux.h"
#include "sigchld_handler.h"
#include "ueventd.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "watchdogd.h"

using namespace std::string_literals;

using android::base::boot_clock;
using android::base::GetProperty;
using android::base::Timer;

namespace android {
namespace init {

static int property_triggers_enabled = 0;

static char qemu[32];

std::string default_console = "/dev/console";

static int epoll_fd = -1;
static int sigterm_signal_fd = -1;

static std::unique_ptr<Timer> waiting_for_prop(nullptr);
static std::string wait_prop_name;
static std::string wait_prop_value;
static bool shutting_down;
static std::string shutdown_command;
static bool do_shutdown = false;

std::vector<std::string> late_import_paths;

static std::vector<Subcontext>* subcontexts;

void DumpState() {
    ServiceList::GetInstance().DumpState();
    ActionManager::GetInstance().DumpState();
}

Parser CreateParser(ActionManager& action_manager, ServiceList& service_list) {
    Parser parser;

    parser.AddSectionParser("service", std::make_unique<ServiceParser>(&service_list, subcontexts));
    parser.AddSectionParser("on", std::make_unique<ActionParser>(&action_manager, subcontexts));
    parser.AddSectionParser("import", std::make_unique<ImportParser>(&parser));

    return parser;
}

static void LoadBootScripts(ActionManager& action_manager, ServiceList& service_list) {
    Parser parser = CreateParser(action_manager, service_list);

    std::string bootscript = GetProperty("ro.boot.init_rc", "");
    if (bootscript.empty()) {
        parser.ParseConfig("/init.rc");
        if (!parser.ParseConfig("/system/etc/init")) {
            late_import_paths.emplace_back("/system/etc/init");
        }
        if (!parser.ParseConfig("/vendor/etc/init")) {
            late_import_paths.emplace_back("/vendor/etc/init");
        }
        if (!parser.ParseConfig("/odm/etc/init")) {
            late_import_paths.emplace_back("/odm/etc/init");
        }
    } else {
        parser.ParseConfig(bootscript);
    }
}

void register_epoll_handler(int fd, void (*fn)()) {
    epoll_event ev;
    ev.events = EPOLLIN;
    ev.data.ptr = reinterpret_cast<void*>(fn);
    if (epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &ev) == -1) {
        PLOG(ERROR) << "epoll_ctl failed";
    }
}

bool start_waiting_for_property(const char *name, const char *value)
{
    if (waiting_for_prop) {
        return false;
    }
    if (GetProperty(name, "") != value) {
        // Current property value is not equal to expected value
        wait_prop_name = name;
        wait_prop_value = value;
        waiting_for_prop.reset(new Timer());
    } else {
        LOG(INFO) << "start_waiting_for_property(\""
                  << name << "\", \"" << value << "\"): already set";
    }
    return true;
}

void ResetWaitForProp() {
    wait_prop_name.clear();
    wait_prop_value.clear();
    waiting_for_prop.reset();
}

void property_changed(const std::string& name, const std::string& value) {
    // If the property is sys.powerctl, we bypass the event queue and immediately handle it.
    // This is to ensure that init will always and immediately shutdown/reboot, regardless of
    // if there are other pending events to process or if init is waiting on an exec service or
    // waiting on a property.
    // In non-thermal-shutdown case, 'shutdown' trigger will be fired to let device specific
    // commands to be executed.
    if (name == "sys.powerctl") {
        // Despite the above comment, we can't call HandlePowerctlMessage() in this function,
        // because it modifies the contents of the action queue, which can cause the action queue
        // to get into a bad state if this function is called from a command being executed by the
        // action queue.  Instead we set this flag and ensure that shutdown happens before the next
        // command is run in the main init loop.
        // TODO: once property service is removed from init, this will never happen from a builtin,
        // but rather from a callback from the property service socket, in which case this hack can
        // go away.
        shutdown_command = value;
        do_shutdown = true;
    }

    if (property_triggers_enabled) ActionManager::GetInstance().QueuePropertyChange(name, value);

    if (waiting_for_prop) {
        if (wait_prop_name == name && wait_prop_value == value) {
            LOG(INFO) << "Wait for property took " << *waiting_for_prop;
            ResetWaitForProp();
        }
    }
}

static std::optional<boot_clock::time_point> RestartProcesses() {
    std::optional<boot_clock::time_point> next_process_restart_time;
    for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
        if (!(s->flags() & SVC_RESTARTING)) continue;

        auto restart_time = s->time_started() + 5s;
        if (boot_clock::now() > restart_time) {
            if (auto result = s->Start(); !result) {
                LOG(ERROR) << "Could not restart process '" << s->name() << "': " << result.error();
            }
        } else {
            if (!next_process_restart_time || restart_time < *next_process_restart_time) {
                next_process_restart_time = restart_time;
            }
        }
    }
    return next_process_restart_time;
}

void handle_control_message(const std::string& msg, const std::string& name) {
    Service* svc = ServiceList::GetInstance().FindService(name);
    if (svc == nullptr) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "no such service '" << name << "'";
        return;
    }

    if (msg == "start") {
        if (auto result = svc->Start(); !result) {
            LOG(ERROR) << "Could not ctl.start service '" << name << "': " << result.error();
        }
    } else if (msg == "stop") {
        svc->Stop();
    } else if (msg == "restart") {
        svc->Restart();
    } else {
        LOG(ERROR) << "unknown control msg '" << msg << "'";
    }
}

static Result<Success> wait_for_coldboot_done_action(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
    Timer t;

    LOG(VERBOSE) << "Waiting for " COLDBOOT_DONE "...";

    // Historically we had a 1s timeout here because we weren't otherwise
    // tracking boot time, and many OEMs made their sepolicy regular
    // expressions too expensive (http://b/19899875).

    // Now we're tracking boot time, just log the time taken to a system
    // property. We still panic if it takes more than a minute though,
    // because any build that slow isn't likely to boot at all, and we'd
    // rather any test lab devices fail back to the bootloader.
    if (wait_for_file(COLDBOOT_DONE, 60s) < 0) {
        LOG(FATAL) << "Timed out waiting for " COLDBOOT_DONE;
    }

    property_set("ro.boottime.init.cold_boot_wait", std::to_string(t.duration().count()));
    return Success();
}

static Result<Success> keychord_init_action(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
    keychord_init();
    return Success();
}

static Result<Success> console_init_action(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
    std::string console = GetProperty("ro.boot.console", "");
    if (!console.empty()) {
        default_console = "/dev/" + console;
    }
    return Success();
}

static void import_kernel_nv(const std::string& key, const std::string& value, bool for_emulator) {
    if (key.empty()) return;

    if (for_emulator) {
        // In the emulator, export any kernel option with the "ro.kernel." prefix.
        property_set("ro.kernel." + key, value);
        return;
    }

    if (key == "qemu") {
        strlcpy(qemu, value.c_str(), sizeof(qemu));
    } else if (android::base::StartsWith(key, "androidboot.")) {
        property_set("ro.boot." + key.substr(12), value);
    }
}

static void export_oem_lock_status() {
    if (!android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.oem_unlock_supported", false)) {
        return;
    }

    std::string value = GetProperty("ro.boot.verifiedbootstate", "");

    if (!value.empty()) {
        property_set("ro.boot.flash.locked", value == "orange" ? "0" : "1");
    }
}

static void export_kernel_boot_props() {
    struct {
        const char *src_prop;
        const char *dst_prop;
        const char *default_value;
    } prop_map[] = {
        { "ro.boot.serialno",   "ro.serialno",   "", },
        { "ro.boot.mode",       "ro.bootmode",   "unknown", },
        { "ro.boot.baseband",   "ro.baseband",   "unknown", },
        { "ro.boot.bootloader", "ro.bootloader", "unknown", },
        { "ro.boot.hardware",   "ro.hardware",   "unknown", },
        { "ro.boot.revision",   "ro.revision",   "0", },
    };
    for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(prop_map); i++) {
        std::string value = GetProperty(prop_map[i].src_prop, "");
        property_set(prop_map[i].dst_prop, (!value.empty()) ? value : prop_map[i].default_value);
    }
}

static void process_kernel_dt() {
    if (!is_android_dt_value_expected("compatible", "android,firmware")) {
        return;
    }

    std::unique_ptr<DIR, int (*)(DIR*)> dir(opendir(get_android_dt_dir().c_str()), closedir);
    if (!dir) return;

    std::string dt_file;
    struct dirent *dp;
    while ((dp = readdir(dir.get())) != NULL) {
        if (dp->d_type != DT_REG || !strcmp(dp->d_name, "compatible") || !strcmp(dp->d_name, "name")) {
            continue;
        }

        std::string file_name = get_android_dt_dir() + dp->d_name;

        android::base::ReadFileToString(file_name, &dt_file);
        std::replace(dt_file.begin(), dt_file.end(), ',', '.');

        property_set("ro.boot."s + dp->d_name, dt_file);
    }
}

static void process_kernel_cmdline() {
    // The first pass does the common stuff, and finds if we are in qemu.
    // The second pass is only necessary for qemu to export all kernel params
    // as properties.
    import_kernel_cmdline(false, import_kernel_nv);
    if (qemu[0]) import_kernel_cmdline(true, import_kernel_nv);
}

static Result<Success> property_enable_triggers_action(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
    /* Enable property triggers. */
    property_triggers_enabled = 1;
    return Success();
}

static Result<Success> queue_property_triggers_action(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
    ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueBuiltinAction(property_enable_triggers_action, "enable_property_trigger");
    ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueAllPropertyActions();
    return Success();
}

static void global_seccomp() {
    import_kernel_cmdline(false, [](const std::string& key, const std::string& value, bool in_qemu) {
        if (key == "androidboot.seccomp" && value == "global" && !set_global_seccomp_filter()) {
            LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to globally enable seccomp!";
        }
    });
}

// Set the UDC controller for the ConfigFS USB Gadgets.
// Read the UDC controller in use from "/sys/class/udc".
// In case of multiple UDC controllers select the first one.
static void set_usb_controller() {
    std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)>dir(opendir("/sys/class/udc"), closedir);
    if (!dir) return;

    dirent* dp;
    while ((dp = readdir(dir.get())) != nullptr) {
        if (dp->d_name[0] == '.') continue;

        property_set("sys.usb.controller", dp->d_name);
        break;
    }
}

static void InstallRebootSignalHandlers() {
    // Instead of panic'ing the kernel as is the default behavior when init crashes,
    // we prefer to reboot to bootloader on development builds, as this will prevent
    // boot looping bad configurations and allow both developers and test farms to easily
    // recover.
    struct sigaction action;
    memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));
    sigfillset(&action.sa_mask);
    action.sa_handler = [](int signal) {
        // These signal handlers are also caught for processes forked from init, however we do not
        // want them to trigger reboot, so we directly call _exit() for children processes here.
        if (getpid() != 1) {
            _exit(signal);
        }

        // Calling DoReboot() or LOG(FATAL) is not a good option as this is a signal handler.
        // RebootSystem uses syscall() which isn't actually async-signal-safe, but our only option
        // and probably good enough given this is already an error case and only enabled for
        // development builds.
        RebootSystem(ANDROID_RB_RESTART2, "bootloader");
    };
    action.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
    sigaction(SIGABRT, &action, nullptr);
    sigaction(SIGBUS, &action, nullptr);
    sigaction(SIGFPE, &action, nullptr);
    sigaction(SIGILL, &action, nullptr);
    sigaction(SIGSEGV, &action, nullptr);
#if defined(SIGSTKFLT)
    sigaction(SIGSTKFLT, &action, nullptr);
#endif
    sigaction(SIGSYS, &action, nullptr);
    sigaction(SIGTRAP, &action, nullptr);
}

static void HandleSigtermSignal() {
    signalfd_siginfo siginfo;
    ssize_t bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(sigterm_signal_fd, &siginfo, sizeof(siginfo)));
    if (bytes_read != sizeof(siginfo)) {
        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read siginfo from sigterm_signal_fd";
        return;
    }

    if (siginfo.ssi_pid != 0) {
        // Drop any userspace SIGTERM requests.
        LOG(DEBUG) << "Ignoring SIGTERM from pid " << siginfo.ssi_pid;
        return;
    }

    LOG(INFO) << "Handling SIGTERM, shutting system down";
    HandlePowerctlMessage("shutdown");
}

static void InstallSigtermHandler() {
    sigset_t mask;
    sigemptyset(&mask);
    sigaddset(&mask, SIGTERM);

    if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, nullptr) == -1) {
        PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to block SIGTERM";
    }

    sigterm_signal_fd = signalfd(-1, &mask, SFD_CLOEXEC);
    if (sigterm_signal_fd == -1) {
        PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to create signalfd for SIGTERM";
    }

    register_epoll_handler(sigterm_signal_fd, HandleSigtermSignal);
}

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    if (!strcmp(basename(argv[0]), "ueventd")) {
        return ueventd_main(argc, argv);
    }

    if (!strcmp(basename(argv[0]), "watchdogd")) {
        return watchdogd_main(argc, argv);
    }

    if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "subcontext")) {
        InitKernelLogging(argv);
        const BuiltinFunctionMap function_map;
        return SubcontextMain(argc, argv, &function_map);
    }

    if (REBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC) {
        InstallRebootSignalHandlers();
    }

    bool is_first_stage = (getenv("INIT_SECOND_STAGE") == nullptr);

    if (is_first_stage) {
        boot_clock::time_point start_time = boot_clock::now();

        // Clear the umask.
        umask(0);

        clearenv();
        setenv("PATH", _PATH_DEFPATH, 1);
        // Get the basic filesystem setup we need put together in the initramdisk
        // on / and then we'll let the rc file figure out the rest.
        mount("tmpfs", "/dev", "tmpfs", MS_NOSUID, "mode=0755");
        mkdir("/dev/pts", 0755);
        mkdir("/dev/socket", 0755);
        mount("devpts", "/dev/pts", "devpts", 0, NULL);
        #define MAKE_STR(x) __STRING(x)
        mount("proc", "/proc", "proc", 0, "hidepid=2,gid=" MAKE_STR(AID_READPROC));
        // Don't expose the raw commandline to unprivileged processes.
        chmod("/proc/cmdline", 0440);
        gid_t groups[] = { AID_READPROC };
        setgroups(arraysize(groups), groups);
        mount("sysfs", "/sys", "sysfs", 0, NULL);
        mount("selinuxfs", "/sys/fs/selinux", "selinuxfs", 0, NULL);

        mknod("/dev/kmsg", S_IFCHR | 0600, makedev(1, 11));

        if constexpr (WORLD_WRITABLE_KMSG) {
            mknod("/dev/kmsg_debug", S_IFCHR | 0622, makedev(1, 11));
        }

        mknod("/dev/random", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 8));
        mknod("/dev/urandom", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 9));

        // Now that tmpfs is mounted on /dev and we have /dev/kmsg, we can actually
        // talk to the outside world...
        InitKernelLogging(argv);

        LOG(INFO) << "init first stage started!";

        if (!DoFirstStageMount()) {
            LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to mount required partitions early ...";
        }

        SetInitAvbVersionInRecovery();

        // Enable seccomp if global boot option was passed (otherwise it is enabled in zygote).
        global_seccomp();

        // Set up SELinux, loading the SELinux policy.
        SelinuxSetupKernelLogging();
        SelinuxInitialize();

        // We're in the kernel domain, so re-exec init to transition to the init domain now
        // that the SELinux policy has been loaded.
        if (selinux_android_restorecon("/init", 0) == -1) {
            PLOG(FATAL) << "restorecon failed of /init failed";
        }

        setenv("INIT_SECOND_STAGE", "true", 1);

        static constexpr uint32_t kNanosecondsPerMillisecond = 1e6;
        uint64_t start_ms = start_time.time_since_epoch().count() / kNanosecondsPerMillisecond;
        setenv("INIT_STARTED_AT", std::to_string(start_ms).c_str(), 1);

        char* path = argv[0];
        char* args[] = { path, nullptr };
        execv(path, args);

        // execv() only returns if an error happened, in which case we
        // panic and never fall through this conditional.
        PLOG(FATAL) << "execv(\"" << path << "\") failed";
    }

    // At this point we're in the second stage of init.
    InitKernelLogging(argv);
    LOG(INFO) << "init second stage started!";

    // Set up a session keyring that all processes will have access to. It
    // will hold things like FBE encryption keys. No process should override
    // its session keyring.
    keyctl_get_keyring_ID(KEY_SPEC_SESSION_KEYRING, 1);

    // Indicate that booting is in progress to background fw loaders, etc.
    close(open("/dev/.booting", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_CLOEXEC, 0000));

    property_init();

    // If arguments are passed both on the command line and in DT,
    // properties set in DT always have priority over the command-line ones.
    process_kernel_dt();
    process_kernel_cmdline();

    // Propagate the kernel variables to internal variables
    // used by init as well as the current required properties.
    export_kernel_boot_props();

    // Make the time that init started available for bootstat to log.
    property_set("ro.boottime.init", getenv("INIT_STARTED_AT"));
    property_set("ro.boottime.init.selinux", getenv("INIT_SELINUX_TOOK"));

    // Set libavb version for Framework-only OTA match in Treble build.
    const char* avb_version = getenv("INIT_AVB_VERSION");
    if (avb_version) property_set("ro.boot.avb_version", avb_version);

    // Clean up our environment.
    unsetenv("INIT_SECOND_STAGE");
    unsetenv("INIT_STARTED_AT");
    unsetenv("INIT_SELINUX_TOOK");
    unsetenv("INIT_AVB_VERSION");

    // Now set up SELinux for second stage.
    SelinuxSetupKernelLogging();
    SelabelInitialize();
    SelinuxRestoreContext();

    epoll_fd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
    if (epoll_fd == -1) {
        PLOG(FATAL) << "epoll_create1 failed";
    }

    sigchld_handler_init();

    if (!IsRebootCapable()) {
        // If init does not have the CAP_SYS_BOOT capability, it is running in a container.
        // In that case, receiving SIGTERM will cause the system to shut down.
        InstallSigtermHandler();
    }

    property_load_boot_defaults();
    export_oem_lock_status();
    start_property_service();
    set_usb_controller();

    const BuiltinFunctionMap function_map;
    Action::set_function_map(&function_map);

    subcontexts = InitializeSubcontexts();

    ActionManager& am = ActionManager::GetInstance();
    ServiceList& sm = ServiceList::GetInstance();

    LoadBootScripts(am, sm);

    // Turning this on and letting the INFO logging be discarded adds 0.2s to
    // Nexus 9 boot time, so it's disabled by default.
    if (false) DumpState();

    am.QueueEventTrigger("early-init");

    // Queue an action that waits for coldboot done so we know ueventd has set up all of /dev...
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(wait_for_coldboot_done_action, "wait_for_coldboot_done");
    // ... so that we can start queuing up actions that require stuff from /dev.
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(MixHwrngIntoLinuxRngAction, "MixHwrngIntoLinuxRng");
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(SetMmapRndBitsAction, "SetMmapRndBits");
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(SetKptrRestrictAction, "SetKptrRestrict");
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(keychord_init_action, "keychord_init");
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(console_init_action, "console_init");

    // Trigger all the boot actions to get us started.
    am.QueueEventTrigger("init");

    // Repeat mix_hwrng_into_linux_rng in case /dev/hw_random or /dev/random
    // wasn't ready immediately after wait_for_coldboot_done
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(MixHwrngIntoLinuxRngAction, "MixHwrngIntoLinuxRng");

    // Don't mount filesystems or start core system services in charger mode.
    std::string bootmode = GetProperty("ro.bootmode", "");
    if (bootmode == "charger") {
        am.QueueEventTrigger("charger");
    } else {
        am.QueueEventTrigger("late-init");
    }

    // Run all property triggers based on current state of the properties.
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(queue_property_triggers_action, "queue_property_triggers");

    while (true) {
        // By default, sleep until something happens.
        int epoll_timeout_ms = -1;

        if (do_shutdown && !shutting_down) {
            do_shutdown = false;
            if (HandlePowerctlMessage(shutdown_command)) {
                shutting_down = true;
            }
        }

        if (!(waiting_for_prop || Service::is_exec_service_running())) {
            am.ExecuteOneCommand();
        }
        if (!(waiting_for_prop || Service::is_exec_service_running())) {
            if (!shutting_down) {
                auto next_process_restart_time = RestartProcesses();

                // If there's a process that needs restarting, wake up in time for that.
                if (next_process_restart_time) {
                    epoll_timeout_ms = std::chrono::ceil<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
                                           *next_process_restart_time - boot_clock::now())
                                           .count();
                    if (epoll_timeout_ms < 0) epoll_timeout_ms = 0;
                }
            }

            // If there's more work to do, wake up again immediately.
            if (am.HasMoreCommands()) epoll_timeout_ms = 0;
        }

        epoll_event ev;
        int nr = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(epoll_wait(epoll_fd, &ev, 1, epoll_timeout_ms));
        if (nr == -1) {
            PLOG(ERROR) << "epoll_wait failed";
        } else if (nr == 1) {
            ((void (*)()) ev.data.ptr)();
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

}  // namespace init
}  // namespace android

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    android::init::main(argc, argv);
}