rootdir/init.rc

# Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
#
# IMPORTANT: Do not create world writable files or directories.
# This is a common source of Android security bugs.
#

import /init.environ.rc
import /system/etc/init/hw/init.usb.rc
import /init.${ro.hardware}.rc
import /vendor/etc/init/hw/init.${ro.hardware}.rc
import /system/etc/init/hw/init.usb.configfs.rc
import /system/etc/init/hw/init.${ro.zygote}.rc

# Cgroups are mounted right before early-init using list from /etc/cgroups.json
on early-init
    # Disable sysrq from keyboard
    write /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq 0

    # Android doesn't need kernel module autoloading, and it causes SELinux
    # denials.  So disable it by setting modprobe to the empty string.  Note: to
    # explicitly set a sysctl to an empty string, a trailing newline is needed.
    write /proc/sys/kernel/modprobe \n

    # Set the security context of /adb_keys if present.
    restorecon /adb_keys

    # Set the security context of /postinstall if present.
    restorecon /postinstall

    mkdir /acct/uid

    # memory.pressure_level used by lmkd
    chown root system /dev/memcg/memory.pressure_level
    chmod 0040 /dev/memcg/memory.pressure_level
    # app mem cgroups, used by activity manager, lmkd and zygote
    mkdir /dev/memcg/apps/ 0755 system system
    # cgroup for system_server and surfaceflinger
    mkdir /dev/memcg/system 0550 system system

    # symlink the Android specific /dev/tun to Linux expected /dev/net/tun
    mkdir /dev/net 0755 root root
    symlink ../tun /dev/net/tun

    # set RLIMIT_NICE to allow priorities from 19 to -20
    setrlimit nice 40 40

    # Allow up to 32K FDs per process
    setrlimit nofile 32768 32768

    # Set up linker config subdirectories based on mount namespaces
    mkdir /linkerconfig/bootstrap 0755
    mkdir /linkerconfig/default 0755

    # Disable dm-verity hash prefetching, since it doesn't help performance
    # Read more in b/136247322
    write /sys/module/dm_verity/parameters/prefetch_cluster 0

    # Generate empty ld.config.txt for early executed processes which rely on
    # /system/lib libraries.
    write /linkerconfig/bootstrap/ld.config.txt \#
    write /linkerconfig/default/ld.config.txt \#
    chmod 644 /linkerconfig/bootstrap/ld.config.txt
    chmod 644 /linkerconfig/default/ld.config.txt

    # Mount bootstrap linker configuration as current
    mount none /linkerconfig/bootstrap /linkerconfig bind rec

    start ueventd

    # Run apexd-bootstrap so that APEXes that provide critical libraries
    # become available. Note that this is executed as exec_start to ensure that
    # the libraries are available to the processes started after this statement.
    exec_start apexd-bootstrap

    # Generate linker config based on apex mounted in bootstrap namespace
    update_linker_config

    # These must already exist by the time boringssl_self_test32 / boringssl_self_test64 run.
    mkdir /dev/boringssl 0755 root root
    mkdir /dev/boringssl/selftest 0755 root root

    # Mount tracefs (with GID=AID_READTRACEFS)
    mount tracefs tracefs /sys/kernel/tracing gid=3012

    # create sys dirctory
    mkdir /dev/sys 0755 system system
    mkdir /dev/sys/fs 0755 system system
    mkdir /dev/sys/block 0755 system system

    # Create location for fs_mgr to store abbreviated output from filesystem
    # checker programs.
    mkdir /dev/fscklogs 0770 root system

on init
    sysclktz 0

    # Mix device-specific information into the entropy pool
    copy /proc/cmdline /dev/urandom
    copy /system/etc/prop.default /dev/urandom

    symlink /proc/self/fd/0 /dev/stdin
    symlink /proc/self/fd/1 /dev/stdout
    symlink /proc/self/fd/2 /dev/stderr

    # Create energy-aware scheduler tuning nodes
    mkdir /dev/stune/foreground
    mkdir /dev/stune/background
    mkdir /dev/stune/top-app
    mkdir /dev/stune/rt
    chown system system /dev/stune
    chown system system /dev/stune/foreground
    chown system system /dev/stune/background
    chown system system /dev/stune/top-app
    chown system system /dev/stune/rt
    chown system system /dev/stune/tasks
    chown system system /dev/stune/foreground/tasks
    chown system system /dev/stune/background/tasks
    chown system system /dev/stune/top-app/tasks
    chown system system /dev/stune/rt/tasks
    chown system system /dev/stune/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/stune/foreground/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/stune/background/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/stune/top-app/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/stune/rt/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/foreground/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/background/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/top-app/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/rt/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/foreground/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/background/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/top-app/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/rt/cgroup.procs

    # cpuctl hierarchy for devices using utilclamp
    mkdir /dev/cpuctl/foreground
    mkdir /dev/cpuctl/background
    mkdir /dev/cpuctl/top-app
    mkdir /dev/cpuctl/rt
    mkdir /dev/cpuctl/system
    mkdir /dev/cpuctl/system-background
    mkdir /dev/cpuctl/dex2oat
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/foreground
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/background
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/top-app
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/rt
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/system
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/system-background
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/dex2oat
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/foreground/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/background/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/top-app/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/rt/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/system/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/system-background/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/dex2oat/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/foreground/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/background/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/top-app/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/rt/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/system/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/system-background/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/dex2oat/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/foreground/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/background/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/top-app/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/rt/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/system/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/system-background/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/dex2oat/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/foreground/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/background/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/top-app/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/rt/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/system/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/system-background/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/dex2oat/cgroup.procs

    # Create a cpu group for NNAPI HAL processes
    mkdir /dev/cpuctl/nnapi-hal
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/nnapi-hal
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/nnapi-hal/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/nnapi-hal/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/nnapi-hal/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/nnapi-hal/cgroup.procs
    write /dev/cpuctl/nnapi-hal/cpu.uclamp.min 1
    write /dev/cpuctl/nnapi-hal/cpu.uclamp.latency_sensitive 1

    # Create a cpu group for camera daemon processes
    mkdir /dev/cpuctl/camera-daemon
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/camera-daemon
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/camera-daemon/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/camera-daemon/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/camera-daemon/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuctl/camera-daemon/cgroup.procs

    # Create an stune group for camera-specific processes
    mkdir /dev/stune/camera-daemon
    chown system system /dev/stune/camera-daemon
    chown system system /dev/stune/camera-daemon/tasks
    chown system system /dev/stune/camera-daemon/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/camera-daemon/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/camera-daemon/cgroup.procs

    # Create an stune group for NNAPI HAL processes
    mkdir /dev/stune/nnapi-hal
    chown system system /dev/stune/nnapi-hal
    chown system system /dev/stune/nnapi-hal/tasks
    chown system system /dev/stune/nnapi-hal/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/nnapi-hal/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/nnapi-hal/cgroup.procs
    write /dev/stune/nnapi-hal/schedtune.boost 1
    write /dev/stune/nnapi-hal/schedtune.prefer_idle 1

    # Create blkio group and apply initial settings.
    # This feature needs kernel to support it, and the
    # device's init.rc must actually set the correct values.
    mkdir /dev/blkio/background
    chown system system /dev/blkio
    chown system system /dev/blkio/background
    chown system system /dev/blkio/tasks
    chown system system /dev/blkio/background/tasks
    chown system system /dev/blkio/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/blkio/background/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/blkio/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/blkio/background/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/blkio/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/blkio/background/cgroup.procs
    write /dev/blkio/blkio.weight 1000
    write /dev/blkio/background/blkio.weight 200
    write /dev/blkio/background/blkio.bfq.weight 10
    write /dev/blkio/blkio.group_idle 0
    write /dev/blkio/background/blkio.group_idle 0

    restorecon_recursive /mnt

    mount configfs none /config nodev noexec nosuid
    chmod 0770 /config/sdcardfs
    chown system package_info /config/sdcardfs

    # Mount binderfs
    mkdir /dev/binderfs
    mount binder binder /dev/binderfs stats=global
    chmod 0755 /dev/binderfs

    # Mount fusectl
    mount fusectl none /sys/fs/fuse/connections

    symlink /dev/binderfs/binder /dev/binder
    symlink /dev/binderfs/hwbinder /dev/hwbinder
    symlink /dev/binderfs/vndbinder /dev/vndbinder

    chmod 0666 /dev/binderfs/hwbinder
    chmod 0666 /dev/binderfs/binder
    chmod 0666 /dev/binderfs/vndbinder

    mkdir /mnt/secure 0700 root root
    mkdir /mnt/secure/asec 0700 root root
    mkdir /mnt/asec 0755 root system
    mkdir /mnt/obb 0755 root system
    mkdir /mnt/media_rw 0750 root external_storage
    mkdir /mnt/user 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/user/0 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/user/0/self 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/user/0/emulated 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/user/0/emulated/0 0755 root root

    # Prepare directories for pass through processes
    mkdir /mnt/pass_through 0700 root root
    mkdir /mnt/pass_through/0 0710 root media_rw
    mkdir /mnt/pass_through/0/self 0710 root media_rw
    mkdir /mnt/pass_through/0/emulated 0710 root media_rw
    mkdir /mnt/pass_through/0/emulated/0 0710 root media_rw

    mkdir /mnt/expand 0771 system system
    mkdir /mnt/appfuse 0711 root root

    # Storage views to support runtime permissions
    mkdir /mnt/runtime 0700 root root
    mkdir /mnt/runtime/default 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/runtime/default/self 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/runtime/read 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/runtime/read/self 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/runtime/write 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/runtime/write/self 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/runtime/full 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/runtime/full/self 0755 root root

    # Symlink to keep legacy apps working in multi-user world
    symlink /storage/self/primary /mnt/sdcard
    symlink /mnt/user/0/primary /mnt/runtime/default/self/primary

    write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1
    write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0
    write /proc/cpu/alignment 4

    # scheduler tunables
    # Disable auto-scaling of scheduler tunables with hotplug. The tunables
    # will vary across devices in unpredictable ways if allowed to scale with
    # cpu cores.
    write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_tunable_scaling 0
    write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000
    write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000
    write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_child_runs_first 0

    write /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space 2
    write /proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr 32768
    write /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ping_group_range "0 2147483647"
    write /proc/sys/net/unix/max_dgram_qlen 600

    # Assign reasonable ceiling values for socket rcv/snd buffers.
    # These should almost always be overridden by the target per the
    # the corresponding technology maximums.
    write /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max  262144
    write /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max  262144

    # reflect fwmark from incoming packets onto generated replies
    write /proc/sys/net/ipv4/fwmark_reflect 1
    write /proc/sys/net/ipv6/fwmark_reflect 1

    # set fwmark on accepted sockets
    write /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fwmark_accept 1

    # disable icmp redirects
    write /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/accept_redirects 0
    write /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/accept_redirects 0

    # /proc/net/fib_trie leaks interface IP addresses
    chmod 0400 /proc/net/fib_trie

    # sets up initial cpusets for ActivityManager
    # this ensures that the cpusets are present and usable, but the device's
    # init.rc must actually set the correct cpus
    mkdir /dev/cpuset/foreground
    copy /dev/cpuset/cpus /dev/cpuset/foreground/cpus
    copy /dev/cpuset/mems /dev/cpuset/foreground/mems
    mkdir /dev/cpuset/background
    copy /dev/cpuset/cpus /dev/cpuset/background/cpus
    copy /dev/cpuset/mems /dev/cpuset/background/mems

    # system-background is for system tasks that should only run on
    # little cores, not on bigs
    mkdir /dev/cpuset/system-background
    copy /dev/cpuset/cpus /dev/cpuset/system-background/cpus
    copy /dev/cpuset/mems /dev/cpuset/system-background/mems

    # restricted is for system tasks that are being throttled
    # due to screen off.
    mkdir /dev/cpuset/restricted
    copy /dev/cpuset/cpus /dev/cpuset/restricted/cpus
    copy /dev/cpuset/mems /dev/cpuset/restricted/mems

    mkdir /dev/cpuset/top-app
    copy /dev/cpuset/cpus /dev/cpuset/top-app/cpus
    copy /dev/cpuset/mems /dev/cpuset/top-app/mems

    # create a cpuset for camera daemon processes
    mkdir /dev/cpuset/camera-daemon
    copy /dev/cpuset/cpus /dev/cpuset/camera-daemon/cpus
    copy /dev/cpuset/mems /dev/cpuset/camera-daemon/mems

    # change permissions for all cpusets we'll touch at runtime
    chown system system /dev/cpuset
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/foreground
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/background
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/system-background
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/top-app
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/restricted
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/camera-daemon
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/background/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/system-background/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/top-app/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/restricted/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/camera-daemon/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/foreground/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/background/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/system-background/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/top-app/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/restricted/cgroup.procs
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/camera-daemon/cgroup.procs

    # set system-background to 0775 so SurfaceFlinger can touch it
    chmod 0775 /dev/cpuset/system-background

    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/background/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/system-background/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/top-app/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/restricted/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/camera-daemon/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/foreground/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/background/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/system-background/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/top-app/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/restricted/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/cgroup.procs
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/camera-daemon/cgroup.procs

    # make the PSI monitor accessible to others
    chown system system /proc/pressure/memory
    chmod 0664 /proc/pressure/memory

    # qtaguid will limit access to specific data based on group memberships.
    #   net_bw_acct grants impersonation of socket owners.
    #   net_bw_stats grants access to other apps' detailed tagged-socket stats.
    chown root net_bw_acct /proc/net/xt_qtaguid/ctrl
    chown root net_bw_stats /proc/net/xt_qtaguid/stats

    # Allow everybody to read the xt_qtaguid resource tracking misc dev.
    # This is needed by any process that uses socket tagging.
    chmod 0644 /dev/xt_qtaguid

    mount bpf bpf /sys/fs/bpf nodev noexec nosuid

    # pstore/ramoops previous console log
    mount pstore pstore /sys/fs/pstore nodev noexec nosuid
    chown system log /sys/fs/pstore
    chmod 0550 /sys/fs/pstore
    chown system log /sys/fs/pstore/console-ramoops
    chmod 0440 /sys/fs/pstore/console-ramoops
    chown system log /sys/fs/pstore/console-ramoops-0
    chmod 0440 /sys/fs/pstore/console-ramoops-0
    chown system log /sys/fs/pstore/pmsg-ramoops-0
    chmod 0440 /sys/fs/pstore/pmsg-ramoops-0

    # enable armv8_deprecated instruction hooks
    write /proc/sys/abi/swp 1

    # Linux's execveat() syscall may construct paths containing /dev/fd
    # expecting it to point to /proc/self/fd
    symlink /proc/self/fd /dev/fd

    export DOWNLOAD_CACHE /data/cache

    # This allows the ledtrig-transient properties to be created here so
    # that they can be chown'd to system:system later on boot
    write /sys/class/leds/vibrator/trigger "transient"

    # This is used by Bionic to select optimized routines.
    write /dev/cpu_variant:${ro.bionic.arch} ${ro.bionic.cpu_variant}
    chmod 0444 /dev/cpu_variant:${ro.bionic.arch}
    write /dev/cpu_variant:${ro.bionic.2nd_arch} ${ro.bionic.2nd_cpu_variant}
    chmod 0444 /dev/cpu_variant:${ro.bionic.2nd_arch}

    # Allow system processes to read / write power state.
    chown system system /sys/power/state
    chown system system /sys/power/wakeup_count
    chmod 0660 /sys/power/state

    chown radio wakelock /sys/power/wake_lock
    chown radio wakelock /sys/power/wake_unlock
    chmod 0660 /sys/power/wake_lock
    chmod 0660 /sys/power/wake_unlock

    # Start logd before any other services run to ensure we capture all of their logs.
    start logd
    # Start lmkd before any other services run so that it can register them
    write /proc/sys/vm/watermark_boost_factor 0
    chown root system /sys/module/lowmemorykiller/parameters/adj
    chmod 0664 /sys/module/lowmemorykiller/parameters/adj
    chown root system /sys/module/lowmemorykiller/parameters/minfree
    chmod 0664 /sys/module/lowmemorykiller/parameters/minfree
    start lmkd

    # Start essential services.
    start servicemanager
    start hwservicemanager
    start vndservicemanager

# Run boringssl self test for each ABI.  Any failures trigger reboot to firmware.
on init && property:ro.product.cpu.abilist32=*
    exec_start boringssl_self_test32
on init && property:ro.product.cpu.abilist64=*
    exec_start boringssl_self_test64
on property:apexd.status=ready && property:ro.product.cpu.abilist32=*
    exec_start boringssl_self_test_apex32
on property:apexd.status=ready && property:ro.product.cpu.abilist64=*
    exec_start boringssl_self_test_apex64

service boringssl_self_test32 /system/bin/boringssl_self_test32
    reboot_on_failure reboot,boringssl-self-check-failed
    stdio_to_kmsg
    # Explicitly specify that boringssl_self_test32 doesn't require any capabilities
    capabilities

service boringssl_self_test64 /system/bin/boringssl_self_test64
    reboot_on_failure reboot,boringssl-self-check-failed
    stdio_to_kmsg
    # Explicitly specify that boringssl_self_test64 doesn't require any capabilities
    capabilities

service boringssl_self_test_apex32 /apex/com.android.conscrypt/bin/boringssl_self_test32
    reboot_on_failure reboot,boringssl-self-check-failed
    stdio_to_kmsg
    # Explicitly specify that boringssl_self_test_apex32 doesn't require any capabilities
    capabilities

service boringssl_self_test_apex64 /apex/com.android.conscrypt/bin/boringssl_self_test64
    reboot_on_failure reboot,boringssl-self-check-failed
    stdio_to_kmsg
    # Explicitly specify that boringssl_self_test_apex64 doesn't require any capabilities
    capabilities


# Healthd can trigger a full boot from charger mode by signaling this
# property when the power button is held.
on property:sys.boot_from_charger_mode=1
    class_stop charger
    trigger late-init

# Indicate to fw loaders that the relevant mounts are up.
on firmware_mounts_complete
    rm /dev/.booting

# Mount filesystems and start core system services.
on late-init
    trigger early-fs

    # Mount fstab in init.{$device}.rc by mount_all command. Optional parameter
    # '--early' can be specified to skip entries with 'latemount'.
    # /system and /vendor must be mounted by the end of the fs stage,
    # while /data is optional.
    trigger fs
    trigger post-fs

    # Mount fstab in init.{$device}.rc by mount_all with '--late' parameter
    # to only mount entries with 'latemount'. This is needed if '--early' is
    # specified in the previous mount_all command on the fs stage.
    # With /system mounted and properties form /system + /factory available,
    # some services can be started.
    trigger late-fs

    # Now we can mount /data. File encryption requires keymaster to decrypt
    # /data, which in turn can only be loaded when system properties are present.
    trigger post-fs-data

    # Should be before netd, but after apex, properties and logging is available.
    trigger load_bpf_programs

    # Now we can start zygote for devices with file based encryption
    trigger zygote-start

    # Remove a file to wake up anything waiting for firmware.
    trigger firmware_mounts_complete

    trigger early-boot
    trigger boot

on early-fs
    # Once metadata has been mounted, we'll need vold to deal with userdata checkpointing
    start vold

on post-fs
    exec - system system -- /system/bin/vdc checkpoint markBootAttempt

    # Once everything is setup, no need to modify /.
    # The bind+remount combination allows this to work in containers.
    mount rootfs rootfs / remount bind ro nodev

    # Mount default storage into root namespace
    mount none /mnt/user/0 /storage bind rec
    mount none none /storage slave rec

    # Make sure /sys/kernel/debug (if present) is labeled properly
    # Note that tracefs may be mounted under debug, so we need to cross filesystems
    restorecon --recursive --cross-filesystems /sys/kernel/debug

    # We chown/chmod /cache again so because mount is run as root + defaults
    chown system cache /cache
    chmod 0770 /cache
    # We restorecon /cache in case the cache partition has been reset.
    restorecon_recursive /cache

    # Create /cache/recovery in case it's not there. It'll also fix the odd
    # permissions if created by the recovery system.
    mkdir /cache/recovery 0770 system cache

    # Backup/restore mechanism uses the cache partition
    mkdir /cache/backup_stage 0700 system system
    mkdir /cache/backup 0700 system system

    #change permissions on vmallocinfo so we can grab it from bugreports
    chown root log /proc/vmallocinfo
    chmod 0440 /proc/vmallocinfo

    chown root log /proc/slabinfo
    chmod 0440 /proc/slabinfo

    chown root log /proc/pagetypeinfo
    chmod 0440 /proc/pagetypeinfo

    #change permissions on kmsg & sysrq-trigger so bugreports can grab kthread stacks
    chown root system /proc/kmsg
    chmod 0440 /proc/kmsg
    chown root system /proc/sysrq-trigger
    chmod 0220 /proc/sysrq-trigger
    chown system log /proc/last_kmsg
    chmod 0440 /proc/last_kmsg

    # make the selinux kernel policy world-readable
    chmod 0444 /sys/fs/selinux/policy

    # create the lost+found directories, so as to enforce our permissions
    mkdir /cache/lost+found 0770 root root

    restorecon_recursive /metadata
    mkdir /metadata/vold
    chmod 0700 /metadata/vold
    mkdir /metadata/password_slots 0771 root system
    mkdir /metadata/bootstat 0750 system log
    mkdir /metadata/ota 0700 root system
    mkdir /metadata/ota/snapshots 0700 root system
    mkdir /metadata/userspacereboot 0770 root system
    mkdir /metadata/watchdog 0770 root system

    mkdir /metadata/apex 0700 root system
    mkdir /metadata/apex/sessions 0700 root system
    # On some devices we see a weird behaviour in which /metadata/apex doesn't
    # have a correct label. To workaround this bug, explicitly call restorecon
    # on /metadata/apex. For most of the boot sequences /metadata/apex will
    # already have a correct selinux label, meaning that this call will be a
    # no-op.
    restorecon_recursive /metadata/apex

    mkdir /metadata/staged-install 0770 root system
    mkdir /metadata/sepolicy 0700 root root
on late-fs
    # Ensure that tracefs has the correct permissions.
    # This does not work correctly if it is called in post-fs.
    chmod 0755 /sys/kernel/tracing
    chmod 0755 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing

    # HALs required before storage encryption can get unlocked (FBE/FDE)
    class_start early_hal

    # Load trusted keys from dm-verity protected partitions
    exec -- /system/bin/fsverity_init --load-verified-keys

# Only enable the bootreceiver tracing instance for kernels 5.10 and above.
on late-fs && property:ro.kernel.version=4.9
    setprop bootreceiver.enable 0
on late-fs && property:ro.kernel.version=4.14
    setprop bootreceiver.enable 0
on late-fs && property:ro.kernel.version=4.19
    setprop bootreceiver.enable 0
on late-fs && property:ro.kernel.version=5.4
    setprop bootreceiver.enable 0
on late-fs
    # Bootreceiver tracing instance is enabled by default.
    setprop bootreceiver.enable ${bootreceiver.enable:-1}

on property:ro.product.cpu.abilist64=* && property:bootreceiver.enable=1
    # Set up a tracing instance for system_server to monitor error_report_end events.
    # These are sent by kernel tools like KASAN and KFENCE when a memory corruption
    # is detected. This is only needed for 64-bit systems.
    mkdir /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/bootreceiver 0700 system system
    restorecon_recursive /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/bootreceiver
    write /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/bootreceiver/buffer_size_kb 1
    write /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/bootreceiver/trace_options disable_on_free
    write /sys/kernel/tracing/instances/bootreceiver/events/error_report/error_report_end/enable 1

on post-fs-data

    mark_post_data

    # Start checkpoint before we touch data
    exec - system system -- /system/bin/vdc checkpoint prepareCheckpoint

    # We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults
    chown system system /data
    chmod 0771 /data
    # We restorecon /data in case the userdata partition has been reset.
    restorecon /data

    # Make sure we have the device encryption key.
    installkey /data

    # Start bootcharting as soon as possible after the data partition is
    # mounted to collect more data.
    mkdir /data/bootchart 0755 shell shell encryption=Require
    bootchart start

    # Avoid predictable entropy pool. Carry over entropy from previous boot.
    copy /data/system/entropy.dat /dev/urandom

    mkdir /data/vendor 0771 root root encryption=Require
    mkdir /data/vendor/hardware 0771 root root

    # Start tombstoned early to be able to store tombstones.
    mkdir /data/anr 0775 system system encryption=Require
    mkdir /data/tombstones 0771 system system encryption=Require
    mkdir /data/vendor/tombstones 0771 root root
    mkdir /data/vendor/tombstones/wifi 0771 wifi wifi
    start tombstoned

    # Make sure that apexd is started in the default namespace
    enter_default_mount_ns

    # set up keystore directory structure first so that we can end early boot
    # and start apexd
    mkdir /data/misc 01771 system misc encryption=Require
    mkdir /data/misc/keystore 0700 keystore keystore
    # work around b/183668221
    restorecon /data/misc /data/misc/keystore

    # Boot level 30
    # odsign signing keys have MAX_BOOT_LEVEL=30
    # This is currently the earliest boot level, but we start at 30
    # to leave room for earlier levels.
    setprop keystore.boot_level 30

    # Now that /data is mounted and we have created /data/misc/keystore,
    # we can tell keystore to stop allowing use of early-boot keys,
    # and access its database for the first time to support creation and
    # use of MAX_BOOT_LEVEL keys.
    exec - system system -- /system/bin/vdc keymaster earlyBootEnded

    # Multi-installed APEXes are selected using persist props.
    # Load persist properties and override properties (if enabled) from /data,
    # before starting apexd.
    # /data/property should be created before `load_persist_props`
    mkdir /data/property 0700 root root encryption=Require
    load_persist_props

    start logd
    start logd-reinit

    # Some existing vendor rc files use 'on load_persist_props_action' to know
    # when persist props are ready. These are difficult to change due to GRF,
    # so continue triggering this action here even though props are already loaded
    # by the 'load_persist_props' call above.
    trigger load_persist_props_action

    # /data/apex is now available. Start apexd to scan and activate APEXes.
    #
    # To handle userspace reboots as well as devices that use FDE, make sure
    # that apexd is started cleanly here (set apexd.status="") and that it is
    # restarted if it's already running.
    #
    # /data/apex uses encryption=None because direct I/O support is needed on
    # APEX files, but some devices don't support direct I/O on encrypted files.
    # Also, APEXes are public information, similar to the system image.
    # /data/apex/decompressed and /data/apex/ota_reserved override this setting;
    # they are encrypted so that files in them can be hard-linked into
    # /data/rollback which is encrypted.
    mkdir /data/apex 0755 root system encryption=None
    mkdir /data/apex/active 0755 root system
    mkdir /data/apex/backup 0700 root system
    mkdir /data/apex/decompressed 0755 root system encryption=Require
    mkdir /data/apex/hashtree 0700 root system
    mkdir /data/apex/sessions 0700 root system
    mkdir /data/app-staging 0751 system system encryption=DeleteIfNecessary
    mkdir /data/apex/ota_reserved 0700 root system encryption=Require
    setprop apexd.status ""
    restart apexd

    # create rest of basic filesystem structure
    mkdir /data/misc/recovery 0770 system log
    copy /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint.1
    chmod 0440 /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint.1
    chown system log /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint.1
    write /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint ${ro.build.fingerprint}
    chmod 0440 /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint
    chown system log /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint
    mkdir /data/misc/recovery/proc 0770 system log
    copy /data/misc/recovery/proc/version /data/misc/recovery/proc/version.1
    chmod 0440 /data/misc/recovery/proc/version.1
    chown system log /data/misc/recovery/proc/version.1
    copy /proc/version /data/misc/recovery/proc/version
    chmod 0440 /data/misc/recovery/proc/version
    chown system log /data/misc/recovery/proc/version
    mkdir /data/misc/bluedroid 02770 bluetooth bluetooth
    # Fix the access permissions and group ownership for 'bt_config.conf'
    chmod 0660 /data/misc/bluedroid/bt_config.conf
    chown bluetooth bluetooth /data/misc/bluedroid/bt_config.conf
    mkdir /data/misc/bluetooth 0770 bluetooth bluetooth
    mkdir /data/misc/bluetooth/logs 0770 bluetooth bluetooth
    mkdir /data/misc/nfc 0770 nfc nfc
    mkdir /data/misc/nfc/logs 0770 nfc nfc
    mkdir /data/misc/credstore 0700 credstore credstore
    mkdir /data/misc/gatekeeper 0700 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/keychain 0771 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/net 0750 root shell
    mkdir /data/misc/radio 0770 system radio
    mkdir /data/misc/sms 0770 system radio
    mkdir /data/misc/carrierid 0770 system radio
    mkdir /data/misc/apns 0770 system radio
    mkdir /data/misc/emergencynumberdb 0770 system radio
    mkdir /data/misc/network_watchlist 0774 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/textclassifier 0771 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/vpn 0770 system vpn
    mkdir /data/misc/shared_relro 0771 shared_relro shared_relro
    mkdir /data/misc/systemkeys 0700 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/threadnetwork 0770 thread_network thread_network
    mkdir /data/misc/wifi 0770 wifi wifi
    mkdir /data/misc/wifi/sockets 0770 wifi wifi
    mkdir /data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant 0770 wifi wifi
    mkdir /data/misc/ethernet 0770 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/dhcp 0770 dhcp dhcp
    mkdir /data/misc/user 0771 root root
    # give system access to wpa_supplicant.conf for backup and restore
    chmod 0660 /data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf
    mkdir /data/local 0751 root root encryption=Require
    mkdir /data/misc/media 0700 media media
    mkdir /data/misc/audioserver 0700 audioserver audioserver
    mkdir /data/misc/cameraserver 0700 cameraserver cameraserver
    mkdir /data/misc/vold 0700 root root
    mkdir /data/misc/boottrace 0771 system shell
    mkdir /data/misc/update_engine 0700 root root
    mkdir /data/misc/update_engine_log 02750 root log
    mkdir /data/misc/trace 0700 root root
    # create location to store surface and window trace files
    mkdir /data/misc/wmtrace 0700 system system
    # create location to store accessibility trace files
    mkdir /data/misc/a11ytrace 0700 system system
    # profile file layout
    mkdir /data/misc/profiles 0771 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/profiles/cur 0771 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/profiles/ref 0771 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/profman 0770 system shell
    mkdir /data/misc/gcov 0770 root root
    mkdir /data/misc/installd 0700 root root
    mkdir /data/misc/apexdata 0711 root root
    mkdir /data/misc/apexrollback 0700 root root
    mkdir /data/misc/appcompat/ 0700 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/snapshotctl_log 0755 root root
    # create location to store pre-reboot information
    mkdir /data/misc/prereboot 0700 system system
    # directory used for on-device refresh metrics file.
    mkdir /data/misc/odrefresh 0777 system system
    # directory used for on-device signing key blob
    mkdir /data/misc/odsign 0710 root system
    # directory used for odsign metrics
    mkdir /data/misc/odsign/metrics 0770 root system

    # Directory for VirtualizationService temporary image files.
    # Delete any stale files owned by the old virtualizationservice uid (b/230056726).
    chmod 0770 /data/misc/virtualizationservice
    exec - virtualizationservice system -- /bin/rm -rf /data/misc/virtualizationservice
    mkdir /data/misc/virtualizationservice 0770 system system

    # /data/preloads uses encryption=None because it only contains preloaded
    # files that are public information, similar to the system image.
    mkdir /data/preloads 0775 system system encryption=None

    # For security reasons, /data/local/tmp should always be empty.
    # Do not place files or directories in /data/local/tmp
    mkdir /data/local/tmp 0771 shell shell
    mkdir /data/local/traces 0777 shell shell
    mkdir /data/app-private 0771 system system encryption=Require
    mkdir /data/app-ephemeral 0771 system system encryption=Require
    mkdir /data/app-asec 0700 root root encryption=Require
    mkdir /data/app-lib 0771 system system encryption=Require
    mkdir /data/app 0771 system system encryption=Require

    # create directory for updated font files.
    mkdir /data/fonts/ 0771 root root encryption=Require
    mkdir /data/fonts/files 0771 system system
    mkdir /data/fonts/config 0770 system system

    # Create directories to push tests to for each linker namespace.
    # Create the subdirectories in case the first test is run as root
    # so it doesn't end up owned by root.
    # Set directories to be executable by any process so that debuggerd,
    # aka crash_dump, can read any executables/shared libraries.
    mkdir /data/local/tests 0701 shell shell
    mkdir /data/local/tests/product 0701 shell shell
    mkdir /data/local/tests/system 0701 shell shell
    mkdir /data/local/tests/unrestricted 0701 shell shell
    mkdir /data/local/tests/vendor 0701 shell shell

    # create dalvik-cache, so as to enforce our permissions
    mkdir /data/dalvik-cache 0771 root root encryption=Require
    # create the A/B OTA directory, so as to enforce our permissions
    mkdir /data/ota 0771 root root encryption=Require

    # create the OTA package directory. It will be accessed by GmsCore (cache
    # group), update_engine and update_verifier.
    mkdir /data/ota_package 0770 system cache encryption=Require

    # create resource-cache and double-check the perms
    mkdir /data/resource-cache 0771 system system encryption=Require
    chown system system /data/resource-cache
    chmod 0771 /data/resource-cache

    # Ensure that lost+found exists and has the correct permissions.  Linux
    # filesystems expect this directory to exist; it's where the fsck tool puts
    # any recovered files that weren't present in any directory.  It must be
    # unencrypted, as fsck must be able to write to it.
    mkdir /data/lost+found 0770 root root encryption=None

    # create directory for DRM plug-ins - give drm the read/write access to
    # the following directory.
    mkdir /data/drm 0770 drm drm encryption=Require

    # create directory for MediaDrm plug-ins - give drm the read/write access to
    # the following directory.
    mkdir /data/mediadrm 0770 mediadrm mediadrm encryption=Require

    # NFC: create data/nfc for nv storage
    mkdir /data/nfc 0770 nfc nfc encryption=Require
    mkdir /data/nfc/param 0770 nfc nfc

    # Create all remaining /data root dirs so that they are made through init
    # and get proper encryption policy installed
    mkdir /data/backup 0700 system system encryption=Require
    mkdir /data/ss 0700 system system encryption=Require

    mkdir /data/system 0775 system system encryption=Require
    mkdir /data/system/environ 0700 system system
    # b/183861600 attempt to fix selinux label before running derive_classpath service
    restorecon /data/system/environ
    mkdir /data/system/dropbox 0700 system system
    mkdir /data/system/heapdump 0700 system system
    mkdir /data/system/users 0775 system system

    # Create the parent directories of the user CE and DE storage directories.
    # These parent directories must use encryption=None, since each of their
    # subdirectories uses a different encryption policy (a per-user one), and
    # encryption policies apply recursively.  These directories should never
    # contain any subdirectories other than the per-user ones.  /data/media/obb
    # is an exception that exists for legacy reasons.
    mkdir /data/media 0770 media_rw media_rw encryption=None
    mkdir /data/misc_ce 01771 system misc encryption=None
    mkdir /data/misc_de 01771 system misc encryption=None
    mkdir /data/system_ce 0770 system system encryption=None
    mkdir /data/system_de 0770 system system encryption=None
    mkdir /data/user 0711 system system encryption=None
    mkdir /data/user_de 0711 system system encryption=None
    mkdir /data/vendor_ce 0771 root root encryption=None
    mkdir /data/vendor_de 0771 root root encryption=None

    # Set the casefold flag on /data/media.  For upgrades, a restorecon can be
    # needed first to relabel the directory from media_rw_data_file.
    restorecon /data/media
    exec - media_rw media_rw -- /system/bin/chattr +F /data/media

    # A tmpfs directory, which will contain all apps and sdk sandbox CE and DE
    # data directory that bind mount from the original source.
    mount tmpfs tmpfs /data_mirror nodev noexec nosuid mode=0700,uid=0,gid=1000
    restorecon /data_mirror
    mkdir /data_mirror/data_ce 0700 root root
    mkdir /data_mirror/data_de 0700 root root
    mkdir /data_mirror/misc_ce 0700 root root
    mkdir /data_mirror/misc_de 0700 root root

    # Create CE and DE data directory for default volume
    mkdir /data_mirror/data_ce/null 0700 root root
    mkdir /data_mirror/data_de/null 0700 root root
    mkdir /data_mirror/misc_ce/null 0700 root root
    mkdir /data_mirror/misc_de/null 0700 root root

    # Bind mount CE and DE data directory to mirror's default volume directory.
    # Note that because the /data mount has the "shared" propagation type, the
    # later bind mount of /data/data onto /data/user/0 will automatically
    # propagate to /data_mirror/data_ce/null/0 as well.
    mount none /data/user /data_mirror/data_ce/null bind rec
    mount none /data/user_de /data_mirror/data_de/null bind rec
    mount none /data/misc_ce /data_mirror/misc_ce/null bind rec
    mount none /data/misc_de /data_mirror/misc_de/null bind rec

    # Create mirror directory for jit profiles
    mkdir /data_mirror/cur_profiles 0700 root root
    mount none /data/misc/profiles/cur /data_mirror/cur_profiles bind rec
    mkdir /data_mirror/ref_profiles 0700 root root
    mount none /data/misc/profiles/ref /data_mirror/ref_profiles bind rec

    mkdir /data/cache 0770 system cache encryption=Require
    mkdir /data/cache/recovery 0770 system cache
    mkdir /data/cache/backup_stage 0700 system system
    mkdir /data/cache/backup 0700 system system

    # Delete these if need be, per b/139193659
    mkdir /data/rollback 0700 system system encryption=DeleteIfNecessary
    mkdir /data/rollback-observer 0700 system system encryption=DeleteIfNecessary
    mkdir /data/rollback-history 0700 system system encryption=DeleteIfNecessary

    # Create root dir for Incremental Service
    mkdir /data/incremental 0771 system system encryption=Require

    # Create directories for statsd
    mkdir /data/misc/stats-active-metric/ 0770 statsd system
    mkdir /data/misc/stats-data/ 0770 statsd system
    mkdir /data/misc/stats-metadata/ 0770 statsd system
    mkdir /data/misc/stats-service/ 0770 statsd system
    mkdir /data/misc/train-info/ 0770 statsd system

    # Wait for apexd to finish activating APEXes before starting more processes.
    wait_for_prop apexd.status activated
    perform_apex_config

    # Create directories for boot animation.
    mkdir /data/bootanim 0755 system system encryption=DeleteIfNecessary

    exec_start derive_sdk

    init_user0

    # Set SELinux security contexts on upgrade or policy update.
    restorecon --recursive --skip-ce /data

    # Define and export *CLASSPATH variables
    # Must start before 'odsign', as odsign depends on *CLASSPATH variables
    exec_start derive_classpath
    load_exports /data/system/environ/classpath

    # Start the on-device signing daemon, and wait for it to finish, to ensure
    # ART artifacts are generated if needed.
    # Must start after 'derive_classpath' to have *CLASSPATH variables set.
    start odsign

    # Before we can lock keys and proceed to the next boot stage, wait for
    # odsign to be done with the key
    wait_for_prop odsign.key.done 1

    # Lock the fs-verity keyring, so no more keys can be added
    exec -- /system/bin/fsverity_init --lock

    # Bump the boot level to 1000000000; this prevents further on-device signing.
    # This is a special value that shuts down the thread which listens for
    # further updates.
    setprop keystore.boot_level 1000000000

    # Allow apexd to snapshot and restore device encrypted apex data in the case
    # of a rollback. This should be done immediately after DE_user data keys
    # are loaded. APEXes should not access this data until this has been
    # completed and apexd.status becomes "ready".
    exec_start apexd-snapshotde

    # sys.memfd_use set to false by default, which keeps it disabled
    # until it is confirmed that apps and vendor processes don't make
    # IOCTLs on ashmem fds any more.
    setprop sys.use_memfd false

    # Set fscklog permission
    chown root system /dev/fscklogs/log
    chmod 0770 /dev/fscklogs/log

    # Enable FUSE by default
    setprop persist.sys.fuse true

    # Update dm-verity state and set partition.*.verified properties.
    verity_update_state

# It is recommended to put unnecessary data/ initialization from post-fs-data
# to start-zygote in device's init.rc to unblock zygote start.
on zygote-start && property:ro.crypto.state=unencrypted
    wait_for_prop odsign.verification.done 1
    # A/B update verifier that marks a successful boot.
    exec_start update_verifier_nonencrypted
    start statsd
    start netd
    start zygote
    start zygote_secondary

on zygote-start && property:ro.crypto.state=unsupported
    wait_for_prop odsign.verification.done 1
    # A/B update verifier that marks a successful boot.
    exec_start update_verifier_nonencrypted
    start statsd
    start netd
    start zygote
    start zygote_secondary

on zygote-start && property:ro.crypto.state=encrypted && property:ro.crypto.type=file
    wait_for_prop odsign.verification.done 1
    # A/B update verifier that marks a successful boot.
    exec_start update_verifier_nonencrypted
    start statsd
    start netd
    start zygote
    start zygote_secondary

on boot && property:ro.config.low_ram=true
    # Tweak background writeout
    write /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs 200
    write /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio  5

on boot
    # basic network init
    ifup lo
    hostname localhost
    domainname localdomain

    # IPsec SA default expiration length
    write /proc/sys/net/core/xfrm_acq_expires 3600

    # Memory management.  Basic kernel parameters, and allow the high
    # level system server to be able to adjust the kernel OOM driver
    # parameters to match how it is managing things.
    write /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory 1
    write /proc/sys/vm/min_free_order_shift 4

    # System server manages zram writeback
    chown root system /sys/block/zram0/idle
    chmod 0664 /sys/block/zram0/idle
    chown root system /sys/block/zram0/writeback
    chmod 0664 /sys/block/zram0/writeback

    # to access F2FS sysfs on dm-<num> directly
    mkdir /dev/sys/fs/by-name 0755 system system
    symlink /sys/fs/f2fs/${dev.mnt.dev.data} /dev/sys/fs/by-name/userdata

    # dev.mnt.dev.data=dm-N, dev.mnt.blk.data=sdaN/mmcblk0pN, dev.mnt.rootdisk.data=sda/mmcblk0, or
    # dev.mnt.dev.data=sdaN/mmcblk0pN, dev.mnt.blk.data=sdaN/mmcblk0pN, dev.mnt.rootdisk.data=sda/mmcblk0
    mkdir /dev/sys/block/by-name 0755 system system
    symlink /sys/class/block/${dev.mnt.dev.data} /dev/sys/block/by-name/userdata
    symlink /sys/class/block/${dev.mnt.rootdisk.data} /dev/sys/block/by-name/rootdisk

    # F2FS tuning. Set cp_interval larger than dirty_expire_centisecs, 30 secs,
    # to avoid power consumption when system becomes mostly idle. Be careful
    # to make it too large, since it may bring userdata loss, if they
    # are not aware of using fsync()/sync() to prepare sudden power-cut.
    write /dev/sys/fs/by-name/userdata/cp_interval 200
    write /dev/sys/fs/by-name/userdata/gc_urgent_sleep_time 50
    write /dev/sys/fs/by-name/userdata/iostat_period_ms 1000
    write /dev/sys/fs/by-name/userdata/iostat_enable 1

    # set readahead multiplier for POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL files
    write /dev/sys/fs/by-name/userdata/seq_file_ra_mul 16

    # limit discard size to 128MB in order to avoid long IO latency
    # for filesystem tuning first (dm or sda)
    # this requires enabling selinux entry for sda/mmcblk0 in vendor side
    write /dev/sys/block/by-name/userdata/queue/discard_max_bytes 134217728
    write /dev/sys/block/by-name/rootdisk/queue/discard_max_bytes 134217728

    # Permissions for System Server and daemons.
    chown system system /sys/power/autosleep

    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/timer_rate
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/timer_rate
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/timer_slack
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/timer_slack
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/min_sample_time
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/min_sample_time
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/hispeed_freq
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/hispeed_freq
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/target_loads
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/target_loads
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/go_hispeed_load
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/go_hispeed_load
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/above_hispeed_delay
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/above_hispeed_delay
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/boost
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/boost
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/boostpulse
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/input_boost
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/input_boost
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/boostpulse_duration
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/boostpulse_duration
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/io_is_busy
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/io_is_busy

    chown system system /sys/class/leds/vibrator/trigger
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/vibrator/activate
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/vibrator/brightness
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/vibrator/duration
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/vibrator/state
    chown system system /sys/class/timed_output/vibrator/enable
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/keyboard-backlight/brightness
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/lcd-backlight/brightness
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/button-backlight/brightness
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/jogball-backlight/brightness
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/red/brightness
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/green/brightness
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/blue/brightness
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/red/device/grpfreq
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/red/device/grppwm
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/red/device/blink
    chown system system /sys/module/sco/parameters/disable_esco
    chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_wmem_min
    chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_wmem_def
    chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_wmem_max
    chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_rmem_min
    chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_rmem_def
    chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_rmem_max
    chown root radio /proc/cmdline
    chown root system /proc/bootconfig

    # Define default initial receive window size in segments.
    setprop net.tcp_def_init_rwnd 60

    # Start standard binderized HAL daemons
    class_start hal

    class_start core

on nonencrypted
    class_start main
    class_start late_start

on property:sys.init_log_level=*
    loglevel ${sys.init_log_level}

on charger
    class_start charger

on property:sys.boot_completed=1
    bootchart stop
    # Setup per_boot directory so other .rc could start to use it on boot_completed
    exec - system system -- /bin/rm -rf /data/per_boot
    mkdir /data/per_boot 0700 system system encryption=Require key=per_boot_ref

# system server cannot write to /proc/sys files,
# and chown/chmod does not work for /proc/sys/ entries.
# So proxy writes through init.
on property:sys.sysctl.extra_free_kbytes=*
    exec -- /system/bin/extra_free_kbytes.sh ${sys.sysctl.extra_free_kbytes}

# Allow users to drop caches
on property:perf.drop_caches=3
    write /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches 3
    setprop perf.drop_caches 0

# "tcp_default_init_rwnd" Is too long!
on property:net.tcp_def_init_rwnd=*
    write /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_default_init_rwnd ${net.tcp_def_init_rwnd}

# perf_event_open syscall security:
# Newer kernels have the ability to control the use of the syscall via SELinux
# hooks. init tests for this, and sets sys_init.perf_lsm_hooks to 1 if the
# kernel has the hooks. In this case, the system-wide perf_event_paranoid
# sysctl is set to -1 (unrestricted use), and the SELinux policy is used for
# controlling access. On older kernels, the paranoid value is the only means of
# controlling access. It is normally 3 (allow only root), but the shell user
# can lower it to 1 (allowing thread-scoped pofiling) via security.perf_harden.
on load_bpf_programs && property:sys.init.perf_lsm_hooks=1
    write /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid -1
on property:security.perf_harden=0 && property:sys.init.perf_lsm_hooks=""
    write /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid 1
on property:security.perf_harden=1 && property:sys.init.perf_lsm_hooks=""
    write /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid 3

# Additionally, simpleperf profiler uses debug.* and security.perf_harden
# sysprops to be able to indirectly set these sysctls.
on property:security.perf_harden=0
    write /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_sample_rate ${debug.perf_event_max_sample_rate:-100000}
    write /proc/sys/kernel/perf_cpu_time_max_percent ${debug.perf_cpu_time_max_percent:-25}
    write /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_mlock_kb ${debug.perf_event_mlock_kb:-516}
# Default values.
on property:security.perf_harden=1
    write /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_sample_rate 100000
    write /proc/sys/kernel/perf_cpu_time_max_percent 25
    write /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_mlock_kb 516

# This property can be set only on userdebug/eng. See neverallow rule in
# /system/sepolicy/private/property.te .
on property:security.lower_kptr_restrict=1
    write /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict 0

on property:security.lower_kptr_restrict=0
    write /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict 2


# on shutdown
# In device's init.rc, this trigger can be used to do device-specific actions
# before shutdown. e.g disable watchdog and mask error handling

## Daemon processes to be run by init.
##
service ueventd /system/bin/ueventd
    class core
    critical
    seclabel u:r:ueventd:s0
    shutdown critical

service console /system/bin/sh
    class core
    console
    disabled
    user shell
    group shell log readproc
    seclabel u:r:shell:s0
    setenv HOSTNAME console

on property:ro.debuggable=1
    # Give writes to anyone for the trace folder on debug builds.
    # The folder is used to store method traces.
    chmod 0773 /data/misc/trace
    # Give reads to anyone for the window trace folder on debug builds.
    chmod 0775 /data/misc/wmtrace
    # Give reads to anyone for the accessibility trace folder on debug builds.
    chmod 0775 /data/misc/a11ytrace

on init && property:ro.debuggable=1
    start console

on userspace-reboot-requested
  # TODO(b/135984674): reset all necessary properties here.
  setprop sys.boot_completed ""
  setprop dev.bootcomplete ""
  setprop sys.init.updatable_crashing ""
  setprop sys.init.updatable_crashing_process_name ""
  setprop sys.user.0.ce_available ""
  setprop sys.shutdown.requested ""
  setprop service.bootanim.exit ""
  setprop service.bootanim.progress ""

on userspace-reboot-fs-remount
  # Make sure that vold is running.
  # This is mostly a precaution measure in case vold for some reason wasn't running when
  # userspace reboot was initiated.
  start vold
  exec - system system -- /system/bin/vdc checkpoint resetCheckpoint
  exec - system system -- /system/bin/vdc checkpoint markBootAttempt
  # Unmount /data_mirror mounts in the reverse order of corresponding mounts.
  umount /data_mirror/data_ce/null/0
  umount /data_mirror/data_ce/null
  umount /data_mirror/data_de/null
  umount /data_mirror/cur_profiles
  umount /data_mirror/ref_profiles
  umount /data_mirror
  remount_userdata
  start bootanim

on userspace-reboot-resume
  trigger userspace-reboot-fs-remount
  trigger post-fs-data
  trigger zygote-start
  trigger early-boot
  trigger boot

on property:sys.boot_completed=1 && property:sys.init.userspace_reboot.in_progress=1
  setprop sys.init.userspace_reboot.in_progress ""

# Multi-Gen LRU Experiment
on property:persist.device_config.mglru_native.lru_gen_config=none
  write /sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled 0
on property:persist.device_config.mglru_native.lru_gen_config=core
  write /sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled 1
on property:persist.device_config.mglru_native.lru_gen_config=core_and_mm_walk
  write /sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled 3
on property:persist.device_config.mglru_native.lru_gen_config=core_and_nonleaf_young
  write /sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled 5
on property:persist.device_config.mglru_native.lru_gen_config=all
  write /sys/kernel/mm/lru_gen/enabled 7