adb/transport.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#define TRACE_TAG TRANSPORT

#include "sysdeps.h"
#include "transport.h"

#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <algorithm>
#include <list>

#include <android-base/logging.h>
#include <android-base/parsenetaddress.h>
#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
#include <android-base/strings.h>

#include "adb.h"
#include "adb_utils.h"
#include "diagnose_usb.h"

static void transport_unref(atransport *t);

static auto& transport_list = *new std::list<atransport*>();
static auto& pending_list = *new std::list<atransport*>();

ADB_MUTEX_DEFINE( transport_lock );

const char* const kFeatureShell2 = "shell_v2";
const char* const kFeatureCmd = "cmd";

static std::string dump_packet(const char* name, const char* func, apacket* p) {
    unsigned  command = p->msg.command;
    int       len     = p->msg.data_length;
    char      cmd[9];
    char      arg0[12], arg1[12];
    int       n;

    for (n = 0; n < 4; n++) {
        int  b = (command >> (n*8)) & 255;
        if (b < 32 || b >= 127)
            break;
        cmd[n] = (char)b;
    }
    if (n == 4) {
        cmd[4] = 0;
    } else {
        /* There is some non-ASCII name in the command, so dump
            * the hexadecimal value instead */
        snprintf(cmd, sizeof cmd, "%08x", command);
    }

    if (p->msg.arg0 < 256U)
        snprintf(arg0, sizeof arg0, "%d", p->msg.arg0);
    else
        snprintf(arg0, sizeof arg0, "0x%x", p->msg.arg0);

    if (p->msg.arg1 < 256U)
        snprintf(arg1, sizeof arg1, "%d", p->msg.arg1);
    else
        snprintf(arg1, sizeof arg1, "0x%x", p->msg.arg1);

    std::string result = android::base::StringPrintf("%s: %s: [%s] arg0=%s arg1=%s (len=%d) ",
                                                     name, func, cmd, arg0, arg1, len);
    result += dump_hex(p->data, len);
    return result;
}

static int
read_packet(int  fd, const char* name, apacket** ppacket)
{
    char buff[8];
    if (!name) {
        snprintf(buff, sizeof buff, "fd=%d", fd);
        name = buff;
    }
    char* p = reinterpret_cast<char*>(ppacket);  /* really read a packet address */
    int len = sizeof(apacket*);
    while(len > 0) {
        int r = adb_read(fd, p, len);
        if(r > 0) {
            len -= r;
            p += r;
        } else {
            D("%s: read_packet (fd=%d), error ret=%d: %s", name, fd, r, strerror(errno));
            return -1;
        }
    }

    VLOG(TRANSPORT) << dump_packet(name, "from remote", *ppacket);
    return 0;
}

static int
write_packet(int  fd, const char* name, apacket** ppacket)
{
    char buff[8];
    if (!name) {
        snprintf(buff, sizeof buff, "fd=%d", fd);
        name = buff;
    }
    VLOG(TRANSPORT) << dump_packet(name, "to remote", *ppacket);
    char* p = reinterpret_cast<char*>(ppacket);  /* we really write the packet address */
    int len = sizeof(apacket*);
    while(len > 0) {
        int r = adb_write(fd, p, len);
        if(r > 0) {
            len -= r;
            p += r;
        } else {
            D("%s: write_packet (fd=%d) error ret=%d: %s", name, fd, r, strerror(errno));
            return -1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static void transport_socket_events(int fd, unsigned events, void *_t)
{
    atransport *t = reinterpret_cast<atransport*>(_t);
    D("transport_socket_events(fd=%d, events=%04x,...)", fd, events);
    if(events & FDE_READ){
        apacket *p = 0;
        if(read_packet(fd, t->serial, &p)){
            D("%s: failed to read packet from transport socket on fd %d", t->serial, fd);
        } else {
            handle_packet(p, (atransport *) _t);
        }
    }
}

void send_packet(apacket *p, atransport *t)
{
    unsigned char *x;
    unsigned sum;
    unsigned count;

    p->msg.magic = p->msg.command ^ 0xffffffff;

    count = p->msg.data_length;
    x = (unsigned char *) p->data;
    sum = 0;
    while(count-- > 0){
        sum += *x++;
    }
    p->msg.data_check = sum;

    print_packet("send", p);

    if (t == NULL) {
        D("Transport is null");
        // Zap errno because print_packet() and other stuff have errno effect.
        errno = 0;
        fatal_errno("Transport is null");
    }

    if(write_packet(t->transport_socket, t->serial, &p)){
        fatal_errno("cannot enqueue packet on transport socket");
    }
}

// The transport is opened by transport_register_func before
// the read_transport and write_transport threads are started.
//
// The read_transport thread issues a SYNC(1, token) message to let
// the write_transport thread know to start things up.  In the event
// of transport IO failure, the read_transport thread will post a
// SYNC(0,0) message to ensure shutdown.
//
// The transport will not actually be closed until both threads exit, but the threads
// will kick the transport on their way out to disconnect the underlying device.
//
// read_transport thread reads data from a transport (representing a usb/tcp connection),
// and makes the main thread call handle_packet().
static void read_transport_thread(void* _t) {
    atransport *t = reinterpret_cast<atransport*>(_t);
    apacket *p;

    adb_thread_setname(android::base::StringPrintf("<-%s",
                                                   (t->serial != nullptr ? t->serial : "transport")));
    D("%s: starting read_transport thread on fd %d, SYNC online (%d)",
       t->serial, t->fd, t->sync_token + 1);
    p = get_apacket();
    p->msg.command = A_SYNC;
    p->msg.arg0 = 1;
    p->msg.arg1 = ++(t->sync_token);
    p->msg.magic = A_SYNC ^ 0xffffffff;
    if(write_packet(t->fd, t->serial, &p)) {
        put_apacket(p);
        D("%s: failed to write SYNC packet", t->serial);
        goto oops;
    }

    D("%s: data pump started", t->serial);
    for(;;) {
        p = get_apacket();

        if(t->read_from_remote(p, t) == 0){
            D("%s: received remote packet, sending to transport",
              t->serial);
            if(write_packet(t->fd, t->serial, &p)){
                put_apacket(p);
                D("%s: failed to write apacket to transport", t->serial);
                goto oops;
            }
        } else {
            D("%s: remote read failed for transport", t->serial);
            put_apacket(p);
            break;
        }
    }

    D("%s: SYNC offline for transport", t->serial);
    p = get_apacket();
    p->msg.command = A_SYNC;
    p->msg.arg0 = 0;
    p->msg.arg1 = 0;
    p->msg.magic = A_SYNC ^ 0xffffffff;
    if(write_packet(t->fd, t->serial, &p)) {
        put_apacket(p);
        D("%s: failed to write SYNC apacket to transport", t->serial);
    }

oops:
    D("%s: read_transport thread is exiting", t->serial);
    kick_transport(t);
    transport_unref(t);
}

// write_transport thread gets packets sent by the main thread (through send_packet()),
// and writes to a transport (representing a usb/tcp connection).
static void write_transport_thread(void* _t) {
    atransport *t = reinterpret_cast<atransport*>(_t);
    apacket *p;
    int active = 0;

    adb_thread_setname(android::base::StringPrintf("->%s",
                                                   (t->serial != nullptr ? t->serial : "transport")));
    D("%s: starting write_transport thread, reading from fd %d",
       t->serial, t->fd);

    for(;;){
        if(read_packet(t->fd, t->serial, &p)) {
            D("%s: failed to read apacket from transport on fd %d",
               t->serial, t->fd );
            break;
        }
        if(p->msg.command == A_SYNC){
            if(p->msg.arg0 == 0) {
                D("%s: transport SYNC offline", t->serial);
                put_apacket(p);
                break;
            } else {
                if(p->msg.arg1 == t->sync_token) {
                    D("%s: transport SYNC online", t->serial);
                    active = 1;
                } else {
                    D("%s: transport ignoring SYNC %d != %d",
                      t->serial, p->msg.arg1, t->sync_token);
                }
            }
        } else {
            if(active) {
                D("%s: transport got packet, sending to remote", t->serial);
                t->write_to_remote(p, t);
            } else {
                D("%s: transport ignoring packet while offline", t->serial);
            }
        }

        put_apacket(p);
    }

    D("%s: write_transport thread is exiting, fd %d", t->serial, t->fd);
    kick_transport(t);
    transport_unref(t);
}

static void kick_transport_locked(atransport* t) {
    CHECK(t != nullptr);
    if (!t->kicked) {
        t->kicked = true;
        t->kick(t);
    }
}

void kick_transport(atransport* t) {
    adb_mutex_lock(&transport_lock);
    kick_transport_locked(t);
    adb_mutex_unlock(&transport_lock);
}

static int transport_registration_send = -1;
static int transport_registration_recv = -1;
static fdevent transport_registration_fde;


#if ADB_HOST

/* this adds support required by the 'track-devices' service.
 * this is used to send the content of "list_transport" to any
 * number of client connections that want it through a single
 * live TCP connection
 */
struct device_tracker {
    asocket          socket;
    int              update_needed;
    device_tracker*  next;
};

/* linked list of all device trackers */
static device_tracker*   device_tracker_list;

static void
device_tracker_remove( device_tracker*  tracker )
{
    device_tracker**  pnode = &device_tracker_list;
    device_tracker*   node  = *pnode;

    adb_mutex_lock( &transport_lock );
    while (node) {
        if (node == tracker) {
            *pnode = node->next;
            break;
        }
        pnode = &node->next;
        node  = *pnode;
    }
    adb_mutex_unlock( &transport_lock );
}

static void
device_tracker_close( asocket*  socket )
{
    device_tracker*  tracker = (device_tracker*) socket;
    asocket*         peer    = socket->peer;

    D( "device tracker %p removed", tracker);
    if (peer) {
        peer->peer = NULL;
        peer->close(peer);
    }
    device_tracker_remove(tracker);
    free(tracker);
}

static int
device_tracker_enqueue( asocket*  socket, apacket*  p )
{
    /* you can't read from a device tracker, close immediately */
    put_apacket(p);
    device_tracker_close(socket);
    return -1;
}

static int device_tracker_send(device_tracker* tracker, const std::string& string) {
    apacket* p = get_apacket();
    asocket* peer = tracker->socket.peer;

    snprintf(reinterpret_cast<char*>(p->data), 5, "%04x", static_cast<int>(string.size()));
    memcpy(&p->data[4], string.data(), string.size());
    p->len = 4 + string.size();
    return peer->enqueue(peer, p);
}

static void device_tracker_ready(asocket* socket) {
    device_tracker* tracker = reinterpret_cast<device_tracker*>(socket);

    // We want to send the device list when the tracker connects
    // for the first time, even if no update occurred.
    if (tracker->update_needed > 0) {
        tracker->update_needed = 0;

        std::string transports = list_transports(false);
        device_tracker_send(tracker, transports);
    }
}

asocket*
create_device_tracker(void)
{
    device_tracker* tracker = reinterpret_cast<device_tracker*>(calloc(1, sizeof(*tracker)));
    if (tracker == nullptr) fatal("cannot allocate device tracker");

    D( "device tracker %p created", tracker);

    tracker->socket.enqueue = device_tracker_enqueue;
    tracker->socket.ready   = device_tracker_ready;
    tracker->socket.close   = device_tracker_close;
    tracker->update_needed  = 1;

    tracker->next       = device_tracker_list;
    device_tracker_list = tracker;

    return &tracker->socket;
}


// Call this function each time the transport list has changed.
void update_transports() {
    std::string transports = list_transports(false);

    device_tracker* tracker = device_tracker_list;
    while (tracker != nullptr) {
        device_tracker* next = tracker->next;
        // This may destroy the tracker if the connection is closed.
        device_tracker_send(tracker, transports);
        tracker = next;
    }
}

#else

void update_transports() {
    // Nothing to do on the device side.
}

#endif // ADB_HOST

struct tmsg
{
    atransport *transport;
    int         action;
};

static int
transport_read_action(int  fd, struct tmsg*  m)
{
    char *p   = (char*)m;
    int   len = sizeof(*m);
    int   r;

    while(len > 0) {
        r = adb_read(fd, p, len);
        if(r > 0) {
            len -= r;
            p   += r;
        } else {
            D("transport_read_action: on fd %d: %s", fd, strerror(errno));
            return -1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static int
transport_write_action(int  fd, struct tmsg*  m)
{
    char *p   = (char*)m;
    int   len = sizeof(*m);
    int   r;

    while(len > 0) {
        r = adb_write(fd, p, len);
        if(r > 0) {
            len -= r;
            p   += r;
        } else {
            D("transport_write_action: on fd %d: %s", fd, strerror(errno));
            return -1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static void transport_registration_func(int _fd, unsigned ev, void *data)
{
    tmsg m;
    int s[2];
    atransport *t;

    if(!(ev & FDE_READ)) {
        return;
    }

    if(transport_read_action(_fd, &m)) {
        fatal_errno("cannot read transport registration socket");
    }

    t = m.transport;

    if (m.action == 0) {
        D("transport: %s removing and free'ing %d", t->serial, t->transport_socket);

            /* IMPORTANT: the remove closes one half of the
            ** socket pair.  The close closes the other half.
            */
        fdevent_remove(&(t->transport_fde));
        adb_close(t->fd);

        adb_mutex_lock(&transport_lock);
        transport_list.remove(t);
        adb_mutex_unlock(&transport_lock);

        if (t->product)
            free(t->product);
        if (t->serial)
            free(t->serial);
        if (t->model)
            free(t->model);
        if (t->device)
            free(t->device);
        if (t->devpath)
            free(t->devpath);

        delete t;

        update_transports();
        return;
    }

    /* don't create transport threads for inaccessible devices */
    if (t->connection_state != kCsNoPerm) {
        /* initial references are the two threads */
        t->ref_count = 2;

        if (adb_socketpair(s)) {
            fatal_errno("cannot open transport socketpair");
        }

        D("transport: %s socketpair: (%d,%d) starting", t->serial, s[0], s[1]);

        t->transport_socket = s[0];
        t->fd = s[1];

        fdevent_install(&(t->transport_fde),
                        t->transport_socket,
                        transport_socket_events,
                        t);

        fdevent_set(&(t->transport_fde), FDE_READ);

        if (!adb_thread_create(write_transport_thread, t)) {
            fatal_errno("cannot create write_transport thread");
        }

        if (!adb_thread_create(read_transport_thread, t)) {
            fatal_errno("cannot create read_transport thread");
        }
    }

    adb_mutex_lock(&transport_lock);
    pending_list.remove(t);
    transport_list.push_front(t);
    adb_mutex_unlock(&transport_lock);

    update_transports();
}

void init_transport_registration(void)
{
    int s[2];

    if(adb_socketpair(s)){
        fatal_errno("cannot open transport registration socketpair");
    }
    D("socketpair: (%d,%d)", s[0], s[1]);

    transport_registration_send = s[0];
    transport_registration_recv = s[1];

    fdevent_install(&transport_registration_fde,
                    transport_registration_recv,
                    transport_registration_func,
                    0);

    fdevent_set(&transport_registration_fde, FDE_READ);
}

/* the fdevent select pump is single threaded */
static void register_transport(atransport *transport)
{
    tmsg m;
    m.transport = transport;
    m.action = 1;
    D("transport: %s registered", transport->serial);
    if(transport_write_action(transport_registration_send, &m)) {
        fatal_errno("cannot write transport registration socket\n");
    }
}

static void remove_transport(atransport *transport)
{
    tmsg m;
    m.transport = transport;
    m.action = 0;
    D("transport: %s removed", transport->serial);
    if(transport_write_action(transport_registration_send, &m)) {
        fatal_errno("cannot write transport registration socket\n");
    }
}


static void transport_unref(atransport* t) {
    CHECK(t != nullptr);
    adb_mutex_lock(&transport_lock);
    CHECK_GT(t->ref_count, 0u);
    t->ref_count--;
    if (t->ref_count == 0) {
        D("transport: %s unref (kicking and closing)", t->serial);
        kick_transport_locked(t);
        t->close(t);
        remove_transport(t);
    } else {
        D("transport: %s unref (count=%zu)", t->serial, t->ref_count);
    }
    adb_mutex_unlock(&transport_lock);
}

static int qual_match(const char *to_test,
                      const char *prefix, const char *qual, bool sanitize_qual)
{
    if (!to_test || !*to_test)
        /* Return true if both the qual and to_test are null strings. */
        return !qual || !*qual;

    if (!qual)
        return 0;

    if (prefix) {
        while (*prefix) {
            if (*prefix++ != *to_test++)
                return 0;
        }
    }

    while (*qual) {
        char ch = *qual++;
        if (sanitize_qual && !isalnum(ch))
            ch = '_';
        if (ch != *to_test++)
            return 0;
    }

    /* Everything matched so far.  Return true if *to_test is a NUL. */
    return !*to_test;
}

atransport* acquire_one_transport(TransportType type, const char* serial,
                                  bool* is_ambiguous, std::string* error_out) {
    atransport* result = nullptr;

    if (serial) {
        *error_out = android::base::StringPrintf("device '%s' not found", serial);
    } else if (type == kTransportLocal) {
        *error_out = "no emulators found";
    } else if (type == kTransportAny) {
        *error_out = "no devices/emulators found";
    } else {
        *error_out = "no devices found";
    }

    adb_mutex_lock(&transport_lock);
    for (const auto& t : transport_list) {
        if (t->connection_state == kCsNoPerm) {
#if ADB_HOST
            *error_out = UsbNoPermissionsLongHelpText();
#endif
            continue;
        }

        // Check for matching serial number.
        if (serial) {
            if (t->MatchesTarget(serial)) {
                if (result) {
                    *error_out = "more than one device";
                    if (is_ambiguous) *is_ambiguous = true;
                    result = nullptr;
                    break;
                }
                result = t;
            }
        } else {
            if (type == kTransportUsb && t->type == kTransportUsb) {
                if (result) {
                    *error_out = "more than one device";
                    if (is_ambiguous) *is_ambiguous = true;
                    result = nullptr;
                    break;
                }
                result = t;
            } else if (type == kTransportLocal && t->type == kTransportLocal) {
                if (result) {
                    *error_out = "more than one emulator";
                    if (is_ambiguous) *is_ambiguous = true;
                    result = nullptr;
                    break;
                }
                result = t;
            } else if (type == kTransportAny) {
                if (result) {
                    *error_out = "more than one device/emulator";
                    if (is_ambiguous) *is_ambiguous = true;
                    result = nullptr;
                    break;
                }
                result = t;
            }
        }
    }
    adb_mutex_unlock(&transport_lock);

    // Don't return unauthorized devices; the caller can't do anything with them.
    if (result && result->connection_state == kCsUnauthorized) {
        *error_out = "device unauthorized.\n";
        char* ADB_VENDOR_KEYS = getenv("ADB_VENDOR_KEYS");
        *error_out += "This adb server's $ADB_VENDOR_KEYS is ";
        *error_out += ADB_VENDOR_KEYS ? ADB_VENDOR_KEYS : "not set";
        *error_out += "\n";
        *error_out += "Try 'adb kill-server' if that seems wrong.\n";
        *error_out += "Otherwise check for a confirmation dialog on your device.";
        result = nullptr;
    }

    // Don't return offline devices; the caller can't do anything with them.
    if (result && result->connection_state == kCsOffline) {
        *error_out = "device offline";
        result = nullptr;
    }

    if (result) {
        *error_out = "success";
    }

    return result;
}

const std::string atransport::connection_state_name() const {
    switch (connection_state) {
        case kCsOffline: return "offline";
        case kCsBootloader: return "bootloader";
        case kCsDevice: return "device";
        case kCsHost: return "host";
        case kCsRecovery: return "recovery";
        case kCsNoPerm: return UsbNoPermissionsShortHelpText();
        case kCsSideload: return "sideload";
        case kCsUnauthorized: return "unauthorized";
        default: return "unknown";
    }
}

void atransport::update_version(int version, size_t payload) {
    protocol_version = std::min(version, A_VERSION);
    max_payload = std::min(payload, MAX_PAYLOAD);
}

int atransport::get_protocol_version() const {
    return protocol_version;
}

size_t atransport::get_max_payload() const {
    return max_payload;
}

namespace {

constexpr char kFeatureStringDelimiter = ',';

}  // namespace

const FeatureSet& supported_features() {
    // Local static allocation to avoid global non-POD variables.
    static const FeatureSet* features = new FeatureSet{
        kFeatureShell2,
        // Internal master has 'cmd'. AOSP master doesn't.
        // kFeatureCmd

        // Increment ADB_SERVER_VERSION whenever the feature list changes to
        // make sure that the adb client and server features stay in sync
        // (http://b/24370690).
    };

    return *features;
}

std::string FeatureSetToString(const FeatureSet& features) {
    return android::base::Join(features, kFeatureStringDelimiter);
}

FeatureSet StringToFeatureSet(const std::string& features_string) {
    if (features_string.empty()) {
        return FeatureSet();
    }

    auto names = android::base::Split(features_string,
                                      {kFeatureStringDelimiter});
    return FeatureSet(names.begin(), names.end());
}

bool CanUseFeature(const FeatureSet& feature_set, const std::string& feature) {
    return feature_set.count(feature) > 0 &&
            supported_features().count(feature) > 0;
}

bool atransport::has_feature(const std::string& feature) const {
    return features_.count(feature) > 0;
}

void atransport::SetFeatures(const std::string& features_string) {
    features_ = StringToFeatureSet(features_string);
}

void atransport::AddDisconnect(adisconnect* disconnect) {
    disconnects_.push_back(disconnect);
}

void atransport::RemoveDisconnect(adisconnect* disconnect) {
    disconnects_.remove(disconnect);
}

void atransport::RunDisconnects() {
    for (const auto& disconnect : disconnects_) {
        disconnect->func(disconnect->opaque, this);
    }
    disconnects_.clear();
}

bool atransport::MatchesTarget(const std::string& target) const {
    if (serial) {
        if (target == serial) {
            return true;
        } else if (type == kTransportLocal) {
            // Local transports can match [tcp:|udp:]<hostname>[:port].
            const char* local_target_ptr = target.c_str();

            // For fastboot compatibility, ignore protocol prefixes.
            if (android::base::StartsWith(target, "tcp:") ||
                    android::base::StartsWith(target, "udp:")) {
                local_target_ptr += 4;
            }

            // Parse our |serial| and the given |target| to check if the hostnames and ports match.
            std::string serial_host, error;
            int serial_port = -1;
            if (android::base::ParseNetAddress(serial, &serial_host, &serial_port, nullptr,
                                               &error)) {
                // |target| may omit the port to default to ours.
                std::string target_host;
                int target_port = serial_port;
                if (android::base::ParseNetAddress(local_target_ptr, &target_host, &target_port,
                                                   nullptr, &error) &&
                        serial_host == target_host && serial_port == target_port) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return (devpath && target == devpath) ||
           qual_match(target.c_str(), "product:", product, false) ||
           qual_match(target.c_str(), "model:", model, true) ||
           qual_match(target.c_str(), "device:", device, false);
}

#if ADB_HOST

static void append_transport_info(std::string* result, const char* key,
                                  const char* value, bool sanitize) {
    if (value == nullptr || *value == '\0') {
        return;
    }

    *result += ' ';
    *result += key;

    for (const char* p = value; *p; ++p) {
        result->push_back((!sanitize || isalnum(*p)) ? *p : '_');
    }
}

static void append_transport(const atransport* t, std::string* result,
                             bool long_listing) {
    const char* serial = t->serial;
    if (!serial || !serial[0]) {
        serial = "(no serial number)";
    }

    if (!long_listing) {
        *result += serial;
        *result += '\t';
        *result += t->connection_state_name();
    } else {
        android::base::StringAppendF(result, "%-22s %s", serial,
                                     t->connection_state_name().c_str());

        append_transport_info(result, "", t->devpath, false);
        append_transport_info(result, "product:", t->product, false);
        append_transport_info(result, "model:", t->model, true);
        append_transport_info(result, "device:", t->device, false);
    }
    *result += '\n';
}

std::string list_transports(bool long_listing) {
    std::string result;
    adb_mutex_lock(&transport_lock);
    for (const auto& t : transport_list) {
        append_transport(t, &result, long_listing);
    }
    adb_mutex_unlock(&transport_lock);
    return result;
}

/* hack for osx */
void close_usb_devices() {
    adb_mutex_lock(&transport_lock);
    for (const auto& t : transport_list) {
        if (!t->kicked) {
            t->kicked = 1;
            t->kick(t);
        }
    }
    adb_mutex_unlock(&transport_lock);
}
#endif // ADB_HOST

int register_socket_transport(int s, const char *serial, int port, int local) {
    atransport* t = new atransport();

    if (!serial) {
        char buf[32];
        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "T-%p", t);
        serial = buf;
    }

    D("transport: %s init'ing for socket %d, on port %d", serial, s, port);
    if (init_socket_transport(t, s, port, local) < 0) {
        delete t;
        return -1;
    }

    adb_mutex_lock(&transport_lock);
    for (const auto& transport : pending_list) {
        if (transport->serial && strcmp(serial, transport->serial) == 0) {
            adb_mutex_unlock(&transport_lock);
            delete t;
            return -1;
        }
    }

    for (const auto& transport : transport_list) {
        if (transport->serial && strcmp(serial, transport->serial) == 0) {
            adb_mutex_unlock(&transport_lock);
            delete t;
            return -1;
        }
    }

    pending_list.push_front(t);
    t->serial = strdup(serial);
    adb_mutex_unlock(&transport_lock);

    register_transport(t);
    return 0;
}

#if ADB_HOST
atransport *find_transport(const char *serial) {
    atransport* result = nullptr;

    adb_mutex_lock(&transport_lock);
    for (auto& t : transport_list) {
        if (t->serial && strcmp(serial, t->serial) == 0) {
            result = t;
            break;
        }
    }
    adb_mutex_unlock(&transport_lock);

    return result;
}

void kick_all_tcp_devices() {
    adb_mutex_lock(&transport_lock);
    for (auto& t : transport_list) {
        // TCP/IP devices have adb_port == 0.
        if (t->type == kTransportLocal && t->adb_port == 0) {
            // Kicking breaks the read_transport thread of this transport out of any read, then
            // the read_transport thread will notify the main thread to make this transport
            // offline. Then the main thread will notify the write_transport thread to exit.
            // Finally, this transport will be closed and freed in the main thread.
            kick_transport_locked(t);
        }
    }
    adb_mutex_unlock(&transport_lock);
}

#endif

void register_usb_transport(usb_handle* usb, const char* serial,
                            const char* devpath, unsigned writeable) {
    atransport* t = new atransport();

    D("transport: %p init'ing for usb_handle %p (sn='%s')", t, usb,
      serial ? serial : "");
    init_usb_transport(t, usb, (writeable ? kCsOffline : kCsNoPerm));
    if(serial) {
        t->serial = strdup(serial);
    }

    if (devpath) {
        t->devpath = strdup(devpath);
    }

    adb_mutex_lock(&transport_lock);
    pending_list.push_front(t);
    adb_mutex_unlock(&transport_lock);

    register_transport(t);
}

// This should only be used for transports with connection_state == kCsNoPerm.
void unregister_usb_transport(usb_handle *usb) {
    adb_mutex_lock(&transport_lock);
    transport_list.remove_if([usb](atransport* t) {
        return t->usb == usb && t->connection_state == kCsNoPerm;
    });
    adb_mutex_unlock(&transport_lock);
}

int check_header(apacket *p, atransport *t)
{
    if(p->msg.magic != (p->msg.command ^ 0xffffffff)) {
        VLOG(RWX) << "check_header(): invalid magic";
        return -1;
    }

    if(p->msg.data_length > t->get_max_payload()) {
        VLOG(RWX) << "check_header(): " << p->msg.data_length << " atransport::max_payload = "
                  << t->get_max_payload();
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;
}

int check_data(apacket *p)
{
    unsigned count, sum;
    unsigned char *x;

    count = p->msg.data_length;
    x = p->data;
    sum = 0;
    while(count-- > 0) {
        sum += *x++;
    }

    if(sum != p->msg.data_check) {
        return -1;
    } else {
        return 0;
    }
}