| #include <stdio.h> | 
 | #include <stdlib.h> | 
 | #include <sys/mman.h> | 
 | #include <fcntl.h> | 
 | #include <string.h> | 
 |  | 
 | static int usage() | 
 | { | 
 |     fprintf(stderr,"r [-b|-s] <address> [<value>]\n"); | 
 |     return -1; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | int r_main(int argc, char *argv[]) | 
 | { | 
 |     int width = 4, set = 0, fd; | 
 |     unsigned addr, value; | 
 |     void *page; | 
 |      | 
 |     if(argc < 2) return usage(); | 
 |  | 
 |     if(!strcmp(argv[1], "-b")) { | 
 |         width = 1; | 
 |         argc--; | 
 |         argv++; | 
 |     } else if(!strcmp(argv[1], "-s")) { | 
 |         width = 2; | 
 |         argc--; | 
 |         argv++; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     if(argc < 2) return usage(); | 
 |     addr = strtoul(argv[1], 0, 16); | 
 |  | 
 |     if(argc > 2) { | 
 |         set = 1; | 
 |         value = strtoul(argv[2], 0, 16); | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     fd = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR | O_SYNC); | 
 |     if(fd < 0) { | 
 |         fprintf(stderr,"cannot open /dev/mem\n"); | 
 |         return -1; | 
 |     } | 
 |      | 
 |     page = mmap(0, 8192, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, | 
 |                 MAP_SHARED, fd, addr & (~4095)); | 
 |  | 
 |     if(page == MAP_FAILED){ | 
 |         fprintf(stderr,"cannot mmap region\n"); | 
 |         return -1; | 
 |     } | 
 |  | 
 |     switch(width){ | 
 |     case 4: { | 
 |         unsigned *x = (unsigned*) (((unsigned) page) + (addr & 4095)); | 
 |         if(set) *x = value; | 
 |         fprintf(stderr,"%08x: %08x\n", addr, *x); | 
 |         break; | 
 |     } | 
 |     case 2: { | 
 |         unsigned short *x = (unsigned short*) (((unsigned) page) + (addr & 4095)); | 
 |         if(set) *x = value; | 
 |         fprintf(stderr,"%08x: %04x\n", addr, *x); | 
 |         break; | 
 |     } | 
 |     case 1: { | 
 |         unsigned char *x = (unsigned char*) (((unsigned) page) + (addr & 4095)); | 
 |         if(set) *x = value; | 
 |         fprintf(stderr,"%08x: %02x\n", addr, *x); | 
 |         break; | 
 |     } | 
 |     }     | 
 |     return 0; | 
 | } |