libs/binder/RpcState.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2020 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#define LOG_TAG "RpcState"

#include "RpcState.h"

#include <android-base/hex.h>
#include <android-base/macros.h>
#include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
#include <binder/BpBinder.h>
#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
#include <binder/RpcServer.h>

#include "Debug.h"
#include "RpcWireFormat.h"
#include "Utils.h"

#include <random>

#include <inttypes.h>

namespace android {

using base::StringPrintf;

#if RPC_FLAKE_PRONE
void rpcMaybeWaitToFlake() {
    [[clang::no_destroy]] static std::random_device r;
    [[clang::no_destroy]] static RpcMutex m;
    unsigned num;
    {
        RpcMutexLockGuard lock(m);
        num = r();
    }
    if (num % 10 == 0) usleep(num % 1000);
}
#endif

static bool enableAncillaryFds(RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode mode) {
    switch (mode) {
        case RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::NONE:
            return false;
        case RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::UNIX:
        case RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::TRUSTY:
            return true;
    }
}

RpcState::RpcState() {}
RpcState::~RpcState() {}

status_t RpcState::onBinderLeaving(const sp<RpcSession>& session, const sp<IBinder>& binder,
                                   uint64_t* outAddress) {
    bool isRemote = binder->remoteBinder();
    bool isRpc = isRemote && binder->remoteBinder()->isRpcBinder();

    if (isRpc && binder->remoteBinder()->getPrivateAccessor().rpcSession() != session) {
        // We need to be able to send instructions over the socket for how to
        // connect to a different server, and we also need to let the host
        // process know that this is happening.
        ALOGE("Cannot send binder from unrelated binder RPC session.");
        return INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    if (isRemote && !isRpc) {
        // Without additional work, this would have the effect of using this
        // process to proxy calls from the socket over to the other process, and
        // it would make those calls look like they come from us (not over the
        // sockets). In order to make this work transparently like binder, we
        // would instead need to send instructions over the socket for how to
        // connect to the host process, and we also need to let the host process
        // know this was happening.
        ALOGE("Cannot send binder proxy %p over sockets", binder.get());
        return INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    RpcMutexLockGuard _l(mNodeMutex);
    if (mTerminated) return DEAD_OBJECT;

    // TODO(b/182939933): maybe move address out of BpBinder, and keep binder->address map
    // in RpcState
    for (auto& [addr, node] : mNodeForAddress) {
        if (binder == node.binder) {
            if (isRpc) {
                // check integrity of data structure
                uint64_t actualAddr = binder->remoteBinder()->getPrivateAccessor().rpcAddress();
                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(addr != actualAddr, "Address mismatch %" PRIu64 " vs %" PRIu64,
                                    addr, actualAddr);
            }
            node.timesSent++;
            node.sentRef = binder; // might already be set
            *outAddress = addr;
            return OK;
        }
    }
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(isRpc, "RPC binder must have known address at this point");

    bool forServer = session->server() != nullptr;

    // arbitrary limit for maximum number of nodes in a process (otherwise we
    // might run out of addresses)
    if (mNodeForAddress.size() > 100000) {
        return NO_MEMORY;
    }

    while (true) {
        RpcWireAddress address{
                .options = RPC_WIRE_ADDRESS_OPTION_CREATED,
                .address = mNextId,
        };
        if (forServer) {
            address.options |= RPC_WIRE_ADDRESS_OPTION_FOR_SERVER;
        }

        // avoid ubsan abort
        if (mNextId >= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
            mNextId = 0;
        } else {
            mNextId++;
        }

        auto&& [it, inserted] = mNodeForAddress.insert({RpcWireAddress::toRaw(address),
                                                        BinderNode{
                                                                .binder = binder,
                                                                .sentRef = binder,
                                                                .timesSent = 1,
                                                        }});
        if (inserted) {
            *outAddress = it->first;
            return OK;
        }
    }
}

status_t RpcState::onBinderEntering(const sp<RpcSession>& session, uint64_t address,
                                    sp<IBinder>* out) {
    // ensure that: if we want to use addresses for something else in the future (for
    //   instance, allowing transitive binder sends), that we don't accidentally
    //   send those addresses to old server. Accidentally ignoring this in that
    //   case and considering the binder to be recognized could cause this
    //   process to accidentally proxy transactions for that binder. Of course,
    //   if we communicate with a binder, it could always be proxying
    //   information. However, we want to make sure that isn't done on accident
    //   by a client.
    RpcWireAddress addr = RpcWireAddress::fromRaw(address);
    constexpr uint32_t kKnownOptions =
            RPC_WIRE_ADDRESS_OPTION_CREATED | RPC_WIRE_ADDRESS_OPTION_FOR_SERVER;
    if (addr.options & ~kKnownOptions) {
        ALOGE("Address is of an unknown type, rejecting: %" PRIu64, address);
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    RpcMutexLockGuard _l(mNodeMutex);
    if (mTerminated) return DEAD_OBJECT;

    if (auto it = mNodeForAddress.find(address); it != mNodeForAddress.end()) {
        *out = it->second.binder.promote();

        // implicitly have strong RPC refcount, since we received this binder
        it->second.timesRecd++;
        return OK;
    }

    // we don't know about this binder, so the other side of the connection
    // should have created it.
    if ((addr.options & RPC_WIRE_ADDRESS_OPTION_FOR_SERVER) == !!session->server()) {
        ALOGE("Server received unrecognized address which we should own the creation of %" PRIu64,
              address);
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    auto&& [it, inserted] = mNodeForAddress.insert({address, BinderNode{}});
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!inserted, "Failed to insert binder when creating proxy");

    // Currently, all binders are assumed to be part of the same session (no
    // device global binders in the RPC world).
    it->second.binder = *out = BpBinder::PrivateAccessor::create(session, it->first);
    it->second.timesRecd = 1;
    return OK;
}

status_t RpcState::flushExcessBinderRefs(const sp<RpcSession>& session, uint64_t address,
                                         const sp<IBinder>& binder) {
    // We can flush all references when the binder is destroyed. No need to send
    // extra reference counting packets now.
    if (binder->remoteBinder()) return OK;

    RpcMutexUniqueLock _l(mNodeMutex);
    if (mTerminated) return DEAD_OBJECT;

    auto it = mNodeForAddress.find(address);

    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it == mNodeForAddress.end(), "Can't be deleted while we hold sp<>");
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it->second.binder != binder,
                        "Caller of flushExcessBinderRefs using inconsistent arguments");

    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it->second.timesSent <= 0, "Local binder must have been sent %p",
                        binder.get());

    // For a local binder, we only need to know that we sent it. Now that we
    // have an sp<> for this call, we don't need anything more. If the other
    // process is done with this binder, it needs to know we received the
    // refcount associated with this call, so we can acknowledge that we
    // received it. Once (or if) it has no other refcounts, it would reply with
    // its own decStrong so that it could be removed from this session.
    if (it->second.timesRecd != 0) {
        _l.unlock();

        return session->sendDecStrongToTarget(address, 0);
    }

    return OK;
}

status_t RpcState::sendObituaries(const sp<RpcSession>& session) {
    RpcMutexUniqueLock _l(mNodeMutex);

    // Gather strong pointers to all of the remote binders for this session so
    // we hold the strong references. remoteBinder() returns a raw pointer.
    // Send the obituaries and drop the strong pointers outside of the lock so
    // the destructors and the onBinderDied calls are not done while locked.
    std::vector<sp<IBinder>> remoteBinders;
    for (const auto& [_, binderNode] : mNodeForAddress) {
        if (auto binder = binderNode.binder.promote()) {
            remoteBinders.push_back(std::move(binder));
        }
    }
    _l.unlock();

    for (const auto& binder : remoteBinders) {
        if (binder->remoteBinder() &&
            binder->remoteBinder()->getPrivateAccessor().rpcSession() == session) {
            binder->remoteBinder()->sendObituary();
        }
    }
    return OK;
}

size_t RpcState::countBinders() {
    RpcMutexLockGuard _l(mNodeMutex);
    return mNodeForAddress.size();
}

void RpcState::dump() {
    RpcMutexLockGuard _l(mNodeMutex);
    dumpLocked();
}

void RpcState::clear() {
    RpcMutexUniqueLock _l(mNodeMutex);

    if (mTerminated) {
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!mNodeForAddress.empty(),
                            "New state should be impossible after terminating!");
        return;
    }
    mTerminated = true;

    if (SHOULD_LOG_RPC_DETAIL) {
        ALOGE("RpcState::clear()");
        dumpLocked();
    }

    // invariants
    for (auto& [address, node] : mNodeForAddress) {
        bool guaranteedHaveBinder = node.timesSent > 0;
        if (guaranteedHaveBinder) {
            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(node.sentRef == nullptr,
                                "Binder expected to be owned with address: %" PRIu64 " %s", address,
                                node.toString().c_str());
        }
    }

    // if the destructor of a binder object makes another RPC call, then calling
    // decStrong could deadlock. So, we must hold onto these binders until
    // mNodeMutex is no longer taken.
    auto temp = std::move(mNodeForAddress);
    mNodeForAddress.clear(); // RpcState isn't reusable, but for future/explicit

    _l.unlock();
    temp.clear(); // explicit
}

void RpcState::dumpLocked() {
    ALOGE("DUMP OF RpcState %p", this);
    ALOGE("DUMP OF RpcState (%zu nodes)", mNodeForAddress.size());
    for (const auto& [address, node] : mNodeForAddress) {
        ALOGE("- address: %" PRIu64 " %s", address, node.toString().c_str());
    }
    ALOGE("END DUMP OF RpcState");
}

std::string RpcState::BinderNode::toString() const {
    sp<IBinder> strongBinder = this->binder.promote();

    const char* desc;
    if (strongBinder) {
        if (strongBinder->remoteBinder()) {
            if (strongBinder->remoteBinder()->isRpcBinder()) {
                desc = "(rpc binder proxy)";
            } else {
                desc = "(binder proxy)";
            }
        } else {
            desc = "(local binder)";
        }
    } else {
        desc = "(not promotable)";
    }

    return StringPrintf("node{%p times sent: %zu times recd: %zu type: %s}",
                        this->binder.unsafe_get(), this->timesSent, this->timesRecd, desc);
}

RpcState::CommandData::CommandData(size_t size) : mSize(size) {
    // The maximum size for regular binder is 1MB for all concurrent
    // transactions. A very small proportion of transactions are even
    // larger than a page, but we need to avoid allocating too much
    // data on behalf of an arbitrary client, or we could risk being in
    // a position where a single additional allocation could run out of
    // memory.
    //
    // Note, this limit may not reflect the total amount of data allocated for a
    // transaction (in some cases, additional fixed size amounts are added),
    // though for rough consistency, we should avoid cases where this data type
    // is used for multiple dynamic allocations for a single transaction.
    constexpr size_t kMaxTransactionAllocation = 100 * 1000;
    if (size == 0) return;
    if (size > kMaxTransactionAllocation) {
        ALOGW("Transaction requested too much data allocation %zu", size);
        return;
    }
    mData.reset(new (std::nothrow) uint8_t[size]);
}

status_t RpcState::rpcSend(
        const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection, const sp<RpcSession>& session,
        const char* what, iovec* iovs, int niovs,
        const std::optional<android::base::function_ref<status_t()>>& altPoll,
        const std::vector<std::variant<base::unique_fd, base::borrowed_fd>>* ancillaryFds) {
    for (int i = 0; i < niovs; i++) {
        LOG_RPC_DETAIL("Sending %s (part %d of %d) on RpcTransport %p: %s",
                       what, i + 1, niovs, connection->rpcTransport.get(),
                       android::base::HexString(iovs[i].iov_base, iovs[i].iov_len).c_str());
    }

    if (status_t status =
                connection->rpcTransport->interruptableWriteFully(session->mShutdownTrigger.get(),
                                                                  iovs, niovs, altPoll,
                                                                  ancillaryFds);
        status != OK) {
        LOG_RPC_DETAIL("Failed to write %s (%d iovs) on RpcTransport %p, error: %s", what, niovs,
                       connection->rpcTransport.get(), statusToString(status).c_str());
        (void)session->shutdownAndWait(false);
        return status;
    }

    return OK;
}

status_t RpcState::rpcRec(
        const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection, const sp<RpcSession>& session,
        const char* what, iovec* iovs, int niovs,
        std::vector<std::variant<base::unique_fd, base::borrowed_fd>>* ancillaryFds) {
    if (status_t status =
                connection->rpcTransport->interruptableReadFully(session->mShutdownTrigger.get(),
                                                                 iovs, niovs, std::nullopt,
                                                                 ancillaryFds);
        status != OK) {
        LOG_RPC_DETAIL("Failed to read %s (%d iovs) on RpcTransport %p, error: %s", what, niovs,
                       connection->rpcTransport.get(), statusToString(status).c_str());
        (void)session->shutdownAndWait(false);
        return status;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < niovs; i++) {
        LOG_RPC_DETAIL("Received %s (part %d of %d) on RpcTransport %p: %s",
                       what, i + 1, niovs, connection->rpcTransport.get(),
                       android::base::HexString(iovs[i].iov_base, iovs[i].iov_len).c_str());
    }
    return OK;
}

status_t RpcState::readNewSessionResponse(const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection,
                                          const sp<RpcSession>& session, uint32_t* version) {
    RpcNewSessionResponse response;
    iovec iov{&response, sizeof(response)};
    if (status_t status = rpcRec(connection, session, "new session response", &iov, 1, nullptr);
        status != OK) {
        return status;
    }
    *version = response.version;
    return OK;
}

status_t RpcState::sendConnectionInit(const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection,
                                      const sp<RpcSession>& session) {
    RpcOutgoingConnectionInit init{
            .msg = RPC_CONNECTION_INIT_OKAY,
    };
    iovec iov{&init, sizeof(init)};
    return rpcSend(connection, session, "connection init", &iov, 1, std::nullopt);
}

status_t RpcState::readConnectionInit(const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection,
                                      const sp<RpcSession>& session) {
    RpcOutgoingConnectionInit init;
    iovec iov{&init, sizeof(init)};
    if (status_t status = rpcRec(connection, session, "connection init", &iov, 1, nullptr);
        status != OK)
        return status;

    static_assert(sizeof(init.msg) == sizeof(RPC_CONNECTION_INIT_OKAY));
    if (0 != strncmp(init.msg, RPC_CONNECTION_INIT_OKAY, sizeof(init.msg))) {
        ALOGE("Connection init message unrecognized %.*s", static_cast<int>(sizeof(init.msg)),
              init.msg);
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }
    return OK;
}

sp<IBinder> RpcState::getRootObject(const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection,
                                    const sp<RpcSession>& session) {
    Parcel data;
    data.markForRpc(session);
    Parcel reply;

    status_t status =
            transactAddress(connection, 0, RPC_SPECIAL_TRANSACT_GET_ROOT, data, session, &reply, 0);
    if (status != OK) {
        ALOGE("Error getting root object: %s", statusToString(status).c_str());
        return nullptr;
    }

    return reply.readStrongBinder();
}

status_t RpcState::getMaxThreads(const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection,
                                 const sp<RpcSession>& session, size_t* maxThreadsOut) {
    Parcel data;
    data.markForRpc(session);
    Parcel reply;

    status_t status = transactAddress(connection, 0, RPC_SPECIAL_TRANSACT_GET_MAX_THREADS, data,
                                      session, &reply, 0);
    if (status != OK) {
        ALOGE("Error getting max threads: %s", statusToString(status).c_str());
        return status;
    }

    int32_t maxThreads;
    status = reply.readInt32(&maxThreads);
    if (status != OK) return status;
    if (maxThreads <= 0) {
        ALOGE("Error invalid max maxThreads: %d", maxThreads);
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    *maxThreadsOut = maxThreads;
    return OK;
}

status_t RpcState::getSessionId(const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection,
                                const sp<RpcSession>& session, std::vector<uint8_t>* sessionIdOut) {
    Parcel data;
    data.markForRpc(session);
    Parcel reply;

    status_t status = transactAddress(connection, 0, RPC_SPECIAL_TRANSACT_GET_SESSION_ID, data,
                                      session, &reply, 0);
    if (status != OK) {
        ALOGE("Error getting session ID: %s", statusToString(status).c_str());
        return status;
    }

    return reply.readByteVector(sessionIdOut);
}

status_t RpcState::transact(const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection,
                            const sp<IBinder>& binder, uint32_t code, const Parcel& data,
                            const sp<RpcSession>& session, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags) {
    std::string errorMsg;
    if (status_t status = validateParcel(session, data, &errorMsg); status != OK) {
        ALOGE("Refusing to send RPC on binder %p code %" PRIu32 ": Parcel %p failed validation: %s",
              binder.get(), code, &data, errorMsg.c_str());
        return status;
    }
    uint64_t address;
    if (status_t status = onBinderLeaving(session, binder, &address); status != OK) return status;

    return transactAddress(connection, address, code, data, session, reply, flags);
}

status_t RpcState::transactAddress(const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection,
                                   uint64_t address, uint32_t code, const Parcel& data,
                                   const sp<RpcSession>& session, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags) {
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!data.isForRpc());
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(data.objectsCount() != 0);

    uint64_t asyncNumber = 0;

    if (address != 0) {
        RpcMutexUniqueLock _l(mNodeMutex);
        if (mTerminated) return DEAD_OBJECT; // avoid fatal only, otherwise races
        auto it = mNodeForAddress.find(address);
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it == mNodeForAddress.end(),
                            "Sending transact on unknown address %" PRIu64, address);

        if (flags & IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY) {
            asyncNumber = it->second.asyncNumber;
            if (!nodeProgressAsyncNumber(&it->second)) {
                _l.unlock();
                (void)session->shutdownAndWait(false);
                return DEAD_OBJECT;
            }
        }
    }

    auto* rpcFields = data.maybeRpcFields();
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(rpcFields == nullptr);

    Span<const uint32_t> objectTableSpan = Span<const uint32_t>{rpcFields->mObjectPositions.data(),
                                                                rpcFields->mObjectPositions.size()};

    uint32_t bodySize;
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(__builtin_add_overflow(sizeof(RpcWireTransaction), data.dataSize(),
                                               &bodySize) ||
                                __builtin_add_overflow(objectTableSpan.byteSize(), bodySize,
                                                       &bodySize),
                        "Too much data %zu", data.dataSize());
    RpcWireHeader command{
            .command = RPC_COMMAND_TRANSACT,
            .bodySize = bodySize,
    };

    RpcWireTransaction transaction{
            .address = RpcWireAddress::fromRaw(address),
            .code = code,
            .flags = flags,
            .asyncNumber = asyncNumber,
            // bodySize didn't overflow => this cast is safe
            .parcelDataSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(data.dataSize()),
    };

    constexpr size_t kWaitMaxUs = 1000000;
    constexpr size_t kWaitLogUs = 10000;
    size_t waitUs = 0;

    // Oneway calls have no sync point, so if many are sent before, whether this
    // is a twoway or oneway transaction, they may have filled up the socket.
    // So, make sure we drain them before polling

    iovec iovs[]{
            {&command, sizeof(RpcWireHeader)},
            {&transaction, sizeof(RpcWireTransaction)},
            {const_cast<uint8_t*>(data.data()), data.dataSize()},
            objectTableSpan.toIovec(),
    };
    if (status_t status = rpcSend(
                connection, session, "transaction", iovs, arraysize(iovs),
                [&] {
                    if (waitUs > kWaitLogUs) {
                        ALOGE("Cannot send command, trying to process pending refcounts. Waiting "
                              "%zuus. Too many oneway calls?",
                              waitUs);
                    }

                    if (waitUs > 0) {
                        usleep(waitUs);
                        waitUs = std::min(kWaitMaxUs, waitUs * 2);
                    } else {
                        waitUs = 1;
                    }

                    return drainCommands(connection, session, CommandType::CONTROL_ONLY);
                },
                rpcFields->mFds.get());
        status != OK) {
        // TODO(b/167966510): need to undo onBinderLeaving - we know the
        // refcount isn't successfully transferred.
        return status;
    }

    if (flags & IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY) {
        LOG_RPC_DETAIL("Oneway command, so no longer waiting on RpcTransport %p",
                       connection->rpcTransport.get());

        // Do not wait on result.
        return OK;
    }

    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(reply == nullptr, "Reply parcel must be used for synchronous transaction.");

    return waitForReply(connection, session, reply);
}

static void cleanup_reply_data(const uint8_t* data, size_t dataSize, const binder_size_t* objects,
                               size_t objectsCount) {
    delete[] const_cast<uint8_t*>(data);
    (void)dataSize;
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(objects != nullptr);
    (void)objectsCount;
}

status_t RpcState::waitForReply(const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection,
                                const sp<RpcSession>& session, Parcel* reply) {
    std::vector<std::variant<base::unique_fd, base::borrowed_fd>> ancillaryFds;
    RpcWireHeader command;
    while (true) {
        iovec iov{&command, sizeof(command)};
        if (status_t status = rpcRec(connection, session, "command header (for reply)", &iov, 1,
                                     enableAncillaryFds(session->getFileDescriptorTransportMode())
                                             ? &ancillaryFds
                                             : nullptr);
            status != OK)
            return status;

        if (command.command == RPC_COMMAND_REPLY) break;

        if (status_t status = processCommand(connection, session, command, CommandType::ANY,
                                             std::move(ancillaryFds));
            status != OK)
            return status;

        // Reset to avoid spurious use-after-move warning from clang-tidy.
        ancillaryFds = decltype(ancillaryFds)();
    }

    const size_t rpcReplyWireSize = RpcWireReply::wireSize(session->getProtocolVersion().value());

    if (command.bodySize < rpcReplyWireSize) {
        ALOGE("Expecting %zu but got %" PRId32 " bytes for RpcWireReply. Terminating!",
              sizeof(RpcWireReply), command.bodySize);
        (void)session->shutdownAndWait(false);
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    RpcWireReply rpcReply;
    memset(&rpcReply, 0, sizeof(RpcWireReply)); // zero because of potential short read

    CommandData data(command.bodySize - rpcReplyWireSize);
    if (!data.valid()) return NO_MEMORY;

    iovec iovs[]{
            {&rpcReply, rpcReplyWireSize},
            {data.data(), data.size()},
    };
    if (status_t status = rpcRec(connection, session, "reply body", iovs, arraysize(iovs), nullptr);
        status != OK)
        return status;

    if (rpcReply.status != OK) return rpcReply.status;

    Span<const uint8_t> parcelSpan = {data.data(), data.size()};
    Span<const uint32_t> objectTableSpan;
    if (session->getProtocolVersion().value() >=
        RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_RPC_HEADER_FEATURE_EXPLICIT_PARCEL_SIZE) {
        std::optional<Span<const uint8_t>> objectTableBytes =
                parcelSpan.splitOff(rpcReply.parcelDataSize);
        if (!objectTableBytes.has_value()) {
            ALOGE("Parcel size larger than available bytes: %" PRId32 " vs %zu. Terminating!",
                  rpcReply.parcelDataSize, parcelSpan.byteSize());
            (void)session->shutdownAndWait(false);
            return BAD_VALUE;
        }
        std::optional<Span<const uint32_t>> maybeSpan =
                objectTableBytes->reinterpret<const uint32_t>();
        if (!maybeSpan.has_value()) {
            ALOGE("Bad object table size inferred from RpcWireReply. Saw bodySize=%" PRId32
                  " sizeofHeader=%zu parcelSize=%" PRId32 " objectTableBytesSize=%zu. Terminating!",
                  command.bodySize, rpcReplyWireSize, rpcReply.parcelDataSize,
                  objectTableBytes->size);
            return BAD_VALUE;
        }
        objectTableSpan = *maybeSpan;
    }

    data.release();
    return reply->rpcSetDataReference(session, parcelSpan.data, parcelSpan.size,
                                      objectTableSpan.data, objectTableSpan.size,
                                      std::move(ancillaryFds), cleanup_reply_data);
}

status_t RpcState::sendDecStrongToTarget(const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection,
                                         const sp<RpcSession>& session, uint64_t addr,
                                         size_t target) {
    RpcDecStrong body = {
            .address = RpcWireAddress::fromRaw(addr),
    };

    {
        RpcMutexLockGuard _l(mNodeMutex);
        if (mTerminated) return DEAD_OBJECT; // avoid fatal only, otherwise races
        auto it = mNodeForAddress.find(addr);
        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it == mNodeForAddress.end(),
                            "Sending dec strong on unknown address %" PRIu64, addr);

        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it->second.timesRecd < target, "Can't dec count of %zu to %zu.",
                            it->second.timesRecd, target);

        // typically this happens when multiple threads send dec refs at the
        // same time - the transactions will get combined automatically
        if (it->second.timesRecd == target) return OK;

        body.amount = it->second.timesRecd - target;
        it->second.timesRecd = target;

        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(nullptr != tryEraseNode(it),
                            "Bad state. RpcState shouldn't own received binder");
    }

    RpcWireHeader cmd = {
            .command = RPC_COMMAND_DEC_STRONG,
            .bodySize = sizeof(RpcDecStrong),
    };
    iovec iovs[]{{&cmd, sizeof(cmd)}, {&body, sizeof(body)}};
    return rpcSend(connection, session, "dec ref", iovs, arraysize(iovs), std::nullopt);
}

status_t RpcState::getAndExecuteCommand(const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection,
                                        const sp<RpcSession>& session, CommandType type) {
    LOG_RPC_DETAIL("getAndExecuteCommand on RpcTransport %p", connection->rpcTransport.get());

    std::vector<std::variant<base::unique_fd, base::borrowed_fd>> ancillaryFds;
    RpcWireHeader command;
    iovec iov{&command, sizeof(command)};
    if (status_t status =
                rpcRec(connection, session, "command header (for server)", &iov, 1,
                       enableAncillaryFds(session->getFileDescriptorTransportMode()) ? &ancillaryFds
                                                                                     : nullptr);
        status != OK)
        return status;

    return processCommand(connection, session, command, type, std::move(ancillaryFds));
}

status_t RpcState::drainCommands(const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection,
                                 const sp<RpcSession>& session, CommandType type) {
    while (true) {
        status_t status = connection->rpcTransport->pollRead();
        if (status == WOULD_BLOCK) break;
        if (status != OK) return status;

        status = getAndExecuteCommand(connection, session, type);
        if (status != OK) return status;
    }
    return OK;
}

status_t RpcState::processCommand(
        const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection, const sp<RpcSession>& session,
        const RpcWireHeader& command, CommandType type,
        std::vector<std::variant<base::unique_fd, base::borrowed_fd>>&& ancillaryFds) {
#ifdef BINDER_WITH_KERNEL_IPC
    IPCThreadState* kernelBinderState = IPCThreadState::selfOrNull();
    IPCThreadState::SpGuard spGuard{
            .address = __builtin_frame_address(0),
            .context = "processing binder RPC command (where RpcServer::setPerSessionRootObject is "
                       "used to distinguish callers)",
    };
    const IPCThreadState::SpGuard* origGuard;
    if (kernelBinderState != nullptr) {
        origGuard = kernelBinderState->pushGetCallingSpGuard(&spGuard);
    }

    base::ScopeGuard guardUnguard = [&]() {
        if (kernelBinderState != nullptr) {
            kernelBinderState->restoreGetCallingSpGuard(origGuard);
        }
    };
#endif // BINDER_WITH_KERNEL_IPC

    switch (command.command) {
        case RPC_COMMAND_TRANSACT:
            if (type != CommandType::ANY) return BAD_TYPE;
            return processTransact(connection, session, command, std::move(ancillaryFds));
        case RPC_COMMAND_DEC_STRONG:
            return processDecStrong(connection, session, command);
    }

    // We should always know the version of the opposing side, and since the
    // RPC-binder-level wire protocol is not self synchronizing, we have no way
    // to understand where the current command ends and the next one begins. We
    // also can't consider it a fatal error because this would allow any client
    // to kill us, so ending the session for misbehaving client.
    ALOGE("Unknown RPC command %d - terminating session", command.command);
    (void)session->shutdownAndWait(false);
    return DEAD_OBJECT;
}
status_t RpcState::processTransact(
        const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection, const sp<RpcSession>& session,
        const RpcWireHeader& command,
        std::vector<std::variant<base::unique_fd, base::borrowed_fd>>&& ancillaryFds) {
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(command.command != RPC_COMMAND_TRANSACT, "command: %d", command.command);

    CommandData transactionData(command.bodySize);
    if (!transactionData.valid()) {
        return NO_MEMORY;
    }
    iovec iov{transactionData.data(), transactionData.size()};
    if (status_t status = rpcRec(connection, session, "transaction body", &iov, 1, nullptr);
        status != OK)
        return status;

    return processTransactInternal(connection, session, std::move(transactionData),
                                   std::move(ancillaryFds));
}

static void do_nothing_to_transact_data(const uint8_t* data, size_t dataSize,
                                        const binder_size_t* objects, size_t objectsCount) {
    (void)data;
    (void)dataSize;
    (void)objects;
    (void)objectsCount;
}

status_t RpcState::processTransactInternal(
        const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection, const sp<RpcSession>& session,
        CommandData transactionData,
        std::vector<std::variant<base::unique_fd, base::borrowed_fd>>&& ancillaryFds) {
    // for 'recursive' calls to this, we have already read and processed the
    // binder from the transaction data and taken reference counts into account,
    // so it is cached here.
    sp<IBinder> target;
processTransactInternalTailCall:

    if (transactionData.size() < sizeof(RpcWireTransaction)) {
        ALOGE("Expecting %zu but got %zu bytes for RpcWireTransaction. Terminating!",
              sizeof(RpcWireTransaction), transactionData.size());
        (void)session->shutdownAndWait(false);
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }
    RpcWireTransaction* transaction = reinterpret_cast<RpcWireTransaction*>(transactionData.data());

    uint64_t addr = RpcWireAddress::toRaw(transaction->address);
    bool oneway = transaction->flags & IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY;

    status_t replyStatus = OK;
    if (addr != 0) {
        if (!target) {
            replyStatus = onBinderEntering(session, addr, &target);
        }

        if (replyStatus != OK) {
            // do nothing
        } else if (target == nullptr) {
            // This can happen if the binder is remote in this process, and
            // another thread has called the last decStrong on this binder.
            // However, for local binders, it indicates a misbehaving client
            // (any binder which is being transacted on should be holding a
            // strong ref count), so in either case, terminating the
            // session.
            ALOGE("While transacting, binder has been deleted at address %" PRIu64 ". Terminating!",
                  addr);
            (void)session->shutdownAndWait(false);
            replyStatus = BAD_VALUE;
        } else if (target->localBinder() == nullptr) {
            ALOGE("Unknown binder address or non-local binder, not address %" PRIu64
                  ". Terminating!",
                  addr);
            (void)session->shutdownAndWait(false);
            replyStatus = BAD_VALUE;
        } else if (oneway) {
            RpcMutexUniqueLock _l(mNodeMutex);
            auto it = mNodeForAddress.find(addr);
            if (it->second.binder.promote() != target) {
                ALOGE("Binder became invalid during transaction. Bad client? %" PRIu64, addr);
                replyStatus = BAD_VALUE;
            } else if (transaction->asyncNumber != it->second.asyncNumber) {
                // we need to process some other asynchronous transaction
                // first
                it->second.asyncTodo.push(BinderNode::AsyncTodo{
                        .ref = target,
                        .data = std::move(transactionData),
                        .asyncNumber = transaction->asyncNumber,
                });

                size_t numPending = it->second.asyncTodo.size();
                LOG_RPC_DETAIL("Enqueuing %" PRIu64 " on %" PRIu64 " (%zu pending)",
                               transaction->asyncNumber, addr, numPending);

                constexpr size_t kArbitraryOnewayCallTerminateLevel = 10000;
                constexpr size_t kArbitraryOnewayCallWarnLevel = 1000;
                constexpr size_t kArbitraryOnewayCallWarnPer = 1000;

                if (numPending >= kArbitraryOnewayCallWarnLevel) {
                    if (numPending >= kArbitraryOnewayCallTerminateLevel) {
                        ALOGE("WARNING: %zu pending oneway transactions. Terminating!", numPending);
                        _l.unlock();
                        (void)session->shutdownAndWait(false);
                        return FAILED_TRANSACTION;
                    }

                    if (numPending % kArbitraryOnewayCallWarnPer == 0) {
                        ALOGW("Warning: many oneway transactions built up on %p (%zu)",
                              target.get(), numPending);
                    }
                }
                return OK;
            }
        }
    }

    Parcel reply;
    reply.markForRpc(session);

    if (replyStatus == OK) {
        Span<const uint8_t> parcelSpan = {transaction->data,
                                          transactionData.size() -
                                                  offsetof(RpcWireTransaction, data)};
        Span<const uint32_t> objectTableSpan;
        if (session->getProtocolVersion().value() >
            RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_RPC_HEADER_FEATURE_EXPLICIT_PARCEL_SIZE) {
            std::optional<Span<const uint8_t>> objectTableBytes =
                    parcelSpan.splitOff(transaction->parcelDataSize);
            if (!objectTableBytes.has_value()) {
                ALOGE("Parcel size (%" PRId32 ") greater than available bytes (%zu). Terminating!",
                      transaction->parcelDataSize, parcelSpan.byteSize());
                (void)session->shutdownAndWait(false);
                return BAD_VALUE;
            }
            std::optional<Span<const uint32_t>> maybeSpan =
                    objectTableBytes->reinterpret<const uint32_t>();
            if (!maybeSpan.has_value()) {
                ALOGE("Bad object table size inferred from RpcWireTransaction. Saw bodySize=%zu "
                      "sizeofHeader=%zu parcelSize=%" PRId32
                      " objectTableBytesSize=%zu. Terminating!",
                      transactionData.size(), sizeof(RpcWireTransaction),
                      transaction->parcelDataSize, objectTableBytes->size);
                return BAD_VALUE;
            }
            objectTableSpan = *maybeSpan;
        }

        Parcel data;
        // transaction->data is owned by this function. Parcel borrows this data and
        // only holds onto it for the duration of this function call. Parcel will be
        // deleted before the 'transactionData' object.

        replyStatus =
                data.rpcSetDataReference(session, parcelSpan.data, parcelSpan.size,
                                         objectTableSpan.data, objectTableSpan.size,
                                         std::move(ancillaryFds), do_nothing_to_transact_data);
        // Reset to avoid spurious use-after-move warning from clang-tidy.
        ancillaryFds = std::remove_reference<decltype(ancillaryFds)>::type();

        if (replyStatus == OK) {
            if (target) {
                bool origAllowNested = connection->allowNested;
                connection->allowNested = !oneway;

                replyStatus = target->transact(transaction->code, data, &reply, transaction->flags);

                connection->allowNested = origAllowNested;
            } else {
                LOG_RPC_DETAIL("Got special transaction %u", transaction->code);

                switch (transaction->code) {
                    case RPC_SPECIAL_TRANSACT_GET_MAX_THREADS: {
                        replyStatus = reply.writeInt32(session->getMaxIncomingThreads());
                        break;
                    }
                    case RPC_SPECIAL_TRANSACT_GET_SESSION_ID: {
                        // for client connections, this should always report the value
                        // originally returned from the server, so this is asserting
                        // that it exists
                        replyStatus = reply.writeByteVector(session->mId);
                        break;
                    }
                    default: {
                        sp<RpcServer> server = session->server();
                        if (server) {
                            switch (transaction->code) {
                                case RPC_SPECIAL_TRANSACT_GET_ROOT: {
                                    sp<IBinder> root = session->mSessionSpecificRootObject
                                            ?: server->getRootObject();
                                    replyStatus = reply.writeStrongBinder(root);
                                    break;
                                }
                                default: {
                                    replyStatus = UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION;
                                }
                            }
                        } else {
                            ALOGE("Special command sent, but no server object attached.");
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (oneway) {
        if (replyStatus != OK) {
            ALOGW("Oneway call failed with error: %d", replyStatus);
        }

        LOG_RPC_DETAIL("Processed async transaction %" PRIu64 " on %" PRIu64,
                       transaction->asyncNumber, addr);

        // Check to see if there is another asynchronous transaction to process.
        // This behavior differs from binder behavior, since in the binder
        // driver, asynchronous transactions will be processed after existing
        // pending binder transactions on the queue. The downside of this is
        // that asynchronous transactions can be drowned out by synchronous
        // transactions. However, we have no easy way to queue these
        // transactions after the synchronous transactions we may want to read
        // from the wire. So, in socket binder here, we have the opposite
        // downside: asynchronous transactions may drown out synchronous
        // transactions.
        {
            RpcMutexUniqueLock _l(mNodeMutex);
            auto it = mNodeForAddress.find(addr);
            // last refcount dropped after this transaction happened
            if (it == mNodeForAddress.end()) return OK;

            if (!nodeProgressAsyncNumber(&it->second)) {
                _l.unlock();
                (void)session->shutdownAndWait(false);
                return DEAD_OBJECT;
            }

            if (it->second.asyncTodo.size() == 0) return OK;
            if (it->second.asyncTodo.top().asyncNumber == it->second.asyncNumber) {
                LOG_RPC_DETAIL("Found next async transaction %" PRIu64 " on %" PRIu64,
                               it->second.asyncNumber, addr);

                // justification for const_cast (consider avoiding priority_queue):
                // - AsyncTodo operator< doesn't depend on 'data' or 'ref' objects
                // - gotta go fast
                auto& todo = const_cast<BinderNode::AsyncTodo&>(it->second.asyncTodo.top());

                // reset up arguments
                transactionData = std::move(todo.data);
                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(target != todo.ref,
                                    "async list should be associated with a binder");

                it->second.asyncTodo.pop();
                goto processTransactInternalTailCall;
            }
        }

        // done processing all the async commands on this binder that we can, so
        // write decstrongs on the binder
        if (addr != 0 && replyStatus == OK) {
            return flushExcessBinderRefs(session, addr, target);
        }

        return OK;
    }

    // Binder refs are flushed for oneway calls only after all calls which are
    // built up are executed. Otherwise, they fill up the binder buffer.
    if (addr != 0 && replyStatus == OK) {
        replyStatus = flushExcessBinderRefs(session, addr, target);
    }

    std::string errorMsg;
    if (status_t status = validateParcel(session, reply, &errorMsg); status != OK) {
        ALOGE("Reply Parcel failed validation: %s", errorMsg.c_str());
        // Forward the error to the client of the transaction.
        reply.freeData();
        reply.markForRpc(session);
        replyStatus = status;
    }

    auto* rpcFields = reply.maybeRpcFields();
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(rpcFields == nullptr);

    const size_t rpcReplyWireSize = RpcWireReply::wireSize(session->getProtocolVersion().value());

    Span<const uint32_t> objectTableSpan = Span<const uint32_t>{rpcFields->mObjectPositions.data(),
                                                                rpcFields->mObjectPositions.size()};

    uint32_t bodySize;
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(__builtin_add_overflow(rpcReplyWireSize, reply.dataSize(), &bodySize) ||
                                __builtin_add_overflow(objectTableSpan.byteSize(), bodySize,
                                                       &bodySize),
                        "Too much data for reply %zu", reply.dataSize());
    RpcWireHeader cmdReply{
            .command = RPC_COMMAND_REPLY,
            .bodySize = bodySize,
    };
    RpcWireReply rpcReply{
            .status = replyStatus,
            // NOTE: Not necessarily written to socket depending on session
            // version.
            // NOTE: bodySize didn't overflow => this cast is safe
            .parcelDataSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(reply.dataSize()),
            .reserved = {0, 0, 0},
    };
    iovec iovs[]{
            {&cmdReply, sizeof(RpcWireHeader)},
            {&rpcReply, rpcReplyWireSize},
            {const_cast<uint8_t*>(reply.data()), reply.dataSize()},
            objectTableSpan.toIovec(),
    };
    return rpcSend(connection, session, "reply", iovs, arraysize(iovs), std::nullopt,
                   rpcFields->mFds.get());
}

status_t RpcState::processDecStrong(const sp<RpcSession::RpcConnection>& connection,
                                    const sp<RpcSession>& session, const RpcWireHeader& command) {
    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(command.command != RPC_COMMAND_DEC_STRONG, "command: %d", command.command);

    if (command.bodySize != sizeof(RpcDecStrong)) {
        ALOGE("Expecting %zu but got %" PRId32 " bytes for RpcDecStrong. Terminating!",
              sizeof(RpcDecStrong), command.bodySize);
        (void)session->shutdownAndWait(false);
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    RpcDecStrong body;
    iovec iov{&body, sizeof(RpcDecStrong)};
    if (status_t status = rpcRec(connection, session, "dec ref body", &iov, 1, nullptr);
        status != OK)
        return status;

    uint64_t addr = RpcWireAddress::toRaw(body.address);
    RpcMutexUniqueLock _l(mNodeMutex);
    auto it = mNodeForAddress.find(addr);
    if (it == mNodeForAddress.end()) {
        ALOGE("Unknown binder address %" PRIu64 " for dec strong.", addr);
        return OK;
    }

    sp<IBinder> target = it->second.binder.promote();
    if (target == nullptr) {
        ALOGE("While requesting dec strong, binder has been deleted at address %" PRIu64
              ". Terminating!",
              addr);
        _l.unlock();
        (void)session->shutdownAndWait(false);
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    if (it->second.timesSent < body.amount) {
        ALOGE("Record of sending binder %zu times, but requested decStrong for %" PRIu64 " of %u",
              it->second.timesSent, addr, body.amount);
        return OK;
    }

    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(it->second.sentRef == nullptr, "Inconsistent state, lost ref for %" PRIu64,
                        addr);

    LOG_RPC_DETAIL("Processing dec strong of %" PRIu64 " by %u from %zu", addr, body.amount,
                   it->second.timesSent);

    it->second.timesSent -= body.amount;
    sp<IBinder> tempHold = tryEraseNode(it);
    _l.unlock();
    tempHold = nullptr; // destructor may make binder calls on this session

    return OK;
}

status_t RpcState::validateParcel(const sp<RpcSession>& session, const Parcel& parcel,
                                  std::string* errorMsg) {
    auto* rpcFields = parcel.maybeRpcFields();
    if (rpcFields == nullptr) {
        *errorMsg = "Parcel not crafted for RPC call";
        return BAD_TYPE;
    }

    if (rpcFields->mSession != session) {
        *errorMsg = "Parcel's session doesn't match";
        return BAD_TYPE;
    }

    uint32_t protocolVersion = session->getProtocolVersion().value();
    if (protocolVersion < RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_RPC_HEADER_FEATURE_EXPLICIT_PARCEL_SIZE &&
        !rpcFields->mObjectPositions.empty()) {
        *errorMsg = StringPrintf("Parcel has attached objects but the session's protocol version "
                                 "(%" PRIu32 ") is too old, must be at least %" PRIu32,
                                 protocolVersion,
                                 RPC_WIRE_PROTOCOL_VERSION_RPC_HEADER_FEATURE_EXPLICIT_PARCEL_SIZE);
        return BAD_VALUE;
    }

    if (rpcFields->mFds && !rpcFields->mFds->empty()) {
        switch (session->getFileDescriptorTransportMode()) {
            case RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::NONE:
                *errorMsg =
                        "Parcel has file descriptors, but no file descriptor transport is enabled";
                return FDS_NOT_ALLOWED;
            case RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::UNIX: {
                constexpr size_t kMaxFdsPerMsg = 253;
                if (rpcFields->mFds->size() > kMaxFdsPerMsg) {
                    *errorMsg = StringPrintf("Too many file descriptors in Parcel for unix "
                                             "domain socket: %zu (max is %zu)",
                                             rpcFields->mFds->size(), kMaxFdsPerMsg);
                    return BAD_VALUE;
                }
                break;
            }
            case RpcSession::FileDescriptorTransportMode::TRUSTY: {
                // Keep this in sync with trusty_ipc.h!!!
                // We could import that file here on Trusty, but it's not
                // available on Android
                constexpr size_t kMaxFdsPerMsg = 8;
                if (rpcFields->mFds->size() > kMaxFdsPerMsg) {
                    *errorMsg = StringPrintf("Too many file descriptors in Parcel for Trusty "
                                             "IPC connection: %zu (max is %zu)",
                                             rpcFields->mFds->size(), kMaxFdsPerMsg);
                    return BAD_VALUE;
                }
                break;
            }
        }
    }

    return OK;
}

sp<IBinder> RpcState::tryEraseNode(std::map<uint64_t, BinderNode>::iterator& it) {
    sp<IBinder> ref;

    if (it->second.timesSent == 0) {
        ref = std::move(it->second.sentRef);

        if (it->second.timesRecd == 0) {
            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!it->second.asyncTodo.empty(),
                                "Can't delete binder w/ pending async transactions");
            mNodeForAddress.erase(it);
        }
    }

    return ref;
}

bool RpcState::nodeProgressAsyncNumber(BinderNode* node) {
    // 2**64 =~ 10**19 =~ 1000 transactions per second for 585 million years to
    // a single binder
    if (node->asyncNumber >= std::numeric_limits<decltype(node->asyncNumber)>::max()) {
        ALOGE("Out of async transaction IDs. Terminating");
        return false;
    }
    node->asyncNumber++;
    return true;
}

} // namespace android