Merge "Don't overdim SDR content in an HLG screenshot." into udc-dev
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
index 8ca927e..5dbf7ac 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/dumpstate.cpp
@@ -3362,23 +3362,25 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    // Include the proto logging from WMShell.
-    RunCommand(
-        // Empty name because it's not intended to be classified as a bugreport section.
-        // Actual logging files can be found as "/data/misc/wmtrace/shell_log.winscope"
-        // in the bugreport.
-        "", {"dumpsys", "activity", "service", "SystemUIService",
-             "WMShell", "protolog", "save-for-bugreport"},
-        CommandOptions::WithTimeout(10).Always().DropRoot().RedirectStderr().Build());
+    const std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> dumpTracesForBugReportCommands = {
+        {"dumpsys", "activity", "service", "SystemUIService", "WMShell", "protolog",
+         "save-for-bugreport"},
+        {"dumpsys", "activity", "service", "SystemUIService", "WMShell", "transitions", "tracing",
+         "save-for-bugreport"},
+        {"cmd", "input_method", "tracing", "save-for-bugreport"},
+        {"cmd", "window", "tracing", "save-for-bugreport"},
+        {"cmd", "window", "shell", "tracing", "save-for-bugreport"},
+    };
 
-    for (const auto& service : {"input_method", "window", "window shell"}) {
+    for (const auto& command : dumpTracesForBugReportCommands) {
         RunCommand(
             // Empty name because it's not intended to be classified as a bugreport section.
             // Actual tracing files can be found in "/data/misc/wmtrace/" in the bugreport.
-            "", {"cmd", service, "tracing", "save-for-bugreport"},
+            "", command,
             CommandOptions::WithTimeout(10).Always().DropRoot().RedirectStderr().Build());
     }
 
+    // This command needs to be run as root
     static const auto SURFACEFLINGER_COMMAND_SAVE_ALL_TRACES = std::vector<std::string> {
         "service", "call", "SurfaceFlinger", "1042"
     };
diff --git a/cmds/dumpstate/tests/dumpstate_test.cpp b/cmds/dumpstate/tests/dumpstate_test.cpp
index 93d8cdf..5cbcf9f 100644
--- a/cmds/dumpstate/tests/dumpstate_test.cpp
+++ b/cmds/dumpstate/tests/dumpstate_test.cpp
@@ -997,17 +997,22 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(ds.dump_pool_);
 }
 
-TEST_F(DumpstateBaseTest, PreDumpUiData) {
-    // SurfaceFlinger's transactions trace is always enabled, i.e. it is always pre-dumped
-    static const auto kTransactionsTrace =
-            std::filesystem::path {"/data/misc/wmtrace/transactions_trace.winscope"};
+TEST_F(DumpstateTest, PreDumpUiData) {
+    // These traces are always enabled, i.e. they are always pre-dumped
+    const std::vector<std::filesystem::path> uiTraces = {
+        std::filesystem::path{"/data/misc/wmtrace/transactions_trace.winscope"},
+        std::filesystem::path{"/data/misc/wmtrace/transition_trace.winscope"},
+        std::filesystem::path{"/data/misc/wmtrace/shell_transition_trace.winscope"},
+    };
 
-    std::system(("rm " + kTransactionsTrace.string()).c_str());
-    EXPECT_FALSE(std::filesystem::exists(kTransactionsTrace));
+    for (const auto traceFile : uiTraces) {
+        std::system(("rm -f " + traceFile.string()).c_str());
+        EXPECT_FALSE(std::filesystem::exists(traceFile)) << traceFile << " was not deleted.";
 
-    Dumpstate& ds_ = Dumpstate::GetInstance();
-    ds_.PreDumpUiData();
-    EXPECT_TRUE(std::filesystem::exists(kTransactionsTrace));
+        Dumpstate& ds_ = Dumpstate::GetInstance();
+        ds_.PreDumpUiData();
+        EXPECT_TRUE(std::filesystem::exists(traceFile)) << traceFile << " was not created.";
+    }
 }
 
 class ZippedBugReportStreamTest : public DumpstateBaseTest {
diff --git a/cmds/installd/utils_default.cpp b/cmds/installd/utils_default.cpp
index a6025e6..85ce450 100644
--- a/cmds/installd/utils_default.cpp
+++ b/cmds/installd/utils_default.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 // platform dependent logic.
 
 int rm_package_dir(const std::string& package_dir) {
-    return delete_dir_contents_and_dir(package_dir);
+    return rename_delete_dir_contents_and_dir(package_dir);
 }
 
 }  // namespace installd
diff --git a/headers/media_plugin/media/hardware/VideoAPI.h b/headers/media_plugin/media/hardware/VideoAPI.h
index a090876..5466680 100644
--- a/headers/media_plugin/media/hardware/VideoAPI.h
+++ b/headers/media_plugin/media/hardware/VideoAPI.h
@@ -127,6 +127,8 @@
         PrimariesBT601_6_525,   // Rec.ITU-R BT.601-6 525 or equivalent
         PrimariesGenericFilm,   // Generic Film
         PrimariesBT2020,        // Rec.ITU-R BT.2020 or equivalent
+        PrimariesRP431,         // SMPTE RP 431-2 (DCI P3)
+        PrimariesEG432,         // SMPTE EG 432-1 (Display P3)
         PrimariesOther = 0xff,
     };
 
@@ -173,6 +175,8 @@
         StandardBT2020Constant,         // PrimariesBT2020 and MatrixBT2020Constant
         StandardBT470M,                 // PrimariesBT470_6M and MatrixBT470_6M
         StandardFilm,                   // PrimariesGenericFilm and KR=0.253, KB=0.068
+        StandardDisplayP3,              // PrimariesEG432 and MatrixBT601_6
+        // StandardAdobeRGB,  // for placeholder only (not used by media)
         StandardOther = 0xff,
     };
 
@@ -282,6 +286,8 @@
         case ColorAspects::PrimariesBT601_6_525: return "BT601_6_525";
         case ColorAspects::PrimariesGenericFilm: return "GenericFilm";
         case ColorAspects::PrimariesBT2020:      return "BT2020";
+        case ColorAspects::PrimariesRP431:       return "RP431";
+        case ColorAspects::PrimariesEG432:       return "EG432";
         case ColorAspects::PrimariesOther:       return "Other";
         default:                                 return def;
     }
@@ -332,6 +338,8 @@
         case ColorAspects::StandardBT2020Constant:       return "BT2020Constant";
         case ColorAspects::StandardBT470M:               return "BT470M";
         case ColorAspects::StandardFilm:                 return "Film";
+        case ColorAspects::StandardDisplayP3:            return "DisplayP3";
+        // case ColorAspects::StandardAdobeRGB:             return "AdobeRGB";
         case ColorAspects::StandardOther:                return "Other";
         default:                                         return def;
     }
diff --git a/include/android/surface_control.h b/include/android/surface_control.h
index e4ba58a..cce2e46 100644
--- a/include/android/surface_control.h
+++ b/include/android/surface_control.h
@@ -54,6 +54,12 @@
  * The caller takes ownership of the ASurfaceControl returned and must release it
  * using ASurfaceControl_release below.
  *
+ * By default the \a ASurfaceControl will be visible and display any buffer submitted. In
+ * addition, the default buffer submission control may release and not display all buffers
+ * that are submitted before receiving a callback for the previous buffer. See
+ * \a ASurfaceTransaction_setVisibility and \a ASurfaceTransaction_setEnableBackPressure to
+ * change the default behaviors after creation.
+ *
  * Available since API level 29.
  */
 ASurfaceControl* ASurfaceControl_createFromWindow(ANativeWindow* parent, const char* debug_name)
diff --git a/libs/binder/IUidObserver.cpp b/libs/binder/IUidObserver.cpp
index d952dc7..1c35f53 100644
--- a/libs/binder/IUidObserver.cpp
+++ b/libs/binder/IUidObserver.cpp
@@ -67,9 +67,10 @@
         remote()->transact(ON_UID_STATE_CHANGED_TRANSACTION, data, &reply, IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY);
     }
 
-    virtual void onUidProcAdjChanged(uid_t uid) {
+    virtual void onUidProcAdjChanged(uid_t uid, int32_t adj) {
         Parcel data, reply;
         data.writeInt32((int32_t)uid);
+        data.writeInt32((int32_t)adj);
         remote()->transact(ON_UID_PROC_ADJ_CHANGED_TRANSACTION, data, &reply, IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY);
     }
 };
@@ -121,7 +122,8 @@
         case ON_UID_PROC_ADJ_CHANGED_TRANSACTION: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(IUidObserver, data, reply);
             uid_t uid = data.readInt32();
-            onUidProcAdjChanged(uid);
+            int32_t adj = data.readInt32();
+            onUidProcAdjChanged(uid, adj);
             return NO_ERROR;
         } break;
 
diff --git a/libs/binder/include_activitymanager/binder/IUidObserver.h b/libs/binder/include_activitymanager/binder/IUidObserver.h
index 17f03a9..5ea7447 100644
--- a/libs/binder/include_activitymanager/binder/IUidObserver.h
+++ b/libs/binder/include_activitymanager/binder/IUidObserver.h
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
     virtual void onUidIdle(uid_t uid, bool disabled) = 0;
     virtual void onUidStateChanged(uid_t uid, int32_t procState, int64_t procStateSeq,
                                    int32_t capability) = 0;
-    virtual void onUidProcAdjChanged(uid_t uid) = 0;
+    virtual void onUidProcAdjChanged(uid_t uid, int32_t adj) = 0;
 
     enum {
         ON_UID_GONE_TRANSACTION = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION,
diff --git a/libs/gui/VsyncEventData.cpp b/libs/gui/VsyncEventData.cpp
index 76c60c2..8e00c2f 100644
--- a/libs/gui/VsyncEventData.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/VsyncEventData.cpp
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 
 namespace android::gui {
 
-static_assert(VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength == 7,
-              "Must update value in DisplayEventReceiver.java#FRAME_TIMELINES_LENGTH (and here)");
+static_assert(VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity == 7,
+              "Must update value in DisplayEventReceiver.java#FRAME_TIMELINES_CAPACITY (and here)");
 
 int64_t VsyncEventData::preferredVsyncId() const {
     return frameTimelines[preferredFrameTimelineIndex].vsyncId;
@@ -46,11 +46,15 @@
 
     SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readInt64, &vsync.frameInterval);
 
-    uint64_t uintPreferredFrameTimelineIndex;
-    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readUint64, &uintPreferredFrameTimelineIndex);
+    uint32_t uintPreferredFrameTimelineIndex;
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readUint32, &uintPreferredFrameTimelineIndex);
     vsync.preferredFrameTimelineIndex = static_cast<size_t>(uintPreferredFrameTimelineIndex);
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength; i++) {
+    uint32_t uintFrameTimelinesLength;
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readUint32, &uintFrameTimelinesLength);
+    vsync.frameTimelinesLength = static_cast<size_t>(uintFrameTimelinesLength);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vsync.frameTimelinesLength; i++) {
         SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readInt64, &vsync.frameTimelines[i].vsyncId);
         SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readInt64, &vsync.frameTimelines[i].deadlineTimestamp);
         SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->readInt64, &vsync.frameTimelines[i].expectedPresentationTime);
@@ -60,8 +64,9 @@
 }
 status_t ParcelableVsyncEventData::writeToParcel(Parcel* parcel) const {
     SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeInt64, vsync.frameInterval);
-    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeUint64, vsync.preferredFrameTimelineIndex);
-    for (int i = 0; i < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength; i++) {
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeUint32, vsync.preferredFrameTimelineIndex);
+    SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeUint32, vsync.frameTimelinesLength);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vsync.frameTimelinesLength; i++) {
         SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeInt64, vsync.frameTimelines[i].vsyncId);
         SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeInt64, vsync.frameTimelines[i].deadlineTimestamp);
         SAFE_PARCEL(parcel->writeInt64, vsync.frameTimelines[i].expectedPresentationTime);
diff --git a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_displayEvent_fuzzer.cpp b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_displayEvent_fuzzer.cpp
index 6d5ae49..6e4f074 100644
--- a/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_displayEvent_fuzzer.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/fuzzer/libgui_displayEvent_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
             event.vsync.count = fdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
             event.vsync.vsyncData.frameInterval = fdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint64_t>();
             event.vsync.vsyncData.preferredFrameTimelineIndex = fdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint32_t>();
-            for (size_t idx = 0; idx < gui::VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength; ++idx) {
+            for (size_t idx = 0; idx < gui::VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity; ++idx) {
                 event.vsync.vsyncData.frameTimelines[idx].vsyncId = fdp->ConsumeIntegral<int64_t>();
                 event.vsync.vsyncData.frameTimelines[idx].deadlineTimestamp =
                         fdp->ConsumeIntegral<uint64_t>();
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
index 5c88a07..a6f503e 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/LayerState.h
@@ -233,9 +233,10 @@
 
     // Geometry updates.
     static constexpr uint64_t GEOMETRY_CHANGES = layer_state_t::eBufferCropChanged |
-            layer_state_t::eBufferTransformChanged | layer_state_t::eCropChanged |
-            layer_state_t::eDestinationFrameChanged | layer_state_t::eMatrixChanged |
-            layer_state_t::ePositionChanged | layer_state_t::eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eBufferTransformChanged | layer_state_t::eCornerRadiusChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eCropChanged | layer_state_t::eDestinationFrameChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eMatrixChanged | layer_state_t::ePositionChanged |
+            layer_state_t::eTransformToDisplayInverseChanged |
             layer_state_t::eTransparentRegionChanged;
 
     // Buffer and related updates.
diff --git a/libs/gui/include/gui/VsyncEventData.h b/libs/gui/include/gui/VsyncEventData.h
index dfdae21..b40a840 100644
--- a/libs/gui/include/gui/VsyncEventData.h
+++ b/libs/gui/include/gui/VsyncEventData.h
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@
 // Plain Old Data (POD) vsync data structure. For example, it can be easily used in the
 // DisplayEventReceiver::Event union.
 struct VsyncEventData {
-    // Max amount of frame timelines is arbitrarily set to be reasonable.
-    static constexpr int64_t kFrameTimelinesLength = 7;
+    // Max capacity of frame timelines is arbitrarily set to be reasonable.
+    static constexpr int64_t kFrameTimelinesCapacity = 7;
 
     // The current frame interval in ns when this frame was scheduled.
     int64_t frameInterval;
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@
     // Index into the frameTimelines that represents the platform's preferred frame timeline.
     uint32_t preferredFrameTimelineIndex;
 
+    // Size of frame timelines provided by the platform; max is kFrameTimelinesCapacity.
+    uint32_t frameTimelinesLength;
+
     struct alignas(8) FrameTimeline {
         // The Vsync Id corresponsing to this vsync event. This will be used to
         // populate ISurfaceComposer::setFrameTimelineVsync and
@@ -45,7 +48,7 @@
 
         // The anticipated Vsync presentation time in nanos.
         int64_t expectedPresentationTime;
-    } frameTimelines[kFrameTimelinesLength]; // Sorted possible frame timelines.
+    } frameTimelines[kFrameTimelinesCapacity]; // Sorted possible frame timelines.
 
     // Gets the preferred frame timeline's vsync ID.
     int64_t preferredVsyncId() const;
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/DisplayEventStructLayout_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/DisplayEventStructLayout_test.cpp
index da88463..3949d70 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/DisplayEventStructLayout_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/DisplayEventStructLayout_test.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync, count, 0);
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync, vsyncData.frameInterval, 8);
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync, vsyncData.preferredFrameTimelineIndex, 16);
+    CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync, vsyncData.frameTimelinesLength, 20);
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync, vsyncData.frameTimelines, 24);
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync, vsyncData.frameTimelines[0].vsyncId, 24);
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync, vsyncData.frameTimelines[0].deadlineTimestamp,
@@ -44,16 +45,16 @@
     // Also test the offsets of the last frame timeline. A loop is not used because the non-const
     // index cannot be used in static_assert.
     const int lastFrameTimelineOffset = /* Start of array */ 24 +
-            (VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength - 1) * /* Size of FrameTimeline */ 24;
+            (VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity - 1) * /* Size of FrameTimeline */ 24;
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync,
-                 vsyncData.frameTimelines[VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength - 1].vsyncId,
+                 vsyncData.frameTimelines[VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity - 1].vsyncId,
                  lastFrameTimelineOffset);
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync,
-                 vsyncData.frameTimelines[VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength - 1]
+                 vsyncData.frameTimelines[VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity - 1]
                          .deadlineTimestamp,
                  lastFrameTimelineOffset + 8);
     CHECK_OFFSET(DisplayEventReceiver::Event::VSync,
-                 vsyncData.frameTimelines[VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength - 1]
+                 vsyncData.frameTimelines[VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity - 1]
                          .expectedPresentationTime,
                  lastFrameTimelineOffset + 16);
 
diff --git a/libs/gui/tests/VsyncEventData_test.cpp b/libs/gui/tests/VsyncEventData_test.cpp
index f114522..a2138f2 100644
--- a/libs/gui/tests/VsyncEventData_test.cpp
+++ b/libs/gui/tests/VsyncEventData_test.cpp
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
     FrameTimeline timeline1 = FrameTimeline{4, 5, 6};
     data.vsync.frameTimelines[0] = timeline0;
     data.vsync.frameTimelines[1] = timeline1;
+    data.vsync.frameTimelinesLength = 2;
 
     Parcel p;
     data.writeToParcel(&p);
@@ -45,7 +46,8 @@
     data2.readFromParcel(&p);
     ASSERT_EQ(data.vsync.frameInterval, data2.vsync.frameInterval);
     ASSERT_EQ(data.vsync.preferredFrameTimelineIndex, data2.vsync.preferredFrameTimelineIndex);
-    for (int i = 0; i < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength; i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(data.vsync.frameTimelinesLength, data2.vsync.frameTimelinesLength);
+    for (int i = 0; i < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity; i++) {
         ASSERT_EQ(data.vsync.frameTimelines[i].vsyncId, data2.vsync.frameTimelines[i].vsyncId);
         ASSERT_EQ(data.vsync.frameTimelines[i].deadlineTimestamp,
                   data2.vsync.frameTimelines[i].deadlineTimestamp);
diff --git a/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp b/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp
index 66a40f1..8f005a5 100644
--- a/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp
+++ b/libs/nativedisplay/AChoreographer.cpp
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
             AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_to_ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl(data);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!frameCallbackData->choreographer->inCallback(),
                         "Data is only valid in callback");
-    return VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength;
+    return frameCallbackData->vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength;
 }
 size_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getPreferredFrameTimelineIndex(
         const AChoreographerFrameCallbackData* data) {
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@
             AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_to_ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl(data);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!frameCallbackData->choreographer->inCallback(),
                         "Data is only valid in callback");
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(index >= VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength, "Index out of bounds");
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(index >= VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity, "Index out of bounds");
     return frameCallbackData->vsyncEventData.frameTimelines[index].vsyncId;
 }
 int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelineExpectedPresentationTimeNanos(
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@
             AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_to_ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl(data);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!frameCallbackData->choreographer->inCallback(),
                         "Data is only valid in callback");
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(index >= VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength, "Index out of bounds");
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(index >= VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity, "Index out of bounds");
     return frameCallbackData->vsyncEventData.frameTimelines[index].expectedPresentationTime;
 }
 int64_t AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_getFrameTimelineDeadlineNanos(
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@
             AChoreographerFrameCallbackData_to_ChoreographerFrameCallbackDataImpl(data);
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!frameCallbackData->choreographer->inCallback(),
                         "Data is only valid in callback");
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(index >= VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength, "Index out of bounds");
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(index >= VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity, "Index out of bounds");
     return frameCallbackData->vsyncEventData.frameTimelines[index].deadlineTimestamp;
 }
 
diff --git a/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp b/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp
index 932be56..c412c9c 100644
--- a/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp
+++ b/libs/renderengine/skia/AutoBackendTexture.cpp
@@ -43,10 +43,12 @@
                                                        createProtectedImage, backendFormat,
                                                        isOutputBuffer);
     mColorType = GrAHardwareBufferUtils::GetSkColorTypeFromBufferFormat(desc.format);
-    ALOGE_IF(!mBackendTexture.isValid(),
-             "Failed to create a valid texture. [%p]:[%d,%d] isProtected:%d isWriteable:%d "
-             "format:%d",
-             this, desc.width, desc.height, createProtectedImage, isOutputBuffer, desc.format);
+    if (!mBackendTexture.isValid() || !desc.width || !desc.height) {
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Failed to create a valid texture. [%p]:[%d,%d] isProtected:%d "
+                         "isWriteable:%d format:%d",
+                         this, desc.width, desc.height, createProtectedImage, isOutputBuffer,
+                         desc.format);
+    }
 }
 
 AutoBackendTexture::~AutoBackendTexture() {
diff --git a/libs/sensor/SensorManager.cpp b/libs/sensor/SensorManager.cpp
index ba190e0..980f8d1 100644
--- a/libs/sensor/SensorManager.cpp
+++ b/libs/sensor/SensorManager.cpp
@@ -176,11 +176,8 @@
 
         mSensors = mSensorServer->getSensorList(mOpPackageName);
         size_t count = mSensors.size();
-        if (count == 0) {
-            ALOGE("Failed to get Sensor list");
-            mSensorServer.clear();
-            return UNKNOWN_ERROR;
-        }
+        // If count is 0, mSensorList will be non-null. This is old
+        // existing behavior and callers expect this.
         mSensorList =
                 static_cast<Sensor const**>(malloc(count * sizeof(Sensor*)));
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mSensorList == nullptr, "mSensorList NULL");
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
index 472d7a1..ddebcad 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.cpp
@@ -57,9 +57,8 @@
  * The event flow is via the "InputListener" interface, as follows:
  * InputReader -> UnwantedInteractionBlocker -> InputProcessor -> InputDispatcher
  */
-InputManager::InputManager(
-        const sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface>& readerPolicy,
-        const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& dispatcherPolicy) {
+InputManager::InputManager(const sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface>& readerPolicy,
+                           InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& dispatcherPolicy) {
     mDispatcher = createInputDispatcher(dispatcherPolicy);
     mProcessor = std::make_unique<InputProcessor>(*mDispatcher);
     mBlocker = std::make_unique<UnwantedInteractionBlocker>(*mProcessor);
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h
index 793757d..b6ad419 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/InputManager.h
@@ -100,9 +100,8 @@
     ~InputManager() override;
 
 public:
-    InputManager(
-            const sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface>& readerPolicy,
-            const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& dispatcherPolicy);
+    InputManager(const sp<InputReaderPolicyInterface>& readerPolicy,
+                 InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& dispatcherPolicy);
 
     status_t start() override;
     status_t stop() override;
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/benchmarks/InputDispatcher_benchmarks.cpp b/services/inputflinger/benchmarks/InputDispatcher_benchmarks.cpp
index f852001..cf299c0 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/benchmarks/InputDispatcher_benchmarks.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/benchmarks/InputDispatcher_benchmarks.cpp
@@ -48,10 +48,8 @@
 
 class FakeInputDispatcherPolicy : public InputDispatcherPolicyInterface {
 public:
-    FakeInputDispatcherPolicy() {}
-
-protected:
-    virtual ~FakeInputDispatcherPolicy() {}
+    FakeInputDispatcherPolicy() = default;
+    virtual ~FakeInputDispatcherPolicy() = default;
 
 private:
     void notifyConfigurationChanged(nsecs_t) override {}
@@ -82,24 +80,23 @@
 
     void notifyVibratorState(int32_t deviceId, bool isOn) override {}
 
-    void getDispatcherConfiguration(InputDispatcherConfiguration* outConfig) override {
-        *outConfig = mConfig;
+    InputDispatcherConfiguration getDispatcherConfiguration() override { return mConfig; }
+
+    bool filterInputEvent(const InputEvent& inputEvent, uint32_t policyFlags) override {
+        return true; // dispatch event normally
     }
 
-    bool filterInputEvent(const InputEvent* inputEvent, uint32_t policyFlags) override {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    void interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(const KeyEvent*, uint32_t&) override {}
+    void interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(const KeyEvent&, uint32_t&) override {}
 
     void interceptMotionBeforeQueueing(int32_t, nsecs_t, uint32_t&) override {}
 
-    nsecs_t interceptKeyBeforeDispatching(const sp<IBinder>&, const KeyEvent*, uint32_t) override {
+    nsecs_t interceptKeyBeforeDispatching(const sp<IBinder>&, const KeyEvent&, uint32_t) override {
         return 0;
     }
 
-    bool dispatchUnhandledKey(const sp<IBinder>&, const KeyEvent*, uint32_t, KeyEvent*) override {
-        return false;
+    std::optional<KeyEvent> dispatchUnhandledKey(const sp<IBinder>&, const KeyEvent&,
+                                                 uint32_t) override {
+        return {};
     }
 
     void notifySwitch(nsecs_t, uint32_t, uint32_t, uint32_t) override {}
@@ -258,7 +255,7 @@
 
 static void benchmarkNotifyMotion(benchmark::State& state) {
     // Create dispatcher
-    sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy> fakePolicy = sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy>::make();
+    FakeInputDispatcherPolicy fakePolicy;
     InputDispatcher dispatcher(fakePolicy);
     dispatcher.setInputDispatchMode(/*enabled*/ true, /*frozen*/ false);
     dispatcher.start();
@@ -293,7 +290,7 @@
 
 static void benchmarkInjectMotion(benchmark::State& state) {
     // Create dispatcher
-    sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy> fakePolicy = sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy>::make();
+    FakeInputDispatcherPolicy fakePolicy;
     InputDispatcher dispatcher(fakePolicy);
     dispatcher.setInputDispatchMode(/*enabled*/ true, /*frozen*/ false);
     dispatcher.start();
@@ -327,7 +324,7 @@
 
 static void benchmarkOnWindowInfosChanged(benchmark::State& state) {
     // Create dispatcher
-    sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy> fakePolicy = sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy>::make();
+    FakeInputDispatcherPolicy fakePolicy;
     InputDispatcher dispatcher(fakePolicy);
     dispatcher.setInputDispatchMode(/*enabled*/ true, /*frozen*/ false);
     dispatcher.start();
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
index 97b57b4..e4f367d 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.cpp
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 #define INDENT4 "        "
 
 using namespace android::ftl::flag_operators;
+using android::base::Error;
 using android::base::HwTimeoutMultiplier;
 using android::base::Result;
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
@@ -129,48 +130,68 @@
             AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_INDEX_SHIFT;
 }
 
-bool isValidKeyAction(int32_t action) {
+Result<void> checkKeyAction(int32_t action) {
     switch (action) {
         case AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN:
         case AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP:
-            return true;
+            return {};
         default:
-            return false;
+            return Error() << "Key event has invalid action code " << action;
     }
 }
 
-bool validateKeyEvent(int32_t action) {
-    if (!isValidKeyAction(action)) {
-        ALOGE("Key event has invalid action code 0x%x", action);
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
+Result<void> validateKeyEvent(int32_t action) {
+    return checkKeyAction(action);
 }
 
-bool isValidMotionAction(int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, int32_t pointerCount) {
+Result<void> checkMotionAction(int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, int32_t pointerCount) {
     switch (MotionEvent::getActionMasked(action)) {
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN:
-        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP:
-            return pointerCount == 1;
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP: {
+            if (pointerCount != 1) {
+                return Error() << "invalid pointer count " << pointerCount;
+            }
+            return {};
+        }
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MOVE:
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER:
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE:
-        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT:
-            return pointerCount >= 1;
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT: {
+            if (pointerCount < 1) {
+                return Error() << "invalid pointer count " << pointerCount;
+            }
+            return {};
+        }
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL:
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_OUTSIDE:
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_SCROLL:
-            return true;
+            return {};
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_DOWN:
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_POINTER_UP: {
             const int32_t index = MotionEvent::getActionIndex(action);
-            return index >= 0 && index < pointerCount && pointerCount > 1;
+            if (index < 0) {
+                return Error() << "invalid index " << index << " for "
+                               << MotionEvent::actionToString(action);
+            }
+            if (index >= pointerCount) {
+                return Error() << "invalid index " << index << " for pointerCount " << pointerCount;
+            }
+            if (pointerCount <= 1) {
+                return Error() << "invalid pointer count " << pointerCount << " for "
+                               << MotionEvent::actionToString(action);
+            }
+            return {};
         }
         case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_PRESS:
-        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_RELEASE:
-            return actionButton != 0;
+        case AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_BUTTON_RELEASE: {
+            if (actionButton == 0) {
+                return Error() << "action button should be nonzero for "
+                               << MotionEvent::actionToString(action);
+            }
+            return {};
+        }
         default:
-            return false;
+            return Error() << "invalid action " << action;
     }
 }
 
@@ -178,32 +199,50 @@
     return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(t).count();
 }
 
-bool validateMotionEvent(int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, size_t pointerCount,
-                         const PointerProperties* pointerProperties) {
-    if (!isValidMotionAction(action, actionButton, pointerCount)) {
-        ALOGE("Motion event has invalid action code 0x%x", action);
-        return false;
+Result<void> validateMotionEvent(int32_t action, int32_t actionButton, size_t pointerCount,
+                                 const PointerProperties* pointerProperties) {
+    Result<void> actionCheck = checkMotionAction(action, actionButton, pointerCount);
+    if (!actionCheck.ok()) {
+        return actionCheck;
     }
     if (pointerCount < 1 || pointerCount > MAX_POINTERS) {
-        ALOGE("Motion event has invalid pointer count %zu; value must be between 1 and %zu.",
-              pointerCount, MAX_POINTERS);
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "Motion event has invalid pointer count " << pointerCount
+                       << "; value must be between 1 and " << MAX_POINTERS << ".";
     }
     std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> pointerIdBits;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < pointerCount; i++) {
         int32_t id = pointerProperties[i].id;
         if (id < 0 || id > MAX_POINTER_ID) {
-            ALOGE("Motion event has invalid pointer id %d; value must be between 0 and %d", id,
-                  MAX_POINTER_ID);
-            return false;
+            return Error() << "Motion event has invalid pointer id " << id
+                           << "; value must be between 0 and " << MAX_POINTER_ID;
         }
         if (pointerIdBits.test(id)) {
-            ALOGE("Motion event has duplicate pointer id %d", id);
-            return false;
+            return Error() << "Motion event has duplicate pointer id " << id;
         }
         pointerIdBits.set(id);
     }
-    return true;
+    return {};
+}
+
+Result<void> validateInputEvent(const InputEvent& event) {
+    switch (event.getType()) {
+        case InputEventType::KEY: {
+            const KeyEvent& key = static_cast<const KeyEvent&>(event);
+            const int32_t action = key.getAction();
+            return validateKeyEvent(action);
+        }
+        case InputEventType::MOTION: {
+            const MotionEvent& motion = static_cast<const MotionEvent&>(event);
+            const int32_t action = motion.getAction();
+            const size_t pointerCount = motion.getPointerCount();
+            const PointerProperties* pointerProperties = motion.getPointerProperties();
+            const int32_t actionButton = motion.getActionButton();
+            return validateMotionEvent(action, actionButton, pointerCount, pointerProperties);
+        }
+        default: {
+            return {};
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 std::string dumpRegion(const Region& region) {
@@ -459,14 +498,14 @@
 // Returns true if the event type passed as argument represents a user activity.
 bool isUserActivityEvent(const EventEntry& eventEntry) {
     switch (eventEntry.type) {
+        case EventEntry::Type::CONFIGURATION_CHANGED:
+        case EventEntry::Type::DEVICE_RESET:
+        case EventEntry::Type::DRAG:
         case EventEntry::Type::FOCUS:
         case EventEntry::Type::POINTER_CAPTURE_CHANGED:
-        case EventEntry::Type::DRAG:
-        case EventEntry::Type::TOUCH_MODE_CHANGED:
         case EventEntry::Type::SENSOR:
-        case EventEntry::Type::CONFIGURATION_CHANGED:
+        case EventEntry::Type::TOUCH_MODE_CHANGED:
             return false;
-        case EventEntry::Type::DEVICE_RESET:
         case EventEntry::Type::KEY:
         case EventEntry::Type::MOTION:
             return true;
@@ -646,10 +685,10 @@
 
 // --- InputDispatcher ---
 
-InputDispatcher::InputDispatcher(const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& policy)
+InputDispatcher::InputDispatcher(InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& policy)
       : InputDispatcher(policy, STALE_EVENT_TIMEOUT) {}
 
-InputDispatcher::InputDispatcher(const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& policy,
+InputDispatcher::InputDispatcher(InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& policy,
                                  std::chrono::nanoseconds staleEventTimeout)
       : mPolicy(policy),
         mPendingEvent(nullptr),
@@ -676,7 +715,6 @@
     SurfaceComposerClient::getDefault()->addWindowInfosListener(mWindowInfoListener);
 #endif
     mKeyRepeatState.lastKeyEntry = nullptr;
-    policy->getDispatcherConfiguration(&mConfig);
 }
 
 InputDispatcher::~InputDispatcher() {
@@ -1402,7 +1440,7 @@
     // Enqueue a command to run outside the lock to tell the policy that the configuration changed.
     auto command = [this, eventTime = entry.eventTime]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-        mPolicy->notifyConfigurationChanged(eventTime);
+        mPolicy.notifyConfigurationChanged(eventTime);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
     return true;
@@ -1423,6 +1461,11 @@
     CancelationOptions options(CancelationOptions::Mode::CANCEL_ALL_EVENTS, "device was reset");
     options.deviceId = entry.deviceId;
     synthesizeCancelationEventsForAllConnectionsLocked(options);
+
+    // Remove all active pointers from this device
+    for (auto& [_, touchState] : mTouchStatesByDisplay) {
+        touchState.removeAllPointersForDevice(entry.deviceId);
+    }
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -1646,6 +1689,8 @@
                 doInterceptKeyBeforeDispatchingCommand(focusedWindowToken, *entry);
             };
             postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
+            // Poke user activity for keys not passed to user
+            pokeUserActivityLocked(*entry);
             return false; // wait for the command to run
         } else {
             entry->interceptKeyResult = KeyEntry::InterceptKeyResult::CONTINUE;
@@ -1662,6 +1707,8 @@
                            *dropReason == DropReason::POLICY ? InputEventInjectionResult::SUCCEEDED
                                                              : InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED);
         mReporter->reportDroppedKey(entry->id);
+        // Poke user activity for undispatched keys
+        pokeUserActivityLocked(*entry);
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -1717,10 +1764,10 @@
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
 
         if (entry->accuracyChanged) {
-            mPolicy->notifySensorAccuracy(entry->deviceId, entry->sensorType, entry->accuracy);
+            mPolicy.notifySensorAccuracy(entry->deviceId, entry->sensorType, entry->accuracy);
         }
-        mPolicy->notifySensorEvent(entry->deviceId, entry->sensorType, entry->accuracy,
-                                   entry->hwTimestamp, entry->values);
+        mPolicy.notifySensorEvent(entry->deviceId, entry->sensorType, entry->accuracy,
+                                  entry->hwTimestamp, entry->values);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
@@ -2165,7 +2212,7 @@
     // event injection will be allowed.
     const int32_t displayId = entry.displayId;
     const int32_t action = entry.action;
-    const int32_t maskedAction = action & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK;
+    const int32_t maskedAction = MotionEvent::getActionMasked(action);
 
     // Update the touch state as needed based on the properties of the touch event.
     outInjectionResult = InputEventInjectionResult::PENDING;
@@ -2292,16 +2339,11 @@
                 continue;
             }
 
-            if (isHoverAction) {
+            if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_ENTER ||
+                maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_MOVE) {
                 const int32_t pointerId = entry.pointerProperties[0].id;
-                if (maskedAction == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_HOVER_EXIT) {
-                    // Pointer left. Remove it
-                    tempTouchState.removeHoveringPointer(entry.deviceId, pointerId);
-                } else {
-                    // The "windowHandle" is the target of this hovering pointer.
-                    tempTouchState.addHoveringPointerToWindow(windowHandle, entry.deviceId,
-                                                              pointerId);
-                }
+                // The "windowHandle" is the target of this hovering pointer.
+                tempTouchState.addHoveringPointerToWindow(windowHandle, entry.deviceId, pointerId);
             }
 
             // Set target flags.
@@ -2666,9 +2708,6 @@
 
     if (uint32_t(pointerIndex) == entry.pointerCount) {
         LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Should find a valid pointer index by id %d", mDragState->pointerId);
-        sendDropWindowCommandLocked(nullptr, 0, 0);
-        mDragState.reset();
-        return;
     }
 
     const int32_t maskedAction = entry.action & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK;
@@ -2980,13 +3019,11 @@
     }
     int32_t displayId = getTargetDisplayId(eventEntry);
     sp<WindowInfoHandle> focusedWindowHandle = getFocusedWindowHandleLocked(displayId);
+    const WindowInfo* windowDisablingUserActivityInfo = nullptr;
     if (focusedWindowHandle != nullptr) {
         const WindowInfo* info = focusedWindowHandle->getInfo();
         if (info->inputConfig.test(WindowInfo::InputConfig::DISABLE_USER_ACTIVITY)) {
-            if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
-                ALOGD("Not poking user activity: disabled by window '%s'.", info->name.c_str());
-            }
-            return;
+            windowDisablingUserActivityInfo = info;
         }
     }
 
@@ -2997,7 +3034,13 @@
             if (motionEntry.action == AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_CANCEL) {
                 return;
             }
-
+            if (windowDisablingUserActivityInfo != nullptr) {
+                if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
+                    ALOGD("Not poking user activity: disabled by window '%s'.",
+                          windowDisablingUserActivityInfo->name.c_str());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
             if (MotionEvent::isTouchEvent(motionEntry.source, motionEntry.action)) {
                 eventType = USER_ACTIVITY_EVENT_TOUCH;
             }
@@ -3008,6 +3051,22 @@
             if (keyEntry.flags & AKEY_EVENT_FLAG_CANCELED) {
                 return;
             }
+            // If the key code is unknown, we don't consider it user activity
+            if (keyEntry.keyCode == AKEYCODE_UNKNOWN) {
+                return;
+            }
+            // Don't inhibit events that were intercepted or are not passed to
+            // the apps, like system shortcuts
+            if (windowDisablingUserActivityInfo != nullptr &&
+                keyEntry.interceptKeyResult != KeyEntry::InterceptKeyResult::SKIP &&
+                keyEntry.policyFlags & POLICY_FLAG_PASS_TO_USER) {
+                if (DEBUG_DISPATCH_CYCLE) {
+                    ALOGD("Not poking user activity: disabled by window '%s'.",
+                          windowDisablingUserActivityInfo->name.c_str());
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+
             eventType = USER_ACTIVITY_EVENT_BUTTON;
             break;
         }
@@ -3021,7 +3080,7 @@
     auto command = [this, eventTime = eventEntry.eventTime, eventType, displayId]()
                            REQUIRES(mLock) {
                                scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-                               mPolicy->pokeUserActivity(eventTime, eventType, displayId);
+                               mPolicy.pokeUserActivity(eventTime, eventType, displayId);
                            };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
@@ -3362,7 +3421,7 @@
 
     auto command = [this, token]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-        mPolicy->onPointerDownOutsideFocus(token);
+        mPolicy.onPointerDownOutsideFocus(token);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
@@ -3573,7 +3632,7 @@
 
 const std::array<uint8_t, 32> InputDispatcher::getSignature(
         const MotionEntry& motionEntry, const DispatchEntry& dispatchEntry) const {
-    const int32_t actionMasked = dispatchEntry.resolvedAction & AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_MASK;
+    const int32_t actionMasked = MotionEvent::getActionMasked(dispatchEntry.resolvedAction);
     if (actionMasked != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_UP && actionMasked != AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN) {
         // Only sign events up and down events as the purely move events
         // are tied to their up/down counterparts so signing would be redundant.
@@ -3641,7 +3700,7 @@
 
             auto command = [this, connection]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
                 scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-                mPolicy->notifyInputChannelBroken(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
+                mPolicy.notifyInputChannelBroken(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken());
             };
             postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
         }
@@ -4093,7 +4152,9 @@
              args.id, args.eventTime, args.deviceId, inputEventSourceToString(args.source).c_str(),
              args.displayId, args.policyFlags, KeyEvent::actionToString(args.action), args.flags,
              KeyEvent::getLabel(args.keyCode), args.scanCode, args.metaState, args.downTime);
-    if (!validateKeyEvent(args.action)) {
+    Result<void> keyCheck = validateKeyEvent(args.action);
+    if (!keyCheck.ok()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid key event: " << keyCheck.error();
         return;
     }
 
@@ -4122,7 +4183,7 @@
                      args.eventTime);
 
     android::base::Timer t;
-    mPolicy->interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(&event, /*byref*/ policyFlags);
+    mPolicy.interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(event, /*byref*/ policyFlags);
     if (t.duration() > SLOW_INTERCEPTION_THRESHOLD) {
         ALOGW("Excessive delay in interceptKeyBeforeQueueing; took %s ms",
               std::to_string(t.duration().count()).c_str());
@@ -4136,7 +4197,7 @@
             mLock.unlock();
 
             policyFlags |= POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED;
-            if (!mPolicy->filterInputEvent(&event, policyFlags)) {
+            if (!mPolicy.filterInputEvent(event, policyFlags)) {
                 return; // event was consumed by the filter
             }
 
@@ -4190,9 +4251,10 @@
         }
     }
 
-    if (!validateMotionEvent(args.action, args.actionButton, args.pointerCount,
-                             args.pointerProperties)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid event: " << args.dump();
+    Result<void> motionCheck = validateMotionEvent(args.action, args.actionButton,
+                                                   args.pointerCount, args.pointerProperties);
+    if (!motionCheck.ok()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid event: " << args.dump() << "; reason: " << motionCheck.error();
         return;
     }
 
@@ -4200,7 +4262,7 @@
     policyFlags |= POLICY_FLAG_TRUSTED;
 
     android::base::Timer t;
-    mPolicy->interceptMotionBeforeQueueing(args.displayId, args.eventTime, policyFlags);
+    mPolicy.interceptMotionBeforeQueueing(args.displayId, args.eventTime, policyFlags);
     if (t.duration() > SLOW_INTERCEPTION_THRESHOLD) {
         ALOGW("Excessive delay in interceptMotionBeforeQueueing; took %s ms",
               std::to_string(t.duration().count()).c_str());
@@ -4239,7 +4301,7 @@
                              args.pointerProperties, args.pointerCoords);
 
             policyFlags |= POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED;
-            if (!mPolicy->filterInputEvent(&event, policyFlags)) {
+            if (!mPolicy.filterInputEvent(event, policyFlags)) {
                 return; // event was consumed by the filter
             }
 
@@ -4305,7 +4367,7 @@
         ALOGD("notifyVibratorState - eventTime=%" PRId64 ", device=%d,  isOn=%d", args.eventTime,
               args.deviceId, args.isOn);
     }
-    mPolicy->notifyVibratorState(args.deviceId, args.isOn);
+    mPolicy.notifyVibratorState(args.deviceId, args.isOn);
 }
 
 bool InputDispatcher::shouldSendMotionToInputFilterLocked(const NotifyMotionArgs& args) {
@@ -4321,7 +4383,7 @@
 
     uint32_t policyFlags = args.policyFlags;
     policyFlags |= POLICY_FLAG_TRUSTED;
-    mPolicy->notifySwitch(args.eventTime, args.switchValues, args.switchMask, policyFlags);
+    mPolicy.notifySwitch(args.eventTime, args.switchValues, args.switchMask, policyFlags);
 }
 
 void InputDispatcher::notifyDeviceReset(const NotifyDeviceResetArgs& args) {
@@ -4368,6 +4430,12 @@
                                                             InputEventInjectionSync syncMode,
                                                             std::chrono::milliseconds timeout,
                                                             uint32_t policyFlags) {
+    Result<void> eventValidation = validateInputEvent(*event);
+    if (!eventValidation.ok()) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Injection failed: invalid event: " << eventValidation.error();
+        return InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
+    }
+
     if (debugInboundEventDetails()) {
         LOG(DEBUG) << __func__ << ": targetUid=" << toString(targetUid)
                    << ", syncMode=" << ftl::enum_string(syncMode) << ", timeout=" << timeout.count()
@@ -4393,11 +4461,7 @@
     switch (event->getType()) {
         case InputEventType::KEY: {
             const KeyEvent& incomingKey = static_cast<const KeyEvent&>(*event);
-            int32_t action = incomingKey.getAction();
-            if (!validateKeyEvent(action)) {
-                return InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
-            }
-
+            const int32_t action = incomingKey.getAction();
             int32_t flags = incomingKey.getFlags();
             if (policyFlags & POLICY_FLAG_INJECTED_FROM_ACCESSIBILITY) {
                 flags |= AKEY_EVENT_FLAG_IS_ACCESSIBILITY_EVENT;
@@ -4418,7 +4482,7 @@
 
             if (!(policyFlags & POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED)) {
                 android::base::Timer t;
-                mPolicy->interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(&keyEvent, /*byref*/ policyFlags);
+                mPolicy.interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(keyEvent, /*byref*/ policyFlags);
                 if (t.duration() > SLOW_INTERCEPTION_THRESHOLD) {
                     ALOGW("Excessive delay in interceptKeyBeforeQueueing; took %s ms",
                           std::to_string(t.duration().count()).c_str());
@@ -4439,25 +4503,18 @@
 
         case InputEventType::MOTION: {
             const MotionEvent& motionEvent = static_cast<const MotionEvent&>(*event);
-            const int32_t action = motionEvent.getAction();
             const bool isPointerEvent =
                     isFromSource(event->getSource(), AINPUT_SOURCE_CLASS_POINTER);
             // If a pointer event has no displayId specified, inject it to the default display.
             const uint32_t displayId = isPointerEvent && (event->getDisplayId() == ADISPLAY_ID_NONE)
                     ? ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT
                     : event->getDisplayId();
-            const size_t pointerCount = motionEvent.getPointerCount();
-            const PointerProperties* pointerProperties = motionEvent.getPointerProperties();
-            const int32_t actionButton = motionEvent.getActionButton();
             int32_t flags = motionEvent.getFlags();
-            if (!validateMotionEvent(action, actionButton, pointerCount, pointerProperties)) {
-                return InputEventInjectionResult::FAILED;
-            }
 
             if (!(policyFlags & POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED)) {
                 nsecs_t eventTime = motionEvent.getEventTime();
                 android::base::Timer t;
-                mPolicy->interceptMotionBeforeQueueing(displayId, eventTime, /*byref*/ policyFlags);
+                mPolicy.interceptMotionBeforeQueueing(displayId, eventTime, /*byref*/ policyFlags);
                 if (t.duration() > SLOW_INTERCEPTION_THRESHOLD) {
                     ALOGW("Excessive delay in interceptMotionBeforeQueueing; took %s ms",
                           std::to_string(t.duration().count()).c_str());
@@ -4474,8 +4531,9 @@
             std::unique_ptr<MotionEntry> injectedEntry =
                     std::make_unique<MotionEntry>(motionEvent.getId(), *sampleEventTimes,
                                                   resolvedDeviceId, motionEvent.getSource(),
-                                                  displayId, policyFlags, action, actionButton,
-                                                  flags, motionEvent.getMetaState(),
+                                                  displayId, policyFlags, motionEvent.getAction(),
+                                                  motionEvent.getActionButton(), flags,
+                                                  motionEvent.getMetaState(),
                                                   motionEvent.getButtonState(),
                                                   motionEvent.getClassification(),
                                                   motionEvent.getEdgeFlags(),
@@ -4483,18 +4541,22 @@
                                                   motionEvent.getYPrecision(),
                                                   motionEvent.getRawXCursorPosition(),
                                                   motionEvent.getRawYCursorPosition(),
-                                                  motionEvent.getDownTime(), uint32_t(pointerCount),
-                                                  pointerProperties, samplePointerCoords);
+                                                  motionEvent.getDownTime(),
+                                                  motionEvent.getPointerCount(),
+                                                  motionEvent.getPointerProperties(),
+                                                  samplePointerCoords);
             transformMotionEntryForInjectionLocked(*injectedEntry, motionEvent.getTransform());
             injectedEntries.push(std::move(injectedEntry));
             for (size_t i = motionEvent.getHistorySize(); i > 0; i--) {
                 sampleEventTimes += 1;
-                samplePointerCoords += pointerCount;
+                samplePointerCoords += motionEvent.getPointerCount();
                 std::unique_ptr<MotionEntry> nextInjectedEntry =
                         std::make_unique<MotionEntry>(motionEvent.getId(), *sampleEventTimes,
                                                       resolvedDeviceId, motionEvent.getSource(),
-                                                      displayId, policyFlags, action, actionButton,
-                                                      flags, motionEvent.getMetaState(),
+                                                      displayId, policyFlags,
+                                                      motionEvent.getAction(),
+                                                      motionEvent.getActionButton(), flags,
+                                                      motionEvent.getMetaState(),
                                                       motionEvent.getButtonState(),
                                                       motionEvent.getClassification(),
                                                       motionEvent.getEdgeFlags(),
@@ -4503,7 +4565,8 @@
                                                       motionEvent.getRawXCursorPosition(),
                                                       motionEvent.getRawYCursorPosition(),
                                                       motionEvent.getDownTime(),
-                                                      uint32_t(pointerCount), pointerProperties,
+                                                      motionEvent.getPointerCount(),
+                                                      motionEvent.getPointerProperties(),
                                                       samplePointerCoords);
                 transformMotionEntryForInjectionLocked(*nextInjectedEntry,
                                                        motionEvent.getTransform());
@@ -6008,7 +6071,7 @@
                                                     const sp<IBinder>& newToken) {
     auto command = [this, oldToken, newToken]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-        mPolicy->notifyFocusChanged(oldToken, newToken);
+        mPolicy.notifyFocusChanged(oldToken, newToken);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
@@ -6016,7 +6079,7 @@
 void InputDispatcher::sendDropWindowCommandLocked(const sp<IBinder>& token, float x, float y) {
     auto command = [this, token, x, y]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-        mPolicy->notifyDropWindow(token, x, y);
+        mPolicy.notifyDropWindow(token, x, y);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
@@ -6063,7 +6126,7 @@
 
     auto command = [this, application = std::move(application)]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-        mPolicy->notifyNoFocusedWindowAnr(application);
+        mPolicy.notifyNoFocusedWindowAnr(application);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
@@ -6103,8 +6166,7 @@
     { // release lock
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
         android::base::Timer t;
-        delay = mPolicy->interceptKeyBeforeDispatching(focusedWindowToken, &event,
-                                                       entry.policyFlags);
+        delay = mPolicy.interceptKeyBeforeDispatching(focusedWindowToken, event, entry.policyFlags);
         if (t.duration() > SLOW_INTERCEPTION_THRESHOLD) {
             ALOGW("Excessive delay in interceptKeyBeforeDispatching; took %s ms",
                   std::to_string(t.duration().count()).c_str());
@@ -6126,7 +6188,7 @@
                                                           std::string reason) {
     auto command = [this, token, pid, reason = std::move(reason)]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-        mPolicy->notifyWindowUnresponsive(token, pid, reason);
+        mPolicy.notifyWindowUnresponsive(token, pid, reason);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
@@ -6135,7 +6197,7 @@
                                                         std::optional<int32_t> pid) {
     auto command = [this, token, pid]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-        mPolicy->notifyWindowResponsive(token, pid);
+        mPolicy.notifyWindowResponsive(token, pid);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
@@ -6219,8 +6281,12 @@
 
             mLock.unlock();
 
-            mPolicy->dispatchUnhandledKey(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(), &event,
-                                          keyEntry.policyFlags, &event);
+            if (const auto unhandledKeyFallback =
+                        mPolicy.dispatchUnhandledKey(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(),
+                                                     event, keyEntry.policyFlags);
+                unhandledKeyFallback) {
+                event = *unhandledKeyFallback;
+            }
 
             mLock.lock();
 
@@ -6260,9 +6326,13 @@
 
         mLock.unlock();
 
-        bool fallback =
-                mPolicy->dispatchUnhandledKey(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(),
-                                              &event, keyEntry.policyFlags, &event);
+        bool fallback = false;
+        if (auto fb = mPolicy.dispatchUnhandledKey(connection->inputChannel->getConnectionToken(),
+                                                   event, keyEntry.policyFlags);
+            fb) {
+            fallback = true;
+            event = *fb;
+        }
 
         mLock.lock();
 
@@ -6514,7 +6584,7 @@
     mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest.seq++;
     auto command = [this, request = mCurrentPointerCaptureRequest]() REQUIRES(mLock) {
         scoped_unlock unlock(mLock);
-        mPolicy->setPointerCapture(request);
+        mPolicy.setPointerCapture(request);
     };
     postCommandLocked(std::move(command));
 }
@@ -6606,6 +6676,13 @@
     mLooper->wake();
 }
 
+void InputDispatcher::requestRefreshConfiguration() {
+    InputDispatcherConfiguration config = mPolicy.getDispatcherConfiguration();
+
+    std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
+    mConfig = config;
+}
+
 void InputDispatcher::setMonitorDispatchingTimeoutForTest(std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout) {
     std::scoped_lock _l(mLock);
     mMonitorDispatchingTimeout = timeout;
@@ -6615,7 +6692,7 @@
                                          const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& oldWindowHandle,
                                          const sp<WindowInfoHandle>& newWindowHandle,
                                          TouchState& state, int32_t pointerId,
-                                         std::vector<InputTarget>& targets) {
+                                         std::vector<InputTarget>& targets) const {
     std::bitset<MAX_POINTER_ID + 1> pointerIds;
     pointerIds.set(pointerId);
     const bool oldHasWallpaper = oldWindowHandle->getInfo()->inputConfig.test(
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
index 7aa1a2d..0e9ccfb 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcher.h
@@ -82,8 +82,8 @@
 public:
     static constexpr bool kDefaultInTouchMode = true;
 
-    explicit InputDispatcher(const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& policy);
-    explicit InputDispatcher(const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& policy,
+    explicit InputDispatcher(InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& policy);
+    explicit InputDispatcher(InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& policy,
                              std::chrono::nanoseconds staleEventTimeout);
     ~InputDispatcher() override;
 
@@ -149,6 +149,8 @@
 
     void cancelCurrentTouch() override;
 
+    void requestRefreshConfiguration() override;
+
     // Public to allow tests to verify that a Monitor can get ANR.
     void setMonitorDispatchingTimeoutForTest(std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout);
 
@@ -165,8 +167,8 @@
 
     std::unique_ptr<InputThread> mThread;
 
-    sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface> mPolicy;
-    android::InputDispatcherConfiguration mConfig;
+    InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& mPolicy;
+    android::InputDispatcherConfiguration mConfig GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
     std::mutex mLock;
 
@@ -705,8 +707,8 @@
     void slipWallpaperTouch(ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> targetFlags,
                             const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& oldWindowHandle,
                             const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle>& newWindowHandle,
-                            TouchState& state, int32_t pointerId, std::vector<InputTarget>& targets)
-            REQUIRES(mLock);
+                            TouchState& state, int32_t pointerId,
+                            std::vector<InputTarget>& targets) const REQUIRES(mLock);
     void transferWallpaperTouch(ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> oldTargetFlags,
                                 ftl::Flags<InputTarget::Flags> newTargetFlags,
                                 const sp<android::gui::WindowInfoHandle> fromWindowHandle,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcherFactory.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcherFactory.cpp
index bca1600..3ef8419 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcherFactory.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/InputDispatcherFactory.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 namespace android {
 
 std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcherInterface> createInputDispatcher(
-        const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& policy) {
+        InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& policy) {
     return std::make_unique<android::inputdispatcher::InputDispatcher>(policy);
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
index 9c443f1..0a61d48 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.cpp
@@ -242,6 +242,18 @@
     clearWindowsWithoutPointers();
 }
 
+void TouchState::removeAllPointersForDevice(int32_t removedDeviceId) {
+    for (TouchedWindow& window : windows) {
+        window.removeAllHoveringPointersForDevice(removedDeviceId);
+    }
+    if (deviceId == removedDeviceId) {
+        for (TouchedWindow& window : windows) {
+            window.removeAllTouchingPointers();
+        }
+    }
+    clearWindowsWithoutPointers();
+}
+
 std::string TouchState::dump() const {
     std::string out;
     out += StringPrintf("deviceId=%d, source=%s\n", deviceId,
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h
index a20080f..15b840f 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchState.h
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@
                                     int32_t deviceId, int32_t hoveringPointerId);
     void removeHoveringPointer(int32_t deviceId, int32_t hoveringPointerId);
     void clearHoveringPointers();
+
+    void removeAllPointersForDevice(int32_t removedDeviceId);
     void removeWindowByToken(const sp<IBinder>& token);
     void filterNonAsIsTouchWindows();
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.cpp b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.cpp
index 99c4769..d55d657 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.cpp
@@ -58,6 +58,10 @@
     }
 }
 
+void TouchedWindow::removeAllTouchingPointers() {
+    pointerIds.reset();
+}
+
 void TouchedWindow::removeHoveringPointer(int32_t deviceId, int32_t pointerId) {
     const auto it = mHoveringPointerIdsByDevice.find(deviceId);
     if (it == mHoveringPointerIdsByDevice.end()) {
@@ -70,6 +74,10 @@
     }
 }
 
+void TouchedWindow::removeAllHoveringPointersForDevice(int32_t deviceId) {
+    mHoveringPointerIdsByDevice.erase(deviceId);
+}
+
 std::string TouchedWindow::dump() const {
     std::string out;
     std::string hoveringPointers =
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.h
index aa2e9dd..43e7169 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/TouchedWindow.h
@@ -44,6 +44,9 @@
     void addHoveringPointer(int32_t deviceId, int32_t pointerId);
     void removeHoveringPointer(int32_t deviceId, int32_t pointerId);
     void removeTouchingPointer(int32_t pointerId);
+
+    void removeAllTouchingPointers();
+    void removeAllHoveringPointersForDevice(int32_t deviceId);
     void clearHoveringPointers();
     std::string dump() const;
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherFactory.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherFactory.h
index 5247d8e..6b298c2 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherFactory.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherFactory.h
@@ -25,6 +25,6 @@
 
 // This factory method is used to encapsulate implementation details in internal header files.
 std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcherInterface> createInputDispatcher(
-        const sp<InputDispatcherPolicyInterface>& policy);
+        InputDispatcherPolicyInterface& policy);
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherInterface.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherInterface.h
index 76dce63..c752ddd 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherInterface.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherInterface.h
@@ -225,6 +225,12 @@
      * Abort the current touch stream.
      */
     virtual void cancelCurrentTouch() = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Request that the InputDispatcher's configuration, which can be obtained through the policy,
+     * be updated.
+     */
+    virtual void requestRefreshConfiguration() = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherPolicyInterface.h b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherPolicyInterface.h
index 7843923..5539915 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherPolicyInterface.h
+++ b/services/inputflinger/dispatcher/include/InputDispatcherPolicyInterface.h
@@ -35,12 +35,11 @@
  * The actual implementation is partially supported by callbacks into the DVM
  * via JNI.  This interface is also mocked in the unit tests.
  */
-class InputDispatcherPolicyInterface : public virtual RefBase {
-protected:
-    InputDispatcherPolicyInterface() {}
-    virtual ~InputDispatcherPolicyInterface() {}
-
+class InputDispatcherPolicyInterface {
 public:
+    InputDispatcherPolicyInterface() = default;
+    virtual ~InputDispatcherPolicyInterface() = default;
+
     /* Notifies the system that a configuration change has occurred. */
     virtual void notifyConfigurationChanged(nsecs_t when) = 0;
 
@@ -75,14 +74,14 @@
     virtual void notifyVibratorState(int32_t deviceId, bool isOn) = 0;
 
     /* Gets the input dispatcher configuration. */
-    virtual void getDispatcherConfiguration(InputDispatcherConfiguration* outConfig) = 0;
+    virtual InputDispatcherConfiguration getDispatcherConfiguration() = 0;
 
     /* Filters an input event.
      * Return true to dispatch the event unmodified, false to consume the event.
      * A filter can also transform and inject events later by passing POLICY_FLAG_FILTERED
      * to injectInputEvent.
      */
-    virtual bool filterInputEvent(const InputEvent* inputEvent, uint32_t policyFlags) = 0;
+    virtual bool filterInputEvent(const InputEvent& inputEvent, uint32_t policyFlags) = 0;
 
     /* Intercepts a key event immediately before queueing it.
      * The policy can use this method as an opportunity to perform power management functions
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@
      * This method is expected to set the POLICY_FLAG_PASS_TO_USER policy flag if the event
      * should be dispatched to applications.
      */
-    virtual void interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(const KeyEvent* keyEvent, uint32_t& policyFlags) = 0;
+    virtual void interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(const KeyEvent& keyEvent, uint32_t& policyFlags) = 0;
 
     /* Intercepts a touch, trackball or other motion event before queueing it.
      * The policy can use this method as an opportunity to perform power management functions
@@ -100,18 +99,19 @@
      * This method is expected to set the POLICY_FLAG_PASS_TO_USER policy flag if the event
      * should be dispatched to applications.
      */
-    virtual void interceptMotionBeforeQueueing(const int32_t displayId, nsecs_t when,
+    virtual void interceptMotionBeforeQueueing(int32_t displayId, nsecs_t when,
                                                uint32_t& policyFlags) = 0;
 
     /* Allows the policy a chance to intercept a key before dispatching. */
     virtual nsecs_t interceptKeyBeforeDispatching(const sp<IBinder>& token,
-                                                  const KeyEvent* keyEvent,
+                                                  const KeyEvent& keyEvent,
                                                   uint32_t policyFlags) = 0;
 
     /* Allows the policy a chance to perform default processing for an unhandled key.
-     * Returns an alternate keycode to redispatch as a fallback, or 0 to give up. */
-    virtual bool dispatchUnhandledKey(const sp<IBinder>& token, const KeyEvent* keyEvent,
-                                      uint32_t policyFlags, KeyEvent* outFallbackKeyEvent) = 0;
+     * Returns an alternate key event to redispatch as a fallback, if needed. */
+    virtual std::optional<KeyEvent> dispatchUnhandledKey(const sp<IBinder>& token,
+                                                         const KeyEvent& keyEvent,
+                                                         uint32_t policyFlags) = 0;
 
     /* Notifies the policy about switch events.
      */
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeEventHub.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeEventHub.cpp
index 4626f5a..212fceb 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeEventHub.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/FakeEventHub.cpp
@@ -617,9 +617,11 @@
     }
     // If device sysfs changed -> reopen the device
     if (!mRawLightInfos.empty() && !foundDevice->classes.test(InputDeviceClass::LIGHT)) {
+        InputDeviceIdentifier identifier = foundDevice->identifier;
+        ftl::Flags<InputDeviceClass> classes = foundDevice->classes;
         removeDevice(foundDeviceId);
-        addDevice(foundDeviceId, foundDevice->identifier.name,
-                  foundDevice->classes | InputDeviceClass::LIGHT, foundDevice->identifier.bus);
+        addDevice(foundDeviceId, identifier.name, classes | InputDeviceClass::LIGHT,
+                  identifier.bus);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
index 3bfc7bf..147b7d4 100644
--- a/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
+++ b/services/inputflinger/tests/InputDispatcher_test.cpp
@@ -205,11 +205,9 @@
 
     using AnrResult = std::pair<sp<IBinder>, int32_t /*pid*/>;
 
-protected:
-    virtual ~FakeInputDispatcherPolicy() {}
-
 public:
-    FakeInputDispatcherPolicy() {}
+    FakeInputDispatcherPolicy() = default;
+    virtual ~FakeInputDispatcherPolicy() = default;
 
     void assertFilterInputEventWasCalled(const NotifyKeyArgs& args) {
         assertFilterInputEventWasCalledInternal([&args](const InputEvent& event) {
@@ -404,6 +402,16 @@
         mInterceptKeyTimeout = timeout;
     }
 
+    void assertUserActivityPoked() {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(mPokedUserActivity) << "Expected user activity to have been poked";
+    }
+
+    void assertUserActivityNotPoked() {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+        ASSERT_FALSE(mPokedUserActivity) << "Expected user activity not to have been poked";
+    }
+
 private:
     std::mutex mLock;
     std::unique_ptr<InputEvent> mFilteredEvent GUARDED_BY(mLock);
@@ -425,6 +433,7 @@
 
     sp<IBinder> mDropTargetWindowToken GUARDED_BY(mLock);
     bool mNotifyDropWindowWasCalled GUARDED_BY(mLock) = false;
+    bool mPokedUserActivity GUARDED_BY(mLock) = false;
 
     std::chrono::milliseconds mInterceptKeyTimeout = 0ms;
 
@@ -523,22 +532,20 @@
 
     void notifyVibratorState(int32_t deviceId, bool isOn) override {}
 
-    void getDispatcherConfiguration(InputDispatcherConfiguration* outConfig) override {
-        *outConfig = mConfig;
-    }
+    InputDispatcherConfiguration getDispatcherConfiguration() override { return mConfig; }
 
-    bool filterInputEvent(const InputEvent* inputEvent, uint32_t policyFlags) override {
+    bool filterInputEvent(const InputEvent& inputEvent, uint32_t policyFlags) override {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
-        switch (inputEvent->getType()) {
+        switch (inputEvent.getType()) {
             case InputEventType::KEY: {
-                const KeyEvent* keyEvent = static_cast<const KeyEvent*>(inputEvent);
-                mFilteredEvent = std::make_unique<KeyEvent>(*keyEvent);
+                const KeyEvent& keyEvent = static_cast<const KeyEvent&>(inputEvent);
+                mFilteredEvent = std::make_unique<KeyEvent>(keyEvent);
                 break;
             }
 
             case InputEventType::MOTION: {
-                const MotionEvent* motionEvent = static_cast<const MotionEvent*>(inputEvent);
-                mFilteredEvent = std::make_unique<MotionEvent>(*motionEvent);
+                const MotionEvent& motionEvent = static_cast<const MotionEvent&>(inputEvent);
+                mFilteredEvent = std::make_unique<MotionEvent>(motionEvent);
                 break;
             }
             default: {
@@ -549,8 +556,8 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    void interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(const KeyEvent* inputEvent, uint32_t&) override {
-        if (inputEvent->getAction() == AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP) {
+    void interceptKeyBeforeQueueing(const KeyEvent& inputEvent, uint32_t&) override {
+        if (inputEvent.getAction() == AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_UP) {
             // Clear intercept state when we handled the event.
             mInterceptKeyTimeout = 0ms;
         }
@@ -558,15 +565,16 @@
 
     void interceptMotionBeforeQueueing(int32_t, nsecs_t, uint32_t&) override {}
 
-    nsecs_t interceptKeyBeforeDispatching(const sp<IBinder>&, const KeyEvent*, uint32_t) override {
+    nsecs_t interceptKeyBeforeDispatching(const sp<IBinder>&, const KeyEvent&, uint32_t) override {
         nsecs_t delay = std::chrono::nanoseconds(mInterceptKeyTimeout).count();
         // Clear intercept state so we could dispatch the event in next wake.
         mInterceptKeyTimeout = 0ms;
         return delay;
     }
 
-    bool dispatchUnhandledKey(const sp<IBinder>&, const KeyEvent*, uint32_t, KeyEvent*) override {
-        return false;
+    std::optional<KeyEvent> dispatchUnhandledKey(const sp<IBinder>&, const KeyEvent&,
+                                                 uint32_t) override {
+        return {};
     }
 
     void notifySwitch(nsecs_t when, uint32_t switchValues, uint32_t switchMask,
@@ -578,7 +586,10 @@
         mLastNotifySwitch = NotifySwitchArgs(/*id=*/1, when, policyFlags, switchValues, switchMask);
     }
 
-    void pokeUserActivity(nsecs_t, int32_t, int32_t) override {}
+    void pokeUserActivity(nsecs_t, int32_t, int32_t) override {
+        std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
+        mPokedUserActivity = true;
+    }
 
     void onPointerDownOutsideFocus(const sp<IBinder>& newToken) override {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mLock);
@@ -610,12 +621,12 @@
 
 class InputDispatcherTest : public testing::Test {
 protected:
-    sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy> mFakePolicy;
+    std::unique_ptr<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy> mFakePolicy;
     std::unique_ptr<InputDispatcher> mDispatcher;
 
     void SetUp() override {
-        mFakePolicy = sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy>::make();
-        mDispatcher = std::make_unique<InputDispatcher>(mFakePolicy, STALE_EVENT_TIMEOUT);
+        mFakePolicy = std::make_unique<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy>();
+        mDispatcher = std::make_unique<InputDispatcher>(*mFakePolicy, STALE_EVENT_TIMEOUT);
         mDispatcher->setInputDispatchMode(/*enabled*/ true, /*frozen*/ false);
         // Start InputDispatcher thread
         ASSERT_EQ(OK, mDispatcher->start());
@@ -623,7 +634,7 @@
 
     void TearDown() override {
         ASSERT_EQ(OK, mDispatcher->stop());
-        mFakePolicy.clear();
+        mFakePolicy.reset();
         mDispatcher.reset();
     }
 
@@ -1190,6 +1201,10 @@
         mInfo.setInputConfig(WindowInfo::InputConfig::NO_INPUT_CHANNEL, noInputChannel);
     }
 
+    void setDisableUserActivity(bool disableUserActivity) {
+        mInfo.setInputConfig(WindowInfo::InputConfig::DISABLE_USER_ACTIVITY, disableUserActivity);
+    }
+
     void setAlpha(float alpha) { mInfo.alpha = alpha; }
 
     void setTouchOcclusionMode(TouchOcclusionMode mode) { mInfo.touchOcclusionMode = mode; }
@@ -1742,6 +1757,28 @@
     return args;
 }
 
+static NotifyKeyArgs generateSystemShortcutArgs(int32_t action,
+                                                int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE) {
+    nsecs_t currentTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    // Define a valid key event.
+    NotifyKeyArgs args(/*id=*/0, currentTime, /*readTime=*/0, DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+                       displayId, 0, action, /* flags */ 0, AKEYCODE_C, KEY_C, AMETA_META_ON,
+                       currentTime);
+
+    return args;
+}
+
+static NotifyKeyArgs generateAssistantKeyArgs(int32_t action,
+                                              int32_t displayId = ADISPLAY_ID_NONE) {
+    nsecs_t currentTime = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
+    // Define a valid key event.
+    NotifyKeyArgs args(/*id=*/0, currentTime, /*readTime=*/0, DEVICE_ID, AINPUT_SOURCE_KEYBOARD,
+                       displayId, 0, action, /* flags */ 0, AKEYCODE_ASSIST, KEY_ASSISTANT,
+                       AMETA_NONE, currentTime);
+
+    return args;
+}
+
 [[nodiscard]] static NotifyMotionArgs generateMotionArgs(int32_t action, int32_t source,
                                                          int32_t displayId,
                                                          const std::vector<PointF>& points) {
@@ -3641,6 +3678,30 @@
             AllOf(WithMotionAction(ACTION_CANCEL), WithDisplayId(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT)));
 }
 
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, NotifyDeviceResetCancelsHoveringStream) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher,
+                                                             "Fake Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(MotionArgsBuilder(ACTION_HOVER_ENTER, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS)
+                                      .pointer(PointerBuilder(0, ToolType::STYLUS).x(10).y(10))
+                                      .build());
+
+    window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(ACTION_HOVER_ENTER));
+
+    // When device reset happens, that hover stream should be terminated with ACTION_HOVER_EXIT
+    mDispatcher->notifyDeviceReset({/*id=*/10, /*eventTime=*/20, DEVICE_ID});
+    window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(ACTION_HOVER_EXIT));
+
+    // After the device has been reset, a new hovering stream can be sent to the window
+    mDispatcher->notifyMotion(MotionArgsBuilder(ACTION_HOVER_ENTER, AINPUT_SOURCE_STYLUS)
+                                      .pointer(PointerBuilder(0, ToolType::STYLUS).x(15).y(15))
+                                      .build());
+    window->consumeMotionEvent(WithMotionAction(ACTION_HOVER_ENTER));
+}
+
 TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, InterceptKeyByPolicy) {
     std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
     sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher,
@@ -3957,6 +4018,7 @@
 
     firstWindow->assertNoEvents();
     const MotionEvent* event = secondWindow->consumeMotion();
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, event);
     EXPECT_EQ(AMOTION_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, event->getAction());
 
     // Ensure that the events from the "getRaw" API are in logical display coordinates.
@@ -4530,6 +4592,94 @@
 
     // Window should receive key down event.
     window->consumeKeyDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    // Should have poked user activity
+    mFakePolicy->assertUserActivityPoked();
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, FocusedWindow_DisableUserActivity) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher,
+                                                             "Fake Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    window->setDisableUserActivity(true);
+    window->setFocusable(true);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+    setFocusedWindow(window);
+
+    window->consumeFocusEvent(true);
+
+    mDispatcher->notifyKey(generateKeyArgs(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT));
+
+    // Window should receive key down event.
+    window->consumeKeyDown(ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    // Should have poked user activity
+    mFakePolicy->assertUserActivityNotPoked();
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, FocusedWindow_DoesNotReceiveSystemShortcut) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher,
+                                                             "Fake Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    window->setFocusable(true);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+    setFocusedWindow(window);
+
+    window->consumeFocusEvent(true);
+
+    mDispatcher->notifyKey(generateSystemShortcutArgs(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT));
+    mDispatcher->waitForIdle();
+
+    // System key is not passed down
+    window->assertNoEvents();
+
+    // Should have poked user activity
+    mFakePolicy->assertUserActivityPoked();
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, FocusedWindow_DoesNotReceiveAssistantKey) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher,
+                                                             "Fake Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    window->setFocusable(true);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+    setFocusedWindow(window);
+
+    window->consumeFocusEvent(true);
+
+    mDispatcher->notifyKey(generateAssistantKeyArgs(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT));
+    mDispatcher->waitForIdle();
+
+    // System key is not passed down
+    window->assertNoEvents();
+
+    // Should have poked user activity
+    mFakePolicy->assertUserActivityPoked();
+}
+
+TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, FocusedWindow_SystemKeyIgnoresDisableUserActivity) {
+    std::shared_ptr<FakeApplicationHandle> application = std::make_shared<FakeApplicationHandle>();
+    sp<FakeWindowHandle> window = sp<FakeWindowHandle>::make(application, mDispatcher,
+                                                             "Fake Window", ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+    window->setDisableUserActivity(true);
+    window->setFocusable(true);
+    mDispatcher->setInputWindows({{ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT, {window}}});
+    setFocusedWindow(window);
+
+    window->consumeFocusEvent(true);
+
+    mDispatcher->notifyKey(generateSystemShortcutArgs(AKEY_EVENT_ACTION_DOWN, ADISPLAY_ID_DEFAULT));
+    mDispatcher->waitForIdle();
+
+    // System key is not passed down
+    window->assertNoEvents();
+
+    // Should have poked user activity
+    mFakePolicy->assertUserActivityPoked();
 }
 
 TEST_F(InputDispatcherTest, UnfocusedWindow_DoesNotReceiveFocusEventOrKeyEvent) {
@@ -5281,9 +5431,10 @@
     sp<FakeWindowHandle> mWindow;
 
     virtual void SetUp() override {
-        mFakePolicy = sp<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy>::make();
+        mFakePolicy = std::make_unique<FakeInputDispatcherPolicy>();
         mFakePolicy->setKeyRepeatConfiguration(KEY_REPEAT_TIMEOUT, KEY_REPEAT_DELAY);
-        mDispatcher = std::make_unique<InputDispatcher>(mFakePolicy);
+        mDispatcher = std::make_unique<InputDispatcher>(*mFakePolicy);
+        mDispatcher->requestRefreshConfiguration();
         mDispatcher->setInputDispatchMode(/*enabled*/ true, /*frozen*/ false);
         ASSERT_EQ(OK, mDispatcher->start());
 
diff --git a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
index fe72a69..0aa1bcb 100644
--- a/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
+++ b/services/sensorservice/SensorService.h
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@
             void onUidStateChanged(uid_t uid __unused, int32_t procState __unused,
                                    int64_t procStateSeq __unused,
                                    int32_t capability __unused) override {}
-            void onUidProcAdjChanged(uid_t uid __unused) override {}
+            void onUidProcAdjChanged(uid_t uid __unused, int32_t adj __unused) override {}
 
             void addOverrideUid(uid_t uid, bool active);
             void removeOverrideUid(uid_t uid);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.cpp
index cfa2b03..97af445 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerCreationArgs.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
     }
 
     if (internalLayer) {
-        sequence = getInternalLayerId(sInternalSequence++);
+        sequence = id.value_or(getInternalLayerId(sInternalSequence++));
     } else if (id) {
         sequence = *id;
         sSequence = *id + 1;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp
index 6cacfb5..cd9515c 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/FrontEnd/LayerLifecycleManager.cpp
@@ -38,7 +38,8 @@
         RequestedLayerState& layer = *newLayer.get();
         auto [it, inserted] = mIdToLayer.try_emplace(layer.id, References{.owner = layer});
         if (!inserted) {
-            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Duplicate layer id %d found. Existing layer: %s", layer.id,
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Duplicate layer id found. New layer: %s Existing layer: %s",
+                             layer.getDebugString().c_str(),
                              it->second.owner.getDebugString().c_str());
         }
         mAddedLayers.push_back(newLayer.get());
@@ -200,8 +201,10 @@
 
             if (layer->what & layer_state_t::eBackgroundColorChanged) {
                 if (layer->bgColorLayerId == UNASSIGNED_LAYER_ID && layer->bgColor.a != 0) {
-                    LayerCreationArgs backgroundLayerArgs(layer->id,
-                                                          /*internalLayer=*/true);
+                    LayerCreationArgs
+                            backgroundLayerArgs(LayerCreationArgs::getInternalLayerId(
+                                                        LayerCreationArgs::sInternalSequence++),
+                                                /*internalLayer=*/true);
                     backgroundLayerArgs.parentId = layer->id;
                     backgroundLayerArgs.name = layer->name + "BackgroundColorLayer";
                     backgroundLayerArgs.flags = ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
index 9e40d7f..bfb7a22 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.cpp
@@ -254,7 +254,8 @@
         mFlinger->mTunnelModeEnabledReporter->decrementTunnelModeCount();
     }
     if (mHadClonedChild) {
-        mFlinger->mNumClones--;
+        auto& roots = mFlinger->mLayerMirrorRoots;
+        roots.erase(std::remove(roots.begin(), roots.end(), this), roots.end());
     }
     if (hasTrustedPresentationListener()) {
         mFlinger->mNumTrustedPresentationListeners--;
@@ -2552,7 +2553,10 @@
     return outputLayer ? outputLayer->getState().visibleRegion : Region();
 }
 
-void Layer::setInitialValuesForClone(const sp<Layer>& clonedFrom) {
+void Layer::setInitialValuesForClone(const sp<Layer>& clonedFrom, uint32_t mirrorRootId) {
+    mSnapshot->path.id = clonedFrom->getSequence();
+    mSnapshot->path.mirrorRootId = mirrorRootId;
+
     cloneDrawingState(clonedFrom.get());
     mClonedFrom = clonedFrom;
     mPremultipliedAlpha = clonedFrom->mPremultipliedAlpha;
@@ -2591,7 +2595,7 @@
     mDrawingState.inputInfo = tmpInputInfo;
 }
 
-void Layer::updateMirrorInfo() {
+bool Layer::updateMirrorInfo(const std::deque<Layer*>& cloneRootsPendingUpdates) {
     if (mClonedChild == nullptr || !mClonedChild->isClonedFromAlive()) {
         // If mClonedChild is null, there is nothing to mirror. If isClonedFromAlive returns false,
         // it means that there is a clone, but the layer it was cloned from has been destroyed. In
@@ -2599,7 +2603,7 @@
         // destroyed. The root, this layer, will still be around since the client can continue
         // to hold a reference, but no cloned layers will be displayed.
         mClonedChild = nullptr;
-        return;
+        return true;
     }
 
     std::map<sp<Layer>, sp<Layer>> clonedLayersMap;
@@ -2614,6 +2618,13 @@
     mClonedChild->updateClonedDrawingState(clonedLayersMap);
     mClonedChild->updateClonedChildren(sp<Layer>::fromExisting(this), clonedLayersMap);
     mClonedChild->updateClonedRelatives(clonedLayersMap);
+
+    for (Layer* root : cloneRootsPendingUpdates) {
+        if (clonedLayersMap.find(sp<Layer>::fromExisting(root)) != clonedLayersMap.end()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
 }
 
 void Layer::updateClonedDrawingState(std::map<sp<Layer>, sp<Layer>>& clonedLayersMap) {
@@ -2653,7 +2664,7 @@
         }
         sp<Layer> clonedChild = clonedLayersMap[child];
         if (clonedChild == nullptr) {
-            clonedChild = child->createClone();
+            clonedChild = child->createClone(mirrorRoot->getSequence());
             clonedLayersMap[child] = clonedChild;
         }
         addChildToDrawing(clonedChild);
@@ -2761,7 +2772,7 @@
 void Layer::setClonedChild(const sp<Layer>& clonedChild) {
     mClonedChild = clonedChild;
     mHadClonedChild = true;
-    mFlinger->mNumClones++;
+    mFlinger->mLayerMirrorRoots.push_back(this);
 }
 
 bool Layer::setDropInputMode(gui::DropInputMode mode) {
@@ -3491,11 +3502,11 @@
     }
 }
 
-sp<Layer> Layer::createClone() {
+sp<Layer> Layer::createClone(uint32_t mirrorRootId) {
     LayerCreationArgs args(mFlinger.get(), nullptr, mName + " (Mirror)", 0, LayerMetadata());
     args.textureName = mTextureName;
     sp<Layer> layer = mFlinger->getFactory().createBufferStateLayer(args);
-    layer->setInitialValuesForClone(sp<Layer>::fromExisting(this));
+    layer->setInitialValuesForClone(sp<Layer>::fromExisting(this), mirrorRootId);
     return layer;
 }
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
index b37fa15..4374914 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Layer.h
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@
     // true if this layer is visible, false otherwise
     virtual bool isVisible() const;
 
-    virtual sp<Layer> createClone();
+    virtual sp<Layer> createClone(uint32_t mirrorRoot);
 
     // Set a 2x2 transformation matrix on the layer. This transform
     // will be applied after parent transforms, but before any final
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@
 
     gui::WindowInfo::Type getWindowType() const { return mWindowType; }
 
-    void updateMirrorInfo();
+    bool updateMirrorInfo(const std::deque<Layer*>& cloneRootsPendingUpdates);
 
     /*
      * doTransaction - process the transaction. This is a good place to figure
@@ -922,7 +922,7 @@
     friend class TransactionFrameTracerTest;
     friend class TransactionSurfaceFrameTest;
 
-    virtual void setInitialValuesForClone(const sp<Layer>& clonedFrom);
+    virtual void setInitialValuesForClone(const sp<Layer>& clonedFrom, uint32_t mirrorRootId);
     void preparePerFrameCompositionState();
     void preparePerFrameBufferCompositionState();
     void preparePerFrameEffectsCompositionState();
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.cpp
index f6b5afc..d606cff 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/LayerRenderArea.cpp
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
     // If layer is offscreen, update mirroring info if it exists
     if (mLayer->isRemovedFromCurrentState()) {
         mLayer->traverse(LayerVector::StateSet::Drawing,
-                         [&](Layer* layer) { layer->updateMirrorInfo(); });
+                         [&](Layer* layer) { layer->updateMirrorInfo({}); });
         mLayer->traverse(LayerVector::StateSet::Drawing,
                          [&](Layer* layer) { layer->updateCloneBufferInfo(); });
     }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
index 9a4261d..f1fd6db 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/RefreshRateOverlay.cpp
@@ -355,6 +355,8 @@
     if (isSetByHwc()) {
         transaction.setFlags(surface, layer_state_t::eLayerIsRefreshRateIndicator,
                              layer_state_t::eLayerIsRefreshRateIndicator);
+        // Disable overlay layer caching when refresh rate is updated by the HWC.
+        transaction.setCachingHint(surface, gui::CachingHint::Disabled);
     }
     transaction.setFrameRate(surface, kFrameRate, kCompatibility, kSeamlessness);
     return transaction;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
index 74665a7..af9acf3 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 
+#include <scheduler/VsyncConfig.h>
 #include "DisplayHardware/DisplayMode.h"
 #include "FrameTimeline.h"
 #include "VSyncDispatch.h"
@@ -597,25 +598,34 @@
                                         nsecs_t timestamp,
                                         nsecs_t preferredExpectedPresentationTime,
                                         nsecs_t preferredDeadlineTimestamp) const {
+    uint32_t currentIndex = 0;
     // Add 1 to ensure the preferredFrameTimelineIndex entry (when multiplier == 0) is included.
-    for (int64_t multiplier = -VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength + 1, currentIndex = 0;
-         currentIndex < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength; multiplier++) {
+    for (int64_t multiplier = -VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity + 1;
+         currentIndex < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity; multiplier++) {
         nsecs_t deadlineTimestamp = preferredDeadlineTimestamp + multiplier * frameInterval;
-        // Valid possible frame timelines must have future values.
-        if (deadlineTimestamp > timestamp) {
-            if (multiplier == 0) {
-                outVsyncEventData.preferredFrameTimelineIndex = currentIndex;
-            }
-            nsecs_t expectedPresentationTime =
-                    preferredExpectedPresentationTime + multiplier * frameInterval;
-            outVsyncEventData.frameTimelines[currentIndex] =
-                    {.vsyncId =
-                             generateToken(timestamp, deadlineTimestamp, expectedPresentationTime),
-                     .deadlineTimestamp = deadlineTimestamp,
-                     .expectedPresentationTime = expectedPresentationTime};
-            currentIndex++;
+        // Valid possible frame timelines must have future values, so find a later frame timeline.
+        if (deadlineTimestamp <= timestamp) {
+            continue;
         }
+
+        nsecs_t expectedPresentationTime =
+                preferredExpectedPresentationTime + multiplier * frameInterval;
+        if (expectedPresentationTime >= preferredExpectedPresentationTime +
+                    scheduler::VsyncConfig::kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold.count()) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (multiplier == 0) {
+            outVsyncEventData.preferredFrameTimelineIndex = currentIndex;
+        }
+
+        outVsyncEventData.frameTimelines[currentIndex] =
+                {.vsyncId = generateToken(timestamp, deadlineTimestamp, expectedPresentationTime),
+                 .deadlineTimestamp = deadlineTimestamp,
+                 .expectedPresentationTime = expectedPresentationTime};
+        currentIndex++;
     }
+    outVsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength = currentIndex;
 }
 
 void EventThread::dispatchEvent(const DisplayEventReceiver::Event& event,
@@ -692,17 +702,27 @@
 }
 
 void EventThread::onNewVsyncSchedule(std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule> schedule) {
+    // Hold onto the old registration until after releasing the mutex to avoid deadlock.
+    scheduler::VSyncCallbackRegistration oldRegistration =
+            onNewVsyncScheduleInternal(std::move(schedule));
+}
+
+scheduler::VSyncCallbackRegistration EventThread::onNewVsyncScheduleInternal(
+        std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule> schedule) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mMutex);
     const bool reschedule = mVsyncRegistration.cancel() == scheduler::CancelResult::Cancelled;
     mVsyncSchedule = std::move(schedule);
-    mVsyncRegistration =
-            scheduler::VSyncCallbackRegistration(mVsyncSchedule->getDispatch(),
-                                                 createDispatchCallback(), mThreadName);
+    auto oldRegistration =
+            std::exchange(mVsyncRegistration,
+                          scheduler::VSyncCallbackRegistration(mVsyncSchedule->getDispatch(),
+                                                               createDispatchCallback(),
+                                                               mThreadName));
     if (reschedule) {
         mVsyncRegistration.schedule({.workDuration = mWorkDuration.get().count(),
                                      .readyDuration = mReadyDuration.count(),
                                      .earliestVsync = mLastVsyncCallbackTime.ns()});
     }
+    return oldRegistration;
 }
 
 scheduler::VSyncDispatch::Callback EventThread::createDispatchCallback() {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
index 30869e9..684745b 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/EventThread.h
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
 
     size_t getEventThreadConnectionCount() override;
 
-    void onNewVsyncSchedule(std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule>) override;
+    void onNewVsyncSchedule(std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule>) override EXCLUDES(mMutex);
 
 private:
     friend EventThreadTest;
@@ -201,6 +201,11 @@
 
     scheduler::VSyncDispatch::Callback createDispatchCallback();
 
+    // Returns the old registration so it can be destructed outside the lock to
+    // avoid deadlock.
+    scheduler::VSyncCallbackRegistration onNewVsyncScheduleInternal(
+            std::shared_ptr<scheduler::VsyncSchedule>) EXCLUDES(mMutex);
+
     const char* const mThreadName;
     TracedOrdinal<int> mVsyncTracer;
     TracedOrdinal<std::chrono::nanoseconds> mWorkDuration GUARDED_BY(mMutex);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
index 63a0173..9319543 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.cpp
@@ -406,11 +406,13 @@
 
 void Scheduler::enableHardwareVsync(PhysicalDisplayId id) {
     auto schedule = getVsyncSchedule(id);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!schedule);
     schedule->enableHardwareVsync(mSchedulerCallback);
 }
 
 void Scheduler::disableHardwareVsync(PhysicalDisplayId id, bool disallow) {
     auto schedule = getVsyncSchedule(id);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!schedule);
     schedule->disableHardwareVsync(mSchedulerCallback, disallow);
 }
 
@@ -427,7 +429,10 @@
 void Scheduler::resyncToHardwareVsyncLocked(PhysicalDisplayId id, bool allowToEnable,
                                             std::optional<Fps> refreshRate) {
     const auto displayOpt = mDisplays.get(id);
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!displayOpt);
+    if (!displayOpt) {
+        ALOGW("%s: Invalid display %s!", __func__, to_string(id).c_str());
+        return;
+    }
     const Display& display = *displayOpt;
 
     if (display.schedulePtr->isHardwareVsyncAllowed(allowToEnable)) {
@@ -446,7 +451,10 @@
     ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
 
     const auto displayOpt = mDisplays.get(id);
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!displayOpt);
+    if (!displayOpt) {
+        ALOGW("%s: Invalid display %s!", __func__, to_string(id).c_str());
+        return;
+    }
     const Display& display = *displayOpt;
     const auto mode = display.selectorPtr->getActiveMode();
 
@@ -478,12 +486,18 @@
     const auto hwcVsyncPeriod = ftl::Optional(hwcVsyncPeriodIn).transform([](nsecs_t nanos) {
         return Period::fromNs(nanos);
     });
-    return getVsyncSchedule(id)->addResyncSample(mSchedulerCallback, TimePoint::fromNs(timestamp),
-                                                 hwcVsyncPeriod);
+    auto schedule = getVsyncSchedule(id);
+    if (!schedule) {
+        ALOGW("%s: Invalid display %s!", __func__, to_string(id).c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+    return schedule->addResyncSample(mSchedulerCallback, TimePoint::fromNs(timestamp),
+                                     hwcVsyncPeriod);
 }
 
 void Scheduler::addPresentFence(PhysicalDisplayId id, std::shared_ptr<FenceTime> fence) {
     auto schedule = getVsyncSchedule(id);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!schedule);
     const bool needMoreSignals = schedule->getController().addPresentFence(std::move(fence));
     if (needMoreSignals) {
         schedule->enableHardwareVsync(mSchedulerCallback);
@@ -553,6 +567,7 @@
     {
         std::scoped_lock lock(mDisplayLock);
         auto vsyncSchedule = getVsyncScheduleLocked(id);
+        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!vsyncSchedule);
         vsyncSchedule->getController().setDisplayPowerMode(powerMode);
     }
     if (!isPacesetter) return;
@@ -582,7 +597,9 @@
     }
 
     const auto displayOpt = mDisplays.get(*idOpt);
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!displayOpt);
+    if (!displayOpt) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
     return displayOpt->get().schedulePtr;
 }
 
@@ -830,81 +847,35 @@
 
     using RankedRefreshRates = RefreshRateSelector::RankedFrameRates;
     display::PhysicalDisplayVector<RankedRefreshRates> perDisplayRanking;
-
-    // Tallies the score of a refresh rate across `displayCount` displays.
-    struct RefreshRateTally {
-        explicit RefreshRateTally(float score) : score(score) {}
-
-        float score;
-        size_t displayCount = 1;
-    };
-
-    // Chosen to exceed a typical number of refresh rates across displays.
-    constexpr size_t kStaticCapacity = 8;
-    ftl::SmallMap<Fps, RefreshRateTally, kStaticCapacity, FpsApproxEqual> refreshRateTallies;
-
     const auto globalSignals = makeGlobalSignals();
+    Fps pacesetterFps;
 
     for (const auto& [id, display] : mDisplays) {
         auto rankedFrameRates =
                 display.selectorPtr->getRankedFrameRates(mPolicy.contentRequirements,
                                                          globalSignals);
-
-        for (const auto& [frameRateMode, score] : rankedFrameRates.ranking) {
-            const auto [it, inserted] = refreshRateTallies.try_emplace(frameRateMode.fps, score);
-
-            if (!inserted) {
-                auto& tally = it->second;
-                tally.score += score;
-                tally.displayCount++;
-            }
+        if (id == *mPacesetterDisplayId) {
+            pacesetterFps = rankedFrameRates.ranking.front().frameRateMode.fps;
         }
-
         perDisplayRanking.push_back(std::move(rankedFrameRates));
     }
 
-    auto maxScoreIt = refreshRateTallies.cbegin();
-
-    // Find the first refresh rate common to all displays.
-    while (maxScoreIt != refreshRateTallies.cend() &&
-           maxScoreIt->second.displayCount != mDisplays.size()) {
-        ++maxScoreIt;
-    }
-
-    if (maxScoreIt != refreshRateTallies.cend()) {
-        // Choose the highest refresh rate common to all displays, if any.
-        for (auto it = maxScoreIt + 1; it != refreshRateTallies.cend(); ++it) {
-            const auto [fps, tally] = *it;
-
-            if (tally.displayCount == mDisplays.size() && tally.score > maxScoreIt->second.score) {
-                maxScoreIt = it;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    const std::optional<Fps> chosenFps = maxScoreIt != refreshRateTallies.cend()
-            ? std::make_optional(maxScoreIt->first)
-            : std::nullopt;
-
     DisplayModeChoiceMap modeChoices;
-
     using fps_approx_ops::operator==;
 
-    for (auto& [ranking, signals] : perDisplayRanking) {
-        if (!chosenFps) {
-            const auto& [frameRateMode, _] = ranking.front();
-            modeChoices.try_emplace(frameRateMode.modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId(),
-                                    DisplayModeChoice{frameRateMode, signals});
-            continue;
-        }
+    for (auto& [rankings, signals] : perDisplayRanking) {
+        const auto chosenFrameRateMode =
+                ftl::find_if(rankings,
+                             [&](const auto& ranking) {
+                                 return ranking.frameRateMode.fps == pacesetterFps;
+                             })
+                        .transform([](const auto& scoredFrameRate) {
+                            return scoredFrameRate.get().frameRateMode;
+                        })
+                        .value_or(rankings.front().frameRateMode);
 
-        for (auto& [frameRateMode, _] : ranking) {
-            if (frameRateMode.fps == *chosenFps) {
-                modeChoices.try_emplace(frameRateMode.modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId(),
-                                        DisplayModeChoice{frameRateMode, signals});
-                break;
-            }
-        }
+        modeChoices.try_emplace(chosenFrameRateMode.modePtr->getPhysicalDisplayId(),
+                                DisplayModeChoice{chosenFrameRateMode, signals});
     }
     return modeChoices;
 }
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
index 43aab2d..f13c878 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/Scheduler.h
@@ -196,8 +196,8 @@
     // Sets the render rate for the scheduler to run at.
     void setRenderRate(PhysicalDisplayId, Fps);
 
-    void enableHardwareVsync(PhysicalDisplayId);
-    void disableHardwareVsync(PhysicalDisplayId, bool disallow);
+    void enableHardwareVsync(PhysicalDisplayId) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
+    void disableHardwareVsync(PhysicalDisplayId, bool disallow) REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
     // Resyncs the scheduler to hardware vsync.
     // If allowToEnable is true, then hardware vsync will be turned on.
@@ -219,7 +219,8 @@
     // otherwise.
     bool addResyncSample(PhysicalDisplayId, nsecs_t timestamp,
                          std::optional<nsecs_t> hwcVsyncPeriod);
-    void addPresentFence(PhysicalDisplayId, std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock);
+    void addPresentFence(PhysicalDisplayId, std::shared_ptr<FenceTime>) EXCLUDES(mDisplayLock)
+            REQUIRES(kMainThreadContext);
 
     // Layers are registered on creation, and unregistered when the weak reference expires.
     void registerLayer(Layer*);
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h
index 77875e3..c3a952f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h
@@ -155,10 +155,6 @@
     VSyncDispatch& operator=(const VSyncDispatch&) = delete;
 };
 
-/*
- * Helper class to operate on registered callbacks. It is up to user of the class to ensure
- * that VsyncDispatch lifetime exceeds the lifetime of VSyncCallbackRegistation.
- */
 class VSyncCallbackRegistration {
 public:
     VSyncCallbackRegistration(std::shared_ptr<VSyncDispatch>, VSyncDispatch::Callback,
@@ -178,9 +174,10 @@
     CancelResult cancel();
 
 private:
+    friend class VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest;
+
     std::shared_ptr<VSyncDispatch> mDispatch;
-    VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken mToken;
-    bool mValidToken;
+    std::optional<VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken> mToken;
 };
 
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
index 26389eb..1f922f1 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.cpp
@@ -21,12 +21,16 @@
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <ftl/concat.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
+#include <log/log_main.h>
 
 #include <scheduler/TimeKeeper.h>
 
 #include "VSyncDispatchTimerQueue.h"
 #include "VSyncTracker.h"
 
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "VSyncDispatch"
+
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
 using base::StringAppendF;
@@ -225,6 +229,10 @@
 VSyncDispatchTimerQueue::~VSyncDispatchTimerQueue() {
     std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
     cancelTimer();
+    for (auto& [_, entry] : mCallbacks) {
+        ALOGE("Forgot to unregister a callback on VSyncDispatch!");
+        entry->ensureNotRunning();
+    }
 }
 
 void VSyncDispatchTimerQueue::cancelTimer() {
@@ -438,47 +446,44 @@
                                                      VSyncDispatch::Callback callback,
                                                      std::string callbackName)
       : mDispatch(std::move(dispatch)),
-        mToken(mDispatch->registerCallback(std::move(callback), std::move(callbackName))),
-        mValidToken(true) {}
+        mToken(mDispatch->registerCallback(std::move(callback), std::move(callbackName))) {}
 
 VSyncCallbackRegistration::VSyncCallbackRegistration(VSyncCallbackRegistration&& other)
-      : mDispatch(std::move(other.mDispatch)),
-        mToken(std::move(other.mToken)),
-        mValidToken(std::move(other.mValidToken)) {
-    other.mValidToken = false;
-}
+      : mDispatch(std::move(other.mDispatch)), mToken(std::exchange(other.mToken, std::nullopt)) {}
 
 VSyncCallbackRegistration& VSyncCallbackRegistration::operator=(VSyncCallbackRegistration&& other) {
+    if (this == &other) return *this;
+    if (mToken) {
+        mDispatch->unregisterCallback(*mToken);
+    }
     mDispatch = std::move(other.mDispatch);
-    mToken = std::move(other.mToken);
-    mValidToken = std::move(other.mValidToken);
-    other.mValidToken = false;
+    mToken = std::exchange(other.mToken, std::nullopt);
     return *this;
 }
 
 VSyncCallbackRegistration::~VSyncCallbackRegistration() {
-    if (mValidToken) mDispatch->unregisterCallback(mToken);
+    if (mToken) mDispatch->unregisterCallback(*mToken);
 }
 
 ScheduleResult VSyncCallbackRegistration::schedule(VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming scheduleTiming) {
-    if (!mValidToken) {
+    if (!mToken) {
         return std::nullopt;
     }
-    return mDispatch->schedule(mToken, scheduleTiming);
+    return mDispatch->schedule(*mToken, scheduleTiming);
 }
 
 ScheduleResult VSyncCallbackRegistration::update(VSyncDispatch::ScheduleTiming scheduleTiming) {
-    if (!mValidToken) {
+    if (!mToken) {
         return std::nullopt;
     }
-    return mDispatch->update(mToken, scheduleTiming);
+    return mDispatch->update(*mToken, scheduleTiming);
 }
 
 CancelResult VSyncCallbackRegistration::cancel() {
-    if (!mValidToken) {
+    if (!mToken) {
         return CancelResult::Error;
     }
-    return mDispatch->cancel(mToken);
+    return mDispatch->cancel(*mToken);
 }
 
 } // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/VsyncConfig.h b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/VsyncConfig.h
index 3b1985f..47d95a8 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/VsyncConfig.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/Scheduler/include/scheduler/VsyncConfig.h
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 
 namespace android::scheduler {
 
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
 // Phase offsets and work durations for SF and app deadlines from VSYNC.
 struct VsyncConfig {
     nsecs_t sfOffset;
@@ -35,6 +37,10 @@
     }
 
     bool operator!=(const VsyncConfig& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
+
+    // The duration for which SF can delay a frame if it is considered early based on the
+    // VsyncConfig::appWorkDuration.
+    static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold = 100ms;
 };
 
 struct VsyncConfigSet {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
index d406aff..b5ba94e 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.cpp
@@ -1146,17 +1146,26 @@
     std::optional<PhysicalDisplayId> displayIdOpt;
     {
         Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
-        displayIdOpt = getPhysicalDisplayIdLocked(displayToken);
+        if (displayToken) {
+            displayIdOpt = getPhysicalDisplayIdLocked(displayToken);
+            if (!displayIdOpt) {
+                ALOGW("%s: Invalid physical display token %p", __func__, displayToken.get());
+                return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // TODO (b/277364366): Clients should be updated to pass in the display they
+            // want, rather than us picking an arbitrary one (the active display, in this
+            // case).
+            displayIdOpt = mActiveDisplayId;
+        }
     }
 
-    // TODO (b/277364366): Clients should be updated to pass in the display they
-    // want, rather than us picking an arbitrary one (the pacesetter, in this
-    // case).
-    if (displayToken && !displayIdOpt) {
-        ALOGE("%s: Invalid physical display token %p", __func__, displayToken.get());
+    const auto schedule = mScheduler->getVsyncSchedule(displayIdOpt);
+    if (!schedule) {
+        ALOGE("%s: Missing VSYNC schedule for display %s!", __func__,
+              to_string(*displayIdOpt).c_str());
         return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
     }
-    const auto schedule = mScheduler->getVsyncSchedule(displayIdOpt);
     outStats->vsyncTime = schedule->vsyncDeadlineAfter(TimePoint::now()).ns();
     outStats->vsyncPeriod = schedule->period().ns();
     return NO_ERROR;
@@ -2136,7 +2145,9 @@
     static_cast<void>(mScheduler->schedule([=]() FTL_FAKE_GUARD(mStateLock) {
         {
             ftl::FakeGuard guard(kMainThreadContext);
-            mScheduler->getVsyncSchedule(id)->setPendingHardwareVsyncState(enabled);
+            if (auto schedule = mScheduler->getVsyncSchedule(id)) {
+                schedule->setPendingHardwareVsyncState(enabled);
+            }
         }
 
         ATRACE_FORMAT("%s (%d) for %" PRIu64 " (main thread)", whence, enabled, id.value);
@@ -2307,7 +2318,7 @@
                 sp<Layer> bgColorLayer = getFactory().createEffectLayer(
                         LayerCreationArgs(this, nullptr, layer->name,
                                           ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceEffect, LayerMetadata(),
-                                          std::make_optional(layer->parentId), true));
+                                          std::make_optional(layer->id), true));
                 mLegacyLayers[bgColorLayer->sequence] = bgColorLayer;
             }
             const bool willReleaseBufferOnLatch = layer->willReleaseBufferOnLatch();
@@ -2874,7 +2885,10 @@
     }
 
     for (auto layer : mLayersWithBuffersRemoved) {
-        for (auto layerStack : layer->mPreviouslyPresentedLayerStacks) {
+        std::vector<ui::LayerStack> previouslyPresentedLayerStacks =
+                std::move(layer->mPreviouslyPresentedLayerStacks);
+        layer->mPreviouslyPresentedLayerStacks.clear();
+        for (auto layerStack : previouslyPresentedLayerStacks) {
             auto optDisplay = layerStackToDisplay.get(layerStack);
             if (optDisplay && !optDisplay->get()->isVirtual()) {
                 auto fence = getHwComposer().getPresentFence(optDisplay->get()->getPhysicalId());
@@ -4006,8 +4020,21 @@
     }
 
     commitOffscreenLayers();
-    if (mNumClones > 0) {
-        mDrawingState.traverse([&](Layer* layer) { layer->updateMirrorInfo(); });
+    if (mLayerMirrorRoots.size() > 0) {
+        std::deque<Layer*> pendingUpdates;
+        pendingUpdates.insert(pendingUpdates.end(), mLayerMirrorRoots.begin(),
+                              mLayerMirrorRoots.end());
+        std::vector<Layer*> needsUpdating;
+        for (Layer* cloneRoot : mLayerMirrorRoots) {
+            pendingUpdates.pop_front();
+            if (cloneRoot->updateMirrorInfo(pendingUpdates)) {
+            } else {
+                needsUpdating.push_back(cloneRoot);
+            }
+        }
+        for (Layer* cloneRoot : needsUpdating) {
+            cloneRoot->updateMirrorInfo({});
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -4114,7 +4141,7 @@
         mBootStage = BootStage::BOOTANIMATION;
     }
 
-    if (mNumClones > 0) {
+    if (mLayerMirrorRoots.size() > 0) {
         mDrawingState.traverse([&](Layer* layer) { layer->updateCloneBufferInfo(); });
     }
 
@@ -4394,10 +4421,8 @@
 
     const auto predictedPresentTime = TimePoint::fromNs(prediction->presentTime);
 
-    // The duration for which SF can delay a frame if it is considered early based on the
-    // VsyncConfig::appWorkDuration.
-    if (constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold = 100ms;
-        std::chrono::abs(predictedPresentTime - expectedPresentTime) >= kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold) {
+    if (std::chrono::abs(predictedPresentTime - expectedPresentTime) >=
+        scheduler::VsyncConfig::kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -5243,7 +5268,7 @@
             return result;
         }
 
-        mirrorLayer->setClonedChild(mirrorFrom->createClone());
+        mirrorLayer->setClonedChild(mirrorFrom->createClone(mirrorLayer->getSequence()));
     }
 
     outResult.layerId = mirrorLayer->sequence;
@@ -8022,7 +8047,7 @@
                 Mutex::Autolock lock(mStateLock);
                 createEffectLayer(mirrorArgs, &unused, &childMirror);
                 MUTEX_ALIAS(mStateLock, childMirror->mFlinger->mStateLock);
-                childMirror->setClonedChild(layer->createClone());
+                childMirror->setClonedChild(layer->createClone(childMirror->getSequence()));
                 childMirror->reparent(mirrorDisplay.rootHandle);
             }
             // lock on mStateLock needs to be released before binder handle gets destroyed
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
index cd7659b..92e19c0 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/SurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -296,8 +296,7 @@
     // the client can no longer modify this layer directly.
     void onHandleDestroyed(BBinder* handle, sp<Layer>& layer, uint32_t layerId);
 
-    // TODO: Remove atomic if move dtor to main thread CL lands
-    std::atomic<uint32_t> mNumClones;
+    std::vector<Layer*> mLayerMirrorRoots;
 
     TransactionCallbackInvoker& getTransactionCallbackInvoker() {
         return mTransactionCallbackInvoker;
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.h
index a32750e..8061a8f 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/fuzzer/surfaceflinger_scheduler_fuzzer.h
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 
     bool isVisible() const override { return true; }
 
-    sp<Layer> createClone() override { return nullptr; }
+    sp<Layer> createClone(uint32_t /* mirrorRootId */) override { return nullptr; }
 };
 
 class FuzzImplVSyncTracker : public scheduler::VSyncTracker {
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/DisplayEventReceiver_test.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/DisplayEventReceiver_test.cpp
index 0df7e2f..4c26017 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/DisplayEventReceiver_test.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/DisplayEventReceiver_test.cpp
@@ -33,9 +33,14 @@
 
     const VsyncEventData& vsyncEventData = parcelableVsyncEventData.vsync;
     EXPECT_NE(std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max(), vsyncEventData.preferredFrameTimelineIndex);
+    EXPECT_GT(static_cast<int64_t>(vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength), 0)
+            << "Frame timelines length should be greater than 0";
+    EXPECT_LE(static_cast<int64_t>(vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength),
+              VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity)
+            << "Frame timelines length should not exceed max capacity";
     EXPECT_GT(vsyncEventData.frameTimelines[0].deadlineTimestamp, now)
             << "Deadline timestamp should be greater than frame time";
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength; i++) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength; i++) {
         EXPECT_NE(gui::FrameTimelineInfo::INVALID_VSYNC_ID,
                   vsyncEventData.frameTimelines[i].vsyncId);
         EXPECT_GT(vsyncEventData.frameTimelines[i].expectedPresentationTime,
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/Android.bp
index aa6c74e..21ebaea 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/tracing/Android.bp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
     ],
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     sanitize: {
-        address: false,
+        address: true,
     },
     srcs: [
         ":libsurfaceflinger_sources",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
index 201d37f..55705ca 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/Android.bp
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@
         "SurfaceFlinger_DisplayTransactionCommitTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_ExcludeDolbyVisionTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_GetDisplayNativePrimariesTest.cpp",
+        "SurfaceFlinger_GetDisplayStatsTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_HdrOutputControlTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_HotplugTest.cpp",
         "SurfaceFlinger_InitializeDisplaysTest.cpp",
@@ -128,6 +129,7 @@
         "TransactionTracingTest.cpp",
         "TunnelModeEnabledReporterTest.cpp",
         "StrongTypingTest.cpp",
+        "VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest.cpp",
         "VSyncDispatchTimerQueueTest.cpp",
         "VSyncDispatchRealtimeTest.cpp",
         "VsyncModulatorTest.cpp",
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
index f1cdca3..5fed9b4 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/EventThreadTest.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
+#include <scheduler/VsyncConfig.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 
 #include "AsyncCallRecorder.h"
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@
     EventThreadTest();
     ~EventThreadTest() override;
 
-    void createThread();
+    void setupEventThread(std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncPeriod);
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> createConnection(ConnectionEventRecorder& recorder,
                                                    EventRegistrationFlags eventRegistration = {},
                                                    uid_t ownerUid = mConnectionUid);
@@ -90,8 +91,9 @@
                                               nsecs_t expectedTimestamp, unsigned expectedCount);
     void expectVsyncEventReceivedByConnection(nsecs_t expectedTimestamp, unsigned expectedCount);
     void expectVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect(
-            nsecs_t expectedTimestamp,
-            /*VSyncSource::VSyncData*/ gui::VsyncEventData::FrameTimeline preferredVsyncData);
+            nsecs_t expectedTimestamp, gui::VsyncEventData::FrameTimeline preferredVsyncData);
+    void expectVsyncEventDataFrameTimelinesValidLength(VsyncEventData vsyncEventData,
+                                                       std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncPeriod);
     void expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(PhysicalDisplayId expectedDisplayId,
                                                 bool expectedConnected);
     void expectConfigChangedEventReceivedByConnection(PhysicalDisplayId expectedDisplayId,
@@ -154,19 +156,6 @@
             .WillRepeatedly(Invoke(mVSyncCallbackUpdateRecorder.getInvocable()));
     EXPECT_CALL(mockDispatch, unregisterCallback(_))
             .WillRepeatedly(Invoke(mVSyncCallbackUnregisterRecorder.getInvocable()));
-
-    createThread();
-    mConnection =
-            createConnection(mConnectionEventCallRecorder,
-                             gui::ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistration::modeChanged |
-                                     gui::ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistration::frameRateOverride);
-    mThrottledConnection = createConnection(mThrottledConnectionEventCallRecorder,
-                                            gui::ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistration::modeChanged,
-                                            mThrottledConnectionUid);
-
-    // A display must be connected for VSYNC events to be delivered.
-    mThread->onHotplugReceived(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
-    expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
 }
 
 EventThreadTest::~EventThreadTest() {
@@ -179,14 +168,12 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(mVSyncCallbackUnregisterRecorder.waitForCall().has_value());
 }
 
-void EventThreadTest::createThread() {
+void EventThreadTest::setupEventThread(std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncPeriod) {
     const auto throttleVsync = [&](nsecs_t expectedVsyncTimestamp, uid_t uid) {
         mThrottleVsyncCallRecorder.getInvocable()(expectedVsyncTimestamp, uid);
         return (uid == mThrottledConnectionUid);
     };
-    const auto getVsyncPeriod = [](uid_t uid) {
-        return VSYNC_PERIOD.count();
-    };
+    const auto getVsyncPeriod = [vsyncPeriod](uid_t uid) { return vsyncPeriod.count(); };
 
     mTokenManager = std::make_unique<frametimeline::impl::TokenManager>();
     mThread = std::make_unique<impl::EventThread>("EventThreadTest", mVsyncSchedule,
@@ -195,6 +182,18 @@
 
     // EventThread should register itself as VSyncSource callback.
     EXPECT_TRUE(mVSyncCallbackRegisterRecorder.waitForCall().has_value());
+
+    mConnection =
+            createConnection(mConnectionEventCallRecorder,
+                             gui::ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistration::modeChanged |
+                                     gui::ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistration::frameRateOverride);
+    mThrottledConnection = createConnection(mThrottledConnectionEventCallRecorder,
+                                            gui::ISurfaceComposer::EventRegistration::modeChanged,
+                                            mThrottledConnectionUid);
+
+    // A display must be connected for VSYNC events to be delivered.
+    mThread->onHotplugReceived(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
+    expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
 }
 
 sp<EventThreadTest::MockEventThreadConnection> EventThreadTest::createConnection(
@@ -259,7 +258,7 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(args.has_value()) << " did not receive an event for timestamp "
                                   << expectedTimestamp;
     const auto& event = std::get<0>(args.value());
-    for (int i = 0; i < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < event.vsync.vsyncData.frameTimelinesLength; i++) {
         auto prediction = mTokenManager->getPredictionsForToken(
                 event.vsync.vsyncData.frameTimelines[i].vsyncId);
         EXPECT_TRUE(prediction.has_value());
@@ -293,6 +292,21 @@
     }
 }
 
+void EventThreadTest::expectVsyncEventDataFrameTimelinesValidLength(
+        VsyncEventData vsyncEventData, std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncPeriod) {
+    float nonPreferredTimelinesAmount =
+            scheduler::VsyncConfig::kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold / vsyncPeriod;
+    EXPECT_LE(vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength, nonPreferredTimelinesAmount + 1)
+            << "Amount of non-preferred frame timelines too many;"
+            << " expected presentation time will be over threshold";
+    EXPECT_LT(nonPreferredTimelinesAmount, VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity)
+            << "Amount of non-preferred frame timelines should be less than max capacity";
+    EXPECT_GT(static_cast<int64_t>(vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength), 0)
+            << "Frame timelines length should be greater than 0";
+    EXPECT_LT(vsyncEventData.preferredFrameTimelineIndex, vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength)
+            << "Preferred frame timeline index should be less than frame timelines length";
+}
+
 void EventThreadTest::expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(PhysicalDisplayId expectedDisplayId,
                                                              bool expectedConnected) {
     auto args = mConnectionEventCallRecorder.waitForCall();
@@ -343,6 +357,8 @@
  */
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, canCreateAndDestroyThreadWithNoEventsSent) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncCallbackRegisterRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
     EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncCallbackScheduleRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
     EXPECT_FALSE(mVSyncCallbackUpdateRecorder.waitForCall(0us).has_value());
@@ -352,6 +368,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, vsyncRequestIsIgnoredIfDisplayIsDisconnected) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->onHotplugReceived(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
     expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
 
@@ -363,6 +381,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, requestNextVsyncPostsASingleVSyncEventToTheConnection) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     // Signal that we want the next vsync event to be posted to the connection
     mThread->requestNextVsync(mConnection);
 
@@ -394,6 +414,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, requestNextVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     // Signal that we want the next vsync event to be posted to the connection
     mThread->requestNextVsync(mConnection);
 
@@ -405,7 +427,34 @@
     expectVsyncEventFrameTimelinesCorrect(123, {-1, 789, 456});
 }
 
+TEST_F(EventThreadTest, requestNextVsyncEventFrameTimelinesValidLength) {
+    // The VsyncEventData should not have kFrameTimelinesCapacity amount of valid frame timelines,
+    // due to longer vsync period and kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold. Use length-2 to avoid decimal
+    // truncation (e.g. 60Hz has 16.6... ms vsync period).
+    std::chrono::nanoseconds vsyncPeriod(scheduler::VsyncConfig::kEarlyLatchMaxThreshold /
+                                         (VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesCapacity - 2));
+    setupEventThread(vsyncPeriod);
+
+    // Signal that we want the next vsync event to be posted to the connection
+    mThread->requestNextVsync(mConnection);
+
+    expectVSyncCallbackScheduleReceived(true);
+
+    // Use the received callback to signal a vsync event.
+    // The throttler should receive the event, as well as the connection.
+    nsecs_t expectedTimestamp = 123;
+    onVSyncEvent(expectedTimestamp, 456, 789);
+
+    auto args = mConnectionEventCallRecorder.waitForCall();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(args.has_value()) << " did not receive an event for timestamp "
+                                  << expectedTimestamp;
+    const VsyncEventData vsyncEventData = std::get<0>(args.value()).vsync.vsyncData;
+    expectVsyncEventDataFrameTimelinesValidLength(vsyncEventData, vsyncPeriod);
+}
+
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, getLatestVsyncEventData) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     const nsecs_t now = systemTime();
     const nsecs_t preferredExpectedPresentationTime = now + 20000000;
     const nsecs_t preferredDeadline = preferredExpectedPresentationTime - kReadyDuration.count();
@@ -420,9 +469,10 @@
     // Check EventThread immediately requested a resync.
     EXPECT_TRUE(mResyncCallRecorder.waitForCall().has_value());
 
+    expectVsyncEventDataFrameTimelinesValidLength(vsyncEventData, VSYNC_PERIOD);
     EXPECT_GT(vsyncEventData.frameTimelines[0].deadlineTimestamp, now)
             << "Deadline timestamp should be greater than frame time";
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < VsyncEventData::kFrameTimelinesLength; i++) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < vsyncEventData.frameTimelinesLength; i++) {
         auto prediction =
                 mTokenManager->getPredictionsForToken(vsyncEventData.frameTimelines[i].vsyncId);
         EXPECT_TRUE(prediction.has_value());
@@ -458,6 +508,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, setVsyncRateZeroPostsNoVSyncEventsToThatConnection) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     // Create a first connection, register it, and request a vsync rate of zero.
     ConnectionEventRecorder firstConnectionEventRecorder{0};
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> firstConnection = createConnection(firstConnectionEventRecorder);
@@ -485,6 +537,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, setVsyncRateOnePostsAllEventsToThatConnection) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->setVsyncRate(1, mConnection);
 
     // EventThread should enable vsync callbacks.
@@ -508,6 +562,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, setVsyncRateTwoPostsEveryOtherEventToThatConnection) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->setVsyncRate(2, mConnection);
 
     // EventThread should enable vsync callbacks.
@@ -534,6 +590,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, connectionsRemovedIfInstanceDestroyed) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->setVsyncRate(1, mConnection);
 
     // EventThread should enable vsync callbacks.
@@ -551,6 +609,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, connectionsRemovedIfEventDeliveryError) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     ConnectionEventRecorder errorConnectionEventRecorder{NO_MEMORY};
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> errorConnection = createConnection(errorConnectionEventRecorder);
     mThread->setVsyncRate(1, errorConnection);
@@ -575,6 +635,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, tracksEventConnections) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     EXPECT_EQ(2, mThread->getEventThreadConnectionCount());
     ConnectionEventRecorder errorConnectionEventRecorder{NO_MEMORY};
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> errorConnection = createConnection(errorConnectionEventRecorder);
@@ -598,6 +660,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, eventsDroppedIfNonfatalEventDeliveryError) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     ConnectionEventRecorder errorConnectionEventRecorder{WOULD_BLOCK};
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> errorConnection = createConnection(errorConnectionEventRecorder);
     mThread->setVsyncRate(1, errorConnection);
@@ -622,31 +686,43 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, setPhaseOffsetForwardsToVSyncSource) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->setDuration(321ns, 456ns);
     expectVSyncSetDurationCallReceived(321ns, 456ns);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postHotplugInternalDisconnect) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->onHotplugReceived(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
     expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postHotplugInternalConnect) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->onHotplugReceived(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
     expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postHotplugExternalDisconnect) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->onHotplugReceived(EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
     expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, false);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postHotplugExternalConnect) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     mThread->onHotplugReceived(EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
     expectHotplugEventReceivedByConnection(EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID, true);
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postConfigChangedPrimary) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     const auto mode = DisplayMode::Builder(hal::HWConfigId(0))
                               .setPhysicalDisplayId(INTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID)
                               .setId(DisplayModeId(7))
@@ -659,6 +735,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postConfigChangedExternal) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     const auto mode = DisplayMode::Builder(hal::HWConfigId(0))
                               .setPhysicalDisplayId(EXTERNAL_DISPLAY_ID)
                               .setId(DisplayModeId(5))
@@ -671,6 +749,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postConfigChangedPrimary64bit) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     const auto mode = DisplayMode::Builder(hal::HWConfigId(0))
                               .setPhysicalDisplayId(DISPLAY_ID_64BIT)
                               .setId(DisplayModeId(7))
@@ -682,6 +762,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, suppressConfigChanged) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     ConnectionEventRecorder suppressConnectionEventRecorder{0};
     sp<MockEventThreadConnection> suppressConnection =
             createConnection(suppressConnectionEventRecorder);
@@ -701,6 +783,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, postUidFrameRateMapping) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     const std::vector<FrameRateOverride> overrides = {
             {.uid = 1, .frameRateHz = 20},
             {.uid = 3, .frameRateHz = 40},
@@ -712,6 +796,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, suppressUidFrameRateMapping) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     const std::vector<FrameRateOverride> overrides = {
             {.uid = 1, .frameRateHz = 20},
             {.uid = 3, .frameRateHz = 40},
@@ -730,6 +816,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(EventThreadTest, requestNextVsyncWithThrottleVsyncDoesntPostVSync) {
+    setupEventThread(VSYNC_PERIOD);
+
     // Signal that we want the next vsync event to be posted to the throttled connection
     mThread->requestNextVsync(mThrottledConnection);
 
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
index dc76b4c..965e378 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SchedulerTest.cpp
@@ -359,7 +359,8 @@
         EXPECT_EQ(expectedChoices, actualChoices);
     }
     {
-        // This display does not support 120 Hz, so we should choose 60 Hz despite the touch signal.
+        // The kDisplayId3 does not support 120Hz, The pacesetter display rate is chosen to be 120
+        // Hz. In this case only the display kDisplayId3 choose 60Hz as it does not support 120Hz.
         mScheduler
                 ->registerDisplay(kDisplayId3,
                                   std::make_shared<RefreshRateSelector>(kDisplay3Modes,
@@ -371,6 +372,26 @@
 
         expectedChoices = ftl::init::map<
                 const PhysicalDisplayId&,
+                DisplayModeChoice>(kDisplayId1, FrameRateMode{120_Hz, kDisplay1Mode120},
+                                   globalSignals)(kDisplayId2,
+                                                  FrameRateMode{120_Hz, kDisplay2Mode120},
+                                                  globalSignals)(kDisplayId3,
+                                                                 FrameRateMode{60_Hz,
+                                                                               kDisplay3Mode60},
+                                                                 globalSignals);
+
+        const auto actualChoices = mScheduler->chooseDisplayModes();
+        EXPECT_EQ(expectedChoices, actualChoices);
+    }
+    {
+        // We should choose 60Hz despite the touch signal as pacesetter only supports 60Hz
+        mScheduler->setPacesetterDisplay(kDisplayId3);
+        const GlobalSignals globalSignals = {.touch = true};
+        mScheduler->replaceTouchTimer(10);
+        mScheduler->setTouchStateAndIdleTimerPolicy(globalSignals);
+
+        expectedChoices = ftl::init::map<
+                const PhysicalDisplayId&,
                 DisplayModeChoice>(kDisplayId1, FrameRateMode{60_Hz, kDisplay1Mode60},
                                    globalSignals)(kDisplayId2,
                                                   FrameRateMode{60_Hz, kDisplay2Mode60},
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_GetDisplayStatsTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_GetDisplayStatsTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29acfaa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/SurfaceFlinger_GetDisplayStatsTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "SurfaceFlingerGetDisplayStatsTest"
+
+#include <compositionengine/Display.h>
+#include <compositionengine/mock/DisplaySurface.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <renderengine/mock/RenderEngine.h>
+#include <ui/DisplayStatInfo.h>
+#include "TestableSurfaceFlinger.h"
+#include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockComposer.h"
+#include "mock/DisplayHardware/MockPowerAdvisor.h"
+#include "mock/MockTimeStats.h"
+#include "mock/system/window/MockNativeWindow.h"
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace testing;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace {
+using FakeHwcDisplayInjector = TestableSurfaceFlinger::FakeHwcDisplayInjector;
+using FakeDisplayDeviceInjector = TestableSurfaceFlinger::FakeDisplayDeviceInjector;
+
+constexpr hal::HWDisplayId HWC_DISPLAY = FakeHwcDisplayInjector::DEFAULT_HWC_DISPLAY_ID;
+constexpr PhysicalDisplayId DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID = PhysicalDisplayId::fromPort(42u);
+constexpr int DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH = 1920;
+constexpr int DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT = 1024;
+
+class SurfaceFlingerGetDisplayStatsTest : public Test {
+public:
+    void SetUp() override;
+
+protected:
+    TestableSurfaceFlinger mFlinger;
+    renderengine::mock::RenderEngine* mRenderEngine = new renderengine::mock::RenderEngine();
+    sp<DisplayDevice> mDisplay;
+    sp<compositionengine::mock::DisplaySurface> mDisplaySurface =
+            sp<compositionengine::mock::DisplaySurface>::make();
+    sp<mock::NativeWindow> mNativeWindow = sp<mock::NativeWindow>::make();
+    mock::TimeStats* mTimeStats = new mock::TimeStats();
+    Hwc2::mock::PowerAdvisor* mPowerAdvisor = nullptr;
+    Hwc2::mock::Composer* mComposer = nullptr;
+};
+
+void SurfaceFlingerGetDisplayStatsTest::SetUp() {
+    mFlinger.setupMockScheduler({.displayId = DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID});
+    mComposer = new Hwc2::mock::Composer();
+    mPowerAdvisor = new Hwc2::mock::PowerAdvisor();
+    mFlinger.setupRenderEngine(std::unique_ptr<renderengine::RenderEngine>(mRenderEngine));
+    mFlinger.setupTimeStats(std::shared_ptr<TimeStats>(mTimeStats));
+    mFlinger.setupComposer(std::unique_ptr<Hwc2::Composer>(mComposer));
+    mFlinger.setupPowerAdvisor(std::unique_ptr<Hwc2::PowerAdvisor>(mPowerAdvisor));
+    static constexpr bool kIsPrimary = true;
+    FakeHwcDisplayInjector(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID, hal::DisplayType::PHYSICAL, kIsPrimary)
+            .setPowerMode(hal::PowerMode::ON)
+            .inject(&mFlinger, mComposer);
+    auto compostionEngineDisplayArgs =
+            compositionengine::DisplayCreationArgsBuilder()
+                    .setId(DEFAULT_DISPLAY_ID)
+                    .setPixels({DEFAULT_DISPLAY_WIDTH, DEFAULT_DISPLAY_HEIGHT})
+                    .setPowerAdvisor(mPowerAdvisor)
+                    .setName("injected display")
+                    .build();
+    auto compositionDisplay =
+            compositionengine::impl::createDisplay(mFlinger.getCompositionEngine(),
+                                                   std::move(compostionEngineDisplayArgs));
+    mDisplay =
+            FakeDisplayDeviceInjector(mFlinger, compositionDisplay,
+                                      ui::DisplayConnectionType::Internal, HWC_DISPLAY, kIsPrimary)
+                    .setDisplaySurface(mDisplaySurface)
+                    .setNativeWindow(mNativeWindow)
+                    .setPowerMode(hal::PowerMode::ON)
+                    .setRefreshRateSelector(mFlinger.scheduler()->refreshRateSelector())
+                    .skipRegisterDisplay()
+                    .inject();
+}
+
+// TODO (b/277364366): Clients should be updated to pass in the display they want.
+TEST_F(SurfaceFlingerGetDisplayStatsTest, nullptrSucceeds) {
+    DisplayStatInfo info;
+    status_t status = mFlinger.getDisplayStats(nullptr, &info);
+    EXPECT_EQ(status, NO_ERROR);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SurfaceFlingerGetDisplayStatsTest, explicitToken) {
+    DisplayStatInfo info;
+    status_t status = mFlinger.getDisplayStats(mDisplay->getDisplayToken().promote(), &info);
+    EXPECT_EQ(status, NO_ERROR);
+}
+
+TEST_F(SurfaceFlingerGetDisplayStatsTest, invalidToken) {
+    const String8 displayName("fakeDisplay");
+    sp<IBinder> displayToken = mFlinger.createDisplay(displayName, false);
+    DisplayStatInfo info;
+    status_t status = mFlinger.getDisplayStats(displayToken, &info);
+    EXPECT_EQ(status, NAME_NOT_FOUND);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+} // namespace android
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
index cfa366f..a189c00 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/TestableSurfaceFlinger.h
@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@
 #include "mock/system/window/MockNativeWindow.h"
 
 namespace android {
+
+struct DisplayStatInfo;
+
 namespace renderengine {
 
 class RenderEngine;
@@ -545,6 +548,10 @@
         return sp<DisplayDevice>::make(creationArgs);
     }
 
+    status_t getDisplayStats(const sp<IBinder>& displayToken, DisplayStatInfo* outInfo) {
+        return mFlinger->getDisplayStats(displayToken, outInfo);
+    }
+
     /* ------------------------------------------------------------------------
      * Read-only access to private data to assert post-conditions.
      */
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest.cpp b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69b3861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#undef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG "LibSurfaceFlingerUnittests"
+
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "Scheduler/VSyncDispatch.h"
+#include "mock/MockVSyncDispatch.h"
+
+using namespace testing;
+
+namespace android::scheduler {
+
+class VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest : public Test {
+protected:
+    VSyncDispatch::Callback mCallback = [](nsecs_t, nsecs_t, nsecs_t) {};
+
+    std::shared_ptr<mock::VSyncDispatch> mVsyncDispatch = std::make_shared<mock::VSyncDispatch>();
+    VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken mCallbackToken{7};
+    std::string mCallbackName = "callback";
+
+    std::shared_ptr<mock::VSyncDispatch> mVsyncDispatch2 = std::make_shared<mock::VSyncDispatch>();
+    VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken mCallbackToken2{42};
+    std::string mCallbackName2 = "callback2";
+
+    void assertDispatch(const VSyncCallbackRegistration& registration,
+                        std::shared_ptr<VSyncDispatch> dispatch) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(registration.mDispatch, dispatch);
+    }
+
+    void assertToken(const VSyncCallbackRegistration& registration,
+                     const std::optional<VSyncDispatch::CallbackToken>& token) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(registration.mToken, token);
+    }
+};
+
+TEST_F(VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest, unregistersCallbackOnDestruction) {
+    // TODO (b/279581095): With ftl::Function, `_` can be replaced with
+    // `mCallback`, here and in other calls to `registerCallback, since the
+    // ftl version has an operator==, unlike std::function.
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, mCallbackName))
+            .WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken)).Times(1);
+
+    VSyncCallbackRegistration registration(mVsyncDispatch, mCallback, mCallbackName);
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertDispatch(registration, mVsyncDispatch));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertToken(registration, mCallbackToken));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest, unregistersCallbackOnPointerMove) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, mCallbackName))
+                .WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch2, registerCallback(_, mCallbackName2))
+                .WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken2));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch2, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken2)).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken)).Times(1);
+    }
+
+    auto registration =
+            std::make_unique<VSyncCallbackRegistration>(mVsyncDispatch, mCallback, mCallbackName);
+
+    auto registration2 =
+            std::make_unique<VSyncCallbackRegistration>(mVsyncDispatch2, mCallback, mCallbackName2);
+
+    registration2 = std::move(registration);
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertDispatch(*registration2.get(), mVsyncDispatch));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertToken(*registration2.get(), mCallbackToken));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest, unregistersCallbackOnMoveOperator) {
+    {
+        InSequence seq;
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, mCallbackName))
+                .WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch2, registerCallback(_, mCallbackName2))
+                .WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken2));
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch2, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken2)).Times(1);
+        EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken)).Times(1);
+    }
+
+    VSyncCallbackRegistration registration(mVsyncDispatch, mCallback, mCallbackName);
+
+    VSyncCallbackRegistration registration2(mVsyncDispatch2, mCallback, mCallbackName2);
+
+    registration2 = std::move(registration);
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertDispatch(registration, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertToken(registration, std::nullopt));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertDispatch(registration2, mVsyncDispatch));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertToken(registration2, mCallbackToken));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest, moveConstructor) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, mCallbackName))
+            .WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken)).Times(1);
+
+    VSyncCallbackRegistration registration(mVsyncDispatch, mCallback, mCallbackName);
+    VSyncCallbackRegistration registration2(std::move(registration));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertDispatch(registration, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertToken(registration, std::nullopt));
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertDispatch(registration2, mVsyncDispatch));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertToken(registration2, mCallbackToken));
+}
+
+TEST_F(VSyncCallbackRegistrationTest, moveOperatorEqualsSelf) {
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, registerCallback(_, mCallbackName))
+            .WillOnce(Return(mCallbackToken));
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mVsyncDispatch, unregisterCallback(mCallbackToken)).Times(1);
+
+    VSyncCallbackRegistration registration(mVsyncDispatch, mCallback, mCallbackName);
+
+    // Use a reference so the compiler doesn't realize that registration is
+    // being moved to itself.
+    VSyncCallbackRegistration& registrationRef = registration;
+    registration = std::move(registrationRef);
+
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertDispatch(registration, mVsyncDispatch));
+    ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(assertToken(registration, mCallbackToken));
+}
+
+} // namespace android::scheduler
diff --git a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockLayer.h b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockLayer.h
index 0d94f4c..50e07fc 100644
--- a/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockLayer.h
+++ b/services/surfaceflinger/tests/unittests/mock/MockLayer.h
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getType, const char*());
     MOCK_METHOD0(getFrameSelectionPriority, int32_t());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(isVisible, bool());
-    MOCK_METHOD0(createClone, sp<Layer>());
+    MOCK_METHOD1(createClone, sp<Layer>(uint32_t));
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getFrameRateForLayerTree, FrameRate());
     MOCK_CONST_METHOD0(getDefaultFrameRateCompatibility,
                        scheduler::LayerInfo::FrameRateCompatibility());