vulkan/libvulkan/layers_extensions.cpp - android_frameworks_native - Gitiles

 /*
  * Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */

 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS

 #include "layers_extensions.h"

 #include <alloca.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/prctl.h>

 #include <mutex>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>

 #include <android/dlext.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <nativebridge/native_bridge.h>
 #include <nativeloader/native_loader.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 #include <ziparchive/zip_archive.h>

 // TODO(jessehall): The whole way we deal with extensions is pretty hokey, and
 // not a good long-term solution. Having a hard-coded enum of extensions is
 // bad, of course. Representing sets of extensions (requested, supported, etc.)
 // as a bitset isn't necessarily bad, if the mapping from extension to bit were
 // dynamic. Need to rethink this completely when there's a little more time.

 // TODO(jessehall): This file currently builds up global data structures as it
 // loads, and never cleans them up. This means we're doing heap allocations
 // without going through an app-provided allocator, but worse, we'll leak those
 // allocations if the loader is unloaded.
 //
 // We should allocate "enough" BSS space, and suballocate from there. Will
 // probably want to intern strings, etc., and will need some custom/manual data
 // structures.

 namespace vulkan {
 namespace api {

 struct Layer {
     VkLayerProperties properties;
     size_t library_idx;

     // true if the layer intercepts vkCreateDevice and device commands
     bool is_global;

     std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> instance_extensions;
     std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> device_extensions;
 };

 namespace {

 const char kSystemLayerLibraryDir[] = "/data/local/debug/vulkan";

 class LayerLibrary {
    public:
     explicit LayerLibrary(const std::string& path,
                           const std::string& filename)
         : path_(path),
           filename_(filename),
           dlhandle_(nullptr),
           native_bridge_(false),
           refcount_(0) {}

     LayerLibrary(LayerLibrary&& other) noexcept
         : path_(std::move(other.path_)),
           filename_(std::move(other.filename_)),
           dlhandle_(other.dlhandle_),
           native_bridge_(other.native_bridge_),
           refcount_(other.refcount_) {
         other.dlhandle_ = nullptr;
         other.refcount_ = 0;
     }

     LayerLibrary(const LayerLibrary&) = delete;
     LayerLibrary& operator=(const LayerLibrary&) = delete;

     // these are thread-safe
     bool Open();
     void Close();

     bool EnumerateLayers(size_t library_idx,
                          std::vector<Layer>& instance_layers) const;

     void* GetGPA(const Layer& layer,
                  const char* gpa_name,
                  size_t gpa_name_len) const;

     const std::string GetFilename() { return filename_; }

    private:
     // TODO(b/79940628): remove that adapter when we could use NativeBridgeGetTrampoline
     // for native libraries.
     template<typename Func = void*>
     Func GetTrampoline(const char* name) const {
         if (native_bridge_) {
             return reinterpret_cast<Func>(android::NativeBridgeGetTrampoline(
                 dlhandle_, name, nullptr, 0));
         }
         return reinterpret_cast<Func>(dlsym(dlhandle_, name));
     }

     const std::string path_;

     // Track the filename alone so we can detect duplicates
     const std::string filename_;

     std::mutex mutex_;
     void* dlhandle_;
     bool native_bridge_;
     size_t refcount_;
 };

 bool LayerLibrary::Open() {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
     if (refcount_++ == 0) {
         ALOGV("opening layer library '%s'", path_.c_str());
         // Libraries in the system layer library dir can't be loaded into
         // the application namespace. That causes compatibility problems, since
         // any symbol dependencies will be resolved by system libraries. They
         // can't safely use libc++_shared, for example. Which is one reason
         // (among several) we only allow them in non-user builds.
         auto app_namespace = android::GraphicsEnv::getInstance().getAppNamespace();
         if (app_namespace &&
             !android::base::StartsWith(path_, kSystemLayerLibraryDir)) {
             char* error_msg = nullptr;
             dlhandle_ = OpenNativeLibraryInNamespace(
                 app_namespace, path_.c_str(), &native_bridge_, &error_msg);
             if (!dlhandle_) {
                 ALOGE("failed to load layer library '%s': %s", path_.c_str(), error_msg);
                 android::NativeLoaderFreeErrorMessage(error_msg);
                 refcount_ = 0;
                 return false;
             }
         } else {
           dlhandle_ = dlopen(path_.c_str(), RTLD_NOW | RTLD_LOCAL);
             if (!dlhandle_) {
                 ALOGE("failed to load layer library '%s': %s", path_.c_str(),
                       dlerror());
                 refcount_ = 0;
                 return false;
             }
         }
     }
     return true;
 }

 void LayerLibrary::Close() {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
     if (--refcount_ == 0) {
         ALOGV("closing layer library '%s'", path_.c_str());
         char* error_msg = nullptr;
         if (!android::CloseNativeLibrary(dlhandle_, native_bridge_, &error_msg)) {
             ALOGE("failed to unload library '%s': %s", path_.c_str(), error_msg);
             android::NativeLoaderFreeErrorMessage(error_msg);
             refcount_++;
         } else {
            dlhandle_ = nullptr;
         }
     }
 }

 bool LayerLibrary::EnumerateLayers(size_t library_idx,
                                    std::vector<Layer>& instance_layers) const {
     PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties enumerate_instance_layers =
         GetTrampoline<PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties>(
             "vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties");
     PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties enumerate_instance_extensions =
         GetTrampoline<PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties>(
             "vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties");
     if (!enumerate_instance_layers || !enumerate_instance_extensions) {
         ALOGE("layer library '%s' missing some instance enumeration functions",
               path_.c_str());
         return false;
     }

     // device functions are optional
     PFN_vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties enumerate_device_layers =
         GetTrampoline<PFN_vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties>(
             "vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties");
     PFN_vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties enumerate_device_extensions =
         GetTrampoline<PFN_vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties>(
             "vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties");

     // get layer counts
     uint32_t num_instance_layers = 0;
     uint32_t num_device_layers = 0;
     VkResult result = enumerate_instance_layers(&num_instance_layers, nullptr);
     if (result != VK_SUCCESS || !num_instance_layers) {
         if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
             ALOGE(
                 "vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties failed for library '%s': "
                 "%d",
                 path_.c_str(), result);
         }
         return false;
     }
     if (enumerate_device_layers) {
         result = enumerate_device_layers(VK_NULL_HANDLE, &num_device_layers,
                                          nullptr);
         if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
             ALOGE(
                 "vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties failed for library '%s': %d",
                 path_.c_str(), result);
             return false;
         }
     }

     // get layer properties
     VkLayerProperties* properties = static_cast<VkLayerProperties*>(alloca(
         (num_instance_layers + num_device_layers) * sizeof(VkLayerProperties)));
     result = enumerate_instance_layers(&num_instance_layers, properties);
     if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
         ALOGE("vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties failed for library '%s': %d",
               path_.c_str(), result);
         return false;
     }
     if (num_device_layers > 0) {
         result = enumerate_device_layers(VK_NULL_HANDLE, &num_device_layers,
                                          properties + num_instance_layers);
         if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
             ALOGE(
                 "vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties failed for library '%s': %d",
                 path_.c_str(), result);
             return false;
         }
     }

     // append layers to instance_layers
     size_t prev_num_instance_layers = instance_layers.size();
     instance_layers.reserve(prev_num_instance_layers + num_instance_layers);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < num_instance_layers; i++) {
         const VkLayerProperties& props = properties[i];

         Layer layer;
         layer.properties = props;
         layer.library_idx = library_idx;
         layer.is_global = false;

         uint32_t count = 0;
         result =
             enumerate_instance_extensions(props.layerName, &count, nullptr);
         if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
             ALOGE(
                 "vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(\"%s\") failed for "
                 "library '%s': %d",
                 props.layerName, path_.c_str(), result);
             instance_layers.resize(prev_num_instance_layers);
             return false;
         }
         layer.instance_extensions.resize(count);
         result = enumerate_instance_extensions(
             props.layerName, &count, layer.instance_extensions.data());
         if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
             ALOGE(
                 "vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(\"%s\") failed for "
                 "library '%s': %d",
                 props.layerName, path_.c_str(), result);
             instance_layers.resize(prev_num_instance_layers);
             return false;
         }

         for (size_t j = 0; j < num_device_layers; j++) {
             const auto& dev_props = properties[num_instance_layers + j];
             if (memcmp(&props, &dev_props, sizeof(props)) == 0) {
                 layer.is_global = true;
                 break;
             }
         }

         if (layer.is_global && enumerate_device_extensions) {
             result = enumerate_device_extensions(
                 VK_NULL_HANDLE, props.layerName, &count, nullptr);
             if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
                 ALOGE(
                     "vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(\"%s\") failed for "
                     "library '%s': %d",
                     props.layerName, path_.c_str(), result);
                 instance_layers.resize(prev_num_instance_layers);
                 return false;
             }
             layer.device_extensions.resize(count);
             result = enumerate_device_extensions(
                 VK_NULL_HANDLE, props.layerName, &count,
                 layer.device_extensions.data());
             if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
                 ALOGE(
                     "vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(\"%s\") failed for "
                     "library '%s': %d",
                     props.layerName, path_.c_str(), result);
                 instance_layers.resize(prev_num_instance_layers);
                 return false;
             }
         }

         instance_layers.push_back(layer);
         ALOGD("added %s layer '%s' from library '%s'",
               (layer.is_global) ? "global" : "instance", props.layerName,
               path_.c_str());
     }

     return true;
 }

 void* LayerLibrary::GetGPA(const Layer& layer,
                            const char* gpa_name,
                            size_t gpa_name_len) const {
     void* gpa;
     size_t layer_name_len =
         std::max(size_t{2}, strlen(layer.properties.layerName));
     char* name = static_cast<char*>(alloca(layer_name_len + gpa_name_len + 1));
     strcpy(name, layer.properties.layerName);
     strcpy(name + layer_name_len, gpa_name);
     if (!(gpa = GetTrampoline(name))) {
         strcpy(name, "vk");
         strcpy(name + 2, gpa_name);
         gpa = GetTrampoline(name);
     }
     return gpa;
 }

 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 std::vector<LayerLibrary> g_layer_libraries;
 std::vector<Layer> g_instance_layers;

 void AddLayerLibrary(const std::string& path, const std::string& filename) {
     LayerLibrary library(path + "/" + filename, filename);
     if (!library.Open())
         return;

     if (!library.EnumerateLayers(g_layer_libraries.size(), g_instance_layers)) {
         library.Close();
         return;
     }

     library.Close();

     g_layer_libraries.emplace_back(std::move(library));
 }

 template <typename Functor>
 void ForEachFileInDir(const std::string& dirname, Functor functor) {
     auto dir_deleter = [](DIR* handle) { closedir(handle); };
     std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(dir_deleter)> dir(opendir(dirname.c_str()),
                                                     dir_deleter);
     if (!dir) {
         // It's normal for some search directories to not exist, especially
         // /data/local/debug/vulkan.
         int err = errno;
         ALOGW_IF(err != ENOENT, "failed to open layer directory '%s': %s",
                  dirname.c_str(), strerror(err));
         return;
     }
     ALOGD("searching for layers in '%s'", dirname.c_str());
     dirent* entry;
     while ((entry = readdir(dir.get())) != nullptr)
         functor(entry->d_name);
 }

 template <typename Functor>
 void ForEachFileInZip(const std::string& zipname,
                       const std::string& dir_in_zip,
                       Functor functor) {
     int32_t err;
     ZipArchiveHandle zip = nullptr;
     if ((err = OpenArchive(zipname.c_str(), &zip)) != 0) {
         ALOGE("failed to open apk '%s': %d", zipname.c_str(), err);
         return;
     }
     std::string prefix(dir_in_zip + "/");
     const ZipString prefix_str(prefix.c_str());
     void* iter_cookie = nullptr;
     if ((err = StartIteration(zip, &iter_cookie, &prefix_str, nullptr)) != 0) {
         ALOGE("failed to iterate entries in apk '%s': %d", zipname.c_str(),
               err);
         CloseArchive(zip);
         return;
     }
     ALOGD("searching for layers in '%s!/%s'", zipname.c_str(),
           dir_in_zip.c_str());
     ZipEntry entry;
     ZipString name;
     while (Next(iter_cookie, &entry, &name) == 0) {
         std::string filename(
             reinterpret_cast<const char*>(name.name) + prefix.length(),
             name.name_length - prefix.length());
         // only enumerate direct entries of the directory, not subdirectories
         if (filename.find('/') != filename.npos)
             continue;
         // Check whether it *may* be possible to load the library directly from
         // the APK. Loading still may fail for other reasons, but this at least
         // lets us avoid failed-to-load log messages in the typical case of
         // compressed and/or unaligned libraries.
         if (entry.method != kCompressStored || entry.offset % PAGE_SIZE != 0)
             continue;
         functor(filename);
     }
     EndIteration(iter_cookie);
     CloseArchive(zip);
 }

 template <typename Functor>
 void ForEachFileInPath(const std::string& path, Functor functor) {
     size_t zip_pos = path.find("!/");
     if (zip_pos == std::string::npos) {
         ForEachFileInDir(path, functor);
     } else {
         ForEachFileInZip(path.substr(0, zip_pos), path.substr(zip_pos + 2),
                          functor);
     }
 }

 void DiscoverLayersInPathList(const std::string& pathstr) {
     ATRACE_CALL();

     std::vector<std::string> paths = android::base::Split(pathstr, ":");
     for (const auto& path : paths) {
         ForEachFileInPath(path, [&](const std::string& filename) {
             if (android::base::StartsWith(filename, "libVkLayer") &&
                 android::base::EndsWith(filename, ".so")) {

                 // Check to ensure we haven't seen this layer already
                 // Let the first instance of the shared object be enumerated
                 // We're searching for layers in following order:
                 // 1. system path
                 // 2. libraryPermittedPath (if enabled)
                 // 3. libraryPath

                 bool duplicate = false;
                 for (auto& layer : g_layer_libraries) {
                     if (layer.GetFilename() == filename) {
                         ALOGV("Skipping duplicate layer %s in %s",
                               filename.c_str(), path.c_str());
                         duplicate = true;
                     }
                 }

                 if (!duplicate)
                     AddLayerLibrary(path, filename);
             }
         });
     }
 }

 const VkExtensionProperties* FindExtension(
     const std::vector<VkExtensionProperties>& extensions,
     const char* name) {
     auto it = std::find_if(extensions.cbegin(), extensions.cend(),
                            [=](const VkExtensionProperties& ext) {
                                return (strcmp(ext.extensionName, name) == 0);
                            });
     return (it != extensions.cend()) ? &*it : nullptr;
 }

 void* GetLayerGetProcAddr(const Layer& layer,
                           const char* gpa_name,
                           size_t gpa_name_len) {
     const LayerLibrary& library = g_layer_libraries[layer.library_idx];
     return library.GetGPA(layer, gpa_name, gpa_name_len);
 }

 }  // anonymous namespace

 void DiscoverLayers() {
     ATRACE_CALL();

     if (property_get_bool("ro.debuggable", false) &&
         prctl(PR_GET_DUMPABLE, 0, 0, 0, 0)) {
         DiscoverLayersInPathList(kSystemLayerLibraryDir);
     }
     if (!android::GraphicsEnv::getInstance().getLayerPaths().empty())
         DiscoverLayersInPathList(android::GraphicsEnv::getInstance().getLayerPaths());
 }

 uint32_t GetLayerCount() {
     return static_cast<uint32_t>(g_instance_layers.size());
 }

 const Layer& GetLayer(uint32_t index) {
     return g_instance_layers[index];
 }

 const Layer* FindLayer(const char* name) {
     auto layer =
         std::find_if(g_instance_layers.cbegin(), g_instance_layers.cend(),
                      [=](const Layer& entry) {
                          return strcmp(entry.properties.layerName, name) == 0;
                      });
     return (layer != g_instance_layers.cend()) ? &*layer : nullptr;
 }

 const VkLayerProperties& GetLayerProperties(const Layer& layer) {
     return layer.properties;
 }

 bool IsLayerGlobal(const Layer& layer) {
     return layer.is_global;
 }

 const VkExtensionProperties* GetLayerInstanceExtensions(const Layer& layer,
                                                         uint32_t& count) {
     count = static_cast<uint32_t>(layer.instance_extensions.size());
     return layer.instance_extensions.data();
 }

 const VkExtensionProperties* GetLayerDeviceExtensions(const Layer& layer,
                                                       uint32_t& count) {
     count = static_cast<uint32_t>(layer.device_extensions.size());
     return layer.device_extensions.data();
 }

 const VkExtensionProperties* FindLayerInstanceExtension(const Layer& layer,
                                                         const char* name) {
     return FindExtension(layer.instance_extensions, name);
 }

 const VkExtensionProperties* FindLayerDeviceExtension(const Layer& layer,
                                                       const char* name) {
     return FindExtension(layer.device_extensions, name);
 }

 LayerRef GetLayerRef(const Layer& layer) {
     LayerLibrary& library = g_layer_libraries[layer.library_idx];
     return LayerRef((library.Open()) ? &layer : nullptr);
 }

 LayerRef::LayerRef(const Layer* layer) : layer_(layer) {}

 LayerRef::~LayerRef() {
     if (layer_) {
         LayerLibrary& library = g_layer_libraries[layer_->library_idx];
         library.Close();
     }
 }

 LayerRef::LayerRef(LayerRef&& other) noexcept : layer_(other.layer_) {
     other.layer_ = nullptr;
 }

 PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr LayerRef::GetGetInstanceProcAddr() const {
     return layer_ ? reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr>(
                         GetLayerGetProcAddr(*layer_, "GetInstanceProcAddr", 19))
                   : nullptr;
 }

 PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr LayerRef::GetGetDeviceProcAddr() const {
     return layer_ ? reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr>(
                         GetLayerGetProcAddr(*layer_, "GetDeviceProcAddr", 17))
                   : nullptr;
 }

 }  // namespace api
 }  // namespace vulkan
	/*
	* Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
	*
	* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	* You may obtain a copy of the License at
	*
	* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	*
	* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	* limitations under the License.
	*/

	#define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_GRAPHICS

	#include "layers_extensions.h"

	#include <alloca.h>
	#include <dirent.h>
	#include <dlfcn.h>
	#include <string.h>
	#include <sys/prctl.h>

	#include <mutex>
	#include <string>
	#include <vector>

	#include <android/dlext.h>
	#include <android-base/strings.h>
	#include <cutils/properties.h>
	#include <graphicsenv/GraphicsEnv.h>
	#include <log/log.h>
	#include <nativebridge/native_bridge.h>
	#include <nativeloader/native_loader.h>
	#include <utils/Trace.h>
	#include <ziparchive/zip_archive.h>

	// TODO(jessehall): The whole way we deal with extensions is pretty hokey, and
	// not a good long-term solution. Having a hard-coded enum of extensions is
	// bad, of course. Representing sets of extensions (requested, supported, etc.)
	// as a bitset isn't necessarily bad, if the mapping from extension to bit were
	// dynamic. Need to rethink this completely when there's a little more time.

	// TODO(jessehall): This file currently builds up global data structures as it
	// loads, and never cleans them up. This means we're doing heap allocations
	// without going through an app-provided allocator, but worse, we'll leak those
	// allocations if the loader is unloaded.
	//
	// We should allocate "enough" BSS space, and suballocate from there. Will
	// probably want to intern strings, etc., and will need some custom/manual data
	// structures.

	namespace vulkan {
	namespace api {

	struct Layer {
	VkLayerProperties properties;
	size_t library_idx;

	// true if the layer intercepts vkCreateDevice and device commands
	bool is_global;

	std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> instance_extensions;
	std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> device_extensions;
	};

	namespace {

	const char kSystemLayerLibraryDir[] = "/data/local/debug/vulkan";

	class LayerLibrary {
	public:
	explicit LayerLibrary(const std::string& path,
	const std::string& filename)
	: path_(path),
	filename_(filename),
	dlhandle_(nullptr),
	native_bridge_(false),
	refcount_(0) {}

	LayerLibrary(LayerLibrary&& other) noexcept
	: path_(std::move(other.path_)),
	filename_(std::move(other.filename_)),
	dlhandle_(other.dlhandle_),
	native_bridge_(other.native_bridge_),
	refcount_(other.refcount_) {
	other.dlhandle_ = nullptr;
	other.refcount_ = 0;
	}

	LayerLibrary(const LayerLibrary&) = delete;
	LayerLibrary& operator=(const LayerLibrary&) = delete;

	// these are thread-safe
	bool Open();
	void Close();

	bool EnumerateLayers(size_t library_idx,
	std::vector<Layer>& instance_layers) const;

	void* GetGPA(const Layer& layer,
	const char* gpa_name,
	size_t gpa_name_len) const;

	const std::string GetFilename() { return filename_; }

	private:
	// TODO(b/79940628): remove that adapter when we could use NativeBridgeGetTrampoline
	// for native libraries.
	template<typename Func = void*>
	Func GetTrampoline(const char* name) const {
	if (native_bridge_) {
	return reinterpret_cast<Func>(android::NativeBridgeGetTrampoline(
	dlhandle_, name, nullptr, 0));
	}
	return reinterpret_cast<Func>(dlsym(dlhandle_, name));
	}

	const std::string path_;

	// Track the filename alone so we can detect duplicates
	const std::string filename_;

	std::mutex mutex_;
	void* dlhandle_;
	bool native_bridge_;
	size_t refcount_;
	};

	bool LayerLibrary::Open() {
	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
	if (refcount_++ == 0) {
	ALOGV("opening layer library '%s'", path_.c_str());
	// Libraries in the system layer library dir can't be loaded into
	// the application namespace. That causes compatibility problems, since
	// any symbol dependencies will be resolved by system libraries. They
	// can't safely use libc++_shared, for example. Which is one reason
	// (among several) we only allow them in non-user builds.
	auto app_namespace = android::GraphicsEnv::getInstance().getAppNamespace();
	if (app_namespace &&
	!android::base::StartsWith(path_, kSystemLayerLibraryDir)) {
	char* error_msg = nullptr;
	dlhandle_ = OpenNativeLibraryInNamespace(
	app_namespace, path_.c_str(), &native_bridge_, &error_msg);
	if (!dlhandle_) {
	ALOGE("failed to load layer library '%s': %s", path_.c_str(), error_msg);
	android::NativeLoaderFreeErrorMessage(error_msg);
	refcount_ = 0;
	return false;
	}
	} else {
	dlhandle_ = dlopen(path_.c_str(), RTLD_NOW \| RTLD_LOCAL);
	if (!dlhandle_) {
	ALOGE("failed to load layer library '%s': %s", path_.c_str(),
	dlerror());
	refcount_ = 0;
	return false;
	}
	}
	}
	return true;
	}

	void LayerLibrary::Close() {
	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
	if (--refcount_ == 0) {
	ALOGV("closing layer library '%s'", path_.c_str());
	char* error_msg = nullptr;
	if (!android::CloseNativeLibrary(dlhandle_, native_bridge_, &error_msg)) {
	ALOGE("failed to unload library '%s': %s", path_.c_str(), error_msg);
	android::NativeLoaderFreeErrorMessage(error_msg);
	refcount_++;
	} else {
	dlhandle_ = nullptr;
	}
	}
	}

	bool LayerLibrary::EnumerateLayers(size_t library_idx,
	std::vector<Layer>& instance_layers) const {
	PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties enumerate_instance_layers =
	GetTrampoline<PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties>(
	"vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties");
	PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties enumerate_instance_extensions =
	GetTrampoline<PFN_vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties>(
	"vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties");
	if (!enumerate_instance_layers \|\| !enumerate_instance_extensions) {
	ALOGE("layer library '%s' missing some instance enumeration functions",
	path_.c_str());
	return false;
	}

	// device functions are optional
	PFN_vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties enumerate_device_layers =
	GetTrampoline<PFN_vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties>(
	"vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties");
	PFN_vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties enumerate_device_extensions =
	GetTrampoline<PFN_vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties>(
	"vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties");

	// get layer counts
	uint32_t num_instance_layers = 0;
	uint32_t num_device_layers = 0;
	VkResult result = enumerate_instance_layers(&num_instance_layers, nullptr);
	if (result != VK_SUCCESS \|\| !num_instance_layers) {
	if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
	ALOGE(
	"vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties failed for library '%s': "
	"%d",
	path_.c_str(), result);
	}
	return false;
	}
	if (enumerate_device_layers) {
	result = enumerate_device_layers(VK_NULL_HANDLE, &num_device_layers,
	nullptr);
	if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
	ALOGE(
	"vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties failed for library '%s': %d",
	path_.c_str(), result);
	return false;
	}
	}

	// get layer properties
	VkLayerProperties* properties = static_cast<VkLayerProperties*>(alloca(
	(num_instance_layers + num_device_layers) * sizeof(VkLayerProperties)));
	result = enumerate_instance_layers(&num_instance_layers, properties);
	if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
	ALOGE("vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties failed for library '%s': %d",
	path_.c_str(), result);
	return false;
	}
	if (num_device_layers > 0) {
	result = enumerate_device_layers(VK_NULL_HANDLE, &num_device_layers,
	properties + num_instance_layers);
	if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
	ALOGE(
	"vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties failed for library '%s': %d",
	path_.c_str(), result);
	return false;
	}
	}

	// append layers to instance_layers
	size_t prev_num_instance_layers = instance_layers.size();
	instance_layers.reserve(prev_num_instance_layers + num_instance_layers);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < num_instance_layers; i++) {
	const VkLayerProperties& props = properties[i];

	Layer layer;
	layer.properties = props;
	layer.library_idx = library_idx;
	layer.is_global = false;

	uint32_t count = 0;
	result =
	enumerate_instance_extensions(props.layerName, &count, nullptr);
	if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
	ALOGE(
	"vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(\"%s\") failed for "
	"library '%s': %d",
	props.layerName, path_.c_str(), result);
	instance_layers.resize(prev_num_instance_layers);
	return false;
	}
	layer.instance_extensions.resize(count);
	result = enumerate_instance_extensions(
	props.layerName, &count, layer.instance_extensions.data());
	if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
	ALOGE(
	"vkEnumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(\"%s\") failed for "
	"library '%s': %d",
	props.layerName, path_.c_str(), result);
	instance_layers.resize(prev_num_instance_layers);
	return false;
	}

	for (size_t j = 0; j < num_device_layers; j++) {
	const auto& dev_props = properties[num_instance_layers + j];
	if (memcmp(&props, &dev_props, sizeof(props)) == 0) {
	layer.is_global = true;
	break;
	}
	}

	if (layer.is_global && enumerate_device_extensions) {
	result = enumerate_device_extensions(
	VK_NULL_HANDLE, props.layerName, &count, nullptr);
	if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
	ALOGE(
	"vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(\"%s\") failed for "
	"library '%s': %d",
	props.layerName, path_.c_str(), result);
	instance_layers.resize(prev_num_instance_layers);
	return false;
	}
	layer.device_extensions.resize(count);
	result = enumerate_device_extensions(
	VK_NULL_HANDLE, props.layerName, &count,
	layer.device_extensions.data());
	if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
	ALOGE(
	"vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(\"%s\") failed for "
	"library '%s': %d",
	props.layerName, path_.c_str(), result);
	instance_layers.resize(prev_num_instance_layers);
	return false;
	}
	}

	instance_layers.push_back(layer);
	ALOGD("added %s layer '%s' from library '%s'",
	(layer.is_global) ? "global" : "instance", props.layerName,
	path_.c_str());
	}

	return true;
	}

	void* LayerLibrary::GetGPA(const Layer& layer,
	const char* gpa_name,
	size_t gpa_name_len) const {
	void* gpa;
	size_t layer_name_len =
	std::max(size_t{2}, strlen(layer.properties.layerName));
	char* name = static_cast<char*>(alloca(layer_name_len + gpa_name_len + 1));
	strcpy(name, layer.properties.layerName);
	strcpy(name + layer_name_len, gpa_name);
	if (!(gpa = GetTrampoline(name))) {
	strcpy(name, "vk");
	strcpy(name + 2, gpa_name);
	gpa = GetTrampoline(name);
	}
	return gpa;
	}

	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

	std::vector<LayerLibrary> g_layer_libraries;
	std::vector<Layer> g_instance_layers;

	void AddLayerLibrary(const std::string& path, const std::string& filename) {
	LayerLibrary library(path + "/" + filename, filename);
	if (!library.Open())
	return;

	if (!library.EnumerateLayers(g_layer_libraries.size(), g_instance_layers)) {
	library.Close();
	return;
	}

	library.Close();

	g_layer_libraries.emplace_back(std::move(library));
	}

	template <typename Functor>
	void ForEachFileInDir(const std::string& dirname, Functor functor) {
	auto dir_deleter = [](DIR* handle) { closedir(handle); };
	std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(dir_deleter)> dir(opendir(dirname.c_str()),
	dir_deleter);
	if (!dir) {
	// It's normal for some search directories to not exist, especially
	// /data/local/debug/vulkan.
	int err = errno;
	ALOGW_IF(err != ENOENT, "failed to open layer directory '%s': %s",
	dirname.c_str(), strerror(err));
	return;
	}
	ALOGD("searching for layers in '%s'", dirname.c_str());
	dirent* entry;
	while ((entry = readdir(dir.get())) != nullptr)
	functor(entry->d_name);
	}

	template <typename Functor>
	void ForEachFileInZip(const std::string& zipname,
	const std::string& dir_in_zip,
	Functor functor) {
	int32_t err;
	ZipArchiveHandle zip = nullptr;
	if ((err = OpenArchive(zipname.c_str(), &zip)) != 0) {
	ALOGE("failed to open apk '%s': %d", zipname.c_str(), err);
	return;
	}
	std::string prefix(dir_in_zip + "/");
	const ZipString prefix_str(prefix.c_str());
	void* iter_cookie = nullptr;
	if ((err = StartIteration(zip, &iter_cookie, &prefix_str, nullptr)) != 0) {
	ALOGE("failed to iterate entries in apk '%s': %d", zipname.c_str(),
	err);
	CloseArchive(zip);
	return;
	}
	ALOGD("searching for layers in '%s!/%s'", zipname.c_str(),
	dir_in_zip.c_str());
	ZipEntry entry;
	ZipString name;
	while (Next(iter_cookie, &entry, &name) == 0) {
	std::string filename(
	reinterpret_cast<const char*>(name.name) + prefix.length(),
	name.name_length - prefix.length());
	// only enumerate direct entries of the directory, not subdirectories
	if (filename.find('/') != filename.npos)
	continue;
	// Check whether it may be possible to load the library directly from
	// the APK. Loading still may fail for other reasons, but this at least
	// lets us avoid failed-to-load log messages in the typical case of
	// compressed and/or unaligned libraries.
	if (entry.method != kCompressStored \|\| entry.offset % PAGE_SIZE != 0)
	continue;
	functor(filename);
	}
	EndIteration(iter_cookie);
	CloseArchive(zip);
	}

	template <typename Functor>
	void ForEachFileInPath(const std::string& path, Functor functor) {
	size_t zip_pos = path.find("!/");
	if (zip_pos == std::string::npos) {
	ForEachFileInDir(path, functor);
	} else {
	ForEachFileInZip(path.substr(0, zip_pos), path.substr(zip_pos + 2),
	functor);
	}
	}

	void DiscoverLayersInPathList(const std::string& pathstr) {
	ATRACE_CALL();

	std::vector<std::string> paths = android::base::Split(pathstr, ":");
	for (const auto& path : paths) {
	ForEachFileInPath(path, [&](const std::string& filename) {
	if (android::base::StartsWith(filename, "libVkLayer") &&
	android::base::EndsWith(filename, ".so")) {

	// Check to ensure we haven't seen this layer already
	// Let the first instance of the shared object be enumerated
	// We're searching for layers in following order:
	// 1. system path
	// 2. libraryPermittedPath (if enabled)
	// 3. libraryPath

	bool duplicate = false;
	for (auto& layer : g_layer_libraries) {
	if (layer.GetFilename() == filename) {
	ALOGV("Skipping duplicate layer %s in %s",
	filename.c_str(), path.c_str());
	duplicate = true;
	}
	}

	if (!duplicate)
	AddLayerLibrary(path, filename);
	}
	});
	}
	}

	const VkExtensionProperties* FindExtension(
	const std::vector<VkExtensionProperties>& extensions,
	const char* name) {
	auto it = std::find_if(extensions.cbegin(), extensions.cend(),
	[=](const VkExtensionProperties& ext) {
	return (strcmp(ext.extensionName, name) == 0);
	});
	return (it != extensions.cend()) ? &*it : nullptr;
	}

	void* GetLayerGetProcAddr(const Layer& layer,
	const char* gpa_name,
	size_t gpa_name_len) {
	const LayerLibrary& library = g_layer_libraries[layer.library_idx];
	return library.GetGPA(layer, gpa_name, gpa_name_len);
	}

	} // anonymous namespace

	void DiscoverLayers() {
	ATRACE_CALL();

	if (property_get_bool("ro.debuggable", false) &&
	prctl(PR_GET_DUMPABLE, 0, 0, 0, 0)) {
	DiscoverLayersInPathList(kSystemLayerLibraryDir);
	}
	if (!android::GraphicsEnv::getInstance().getLayerPaths().empty())
	DiscoverLayersInPathList(android::GraphicsEnv::getInstance().getLayerPaths());
	}

	uint32_t GetLayerCount() {
	return static_cast<uint32_t>(g_instance_layers.size());
	}

	const Layer& GetLayer(uint32_t index) {
	return g_instance_layers[index];
	}

	const Layer* FindLayer(const char* name) {
	auto layer =
	std::find_if(g_instance_layers.cbegin(), g_instance_layers.cend(),
	[=](const Layer& entry) {
	return strcmp(entry.properties.layerName, name) == 0;
	});
	return (layer != g_instance_layers.cend()) ? &*layer : nullptr;
	}

	const VkLayerProperties& GetLayerProperties(const Layer& layer) {
	return layer.properties;
	}

	bool IsLayerGlobal(const Layer& layer) {
	return layer.is_global;
	}

	const VkExtensionProperties* GetLayerInstanceExtensions(const Layer& layer,
	uint32_t& count) {
	count = static_cast<uint32_t>(layer.instance_extensions.size());
	return layer.instance_extensions.data();
	}

	const VkExtensionProperties* GetLayerDeviceExtensions(const Layer& layer,
	uint32_t& count) {
	count = static_cast<uint32_t>(layer.device_extensions.size());
	return layer.device_extensions.data();
	}

	const VkExtensionProperties* FindLayerInstanceExtension(const Layer& layer,
	const char* name) {
	return FindExtension(layer.instance_extensions, name);
	}

	const VkExtensionProperties* FindLayerDeviceExtension(const Layer& layer,
	const char* name) {
	return FindExtension(layer.device_extensions, name);
	}

	LayerRef GetLayerRef(const Layer& layer) {
	LayerLibrary& library = g_layer_libraries[layer.library_idx];
	return LayerRef((library.Open()) ? &layer : nullptr);
	}

	LayerRef::LayerRef(const Layer* layer) : layer_(layer) {}

	LayerRef::~LayerRef() {
	if (layer_) {
	LayerLibrary& library = g_layer_libraries[layer_->library_idx];
	library.Close();
	}
	}

	LayerRef::LayerRef(LayerRef&& other) noexcept : layer_(other.layer_) {
	other.layer_ = nullptr;
	}

	PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr LayerRef::GetGetInstanceProcAddr() const {
	return layer_ ? reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkGetInstanceProcAddr>(
	GetLayerGetProcAddr(*layer_, "GetInstanceProcAddr", 19))
	: nullptr;
	}

	PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr LayerRef::GetGetDeviceProcAddr() const {
	return layer_ ? reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkGetDeviceProcAddr>(
	GetLayerGetProcAddr(*layer_, "GetDeviceProcAddr", 17))
	: nullptr;
	}

	} // namespace api
	} // namespace vulkan