services/incremental/IncrementalService.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#define LOG_TAG "IncrementalService"

#include "IncrementalService.h"

#include <android-base/logging.h>
#include <android-base/no_destructor.h>
#include <android-base/properties.h>
#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
#include <binder/AppOpsManager.h>
#include <binder/Status.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <uuid/uuid.h>

#include <charconv>
#include <ctime>
#include <iterator>
#include <span>
#include <type_traits>

#include "IncrementalServiceValidation.h"
#include "Metadata.pb.h"

using namespace std::literals;

constexpr const char* kLoaderUsageStats = "android.permission.LOADER_USAGE_STATS";
constexpr const char* kOpUsage = "android:loader_usage_stats";

constexpr const char* kInteractAcrossUsers = "android.permission.INTERACT_ACROSS_USERS";

namespace android::incremental {

using content::pm::DataLoaderParamsParcel;
using content::pm::FileSystemControlParcel;
using content::pm::IDataLoader;

namespace {

using IncrementalFileSystemControlParcel = os::incremental::IncrementalFileSystemControlParcel;

struct Constants {
    static constexpr auto backing = "backing_store"sv;
    static constexpr auto mount = "mount"sv;
    static constexpr auto mountKeyPrefix = "MT_"sv;
    static constexpr auto storagePrefix = "st"sv;
    static constexpr auto mountpointMdPrefix = ".mountpoint."sv;
    static constexpr auto infoMdName = ".info"sv;
    static constexpr auto readLogsDisabledMarkerName = ".readlogs_disabled"sv;
    static constexpr auto libDir = "lib"sv;
    static constexpr auto libSuffix = ".so"sv;
    static constexpr auto blockSize = 4096;
    static constexpr auto systemPackage = "android"sv;

    static constexpr auto userStatusDelay = 100ms;

    static constexpr auto progressUpdateInterval = 1000ms;
    static constexpr auto perUidTimeoutOffset = progressUpdateInterval * 2;
    static constexpr auto minPerUidTimeout = progressUpdateInterval * 3;

    // If DL was up and not crashing for 10mins, we consider it healthy and reset all delays.
    static constexpr auto healthyDataLoaderUptime = 10min;

    // For healthy DLs, we'll retry every ~5secs for ~10min
    static constexpr auto bindRetryInterval = 5s;
    static constexpr auto bindGracePeriod = 10min;

    static constexpr auto bindingTimeout = 1min;

    // 10s, 100s (~2min), 1000s (~15min), 10000s (~3hrs)
    static constexpr auto minBindDelay = 10s;
    static constexpr auto maxBindDelay = 10000s;
    static constexpr auto bindDelayMultiplier = 10;
    static constexpr auto bindDelayJitterDivider = 10;

    // Max interval after system invoked the DL when readlog collection can be enabled.
    static constexpr auto readLogsMaxInterval = 2h;
};

static const Constants& constants() {
    static constexpr Constants c;
    return c;
}

static bool isPageAligned(IncFsSize s) {
    return (s & (Constants::blockSize - 1)) == 0;
}

template <base::LogSeverity level = base::ERROR>
bool mkdirOrLog(std::string_view name, int mode = 0770, bool allowExisting = true) {
    auto cstr = path::c_str(name);
    if (::mkdir(cstr, mode)) {
        if (!allowExisting || errno != EEXIST) {
            PLOG(level) << "Can't create directory '" << name << '\'';
            return false;
        }
        struct stat st;
        if (::stat(cstr, &st) || !S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
            PLOG(level) << "Path exists but is not a directory: '" << name << '\'';
            return false;
        }
    }
    if (::chmod(cstr, mode)) {
        PLOG(level) << "Changing permission failed for '" << name << '\'';
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

static std::string toMountKey(std::string_view path) {
    if (path.empty()) {
        return "@none";
    }
    if (path == "/"sv) {
        return "@root";
    }
    if (path::isAbsolute(path)) {
        path.remove_prefix(1);
    }
    if (path.size() > 16) {
        path = path.substr(0, 16);
    }
    std::string res(path);
    std::replace_if(
            res.begin(), res.end(), [](char c) { return c == '/' || c == '@'; }, '_');
    return std::string(constants().mountKeyPrefix) += res;
}

static std::pair<std::string, std::string> makeMountDir(std::string_view incrementalDir,
                                                        std::string_view path) {
    auto mountKey = toMountKey(path);
    const auto prefixSize = mountKey.size();
    for (int counter = 0; counter < 1000;
         mountKey.resize(prefixSize), base::StringAppendF(&mountKey, "%d", counter++)) {
        auto mountRoot = path::join(incrementalDir, mountKey);
        if (mkdirOrLog(mountRoot, 0777, false)) {
            return {mountKey, mountRoot};
        }
    }
    return {};
}

template <class Map>
typename Map::const_iterator findParentPath(const Map& map, std::string_view path) {
    const auto nextIt = map.upper_bound(path);
    if (nextIt == map.begin()) {
        return map.end();
    }
    const auto suspectIt = std::prev(nextIt);
    if (!path::startsWith(path, suspectIt->first)) {
        return map.end();
    }
    return suspectIt;
}

static base::unique_fd dup(base::borrowed_fd fd) {
    const auto res = fcntl(fd.get(), F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC, 0);
    return base::unique_fd(res);
}

template <class ProtoMessage, class Control>
static ProtoMessage parseFromIncfs(const IncFsWrapper* incfs, const Control& control,
                                   std::string_view path) {
    auto md = incfs->getMetadata(control, path);
    ProtoMessage message;
    return message.ParseFromArray(md.data(), md.size()) ? message : ProtoMessage{};
}

static bool isValidMountTarget(std::string_view path) {
    return path::isAbsolute(path) && path::isEmptyDir(path).value_or(true);
}

std::string makeBindMdName() {
    static constexpr auto uuidStringSize = 36;

    uuid_t guid;
    uuid_generate(guid);

    std::string name;
    const auto prefixSize = constants().mountpointMdPrefix.size();
    name.reserve(prefixSize + uuidStringSize);

    name = constants().mountpointMdPrefix;
    name.resize(prefixSize + uuidStringSize);
    uuid_unparse(guid, name.data() + prefixSize);

    return name;
}

static bool checkReadLogsDisabledMarker(std::string_view root) {
    const auto markerPath = path::c_str(path::join(root, constants().readLogsDisabledMarkerName));
    struct stat st;
    return (::stat(markerPath, &st) == 0);
}

} // namespace

IncrementalService::IncFsMount::~IncFsMount() {
    if (dataLoaderStub) {
        dataLoaderStub->cleanupResources();
        dataLoaderStub = {};
    }
    control.close();
    LOG(INFO) << "Unmounting and cleaning up mount " << mountId << " with root '" << root << '\'';
    for (auto&& [target, _] : bindPoints) {
        LOG(INFO) << "  bind: " << target;
        incrementalService.mVold->unmountIncFs(target);
    }
    LOG(INFO) << "  root: " << root;
    incrementalService.mVold->unmountIncFs(path::join(root, constants().mount));
    cleanupFilesystem(root);
}

auto IncrementalService::IncFsMount::makeStorage(StorageId id) -> StorageMap::iterator {
    std::string name;
    for (int no = nextStorageDirNo.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed), i = 0;
         i < 1024 && no >= 0; no = nextStorageDirNo.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed), ++i) {
        name.clear();
        base::StringAppendF(&name, "%.*s_%d_%d", int(constants().storagePrefix.size()),
                            constants().storagePrefix.data(), id, no);
        auto fullName = path::join(root, constants().mount, name);
        if (auto err = incrementalService.mIncFs->makeDir(control, fullName, 0755); !err) {
            std::lock_guard l(lock);
            return storages.insert_or_assign(id, Storage{std::move(fullName)}).first;
        } else if (err != EEXIST) {
            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << "(): failed to create dir |" << fullName << "| " << err;
            break;
        }
    }
    nextStorageDirNo = 0;
    return storages.end();
}

template <class Func>
static auto makeCleanup(Func&& f) requires(!std::is_lvalue_reference_v<Func>) {
    auto deleter = [f = std::move(f)](auto) { f(); };
    // &f is a dangling pointer here, but we actually never use it as deleter moves it in.
    return std::unique_ptr<Func, decltype(deleter)>(&f, std::move(deleter));
}

static auto openDir(const char* dir) {
    struct DirCloser {
        void operator()(DIR* d) const noexcept { ::closedir(d); }
    };
    return std::unique_ptr<DIR, DirCloser>(::opendir(dir));
}

static auto openDir(std::string_view dir) {
    return openDir(path::c_str(dir));
}

static int rmDirContent(const char* path) {
    auto dir = openDir(path);
    if (!dir) {
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    while (auto entry = ::readdir(dir.get())) {
        if (entry->d_name == "."sv || entry->d_name == ".."sv) {
            continue;
        }
        auto fullPath = base::StringPrintf("%s/%s", path, entry->d_name);
        if (entry->d_type == DT_DIR) {
            if (const auto err = rmDirContent(fullPath.c_str()); err != 0) {
                PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to delete " << fullPath << " content";
                return err;
            }
            if (const auto err = ::rmdir(fullPath.c_str()); err != 0) {
                PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to rmdir " << fullPath;
                return err;
            }
        } else {
            if (const auto err = ::unlink(fullPath.c_str()); err != 0) {
                PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to delete " << fullPath;
                return err;
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

void IncrementalService::IncFsMount::cleanupFilesystem(std::string_view root) {
    rmDirContent(path::join(root, constants().backing).c_str());
    ::rmdir(path::join(root, constants().backing).c_str());
    ::rmdir(path::join(root, constants().mount).c_str());
    ::rmdir(path::c_str(root));
}

void IncrementalService::IncFsMount::setReadLogsEnabled(bool value) {
    if (value) {
        flags |= StorageFlags::ReadLogsEnabled;
    } else {
        flags &= ~StorageFlags::ReadLogsEnabled;
    }
}

IncrementalService::IncrementalService(ServiceManagerWrapper&& sm, std::string_view rootDir)
      : mVold(sm.getVoldService()),
        mDataLoaderManager(sm.getDataLoaderManager()),
        mIncFs(sm.getIncFs()),
        mAppOpsManager(sm.getAppOpsManager()),
        mJni(sm.getJni()),
        mLooper(sm.getLooper()),
        mTimedQueue(sm.getTimedQueue()),
        mProgressUpdateJobQueue(sm.getProgressUpdateJobQueue()),
        mFs(sm.getFs()),
        mClock(sm.getClock()),
        mIncrementalDir(rootDir) {
    CHECK(mVold) << "Vold service is unavailable";
    CHECK(mDataLoaderManager) << "DataLoaderManagerService is unavailable";
    CHECK(mAppOpsManager) << "AppOpsManager is unavailable";
    CHECK(mJni) << "JNI is unavailable";
    CHECK(mLooper) << "Looper is unavailable";
    CHECK(mTimedQueue) << "TimedQueue is unavailable";
    CHECK(mProgressUpdateJobQueue) << "mProgressUpdateJobQueue is unavailable";
    CHECK(mFs) << "Fs is unavailable";
    CHECK(mClock) << "Clock is unavailable";

    mJobQueue.reserve(16);
    mJobProcessor = std::thread([this]() {
        mJni->initializeForCurrentThread();
        runJobProcessing();
    });
    mCmdLooperThread = std::thread([this]() {
        mJni->initializeForCurrentThread();
        runCmdLooper();
    });

    const auto mountedRootNames = adoptMountedInstances();
    mountExistingImages(mountedRootNames);
}

IncrementalService::~IncrementalService() {
    {
        std::lock_guard lock(mJobMutex);
        mRunning = false;
    }
    mJobCondition.notify_all();
    mJobProcessor.join();
    mLooper->wake();
    mCmdLooperThread.join();
    mTimedQueue->stop();
    mProgressUpdateJobQueue->stop();
    // Ensure that mounts are destroyed while the service is still valid.
    mBindsByPath.clear();
    mMounts.clear();
}

static const char* toString(IncrementalService::BindKind kind) {
    switch (kind) {
        case IncrementalService::BindKind::Temporary:
            return "Temporary";
        case IncrementalService::BindKind::Permanent:
            return "Permanent";
    }
}

void IncrementalService::onDump(int fd) {
    dprintf(fd, "Incremental is %s\n", incfs::enabled() ? "ENABLED" : "DISABLED");
    dprintf(fd, "Incremental dir: %s\n", mIncrementalDir.c_str());

    std::unique_lock l(mLock);

    dprintf(fd, "Mounts (%d): {\n", int(mMounts.size()));
    for (auto&& [id, ifs] : mMounts) {
        std::unique_lock ll(ifs->lock);
        const IncFsMount& mnt = *ifs;
        dprintf(fd, "  [%d]: {\n", id);
        if (id != mnt.mountId) {
            dprintf(fd, "    reference to mountId: %d\n", mnt.mountId);
        } else {
            dprintf(fd, "    mountId: %d\n", mnt.mountId);
            dprintf(fd, "    root: %s\n", mnt.root.c_str());
            dprintf(fd, "    nextStorageDirNo: %d\n", mnt.nextStorageDirNo.load());
            if (mnt.dataLoaderStub) {
                mnt.dataLoaderStub->onDump(fd);
            } else {
                dprintf(fd, "    dataLoader: null\n");
            }
            dprintf(fd, "    storages (%d): {\n", int(mnt.storages.size()));
            for (auto&& [storageId, storage] : mnt.storages) {
                dprintf(fd, "      [%d] -> [%s] (%d %% loaded) \n", storageId, storage.name.c_str(),
                        (int)(getLoadingProgressFromPath(mnt, storage.name.c_str()).getProgress() *
                              100));
            }
            dprintf(fd, "    }\n");

            dprintf(fd, "    bindPoints (%d): {\n", int(mnt.bindPoints.size()));
            for (auto&& [target, bind] : mnt.bindPoints) {
                dprintf(fd, "      [%s]->[%d]:\n", target.c_str(), bind.storage);
                dprintf(fd, "        savedFilename: %s\n", bind.savedFilename.c_str());
                dprintf(fd, "        sourceDir: %s\n", bind.sourceDir.c_str());
                dprintf(fd, "        kind: %s\n", toString(bind.kind));
            }
            dprintf(fd, "    }\n");
        }
        dprintf(fd, "  }\n");
    }
    dprintf(fd, "}\n");
    dprintf(fd, "Sorted binds (%d): {\n", int(mBindsByPath.size()));
    for (auto&& [target, mountPairIt] : mBindsByPath) {
        const auto& bind = mountPairIt->second;
        dprintf(fd, "    [%s]->[%d]:\n", target.c_str(), bind.storage);
        dprintf(fd, "      savedFilename: %s\n", bind.savedFilename.c_str());
        dprintf(fd, "      sourceDir: %s\n", bind.sourceDir.c_str());
        dprintf(fd, "      kind: %s\n", toString(bind.kind));
    }
    dprintf(fd, "}\n");
}

bool IncrementalService::needStartDataLoaderLocked(IncFsMount& ifs) {
    if (!ifs.dataLoaderStub) {
        return false;
    }
    if (ifs.dataLoaderStub->isSystemDataLoader()) {
        return true;
    }

    return mIncFs->isEverythingFullyLoaded(ifs.control) == incfs::LoadingState::MissingBlocks;
}

void IncrementalService::onSystemReady() {
    if (mSystemReady.exchange(true)) {
        return;
    }

    std::vector<IfsMountPtr> mounts;
    {
        std::lock_guard l(mLock);
        mounts.reserve(mMounts.size());
        for (auto&& [id, ifs] : mMounts) {
            std::unique_lock ll(ifs->lock);

            if (ifs->mountId != id) {
                continue;
            }

            if (needStartDataLoaderLocked(*ifs)) {
                mounts.push_back(ifs);
            }
        }
    }

    if (mounts.empty()) {
        return;
    }

    std::thread([this, mounts = std::move(mounts)]() {
        mJni->initializeForCurrentThread();
        for (auto&& ifs : mounts) {
            std::unique_lock l(ifs->lock);
            if (ifs->dataLoaderStub) {
                ifs->dataLoaderStub->requestStart();
            }
        }
    }).detach();
}

auto IncrementalService::getStorageSlotLocked() -> MountMap::iterator {
    for (;;) {
        if (mNextId == kMaxStorageId) {
            mNextId = 0;
        }
        auto id = ++mNextId;
        auto [it, inserted] = mMounts.try_emplace(id, nullptr);
        if (inserted) {
            return it;
        }
    }
}

StorageId IncrementalService::createStorage(std::string_view mountPoint,
                                            content::pm::DataLoaderParamsParcel dataLoaderParams,
                                            CreateOptions options) {
    LOG(INFO) << "createStorage: " << mountPoint << " | " << int(options);
    if (!path::isAbsolute(mountPoint)) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "path is not absolute: " << mountPoint;
        return kInvalidStorageId;
    }

    auto mountNorm = path::normalize(mountPoint);
    {
        const auto id = findStorageId(mountNorm);
        if (id != kInvalidStorageId) {
            if (options & CreateOptions::OpenExisting) {
                LOG(INFO) << "Opened existing storage " << id;
                return id;
            }
            LOG(ERROR) << "Directory " << mountPoint << " is already mounted at storage " << id;
            return kInvalidStorageId;
        }
    }

    if (!(options & CreateOptions::CreateNew)) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "not requirested create new storage, and it doesn't exist: " << mountPoint;
        return kInvalidStorageId;
    }

    if (!path::isEmptyDir(mountNorm)) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Mounting over existing non-empty directory is not supported: " << mountNorm;
        return kInvalidStorageId;
    }
    auto [mountKey, mountRoot] = makeMountDir(mIncrementalDir, mountNorm);
    if (mountRoot.empty()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Bad mount point";
        return kInvalidStorageId;
    }
    // Make sure the code removes all crap it may create while still failing.
    auto firstCleanup = [](const std::string* ptr) { IncFsMount::cleanupFilesystem(*ptr); };
    auto firstCleanupOnFailure =
            std::unique_ptr<std::string, decltype(firstCleanup)>(&mountRoot, firstCleanup);

    auto mountTarget = path::join(mountRoot, constants().mount);
    const auto backing = path::join(mountRoot, constants().backing);
    if (!mkdirOrLog(backing, 0777) || !mkdirOrLog(mountTarget)) {
        return kInvalidStorageId;
    }

    IncFsMount::Control control;
    {
        std::lock_guard l(mMountOperationLock);
        IncrementalFileSystemControlParcel controlParcel;

        if (auto err = rmDirContent(backing.c_str())) {
            LOG(ERROR) << "Coudn't clean the backing directory " << backing << ": " << err;
            return kInvalidStorageId;
        }
        if (!mkdirOrLog(path::join(backing, ".index"), 0777)) {
            return kInvalidStorageId;
        }
        if (!mkdirOrLog(path::join(backing, ".incomplete"), 0777)) {
            return kInvalidStorageId;
        }
        auto status = mVold->mountIncFs(backing, mountTarget, 0, &controlParcel);
        if (!status.isOk()) {
            LOG(ERROR) << "Vold::mountIncFs() failed: " << status.toString8();
            return kInvalidStorageId;
        }
        if (controlParcel.cmd.get() < 0 || controlParcel.pendingReads.get() < 0 ||
            controlParcel.log.get() < 0) {
            LOG(ERROR) << "Vold::mountIncFs() returned invalid control parcel.";
            return kInvalidStorageId;
        }
        int cmd = controlParcel.cmd.release().release();
        int pendingReads = controlParcel.pendingReads.release().release();
        int logs = controlParcel.log.release().release();
        int blocksWritten =
                controlParcel.blocksWritten ? controlParcel.blocksWritten->release().release() : -1;
        control = mIncFs->createControl(cmd, pendingReads, logs, blocksWritten);
    }

    std::unique_lock l(mLock);
    const auto mountIt = getStorageSlotLocked();
    const auto mountId = mountIt->first;
    l.unlock();

    auto ifs =
            std::make_shared<IncFsMount>(std::move(mountRoot), mountId, std::move(control), *this);
    // Now it's the |ifs|'s responsibility to clean up after itself, and the only cleanup we need
    // is the removal of the |ifs|.
    (void)firstCleanupOnFailure.release();

    auto secondCleanup = [this, &l](auto itPtr) {
        if (!l.owns_lock()) {
            l.lock();
        }
        mMounts.erase(*itPtr);
    };
    auto secondCleanupOnFailure =
            std::unique_ptr<decltype(mountIt), decltype(secondCleanup)>(&mountIt, secondCleanup);

    const auto storageIt = ifs->makeStorage(ifs->mountId);
    if (storageIt == ifs->storages.end()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Can't create a default storage directory";
        return kInvalidStorageId;
    }

    {
        metadata::Mount m;
        m.mutable_storage()->set_id(ifs->mountId);
        m.mutable_loader()->set_type((int)dataLoaderParams.type);
        m.mutable_loader()->set_package_name(std::move(dataLoaderParams.packageName));
        m.mutable_loader()->set_class_name(std::move(dataLoaderParams.className));
        m.mutable_loader()->set_arguments(std::move(dataLoaderParams.arguments));
        const auto metadata = m.SerializeAsString();
        if (auto err =
                    mIncFs->makeFile(ifs->control,
                                     path::join(ifs->root, constants().mount,
                                                constants().infoMdName),
                                     0777, idFromMetadata(metadata),
                                     {.metadata = {metadata.data(), (IncFsSize)metadata.size()}})) {
            LOG(ERROR) << "Saving mount metadata failed: " << -err;
            return kInvalidStorageId;
        }
    }

    const auto bk =
            (options & CreateOptions::PermanentBind) ? BindKind::Permanent : BindKind::Temporary;
    if (auto err = addBindMount(*ifs, storageIt->first, storageIt->second.name,
                                std::string(storageIt->second.name), std::move(mountNorm), bk, l);
        err < 0) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Adding bind mount failed: " << -err;
        return kInvalidStorageId;
    }

    // Done here as well, all data structures are in good state.
    (void)secondCleanupOnFailure.release();

    mountIt->second = std::move(ifs);
    l.unlock();

    LOG(INFO) << "created storage " << mountId;
    return mountId;
}

StorageId IncrementalService::createLinkedStorage(std::string_view mountPoint,
                                                  StorageId linkedStorage,
                                                  IncrementalService::CreateOptions options) {
    if (!isValidMountTarget(mountPoint)) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Mount point is invalid or missing";
        return kInvalidStorageId;
    }

    std::unique_lock l(mLock);
    auto ifs = getIfsLocked(linkedStorage);
    if (!ifs) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Ifs unavailable";
        return kInvalidStorageId;
    }

    const auto mountIt = getStorageSlotLocked();
    const auto storageId = mountIt->first;
    const auto storageIt = ifs->makeStorage(storageId);
    if (storageIt == ifs->storages.end()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Can't create a new storage";
        mMounts.erase(mountIt);
        return kInvalidStorageId;
    }

    l.unlock();

    const auto bk =
            (options & CreateOptions::PermanentBind) ? BindKind::Permanent : BindKind::Temporary;
    if (auto err = addBindMount(*ifs, storageIt->first, storageIt->second.name,
                                std::string(storageIt->second.name), path::normalize(mountPoint),
                                bk, l);
        err < 0) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "bindMount failed with error: " << err;
        (void)mIncFs->unlink(ifs->control, storageIt->second.name);
        ifs->storages.erase(storageIt);
        return kInvalidStorageId;
    }

    mountIt->second = ifs;
    return storageId;
}

bool IncrementalService::startLoading(StorageId storageId,
                                      content::pm::DataLoaderParamsParcel dataLoaderParams,
                                      DataLoaderStatusListener statusListener,
                                      const StorageHealthCheckParams& healthCheckParams,
                                      StorageHealthListener healthListener,
                                      std::vector<PerUidReadTimeouts> perUidReadTimeouts) {
    // Per Uid timeouts.
    if (!perUidReadTimeouts.empty()) {
        setUidReadTimeouts(storageId, std::move(perUidReadTimeouts));
    }

    IfsMountPtr ifs;
    DataLoaderStubPtr dataLoaderStub;

    // Re-initialize DataLoader.
    {
        ifs = getIfs(storageId);
        if (!ifs) {
            return false;
        }

        std::unique_lock l(ifs->lock);
        dataLoaderStub = std::exchange(ifs->dataLoaderStub, nullptr);
    }

    if (dataLoaderStub) {
        dataLoaderStub->cleanupResources();
        dataLoaderStub = {};
    }

    {
        std::unique_lock l(ifs->lock);
        if (ifs->dataLoaderStub) {
            LOG(INFO) << "Skipped data loader stub creation because it already exists";
            return false;
        }
        prepareDataLoaderLocked(*ifs, std::move(dataLoaderParams), std::move(statusListener),
                                healthCheckParams, std::move(healthListener));
        CHECK(ifs->dataLoaderStub);
        dataLoaderStub = ifs->dataLoaderStub;
    }

    if (dataLoaderStub->isSystemDataLoader()) {
        // Readlogs from system dataloader (adb) can always be collected.
        ifs->startLoadingTs = TimePoint::max();
    } else {
        // Assign time when installation wants the DL to start streaming.
        const auto startLoadingTs = mClock->now();
        ifs->startLoadingTs = startLoadingTs;
        // Setup a callback to disable the readlogs after max interval.
        addTimedJob(*mTimedQueue, storageId, Constants::readLogsMaxInterval,
                    [this, storageId, startLoadingTs]() {
                        const auto ifs = getIfs(storageId);
                        if (!ifs) {
                            LOG(WARNING) << "Can't disable the readlogs, invalid storageId: "
                                         << storageId;
                            return;
                        }
                        std::unique_lock l(ifs->lock);
                        if (ifs->startLoadingTs != startLoadingTs) {
                            LOG(INFO) << "Can't disable the readlogs, timestamp mismatch (new "
                                         "installation?): "
                                      << storageId;
                            return;
                        }
                        disableReadLogsLocked(*ifs);
                    });
    }

    return dataLoaderStub->requestStart();
}

IncrementalService::BindPathMap::const_iterator IncrementalService::findStorageLocked(
        std::string_view path) const {
    return findParentPath(mBindsByPath, path);
}

StorageId IncrementalService::findStorageId(std::string_view path) const {
    std::lock_guard l(mLock);
    auto it = findStorageLocked(path);
    if (it == mBindsByPath.end()) {
        return kInvalidStorageId;
    }
    return it->second->second.storage;
}

void IncrementalService::disallowReadLogs(StorageId storageId) {
    const auto ifs = getIfs(storageId);
    if (!ifs) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "disallowReadLogs failed, invalid storageId: " << storageId;
        return;
    }

    std::unique_lock l(ifs->lock);
    if (!ifs->readLogsAllowed()) {
        return;
    }
    ifs->disallowReadLogs();

    const auto metadata = constants().readLogsDisabledMarkerName;
    if (auto err = mIncFs->makeFile(ifs->control,
                                    path::join(ifs->root, constants().mount,
                                               constants().readLogsDisabledMarkerName),
                                    0777, idFromMetadata(metadata), {})) {
        //{.metadata = {metadata.data(), (IncFsSize)metadata.size()}})) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to make marker file for storageId: " << storageId;
        return;
    }

    disableReadLogsLocked(*ifs);
}

int IncrementalService::setStorageParams(StorageId storageId, bool enableReadLogs) {
    const auto ifs = getIfs(storageId);
    if (!ifs) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "setStorageParams failed, invalid storageId: " << storageId;
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    std::unique_lock l(ifs->lock);
    if (!enableReadLogs) {
        return disableReadLogsLocked(*ifs);
    }

    if (!ifs->readLogsAllowed()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "enableReadLogs failed, readlogs disallowed for storageId: " << storageId;
        return -EPERM;
    }

    if (!ifs->dataLoaderStub) {
        // This should never happen - only DL can call enableReadLogs.
        LOG(ERROR) << "enableReadLogs failed: invalid state";
        return -EPERM;
    }

    // Check installation time.
    const auto now = mClock->now();
    const auto startLoadingTs = ifs->startLoadingTs;
    if (startLoadingTs <= now && now - startLoadingTs > Constants::readLogsMaxInterval) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "enableReadLogs failed, readlogs can't be enabled at this time, storageId: "
                   << storageId;
        return -EPERM;
    }

    const auto& packageName = ifs->dataLoaderStub->params().packageName;

    // Check loader usage stats permission and apop.
    if (auto status =
                mAppOpsManager->checkPermission(kLoaderUsageStats, kOpUsage, packageName.c_str());
        !status.isOk()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << " Permission: " << kLoaderUsageStats
                   << " check failed: " << status.toString8();
        return fromBinderStatus(status);
    }

    // Check multiuser permission.
    if (auto status =
                mAppOpsManager->checkPermission(kInteractAcrossUsers, nullptr, packageName.c_str());
        !status.isOk()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << " Permission: " << kInteractAcrossUsers
                   << " check failed: " << status.toString8();
        return fromBinderStatus(status);
    }

    if (auto status = applyStorageParamsLocked(*ifs, /*enableReadLogs=*/true); status != 0) {
        return status;
    }

    registerAppOpsCallback(packageName);

    return 0;
}

int IncrementalService::disableReadLogsLocked(IncFsMount& ifs) {
    return applyStorageParamsLocked(ifs, /*enableReadLogs=*/false);
}

int IncrementalService::applyStorageParamsLocked(IncFsMount& ifs, bool enableReadLogs) {
    os::incremental::IncrementalFileSystemControlParcel control;
    control.cmd.reset(dup(ifs.control.cmd()));
    control.pendingReads.reset(dup(ifs.control.pendingReads()));
    auto logsFd = ifs.control.logs();
    if (logsFd >= 0) {
        control.log.reset(dup(logsFd));
    }

    std::lock_guard l(mMountOperationLock);
    auto status = mVold->setIncFsMountOptions(control, enableReadLogs);
    if (status.isOk()) {
        // Store enabled state.
        ifs.setReadLogsEnabled(enableReadLogs);
    } else {
        LOG(ERROR) << "applyStorageParams failed: " << status.toString8();
    }
    return status.isOk() ? 0 : fromBinderStatus(status);
}

void IncrementalService::deleteStorage(StorageId storageId) {
    const auto ifs = getIfs(storageId);
    if (!ifs) {
        return;
    }
    deleteStorage(*ifs);
}

void IncrementalService::deleteStorage(IncrementalService::IncFsMount& ifs) {
    std::unique_lock l(ifs.lock);
    deleteStorageLocked(ifs, std::move(l));
}

void IncrementalService::deleteStorageLocked(IncrementalService::IncFsMount& ifs,
                                             std::unique_lock<std::mutex>&& ifsLock) {
    const auto storages = std::move(ifs.storages);
    // Don't move the bind points out: Ifs's dtor will use them to unmount everything.
    const auto bindPoints = ifs.bindPoints;
    ifsLock.unlock();

    std::lock_guard l(mLock);
    for (auto&& [id, _] : storages) {
        if (id != ifs.mountId) {
            mMounts.erase(id);
        }
    }
    for (auto&& [path, _] : bindPoints) {
        mBindsByPath.erase(path);
    }
    mMounts.erase(ifs.mountId);
}

StorageId IncrementalService::openStorage(std::string_view pathInMount) {
    if (!path::isAbsolute(pathInMount)) {
        return kInvalidStorageId;
    }

    return findStorageId(path::normalize(pathInMount));
}

IncrementalService::IfsMountPtr IncrementalService::getIfs(StorageId storage) const {
    std::lock_guard l(mLock);
    return getIfsLocked(storage);
}

const IncrementalService::IfsMountPtr& IncrementalService::getIfsLocked(StorageId storage) const {
    auto it = mMounts.find(storage);
    if (it == mMounts.end()) {
        static const base::NoDestructor<IfsMountPtr> kEmpty{};
        return *kEmpty;
    }
    return it->second;
}

int IncrementalService::bind(StorageId storage, std::string_view source, std::string_view target,
                             BindKind kind) {
    if (!isValidMountTarget(target)) {
        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": not a valid bind target " << target;
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    const auto ifs = getIfs(storage);
    if (!ifs) {
        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": no ifs object for storage " << storage;
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    std::unique_lock l(ifs->lock);
    const auto storageInfo = ifs->storages.find(storage);
    if (storageInfo == ifs->storages.end()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "no storage";
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    std::string normSource = normalizePathToStorageLocked(*ifs, storageInfo, source);
    if (normSource.empty()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid source path";
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    l.unlock();
    std::unique_lock l2(mLock, std::defer_lock);
    return addBindMount(*ifs, storage, storageInfo->second.name, std::move(normSource),
                        path::normalize(target), kind, l2);
}

int IncrementalService::unbind(StorageId storage, std::string_view target) {
    if (!path::isAbsolute(target)) {
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    LOG(INFO) << "Removing bind point " << target << " for storage " << storage;

    // Here we should only look up by the exact target, not by a subdirectory of any existing mount,
    // otherwise there's a chance to unmount something completely unrelated
    const auto norm = path::normalize(target);
    std::unique_lock l(mLock);
    const auto storageIt = mBindsByPath.find(norm);
    if (storageIt == mBindsByPath.end() || storageIt->second->second.storage != storage) {
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    const auto bindIt = storageIt->second;
    const auto storageId = bindIt->second.storage;
    const auto ifs = getIfsLocked(storageId);
    if (!ifs) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Internal error: storageId " << storageId << " for bound path " << target
                   << " is missing";
        return -EFAULT;
    }
    mBindsByPath.erase(storageIt);
    l.unlock();

    mVold->unmountIncFs(bindIt->first);
    std::unique_lock l2(ifs->lock);
    if (ifs->bindPoints.size() <= 1) {
        ifs->bindPoints.clear();
        deleteStorageLocked(*ifs, std::move(l2));
    } else {
        const std::string savedFile = std::move(bindIt->second.savedFilename);
        ifs->bindPoints.erase(bindIt);
        l2.unlock();
        if (!savedFile.empty()) {
            mIncFs->unlink(ifs->control, path::join(ifs->root, constants().mount, savedFile));
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

std::string IncrementalService::normalizePathToStorageLocked(
        const IncFsMount& incfs, IncFsMount::StorageMap::const_iterator storageIt,
        std::string_view path) const {
    if (!path::isAbsolute(path)) {
        return path::normalize(path::join(storageIt->second.name, path));
    }
    auto normPath = path::normalize(path);
    if (path::startsWith(normPath, storageIt->second.name)) {
        return normPath;
    }
    // not that easy: need to find if any of the bind points match
    const auto bindIt = findParentPath(incfs.bindPoints, normPath);
    if (bindIt == incfs.bindPoints.end()) {
        return {};
    }
    return path::join(bindIt->second.sourceDir, path::relativize(bindIt->first, normPath));
}

std::string IncrementalService::normalizePathToStorage(const IncFsMount& ifs, StorageId storage,
                                                       std::string_view path) const {
    std::unique_lock l(ifs.lock);
    const auto storageInfo = ifs.storages.find(storage);
    if (storageInfo == ifs.storages.end()) {
        return {};
    }
    return normalizePathToStorageLocked(ifs, storageInfo, path);
}

int IncrementalService::makeFile(StorageId storage, std::string_view path, int mode, FileId id,
                                 incfs::NewFileParams params, std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
    const auto ifs = getIfs(storage);
    if (!ifs) {
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    if (data.size() > params.size) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Bad data size - bigger than file size";
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    if (!data.empty() && data.size() != params.size) {
        // Writing a page is an irreversible operation, and it can't be updated with additional
        // data later. Check that the last written page is complete, or we may break the file.
        if (!isPageAligned(data.size())) {
            LOG(ERROR) << "Bad data size - tried to write half a page?";
            return -EINVAL;
        }
    }
    const std::string normPath = normalizePathToStorage(*ifs, storage, path);
    if (normPath.empty()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Internal error: storageId " << storage << " failed to normalize: " << path;
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    if (auto err = mIncFs->makeFile(ifs->control, normPath, mode, id, params); err) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Internal error: storageId " << storage << " failed to makeFile: " << err;
        return err;
    }
    if (params.size > 0) {
        // Only v2+ incfs supports automatically trimming file over-reserved sizes
        if (mIncFs->features() & incfs::Features::v2) {
            if (auto err = mIncFs->reserveSpace(ifs->control, normPath, params.size)) {
                if (err != -EOPNOTSUPP) {
                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to reserve space for a new file: " << err;
                    (void)mIncFs->unlink(ifs->control, normPath);
                    return err;
                } else {
                    LOG(WARNING) << "Reserving space for backing file isn't supported, "
                                    "may run out of disk later";
                }
            }
        }
        if (!data.empty()) {
            if (auto err = setFileContent(ifs, id, path, data); err) {
                (void)mIncFs->unlink(ifs->control, normPath);
                return err;
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

int IncrementalService::makeDir(StorageId storageId, std::string_view path, int mode) {
    if (auto ifs = getIfs(storageId)) {
        std::string normPath = normalizePathToStorage(*ifs, storageId, path);
        if (normPath.empty()) {
            return -EINVAL;
        }
        return mIncFs->makeDir(ifs->control, normPath, mode);
    }
    return -EINVAL;
}

int IncrementalService::makeDirs(StorageId storageId, std::string_view path, int mode) {
    const auto ifs = getIfs(storageId);
    if (!ifs) {
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    return makeDirs(*ifs, storageId, path, mode);
}

int IncrementalService::makeDirs(const IncFsMount& ifs, StorageId storageId, std::string_view path,
                                 int mode) {
    std::string normPath = normalizePathToStorage(ifs, storageId, path);
    if (normPath.empty()) {
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    return mIncFs->makeDirs(ifs.control, normPath, mode);
}

int IncrementalService::link(StorageId sourceStorageId, std::string_view oldPath,
                             StorageId destStorageId, std::string_view newPath) {
    std::unique_lock l(mLock);
    auto ifsSrc = getIfsLocked(sourceStorageId);
    if (!ifsSrc) {
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    if (sourceStorageId != destStorageId && getIfsLocked(destStorageId) != ifsSrc) {
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    l.unlock();
    std::string normOldPath = normalizePathToStorage(*ifsSrc, sourceStorageId, oldPath);
    std::string normNewPath = normalizePathToStorage(*ifsSrc, destStorageId, newPath);
    if (normOldPath.empty() || normNewPath.empty()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid paths in link(): " << normOldPath << " | " << normNewPath;
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    if (auto err = mIncFs->link(ifsSrc->control, normOldPath, normNewPath); err < 0) {
        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to link " << oldPath << "[" << normOldPath << "]"
                    << " to " << newPath << "[" << normNewPath << "]";
        return err;
    }
    return 0;
}

int IncrementalService::unlink(StorageId storage, std::string_view path) {
    if (auto ifs = getIfs(storage)) {
        std::string normOldPath = normalizePathToStorage(*ifs, storage, path);
        return mIncFs->unlink(ifs->control, normOldPath);
    }
    return -EINVAL;
}

int IncrementalService::addBindMount(IncFsMount& ifs, StorageId storage,
                                     std::string_view storageRoot, std::string&& source,
                                     std::string&& target, BindKind kind,
                                     std::unique_lock<std::mutex>& mainLock) {
    if (!isValidMountTarget(target)) {
        LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": invalid mount target " << target;
        return -EINVAL;
    }

    std::string mdFileName;
    std::string metadataFullPath;
    if (kind != BindKind::Temporary) {
        metadata::BindPoint bp;
        bp.set_storage_id(storage);
        bp.set_allocated_dest_path(&target);
        bp.set_allocated_source_subdir(&source);
        const auto metadata = bp.SerializeAsString();
        bp.release_dest_path();
        bp.release_source_subdir();
        mdFileName = makeBindMdName();
        metadataFullPath = path::join(ifs.root, constants().mount, mdFileName);
        auto node = mIncFs->makeFile(ifs.control, metadataFullPath, 0444, idFromMetadata(metadata),
                                     {.metadata = {metadata.data(), (IncFsSize)metadata.size()}});
        if (node) {
            LOG(ERROR) << __func__ << ": couldn't create a mount node " << mdFileName;
            return int(node);
        }
    }

    const auto res = addBindMountWithMd(ifs, storage, std::move(mdFileName), std::move(source),
                                        std::move(target), kind, mainLock);
    if (res) {
        mIncFs->unlink(ifs.control, metadataFullPath);
    }
    return res;
}

int IncrementalService::addBindMountWithMd(IncrementalService::IncFsMount& ifs, StorageId storage,
                                           std::string&& metadataName, std::string&& source,
                                           std::string&& target, BindKind kind,
                                           std::unique_lock<std::mutex>& mainLock) {
    {
        std::lock_guard l(mMountOperationLock);
        const auto status = mVold->bindMount(source, target);
        if (!status.isOk()) {
            LOG(ERROR) << "Calling Vold::bindMount() failed: " << status.toString8();
            return status.exceptionCode() == binder::Status::EX_SERVICE_SPECIFIC
                    ? status.serviceSpecificErrorCode() > 0 ? -status.serviceSpecificErrorCode()
                                                            : status.serviceSpecificErrorCode() == 0
                                    ? -EFAULT
                                    : status.serviceSpecificErrorCode()
                    : -EIO;
        }
    }

    if (!mainLock.owns_lock()) {
        mainLock.lock();
    }
    std::lock_guard l(ifs.lock);
    addBindMountRecordLocked(ifs, storage, std::move(metadataName), std::move(source),
                             std::move(target), kind);
    return 0;
}

void IncrementalService::addBindMountRecordLocked(IncFsMount& ifs, StorageId storage,
                                                  std::string&& metadataName, std::string&& source,
                                                  std::string&& target, BindKind kind) {
    const auto [it, _] =
            ifs.bindPoints.insert_or_assign(target,
                                            IncFsMount::Bind{storage, std::move(metadataName),
                                                             std::move(source), kind});
    mBindsByPath[std::move(target)] = it;
}

RawMetadata IncrementalService::getMetadata(StorageId storage, std::string_view path) const {
    const auto ifs = getIfs(storage);
    if (!ifs) {
        return {};
    }
    const auto normPath = normalizePathToStorage(*ifs, storage, path);
    if (normPath.empty()) {
        return {};
    }
    return mIncFs->getMetadata(ifs->control, normPath);
}

RawMetadata IncrementalService::getMetadata(StorageId storage, FileId node) const {
    const auto ifs = getIfs(storage);
    if (!ifs) {
        return {};
    }
    return mIncFs->getMetadata(ifs->control, node);
}

void IncrementalService::setUidReadTimeouts(StorageId storage,
                                            std::vector<PerUidReadTimeouts>&& perUidReadTimeouts) {
    using microseconds = std::chrono::microseconds;
    using milliseconds = std::chrono::milliseconds;

    auto maxPendingTimeUs = microseconds(0);
    for (const auto& timeouts : perUidReadTimeouts) {
        maxPendingTimeUs = std::max(maxPendingTimeUs, microseconds(timeouts.maxPendingTimeUs));
    }
    if (maxPendingTimeUs < Constants::minPerUidTimeout) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Skip setting  read timeouts (maxPendingTime < Constants::minPerUidTimeout): "
                   << duration_cast<milliseconds>(maxPendingTimeUs).count() << "ms < "
                   << Constants::minPerUidTimeout.count() << "ms";
        return;
    }

    const auto ifs = getIfs(storage);
    if (!ifs) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Setting read timeouts failed: invalid storage id: " << storage;
        return;
    }

    if (auto err = mIncFs->setUidReadTimeouts(ifs->control, perUidReadTimeouts); err < 0) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Setting read timeouts failed: " << -err;
        return;
    }

    const auto timeout = Clock::now() + maxPendingTimeUs - Constants::perUidTimeoutOffset;
    addIfsStateCallback(storage, [this, timeout](StorageId storageId, IfsState state) -> bool {
        if (checkUidReadTimeouts(storageId, state, timeout)) {
            return true;
        }
        clearUidReadTimeouts(storageId);
        return false;
    });
}

void IncrementalService::clearUidReadTimeouts(StorageId storage) {
    const auto ifs = getIfs(storage);
    if (!ifs) {
        return;
    }
    mIncFs->setUidReadTimeouts(ifs->control, {});
}

bool IncrementalService::checkUidReadTimeouts(StorageId storage, IfsState state,
                                              Clock::time_point timeLimit) {
    if (Clock::now() >= timeLimit) {
        // Reached maximum timeout.
        return false;
    }
    if (state.error) {
        // Something is wrong, abort.
        return false;
    }

    // Still loading?
    if (state.fullyLoaded && !state.readLogsEnabled) {
        return false;
    }

    const auto timeLeft = timeLimit - Clock::now();
    if (timeLeft < Constants::progressUpdateInterval) {
        // Don't bother.
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

std::unordered_set<std::string_view> IncrementalService::adoptMountedInstances() {
    std::unordered_set<std::string_view> mountedRootNames;
    mIncFs->listExistingMounts([this, &mountedRootNames](auto root, auto backingDir, auto binds) {
        LOG(INFO) << "Existing mount: " << backingDir << "->" << root;
        for (auto [source, target] : binds) {
            LOG(INFO) << "  bind: '" << source << "'->'" << target << "'";
            LOG(INFO) << "         " << path::join(root, source);
        }

        // Ensure it's a kind of a mount that's managed by IncrementalService
        if (path::basename(root) != constants().mount ||
            path::basename(backingDir) != constants().backing) {
            return;
        }
        const auto expectedRoot = path::dirname(root);
        if (path::dirname(backingDir) != expectedRoot) {
            return;
        }
        if (path::dirname(expectedRoot) != mIncrementalDir) {
            return;
        }
        if (!path::basename(expectedRoot).starts_with(constants().mountKeyPrefix)) {
            return;
        }

        LOG(INFO) << "Looks like an IncrementalService-owned: " << expectedRoot;

        // make sure we clean up the mount if it happens to be a bad one.
        // Note: unmounting needs to run first, so the cleanup object is created _last_.
        auto cleanupFiles = makeCleanup([&]() {
            LOG(INFO) << "Failed to adopt existing mount, deleting files: " << expectedRoot;
            IncFsMount::cleanupFilesystem(expectedRoot);
        });
        auto cleanupMounts = makeCleanup([&]() {
            LOG(INFO) << "Failed to adopt existing mount, cleaning up: " << expectedRoot;
            for (auto&& [_, target] : binds) {
                mVold->unmountIncFs(std::string(target));
            }
            mVold->unmountIncFs(std::string(root));
        });

        auto control = mIncFs->openMount(root);
        if (!control) {
            LOG(INFO) << "failed to open mount " << root;
            return;
        }

        auto mountRecord =
                parseFromIncfs<metadata::Mount>(mIncFs.get(), control,
                                                path::join(root, constants().infoMdName));
        if (!mountRecord.has_loader() || !mountRecord.has_storage()) {
            LOG(ERROR) << "Bad mount metadata in mount at " << expectedRoot;
            return;
        }

        auto mountId = mountRecord.storage().id();
        mNextId = std::max(mNextId, mountId + 1);

        DataLoaderParamsParcel dataLoaderParams;
        {
            const auto& loader = mountRecord.loader();
            dataLoaderParams.type = (content::pm::DataLoaderType)loader.type();
            dataLoaderParams.packageName = loader.package_name();
            dataLoaderParams.className = loader.class_name();
            dataLoaderParams.arguments = loader.arguments();
        }

        auto ifs = std::make_shared<IncFsMount>(std::string(expectedRoot), mountId,
                                                std::move(control), *this);
        (void)cleanupFiles.release(); // ifs will take care of that now

        // Check if marker file present.
        if (checkReadLogsDisabledMarker(root)) {
            ifs->disallowReadLogs();
        }

        std::vector<std::pair<std::string, metadata::BindPoint>> permanentBindPoints;
        auto d = openDir(root);
        while (auto e = ::readdir(d.get())) {
            if (e->d_type == DT_REG) {
                auto name = std::string_view(e->d_name);
                if (name.starts_with(constants().mountpointMdPrefix)) {
                    permanentBindPoints
                            .emplace_back(name,
                                          parseFromIncfs<metadata::BindPoint>(mIncFs.get(),
                                                                              ifs->control,
                                                                              path::join(root,
                                                                                         name)));
                    if (permanentBindPoints.back().second.dest_path().empty() ||
                        permanentBindPoints.back().second.source_subdir().empty()) {
                        permanentBindPoints.pop_back();
                        mIncFs->unlink(ifs->control, path::join(root, name));
                    } else {
                        LOG(INFO) << "Permanent bind record: '"
                                  << permanentBindPoints.back().second.source_subdir() << "'->'"
                                  << permanentBindPoints.back().second.dest_path() << "'";
                    }
                }
            } else if (e->d_type == DT_DIR) {
                if (e->d_name == "."sv || e->d_name == ".."sv) {
                    continue;
                }
                auto name = std::string_view(e->d_name);
                if (name.starts_with(constants().storagePrefix)) {
                    int storageId;
                    const auto res =
                            std::from_chars(name.data() + constants().storagePrefix.size() + 1,
                                            name.data() + name.size(), storageId);
                    if (res.ec != std::errc{} || *res.ptr != '_') {
                        LOG(WARNING) << "Ignoring storage with invalid name '" << name
                                     << "' for mount " << expectedRoot;
                        continue;
                    }
                    auto [_, inserted] = mMounts.try_emplace(storageId, ifs);
                    if (!inserted) {
                        LOG(WARNING) << "Ignoring storage with duplicate id " << storageId
                                     << " for mount " << expectedRoot;
                        continue;
                    }
                    ifs->storages.insert_or_assign(storageId,
                                                   IncFsMount::Storage{path::join(root, name)});
                    mNextId = std::max(mNextId, storageId + 1);
                }
            }
        }

        if (ifs->storages.empty()) {
            LOG(WARNING) << "No valid storages in mount " << root;
            return;
        }

        // now match the mounted directories with what we expect to have in the metadata
        {
            std::unique_lock l(mLock, std::defer_lock);
            for (auto&& [metadataFile, bindRecord] : permanentBindPoints) {
                auto mountedIt = std::find_if(binds.begin(), binds.end(),
                                              [&, bindRecord = bindRecord](auto&& bind) {
                                                  return bind.second == bindRecord.dest_path() &&
                                                          path::join(root, bind.first) ==
                                                          bindRecord.source_subdir();
                                              });
                if (mountedIt != binds.end()) {
                    LOG(INFO) << "Matched permanent bound " << bindRecord.source_subdir()
                              << " to mount " << mountedIt->first;
                    addBindMountRecordLocked(*ifs, bindRecord.storage_id(), std::move(metadataFile),
                                             std::move(*bindRecord.mutable_source_subdir()),
                                             std::move(*bindRecord.mutable_dest_path()),
                                             BindKind::Permanent);
                    if (mountedIt != binds.end() - 1) {
                        std::iter_swap(mountedIt, binds.end() - 1);
                    }
                    binds = binds.first(binds.size() - 1);
                } else {
                    LOG(INFO) << "Didn't match permanent bound " << bindRecord.source_subdir()
                              << ", mounting";
                    // doesn't exist - try mounting back
                    if (addBindMountWithMd(*ifs, bindRecord.storage_id(), std::move(metadataFile),
                                           std::move(*bindRecord.mutable_source_subdir()),
                                           std::move(*bindRecord.mutable_dest_path()),
                                           BindKind::Permanent, l)) {
                        mIncFs->unlink(ifs->control, metadataFile);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // if anything stays in |binds| those are probably temporary binds; system restarted since
        // they were mounted - so let's unmount them all.
        for (auto&& [source, target] : binds) {
            if (source.empty()) {
                continue;
            }
            mVold->unmountIncFs(std::string(target));
        }
        (void)cleanupMounts.release(); // ifs now manages everything

        if (ifs->bindPoints.empty()) {
            LOG(WARNING) << "No valid bind points for mount " << expectedRoot;
            deleteStorage(*ifs);
            return;
        }

        prepareDataLoaderLocked(*ifs, std::move(dataLoaderParams));
        CHECK(ifs->dataLoaderStub);

        mountedRootNames.insert(path::basename(ifs->root));

        // not locking here at all: we're still in the constructor, no other calls can happen
        mMounts[ifs->mountId] = std::move(ifs);
    });

    return mountedRootNames;
}

void IncrementalService::mountExistingImages(
        const std::unordered_set<std::string_view>& mountedRootNames) {
    auto dir = openDir(mIncrementalDir);
    if (!dir) {
        PLOG(WARNING) << "Couldn't open the root incremental dir " << mIncrementalDir;
        return;
    }
    while (auto entry = ::readdir(dir.get())) {
        if (entry->d_type != DT_DIR) {
            continue;
        }
        std::string_view name = entry->d_name;
        if (!name.starts_with(constants().mountKeyPrefix)) {
            continue;
        }
        if (mountedRootNames.find(name) != mountedRootNames.end()) {
            continue;
        }
        const auto root = path::join(mIncrementalDir, name);
        if (!mountExistingImage(root)) {
            IncFsMount::cleanupFilesystem(root);
        }
    }
}

bool IncrementalService::mountExistingImage(std::string_view root) {
    auto mountTarget = path::join(root, constants().mount);
    const auto backing = path::join(root, constants().backing);

    IncrementalFileSystemControlParcel controlParcel;
    auto status = mVold->mountIncFs(backing, mountTarget, 0, &controlParcel);
    if (!status.isOk()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Vold::mountIncFs() failed: " << status.toString8();
        return false;
    }

    int cmd = controlParcel.cmd.release().release();
    int pendingReads = controlParcel.pendingReads.release().release();
    int logs = controlParcel.log.release().release();
    int blocksWritten =
            controlParcel.blocksWritten ? controlParcel.blocksWritten->release().release() : -1;
    IncFsMount::Control control = mIncFs->createControl(cmd, pendingReads, logs, blocksWritten);

    auto ifs = std::make_shared<IncFsMount>(std::string(root), -1, std::move(control), *this);

    auto mount = parseFromIncfs<metadata::Mount>(mIncFs.get(), ifs->control,
                                                 path::join(mountTarget, constants().infoMdName));
    if (!mount.has_loader() || !mount.has_storage()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Bad mount metadata in mount at " << root;
        return false;
    }

    ifs->mountId = mount.storage().id();
    mNextId = std::max(mNextId, ifs->mountId + 1);

    // Check if marker file present.
    if (checkReadLogsDisabledMarker(mountTarget)) {
        ifs->disallowReadLogs();
    }

    // DataLoader params
    DataLoaderParamsParcel dataLoaderParams;
    {
        const auto& loader = mount.loader();
        dataLoaderParams.type = (content::pm::DataLoaderType)loader.type();
        dataLoaderParams.packageName = loader.package_name();
        dataLoaderParams.className = loader.class_name();
        dataLoaderParams.arguments = loader.arguments();
    }

    prepareDataLoaderLocked(*ifs, std::move(dataLoaderParams));
    CHECK(ifs->dataLoaderStub);

    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, metadata::BindPoint>> bindPoints;
    auto d = openDir(mountTarget);
    while (auto e = ::readdir(d.get())) {
        if (e->d_type == DT_REG) {
            auto name = std::string_view(e->d_name);
            if (name.starts_with(constants().mountpointMdPrefix)) {
                bindPoints.emplace_back(name,
                                        parseFromIncfs<metadata::BindPoint>(mIncFs.get(),
                                                                            ifs->control,
                                                                            path::join(mountTarget,
                                                                                       name)));
                if (bindPoints.back().second.dest_path().empty() ||
                    bindPoints.back().second.source_subdir().empty()) {
                    bindPoints.pop_back();
                    mIncFs->unlink(ifs->control, path::join(ifs->root, constants().mount, name));
                }
            }
        } else if (e->d_type == DT_DIR) {
            if (e->d_name == "."sv || e->d_name == ".."sv) {
                continue;
            }
            auto name = std::string_view(e->d_name);
            if (name.starts_with(constants().storagePrefix)) {
                int storageId;
                const auto res = std::from_chars(name.data() + constants().storagePrefix.size() + 1,
                                                 name.data() + name.size(), storageId);
                if (res.ec != std::errc{} || *res.ptr != '_') {
                    LOG(WARNING) << "Ignoring storage with invalid name '" << name << "' for mount "
                                 << root;
                    continue;
                }
                auto [_, inserted] = mMounts.try_emplace(storageId, ifs);
                if (!inserted) {
                    LOG(WARNING) << "Ignoring storage with duplicate id " << storageId
                                 << " for mount " << root;
                    continue;
                }
                ifs->storages.insert_or_assign(storageId,
                                               IncFsMount::Storage{
                                                       path::join(root, constants().mount, name)});
                mNextId = std::max(mNextId, storageId + 1);
            }
        }
    }

    if (ifs->storages.empty()) {
        LOG(WARNING) << "No valid storages in mount " << root;
        return false;
    }

    int bindCount = 0;
    {
        std::unique_lock l(mLock, std::defer_lock);
        for (auto&& bp : bindPoints) {
            bindCount += !addBindMountWithMd(*ifs, bp.second.storage_id(), std::move(bp.first),
                                             std::move(*bp.second.mutable_source_subdir()),
                                             std::move(*bp.second.mutable_dest_path()),
                                             BindKind::Permanent, l);
        }
    }

    if (bindCount == 0) {
        LOG(WARNING) << "No valid bind points for mount " << root;
        deleteStorage(*ifs);
        return false;
    }

    // not locking here at all: we're still in the constructor, no other calls can happen
    mMounts[ifs->mountId] = std::move(ifs);
    return true;
}

void IncrementalService::runCmdLooper() {
    constexpr auto kTimeoutMsecs = -1;
    while (mRunning.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)) {
        mLooper->pollAll(kTimeoutMsecs);
    }
}

void IncrementalService::prepareDataLoaderLocked(IncFsMount& ifs, DataLoaderParamsParcel&& params,
                                                 DataLoaderStatusListener&& statusListener,
                                                 const StorageHealthCheckParams& healthCheckParams,
                                                 StorageHealthListener&& healthListener) {
    FileSystemControlParcel fsControlParcel;
    fsControlParcel.incremental = std::make_optional<IncrementalFileSystemControlParcel>();
    fsControlParcel.incremental->cmd.reset(dup(ifs.control.cmd()));
    fsControlParcel.incremental->pendingReads.reset(dup(ifs.control.pendingReads()));
    fsControlParcel.incremental->log.reset(dup(ifs.control.logs()));
    if (ifs.control.blocksWritten() >= 0) {
        fsControlParcel.incremental->blocksWritten.emplace(dup(ifs.control.blocksWritten()));
    }
    fsControlParcel.service = new IncrementalServiceConnector(*this, ifs.mountId);

    ifs.dataLoaderStub =
            new DataLoaderStub(*this, ifs.mountId, std::move(params), std::move(fsControlParcel),
                               std::move(statusListener), healthCheckParams,
                               std::move(healthListener), path::join(ifs.root, constants().mount));

    addIfsStateCallback(ifs.mountId, [this](StorageId storageId, IfsState state) -> bool {
        if (!state.fullyLoaded || state.readLogsEnabled) {
            return true;
        }

        DataLoaderStubPtr dataLoaderStub;
        {
            const auto ifs = getIfs(storageId);
            if (!ifs) {
                return false;
            }

            std::unique_lock l(ifs->lock);
            dataLoaderStub = std::exchange(ifs->dataLoaderStub, nullptr);
        }

        if (dataLoaderStub) {
            dataLoaderStub->cleanupResources();
        }

        return false;
    });
}

template <class Duration>
static long elapsedMcs(Duration start, Duration end) {
    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(end - start).count();
}

template <class Duration>
static constexpr auto castToMs(Duration d) {
    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(d);
}

// Extract lib files from zip, create new files in incfs and write data to them
// Lib files should be placed next to the APK file in the following matter:
// Example:
// /path/to/base.apk
// /path/to/lib/arm/first.so
// /path/to/lib/arm/second.so
bool IncrementalService::configureNativeBinaries(StorageId storage, std::string_view apkFullPath,
                                                 std::string_view libDirRelativePath,
                                                 std::string_view abi, bool extractNativeLibs) {
    auto start = Clock::now();

    const auto ifs = getIfs(storage);
    if (!ifs) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid storage " << storage;
        return false;
    }

    const auto targetLibPathRelativeToStorage =
            path::join(path::dirname(normalizePathToStorage(*ifs, storage, apkFullPath)),
                       libDirRelativePath);

    // First prepare target directories if they don't exist yet
    if (auto res = makeDirs(*ifs, storage, targetLibPathRelativeToStorage, 0755)) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to prepare target lib directory " << targetLibPathRelativeToStorage
                   << " errno: " << res;
        return false;
    }

    auto mkDirsTs = Clock::now();
    ZipArchiveHandle zipFileHandle;
    if (OpenArchive(path::c_str(apkFullPath), &zipFileHandle)) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open zip file at " << apkFullPath;
        return false;
    }

    // Need a shared pointer: will be passing it into all unpacking jobs.
    std::shared_ptr<ZipArchive> zipFile(zipFileHandle, [](ZipArchiveHandle h) { CloseArchive(h); });
    void* cookie = nullptr;
    const auto libFilePrefix = path::join(constants().libDir, abi) += "/";
    if (StartIteration(zipFile.get(), &cookie, libFilePrefix, constants().libSuffix)) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to start zip iteration for " << apkFullPath;
        return false;
    }
    auto endIteration = [](void* cookie) { EndIteration(cookie); };
    auto iterationCleaner = std::unique_ptr<void, decltype(endIteration)>(cookie, endIteration);

    auto openZipTs = Clock::now();

    auto mapFiles = (mIncFs->features() & incfs::Features::v2);
    incfs::FileId sourceId;
    if (mapFiles) {
        sourceId = mIncFs->getFileId(ifs->control, apkFullPath);
        if (!incfs::isValidFileId(sourceId)) {
            LOG(WARNING) << "Error getting IncFS file ID for apk path '" << apkFullPath
                         << "', mapping disabled";
            mapFiles = false;
        }
    }

    std::vector<Job> jobQueue;
    ZipEntry entry;
    std::string_view fileName;
    while (!Next(cookie, &entry, &fileName)) {
        if (fileName.empty()) {
            continue;
        }

        const auto entryUncompressed = entry.method == kCompressStored;
        const auto entryPageAligned = isPageAligned(entry.offset);

        if (!extractNativeLibs) {
            // ensure the file is properly aligned and unpacked
            if (!entryUncompressed) {
                LOG(WARNING) << "Library " << fileName << " must be uncompressed to mmap it";
                return false;
            }
            if (!entryPageAligned) {
                LOG(WARNING) << "Library " << fileName
                             << " must be page-aligned to mmap it, offset = 0x" << std::hex
                             << entry.offset;
                return false;
            }
            continue;
        }

        auto startFileTs = Clock::now();

        const auto libName = path::basename(fileName);
        auto targetLibPath = path::join(targetLibPathRelativeToStorage, libName);
        const auto targetLibPathAbsolute = normalizePathToStorage(*ifs, storage, targetLibPath);
        // If the extract file already exists, skip
        if (access(targetLibPathAbsolute.c_str(), F_OK) == 0) {
            if (perfLoggingEnabled()) {
                LOG(INFO) << "incfs: Native lib file already exists: " << targetLibPath
                          << "; skipping extraction, spent "
                          << elapsedMcs(startFileTs, Clock::now()) << "mcs";
            }
            continue;
        }

        if (mapFiles && entryUncompressed && entryPageAligned && entry.uncompressed_length > 0) {
            incfs::NewMappedFileParams mappedFileParams = {
                    .sourceId = sourceId,
                    .sourceOffset = entry.offset,
                    .size = entry.uncompressed_length,
            };

            if (auto res = mIncFs->makeMappedFile(ifs->control, targetLibPathAbsolute, 0755,
                                                  mappedFileParams);
                res == 0) {
                if (perfLoggingEnabled()) {
                    auto doneTs = Clock::now();
                    LOG(INFO) << "incfs: Mapped " << libName << ": "
                              << elapsedMcs(startFileTs, doneTs) << "mcs";
                }
                continue;
            } else {
                LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to map file for: '" << targetLibPath << "' errno: " << res
                             << "; falling back to full extraction";
            }
        }

        // Create new lib file without signature info
        incfs::NewFileParams libFileParams = {
                .size = entry.uncompressed_length,
                .signature = {},
                // Metadata of the new lib file is its relative path
                .metadata = {targetLibPath.c_str(), (IncFsSize)targetLibPath.size()},
        };
        incfs::FileId libFileId = idFromMetadata(targetLibPath);
        if (auto res = mIncFs->makeFile(ifs->control, targetLibPathAbsolute, 0755, libFileId,
                                        libFileParams)) {
            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to make file for: " << targetLibPath << " errno: " << res;
            // If one lib file fails to be created, abort others as well
            return false;
        }

        auto makeFileTs = Clock::now();

        // If it is a zero-byte file, skip data writing
        if (entry.uncompressed_length == 0) {
            if (perfLoggingEnabled()) {
                LOG(INFO) << "incfs: Extracted " << libName
                          << "(0 bytes): " << elapsedMcs(startFileTs, makeFileTs) << "mcs";
            }
            continue;
        }

        jobQueue.emplace_back([this, zipFile, entry, ifs = std::weak_ptr<IncFsMount>(ifs),
                               libFileId, libPath = std::move(targetLibPath),
                               makeFileTs]() mutable {
            extractZipFile(ifs.lock(), zipFile.get(), entry, libFileId, libPath, makeFileTs);
        });

        if (perfLoggingEnabled()) {
            auto prepareJobTs = Clock::now();
            LOG(INFO) << "incfs: Processed " << libName << ": "
                      << elapsedMcs(startFileTs, prepareJobTs)
                      << "mcs, make file: " << elapsedMcs(startFileTs, makeFileTs)
                      << " prepare job: " << elapsedMcs(makeFileTs, prepareJobTs);
        }
    }

    auto processedTs = Clock::now();

    if (!jobQueue.empty()) {
        {
            std::lock_guard lock(mJobMutex);
            if (mRunning) {
                auto& existingJobs = mJobQueue[ifs->mountId];
                if (existingJobs.empty()) {
                    existingJobs = std::move(jobQueue);
                } else {
                    existingJobs.insert(existingJobs.end(), std::move_iterator(jobQueue.begin()),
                                        std::move_iterator(jobQueue.end()));
                }
            }
        }
        mJobCondition.notify_all();
    }

    if (perfLoggingEnabled()) {
        auto end = Clock::now();
        LOG(INFO) << "incfs: configureNativeBinaries complete in " << elapsedMcs(start, end)
                  << "mcs, make dirs: " << elapsedMcs(start, mkDirsTs)
                  << " open zip: " << elapsedMcs(mkDirsTs, openZipTs)
                  << " make files: " << elapsedMcs(openZipTs, processedTs)
                  << " schedule jobs: " << elapsedMcs(processedTs, end);
    }

    return true;
}

void IncrementalService::extractZipFile(const IfsMountPtr& ifs, ZipArchiveHandle zipFile,
                                        ZipEntry& entry, const incfs::FileId& libFileId,
                                        std::string_view debugLibPath,
                                        Clock::time_point scheduledTs) {
    if (!ifs) {
        LOG(INFO) << "Skipping zip file " << debugLibPath << " extraction for an expired mount";
        return;
    }

    auto startedTs = Clock::now();

    // Write extracted data to new file
    // NOTE: don't zero-initialize memory, it may take a while for nothing
    auto libData = std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]>(new uint8_t[entry.uncompressed_length]);
    if (ExtractToMemory(zipFile, &entry, libData.get(), entry.uncompressed_length)) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to extract native lib zip entry: " << path::basename(debugLibPath);
        return;
    }

    auto extractFileTs = Clock::now();

    if (setFileContent(ifs, libFileId, debugLibPath,
                       std::span(libData.get(), entry.uncompressed_length))) {
        return;
    }

    if (perfLoggingEnabled()) {
        auto endFileTs = Clock::now();
        LOG(INFO) << "incfs: Extracted " << path::basename(debugLibPath) << "("
                  << entry.compressed_length << " -> " << entry.uncompressed_length
                  << " bytes): " << elapsedMcs(startedTs, endFileTs)
                  << "mcs, scheduling delay: " << elapsedMcs(scheduledTs, startedTs)
                  << " extract: " << elapsedMcs(startedTs, extractFileTs)
                  << " open/prepare/write: " << elapsedMcs(extractFileTs, endFileTs);
    }
}

bool IncrementalService::waitForNativeBinariesExtraction(StorageId storage) {
    struct WaitPrinter {
        const Clock::time_point startTs = Clock::now();
        ~WaitPrinter() noexcept {
            if (perfLoggingEnabled()) {
                const auto endTs = Clock::now();
                LOG(INFO) << "incfs: waitForNativeBinariesExtraction() complete in "
                          << elapsedMcs(startTs, endTs) << "mcs";
            }
        }
    } waitPrinter;

    MountId mount;
    {
        auto ifs = getIfs(storage);
        if (!ifs) {
            return true;
        }
        mount = ifs->mountId;
    }

    std::unique_lock lock(mJobMutex);
    mJobCondition.wait(lock, [this, mount] {
        return !mRunning ||
                (mPendingJobsMount != mount && mJobQueue.find(mount) == mJobQueue.end());
    });
    return mRunning;
}

int IncrementalService::setFileContent(const IfsMountPtr& ifs, const incfs::FileId& fileId,
                                       std::string_view debugFilePath,
                                       std::span<const uint8_t> data) const {
    auto startTs = Clock::now();

    const auto writeFd = mIncFs->openForSpecialOps(ifs->control, fileId);
    if (!writeFd.ok()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open write fd for: " << debugFilePath
                   << " errno: " << writeFd.get();
        return writeFd.get();
    }

    const auto dataLength = data.size();

    auto openFileTs = Clock::now();
    const int numBlocks = (data.size() + constants().blockSize - 1) / constants().blockSize;
    std::vector<IncFsDataBlock> instructions(numBlocks);
    for (int i = 0; i < numBlocks; i++) {
        const auto blockSize = std::min<long>(constants().blockSize, data.size());
        instructions[i] = IncFsDataBlock{
                .fileFd = writeFd.get(),
                .pageIndex = static_cast<IncFsBlockIndex>(i),
                .compression = INCFS_COMPRESSION_KIND_NONE,
                .kind = INCFS_BLOCK_KIND_DATA,
                .dataSize = static_cast<uint32_t>(blockSize),
                .data = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data.data()),
        };
        data = data.subspan(blockSize);
    }
    auto prepareInstsTs = Clock::now();

    size_t res = mIncFs->writeBlocks(instructions);
    if (res != instructions.size()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write data into: " << debugFilePath;
        return res;
    }

    if (perfLoggingEnabled()) {
        auto endTs = Clock::now();
        LOG(INFO) << "incfs: Set file content " << debugFilePath << "(" << dataLength
                  << " bytes): " << elapsedMcs(startTs, endTs)
                  << "mcs, open: " << elapsedMcs(startTs, openFileTs)
                  << " prepare: " << elapsedMcs(openFileTs, prepareInstsTs)
                  << " write: " << elapsedMcs(prepareInstsTs, endTs);
    }

    return 0;
}

incfs::LoadingState IncrementalService::isFileFullyLoaded(StorageId storage,
                                                          std::string_view filePath) const {
    std::unique_lock l(mLock);
    const auto ifs = getIfsLocked(storage);
    if (!ifs) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "isFileFullyLoaded failed, invalid storageId: " << storage;
        return incfs::LoadingState(-EINVAL);
    }
    const auto storageInfo = ifs->storages.find(storage);
    if (storageInfo == ifs->storages.end()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "isFileFullyLoaded failed, no storage: " << storage;
        return incfs::LoadingState(-EINVAL);
    }
    l.unlock();
    return mIncFs->isFileFullyLoaded(ifs->control, filePath);
}

incfs::LoadingState IncrementalService::isMountFullyLoaded(StorageId storage) const {
    const auto ifs = getIfs(storage);
    if (!ifs) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "isMountFullyLoaded failed, invalid storageId: " << storage;
        return incfs::LoadingState(-EINVAL);
    }
    return mIncFs->isEverythingFullyLoaded(ifs->control);
}

IncrementalService::LoadingProgress IncrementalService::getLoadingProgress(
        StorageId storage) const {
    std::unique_lock l(mLock);
    const auto ifs = getIfsLocked(storage);
    if (!ifs) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "getLoadingProgress failed, invalid storageId: " << storage;
        return {-EINVAL, -EINVAL};
    }
    const auto storageInfo = ifs->storages.find(storage);
    if (storageInfo == ifs->storages.end()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "getLoadingProgress failed, no storage: " << storage;
        return {-EINVAL, -EINVAL};
    }
    l.unlock();
    return getLoadingProgressFromPath(*ifs, storageInfo->second.name);
}

IncrementalService::LoadingProgress IncrementalService::getLoadingProgressFromPath(
        const IncFsMount& ifs, std::string_view storagePath) const {
    ssize_t totalBlocks = 0, filledBlocks = 0, error = 0;
    mFs->listFilesRecursive(storagePath, [&, this](auto filePath) {
        const auto [filledBlocksCount, totalBlocksCount] =
                mIncFs->countFilledBlocks(ifs.control, filePath);
        if (filledBlocksCount == -EOPNOTSUPP || filledBlocksCount == -ENOTSUP ||
            filledBlocksCount == -ENOENT) {
            // a kind of a file that's not really being loaded, e.g. a mapped range
            // an older IncFS used to return ENOENT in this case, so handle it the same way
            return true;
        }
        if (filledBlocksCount < 0) {
            LOG(ERROR) << "getLoadingProgress failed to get filled blocks count for: " << filePath
                       << ", errno: " << filledBlocksCount;
            error = filledBlocksCount;
            return false;
        }
        totalBlocks += totalBlocksCount;
        filledBlocks += filledBlocksCount;
        return true;
    });

    return error ? LoadingProgress{error, error} : LoadingProgress{filledBlocks, totalBlocks};
}

bool IncrementalService::updateLoadingProgress(StorageId storage,
                                               StorageLoadingProgressListener&& progressListener) {
    const auto progress = getLoadingProgress(storage);
    if (progress.isError()) {
        // Failed to get progress from incfs, abort.
        return false;
    }
    progressListener->onStorageLoadingProgressChanged(storage, progress.getProgress());
    if (progress.fullyLoaded()) {
        // Stop updating progress once it is fully loaded
        return true;
    }
    addTimedJob(*mProgressUpdateJobQueue, storage,
                Constants::progressUpdateInterval /* repeat after 1s */,
                [storage, progressListener = std::move(progressListener), this]() mutable {
                    updateLoadingProgress(storage, std::move(progressListener));
                });
    return true;
}

bool IncrementalService::registerLoadingProgressListener(
        StorageId storage, StorageLoadingProgressListener progressListener) {
    return updateLoadingProgress(storage, std::move(progressListener));
}

bool IncrementalService::unregisterLoadingProgressListener(StorageId storage) {
    return removeTimedJobs(*mProgressUpdateJobQueue, storage);
}

bool IncrementalService::registerStorageHealthListener(
        StorageId storage, const StorageHealthCheckParams& healthCheckParams,
        StorageHealthListener healthListener) {
    DataLoaderStubPtr dataLoaderStub;
    {
        const auto& ifs = getIfs(storage);
        if (!ifs) {
            return false;
        }
        std::unique_lock l(ifs->lock);
        dataLoaderStub = ifs->dataLoaderStub;
        if (!dataLoaderStub) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    dataLoaderStub->setHealthListener(healthCheckParams, std::move(healthListener));
    return true;
}

void IncrementalService::unregisterStorageHealthListener(StorageId storage) {
    registerStorageHealthListener(storage, {}, {});
}

bool IncrementalService::perfLoggingEnabled() {
    static const bool enabled = base::GetBoolProperty("incremental.perflogging", false);
    return enabled;
}

void IncrementalService::runJobProcessing() {
    for (;;) {
        std::unique_lock lock(mJobMutex);
        mJobCondition.wait(lock, [this]() { return !mRunning || !mJobQueue.empty(); });
        if (!mRunning) {
            return;
        }

        auto it = mJobQueue.begin();
        mPendingJobsMount = it->first;
        auto queue = std::move(it->second);
        mJobQueue.erase(it);
        lock.unlock();

        for (auto&& job : queue) {
            job();
        }

        lock.lock();
        mPendingJobsMount = kInvalidStorageId;
        lock.unlock();
        mJobCondition.notify_all();
    }
}

void IncrementalService::registerAppOpsCallback(const std::string& packageName) {
    sp<IAppOpsCallback> listener;
    {
        std::unique_lock lock{mCallbacksLock};
        auto& cb = mCallbackRegistered[packageName];
        if (cb) {
            return;
        }
        cb = new AppOpsListener(*this, packageName);
        listener = cb;
    }

    mAppOpsManager->startWatchingMode(AppOpsManager::OP_GET_USAGE_STATS,
                                      String16(packageName.c_str()), listener);
}

bool IncrementalService::unregisterAppOpsCallback(const std::string& packageName) {
    sp<IAppOpsCallback> listener;
    {
        std::unique_lock lock{mCallbacksLock};
        auto found = mCallbackRegistered.find(packageName);
        if (found == mCallbackRegistered.end()) {
            return false;
        }
        listener = found->second;
        mCallbackRegistered.erase(found);
    }

    mAppOpsManager->stopWatchingMode(listener);
    return true;
}

void IncrementalService::onAppOpChanged(const std::string& packageName) {
    if (!unregisterAppOpsCallback(packageName)) {
        return;
    }

    std::vector<IfsMountPtr> affected;
    {
        std::lock_guard l(mLock);
        affected.reserve(mMounts.size());
        for (auto&& [id, ifs] : mMounts) {
            std::unique_lock ll(ifs->lock);

            if (ifs->mountId == id && ifs->dataLoaderStub &&
                ifs->dataLoaderStub->params().packageName == packageName) {
                affected.push_back(ifs);
            }
        }
    }
    for (auto&& ifs : affected) {
        applyStorageParamsLocked(*ifs, /*enableReadLogs=*/false);
    }
}

bool IncrementalService::addTimedJob(TimedQueueWrapper& timedQueue, MountId id, Milliseconds after,
                                     Job what) {
    if (id == kInvalidStorageId) {
        return false;
    }
    timedQueue.addJob(id, after, std::move(what));
    return true;
}

bool IncrementalService::removeTimedJobs(TimedQueueWrapper& timedQueue, MountId id) {
    if (id == kInvalidStorageId) {
        return false;
    }
    timedQueue.removeJobs(id);
    return true;
}

void IncrementalService::addIfsStateCallback(StorageId storageId, IfsStateCallback callback) {
    bool wasEmpty;
    {
        std::lock_guard l(mIfsStateCallbacksLock);
        wasEmpty = mIfsStateCallbacks.empty();
        mIfsStateCallbacks[storageId].emplace_back(std::move(callback));
    }
    if (wasEmpty) {
        addTimedJob(*mTimedQueue, kMaxStorageId, Constants::progressUpdateInterval,
                    [this]() { processIfsStateCallbacks(); });
    }
}

void IncrementalService::processIfsStateCallbacks() {
    StorageId storageId = kInvalidStorageId;
    std::vector<IfsStateCallback> local;
    while (true) {
        {
            std::lock_guard l(mIfsStateCallbacksLock);
            if (mIfsStateCallbacks.empty()) {
                return;
            }
            IfsStateCallbacks::iterator it;
            if (storageId == kInvalidStorageId) {
                // First entry, initialize the it.
                it = mIfsStateCallbacks.begin();
            } else {
                // Subsequent entries, update the storageId, and shift to the new one.
                it = mIfsStateCallbacks.find(storageId);
                if (it == mIfsStateCallbacks.end()) {
                    // Was removed while processing, too bad.
                    break;
                }

                auto& callbacks = it->second;
                if (callbacks.empty()) {
                    std::swap(callbacks, local);
                } else {
                    callbacks.insert(callbacks.end(), local.begin(), local.end());
                }
                if (callbacks.empty()) {
                    it = mIfsStateCallbacks.erase(it);
                    if (mIfsStateCallbacks.empty()) {
                        return;
                    }
                } else {
                    ++it;
                }
            }

            if (it == mIfsStateCallbacks.end()) {
                break;
            }

            storageId = it->first;
            auto& callbacks = it->second;
            if (callbacks.empty()) {
                // Invalid case, one extra lookup should be ok.
                continue;
            }
            std::swap(callbacks, local);
        }

        processIfsStateCallbacks(storageId, local);
    }

    addTimedJob(*mTimedQueue, kMaxStorageId, Constants::progressUpdateInterval,
                [this]() { processIfsStateCallbacks(); });
}

void IncrementalService::processIfsStateCallbacks(StorageId storageId,
                                                  std::vector<IfsStateCallback>& callbacks) {
    const auto state = isMountFullyLoaded(storageId);
    IfsState storageState = {};
    storageState.error = int(state) < 0;
    storageState.fullyLoaded = state == incfs::LoadingState::Full;
    if (storageState.fullyLoaded) {
        const auto ifs = getIfs(storageId);
        storageState.readLogsEnabled = ifs && ifs->readLogsEnabled();
    }

    for (auto cur = callbacks.begin(); cur != callbacks.end();) {
        if ((*cur)(storageId, storageState)) {
            ++cur;
        } else {
            cur = callbacks.erase(cur);
        }
    }
}

void IncrementalService::removeIfsStateCallbacks(StorageId storageId) {
    std::lock_guard l(mIfsStateCallbacksLock);
    mIfsStateCallbacks.erase(storageId);
}

void IncrementalService::getMetrics(StorageId storageId, android::os::PersistableBundle* result) {
    const auto duration = getMillsSinceOldestPendingRead(storageId);
    if (duration >= 0) {
        const auto kMetricsMillisSinceOldestPendingRead =
                os::incremental::BnIncrementalService::METRICS_MILLIS_SINCE_OLDEST_PENDING_READ();
        result->putLong(String16(kMetricsMillisSinceOldestPendingRead.data()), duration);
    }
}

long IncrementalService::getMillsSinceOldestPendingRead(StorageId storageId) {
    const auto ifs = getIfs(storageId);
    if (!ifs) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "getMillsSinceOldestPendingRead failed, invalid storageId: " << storageId;
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    std::unique_lock l(ifs->lock);
    if (!ifs->dataLoaderStub) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "getMillsSinceOldestPendingRead failed, no data loader: " << storageId;
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    return ifs->dataLoaderStub->elapsedMsSinceOldestPendingRead();
}

IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::DataLoaderStub(
        IncrementalService& service, MountId id, DataLoaderParamsParcel&& params,
        FileSystemControlParcel&& control, DataLoaderStatusListener&& statusListener,
        const StorageHealthCheckParams& healthCheckParams, StorageHealthListener&& healthListener,
        std::string&& healthPath)
      : mService(service),
        mId(id),
        mParams(std::move(params)),
        mControl(std::move(control)),
        mStatusListener(std::move(statusListener)),
        mHealthListener(std::move(healthListener)),
        mHealthPath(std::move(healthPath)),
        mHealthCheckParams(healthCheckParams) {
    if (mHealthListener && !isHealthParamsValid()) {
        mHealthListener = {};
    }
    if (!mHealthListener) {
        // Disable advanced health check statuses.
        mHealthCheckParams.blockedTimeoutMs = -1;
    }
    updateHealthStatus();
}

IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::~DataLoaderStub() {
    if (isValid()) {
        cleanupResources();
    }
}

void IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::cleanupResources() {
    auto now = Clock::now();
    {
        std::unique_lock lock(mMutex);
        mHealthPath.clear();
        unregisterFromPendingReads();
        resetHealthControl();
        mService.removeTimedJobs(*mService.mTimedQueue, mId);
    }
    mService.removeIfsStateCallbacks(mId);

    requestDestroy();

    {
        std::unique_lock lock(mMutex);
        mParams = {};
        mControl = {};
        mHealthControl = {};
        mHealthListener = {};
        mStatusCondition.wait_until(lock, now + 60s, [this] {
            return mCurrentStatus == IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_DESTROYED;
        });
        mStatusListener = {};
        mId = kInvalidStorageId;
    }
}

sp<content::pm::IDataLoader> IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::getDataLoader() {
    sp<IDataLoader> dataloader;
    auto status = mService.mDataLoaderManager->getDataLoader(id(), &dataloader);
    if (!status.isOk()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get dataloader: " << status.toString8();
        return {};
    }
    if (!dataloader) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "DataLoader is null: " << status.toString8();
        return {};
    }
    return dataloader;
}

bool IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::isSystemDataLoader() const {
    return (params().packageName == Constants::systemPackage);
}

bool IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::requestCreate() {
    return setTargetStatus(IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_CREATED);
}

bool IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::requestStart() {
    return setTargetStatus(IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_STARTED);
}

bool IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::requestDestroy() {
    return setTargetStatus(IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_DESTROYED);
}

bool IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::setTargetStatus(int newStatus) {
    {
        std::unique_lock lock(mMutex);
        setTargetStatusLocked(newStatus);
    }
    return fsmStep();
}

void IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::setTargetStatusLocked(int status) {
    auto oldStatus = mTargetStatus;
    mTargetStatus = status;
    mTargetStatusTs = Clock::now();
    LOG(DEBUG) << "Target status update for DataLoader " << id() << ": " << oldStatus << " -> "
               << status << " (current " << mCurrentStatus << ")";
}

std::optional<Milliseconds> IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::needToBind() {
    std::unique_lock lock(mMutex);

    const auto now = mService.mClock->now();
    const bool healthy = (mPreviousBindDelay == 0ms);

    if (mCurrentStatus == IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_BINDING &&
        now - mCurrentStatusTs <= Constants::bindingTimeout) {
        LOG(INFO) << "Binding still in progress. "
                  << (healthy ? "The DL is healthy/freshly bound, ok to retry for a few times."
                              : "Already unhealthy, don't do anything.");
        // Binding still in progress.
        if (!healthy) {
            // Already unhealthy, don't do anything.
            return {};
        }
        // The DL is healthy/freshly bound, ok to retry for a few times.
        if (now - mPreviousBindTs <= Constants::bindGracePeriod) {
            // Still within grace period.
            if (now - mCurrentStatusTs >= Constants::bindRetryInterval) {
                // Retry interval passed, retrying.
                mCurrentStatusTs = now;
                mPreviousBindDelay = 0ms;
                return 0ms;
            }
            return {};
        }
        // fallthrough, mark as unhealthy, and retry with delay
    }

    const auto previousBindTs = mPreviousBindTs;
    mPreviousBindTs = now;

    const auto nonCrashingInterval = std::max(castToMs(now - previousBindTs), 100ms);
    if (previousBindTs.time_since_epoch() == Clock::duration::zero() ||
        nonCrashingInterval > Constants::healthyDataLoaderUptime) {
        mPreviousBindDelay = 0ms;
        return 0ms;
    }

    constexpr auto minBindDelayMs = castToMs(Constants::minBindDelay);
    constexpr auto maxBindDelayMs = castToMs(Constants::maxBindDelay);

    const auto bindDelayMs =
            std::min(std::max(mPreviousBindDelay * Constants::bindDelayMultiplier, minBindDelayMs),
                     maxBindDelayMs)
                    .count();
    const auto bindDelayJitterRangeMs = bindDelayMs / Constants::bindDelayJitterDivider;
    const auto bindDelayJitterMs = rand() % (bindDelayJitterRangeMs * 2) - bindDelayJitterRangeMs;
    mPreviousBindDelay = std::chrono::milliseconds(bindDelayMs + bindDelayJitterMs);
    return mPreviousBindDelay;
}

bool IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::bind() {
    const auto maybeBindDelay = needToBind();
    if (!maybeBindDelay) {
        LOG(DEBUG) << "Skipping bind to " << mParams.packageName << " because of pending bind.";
        return true;
    }
    const auto bindDelay = *maybeBindDelay;
    if (bindDelay > 1s) {
        LOG(INFO) << "Delaying bind to " << mParams.packageName << " by "
                  << bindDelay.count() / 1000 << "s";
    }

    bool result = false;
    auto status = mService.mDataLoaderManager->bindToDataLoader(id(), mParams, bindDelay.count(),
                                                                this, &result);
    if (!status.isOk() || !result) {
        const bool healthy = (bindDelay == 0ms);
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to bind a data loader for mount " << id()
                   << (healthy ? ", retrying." : "");

        // Internal error, retry for healthy/new DLs.
        // Let needToBind migrate it to unhealthy after too many retries.
        if (healthy) {
            if (mService.addTimedJob(*mService.mTimedQueue, id(), Constants::bindRetryInterval,
                                     [this]() { fsmStep(); })) {
                // Mark as binding so that we know it's not the DL's fault.
                setCurrentStatus(IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_BINDING);
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

bool IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::create() {
    auto dataloader = getDataLoader();
    if (!dataloader) {
        return false;
    }
    auto status = dataloader->create(id(), mParams, mControl, this);
    if (!status.isOk()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create DataLoader: " << status.toString8();
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

bool IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::start() {
    auto dataloader = getDataLoader();
    if (!dataloader) {
        return false;
    }
    auto status = dataloader->start(id());
    if (!status.isOk()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to start DataLoader: " << status.toString8();
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

bool IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::destroy() {
    return mService.mDataLoaderManager->unbindFromDataLoader(id()).isOk();
}

bool IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::fsmStep() {
    if (!isValid()) {
        return false;
    }

    int currentStatus;
    int targetStatus;
    {
        std::unique_lock lock(mMutex);
        currentStatus = mCurrentStatus;
        targetStatus = mTargetStatus;
    }

    LOG(DEBUG) << "fsmStep: " << id() << ": " << currentStatus << " -> " << targetStatus;

    if (currentStatus == targetStatus) {
        return true;
    }

    switch (targetStatus) {
        case IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_UNAVAILABLE:
            // Do nothing, this is a reset state.
            break;
        case IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_DESTROYED: {
            switch (currentStatus) {
                case IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_BINDING:
                    setCurrentStatus(IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_DESTROYED);
                    return true;
                default:
                    return destroy();
            }
            break;
        }
        case IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_STARTED: {
            switch (currentStatus) {
                case IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_CREATED:
                case IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_STOPPED:
                    return start();
            }
            [[fallthrough]];
        }
        case IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_CREATED:
            switch (currentStatus) {
                case IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_DESTROYED:
                case IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_UNAVAILABLE:
                case IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_BINDING:
                    return bind();
                case IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_BOUND:
                    return create();
            }
            break;
        default:
            LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid target status: " << targetStatus
                       << ", current status: " << currentStatus;
            break;
    }
    return false;
}

binder::Status IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::onStatusChanged(MountId mountId, int newStatus) {
    if (!isValid()) {
        return binder::Status::
                fromServiceSpecificError(-EINVAL, "onStatusChange came to invalid DataLoaderStub");
    }
    if (id() != mountId) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "onStatusChanged: mount ID mismatch: expected " << id()
                   << ", but got: " << mountId;
        return binder::Status::fromServiceSpecificError(-EPERM, "Mount ID mismatch.");
    }
    if (newStatus == IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_UNRECOVERABLE) {
        // User-provided status, let's postpone the handling to avoid possible deadlocks.
        mService.addTimedJob(*mService.mTimedQueue, id(), Constants::userStatusDelay,
                             [this, newStatus]() { setCurrentStatus(newStatus); });
        return binder::Status::ok();
    }

    setCurrentStatus(newStatus);
    return binder::Status::ok();
}

void IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::setCurrentStatus(int newStatus) {
    int targetStatus, oldStatus;
    DataLoaderStatusListener listener;
    {
        std::unique_lock lock(mMutex);
        if (mCurrentStatus == newStatus) {
            return;
        }

        oldStatus = mCurrentStatus;
        targetStatus = mTargetStatus;
        listener = mStatusListener;

        // Change the status.
        mCurrentStatus = newStatus;
        mCurrentStatusTs = mService.mClock->now();

        if (mCurrentStatus == IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_UNAVAILABLE ||
            mCurrentStatus == IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_UNRECOVERABLE) {
            // For unavailable, unbind from DataLoader to ensure proper re-commit.
            setTargetStatusLocked(IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_DESTROYED);
        }
    }

    LOG(DEBUG) << "Current status update for DataLoader " << id() << ": " << oldStatus << " -> "
               << newStatus << " (target " << targetStatus << ")";

    if (listener) {
        listener->onStatusChanged(id(), newStatus);
    }

    fsmStep();

    mStatusCondition.notify_all();
}

binder::Status IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::reportStreamHealth(MountId mountId,
                                                                      int newStatus) {
    if (!isValid()) {
        return binder::Status::
                fromServiceSpecificError(-EINVAL,
                                         "reportStreamHealth came to invalid DataLoaderStub");
    }
    if (id() != mountId) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "reportStreamHealth: mount ID mismatch: expected " << id()
                   << ", but got: " << mountId;
        return binder::Status::fromServiceSpecificError(-EPERM, "Mount ID mismatch.");
    }
    {
        std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
        mStreamStatus = newStatus;
    }
    return binder::Status::ok();
}

bool IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::isHealthParamsValid() const {
    return mHealthCheckParams.blockedTimeoutMs > 0 &&
            mHealthCheckParams.blockedTimeoutMs < mHealthCheckParams.unhealthyTimeoutMs;
}

void IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::onHealthStatus(const StorageHealthListener& healthListener,
                                                        int healthStatus) {
    LOG(DEBUG) << id() << ": healthStatus: " << healthStatus;
    if (healthListener) {
        healthListener->onHealthStatus(id(), healthStatus);
    }
}

static int adjustHealthStatus(int healthStatus, int streamStatus) {
    if (healthStatus == IStorageHealthListener::HEALTH_STATUS_OK) {
        // everything is good; no need to change status
        return healthStatus;
    }
    int newHeathStatus = healthStatus;
    switch (streamStatus) {
        case IDataLoaderStatusListener::STREAM_STORAGE_ERROR:
            // storage is limited and storage not healthy
            newHeathStatus = IStorageHealthListener::HEALTH_STATUS_UNHEALTHY_STORAGE;
            break;
        case IDataLoaderStatusListener::STREAM_INTEGRITY_ERROR:
            // fall through
        case IDataLoaderStatusListener::STREAM_SOURCE_ERROR:
            // fall through
        case IDataLoaderStatusListener::STREAM_TRANSPORT_ERROR:
            if (healthStatus == IStorageHealthListener::HEALTH_STATUS_UNHEALTHY) {
                newHeathStatus = IStorageHealthListener::HEALTH_STATUS_UNHEALTHY_TRANSPORT;
            }
            // pending/blocked status due to transportation issues is not regarded as unhealthy
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
    return newHeathStatus;
}

void IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::updateHealthStatus(bool baseline) {
    LOG(DEBUG) << id() << ": updateHealthStatus" << (baseline ? " (baseline)" : "");

    int healthStatusToReport = -1;
    StorageHealthListener healthListener;

    {
        std::unique_lock lock(mMutex);
        unregisterFromPendingReads();

        healthListener = mHealthListener;

        // Healthcheck depends on timestamp of the oldest pending read.
        // To get it, we need to re-open a pendingReads FD to get a full list of reads.
        // Additionally we need to re-register for epoll with fresh FDs in case there are no
        // reads.
        const auto now = Clock::now();
        const auto kernelTsUs = getOldestPendingReadTs();
        if (baseline) {
            // Updating baseline only on looper/epoll callback, i.e. on new set of pending
            // reads.
            mHealthBase = {now, kernelTsUs};
        }

        if (kernelTsUs == kMaxBootClockTsUs || mHealthBase.kernelTsUs == kMaxBootClockTsUs ||
            mHealthBase.userTs > now) {
            LOG(DEBUG) << id() << ": No pending reads or invalid base, report Ok and wait.";
            registerForPendingReads();
            healthStatusToReport = IStorageHealthListener::HEALTH_STATUS_OK;
            lock.unlock();
            onHealthStatus(healthListener, healthStatusToReport);
            return;
        }

        resetHealthControl();

        // Always make sure the data loader is started.
        setTargetStatusLocked(IDataLoaderStatusListener::DATA_LOADER_STARTED);

        // Skip any further processing if health check params are invalid.
        if (!isHealthParamsValid()) {
            LOG(DEBUG) << id()
                       << ": Skip any further processing if health check params are invalid.";
            healthStatusToReport = IStorageHealthListener::HEALTH_STATUS_READS_PENDING;
            lock.unlock();
            onHealthStatus(healthListener, healthStatusToReport);
            // Triggering data loader start. This is a one-time action.
            fsmStep();
            return;
        }

        // Don't schedule timer job less than 500ms in advance.
        static constexpr auto kTolerance = 500ms;

        const auto blockedTimeout = std::chrono::milliseconds(mHealthCheckParams.blockedTimeoutMs);
        const auto unhealthyTimeout =
                std::chrono::milliseconds(mHealthCheckParams.unhealthyTimeoutMs);
        const auto unhealthyMonitoring =
                std::max(1000ms,
                         std::chrono::milliseconds(mHealthCheckParams.unhealthyMonitoringMs));

        const auto delta = elapsedMsSinceKernelTs(now, kernelTsUs);

        Milliseconds checkBackAfter;
        if (delta + kTolerance < blockedTimeout) {
            LOG(DEBUG) << id() << ": Report reads pending and wait for blocked status.";
            checkBackAfter = blockedTimeout - delta;
            healthStatusToReport = IStorageHealthListener::HEALTH_STATUS_READS_PENDING;
        } else if (delta + kTolerance < unhealthyTimeout) {
            LOG(DEBUG) << id() << ": Report blocked and wait for unhealthy.";
            checkBackAfter = unhealthyTimeout - delta;
            healthStatusToReport = IStorageHealthListener::HEALTH_STATUS_BLOCKED;
        } else {
            LOG(DEBUG) << id() << ": Report unhealthy and continue monitoring.";
            checkBackAfter = unhealthyMonitoring;
            healthStatusToReport = IStorageHealthListener::HEALTH_STATUS_UNHEALTHY;
        }
        // Adjust health status based on stream status
        healthStatusToReport = adjustHealthStatus(healthStatusToReport, mStreamStatus);
        LOG(DEBUG) << id() << ": updateHealthStatus in " << double(checkBackAfter.count()) / 1000.0
                   << "secs";
        mService.addTimedJob(*mService.mTimedQueue, id(), checkBackAfter,
                             [this]() { updateHealthStatus(); });
    }

    // With kTolerance we are expecting these to execute before the next update.
    if (healthStatusToReport != -1) {
        onHealthStatus(healthListener, healthStatusToReport);
    }

    fsmStep();
}

Milliseconds IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::elapsedMsSinceKernelTs(TimePoint now,
                                                                        BootClockTsUs kernelTsUs) {
    const auto kernelDeltaUs = kernelTsUs - mHealthBase.kernelTsUs;
    const auto userTs = mHealthBase.userTs + std::chrono::microseconds(kernelDeltaUs);
    return std::chrono::duration_cast<Milliseconds>(now - userTs);
}

const incfs::UniqueControl& IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::initializeHealthControl() {
    if (mHealthPath.empty()) {
        resetHealthControl();
        return mHealthControl;
    }
    if (mHealthControl.pendingReads() < 0) {
        mHealthControl = mService.mIncFs->openMount(mHealthPath);
    }
    if (mHealthControl.pendingReads() < 0) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open health control for: " << id() << ", path: " << mHealthPath
                   << "(" << mHealthControl.cmd() << ":" << mHealthControl.pendingReads() << ":"
                   << mHealthControl.logs() << ")";
    }
    return mHealthControl;
}

void IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::resetHealthControl() {
    mHealthControl = {};
}

BootClockTsUs IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::getOldestPendingReadTs() {
    auto result = kMaxBootClockTsUs;

    const auto& control = initializeHealthControl();
    if (control.pendingReads() < 0) {
        return result;
    }

    if (mService.mIncFs->waitForPendingReads(control, 0ms, &mLastPendingReads) !=
                android::incfs::WaitResult::HaveData ||
        mLastPendingReads.empty()) {
        // Clear previous pending reads
        mLastPendingReads.clear();
        return result;
    }

    LOG(DEBUG) << id() << ": pendingReads: " << control.pendingReads() << ", "
               << mLastPendingReads.size() << ": " << mLastPendingReads.front().bootClockTsUs;

    return getOldestTsFromLastPendingReads();
}

void IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::registerForPendingReads() {
    const auto pendingReadsFd = mHealthControl.pendingReads();
    if (pendingReadsFd < 0) {
        return;
    }

    LOG(DEBUG) << id() << ": addFd(pendingReadsFd): " << pendingReadsFd;

    mService.mLooper->addFd(
            pendingReadsFd, android::Looper::POLL_CALLBACK, android::Looper::EVENT_INPUT,
            [](int, int, void* data) -> int {
                auto self = (DataLoaderStub*)data;
                self->updateHealthStatus(/*baseline=*/true);
                return 0;
            },
            this);
    mService.mLooper->wake();
}

BootClockTsUs IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::getOldestTsFromLastPendingReads() {
    auto result = kMaxBootClockTsUs;
    for (auto&& pendingRead : mLastPendingReads) {
        result = std::min(result, pendingRead.bootClockTsUs);
    }
    return result;
}

long IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::elapsedMsSinceOldestPendingRead() {
    const auto oldestPendingReadKernelTs = getOldestTsFromLastPendingReads();
    if (oldestPendingReadKernelTs == kMaxBootClockTsUs) {
        return 0;
    }
    return elapsedMsSinceKernelTs(Clock::now(), oldestPendingReadKernelTs).count();
}

void IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::unregisterFromPendingReads() {
    const auto pendingReadsFd = mHealthControl.pendingReads();
    if (pendingReadsFd < 0) {
        return;
    }

    LOG(DEBUG) << id() << ": removeFd(pendingReadsFd): " << pendingReadsFd;

    mService.mLooper->removeFd(pendingReadsFd);
    mService.mLooper->wake();
}

void IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::setHealthListener(
        const StorageHealthCheckParams& healthCheckParams, StorageHealthListener&& healthListener) {
    std::lock_guard lock(mMutex);
    mHealthCheckParams = healthCheckParams;
    mHealthListener = std::move(healthListener);
    if (!mHealthListener) {
        mHealthCheckParams.blockedTimeoutMs = -1;
    }
}

static std::string toHexString(const RawMetadata& metadata) {
    int n = metadata.size();
    std::string res(n * 2, '\0');
    // Same as incfs::toString(fileId)
    static constexpr char kHexChar[] = "0123456789abcdef";
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        res[i * 2] = kHexChar[(metadata[i] & 0xf0) >> 4];
        res[i * 2 + 1] = kHexChar[(metadata[i] & 0x0f)];
    }
    return res;
}

void IncrementalService::DataLoaderStub::onDump(int fd) {
    dprintf(fd, "    dataLoader: {\n");
    dprintf(fd, "      currentStatus: %d\n", mCurrentStatus);
    dprintf(fd, "      currentStatusTs: %lldmcs\n",
            (long long)(elapsedMcs(mCurrentStatusTs, Clock::now())));
    dprintf(fd, "      targetStatus: %d\n", mTargetStatus);
    dprintf(fd, "      targetStatusTs: %lldmcs\n",
            (long long)(elapsedMcs(mTargetStatusTs, Clock::now())));
    dprintf(fd, "      health: {\n");
    dprintf(fd, "        path: %s\n", mHealthPath.c_str());
    dprintf(fd, "        base: %lldmcs (%lld)\n",
            (long long)(elapsedMcs(mHealthBase.userTs, Clock::now())),
            (long long)mHealthBase.kernelTsUs);
    dprintf(fd, "        blockedTimeoutMs: %d\n", int(mHealthCheckParams.blockedTimeoutMs));
    dprintf(fd, "        unhealthyTimeoutMs: %d\n", int(mHealthCheckParams.unhealthyTimeoutMs));
    dprintf(fd, "        unhealthyMonitoringMs: %d\n",
            int(mHealthCheckParams.unhealthyMonitoringMs));
    dprintf(fd, "        lastPendingReads: \n");
    const auto control = mService.mIncFs->openMount(mHealthPath);
    for (auto&& pendingRead : mLastPendingReads) {
        dprintf(fd, "          fileId: %s\n", IncFsWrapper::toString(pendingRead.id).c_str());
        const auto metadata = mService.mIncFs->getMetadata(control, pendingRead.id);
        dprintf(fd, "          metadataHex: %s\n", toHexString(metadata).c_str());
        dprintf(fd, "          blockIndex: %d\n", pendingRead.block);
        dprintf(fd, "          bootClockTsUs: %lld\n", (long long)pendingRead.bootClockTsUs);
    }
    dprintf(fd, "        bind: %llds ago (delay: %llds)\n",
            (long long)(elapsedMcs(mPreviousBindTs, Clock::now()) / 1000000),
            (long long)(mPreviousBindDelay.count() / 1000));
    dprintf(fd, "      }\n");
    const auto& params = mParams;
    dprintf(fd, "      dataLoaderParams: {\n");
    dprintf(fd, "        type: %s\n", toString(params.type).c_str());
    dprintf(fd, "        packageName: %s\n", params.packageName.c_str());
    dprintf(fd, "        className: %s\n", params.className.c_str());
    dprintf(fd, "        arguments: %s\n", params.arguments.c_str());
    dprintf(fd, "      }\n");
    dprintf(fd, "    }\n");
}

void IncrementalService::AppOpsListener::opChanged(int32_t, const String16&) {
    incrementalService.onAppOpChanged(packageName);
}

binder::Status IncrementalService::IncrementalServiceConnector::setStorageParams(
        bool enableReadLogs, int32_t* _aidl_return) {
    *_aidl_return = incrementalService.setStorageParams(storage, enableReadLogs);
    return binder::Status::ok();
}

FileId IncrementalService::idFromMetadata(std::span<const uint8_t> metadata) {
    return IncFs_FileIdFromMetadata({(const char*)metadata.data(), metadata.size()});
}

} // namespace android::incremental