| *textprop.txt* For Vim version 9.1. Last change: 2024 Sep 08 |
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| VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar |
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| |
| Displaying text with properties attached. *textprop* *text-properties* |
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| |
| 1. Introduction |text-prop-intro| |
| 2. Functions |text-prop-functions| |
| 3. When text changes |text-prop-changes| |
| |
| |
| {not able to use text properties when the |+textprop| feature was |
| disabled at compile time} |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 1. Introduction *text-prop-intro* |
| |
| Text properties can be attached to text in a buffer. They will move with the |
| text: If lines are deleted or inserted the properties move with the text they |
| are attached to. Also when inserting/deleting text in the line before the |
| text property. And when inserting/deleting text inside the text property, it |
| will increase/decrease in size. |
| |
| The main use for text properties is to highlight text. This can be seen as a |
| replacement for syntax highlighting. Instead of defining patterns to match |
| the text, the highlighting is set by a script, possibly using the output of an |
| external parser. This only needs to be done once, not every time when |
| redrawing the screen, thus can be much faster, after the initial cost of |
| attaching the text properties. |
| |
| Text properties can also be used for other purposes to identify text. For |
| example, add a text property on a function name, so that a search can be |
| defined to jump to the next/previous function. |
| |
| A text property is attached at a specific line and column, and has a specified |
| length. The property can span multiple lines. |
| |
| A text property has these fields: |
| "id" a number to be used as desired |
| "type" the name of a property type |
| |
| |
| Property Types ~ |
| *E971* |
| A text property normally has the name of a property type, which defines |
| how to highlight the text. The property type can have these entries: |
| "highlight" name of the highlight group to use |
| "combine" when omitted or TRUE the text property highlighting is |
| combined with any syntax highlighting; when FALSE the |
| text property highlighting replaces the syntax |
| highlighting |
| "priority" when properties overlap, the one with the highest |
| priority will be used. |
| "start_incl" when TRUE inserts at the start position will be |
| included in the text property |
| "end_incl" when TRUE inserts at the end position will be |
| included in the text property |
| |
| |
| Example ~ |
| |
| Suppose line 11 in a buffer has this text (excluding the indent): |
| |
| The number 123 is smaller than 4567. |
| |
| To highlight the numbers in this text: > |
| call prop_type_add('number', {'highlight': 'Constant'}) |
| call prop_add(11, 12, {'length': 3, 'type': 'number'}) |
| call prop_add(11, 32, {'length': 4, 'type': 'number'}) |
| |
| Try inserting or deleting lines above the text, you will see that the text |
| properties stick to the text, thus the line number is adjusted as needed. |
| |
| Setting "start_incl" and "end_incl" is useful when white space surrounds the |
| text, e.g. for a function name. Using false is useful when the text starts |
| and/or ends with a specific character, such as the quote surrounding a string. |
| |
| func FuncName(arg) ~ |
| ^^^^^^^^ property with start_incl and end_incl set |
| |
| var = "text"; ~ |
| ^^^^^^ property with start_incl and end_incl not set |
| |
| Nevertheless, when text is inserted or deleted the text may need to be parsed |
| and the text properties updated. But this can be done asynchronously. |
| |
| |
| Internal error *E967* |
| |
| If you see E967, please report the bug. You can do this at Github: |
| https://github.com/vim/vim/issues/new |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 2. Functions *text-prop-functions* |
| |
| Manipulating text property types: |
| |
| prop_type_add({name}, {props}) define a new property type |
| prop_type_change({name}, {props}) change an existing property type |
| prop_type_delete({name} [, {props}]) delete a property type |
| prop_type_get({name} [, {props}]) get property type values |
| prop_type_list([{props}]) get list of property types |
| |
| |
| Manipulating text properties: |
| |
| prop_add({lnum}, {col}, {props}) add a text property |
| prop_add_list({props}, [{item}, ...]) |
| add a text property at multiple |
| positions. |
| prop_clear({lnum} [, {lnum-end} [, {bufnr}]]) |
| remove all text properties |
| prop_find({props} [, {direction}]) search for a text property |
| prop_list({lnum} [, {props}]) text properties in {lnum} |
| prop_remove({props} [, {lnum} [, {lnum-end}]]) |
| remove a text property |
| |
| *text-prop-functions-details* |
| |
| *prop_add()* *E965* |
| prop_add({lnum}, {col}, {props}) |
| Attach a text property at position {lnum}, {col}. {col} is |
| counted in bytes, use one for the first column. |
| If {lnum} is invalid an error is given. *E966* |
| If {col} is invalid an error is given. *E964* |
| |
| {props} is a dictionary with these fields: |
| type name of the text property type |
| length length of text in bytes, can only be used |
| for a property that does not continue in |
| another line; can be zero |
| end_lnum line number for the end of text (inclusive) |
| end_col column just after the text; not used when |
| "length" is present; when {col} and "end_col" |
| are equal, and "end_lnum" is omitted or equal |
| to {lnum}, this is a zero-width text property |
| bufnr buffer to add the property to; when omitted |
| the current buffer is used |
| id user defined ID for the property; must be a |
| number, should be positive |E1510|; |
| when using "text" then "id" must not be |
| present and will be set automatically to a |
| negative number; otherwise zero is used |
| *E1305* |
| text text to be displayed before {col}, or |
| above/below the line if {col} is zero; prepend |
| and/or append spaces for padding with |
| highlighting; cannot be used with "length", |
| "end_lnum" and "end_col" |
| See |virtual-text| for more information. |
| *E1294* |
| text_align when "text" is present and {col} is zero; |
| specifies where to display the text: |
| after after the end of the line |
| right right aligned in the window (unless |
| the text wraps to the next screen |
| line) |
| below in the next screen line |
| above just above the line |
| When omitted "after" is used. Only one |
| "right" property can fit in each line, if |
| there are two or more these will go in a |
| separate line (still right aligned). |
| text_padding_left *E1296* |
| used when "text" is present and {col} is zero; |
| padding between the end of the text line |
| (leftmost column for "above" and "below") and |
| the virtual text, not highlighted |
| text_wrap when "text" is present and {col} is zero, |
| specifies what happens if the text doesn't |
| fit: |
| wrap wrap the text to the next line |
| truncate truncate the text to make it fit |
| When omitted "truncate" is used. |
| Note that this applies to the individual text |
| property, the 'wrap' option sets the overall |
| behavior |
| All fields except "type" are optional. |
| |
| It is an error when both "length" and "end_lnum" or "end_col" |
| are given. Either use "length" or "end_col" for a property |
| within one line, or use "end_lnum" and "end_col" for a |
| property that spans more than one line. |
| When neither "length" nor "end_col" are given the property |
| will be zero-width. That means it will move with the text, as |
| a kind of mark. One character will be highlighted, if the |
| type specifies highlighting. |
| The property can end exactly at the last character of the |
| text, or just after it. In the last case, if text is appended |
| to the line, the text property size will increase, also when |
| the property type does not have "end_incl" set. |
| |
| "type" will first be looked up in the buffer the property is |
| added to. When not found, the global property types are used. |
| If not found an error is given. |
| *virtual-text* |
| When "text" is used and the column is non-zero then this text |
| will be displayed at the specified start location of the text |
| property. The text of the buffer line will be shifted to make |
| room. This is called "virtual text". |
| When the column is zero the virtual text will appear above, |
| after or below the buffer text. The "text_align" and |
| "text_wrap" arguments determine how it is displayed. |
| To separate the virtual text from the buffer text prepend |
| and/or append spaces to the "text" field or use the |
| "text_padding_left" value. |
| |
| Make sure to use a highlight that makes clear to the user that |
| this is virtual text, otherwise it will be very confusing that |
| the text cannot be edited. When using "above" you need to |
| make clear this text belongs to the text line below it, when |
| using "below" you need to make sure it belongs to the text |
| line above it. |
| |
| The text will be displayed but it is not part of the actual |
| buffer line, the cursor cannot be placed on it. A mouse click |
| in the text will move the cursor to the first character after |
| the text, or the last character of the line. |
| Any Tab and other control character in the text will be |
| changed to a space (Rationale: otherwise the size of the text |
| is difficult to compute). |
| A negative "id" will be chosen and is returned. |
| |
| Before text properties with text were supported it was |
| possible to use a negative "id", even though this was very |
| rare. Now that negative "id"s are reserved for text |
| properties with text an error is given when using a negative |
| "id". When a text property with text already exists using a |
| negative "id" results in *E1293* . If a negative "id" was |
| used and later a text property with text is added results in |
| *E1339* . |
| |
| Can also be used as a |method|: > |
| GetLnum()->prop_add(col, props) |
| < |
| Return type: |Number| |
| |
| |
| prop_add_list({props}, [{item}, ...]) *prop_add_list()* |
| Similar to prop_add(), but attaches a text property at |
| multiple positions in a buffer. |
| |
| {props} is a dictionary with these fields: |
| bufnr buffer to add the property to; when omitted |
| the current buffer is used |
| id user defined ID for the property; must be a |
| number; when omitted zero is used |
| type name of the text property type |
| All fields except "type" are optional. |
| |
| The second argument is a List of items, where each {item} is a |
| list that specifies the starting and ending position of the |
| text: [{lnum}, {col}, {end-lnum}, {end-col}] |
| or: [{lnum}, {col}, {end-lnum}, {end-col}, {id}] |
| |
| The first two items {lnum} and {col} specify the starting |
| position of the text where the property will be attached. |
| The next two items {end-lnum} and {end-col} specify the |
| position just after the text. |
| An optional fifth item {id} can be used to give a different ID |
| to a property. When omitted the ID from {props} is used, |
| falling back to zero if none are present. |
| |
| It is not possible to add a text property with a "text" field |
| here. |
| |
| Example: > |
| call prop_add_list(#{type: 'MyProp', id: 2}, |
| \ [[1, 4, 1, 7], |
| \ [1, 15, 1, 20], |
| \ [2, 30, 3, 30]]) |
| < |
| Can also be used as a |method|: > |
| GetProp()->prop_add_list([[1, 1, 1, 2], [1, 4, 1, 8]]) |
| |
| |
| prop_clear({lnum} [, {lnum-end} [, {props}]]) *prop_clear()* |
| Remove all text properties from line {lnum}. |
| When {lnum-end} is given, remove all text properties from line |
| {lnum} to {lnum-end} (inclusive). |
| |
| When {props} contains a "bufnr" item use this buffer, |
| otherwise use the current buffer. |
| |
| Can also be used as a |method|: > |
| GetLnum()->prop_clear() |
| < |
| Return type: |Number| |
| |
| |
| prop_find({props} [, {direction}]) *prop_find()* |
| Search for a text property as specified with {props}: |
| id property with this ID |
| type property with this type name |
| both "id" and "type" must both match |
| bufnr buffer to search in; when present a |
| start position with "lnum" and "col" |
| must be given; when omitted the |
| current buffer is used |
| lnum start in this line (when omitted start |
| at the cursor) |
| col start at this column (when omitted |
| and "lnum" is given: use column 1, |
| otherwise start at the cursor) |
| skipstart do not look for a match at the start |
| position |
| |
| A property matches when either "id" or "type" matches. |
| {direction} can be "f" for forward and "b" for backward. When |
| omitted forward search is performed. |
| |
| If a match is found then a Dict is returned with the entries |
| as with prop_list(), and additionally an "lnum" entry. |
| If no match is found then an empty Dict is returned. |
| |
| Return type: dict<any> |
| |
| |
| prop_list({lnum} [, {props}]) *prop_list()* |
| Returns a List with all the text properties in line {lnum}. |
| |
| The following optional items are supported in {props}: |
| bufnr use this buffer instead of the current buffer |
| end_lnum return text properties in all the lines |
| between {lnum} and {end_lnum} (inclusive). |
| A negative value is used as an offset from the |
| last buffer line; -1 refers to the last buffer |
| line. |
| types List of property type names. Return only text |
| properties that match one of the type names. |
| ids List of property identifiers. Return only text |
| properties with one of these identifiers. |
| |
| The properties are ordered by starting column and priority. |
| Each property is a Dict with these entries: |
| lnum starting line number. Present only when |
| returning text properties between {lnum} and |
| {end_lnum}. |
| col starting column |
| length length in bytes, one more if line break is |
| included |
| id property ID |
| text text to be displayed before {col}. Only |
| present for |virtual-text| properties. |
| text_align alignment property of |virtual-text|. |
| text_padding_left |
| left padding used for virtual text. |
| text_wrap specifies whether |virtual-text| is wrapped. |
| type name of the property type, omitted if |
| the type was deleted |
| type_bufnr buffer number for which this type was defined; |
| 0 if the type is global |
| start when TRUE property starts in this line |
| end when TRUE property ends in this line |
| |
| When "start" is zero the property started in a previous line, |
| the current one is a continuation. |
| When "end" is zero the property continues in the next line. |
| The line break after this line is included. |
| |
| Returns an empty list on error. |
| |
| Examples: |
| " get text properties placed in line 5 |
| echo prop_list(5) |
| " get text properties placed in line 20 in buffer 4 |
| echo prop_list(20, {'bufnr': 4}) |
| " get all the text properties between line 1 and 20 |
| echo prop_list(1, {'end_lnum': 20}) |
| " get all the text properties of type 'myprop' |
| echo prop_list(1, {'types': ['myprop'], |
| \ 'end_lnum': -1}) |
| " get all the text properties of type 'prop1' or 'prop2' |
| echo prop_list(1, {'types': ['prop1', 'prop2'], |
| \ 'end_lnum': -1}) |
| " get all the text properties with ID 8 |
| echo prop_list(1, {'ids': [8], 'end_lnum': line('$')}) |
| " get all the text properties with ID 10 and 20 |
| echo prop_list(1, {'ids': [10, 20], 'end_lnum': -1}) |
| " get text properties with type 'myprop' and ID 100 |
| " in buffer 4. |
| echo prop_list(1, {'bufnr': 4, 'types': ['myprop'], |
| \ 'ids': [100], 'end_lnum': -1}) |
| |
| Can also be used as a |method|: > |
| GetLnum()->prop_list() |
| < |
| Return type: list<dict<any>> or list<any> |
| |
| *prop_remove()* *E968* *E860* |
| prop_remove({props} [, {lnum} [, {lnum-end}]]) |
| Remove a matching text property from line {lnum}. When |
| {lnum-end} is given, remove matching text properties from line |
| {lnum} to {lnum-end} (inclusive). |
| When {lnum} is omitted remove matching text properties from |
| all lines (this requires going over all lines, thus will be a |
| bit slow for a buffer with many lines). |
| |
| {props} is a dictionary with these fields: |
| id remove text properties with this ID |
| type remove text properties with this type name |
| types remove text properties with type names in this |
| List |
| both "id" and "type"/"types" must both match |
| bufnr use this buffer instead of the current one |
| all when TRUE remove all matching text properties, |
| not just the first one |
| Only one of "type" and "types" may be supplied. *E1295* |
| |
| A property matches when either "id" or one of the supplied |
| types matches. |
| If buffer "bufnr" does not exist you get an error message. |
| If buffer "bufnr" is not loaded then nothing happens. |
| |
| Returns the number of properties that were removed. |
| |
| Can also be used as a |method|: > |
| GetProps()->prop_remove() |
| < |
| Return type: |Number| |
| |
| |
| prop_type_add({name}, {props}) *prop_type_add()* *E969* *E970* |
| Add a text property type {name}. If a property type with this |
| name already exists an error is given. Nothing is returned. |
| {props} is a dictionary with these optional fields: |
| bufnr define the property only for this buffer; this |
| avoids name collisions and automatically |
| clears the property types when the buffer is |
| deleted. |
| highlight name of highlight group to use |
| priority when a character has multiple text |
| properties the one with the highest priority |
| will be used; negative values can be used, the |
| default priority is zero |
| combine when omitted or TRUE combine the highlight |
| with any syntax highlight; when FALSE syntax |
| highlight will not be used |
| override when TRUE the highlight overrides any other, |
| including 'cursorline' and Visual |
| start_incl when TRUE inserts at the start position will |
| be included in the text property |
| end_incl when TRUE inserts at the end position will be |
| included in the text property |
| |
| Can also be used as a |method|: > |
| GetPropName()->prop_type_add(props) |
| < |
| Return type: |Number| |
| |
| |
| prop_type_change({name}, {props}) *prop_type_change()* |
| Change properties of an existing text property type. If a |
| property with this name does not exist an error is given. |
| The {props} argument is just like |prop_type_add()|. |
| |
| Can also be used as a |method|: > |
| GetPropName()->prop_type_change(props) |
| < |
| Return type: |Number| |
| |
| |
| prop_type_delete({name} [, {props}]) *prop_type_delete()* |
| Remove the text property type {name}. When text properties |
| using the type {name} are still in place, they will not have |
| an effect and can no longer be removed by name. |
| |
| {props} can contain a "bufnr" item. When it is given, delete |
| a property type from this buffer instead of from the global |
| property types. |
| |
| When text property type {name} is not found there is no error. |
| |
| Can also be used as a |method|: > |
| GetPropName()->prop_type_delete() |
| < |
| Return type: |Number| |
| |
| |
| prop_type_get({name} [, {props}]) *prop_type_get()* |
| Returns the properties of property type {name}. This is a |
| dictionary with the same fields as was given to |
| prop_type_add(). |
| When the property type {name} does not exist, an empty |
| dictionary is returned. |
| |
| {props} can contain a "bufnr" item. When it is given, use |
| this buffer instead of the global property types. |
| |
| Can also be used as a |method|: > |
| GetPropName()->prop_type_get() |
| < |
| Return type: dict<any> |
| |
| |
| prop_type_list([{props}]) *prop_type_list()* |
| Returns a list with all property type names. |
| |
| {props} can contain a "bufnr" item. When it is given, use |
| this buffer instead of the global property types. |
| |
| Return type: list<string> or list<any> |
| |
| |
| ============================================================================== |
| 3. When text changes *text-prop-changes* |
| |
| Vim will do its best to keep the text properties on the text where it was |
| attached. When inserting or deleting text the properties after the change |
| will move accordingly. |
| |
| When text is deleted and a text property no longer includes any text, it is |
| deleted. However, a text property that was defined as zero-width will remain, |
| unless the whole line is deleted. |
| *E275* |
| When a buffer is unloaded, all the text properties are gone. There is no way |
| to store the properties in a file. You can only re-create them. When a |
| buffer is hidden the text is preserved and so are the text properties. It is |
| not possible to add text properties to an unloaded buffer. |
| |
| When using replace mode, the text properties stay on the same character |
| positions, even though the characters themselves change. |
| |
| To update text properties after the text was changed, install a callback with |
| `listener_add()`. E.g, if your plugin does spell checking, you can have the |
| callback update spelling mistakes in the changed text. Vim will move the |
| properties below the changed text, so that they still highlight the same text, |
| thus you don't need to update these. |
| |
| *text-prop-cleared* |
| Text property columns are not updated or copied: ~ |
| |
| - When setting the line with |setline()| or through an interface, such as Lua, |
| Tcl or Python. Vim does not know what text got inserted or deleted. |
| - With a command like `:move`, which takes a line of text out of context. |
| |
| |
| vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl: |