tools/releasetools/ota_from_target_files

#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""
Given a target-files zipfile, produces an OTA package that installs
that build.  An incremental OTA is produced if -i is given, otherwise
a full OTA is produced.

Usage:  ota_from_target_files [flags] input_target_files output_ota_package

  -b  (--board_config)  <file>
      Specifies a BoardConfig.mk file containing image max sizes
      against which the generated image files are checked.

  -k  (--package_key)  <key>
      Key to use to sign the package (default is
      "build/target/product/security/testkey").

  -i  (--incremental_from)  <file>
      Generate an incremental OTA using the given target-files zip as
      the starting build.

  -w  (--wipe_user_data)
      Generate an OTA package that will wipe the user data partition
      when installed.

  -n  (--no_prereq)
      Omit the timestamp prereq check normally included at the top of
      the build scripts (used for developer OTA packages which
      legitimately need to go back and forth).

  -e  (--extra_script)  <file>
      Insert the contents of file at the end of the update script.

"""

import sys

if sys.hexversion < 0x02040000:
  print >> sys.stderr, "Python 2.4 or newer is required."
  sys.exit(1)

import copy
import os
import re
import sha
import subprocess
import tempfile
import time
import zipfile

import common

OPTIONS = common.OPTIONS
OPTIONS.package_key = "build/target/product/security/testkey"
OPTIONS.incremental_source = None
OPTIONS.require_verbatim = set()
OPTIONS.prohibit_verbatim = set(("system/build.prop",))
OPTIONS.patch_threshold = 0.95
OPTIONS.wipe_user_data = False
OPTIONS.omit_prereq = False
OPTIONS.extra_script = None

def MostPopularKey(d, default):
  """Given a dict, return the key corresponding to the largest
  value.  Returns 'default' if the dict is empty."""
  x = [(v, k) for (k, v) in d.iteritems()]
  if not x: return default
  x.sort()
  return x[-1][1]


def IsSymlink(info):
  """Return true if the zipfile.ZipInfo object passed in represents a
  symlink."""
  return (info.external_attr >> 16) == 0120777



class Item:
  """Items represent the metadata (user, group, mode) of files and
  directories in the system image."""
  ITEMS = {}
  def __init__(self, name, dir=False):
    self.name = name
    self.uid = None
    self.gid = None
    self.mode = None
    self.dir = dir

    if name:
      self.parent = Item.Get(os.path.dirname(name), dir=True)
      self.parent.children.append(self)
    else:
      self.parent = None
    if dir:
      self.children = []

  def Dump(self, indent=0):
    if self.uid is not None:
      print "%s%s %d %d %o" % ("  "*indent, self.name, self.uid, self.gid, self.mode)
    else:
      print "%s%s %s %s %s" % ("  "*indent, self.name, self.uid, self.gid, self.mode)
    if self.dir:
      print "%s%s" % ("  "*indent, self.descendants)
      print "%s%s" % ("  "*indent, self.best_subtree)
      for i in self.children:
        i.Dump(indent=indent+1)

  @classmethod
  def Get(cls, name, dir=False):
    if name not in cls.ITEMS:
      cls.ITEMS[name] = Item(name, dir=dir)
    return cls.ITEMS[name]

  @classmethod
  def GetMetadata(cls):
    """Run the external 'fs_config' program to determine the desired
    uid, gid, and mode for every Item object."""
    p = common.Run(["fs_config"], stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
                  stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    suffix = { False: "", True: "/" }
    input = "".join(["%s%s\n" % (i.name, suffix[i.dir])
                     for i in cls.ITEMS.itervalues() if i.name])
    output, error = p.communicate(input)
    assert not error

    for line in output.split("\n"):
      if not line: continue
      name, uid, gid, mode = line.split()
      i = cls.ITEMS[name]
      i.uid = int(uid)
      i.gid = int(gid)
      i.mode = int(mode, 8)
      if i.dir:
        i.children.sort(key=lambda i: i.name)

  def CountChildMetadata(self):
    """Count up the (uid, gid, mode) tuples for all children and
    determine the best strategy for using set_perm_recursive and
    set_perm to correctly chown/chmod all the files to their desired
    values.  Recursively calls itself for all descendants.

    Returns a dict of {(uid, gid, dmode, fmode): count} counting up
    all descendants of this node.  (dmode or fmode may be None.)  Also
    sets the best_subtree of each directory Item to the (uid, gid,
    dmode, fmode) tuple that will match the most descendants of that
    Item.
    """

    assert self.dir
    d = self.descendants = {(self.uid, self.gid, self.mode, None): 1}
    for i in self.children:
      if i.dir:
        for k, v in i.CountChildMetadata().iteritems():
          d[k] = d.get(k, 0) + v
      else:
        k = (i.uid, i.gid, None, i.mode)
        d[k] = d.get(k, 0) + 1

    # Find the (uid, gid, dmode, fmode) tuple that matches the most
    # descendants.

    # First, find the (uid, gid) pair that matches the most
    # descendants.
    ug = {}
    for (uid, gid, _, _), count in d.iteritems():
      ug[(uid, gid)] = ug.get((uid, gid), 0) + count
    ug = MostPopularKey(ug, (0, 0))

    # Now find the dmode and fmode that match the most descendants
    # with that (uid, gid), and choose those.
    best_dmode = (0, 0755)
    best_fmode = (0, 0644)
    for k, count in d.iteritems():
      if k[:2] != ug: continue
      if k[2] is not None and count >= best_dmode[0]: best_dmode = (count, k[2])
      if k[3] is not None and count >= best_fmode[0]: best_fmode = (count, k[3])
    self.best_subtree = ug + (best_dmode[1], best_fmode[1])

    return d

  def SetPermissions(self, script, renamer=lambda x: x):
    """Append set_perm/set_perm_recursive commands to 'script' to
    set all permissions, users, and groups for the tree of files
    rooted at 'self'.  'renamer' turns the filenames stored in the
    tree of Items into the strings used in the script."""

    self.CountChildMetadata()

    def recurse(item, current):
      # current is the (uid, gid, dmode, fmode) tuple that the current
      # item (and all its children) have already been set to.  We only
      # need to issue set_perm/set_perm_recursive commands if we're
      # supposed to be something different.
      if item.dir:
        if current != item.best_subtree:
          script.append("set_perm_recursive %d %d 0%o 0%o %s" %
                        (item.best_subtree + (renamer(item.name),)))
          current = item.best_subtree

        if item.uid != current[0] or item.gid != current[1] or \
           item.mode != current[2]:
          script.append("set_perm %d %d 0%o %s" %
                        (item.uid, item.gid, item.mode, renamer(item.name)))

        for i in item.children:
          recurse(i, current)
      else:
        if item.uid != current[0] or item.gid != current[1] or \
               item.mode != current[3]:
          script.append("set_perm %d %d 0%o %s" %
                        (item.uid, item.gid, item.mode, renamer(item.name)))

    recurse(self, (-1, -1, -1, -1))


def CopySystemFiles(input_zip, output_zip=None,
                    substitute=None):
  """Copies files underneath system/ in the input zip to the output
  zip.  Populates the Item class with their metadata, and returns a
  list of symlinks.  output_zip may be None, in which case the copy is
  skipped (but the other side effects still happen).  substitute is an
  optional dict of {output filename: contents} to be output instead of
  certain input files.
  """

  symlinks = []

  for info in input_zip.infolist():
    if info.filename.startswith("SYSTEM/"):
      basefilename = info.filename[7:]
      if IsSymlink(info):
        symlinks.append((input_zip.read(info.filename),
                         "SYSTEM:" + basefilename))
      else:
        info2 = copy.copy(info)
        fn = info2.filename = "system/" + basefilename
        if substitute and fn in substitute and substitute[fn] is None:
          continue
        if output_zip is not None:
          if substitute and fn in substitute:
            data = substitute[fn]
          else:
            data = input_zip.read(info.filename)
          output_zip.writestr(info2, data)
        if fn.endswith("/"):
          Item.Get(fn[:-1], dir=True)
        else:
          Item.Get(fn, dir=False)

  symlinks.sort()
  return symlinks


def AddScript(script, output_zip):
  now = time.localtime()
  i = zipfile.ZipInfo("META-INF/com/google/android/update-script",
                      (now.tm_year, now.tm_mon, now.tm_mday,
                       now.tm_hour, now.tm_min, now.tm_sec))
  output_zip.writestr(i, "\n".join(script) + "\n")


def SignOutput(temp_zip_name, output_zip_name):
  key_passwords = common.GetKeyPasswords([OPTIONS.package_key])
  pw = key_passwords[OPTIONS.package_key]

  common.SignFile(temp_zip_name, output_zip_name, OPTIONS.package_key, pw)


def SubstituteRoot(s):
  if s == "system": return "SYSTEM:"
  assert s.startswith("system/")
  return "SYSTEM:" + s[7:]

def FixPermissions(script):
  Item.GetMetadata()
  root = Item.Get("system")
  root.SetPermissions(script, renamer=SubstituteRoot)

def DeleteFiles(script, to_delete):
  line = []
  t = 0
  for i in to_delete:
    line.append(i)
    t += len(i) + 1
    if t > 80:
      script.append("delete " + " ".join(line))
      line = []
      t = 0
  if line:
    script.append("delete " + " ".join(line))

def AppendAssertions(script, input_zip):
  script.append('assert compatible_with("0.2") == "true"')

  device = GetBuildProp("ro.product.device", input_zip)
  script.append('assert getprop("ro.product.device") == "%s" || '
                'getprop("ro.build.product") == "%s"' % (device, device))

  info = input_zip.read("OTA/android-info.txt")
  m = re.search(r"require\s+version-bootloader\s*=\s*(\S+)", info)
  if not m:
    raise ExternalError("failed to find required bootloaders in "
                        "android-info.txt")
  bootloaders = m.group(1).split("|")
  script.append("assert " +
                " || ".join(['getprop("ro.bootloader") == "%s"' % (b,)
                             for b in bootloaders]))


def IncludeBinary(name, input_zip, output_zip, input_path=None):
  try:
    if input_path is not None:
      data = open(input_path).read()
    else:
      data = input_zip.read(os.path.join("OTA/bin", name))
    output_zip.writestr(name, data)
  except IOError:
    raise ExternalError('unable to include device binary "%s"' % (name,))


def WriteFullOTAPackage(input_zip, output_zip):
  script = []

  if not OPTIONS.omit_prereq:
    ts = GetBuildProp("ro.build.date.utc", input_zip)
    script.append("run_program PACKAGE:check_prereq %s" % (ts,))
    IncludeBinary("check_prereq", input_zip, output_zip)

  AppendAssertions(script, input_zip)

  script.append("format BOOT:")
  script.append("show_progress 0.1 0")

  output_zip.writestr("radio.img", input_zip.read("RADIO/image"))
  script.append("write_radio_image PACKAGE:radio.img")
  script.append("show_progress 0.5 0")

  if OPTIONS.wipe_user_data:
    script.append("format DATA:")

  script.append("format SYSTEM:")
  script.append("copy_dir PACKAGE:system SYSTEM:")

  symlinks = CopySystemFiles(input_zip, output_zip)
  script.extend(["symlink %s %s" % s for s in symlinks])

  common.BuildAndAddBootableImage(os.path.join(OPTIONS.input_tmp, "RECOVERY"),
                                  "system/recovery.img", output_zip)
  Item.Get("system/recovery.img", dir=False)

  FixPermissions(script)

  common.AddBoot(output_zip)
  script.append("show_progress 0.2 0")
  script.append("write_raw_image PACKAGE:boot.img BOOT:")
  script.append("show_progress 0.2 10")

  if OPTIONS.extra_script is not None:
    script.append(OPTIONS.extra_script)

  AddScript(script, output_zip)


class File(object):
  def __init__(self, name, data):
    self.name = name
    self.data = data
    self.size = len(data)
    self.sha1 = sha.sha(data).hexdigest()

  def WriteToTemp(self):
    t = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
    t.write(self.data)
    t.flush()
    return t

  def AddToZip(self, z):
    z.writestr(self.name, self.data)


def LoadSystemFiles(z):
  """Load all the files from SYSTEM/... in a given target-files
  ZipFile, and return a dict of {filename: File object}."""
  out = {}
  for info in z.infolist():
    if info.filename.startswith("SYSTEM/") and not IsSymlink(info):
      fn = "system/" + info.filename[7:]
      data = z.read(info.filename)
      out[fn] = File(fn, data)
  return out


def Difference(tf, sf, diff_program):
  """Return the patch (as a string of data) needed to turn sf into tf.
  diff_program is the name of an external program (or list, if
  additional arguments are desired) to run to generate the diff.
  """

  ttemp = tf.WriteToTemp()
  stemp = sf.WriteToTemp()

  ext = os.path.splitext(tf.name)[1]

  try:
    ptemp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
    if isinstance(diff_program, list):
      cmd = copy.copy(diff_program)
    else:
      cmd = [diff_program]
    cmd.append(stemp.name)
    cmd.append(ttemp.name)
    cmd.append(ptemp.name)
    p = common.Run(cmd)
    _, err = p.communicate()
    if err:
      raise ExternalError("failure running %s:\n%s\n" % (diff_program, err))
    diff = ptemp.read()
    ptemp.close()
  finally:
    stemp.close()
    ttemp.close()

  return diff


def GetBuildProp(property, z):
  """Return the fingerprint of the build of a given target-files
  ZipFile object."""
  bp = z.read("SYSTEM/build.prop")
  if not property:
    return bp
  m = re.search(re.escape(property) + r"=(.*)\n", bp)
  if not m:
    raise ExternalException("couldn't find %s in build.prop" % (property,))
  return m.group(1).strip()


def WriteIncrementalOTAPackage(target_zip, source_zip, output_zip):
  script = []

  print "Loading target..."
  target_data = LoadSystemFiles(target_zip)
  print "Loading source..."
  source_data = LoadSystemFiles(source_zip)

  verbatim_targets = []
  patch_list = []
  largest_source_size = 0
  for fn in sorted(target_data.keys()):
    tf = target_data[fn]
    sf = source_data.get(fn, None)

    if sf is None or fn in OPTIONS.require_verbatim:
      # This file should be included verbatim
      if fn in OPTIONS.prohibit_verbatim:
        raise ExternalError("\"%s\" must be sent verbatim" % (fn,))
      print "send", fn, "verbatim"
      tf.AddToZip(output_zip)
      verbatim_targets.append((fn, tf.size))
    elif tf.sha1 != sf.sha1:
      # File is different; consider sending as a patch
      diff_method = "bsdiff"
      if tf.name.endswith(".gz"):
        diff_method = "imgdiff"
      d = Difference(tf, sf, diff_method)
      print fn, tf.size, len(d), (float(len(d)) / tf.size)
      if len(d) > tf.size * OPTIONS.patch_threshold:
        # patch is almost as big as the file; don't bother patching
        tf.AddToZip(output_zip)
        verbatim_targets.append((fn, tf.size))
      else:
        output_zip.writestr("patch/" + fn + ".p", d)
        patch_list.append((fn, tf, sf, tf.size))
        largest_source_size = max(largest_source_size, sf.size)
    else:
      # Target file identical to source.
      pass

  total_verbatim_size = sum([i[1] for i in verbatim_targets])
  total_patched_size = sum([i[3] for i in patch_list])

  source_fp = GetBuildProp("ro.build.fingerprint", source_zip)
  target_fp = GetBuildProp("ro.build.fingerprint", target_zip)

  script.append(('assert file_contains("SYSTEM:build.prop", '
                 '"ro.build.fingerprint=%s") == "true" || '
                 'file_contains("SYSTEM:build.prop", '
                 '"ro.build.fingerprint=%s") == "true"') %
                (source_fp, target_fp))

  source_boot = common.BuildBootableImage(
      os.path.join(OPTIONS.source_tmp, "BOOT"))
  target_boot = common.BuildBootableImage(
      os.path.join(OPTIONS.target_tmp, "BOOT"))
  updating_boot = (source_boot != target_boot)

  source_recovery = File("system/recovery.img",
                         common.BuildBootableImage(
      os.path.join(OPTIONS.source_tmp, "RECOVERY")))
  target_recovery = File("system/recovery.img",
                         common.BuildBootableImage(
      os.path.join(OPTIONS.target_tmp, "RECOVERY")))
  updating_recovery = (source_recovery.data != target_recovery.data)

  source_radio = source_zip.read("RADIO/image")
  target_radio = target_zip.read("RADIO/image")
  updating_radio = (source_radio != target_radio)

  # The last 0.1 is reserved for creating symlinks, fixing
  # permissions, and writing the boot image (if necessary).
  progress_bar_total = 1.0
  if updating_boot:
    progress_bar_total -= 0.1
  if updating_radio:
    progress_bar_total -= 0.3

  AppendAssertions(script, target_zip)

  pb_verify = progress_bar_total * 0.3 * \
              (total_patched_size /
               float(total_patched_size+total_verbatim_size+1))

  for i, (fn, tf, sf, size) in enumerate(patch_list):
    if i % 5 == 0:
      next_sizes = sum([i[3] for i in patch_list[i:i+5]])
      script.append("show_progress %f 1" %
                    (next_sizes * pb_verify / (total_patched_size+1),))
    script.append("run_program PACKAGE:applypatch -c /%s %s %s" %
                  (fn, tf.sha1, sf.sha1))

  if patch_list:
    script.append("run_program PACKAGE:applypatch -s %d" %
                  (largest_source_size,))
    script.append("copy_dir PACKAGE:patch CACHE:../tmp/patchtmp")
    IncludeBinary("applypatch", target_zip, output_zip)

  if updating_recovery:
    d = Difference(target_recovery, source_recovery, "imgdiff")
    print "recovery  target: %d  source: %d  diff: %d" % (
        target_recovery.size, source_recovery.size, len(d))

    output_zip.writestr("patch/recovery.img.p", d)

    script.append(("run_program PACKAGE:applypatch -c "
                   "MTD:recovery:%d:%s:%d:%s") %
                  (source_recovery.size, source_recovery.sha1,
                   target_recovery.size, target_recovery.sha1))


  script.append("\n# ---- start making changes here\n")

  if OPTIONS.wipe_user_data:
    script.append("format DATA:")

  DeleteFiles(script, [SubstituteRoot(i[0]) for i in verbatim_targets])

  if updating_boot:
    script.append("format BOOT:")
    output_zip.writestr("boot.img", target_boot)
    print "boot image changed; including."
  else:
    print "boot image unchanged; skipping."

  if updating_recovery:
    # Produce /system/recovery.img by applying a patch to the current
    # contents of the recovery partition.
    script.append(("run_program PACKAGE:applypatch MTD:recovery:%d:%s:%d:%s "
                   "/system/recovery.img %s %d %s:/tmp/patchtmp/recovery.img.p")
                  % (source_recovery.size, source_recovery.sha1,
                     target_recovery.size, target_recovery.sha1,
                     target_recovery.sha1,
                     target_recovery.size,
                     source_recovery.sha1))
    print "recovery image changed; including."
  else:
    print "recovery image unchanged; skipping."

  if updating_radio:
    script.append("show_progress 0.3 10")
    script.append("write_radio_image PACKAGE:radio.img")
    output_zip.writestr("radio.img", target_radio)
    print "radio image changed; including."
  else:
    print "radio image unchanged; skipping."

  pb_apply = progress_bar_total * 0.7 * \
             (total_patched_size /
              float(total_patched_size+total_verbatim_size+1))
  for i, (fn, tf, sf, size) in enumerate(patch_list):
    if i % 5 == 0:
      next_sizes = sum([i[3] for i in patch_list[i:i+5]])
      script.append("show_progress %f 1" %
                    (next_sizes * pb_apply / (total_patched_size+1),))
    script.append(("run_program PACKAGE:applypatch "
                   "/%s - %s %d %s:/tmp/patchtmp/%s.p") %
                  (fn, tf.sha1, tf.size, sf.sha1, fn))

  target_symlinks = CopySystemFiles(target_zip, None)

  target_symlinks_d = dict([(i[1], i[0]) for i in target_symlinks])
  temp_script = []
  FixPermissions(temp_script)

  # Note that this call will mess up the tree of Items, so make sure
  # we're done with it.
  source_symlinks = CopySystemFiles(source_zip, None)
  source_symlinks_d = dict([(i[1], i[0]) for i in source_symlinks])

  # Delete all the symlinks in source that aren't in target.  This
  # needs to happen before verbatim files are unpacked, in case a
  # symlink in the source is replaced by a real file in the target.
  to_delete = []
  for dest, link in source_symlinks:
    if link not in target_symlinks_d:
      to_delete.append(link)
  DeleteFiles(script, to_delete)

  if verbatim_targets:
    pb_verbatim = progress_bar_total * \
                  (total_verbatim_size /
                   float(total_patched_size+total_verbatim_size+1))
    script.append("show_progress %f 5" % (pb_verbatim,))
    script.append("copy_dir PACKAGE:system SYSTEM:")

  # Create all the symlinks that don't already exist, or point to
  # somewhere different than what we want.  Delete each symlink before
  # creating it, since the 'symlink' command won't overwrite.
  to_create = []
  for dest, link in target_symlinks:
    if link in source_symlinks_d:
      if dest != source_symlinks_d[link]:
        to_create.append((dest, link))
    else:
      to_create.append((dest, link))
  DeleteFiles(script, [i[1] for i in to_create])
  script.extend(["symlink %s %s" % s for s in to_create])

  # Now that the symlinks are created, we can set all the
  # permissions.
  script.extend(temp_script)

  if updating_boot:
    script.append("show_progress 0.1 5")
    script.append("write_raw_image PACKAGE:boot.img BOOT:")

  if OPTIONS.extra_script is not None:
    script.append(OPTIONS.extra_script)

  AddScript(script, output_zip)


def main(argv):

  def option_handler(o, a):
    if o in ("-b", "--board_config"):
      common.LoadBoardConfig(a)
    elif o in ("-k", "--package_key"):
      OPTIONS.package_key = a
    elif o in ("-i", "--incremental_from"):
      OPTIONS.incremental_source = a
    elif o in ("-w", "--wipe_user_data"):
      OPTIONS.wipe_user_data = True
    elif o in ("-n", "--no_prereq"):
      OPTIONS.omit_prereq = True
    elif o in ("-e", "--extra_script"):
      OPTIONS.extra_script = a
    else:
      return False
    return True

  args = common.ParseOptions(argv, __doc__,
                             extra_opts="b:k:i:d:wne:",
                             extra_long_opts=["board_config=",
                                              "package_key=",
                                              "incremental_from=",
                                              "wipe_user_data",
                                              "no_prereq",
                                              "extra_script="],
                             extra_option_handler=option_handler)

  if len(args) != 2:
    common.Usage(__doc__)
    sys.exit(1)

  if not OPTIONS.max_image_size:
    print
    print "  WARNING:  No board config specified; will not check image"
    print "  sizes against limits.  Use -b to make sure the generated"
    print "  images don't exceed partition sizes."
    print

  if OPTIONS.extra_script is not None:
    OPTIONS.extra_script = open(OPTIONS.extra_script).read()

  print "unzipping target target-files..."
  OPTIONS.input_tmp = common.UnzipTemp(args[0])
  OPTIONS.target_tmp = OPTIONS.input_tmp
  input_zip = zipfile.ZipFile(args[0], "r")
  if OPTIONS.package_key:
    temp_zip_file = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
    output_zip = zipfile.ZipFile(temp_zip_file, "w",
                                 compression=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
  else:
    output_zip = zipfile.ZipFile(args[1], "w",
                                 compression=zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)

  if OPTIONS.incremental_source is None:
    WriteFullOTAPackage(input_zip, output_zip)
  else:
    print "unzipping source target-files..."
    OPTIONS.source_tmp = common.UnzipTemp(OPTIONS.incremental_source)
    source_zip = zipfile.ZipFile(OPTIONS.incremental_source, "r")
    WriteIncrementalOTAPackage(input_zip, source_zip, output_zip)

  output_zip.close()
  if OPTIONS.package_key:
    SignOutput(temp_zip_file.name, args[1])
    temp_zip_file.close()

  common.Cleanup()

  print "done."


if __name__ == '__main__':
  try:
    main(sys.argv[1:])
  except common.ExternalError, e:
    print
    print "   ERROR: %s" % (e,)
    print
    sys.exit(1)