libfdtrack/fdtrack.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
 *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 *    distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
 * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
 * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
 * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
 * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdint.h>

#include <array>
#include <mutex>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <thread>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#include <android/fdsan.h>
#include <android/set_abort_message.h>
#include <bionic/fdtrack.h>

#include <android-base/no_destructor.h>
#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
#include <async_safe/log.h>
#include <bionic/reserved_signals.h>
#include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
#include <unwindstack/RegsGetLocal.h>
#include <unwindstack/Unwinder.h>

struct FdEntry {
  std::mutex mutex;
  std::vector<unwindstack::FrameData> backtrace GUARDED_BY(mutex);
};

extern "C" void fdtrack_dump();
extern "C" void fdtrack_dump_fatal();

using fdtrack_callback_t = bool (*)(int fd, const char* const* function_names,
                                    const uint64_t* function_offsets, size_t count, void* arg);
extern "C" void fdtrack_iterate(fdtrack_callback_t callback, void* arg);

static void fd_hook(android_fdtrack_event* event);

// Backtraces for the first 4k file descriptors ought to be enough to diagnose an fd leak.
static constexpr size_t kFdTableSize = 4096;

// Only unwind up to 32 frames outside of libfdtrack.so.
static constexpr size_t kStackDepth = 32;

// Skip any initial frames from libfdtrack.so.
// Also ignore frames from ART (http://b/236197847) because we'd rather spend
// our precious few frames on the actual Java calling code rather than the
// implementation of JNI!
static std::vector<std::string> kSkipFdtrackLib
    [[clang::no_destroy]] = {"libfdtrack.so", "libart.so"};

static bool installed = false;
static std::array<FdEntry, kFdTableSize> stack_traces [[clang::no_destroy]];
static unwindstack::LocalUpdatableMaps& Maps() {
  static android::base::NoDestructor<unwindstack::LocalUpdatableMaps> maps;
  return *maps.get();
}
static std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>& ProcessMemory() {
  static android::base::NoDestructor<std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>> process_memory;
  return *process_memory.get();
}

__attribute__((constructor)) static void ctor() {
  for (auto& entry : stack_traces) {
    entry.backtrace.reserve(kStackDepth);
  }

  struct sigaction sa = {};
  sa.sa_sigaction = [](int, siginfo_t* siginfo, void*) {
    if (siginfo->si_code == SI_QUEUE && siginfo->si_int == 1) {
      fdtrack_dump_fatal();
    } else {
      fdtrack_dump();
    }
  };
  sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO | SA_ONSTACK;
  sigaction(BIONIC_SIGNAL_FDTRACK, &sa, nullptr);

  if (Maps().Parse()) {
    ProcessMemory() = unwindstack::Memory::CreateProcessMemoryThreadCached(getpid());
    android_fdtrack_hook_t expected = nullptr;
    installed = android_fdtrack_compare_exchange_hook(&expected, &fd_hook);
  }

  android_fdtrack_set_globally_enabled(true);
}

__attribute__((destructor)) static void dtor() {
  if (installed) {
    android_fdtrack_hook_t expected = &fd_hook;
    android_fdtrack_compare_exchange_hook(&expected, nullptr);
  }
}

FdEntry* GetFdEntry(int fd) {
  if (fd >= 0 && fd < static_cast<int>(kFdTableSize)) {
    return &stack_traces[fd];
  }
  return nullptr;
}

static void fd_hook(android_fdtrack_event* event) {
  if (event->type == ANDROID_FDTRACK_EVENT_TYPE_CREATE) {
    if (FdEntry* entry = GetFdEntry(event->fd); entry) {
      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(entry->mutex);
      entry->backtrace.clear();

      std::unique_ptr<unwindstack::Regs> regs(unwindstack::Regs::CreateFromLocal());
      unwindstack::RegsGetLocal(regs.get());
      unwindstack::Unwinder unwinder(kStackDepth, &Maps(), regs.get(), ProcessMemory());
      unwinder.Unwind(&kSkipFdtrackLib);
      entry->backtrace = unwinder.ConsumeFrames();
    }
  } else if (event->type == ANDROID_FDTRACK_EVENT_TYPE_CLOSE) {
    if (FdEntry* entry = GetFdEntry(event->fd); entry) {
      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(entry->mutex);
      entry->backtrace.clear();
    }
  }
}

void fdtrack_iterate(fdtrack_callback_t callback, void* arg) {
  bool prev = android_fdtrack_set_enabled(false);

  for (int fd = 0; fd < static_cast<int>(stack_traces.size()); ++fd) {
    const char* function_names[kStackDepth];
    uint64_t function_offsets[kStackDepth];
    FdEntry* entry = GetFdEntry(fd);
    if (!entry) {
      continue;
    }

    if (!entry->mutex.try_lock()) {
      async_safe_format_log(ANDROID_LOG_WARN, "fdtrack", "fd %d locked, skipping", fd);
      continue;
    }

    if (entry->backtrace.empty()) {
      entry->mutex.unlock();
      continue;
    } else if (entry->backtrace.size() < 2) {
      async_safe_format_log(ANDROID_LOG_WARN, "fdtrack", "fd %d missing frames: size = %zu", fd,
                            entry->backtrace.size());

      entry->mutex.unlock();
      continue;
    }

    for (size_t i = 0; i < entry->backtrace.size(); ++i) {
      function_names[i] = entry->backtrace[i].function_name.c_str();
      function_offsets[i] = entry->backtrace[i].function_offset;
    }

    bool should_continue =
        callback(fd, function_names, function_offsets, entry->backtrace.size(), arg);

    entry->mutex.unlock();

    if (!should_continue) {
      break;
    }
  }

  android_fdtrack_set_enabled(prev);
}

static size_t hash_stack(const char* const* function_names, const uint64_t* function_offsets,
                         size_t stack_depth) {
  size_t hash = 0;
  for (size_t i = 0; i < stack_depth; ++i) {
    // To future maintainers: if a libc++ update ever makes this invalid, replace this with +.
    hash = std::__hash_combine(hash, std::hash<std::string_view>()(function_names[i]));
    hash = std::__hash_combine(hash, std::hash<uint64_t>()(function_offsets[i]));
  }
  return hash;
}

static void fdtrack_dump_impl(bool fatal) {
  if (!installed) {
    async_safe_format_log(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "fdtrack", "fdtrack not installed");
  } else {
    async_safe_format_log(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "fdtrack", "fdtrack dumping...");
  }

  // If we're aborting, identify the most common stack in the hopes that it's the culprit,
  // and emit that in the abort message so crash reporting can separate different fd leaks out.
  // This is horrible and quadratic, but we need to avoid allocation since this can happen in
  // response to a signal generated asynchronously. We're only going to dump 1k fds by default,
  // and we're about to blow up the entire system, so this isn't too expensive.
  struct StackInfo {
    size_t hash = 0;
    size_t count = 0;

    size_t stack_depth = 0;
    const char* function_names[kStackDepth];
    uint64_t function_offsets[kStackDepth];
  };
  struct StackList {
    size_t count = 0;
    std::array<StackInfo, 128> data;
  };
  static StackList stacks;

  fdtrack_iterate(
      [](int fd, const char* const* function_names, const uint64_t* function_offsets,
         size_t stack_depth, void* stacks_ptr) {
        auto stacks = static_cast<StackList*>(stacks_ptr);
        uint64_t fdsan_owner = android_fdsan_get_owner_tag(fd);
        if (fdsan_owner != 0) {
          async_safe_format_log(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "fdtrack", "fd %d: (owner = 0x%" PRIx64 ")", fd,
                                fdsan_owner);
        } else {
          async_safe_format_log(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "fdtrack", "fd %d: (unowned)", fd);
        }

        for (size_t i = 0; i < stack_depth; ++i) {
          async_safe_format_log(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "fdtrack", "  %zu: %s+%" PRIu64, i,
                                function_names[i], function_offsets[i]);
        }

        if (stacks) {
          size_t hash = hash_stack(function_names, function_offsets, stack_depth);
          bool found_stack = false;
          for (size_t i = 0; i < stacks->count; ++i) {
            if (stacks->data[i].hash == hash) {
              ++stacks->data[i].count;
              found_stack = true;
              break;
            }
          }

          if (!found_stack) {
            if (stacks->count < stacks->data.size()) {
              auto& stack = stacks->data[stacks->count++];
              stack.hash = hash;
              stack.count = 1;
              stack.stack_depth = stack_depth;
              for (size_t i = 0; i < stack_depth; ++i) {
                stack.function_names[i] = function_names[i];
                stack.function_offsets[i] = function_offsets[i];
              }
            }
          }
        }

        return true;
      },
      fatal ? &stacks : nullptr);

  if (fatal) {
    // Find the most common stack.
    size_t max = 0;
    StackInfo* stack = nullptr;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < stacks.count; ++i) {
      if (stacks.data[i].count > max) {
        stack = &stacks.data[i];
        max = stack->count;
      }
    }

    static char buf[1024];

    if (!stack) {
      async_safe_format_buffer(buf, sizeof(buf),
                               "aborting due to fd leak: failed to find most common stack");
    } else {
      char* p = buf;
      p += async_safe_format_buffer(buf, sizeof(buf),
                                    "aborting due to fd leak: most common stack =\n");

      for (size_t i = 0; i < stack->stack_depth; ++i) {
        ssize_t bytes_left = buf + sizeof(buf) - p;
        if (bytes_left > 0) {
          p += async_safe_format_buffer(p, buf + sizeof(buf) - p, "  %zu: %s+%" PRIu64 "\n", i,
                                        stack->function_names[i], stack->function_offsets[i]);
        }
      }
    }

    android_set_abort_message(buf);

    // Abort on a different thread to avoid ART dumping runtime stacks.
    std::thread([]() { abort(); }).join();
  }
}

void fdtrack_dump() {
  fdtrack_dump_impl(false);
}

void fdtrack_dump_fatal() {
  fdtrack_dump_impl(true);
}