benchmarks/bionic_benchmarks.cpp - android_bionic - Gitiles

 /*
  * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */

 #include <err.h>
 #include <getopt.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <math.h>
 #include <sys/resource.h>

 #include <map>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>

 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 #include <tinyxml2.h>
 #include "util.h"

 #define _STR(x) #x
 #define STRINGFY(x) _STR(x)

 static const std::vector<int> kCommonSizes{
   8,
   16,
   32,
   64,
   512,
   1 * KB,
   8 * KB,
   16 * KB,
   32 * KB,
   64 * KB,
   128 * KB,
 };

 static const std::vector<int> kSmallSizes{
   // Increment by 1
   1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
   // Increment by 8
   24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104, 112, 120, 128, 136, 144,
   // Increment by 16
   160, 176, 192, 208, 224, 240, 256,
 };

 static const std::vector<int> kMediumSizes{
   512,
   1 * KB,
   8 * KB,
   16 * KB,
   32 * KB,
   64 * KB,
   128 * KB,
 };

 static const std::vector<int> kLargeSizes{
   256 * KB,
   512 * KB,
   1024 * KB,
   2048 * KB,
 };

 static std::map<std::string, const std::vector<int> &> kSizes{
   { "SMALL",  kSmallSizes },
   { "MEDIUM", kMediumSizes },
   { "LARGE",  kLargeSizes },
 };

 std::map<std::string, std::pair<benchmark_func_t, std::string>> g_str_to_func;

 std::mutex g_map_lock;

 static struct option g_long_options[] =
 {
   {"bionic_cpu", required_argument, nullptr, 'c'},
   {"bionic_xml", required_argument, nullptr, 'x'},
   {"bionic_iterations", required_argument, nullptr, 'i'},
   {"bionic_extra", required_argument, nullptr, 'a'},
   {"help", no_argument, nullptr, 'h'},
   {nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0},
 };

 typedef std::vector<std::vector<int64_t>> args_vector_t;

 void Usage() {
   printf("Usage:\n");
   printf("bionic_benchmarks [--bionic_cpu=<cpu_to_isolate>]\n");
   printf("                  [--bionic_xml=<path_to_xml>]\n");
   printf("                  [--bionic_iterations=<num_iter>]\n");
   printf("                  [--bionic_extra=\"<fn_name> <arg1> <arg 2> ...\"]\n");
   printf("                  [<Google benchmark flags>]\n");
   printf("Google benchmark flags:\n");

   int fake_argc = 2;
   char argv0[] = "bionic_benchmarks";
   char argv1[] = "--help";
   char* fake_argv[3] {argv0, argv1, nullptr};
   benchmark::Initialize(&fake_argc, fake_argv);
   exit(1);
 }

 // This function removes any bionic benchmarks command line arguments by checking them
 // against g_long_options. It fills new_argv with the filtered args.
 void SanitizeOpts(int argc, char** argv, std::vector<char*>* new_argv) {
   // TO THOSE ADDING OPTIONS: This currently doesn't support optional arguments.
   (*new_argv)[0] = argv[0];
   for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
     char* optarg = argv[i];
     size_t opt_idx = 0;

     // Iterate through g_long_options until either we hit the end or we have a match.
     for (opt_idx = 0; g_long_options[opt_idx].name &&
                       strncmp(g_long_options[opt_idx].name, optarg + 2,
                               strlen(g_long_options[opt_idx].name)); ++opt_idx) {
     }

     if (!g_long_options[opt_idx].name) {
       new_argv->push_back(optarg);
     } else {
       if (g_long_options[opt_idx].has_arg == required_argument) {
         // If the arg was passed in with an =, it spans one char *.
         // Otherwise, we skip a spot for the argument.
         if (!strchr(optarg, '=')) {
           i++;
         }
       }
     }
   }
   new_argv->push_back(nullptr);
 }

 bench_opts_t ParseOpts(int argc, char** argv) {
   bench_opts_t opts;
   int opt;
   int option_index = 0;

   // To make this parser handle the benchmark options silently:
   extern int opterr;
   opterr = 0;

   while ((opt = getopt_long(argc, argv, "c:x:i:a:h", g_long_options, &option_index)) != -1) {
     if (opt == -1) {
       break;
     }
     switch (opt) {
       case 'c':
         if (*optarg) {
           char* check_null;
           opts.cpu_to_lock = strtol(optarg, &check_null, 10);
           if (*check_null) {
             errx(1, "ERROR: Args %s is not a valid integer.", optarg);
           }
         } else {
           printf("ERROR: no argument specified for bionic_cpu\n");
           Usage();
         }
         break;
       case 'x':
         if (*optarg) {
           opts.xmlpath = optarg;
         } else {
           printf("ERROR: no argument specified for bionic_xml\n");
           Usage();
         }
         break;
       case 'a':
         if (*optarg) {
           opts.extra_benchmarks.push_back(optarg);
         } else {
           printf("ERROR: no argument specified for bionic_extra\n");
           Usage();
         }
         break;
       case 'i':
         if (*optarg){
           char* check_null;
           opts.num_iterations = strtol(optarg, &check_null, 10);
           if (*check_null != '\0' or opts.num_iterations < 0) {
             errx(1, "ERROR: Args %s is not a valid number of iterations.", optarg);
           }
         } else {
           printf("ERROR: no argument specified for bionic_iterations\n");
           Usage();
         }
         break;
       case 'h':
         Usage();
         break;
       case '?':
         break;
       default:
         exit(1);
     }
   }
   return opts;
 }

 // This is a wrapper for every function call for per-benchmark cpu pinning.
 void LockAndRun(benchmark::State& state, benchmark_func_t func_to_bench, int cpu_to_lock) {
   if (cpu_to_lock >= 0) LockToCPU(cpu_to_lock);

   // To avoid having to link against Google benchmarks in libutil,
   // benchmarks are kept without parameter information, necessitating this cast.
   reinterpret_cast<void(*) (benchmark::State&)>(func_to_bench)(state);
 }

 static constexpr char kOnebufManualStr[] = "AT_ONEBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN_";
 static constexpr char kTwobufManualStr[] = "AT_TWOBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN1_";

 static bool ParseOnebufManualStr(std::string& arg, args_vector_t* to_populate) {
   // The format of this is:
   //   AT_ONEBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN_XX_SIZE_YY
   // Where:
   //   XX is the alignment
   //   YY is the size
   // The YY size can be either a number or a string representing the pre-defined
   // sets of values:
   //   SMALL (for values between 1 and 256)
   //   MEDIUM (for values between 512 and 128KB)
   //   LARGE (for values between 256KB and 2048KB)
   int64_t align;
   int64_t size;
   char sizes[32] = { 0 };
   int ret;

   ret = sscanf(arg.c_str(), "AT_ONEBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN_%" SCNd64 "_SIZE_%" SCNd64,
                &align, &size);
   if (ret == 1) {
     ret = sscanf(arg.c_str(), "AT_ONEBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN_%" SCNd64 "_SIZE_"
                               "%" STRINGFY(sizeof(sizes)-1) "s", &align, sizes);
   }
   if (ret != 2) {
     return false;
   }

   // Verify the alignment is powers of 2.
   if (align != 0 && (align & (align - 1)) != 0) {
     return false;
   }

   auto sit = kSizes.find(sizes);
   if (sit == kSizes.cend()) {
     to_populate->push_back({size, align});
   } else {
     for (auto ssize : sit->second) {
       to_populate->push_back({ssize, align});
     }
   }
   return true;
 }

 static bool ParseTwobufManualStr(std::string& arg, args_vector_t* to_populate) {
   // The format of this is:
   //   AT_TWOBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN1_XX_ALIGN2_YY_SIZE_ZZ
   // Where:
   //   XX is the alignment of the first argument
   //   YY is the alignment of the second argument
   //   ZZ is the size
   // The ZZ size can be either a number or a string representing the pre-defined
   // sets of values:
   //   SMALL (for values between 1 and 256)
   //   MEDIUM (for values between 512 and 128KB)
   //   LARGE (for values between 256KB and 2048KB)
   int64_t align1;
   int64_t align2;
   int64_t size;
   char sizes[32] = { 0 };
   int ret;

   ret = sscanf(arg.c_str(), "AT_TWOBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN1_%" SCNd64 "_ALIGN2_%" SCNd64 "_SIZE_%" SCNd64,
                             &align1, &align2, &size);
   if (ret == 2) {
     ret = sscanf(arg.c_str(), "AT_TWOBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN1_%" SCNd64 "_ALIGN2_%" SCNd64 "_SIZE_"
                                "%" STRINGFY(sizeof(sizes)-1) "s",
                                &align1, &align2, sizes);
   }
   if (ret != 3) {
     return false;
   }

   // Verify the alignments are powers of 2.
   if ((align1 != 0 && (align1 & (align1 - 1)) != 0)
       || (align2 != 0 && (align2 & (align2 - 1)) != 0)) {
     return false;
   }

   auto sit = kSizes.find(sizes);
   if (sit == kSizes.cend()) {
     to_populate->push_back({size, align1, align2});
   } else {
     for (auto ssize : sit->second) {
       to_populate->push_back({ssize, align1, align2});
     }
   }
   return true;
 }

 args_vector_t* ResolveArgs(args_vector_t* to_populate, std::string args,
                            std::map<std::string, args_vector_t>& args_shorthand) {
   // args is either a space-separated list of ints, a macro name, or
   // special free form macro.
   // To ease formatting in XML files, args is left and right trimmed.
   if (args_shorthand.count(args)) {
     return &args_shorthand[args];
   }
   // Check for free form macro.
   if (android::base::StartsWith(args, kOnebufManualStr)) {
     if (!ParseOnebufManualStr(args, to_populate)) {
       errx(1, "ERROR: Bad format of macro %s, should be AT_ONEBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN_XX_SIZE_YY",
            args.c_str());
     }
     return to_populate;
   } else if (android::base::StartsWith(args, kTwobufManualStr)) {
     if (!ParseTwobufManualStr(args, to_populate)) {
       errx(1,
            "ERROR: Bad format of macro %s, should be AT_TWOBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN1_XX_ALIGNE2_YY_SIZE_ZZ",
            args.c_str());
     }
     return to_populate;
   }

   std::string trimmed_args = android::base::Trim(args);
   if (!trimmed_args.empty()) {
     std::stringstream sstream(trimmed_args);
     std::string argstr;
     while (sstream >> argstr) {
       char* check_null;
       int converted = static_cast<int>(strtol(argstr.c_str(), &check_null, 10));
       if (*check_null == '\0') {
         to_populate->emplace_back(std::vector<int64_t>{converted});
         continue;
       } else if (*check_null == '/') {
         // The only supported format with a / is \d+(/\d+)\s*. Example 8/8/8 or 16/23.
         std::vector<int64_t> test_args{converted};
         while (true) {
           converted = static_cast<int>(strtol(check_null + 1, &check_null, 10));
           test_args.push_back(converted);
           if (*check_null == '\0') {
             to_populate->emplace_back(std::move(test_args));
             break;
           } else if (*check_null != '/') {
             errx(1, "ERROR: Args str %s contains an invalid macro or int.", args.c_str());
           }
         }
       } else {
         errx(1, "ERROR: Args str %s contains an invalid macro or int.", args.c_str());
       }
     }
   } else {
     // No arguments, only the base benchmark.
     to_populate->emplace_back(std::vector<int64_t>{});
   }
   return to_populate;
 }

 void RegisterGoogleBenchmarks(bench_opts_t primary_opts, bench_opts_t secondary_opts,
                               const std::string& fn_name, args_vector_t* run_args) {
   if (g_str_to_func.find(fn_name) == g_str_to_func.end()) {
     errx(1, "ERROR: No benchmark for function %s", fn_name.c_str());
   }
   long iterations_to_use = primary_opts.num_iterations ? primary_opts.num_iterations :
                                                          secondary_opts.num_iterations;
   int cpu_to_use = -1;
   if (primary_opts.cpu_to_lock >= 0) {
     cpu_to_use = primary_opts.cpu_to_lock;

   } else if (secondary_opts.cpu_to_lock >= 0) {
     cpu_to_use = secondary_opts.cpu_to_lock;
   }

   benchmark_func_t benchmark_function = g_str_to_func.at(fn_name).first;
   for (const std::vector<int64_t>& args : (*run_args)) {
     auto registration = benchmark::RegisterBenchmark(fn_name.c_str(), LockAndRun,
                                                      benchmark_function,
                                                      cpu_to_use)->Args(args);
     if (iterations_to_use > 0) {
       registration->Iterations(iterations_to_use);
     }
   }
 }

 void RegisterCliBenchmarks(bench_opts_t cmdline_opts,
                            std::map<std::string, args_vector_t>& args_shorthand) {
   // Register any of the extra benchmarks that were specified in the options.
   args_vector_t arg_vector;
   args_vector_t* run_args = &arg_vector;
   for (const std::string& extra_fn : cmdline_opts.extra_benchmarks) {
     android::base::Trim(extra_fn);
     size_t first_space_pos = extra_fn.find(' ');
     std::string fn_name = extra_fn.substr(0, first_space_pos);
     std::string cmd_args;
     if (first_space_pos != std::string::npos) {
       cmd_args = extra_fn.substr(extra_fn.find(' ') + 1);
     } else {
       cmd_args = "";
     }
     run_args = ResolveArgs(run_args, cmd_args, args_shorthand);
     RegisterGoogleBenchmarks(bench_opts_t(), cmdline_opts, fn_name, run_args);

     run_args = &arg_vector;
     arg_vector.clear();
   }
 }

 int RegisterXmlBenchmarks(bench_opts_t cmdline_opts,
                           std::map<std::string, args_vector_t>& args_shorthand) {
   // Structure of the XML file:
   // - Element "fn"           Function to benchmark.
   // - - Element "iterations" Number of iterations to run. Leaving this blank uses
   //                          Google benchmarks' convergence heuristics.
   // - - Element "cpu"        CPU to isolate to, if any.
   // - - Element "args"       Whitespace-separated list of per-function integer arguments, or
   //                          one of the macros defined in util.h.
   tinyxml2::XMLDocument doc;
   if (doc.LoadFile(cmdline_opts.xmlpath.c_str()) != tinyxml2::XML_SUCCESS) {
     doc.PrintError();
     return doc.ErrorID();
   }

   // Read and register the functions.
   tinyxml2::XMLNode* fn = doc.FirstChildElement("fn");
   while (fn) {
     if (fn == fn->ToComment()) {
       // Skip comments.
       fn = fn->NextSibling();
       continue;
     }

     auto fn_elem = fn->FirstChildElement("name");
     if (!fn_elem) {
       errx(1, "ERROR: Malformed XML entry: missing name element.");
     }
     std::string fn_name = fn_elem->GetText();
     if (fn_name.empty()) {
       errx(1, "ERROR: Malformed XML entry: error parsing name text.");
     }
     auto* xml_args = fn->FirstChildElement("args");
     args_vector_t arg_vector;
     args_vector_t* run_args = ResolveArgs(&arg_vector,
                                           xml_args ? android::base::Trim(xml_args->GetText()) : "",
                                           args_shorthand);

     // XML values for CPU and iterations take precedence over those passed in via CLI.
     bench_opts_t xml_opts{};
     auto* num_iterations_elem = fn->FirstChildElement("iterations");
     if (num_iterations_elem) {
       int temp;
       num_iterations_elem->QueryIntText(&temp);
       xml_opts.num_iterations = temp;
     }
     auto* cpu_to_lock_elem = fn->FirstChildElement("cpu");
     if (cpu_to_lock_elem) {
       int temp;
       cpu_to_lock_elem->QueryIntText(&temp);
       xml_opts.cpu_to_lock = temp;
     }

     RegisterGoogleBenchmarks(xml_opts, cmdline_opts, fn_name, run_args);

     fn = fn->NextSibling();
   }
   return 0;
 }

 static void SetArgs(const std::vector<int>& sizes, args_vector_t* args) {
   for (int size : sizes) {
     args->push_back({size});
   }
 }

 static void SetArgs(const std::vector<int>& sizes, int align, args_vector_t* args) {
   for (int size : sizes) {
     args->push_back({size, align});
   }
 }


 static void SetArgs(const std::vector<int>& sizes, int align1, int align2, args_vector_t* args) {
   for (int size : sizes) {
     args->push_back({size, align1, align2});
   }
 }

 static args_vector_t GetArgs(const std::vector<int>& sizes) {
   args_vector_t args;
   SetArgs(sizes, &args);
   return args;
 }

 static args_vector_t GetArgs(const std::vector<int>& sizes, int align) {
   args_vector_t args;
   SetArgs(sizes, align, &args);
   return args;
 }

 static args_vector_t GetArgs(const std::vector<int>& sizes, int align1, int align2) {
   args_vector_t args;
   SetArgs(sizes, align1, align2, &args);
   return args;
 }

 std::map<std::string, args_vector_t> GetShorthand() {
   std::vector<int> all_sizes(kSmallSizes);
   all_sizes.insert(all_sizes.end(), kMediumSizes.begin(), kMediumSizes.end());
   all_sizes.insert(all_sizes.end(), kLargeSizes.begin(), kLargeSizes.end());

   std::map<std::string, args_vector_t> args_shorthand {
     {"AT_COMMON_SIZES", GetArgs(kCommonSizes)},
     {"AT_SMALL_SIZES", GetArgs(kSmallSizes)},
     {"AT_MEDIUM_SIZES", GetArgs(kMediumSizes)},
     {"AT_LARGE_SIZES", GetArgs(kLargeSizes)},
     {"AT_ALL_SIZES", GetArgs(all_sizes)},

     {"AT_ALIGNED_ONEBUF", GetArgs(kCommonSizes, 0)},
     {"AT_ALIGNED_ONEBUF_SMALL", GetArgs(kSmallSizes, 0)},
     {"AT_ALIGNED_ONEBUF_MEDIUM", GetArgs(kMediumSizes, 0)},
     {"AT_ALIGNED_ONEBUF_LARGE", GetArgs(kLargeSizes, 0)},
     {"AT_ALIGNED_ONEBUF_ALL", GetArgs(all_sizes, 0)},

     {"AT_ALIGNED_TWOBUF", GetArgs(kCommonSizes, 0, 0)},
     {"AT_ALIGNED_TWOBUF_SMALL", GetArgs(kSmallSizes, 0, 0)},
     {"AT_ALIGNED_TWOBUF_MEDIUM", GetArgs(kMediumSizes, 0, 0)},
     {"AT_ALIGNED_TWOBUF_LARGE", GetArgs(kLargeSizes, 0, 0)},
     {"AT_ALIGNED_TWOBUF_ALL", GetArgs(all_sizes, 0, 0)},

     // Do not exceed 512. that is about the largest number of properties
     // that can be created with the current property area size.
     {"NUM_PROPS", args_vector_t{ {1}, {4}, {16}, {64}, {128}, {256}, {512} }},

     {"MATH_COMMON", args_vector_t{ {0}, {1}, {2}, {3} }},
     {"MATH_SINCOS_COMMON", args_vector_t{ {0}, {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {5}, {6}, {7} }},
   };

   args_vector_t args_onebuf;
   args_vector_t args_twobuf;
   for (int size : all_sizes) {
     args_onebuf.push_back({size, 0});
     args_twobuf.push_back({size, 0, 0});
     // Skip alignments on zero sizes.
     if (size == 0) {
       continue;
     }
     for (int align1 = 1; align1 <= 32; align1 <<= 1) {
       args_onebuf.push_back({size, align1});
       for (int align2 = 1; align2 <= 32; align2 <<= 1) {
         args_twobuf.push_back({size, align1, align2});
       }
     }
   }
   args_shorthand.emplace("AT_MANY_ALIGNED_ONEBUF", args_onebuf);
   args_shorthand.emplace("AT_MANY_ALIGNED_TWOBUF", args_twobuf);

   return args_shorthand;
 }

 static bool FileExists(const std::string& file) {
   struct stat st;
   return stat(file.c_str(), &st) != -1 && S_ISREG(st.st_mode);
 }

 void RegisterAllBenchmarks(const bench_opts_t& opts,
                            std::map<std::string, args_vector_t>& args_shorthand) {
   for (auto& entry : g_str_to_func) {
     auto& function_info = entry.second;
     args_vector_t arg_vector;
     args_vector_t* run_args = ResolveArgs(&arg_vector, function_info.second,
                                           args_shorthand);
     RegisterGoogleBenchmarks(bench_opts_t(), opts, entry.first, run_args);
   }
 }

 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   std::map<std::string, args_vector_t> args_shorthand = GetShorthand();
   bench_opts_t opts = ParseOpts(argc, argv);
   std::vector<char*> new_argv(argc);
   SanitizeOpts(argc, argv, &new_argv);

   if (opts.xmlpath.empty()) {
     // Don't add the default xml file if a user is specifying the tests to run.
     if (opts.extra_benchmarks.empty()) {
       RegisterAllBenchmarks(opts, args_shorthand);
     }
   } else if (!FileExists(opts.xmlpath)) {
     // See if this is a file in the suites directory.
     std::string file(android::base::GetExecutableDirectory() + "/suites/" + opts.xmlpath);
     if (opts.xmlpath[0] == '/' || !FileExists(file)) {
       printf("Cannot find xml file %s: does not exist or is not a file.\n", opts.xmlpath.c_str());
       return 1;
     }
     opts.xmlpath = file;
   }

   if (!opts.xmlpath.empty()) {
     if (int err = RegisterXmlBenchmarks(opts, args_shorthand)) {
       return err;
     }
   }
   RegisterCliBenchmarks(opts, args_shorthand);

   // Set the thread priority to the maximum.
   if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, -20)) {
     perror("Failed to raise priority of process. Are you root?\n");
   }

   int new_argc = new_argv.size();
   benchmark::Initialize(&new_argc, new_argv.data());
   benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks();
 }
	/*
	* Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
	*
	* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
	* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
	* You may obtain a copy of the License at
	*
	* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
	*
	* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
	* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
	* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
	* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
	* limitations under the License.
	*/

	#include <err.h>
	#include <getopt.h>
	#include <inttypes.h>
	#include <math.h>
	#include <sys/resource.h>

	#include <map>
	#include <mutex>
	#include <sstream>
	#include <string>
	#include <utility>
	#include <vector>

	#include <android-base/file.h>
	#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
	#include <android-base/strings.h>
	#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
	#include <tinyxml2.h>
	#include "util.h"

	#define _STR(x) #x
	#define STRINGFY(x) _STR(x)

	static const std::vector<int> kCommonSizes{
	8,
	16,
	32,
	64,
	512,
	1 * KB,
	8 * KB,
	16 * KB,
	32 * KB,
	64 * KB,
	128 * KB,
	};

	static const std::vector<int> kSmallSizes{
	// Increment by 1
	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
	// Increment by 8
	24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, 80, 88, 96, 104, 112, 120, 128, 136, 144,
	// Increment by 16
	160, 176, 192, 208, 224, 240, 256,
	};

	static const std::vector<int> kMediumSizes{
	512,
	1 * KB,
	8 * KB,
	16 * KB,
	32 * KB,
	64 * KB,
	128 * KB,
	};

	static const std::vector<int> kLargeSizes{
	256 * KB,
	512 * KB,
	1024 * KB,
	2048 * KB,
	};

	static std::map<std::string, const std::vector<int> &> kSizes{
	{ "SMALL", kSmallSizes },
	{ "MEDIUM", kMediumSizes },
	{ "LARGE", kLargeSizes },
	};

	std::map<std::string, std::pair<benchmark_func_t, std::string>> g_str_to_func;

	std::mutex g_map_lock;

	static struct option g_long_options[] =
	{
	{"bionic_cpu", required_argument, nullptr, 'c'},
	{"bionic_xml", required_argument, nullptr, 'x'},
	{"bionic_iterations", required_argument, nullptr, 'i'},
	{"bionic_extra", required_argument, nullptr, 'a'},
	{"help", no_argument, nullptr, 'h'},
	{nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0},
	};

	typedef std::vector<std::vector<int64_t>> args_vector_t;

	void Usage() {
	printf("Usage:\n");
	printf("bionic_benchmarks [--bionic_cpu=<cpu_to_isolate>]\n");
	printf(" [--bionic_xml=<path_to_xml>]\n");
	printf(" [--bionic_iterations=<num_iter>]\n");
	printf(" [--bionic_extra=\"<fn_name> <arg1> <arg 2> ...\"]\n");
	printf(" [<Google benchmark flags>]\n");
	printf("Google benchmark flags:\n");

	int fake_argc = 2;
	char argv0[] = "bionic_benchmarks";
	char argv1[] = "--help";
	char* fake_argv[3] {argv0, argv1, nullptr};
	benchmark::Initialize(&fake_argc, fake_argv);
	exit(1);
	}

	// This function removes any bionic benchmarks command line arguments by checking them
	// against g_long_options. It fills new_argv with the filtered args.
	void SanitizeOpts(int argc, char** argv, std::vector<char> new_argv) {
	// TO THOSE ADDING OPTIONS: This currently doesn't support optional arguments.
	(*new_argv)[0] = argv[0];
	for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
	char* optarg = argv[i];
	size_t opt_idx = 0;

	// Iterate through g_long_options until either we hit the end or we have a match.
	for (opt_idx = 0; g_long_options[opt_idx].name &&
	strncmp(g_long_options[opt_idx].name, optarg + 2,
	strlen(g_long_options[opt_idx].name)); ++opt_idx) {
	}

	if (!g_long_options[opt_idx].name) {
	new_argv->push_back(optarg);
	} else {
	if (g_long_options[opt_idx].has_arg == required_argument) {
	// If the arg was passed in with an =, it spans one char *.
	// Otherwise, we skip a spot for the argument.
	if (!strchr(optarg, '=')) {
	i++;
	}
	}
	}
	}
	new_argv->push_back(nullptr);
	}

	bench_opts_t ParseOpts(int argc, char** argv) {
	bench_opts_t opts;
	int opt;
	int option_index = 0;

	// To make this parser handle the benchmark options silently:
	extern int opterr;
	opterr = 0;

	while ((opt = getopt_long(argc, argv, "c:x:i:a:h", g_long_options, &option_index)) != -1) {
	if (opt == -1) {
	break;
	}
	switch (opt) {
	case 'c':
	if (*optarg) {
	char* check_null;
	opts.cpu_to_lock = strtol(optarg, &check_null, 10);
	if (*check_null) {
	errx(1, "ERROR: Args %s is not a valid integer.", optarg);
	}
	} else {
	printf("ERROR: no argument specified for bionic_cpu\n");
	Usage();
	}
	break;
	case 'x':
	if (*optarg) {
	opts.xmlpath = optarg;
	} else {
	printf("ERROR: no argument specified for bionic_xml\n");
	Usage();
	}
	break;
	case 'a':
	if (*optarg) {
	opts.extra_benchmarks.push_back(optarg);
	} else {
	printf("ERROR: no argument specified for bionic_extra\n");
	Usage();
	}
	break;
	case 'i':
	if (*optarg){
	char* check_null;
	opts.num_iterations = strtol(optarg, &check_null, 10);
	if (*check_null != '\0' or opts.num_iterations < 0) {
	errx(1, "ERROR: Args %s is not a valid number of iterations.", optarg);
	}
	} else {
	printf("ERROR: no argument specified for bionic_iterations\n");
	Usage();
	}
	break;
	case 'h':
	Usage();
	break;
	case '?':
	break;
	default:
	exit(1);
	}
	}
	return opts;
	}

	// This is a wrapper for every function call for per-benchmark cpu pinning.
	void LockAndRun(benchmark::State& state, benchmark_func_t func_to_bench, int cpu_to_lock) {
	if (cpu_to_lock >= 0) LockToCPU(cpu_to_lock);

	// To avoid having to link against Google benchmarks in libutil,
	// benchmarks are kept without parameter information, necessitating this cast.
	reinterpret_cast<void(*) (benchmark::State&)>(func_to_bench)(state);
	}

	static constexpr char kOnebufManualStr[] = "AT_ONEBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN_";
	static constexpr char kTwobufManualStr[] = "AT_TWOBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN1_";

	static bool ParseOnebufManualStr(std::string& arg, args_vector_t* to_populate) {
	// The format of this is:
	// AT_ONEBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN_XX_SIZE_YY
	// Where:
	// XX is the alignment
	// YY is the size
	// The YY size can be either a number or a string representing the pre-defined
	// sets of values:
	// SMALL (for values between 1 and 256)
	// MEDIUM (for values between 512 and 128KB)
	// LARGE (for values between 256KB and 2048KB)
	int64_t align;
	int64_t size;
	char sizes[32] = { 0 };
	int ret;

	ret = sscanf(arg.c_str(), "AT_ONEBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN_%" SCNd64 "_SIZE_%" SCNd64,
	&align, &size);
	if (ret == 1) {
	ret = sscanf(arg.c_str(), "AT_ONEBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN_%" SCNd64 "_SIZE_"
	"%" STRINGFY(sizeof(sizes)-1) "s", &align, sizes);
	}
	if (ret != 2) {
	return false;
	}

	// Verify the alignment is powers of 2.
	if (align != 0 && (align & (align - 1)) != 0) {
	return false;
	}

	auto sit = kSizes.find(sizes);
	if (sit == kSizes.cend()) {
	to_populate->push_back({size, align});
	} else {
	for (auto ssize : sit->second) {
	to_populate->push_back({ssize, align});
	}
	}
	return true;
	}

	static bool ParseTwobufManualStr(std::string& arg, args_vector_t* to_populate) {
	// The format of this is:
	// AT_TWOBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN1_XX_ALIGN2_YY_SIZE_ZZ
	// Where:
	// XX is the alignment of the first argument
	// YY is the alignment of the second argument
	// ZZ is the size
	// The ZZ size can be either a number or a string representing the pre-defined
	// sets of values:
	// SMALL (for values between 1 and 256)
	// MEDIUM (for values between 512 and 128KB)
	// LARGE (for values between 256KB and 2048KB)
	int64_t align1;
	int64_t align2;
	int64_t size;
	char sizes[32] = { 0 };
	int ret;

	ret = sscanf(arg.c_str(), "AT_TWOBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN1_%" SCNd64 "_ALIGN2_%" SCNd64 "_SIZE_%" SCNd64,
	&align1, &align2, &size);
	if (ret == 2) {
	ret = sscanf(arg.c_str(), "AT_TWOBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN1_%" SCNd64 "_ALIGN2_%" SCNd64 "_SIZE_"
	"%" STRINGFY(sizeof(sizes)-1) "s",
	&align1, &align2, sizes);
	}
	if (ret != 3) {
	return false;
	}

	// Verify the alignments are powers of 2.
	if ((align1 != 0 && (align1 & (align1 - 1)) != 0)
	\|\| (align2 != 0 && (align2 & (align2 - 1)) != 0)) {
	return false;
	}

	auto sit = kSizes.find(sizes);
	if (sit == kSizes.cend()) {
	to_populate->push_back({size, align1, align2});
	} else {
	for (auto ssize : sit->second) {
	to_populate->push_back({ssize, align1, align2});
	}
	}
	return true;
	}

	args_vector_t* ResolveArgs(args_vector_t* to_populate, std::string args,
	std::map<std::string, args_vector_t>& args_shorthand) {
	// args is either a space-separated list of ints, a macro name, or
	// special free form macro.
	// To ease formatting in XML files, args is left and right trimmed.
	if (args_shorthand.count(args)) {
	return &args_shorthand[args];
	}
	// Check for free form macro.
	if (android::base::StartsWith(args, kOnebufManualStr)) {
	if (!ParseOnebufManualStr(args, to_populate)) {
	errx(1, "ERROR: Bad format of macro %s, should be AT_ONEBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN_XX_SIZE_YY",
	args.c_str());
	}
	return to_populate;
	} else if (android::base::StartsWith(args, kTwobufManualStr)) {
	if (!ParseTwobufManualStr(args, to_populate)) {
	errx(1,
	"ERROR: Bad format of macro %s, should be AT_TWOBUF_MANUAL_ALIGN1_XX_ALIGNE2_YY_SIZE_ZZ",
	args.c_str());
	}
	return to_populate;
	}

	std::string trimmed_args = android::base::Trim(args);
	if (!trimmed_args.empty()) {
	std::stringstream sstream(trimmed_args);
	std::string argstr;
	while (sstream >> argstr) {
	char* check_null;
	int converted = static_cast<int>(strtol(argstr.c_str(), &check_null, 10));
	if (*check_null == '\0') {
	to_populate->emplace_back(std::vector<int64_t>{converted});
	continue;
	} else if (*check_null == '/') {
	// The only supported format with a / is \d+(/\d+)\s*. Example 8/8/8 or 16/23.
	std::vector<int64_t> test_args{converted};
	while (true) {
	converted = static_cast<int>(strtol(check_null + 1, &check_null, 10));
	test_args.push_back(converted);
	if (*check_null == '\0') {
	to_populate->emplace_back(std::move(test_args));
	break;
	} else if (*check_null != '/') {
	errx(1, "ERROR: Args str %s contains an invalid macro or int.", args.c_str());
	}
	}
	} else {
	errx(1, "ERROR: Args str %s contains an invalid macro or int.", args.c_str());
	}
	}
	} else {
	// No arguments, only the base benchmark.
	to_populate->emplace_back(std::vector<int64_t>{});
	}
	return to_populate;
	}

	void RegisterGoogleBenchmarks(bench_opts_t primary_opts, bench_opts_t secondary_opts,
	const std::string& fn_name, args_vector_t* run_args) {
	if (g_str_to_func.find(fn_name) == g_str_to_func.end()) {
	errx(1, "ERROR: No benchmark for function %s", fn_name.c_str());
	}
	long iterations_to_use = primary_opts.num_iterations ? primary_opts.num_iterations :
	secondary_opts.num_iterations;
	int cpu_to_use = -1;
	if (primary_opts.cpu_to_lock >= 0) {
	cpu_to_use = primary_opts.cpu_to_lock;

	} else if (secondary_opts.cpu_to_lock >= 0) {
	cpu_to_use = secondary_opts.cpu_to_lock;
	}

	benchmark_func_t benchmark_function = g_str_to_func.at(fn_name).first;
	for (const std::vector<int64_t>& args : (*run_args)) {
	auto registration = benchmark::RegisterBenchmark(fn_name.c_str(), LockAndRun,
	benchmark_function,
	cpu_to_use)->Args(args);
	if (iterations_to_use > 0) {
	registration->Iterations(iterations_to_use);
	}
	}
	}

	void RegisterCliBenchmarks(bench_opts_t cmdline_opts,
	std::map<std::string, args_vector_t>& args_shorthand) {
	// Register any of the extra benchmarks that were specified in the options.
	args_vector_t arg_vector;
	args_vector_t* run_args = &arg_vector;
	for (const std::string& extra_fn : cmdline_opts.extra_benchmarks) {
	android::base::Trim(extra_fn);
	size_t first_space_pos = extra_fn.find(' ');
	std::string fn_name = extra_fn.substr(0, first_space_pos);
	std::string cmd_args;
	if (first_space_pos != std::string::npos) {
	cmd_args = extra_fn.substr(extra_fn.find(' ') + 1);
	} else {
	cmd_args = "";
	}
	run_args = ResolveArgs(run_args, cmd_args, args_shorthand);
	RegisterGoogleBenchmarks(bench_opts_t(), cmdline_opts, fn_name, run_args);

	run_args = &arg_vector;
	arg_vector.clear();
	}
	}

	int RegisterXmlBenchmarks(bench_opts_t cmdline_opts,
	std::map<std::string, args_vector_t>& args_shorthand) {
	// Structure of the XML file:
	// - Element "fn" Function to benchmark.
	// - - Element "iterations" Number of iterations to run. Leaving this blank uses
	// Google benchmarks' convergence heuristics.
	// - - Element "cpu" CPU to isolate to, if any.
	// - - Element "args" Whitespace-separated list of per-function integer arguments, or
	// one of the macros defined in util.h.
	tinyxml2::XMLDocument doc;
	if (doc.LoadFile(cmdline_opts.xmlpath.c_str()) != tinyxml2::XML_SUCCESS) {
	doc.PrintError();
	return doc.ErrorID();
	}

	// Read and register the functions.
	tinyxml2::XMLNode* fn = doc.FirstChildElement("fn");
	while (fn) {
	if (fn == fn->ToComment()) {
	// Skip comments.
	fn = fn->NextSibling();
	continue;
	}

	auto fn_elem = fn->FirstChildElement("name");
	if (!fn_elem) {
	errx(1, "ERROR: Malformed XML entry: missing name element.");
	}
	std::string fn_name = fn_elem->GetText();
	if (fn_name.empty()) {
	errx(1, "ERROR: Malformed XML entry: error parsing name text.");
	}
	auto* xml_args = fn->FirstChildElement("args");
	args_vector_t arg_vector;
	args_vector_t* run_args = ResolveArgs(&arg_vector,
	xml_args ? android::base::Trim(xml_args->GetText()) : "",
	args_shorthand);

	// XML values for CPU and iterations take precedence over those passed in via CLI.
	bench_opts_t xml_opts{};
	auto* num_iterations_elem = fn->FirstChildElement("iterations");
	if (num_iterations_elem) {
	int temp;
	num_iterations_elem->QueryIntText(&temp);
	xml_opts.num_iterations = temp;
	}
	auto* cpu_to_lock_elem = fn->FirstChildElement("cpu");
	if (cpu_to_lock_elem) {
	int temp;
	cpu_to_lock_elem->QueryIntText(&temp);
	xml_opts.cpu_to_lock = temp;
	}

	RegisterGoogleBenchmarks(xml_opts, cmdline_opts, fn_name, run_args);

	fn = fn->NextSibling();
	}
	return 0;
	}

	static void SetArgs(const std::vector<int>& sizes, args_vector_t* args) {
	for (int size : sizes) {
	args->push_back({size});
	}
	}

	static void SetArgs(const std::vector<int>& sizes, int align, args_vector_t* args) {
	for (int size : sizes) {
	args->push_back({size, align});
	}
	}


	static void SetArgs(const std::vector<int>& sizes, int align1, int align2, args_vector_t* args) {
	for (int size : sizes) {
	args->push_back({size, align1, align2});
	}
	}

	static args_vector_t GetArgs(const std::vector<int>& sizes) {
	args_vector_t args;
	SetArgs(sizes, &args);
	return args;
	}

	static args_vector_t GetArgs(const std::vector<int>& sizes, int align) {
	args_vector_t args;
	SetArgs(sizes, align, &args);
	return args;
	}

	static args_vector_t GetArgs(const std::vector<int>& sizes, int align1, int align2) {
	args_vector_t args;
	SetArgs(sizes, align1, align2, &args);
	return args;
	}

	std::map<std::string, args_vector_t> GetShorthand() {
	std::vector<int> all_sizes(kSmallSizes);
	all_sizes.insert(all_sizes.end(), kMediumSizes.begin(), kMediumSizes.end());
	all_sizes.insert(all_sizes.end(), kLargeSizes.begin(), kLargeSizes.end());

	std::map<std::string, args_vector_t> args_shorthand {
	{"AT_COMMON_SIZES", GetArgs(kCommonSizes)},
	{"AT_SMALL_SIZES", GetArgs(kSmallSizes)},
	{"AT_MEDIUM_SIZES", GetArgs(kMediumSizes)},
	{"AT_LARGE_SIZES", GetArgs(kLargeSizes)},
	{"AT_ALL_SIZES", GetArgs(all_sizes)},

	{"AT_ALIGNED_ONEBUF", GetArgs(kCommonSizes, 0)},
	{"AT_ALIGNED_ONEBUF_SMALL", GetArgs(kSmallSizes, 0)},
	{"AT_ALIGNED_ONEBUF_MEDIUM", GetArgs(kMediumSizes, 0)},
	{"AT_ALIGNED_ONEBUF_LARGE", GetArgs(kLargeSizes, 0)},
	{"AT_ALIGNED_ONEBUF_ALL", GetArgs(all_sizes, 0)},

	{"AT_ALIGNED_TWOBUF", GetArgs(kCommonSizes, 0, 0)},
	{"AT_ALIGNED_TWOBUF_SMALL", GetArgs(kSmallSizes, 0, 0)},
	{"AT_ALIGNED_TWOBUF_MEDIUM", GetArgs(kMediumSizes, 0, 0)},
	{"AT_ALIGNED_TWOBUF_LARGE", GetArgs(kLargeSizes, 0, 0)},
	{"AT_ALIGNED_TWOBUF_ALL", GetArgs(all_sizes, 0, 0)},

	// Do not exceed 512. that is about the largest number of properties
	// that can be created with the current property area size.
	{"NUM_PROPS", args_vector_t{ {1}, {4}, {16}, {64}, {128}, {256}, {512} }},

	{"MATH_COMMON", args_vector_t{ {0}, {1}, {2}, {3} }},
	{"MATH_SINCOS_COMMON", args_vector_t{ {0}, {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {5}, {6}, {7} }},
	};

	args_vector_t args_onebuf;
	args_vector_t args_twobuf;
	for (int size : all_sizes) {
	args_onebuf.push_back({size, 0});
	args_twobuf.push_back({size, 0, 0});
	// Skip alignments on zero sizes.
	if (size == 0) {
	continue;
	}
	for (int align1 = 1; align1 <= 32; align1 <<= 1) {
	args_onebuf.push_back({size, align1});
	for (int align2 = 1; align2 <= 32; align2 <<= 1) {
	args_twobuf.push_back({size, align1, align2});
	}
	}
	}
	args_shorthand.emplace("AT_MANY_ALIGNED_ONEBUF", args_onebuf);
	args_shorthand.emplace("AT_MANY_ALIGNED_TWOBUF", args_twobuf);

	return args_shorthand;
	}

	static bool FileExists(const std::string& file) {
	struct stat st;
	return stat(file.c_str(), &st) != -1 && S_ISREG(st.st_mode);
	}

	void RegisterAllBenchmarks(const bench_opts_t& opts,
	std::map<std::string, args_vector_t>& args_shorthand) {
	for (auto& entry : g_str_to_func) {
	auto& function_info = entry.second;
	args_vector_t arg_vector;
	args_vector_t* run_args = ResolveArgs(&arg_vector, function_info.second,
	args_shorthand);
	RegisterGoogleBenchmarks(bench_opts_t(), opts, entry.first, run_args);
	}
	}

	int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	std::map<std::string, args_vector_t> args_shorthand = GetShorthand();
	bench_opts_t opts = ParseOpts(argc, argv);
	std::vector<char*> new_argv(argc);
	SanitizeOpts(argc, argv, &new_argv);

	if (opts.xmlpath.empty()) {
	// Don't add the default xml file if a user is specifying the tests to run.
	if (opts.extra_benchmarks.empty()) {
	RegisterAllBenchmarks(opts, args_shorthand);
	}
	} else if (!FileExists(opts.xmlpath)) {
	// See if this is a file in the suites directory.
	std::string file(android::base::GetExecutableDirectory() + "/suites/" + opts.xmlpath);
	if (opts.xmlpath[0] == '/' \|\| !FileExists(file)) {
	printf("Cannot find xml file %s: does not exist or is not a file.\n", opts.xmlpath.c_str());
	return 1;
	}
	opts.xmlpath = file;
	}

	if (!opts.xmlpath.empty()) {
	if (int err = RegisterXmlBenchmarks(opts, args_shorthand)) {
	return err;
	}
	}
	RegisterCliBenchmarks(opts, args_shorthand);

	// Set the thread priority to the maximum.
	if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, -20)) {
	perror("Failed to raise priority of process. Are you root?\n");
	}

	int new_argc = new_argv.size();
	benchmark::Initialize(&new_argc, new_argv.data());
	benchmark::RunSpecifiedBenchmarks();
	}