diff --git a/Android.bp b/Android.bp
index 1240efc..7e41f22 100644
--- a/Android.bp
+++ b/Android.bp
@@ -239,10 +239,7 @@
 
 cc_binary {
     name: "vold_prepare_subdirs",
-    defaults: [
-        "vold_default_flags",
-        "libapexservice-deps",
-    ],
+    defaults: ["vold_default_flags"],
 
     srcs: [
         "vold_prepare_subdirs.cpp",
diff --git a/vdc.cpp b/vdc.cpp
index b63abbb..d3fb9c5 100644
--- a/vdc.cpp
+++ b/vdc.cpp
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
 static void checkStatus(std::vector<std::string>& cmd, android::binder::Status status) {
     if (status.isOk()) return;
     std::string command = ::android::base::Join(cmd, " ");
-    LOG(ERROR) << "Command: " << command << " Failed: " << status.toString8().string();
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Command: " << command << " Failed: " << status.toString8().c_str();
     exit(ENOTTY);
 }
 
diff --git a/vold_prepare_subdirs.cpp b/vold_prepare_subdirs.cpp
index e41e994..e82a7c2 100644
--- a/vold_prepare_subdirs.cpp
+++ b/vold_prepare_subdirs.cpp
@@ -30,11 +30,7 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android-base/result.h>
 #include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
-#include <android/apex/ApexInfo.h>
-#include <android/apex/IApexService.h>
-#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 
 #include <cutils/fs.h>
 #include <selinux/android.h>
@@ -145,35 +141,27 @@
     }
 }
 
-static android::base::Result<std::vector<std::string>> get_apex_list() {
-    auto sm = android::defaultServiceManager();
-    auto binder = sm->waitForService(android::String16("apexservice"));
-    if (binder == nullptr) {
-        return android::base::Error() << "Failed to get apexservice";
-    }
-    auto service = android::interface_cast<android::apex::IApexService>(binder);
-    std::vector<android::apex::ApexInfo> list;
-    auto status = service->getActivePackages(&list);
-    if (!status.isOk()) {
-        return android::base::Error() << status.exceptionMessage().c_str();
-    }
-    std::vector<std::string> names;
-    names.reserve(list.size());
-    for (const auto& apex_info : list) {
-        names.push_back(apex_info.moduleName);
-    }
-    return names;
-}
-
 static bool prepare_apex_subdirs(struct selabel_handle* sehandle, const std::string& path) {
     if (!prepare_dir(sehandle, 0711, 0, 0, path + "/apexdata")) return false;
 
-    auto apex_list = get_apex_list();
-    if (!apex_list.ok()) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << apex_list.error();
+    // Since vold/vold_prepare_subdirs run in the bootstrap mount namespace
+    // we can't get the full list of APEXes by scanning /apex directory.
+    // Instead, we can look up /data/misc/apexdata for the list of APEXes,
+    // which is populated during `perform_apex_config` in init.
+    // Note: `init_user0` should be invoked after `perform_apex_config`.
+    auto dirp = std::unique_ptr<DIR, int (*)(DIR*)>(opendir("/data/misc/apexdata"), closedir);
+    if (!dirp) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to open apex directory";
         return false;
     }
-    for (const auto& name : *apex_list) {
+    struct dirent* entry;
+    while ((entry = readdir(dirp.get())) != nullptr) {
+        if (entry->d_type != DT_DIR) continue;
+
+        const char* name = entry->d_name;
+        // skip any starting with "."
+        if (name[0] == '.') continue;
+
         if (!prepare_dir(sehandle, 0771, AID_ROOT, AID_SYSTEM, path + "/apexdata/" + name)) {
             return false;
         }