Merge "Add and use run_as::run_as_child_app helper" into main
diff --git a/keystore2/Android.bp b/keystore2/Android.bp
index 88b674e..4da0b6a 100644
--- a/keystore2/Android.bp
+++ b/keystore2/Android.bp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 package {
+    default_team: "trendy_team_android_hardware_backed_security",
     // See: http://go/android-license-faq
     // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
     // all of the 'license_kinds' from "system_security_license"
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@
         "liblibc",
         "liblog_rust",
         "libmessage_macro",
+        "libpostprocessor_client",
         "librand",
         "librkpd_client",
         "librustutils",
diff --git a/keystore2/OWNERS b/keystore2/OWNERS
index bf9d61b..1fcc785 100644
--- a/keystore2/OWNERS
+++ b/keystore2/OWNERS
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 set noparent
 # Bug component: 1084732
-eranm@google.com
+cvlasov@google.com
 drysdale@google.com
 hasinitg@google.com
 jbires@google.com
+kwadhera@google.com
 sethmo@google.com
 swillden@google.com
diff --git a/keystore2/aidl/Android.bp b/keystore2/aidl/Android.bp
index ae3fb18..afc2743 100644
--- a/keystore2/aidl/Android.bp
+++ b/keystore2/aidl/Android.bp
@@ -123,6 +123,26 @@
 }
 
 aidl_interface {
+    name: "android.security.postprocessor",
+    srcs: ["android/security/postprocessor/*.aidl"],
+    unstable: true,
+    backend: {
+        java: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+        cpp: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+        ndk: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+        rust: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+aidl_interface {
     name: "android.security.metrics",
     srcs: ["android/security/metrics/*.aidl"],
     imports: [
diff --git a/keystore2/aidl/android/security/postprocessor/CertificateChain.aidl b/keystore2/aidl/android/security/postprocessor/CertificateChain.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d9daad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/keystore2/aidl/android/security/postprocessor/CertificateChain.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright 2024, The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package android.security.postprocessor;
+
+/**
+ * General parcelable for holding the encoded certificates to be used in Keystore. This parcelable
+ * is returned by `IKeystoreCertificatePostProcessor::processKeystoreCertificates`.
+ * @hide
+ */
+@RustDerive(Clone=true)
+parcelable CertificateChain {
+    /**
+     * Holds the DER-encoded representation of the leaf certificate.
+     */
+    byte[] leafCertificate;
+    /**
+     * Holds a byte array containing the concatenation of all the remaining elements of the
+     * certificate chain with root certificate as the last with each certificate represented in
+     * DER-encoded format.
+     */
+    byte[] remainingChain;
+}
diff --git a/keystore2/aidl/android/security/postprocessor/IKeystoreCertificatePostProcessor.aidl b/keystore2/aidl/android/security/postprocessor/IKeystoreCertificatePostProcessor.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ceaacb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/keystore2/aidl/android/security/postprocessor/IKeystoreCertificatePostProcessor.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.security.postprocessor;
+
+import android.security.postprocessor.CertificateChain;
+
+interface IKeystoreCertificatePostProcessor {
+    /**
+     * Allows implementing services to process the keystore certificates after the certificate
+     * chain has been generated.
+     *
+     * certificateChain holds the chain associated with a newly generated Keystore asymmetric
+     * keypair, where the leafCertificate is the certificate for the public key of generated key.
+     * The remaining attestation certificates are stored as a concatenated byte array of the
+     * encoded certificates with root certificate as the last element.
+     *
+     * Successful calls would get the processed certificate chain which then replaces the original
+     * certificate chain. In case of any failures/exceptions, keystore would fallback to the
+     * original certificate chain.
+     *
+     * @hide
+     */
+    CertificateChain processKeystoreCertificates(in CertificateChain certificateChain);
+}
diff --git a/keystore2/postprocessor_client/Android.bp b/keystore2/postprocessor_client/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f0194a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/keystore2/postprocessor_client/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2024, The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "system_security_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_security_license"],
+}
+
+rust_defaults {
+    name: "libpostprocessor_client_defaults",
+    crate_name: "postprocessor_client",
+    srcs: ["src/lib.rs"],
+    rustlibs: [
+        "android.security.postprocessor-rust",
+        "libanyhow",
+        "libbinder_rs",
+        "liblog_rust",
+        "libmessage_macro",
+        "libthiserror",
+    ],
+    defaults: [
+        "keymint_use_latest_hal_aidl_rust",
+    ],
+}
+
+rust_library {
+    name: "libpostprocessor_client",
+    defaults: [
+        "libpostprocessor_client_defaults",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/keystore2/postprocessor_client/src/lib.rs b/keystore2/postprocessor_client/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b347f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/keystore2/postprocessor_client/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// Copyright 2024, The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Helper wrapper around PostProcessor interface.
+
+use android_hardware_security_keymint::aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::Certificate::Certificate;
+use android_security_postprocessor::aidl::android::security::postprocessor::{
+    CertificateChain::CertificateChain,
+    IKeystoreCertificatePostProcessor::IKeystoreCertificatePostProcessor,
+};
+use anyhow::{Context, Result};
+use binder::{StatusCode, Strong};
+use log::{error, info, warn};
+use message_macro::source_location_msg;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::mpsc;
+use std::thread;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+/// Errors occurred during the interaction with Certificate Processor
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, thiserror::Error, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[error("Binder transaction error {0:?}")]
+pub struct Error(pub StatusCode);
+
+static CERT_PROCESSOR_FAILURE: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
+
+fn send_certificate_chain_to_processor(
+    attestation_chain: CertificateChain,
+) -> Result<CertificateChain> {
+    let cert_processing_server: Strong<dyn IKeystoreCertificatePostProcessor> = wait_for_interface(
+        "rkp_cert_processor.service".to_string(),
+    )
+    .context(source_location_msg!("While trying to connect to the post processor service."))?;
+    cert_processing_server
+        .processKeystoreCertificates(&attestation_chain)
+        .context(source_location_msg!("While trying to post process certificates."))
+}
+
+/// Processes the keystore certificates after the certificate chain has been generated by Keystore.
+/// More details about this function provided in IKeystoreCertificatePostProcessor.aidl
+pub fn process_certificate_chain(
+    mut certificates: Vec<Certificate>,
+    attestation_certs: Vec<u8>,
+) -> Vec<Certificate> {
+    // If no certificates are provided from keymint, return the original chain.
+    if certificates.is_empty() {
+        error!("No leaf certificate provided.");
+        return vec![Certificate { encodedCertificate: attestation_certs }];
+    }
+
+    if certificates.len() > 1 {
+        warn!("dropping {} unexpected extra certificates after the leaf", certificates.len() - 1);
+    }
+
+    let attestation_chain = CertificateChain {
+        leafCertificate: certificates[0].encodedCertificate.clone(),
+        remainingChain: attestation_certs.clone(),
+    };
+    let result = send_certificate_chain_to_processor(attestation_chain);
+    match result {
+        Ok(certificate_chain) => {
+            info!("Post processing successful. Replacing certificates.");
+            vec![
+                Certificate { encodedCertificate: certificate_chain.leafCertificate },
+                Certificate { encodedCertificate: certificate_chain.remainingChain },
+            ]
+        }
+        Err(err) => {
+            error!("Failed to replace certificates ({err:#?}), falling back to original chain.");
+            certificates.push(Certificate { encodedCertificate: attestation_certs });
+            certificates
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn wait_for_interface(
+    service_name: String,
+) -> Result<Strong<dyn IKeystoreCertificatePostProcessor>> {
+    if CERT_PROCESSOR_FAILURE.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+        return Err(Error(StatusCode::INVALID_OPERATION).into());
+    }
+    let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
+    let _t = thread::spawn(move || {
+        if let Err(e) = sender.send(binder::wait_for_interface(&service_name)) {
+            error!("failed to send result of wait_for_interface({service_name}), likely due to timeout: {e:?}");
+        }
+    });
+
+    match receiver.recv_timeout(Duration::from_secs(5)) {
+        Ok(service_binder) => Ok(service_binder?),
+        Err(e) => {
+            error!("Timed out while connecting to post processor service: {e:#?}");
+            // Cert processor has failed. Retry only after reboot.
+            CERT_PROCESSOR_FAILURE.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            Err(e.into())
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/keystore2/src/error.rs b/keystore2/src/error.rs
index 5e80266..d57ba0c 100644
--- a/keystore2/src/error.rs
+++ b/keystore2/src/error.rs
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
     ExceptionCode, Result as BinderResult, Status as BinderStatus, StatusCode,
 };
 use keystore2_selinux as selinux;
+use postprocessor_client::Error as PostProcessorError;
 use rkpd_client::Error as RkpdError;
 use std::cmp::PartialEq;
 use std::ffi::CString;
@@ -103,6 +104,14 @@
     }
 }
 
+impl From<PostProcessorError> for Error {
+    fn from(e: PostProcessorError) -> Self {
+        match e {
+            PostProcessorError(s) => Error::BinderTransaction(s),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// Maps an `rkpd_client::Error` that is wrapped with an `anyhow::Error` to a keystore2 `Error`.
 pub fn wrapped_rkpd_error_to_ks_error(e: &anyhow::Error) -> Error {
     match e.downcast_ref::<RkpdError>() {
diff --git a/keystore2/src/security_level.rs b/keystore2/src/security_level.rs
index 89c0e97..233f2ae 100644
--- a/keystore2/src/security_level.rs
+++ b/keystore2/src/security_level.rs
@@ -64,7 +64,9 @@
     KeyMetadata::KeyMetadata, KeyParameters::KeyParameters, ResponseCode::ResponseCode,
 };
 use anyhow::{anyhow, Context, Result};
+use postprocessor_client::process_certificate_chain;
 use rkpd_client::store_rkpd_attestation_key;
+use rustutils::system_properties::read_bool;
 use std::convert::TryInto;
 use std::time::SystemTime;
 
@@ -632,14 +634,30 @@
                     log_security_safe_params(&params)
                 ))
                 .map(|(mut result, _)| {
-                    // The `certificateChain` in a `KeyCreationResult` should normally have one
-                    // `Certificate` for each certificate in the chain. To avoid having to
-                    // unnecessarily parse the RKP chain (which is concatenated DER-encoded certs),
-                    // stuff the whole concatenated chain into a single `Certificate`.
-                    // This is untangled by `store_new_key()`.
-                    result
-                        .certificateChain
-                        .push(Certificate { encodedCertificate: attestation_certs });
+                    if read_bool("remote_provisioning.use_cert_processor", false).unwrap_or(false) {
+                        let _wp = self.watch_millis(
+                            concat!(
+                                "KeystoreSecurityLevel::generate_key (RkpdProvisioned): ",
+                                "calling KeystorePostProcessor::process_certificate_chain",
+                            ),
+                            1000, // Post processing may take a little while due to network call.
+                        );
+                        // process_certificate_chain would either replace the certificate chain if
+                        // post-processing is successful or it would fallback to the original chain
+                        // on failure. In either case, we should get back the certificate chain
+                        // that is fit for storing with the newly generated key.
+                        result.certificateChain =
+                            process_certificate_chain(result.certificateChain, attestation_certs);
+                    } else {
+                        // The `certificateChain` in a `KeyCreationResult` should normally have one
+                        // `Certificate` for each certificate in the chain. To avoid having to
+                        // unnecessarily parse the RKP chain (which is concatenated DER-encoded
+                        // certs), stuff the whole concatenated chain into a single `Certificate`.
+                        // This is untangled by `store_new_key()`.
+                        result
+                            .certificateChain
+                            .push(Certificate { encodedCertificate: attestation_certs });
+                    }
                     result
                 })
             }
diff --git a/keystore2/tests/keystore2_client_authorizations_tests.rs b/keystore2/tests/keystore2_client_authorizations_tests.rs
index 4e83f73..bd9dab9 100644
--- a/keystore2/tests/keystore2_client_authorizations_tests.rs
+++ b/keystore2/tests/keystore2_client_authorizations_tests.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 use crate::keystore2_client_test_utils::{
-    app_attest_key_feature_exists, delete_app_key,
+    app_attest_key_feature_exists, delete_app_key, get_vsr_api_level,
     perform_sample_asym_sign_verify_op, perform_sample_hmac_sign_verify_op,
     perform_sample_sym_key_decrypt_op, perform_sample_sym_key_encrypt_op,
     verify_certificate_serial_num, verify_certificate_subject_name, SAMPLE_PLAIN_TEXT,
@@ -638,6 +638,11 @@
 #[test]
 fn keystore2_gen_key_auth_app_data_app_id_test_success() {
     let sl = SecLevel::tee();
+    if sl.is_keymaster() && get_vsr_api_level() < 35 {
+        // `APPLICATION_DATA` key-parameter is causing the error on older devices, so skipping this
+        // test to run on older devices.
+        return;
+    }
 
     let gen_params = authorizations::AuthSetBuilder::new()
         .no_auth_required()
@@ -669,6 +674,11 @@
 #[test]
 fn keystore2_op_auth_invalid_app_data_app_id_test_fail() {
     let sl = SecLevel::tee();
+    if sl.is_keymaster() && get_vsr_api_level() < 35 {
+        // `APPLICATION_DATA` key-parameter is causing the error on older devices, so skipping this
+        // test to run on older devices.
+        return;
+    }
 
     let gen_params = authorizations::AuthSetBuilder::new()
         .no_auth_required()
@@ -701,6 +711,11 @@
 #[test]
 fn keystore2_op_auth_missing_app_data_test_fail() {
     let sl = SecLevel::tee();
+    if sl.is_keymaster() && get_vsr_api_level() < 35 {
+        // `APPLICATION_DATA` key-parameter is causing the error on older devices, so skipping this
+        // test to run on older devices.
+        return;
+    }
 
     let gen_params = authorizations::AuthSetBuilder::new()
         .no_auth_required()
@@ -733,6 +748,11 @@
 #[test]
 fn keystore2_op_auth_missing_app_id_test_fail() {
     let sl = SecLevel::tee();
+    if sl.is_keymaster() && get_vsr_api_level() < 35 {
+        // `APPLICATION_DATA` key-parameter is causing the error on older devices, so skipping this
+        // test to run on older devices.
+        return;
+    }
 
     let gen_params = authorizations::AuthSetBuilder::new()
         .no_auth_required()
@@ -766,6 +786,11 @@
 fn keystore2_gen_attested_key_auth_app_id_app_data_test_success() {
     skip_test_if_no_app_attest_key_feature!();
     let sl = SecLevel::tee();
+    if sl.is_keymaster() && get_vsr_api_level() < 35 {
+        // `APPLICATION_DATA` key-parameter is causing the error on older devices, so skipping this
+        // test to run on older devices.
+        return;
+    }
 
     // Generate attestation key.
     let attest_gen_params = authorizations::AuthSetBuilder::new()
@@ -822,6 +847,11 @@
 fn keystore2_gen_attestation_key_with_auth_app_id_app_data_test_fail() {
     skip_test_if_no_app_attest_key_feature!();
     let sl = SecLevel::tee();
+    if sl.is_keymaster() && get_vsr_api_level() < 35 {
+        // `APPLICATION_DATA` key-parameter is causing the error on older devices, so skipping this
+        // test to run on older devices.
+        return;
+    }
 
     // Generate attestation key.
     let attest_gen_params = authorizations::AuthSetBuilder::new()
diff --git a/provisioner/rkp_factory_extraction_lib.cpp b/provisioner/rkp_factory_extraction_lib.cpp
index 37b81fd..d4aed45 100644
--- a/provisioner/rkp_factory_extraction_lib.cpp
+++ b/provisioner/rkp_factory_extraction_lib.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <keymaster/cppcose/cppcose.h>
-#include <openssl/base64.h>
 #include <remote_prov/remote_prov_utils.h>
 #include <sys/random.h>
 
@@ -33,6 +32,7 @@
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_set>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "cppbor_parse.h"
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 using aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::MacedPublicKey;
 using aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::ProtectedData;
 using aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::RpcHardwareInfo;
+using aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::remote_prov::BccEntryData;
 using aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::remote_prov::EekChain;
 using aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::remote_prov::generateEekChain;
 using aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::remote_prov::getProdEekChain;
@@ -50,35 +51,13 @@
 using aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::remote_prov::verifyFactoryCsr;
 using aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::remote_prov::verifyFactoryProtectedData;
 
-using namespace cppbor;
-using namespace cppcose;
+using cppbor::Array;
+using cppbor::Map;
+using cppbor::Null;
+template <class T> using ErrMsgOr = cppcose::ErrMsgOr<T>;
 
 constexpr size_t kVersionWithoutSuperencryption = 3;
 
-std::string toBase64(const std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer) {
-    size_t base64Length;
-    int rc = EVP_EncodedLength(&base64Length, buffer.size());
-    if (!rc) {
-        std::cerr << "Error getting base64 length. Size overflow?" << std::endl;
-        exit(-1);
-    }
-
-    std::string base64(base64Length, ' ');
-    rc = EVP_EncodeBlock(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(base64.data()), buffer.data(), buffer.size());
-    ++rc;  // Account for NUL, which BoringSSL does not for some reason.
-    if (rc != base64Length) {
-        std::cerr << "Error writing base64. Expected " << base64Length
-                  << " bytes to be written, but " << rc << " bytes were actually written."
-                  << std::endl;
-        exit(-1);
-    }
-
-    // BoringSSL automatically adds a NUL -- remove it from the string data
-    base64.pop_back();
-
-    return base64;
-}
-
 std::vector<uint8_t> generateChallenge() {
     std::vector<uint8_t> challenge(kChallengeSize);
 
@@ -90,7 +69,8 @@
             if (errno == EINTR) {
                 continue;
             } else {
-                std::cerr << errno << ": " << strerror(errno) << std::endl;
+                std::cerr << "generateChallenge: getrandom returned an error with errno " << errno
+                          << ": " << strerror(errno) << ". Exiting..." << std::endl;
                 exit(-1);
             }
         }
@@ -118,7 +98,7 @@
         return {nullptr, parsedVerifiedDeviceInfo.moveMessage()};
     }
 
-    auto [parsedProtectedData, ignore2, errMsg] = parse(protectedData.protectedData);
+    auto [parsedProtectedData, ignore2, errMsg] = cppbor::parse(protectedData.protectedData);
     if (!parsedProtectedData) {
         std::cerr << "Error parsing protected data: '" << errMsg << "'" << std::endl;
         return {nullptr, errMsg};
@@ -145,7 +125,7 @@
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         std::cerr << "Failed to get hardware info for '" << componentName
                   << "'. Description: " << status.getDescription() << "." << std::endl;
-        exit(-1);
+        return {nullptr, status.getDescription()};
     }
 
     const std::vector<uint8_t> eek = getProdEekChain(hwInfo.supportedEekCurve);
@@ -156,13 +136,14 @@
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         std::cerr << "Bundle extraction failed for '" << componentName
                   << "'. Description: " << status.getDescription() << "." << std::endl;
-        exit(-1);
+        return {nullptr, status.getDescription()};
     }
     return composeCertificateRequestV1(protectedData, verifiedDeviceInfo, challenge, keysToSignMac,
                                        irpc);
 }
 
-void selfTestGetCsrV1(std::string_view componentName, IRemotelyProvisionedComponent* irpc) {
+std::optional<std::string> selfTestGetCsrV1(std::string_view componentName,
+                                            IRemotelyProvisionedComponent* irpc) {
     std::vector<uint8_t> keysToSignMac;
     std::vector<MacedPublicKey> emptyKeys;
     DeviceInfo verifiedDeviceInfo;
@@ -172,14 +153,14 @@
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         std::cerr << "Failed to get hardware info for '" << componentName
                   << "'. Description: " << status.getDescription() << "." << std::endl;
-        exit(-1);
+        return status.getDescription();
     }
 
     const std::vector<uint8_t> eekId = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
     ErrMsgOr<EekChain> eekChain = generateEekChain(hwInfo.supportedEekCurve, /*length=*/3, eekId);
     if (!eekChain) {
         std::cerr << "Error generating test EEK certificate chain: " << eekChain.message();
-        exit(-1);
+        return eekChain.message();
     }
     const std::vector<uint8_t> challenge = generateChallenge();
     status = irpc->generateCertificateRequest(
@@ -188,7 +169,7 @@
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         std::cerr << "Error generating test cert chain for '" << componentName
                   << "'. Description: " << status.getDescription() << "." << std::endl;
-        exit(-1);
+        return status.getDescription();
     }
 
     auto result = verifyFactoryProtectedData(
@@ -198,8 +179,9 @@
     if (!result) {
         std::cerr << "Self test failed for IRemotelyProvisionedComponent '" << componentName
                   << "'. Error message: '" << result.message() << "'." << std::endl;
-        exit(-1);
+        return result.message();
     }
+    return std::nullopt;
 }
 
 CborResult<Array> composeCertificateRequestV3(const std::vector<uint8_t>& csr) {
@@ -223,9 +205,8 @@
     return {std::unique_ptr<Array>(parsedCsr.release()->asArray()), ""};
 }
 
-CborResult<cppbor::Array> getCsrV3(std::string_view componentName,
-                                   IRemotelyProvisionedComponent* irpc, bool selfTest,
-                                   bool allowDegenerate) {
+CborResult<Array> getCsrV3(std::string_view componentName, IRemotelyProvisionedComponent* irpc,
+                           bool selfTest, bool allowDegenerate, bool requireUdsCerts) {
     std::vector<uint8_t> csr;
     std::vector<MacedPublicKey> emptyKeys;
     const std::vector<uint8_t> challenge = generateChallenge();
@@ -234,16 +215,17 @@
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         std::cerr << "Bundle extraction failed for '" << componentName
                   << "'. Description: " << status.getDescription() << "." << std::endl;
-        exit(-1);
+        return {nullptr, status.getDescription()};
     }
 
     if (selfTest) {
-        auto result = verifyFactoryCsr(/*keysToSign=*/cppbor::Array(), csr, irpc,
-                                       std::string(componentName), challenge, allowDegenerate);
+        auto result =
+            verifyFactoryCsr(/*keysToSign=*/cppbor::Array(), csr, irpc, std::string(componentName),
+                             challenge, allowDegenerate, requireUdsCerts);
         if (!result) {
             std::cerr << "Self test failed for IRemotelyProvisionedComponent '" << componentName
                       << "'. Error message: '" << result.message() << "'." << std::endl;
-            exit(-1);
+            return {nullptr, result.message()};
         }
     }
 
@@ -251,35 +233,35 @@
 }
 
 CborResult<Array> getCsr(std::string_view componentName, IRemotelyProvisionedComponent* irpc,
-                         bool selfTest, bool allowDegenerate) {
+                         bool selfTest, bool allowDegenerate, bool requireUdsCerts) {
     RpcHardwareInfo hwInfo;
     auto status = irpc->getHardwareInfo(&hwInfo);
     if (!status.isOk()) {
         std::cerr << "Failed to get hardware info for '" << componentName
                   << "'. Description: " << status.getDescription() << "." << std::endl;
-        exit(-1);
+        return {nullptr, status.getDescription()};
     }
 
     if (hwInfo.versionNumber < kVersionWithoutSuperencryption) {
         if (selfTest) {
-            selfTestGetCsrV1(componentName, irpc);
+            auto errMsg = selfTestGetCsrV1(componentName, irpc);
+            if (errMsg) {
+                return {nullptr, *errMsg};
+            }
         }
         return getCsrV1(componentName, irpc);
     } else {
-        return getCsrV3(componentName, irpc, selfTest, allowDegenerate);
+        return getCsrV3(componentName, irpc, selfTest, allowDegenerate, requireUdsCerts);
     }
 }
 
-bool isRemoteProvisioningSupported(IRemotelyProvisionedComponent* irpc) {
-    RpcHardwareInfo hwInfo;
-    auto status = irpc->getHardwareInfo(&hwInfo);
-    if (status.isOk()) {
-        return true;
+std::unordered_set<std::string> parseCommaDelimited(const std::string& input) {
+    std::stringstream ss(input);
+    std::unordered_set<std::string> result;
+    while (ss.good()) {
+        std::string name;
+        std::getline(ss, name, ',');
+        result.insert(name);
     }
-    if (status.getExceptionCode() == EX_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    std::cerr << "Unexpected error when getting hardware info. Description: "
-              << status.getDescription() << "." << std::endl;
-    exit(-1);
-}
+    return result;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/provisioner/rkp_factory_extraction_lib.h b/provisioner/rkp_factory_extraction_lib.h
index 94bd751..2c1e2ff 100644
--- a/provisioner/rkp_factory_extraction_lib.h
+++ b/provisioner/rkp_factory_extraction_lib.h
@@ -23,8 +23,12 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_set>
 #include <vector>
 
+// Parse a comma-delimited string.
+std::unordered_set<std::string> parseCommaDelimited(const std::string& input);
+
 // Challenge size must be between 32 and 64 bytes inclusive.
 constexpr size_t kChallengeSize = 64;
 
@@ -35,9 +39,6 @@
     std::string errMsg;
 };
 
-// Return `buffer` encoded as a base64 string.
-std::string toBase64(const std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer);
-
 // Generate a random challenge containing `kChallengeSize` bytes.
 std::vector<uint8_t> generateChallenge();
 
@@ -47,13 +48,4 @@
 CborResult<cppbor::Array>
 getCsr(std::string_view componentName,
        aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::IRemotelyProvisionedComponent* irpc,
-       bool selfTest, bool allowDegenerate);
-
-// Generates a test certificate chain and validates it, exiting the process on error.
-void selfTestGetCsr(
-    std::string_view componentName,
-    aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::IRemotelyProvisionedComponent* irpc);
-
-// Returns true if the given IRemotelyProvisionedComponent supports remote provisioning.
-bool isRemoteProvisioningSupported(
-    aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::IRemotelyProvisionedComponent* irpc);
+       bool selfTest, bool allowDegenerate, bool requireUdsCerts);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/provisioner/rkp_factory_extraction_lib_test.cpp b/provisioner/rkp_factory_extraction_lib_test.cpp
index 247c508..746ce41 100644
--- a/provisioner/rkp_factory_extraction_lib_test.cpp
+++ b/provisioner/rkp_factory_extraction_lib_test.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <openssl/base64.h>
+#include <remote_prov/MockIRemotelyProvisionedComponent.h>
 
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
@@ -60,26 +62,29 @@
 
 }  // namespace cppbor
 
-class MockIRemotelyProvisionedComponent : public IRemotelyProvisionedComponentDefault {
-  public:
-    MOCK_METHOD(ScopedAStatus, getHardwareInfo, (RpcHardwareInfo * _aidl_return), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(ScopedAStatus, generateEcdsaP256KeyPair,
-                (bool in_testMode, MacedPublicKey* out_macedPublicKey,
-                 std::vector<uint8_t>* _aidl_return),
-                (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(ScopedAStatus, generateCertificateRequest,
-                (bool in_testMode, const std::vector<MacedPublicKey>& in_keysToSign,
-                 const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_endpointEncryptionCertChain,
-                 const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_challenge, DeviceInfo* out_deviceInfo,
-                 ProtectedData* out_protectedData, std::vector<uint8_t>* _aidl_return),
-                (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(ScopedAStatus, generateCertificateRequestV2,
-                (const std::vector<MacedPublicKey>& in_keysToSign,
-                 const std::vector<uint8_t>& in_challenge, std::vector<uint8_t>* _aidl_return),
-                (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(ScopedAStatus, getInterfaceVersion, (int32_t * _aidl_return), (override));
-    MOCK_METHOD(ScopedAStatus, getInterfaceHash, (std::string * _aidl_return), (override));
-};
+std::string toBase64(const std::vector<uint8_t>& buffer) {
+    size_t base64Length;
+    int rc = EVP_EncodedLength(&base64Length, buffer.size());
+    if (!rc) {
+        std::cerr << "Error getting base64 length. Size overflow?" << std::endl;
+        exit(-1);
+    }
+
+    std::string base64(base64Length, ' ');
+    rc = EVP_EncodeBlock(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(base64.data()), buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+    ++rc;  // Account for NUL, which BoringSSL does not for some reason.
+    if (rc != base64Length) {
+        std::cerr << "Error writing base64. Expected " << base64Length
+                  << " bytes to be written, but " << rc << " bytes were actually written."
+                  << std::endl;
+        exit(-1);
+    }
+
+    // BoringSSL automatically adds a NUL -- remove it from the string data
+    base64.pop_back();
+
+    return base64;
+}
 
 TEST(LibRkpFactoryExtractionTests, ToBase64) {
     std::vector<uint8_t> input(UINT8_MAX + 1);
@@ -87,7 +92,7 @@
         input[i] = i;
     }
 
-    // Test three lengths so we get all the different paddding options
+    // Test three lengths so we get all the different padding options
     EXPECT_EQ("AAECAwQFBgcICQoLDA0ODxAREhMUFRYXGBkaGxwdHh8gISIjJCUmJygpKissLS4"
               "vMDEyMzQ1Njc4OTo7PD0+P0BBQkNERUZHSElKS0xNTk9QUVJTVFVWV1hZWltcXV"
               "5fYGFiY2RlZmdoaWprbG1ub3BxcnN0dXZ3eHl6e3x9fn+AgYKDhIWGh4iJiouMj"
@@ -160,7 +165,7 @@
     std::vector<uint8_t> challenge;
 
     // Set up mock, then call getSCsr
-    auto mockRpc = SharedRefBase::make<MockIRemotelyProvisionedComponent>();
+    auto mockRpc = SharedRefBase::make<remote_prov::MockIRemotelyProvisionedComponent>();
     EXPECT_CALL(*mockRpc, getHardwareInfo(NotNull())).WillRepeatedly([](RpcHardwareInfo* hwInfo) {
         hwInfo->versionNumber = 2;
         return ScopedAStatus::ok();
@@ -180,8 +185,9 @@
                         SetArgPointee<6>(kFakeMac),             //
                         Return(ByMove(ScopedAStatus::ok()))));  //
 
-    auto [csr, csrErrMsg] = getCsr("mock component name", mockRpc.get(),
-                                   /*selfTest=*/false, /*allowDegenerate=*/true);
+    auto [csr, csrErrMsg] =
+        getCsr("mock component name", mockRpc.get(),
+               /*selfTest=*/false, /*allowDegenerate=*/true, /*requireUdsCerts=*/false);
     ASSERT_THAT(csr, NotNull()) << csrErrMsg;
     ASSERT_THAT(csr->asArray(), Pointee(Property(&Array::size, Eq(4))));
 
@@ -230,7 +236,7 @@
 
 TEST(LibRkpFactoryExtractionTests, GetCsrWithV3Hal) {
     const std::vector<uint8_t> kCsr = Array()
-                                          .add(3 /* version */)
+                                          .add(1 /* version */)
                                           .add(Map() /* UdsCerts */)
                                           .add(Array() /* DiceCertChain */)
                                           .add(Array() /* SignedData */)
@@ -238,7 +244,7 @@
     std::vector<uint8_t> challenge;
 
     // Set up mock, then call getCsr
-    auto mockRpc = SharedRefBase::make<MockIRemotelyProvisionedComponent>();
+    auto mockRpc = SharedRefBase::make<remote_prov::MockIRemotelyProvisionedComponent>();
     EXPECT_CALL(*mockRpc, getHardwareInfo(NotNull())).WillRepeatedly([](RpcHardwareInfo* hwInfo) {
         hwInfo->versionNumber = 3;
         return ScopedAStatus::ok();
@@ -250,12 +256,13 @@
         .WillOnce(DoAll(SaveArg<1>(&challenge), SetArgPointee<2>(kCsr),
                         Return(ByMove(ScopedAStatus::ok()))));
 
-    auto [csr, csrErrMsg] = getCsr("mock component name", mockRpc.get(),
-                                   /*selfTest=*/false, /*allowDegenerate=*/true);
+    auto [csr, csrErrMsg] =
+        getCsr("mock component name", mockRpc.get(),
+               /*selfTest=*/false, /*allowDegenerate=*/true, /*requireUdsCerts=*/false);
     ASSERT_THAT(csr, NotNull()) << csrErrMsg;
     ASSERT_THAT(csr, Pointee(Property(&Array::size, Eq(5))));
 
-    EXPECT_THAT(csr->get(0 /* version */), Pointee(Eq(Uint(3))));
+    EXPECT_THAT(csr->get(0 /* version */), Pointee(Eq(Uint(1))));
     EXPECT_THAT(csr->get(1)->asMap(), NotNull());
     EXPECT_THAT(csr->get(2)->asArray(), NotNull());
     EXPECT_THAT(csr->get(3)->asArray(), NotNull());
@@ -266,3 +273,72 @@
     const Tstr fingerprint(android::base::GetProperty("ro.build.fingerprint", ""));
     EXPECT_THAT(*unverifedDeviceInfo->get("fingerprint")->asTstr(), Eq(fingerprint));
 }
+
+TEST(LibRkpFactoryExtractionTests, requireUdsCerts) {
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> kCsr = Array()
+                                          .add(1 /* version */)
+                                          .add(Map() /* UdsCerts */)
+                                          .add(Array() /* DiceCertChain */)
+                                          .add(Array() /* SignedData */)
+                                          .encode();
+    std::vector<uint8_t> challenge;
+
+    // Set up mock, then call getCsr
+    auto mockRpc = SharedRefBase::make<remote_prov::MockIRemotelyProvisionedComponent>();
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockRpc, getHardwareInfo(NotNull())).WillRepeatedly([](RpcHardwareInfo* hwInfo) {
+        hwInfo->versionNumber = 3;
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    });
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockRpc,
+                generateCertificateRequestV2(IsEmpty(),   // keysToSign
+                                             _,           // challenge
+                                             NotNull()))  // _aidl_return
+        .WillOnce(DoAll(SaveArg<1>(&challenge), SetArgPointee<2>(kCsr),
+                        Return(ByMove(ScopedAStatus::ok()))));
+
+    auto [csr, csrErrMsg] =
+        getCsr("mock component name", mockRpc.get(),
+               /*selfTest=*/true, /*allowDegenerate=*/false, /*requireUdsCerts=*/true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(csr, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_THAT(csrErrMsg, testing::HasSubstr("UdsCerts must not be empty"));
+}
+
+TEST(LibRkpFactoryExtractionTests, dontRequireUdsCerts) {
+    const std::vector<uint8_t> kCsr = Array()
+                                          .add(1 /* version */)
+                                          .add(Map() /* UdsCerts */)
+                                          .add(Array() /* DiceCertChain */)
+                                          .add(Array() /* SignedData */)
+                                          .encode();
+    std::vector<uint8_t> challenge;
+
+    // Set up mock, then call getCsr
+    auto mockRpc = SharedRefBase::make<remote_prov::MockIRemotelyProvisionedComponent>();
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockRpc, getHardwareInfo(NotNull())).WillRepeatedly([](RpcHardwareInfo* hwInfo) {
+        hwInfo->versionNumber = 3;
+        return ScopedAStatus::ok();
+    });
+    EXPECT_CALL(*mockRpc,
+                generateCertificateRequestV2(IsEmpty(),   // keysToSign
+                                             _,           // challenge
+                                             NotNull()))  // _aidl_return
+        .WillOnce(DoAll(SaveArg<1>(&challenge), SetArgPointee<2>(kCsr),
+                        Return(ByMove(ScopedAStatus::ok()))));
+
+    auto [csr, csrErrMsg] =
+        getCsr("mock component name", mockRpc.get(),
+               /*selfTest=*/true, /*allowDegenerate=*/false, /*requireUdsCerts=*/false);
+    ASSERT_EQ(csr, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_THAT(csrErrMsg, testing::Not(testing::HasSubstr("UdsCerts must not be empty")));
+}
+
+TEST(LibRkpFactoryExtractionTests, parseCommaDelimitedString) {
+    const auto& rpcNames = "default,avf,,default,Strongbox,strongbox,,";
+    const auto& rpcSet = parseCommaDelimited(rpcNames);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(rpcSet.size(), 5);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(rpcSet.count("default") == 1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(rpcSet.count("avf") == 1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(rpcSet.count("strongbox") == 1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(rpcSet.count("Strongbox") == 1);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/provisioner/rkp_factory_extraction_tool.cpp b/provisioner/rkp_factory_extraction_tool.cpp
index c0f6beb..eaa0acc 100644
--- a/provisioner/rkp_factory_extraction_tool.cpp
+++ b/provisioner/rkp_factory_extraction_tool.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 #include <future>
 #include <string>
+#include <unordered_set>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "DrmRkpAdapter.h"
@@ -33,10 +34,10 @@
 
 using aidl::android::hardware::drm::IDrmFactory;
 using aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::IRemotelyProvisionedComponent;
+using aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::RpcHardwareInfo;
+using aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::remote_prov::deviceSuffix;
 using aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::remote_prov::jsonEncodeCsrWithBuild;
-
-using namespace cppbor;
-using namespace cppcose;
+using aidl::android::hardware::security::keymint::remote_prov::RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME;
 
 DEFINE_string(output_format, "build+csr", "How to format the output. Defaults to 'build+csr'.");
 DEFINE_bool(self_test, true,
@@ -47,6 +48,10 @@
             "If true, self_test validation will allow degenerate DICE chains in the CSR.");
 DEFINE_string(serialno_prop, "ro.serialno",
               "The property of getting serial number. Defaults to 'ro.serialno'.");
+DEFINE_string(require_uds_certs, "",
+              "The comma-delimited names of remotely provisioned "
+              "components whose UDS certificate chains are required to be present in the CSR. "
+              "Example: avf,default,strongbox");
 
 namespace {
 
@@ -59,15 +64,15 @@
     return  std::string(descriptor) + "/" + name;
 }
 
-void writeOutput(const std::string instance_name, const Array& csr) {
+void writeOutput(const std::string instance_name, const cppbor::Array& csr) {
     if (FLAGS_output_format == kBinaryCsrOutput) {
         auto bytes = csr.encode();
         std::copy(bytes.begin(), bytes.end(), std::ostream_iterator<char>(std::cout));
     } else if (FLAGS_output_format == kBuildPlusCsr) {
         auto [json, error] = jsonEncodeCsrWithBuild(instance_name, csr, FLAGS_serialno_prop);
         if (!error.empty()) {
-            std::cerr << "Error JSON encoding the output: " << error;
-            exit(1);
+            std::cerr << "Error JSON encoding the output: " << error << std::endl;
+            exit(-1);
         }
         std::cout << json << std::endl;
     } else {
@@ -75,20 +80,28 @@
         std::cerr << "Valid formats:" << std::endl;
         std::cerr << "  " << kBinaryCsrOutput << std::endl;
         std::cerr << "  " << kBuildPlusCsr << std::endl;
-        exit(1);
+        exit(-1);
     }
 }
 
-void getCsrForIRpc(const char* descriptor, const char* name, IRemotelyProvisionedComponent* irpc) {
+void getCsrForIRpc(const char* descriptor, const char* name, IRemotelyProvisionedComponent* irpc,
+                   bool requireUdsCerts) {
     // AVF RKP HAL is not always supported, so we need to check if it is supported before
     // generating the CSR.
-    if (std::string(name) == "avf" && !isRemoteProvisioningSupported(irpc)) {
-        return;
+    if (std::string(name) == deviceSuffix(RKPVM_INSTANCE_NAME)) {
+        RpcHardwareInfo hwInfo;
+        auto status = irpc->getHardwareInfo(&hwInfo);
+        if (!status.isOk()) {
+            return;
+        }
     }
-    auto [request, errMsg] = getCsr(name, irpc, FLAGS_self_test, FLAGS_allow_degenerate);
-    auto fullName = getFullServiceName(descriptor, name);
+
+    auto [request, errMsg] =
+        getCsr(name, irpc, FLAGS_self_test, FLAGS_allow_degenerate, requireUdsCerts);
     if (!request) {
-        std::cerr << "Unable to build CSR for '" << fullName << ": " << errMsg << std::endl;
+        auto fullName = getFullServiceName(descriptor, name);
+        std::cerr << "Unable to build CSR for '" << fullName << "': " << errMsg << ", exiting."
+                  << std::endl;
         exit(-1);
     }
 
@@ -97,23 +110,33 @@
 
 // Callback for AServiceManager_forEachDeclaredInstance that writes out a CSR
 // for every IRemotelyProvisionedComponent.
-void getCsrForInstance(const char* name, void* /*context*/) {
+void getCsrForInstance(const char* name, void* context) {
     auto fullName = getFullServiceName(IRemotelyProvisionedComponent::descriptor, name);
-    std::future<AIBinder*> wait_for_service_func =
+    std::future<AIBinder*> waitForServiceFunc =
         std::async(std::launch::async, AServiceManager_waitForService, fullName.c_str());
-    if (wait_for_service_func.wait_for(std::chrono::seconds(10)) == std::future_status::timeout) {
-        std::cerr << "Wait for service timed out after 10 seconds: " << fullName;
+    if (waitForServiceFunc.wait_for(std::chrono::seconds(10)) == std::future_status::timeout) {
+        std::cerr << "Wait for service timed out after 10 seconds: '" << fullName << "', exiting."
+                  << std::endl;
         exit(-1);
     }
-    AIBinder* rkpAiBinder = wait_for_service_func.get();
+    AIBinder* rkpAiBinder = waitForServiceFunc.get();
     ::ndk::SpAIBinder rkp_binder(rkpAiBinder);
-    auto rkp_service = IRemotelyProvisionedComponent::fromBinder(rkp_binder);
-    if (!rkp_service) {
-        std::cerr << "Unable to get binder object for '" << fullName << "', skipping.";
+    auto rkpService = IRemotelyProvisionedComponent::fromBinder(rkp_binder);
+    if (!rkpService) {
+        std::cerr << "Unable to get binder object for '" << fullName << "', exiting." << std::endl;
         exit(-1);
     }
 
-    getCsrForIRpc(IRemotelyProvisionedComponent::descriptor, name, rkp_service.get());
+    if (context == nullptr) {
+        std::cerr << "Unable to get context for '" << fullName << "', exiting." << std::endl;
+        exit(-1);
+    }
+
+    auto requireUdsCertsRpcNames = static_cast<std::unordered_set<std::string>*>(context);
+    auto requireUdsCerts = requireUdsCertsRpcNames->count(name) != 0;
+    requireUdsCertsRpcNames->erase(name);
+    getCsrForIRpc(IRemotelyProvisionedComponent::descriptor, name, rkpService.get(),
+                  requireUdsCerts);
 }
 
 }  // namespace
@@ -121,12 +144,21 @@
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     gflags::ParseCommandLineFlags(&argc, &argv, /*remove_flags=*/true);
 
+    auto requireUdsCertsRpcNames = parseCommaDelimited(FLAGS_require_uds_certs);
+
     AServiceManager_forEachDeclaredInstance(IRemotelyProvisionedComponent::descriptor,
-                                            /*context=*/nullptr, getCsrForInstance);
+                                            &requireUdsCertsRpcNames, getCsrForInstance);
 
     // Append drm csr's
-    for (auto const& e : android::mediadrm::getDrmRemotelyProvisionedComponents()) {
-        getCsrForIRpc(IDrmFactory::descriptor, e.first.c_str(), e.second.get());
+    for (auto const& [name, irpc] : android::mediadrm::getDrmRemotelyProvisionedComponents()) {
+        auto requireUdsCerts = requireUdsCertsRpcNames.count(name) != 0;
+        requireUdsCertsRpcNames.erase(name);
+        getCsrForIRpc(IDrmFactory::descriptor, name.c_str(), irpc.get(), requireUdsCerts);
+    }
+
+    for (auto const& rpcName : requireUdsCertsRpcNames) {
+        std::cerr << "WARNING: You requested to enforce the presence of UDS Certs for '" << rpcName
+                  << "', but no Remotely Provisioned Component had that name." << std::endl;
     }
 
     return 0;