diff --git a/adb/adb_trace.cpp b/adb/adb_trace.cpp
index 369dec9..002d061 100644
--- a/adb/adb_trace.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb_trace.cpp
@@ -155,7 +155,24 @@
     }
 #endif
 
+#if !defined(_WIN32)
+    // adb historically ignored $ANDROID_LOG_TAGS but passed it through to logcat.
+    // If set, move it out of the way so that libbase logging doesn't try to parse it.
+    std::string log_tags;
+    char* ANDROID_LOG_TAGS = getenv("ANDROID_LOG_TAGS");
+    if (ANDROID_LOG_TAGS) {
+        log_tags = ANDROID_LOG_TAGS;
+        unsetenv("ANDROID_LOG_TAGS");
+    }
+#endif
+
     android::base::InitLogging(argv, &AdbLogger);
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32)
+    // Put $ANDROID_LOG_TAGS back so we can pass it to logcat.
+    if (!log_tags.empty()) setenv("ANDROID_LOG_TAGS", log_tags.c_str(), 1);
+#endif
+
     setup_trace_mask();
 
     VLOG(ADB) << adb_version();
diff --git a/adb/bugreport.cpp b/adb/bugreport.cpp
index 24be529..143c62a 100644
--- a/adb/bugreport.cpp
+++ b/adb/bugreport.cpp
@@ -240,8 +240,7 @@
         // Uses a default value until device provides the proper name
         dest_file = "bugreport.zip";
     } else {
-        if (!android::base::EndsWith(dest_file, ".zip")) {
-            // TODO: use a case-insensitive comparison (like EndsWithIgnoreCase
+        if (!android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(dest_file, ".zip")) {
             dest_file += ".zip";
         }
     }
diff --git a/adb/commandline.cpp b/adb/commandline.cpp
index fe5d280..1f03c1a 100644
--- a/adb/commandline.cpp
+++ b/adb/commandline.cpp
@@ -1983,20 +1983,15 @@
 static int install_app(TransportType transport, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv) {
     // The last argument must be the APK file
     const char* file = argv[argc - 1];
-    const char* dot = strrchr(file, '.');
-    bool found_apk = false;
-    struct stat sb;
-    if (dot && !strcasecmp(dot, ".apk")) {
-        if (stat(file, &sb) == -1 || !S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Invalid APK file: %s\n", file);
-            return EXIT_FAILURE;
-        }
-        found_apk = true;
+    if (!android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apk")) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Filename doesn't end .apk: %s\n", file);
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
     }
 
-    if (!found_apk) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Missing APK file\n");
-        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    struct stat sb;
+    if (stat(file, &sb) == -1) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to stat %s: %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
+        return 1;
     }
 
     int localFd = adb_open(file, O_RDONLY);
@@ -2042,22 +2037,16 @@
 static int install_multiple_app(TransportType transport, const char* serial, int argc,
                                 const char** argv)
 {
-    int i;
-    struct stat sb;
-    uint64_t total_size = 0;
     // Find all APK arguments starting at end.
     // All other arguments passed through verbatim.
     int first_apk = -1;
-    for (i = argc - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    uint64_t total_size = 0;
+    for (int i = argc - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
         const char* file = argv[i];
-        const char* dot = strrchr(file, '.');
-        if (dot && !strcasecmp(dot, ".apk")) {
-            if (stat(file, &sb) == -1 || !S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "Invalid APK file: %s\n", file);
-                return EXIT_FAILURE;
-            }
 
-            total_size += sb.st_size;
+        if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apk")) {
+            struct stat sb;
+            if (stat(file, &sb) != -1) total_size += sb.st_size;
             first_apk = i;
         } else {
             break;
@@ -2065,7 +2054,7 @@
     }
 
     if (first_apk == -1) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Missing APK file\n");
+        fprintf(stderr, "No APK file on command line\n");
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -2077,7 +2066,7 @@
     }
 
     std::string cmd = android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-create -S %" PRIu64, install_cmd.c_str(), total_size);
-    for (i = 1; i < first_apk; i++) {
+    for (int i = 1; i < first_apk; i++) {
         cmd += " " + escape_arg(argv[i]);
     }
 
@@ -2109,10 +2098,11 @@
 
     // Valid session, now stream the APKs
     int success = 1;
-    for (i = first_apk; i < argc; i++) {
+    for (int i = first_apk; i < argc; i++) {
         const char* file = argv[i];
+        struct stat sb;
         if (stat(file, &sb) == -1) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to stat %s\n", file);
+            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to stat %s: %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
             success = 0;
             goto finalize_session;
         }
@@ -2212,10 +2202,8 @@
     static const char *const DATA_DEST = "/data/local/tmp/%s";
     static const char *const SD_DEST = "/sdcard/tmp/%s";
     const char* where = DATA_DEST;
-    int i;
-    struct stat sb;
 
-    for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
         if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-s")) {
             where = SD_DEST;
         }
@@ -2224,22 +2212,15 @@
     // Find last APK argument.
     // All other arguments passed through verbatim.
     int last_apk = -1;
-    for (i = argc - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
-        const char* file = argv[i];
-        const char* dot = strrchr(file, '.');
-        if (dot && !strcasecmp(dot, ".apk")) {
-            if (stat(file, &sb) == -1 || !S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "Invalid APK file: %s\n", file);
-                return EXIT_FAILURE;
-            }
-
+    for (int i = argc - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(argv[i], ".apk")) {
             last_apk = i;
             break;
         }
     }
 
     if (last_apk == -1) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Missing APK file\n");
+        fprintf(stderr, "No APK file on command line\n");
         return EXIT_FAILURE;
     }
 
diff --git a/adb/test_device.py b/adb/test_device.py
index 4c5563f..02a16e4 100644
--- a/adb/test_device.py
+++ b/adb/test_device.py
@@ -484,8 +484,12 @@
         self.device.shell(proc_query)
         os.kill(sleep_proc.pid, signal.SIGINT)
         sleep_proc.communicate()
-        self.assertEqual(1, self.device.shell_nocheck(proc_query)[0],
-                         'subprocess failed to terminate')
+
+        # It can take some time for the process to receive the signal and die.
+        end_time = time.time() + 3
+        while self.device.shell_nocheck(proc_query)[0] != 1:
+            self.assertFalse(time.time() > end_time,
+                             'subprocess failed to terminate in time')
 
     def test_non_interactive_stdin(self):
         """Tests that non-interactive shells send stdin."""
@@ -518,13 +522,14 @@
             trap "echo SIGINT > {path}; exit 0" SIGINT
             trap "echo SIGHUP > {path}; exit 0" SIGHUP
             echo Waiting
-            while true; do sleep 100; done
+            read
         """.format(path=log_path)
 
         script = ";".join([x.strip() for x in script.strip().splitlines()])
 
-        process = self.device.shell_popen(
-            ["sh", "-c", "'{}'".format(script)], kill_atexit=False, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+        process = self.device.shell_popen([script], kill_atexit=False,
+                                          stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
+                                          stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
 
         self.assertEqual("Waiting\n", process.stdout.readline())
         process.send_signal(signal.SIGINT)
@@ -532,7 +537,7 @@
 
         # Waiting for the local adb to finish is insufficient, since it hangs
         # up immediately.
-        time.sleep(0.25)
+        time.sleep(1)
 
         stdout, _ = self.device.shell(["cat", log_path])
         self.assertEqual(stdout.strip(), "SIGHUP")
diff --git a/adb/transport_local.cpp b/adb/transport_local.cpp
index ea2bf77..ba2b28d 100644
--- a/adb/transport_local.cpp
+++ b/adb/transport_local.cpp
@@ -226,7 +226,8 @@
             D("server: new connection on fd %d", fd);
             close_on_exec(fd);
             disable_tcp_nagle(fd);
-            if (register_socket_transport(fd, "host", port, 1) != 0) {
+            std::string serial = android::base::StringPrintf("host-%d", fd);
+            if (register_socket_transport(fd, serial.c_str(), port, 1) != 0) {
                 adb_close(fd);
             }
         }
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/strings.h b/base/include/android-base/strings.h
index 69781cd..b8a9289 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/strings.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/strings.h
@@ -58,9 +58,11 @@
 
 // Tests whether 's' starts with 'prefix'.
 bool StartsWith(const std::string& s, const char* prefix);
+bool StartsWithIgnoreCase(const std::string& s, const char* prefix);
 
 // Tests whether 's' ends with 'suffix'.
 bool EndsWith(const std::string& s, const char* suffix);
+bool EndsWithIgnoreCase(const std::string& s, const char* suffix);
 
 }  // namespace base
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/base/strings.cpp b/base/strings.cpp
index b8775df..7a94ad7 100644
--- a/base/strings.cpp
+++ b/base/strings.cpp
@@ -87,17 +87,29 @@
 template std::string Join(const std::vector<const char*>&, const std::string&);
 
 bool StartsWith(const std::string& s, const char* prefix) {
-  return s.compare(0, strlen(prefix), prefix) == 0;
+  return strncmp(s.c_str(), prefix, strlen(prefix)) == 0;
 }
 
-bool EndsWith(const std::string& s, const char* suffix) {
+bool StartsWithIgnoreCase(const std::string& s, const char* prefix) {
+  return strncasecmp(s.c_str(), prefix, strlen(prefix)) == 0;
+}
+
+static bool EndsWith(const std::string& s, const char* suffix, bool case_sensitive) {
   size_t suffix_length = strlen(suffix);
   size_t string_length = s.size();
   if (suffix_length > string_length) {
     return false;
   }
   size_t offset = string_length - suffix_length;
-  return s.compare(offset, suffix_length, suffix) == 0;
+  return (case_sensitive ? strncmp : strncasecmp)(s.c_str() + offset, suffix, suffix_length) == 0;
+}
+
+bool EndsWith(const std::string& s, const char* suffix) {
+  return EndsWith(s, suffix, true);
+}
+
+bool EndsWithIgnoreCase(const std::string& s, const char* suffix) {
+  return EndsWith(s, suffix, false);
 }
 
 }  // namespace base
diff --git a/base/strings_test.cpp b/base/strings_test.cpp
index 30ae29e..5fb21dd 100644
--- a/base/strings_test.cpp
+++ b/base/strings_test.cpp
@@ -134,44 +134,113 @@
               "2,1" == android::base::Join(list, ','));
 }
 
-TEST(strings, startswith_empty) {
+TEST(strings, StartsWith_empty) {
   ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::StartsWith("", "foo"));
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWith("", ""));
 }
 
-TEST(strings, startswith_simple) {
+TEST(strings, StartsWithIgnoreCase_empty) {
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("", "foo"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("", ""));
+}
+
+TEST(strings, StartsWith_simple) {
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWith("foo", ""));
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWith("foo", "f"));
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWith("foo", "fo"));
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWith("foo", "foo"));
 }
 
-TEST(strings, startswith_prefix_too_long) {
+TEST(strings, StartsWithIgnoreCase_simple) {
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foo", ""));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "f"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "F"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "fo"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "fO"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "Fo"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "FO"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "foo"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "foO"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "fOo"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "fOO"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "Foo"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "FoO"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "FOo"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "FOO"));
+}
+
+TEST(strings, StartsWith_prefix_too_long) {
   ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::StartsWith("foo", "foobar"));
 }
 
-TEST(strings, startswith_contains_prefix) {
+TEST(strings, StartsWithIgnoreCase_prefix_too_long) {
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "foobar"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "FOOBAR"));
+}
+
+TEST(strings, StartsWith_contains_prefix) {
   ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::StartsWith("foobar", "oba"));
   ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::StartsWith("foobar", "bar"));
 }
 
-TEST(strings, endswith_empty) {
+TEST(strings, StartsWithIgnoreCase_contains_prefix) {
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foobar", "oba"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foobar", "OBA"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foobar", "bar"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foobar", "BAR"));
+}
+
+TEST(strings, EndsWith_empty) {
   ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::EndsWith("", "foo"));
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWith("", ""));
 }
 
-TEST(strings, endswith_simple) {
+TEST(strings, EndsWithIgnoreCase_empty) {
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("", "foo"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("", "FOO"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("", ""));
+}
+
+TEST(strings, EndsWith_simple) {
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWith("foo", ""));
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWith("foo", "o"));
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWith("foo", "oo"));
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWith("foo", "foo"));
 }
 
-TEST(strings, endswith_prefix_too_long) {
+TEST(strings, EndsWithIgnoreCase_simple) {
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foo", ""));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "o"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "O"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "oo"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "oO"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "Oo"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "OO"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "foo"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "foO"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "fOo"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "fOO"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "Foo"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "FoO"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "FOo"));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "FOO"));
+}
+
+TEST(strings, EndsWith_prefix_too_long) {
   ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::EndsWith("foo", "foobar"));
 }
 
-TEST(strings, endswith_contains_prefix) {
+TEST(strings, EndsWithIgnoreCase_prefix_too_long) {
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "foobar"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foo", "FOOBAR"));
+}
+
+TEST(strings, EndsWith_contains_prefix) {
   ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::EndsWith("foobar", "oba"));
   ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::EndsWith("foobar", "foo"));
 }
+
+TEST(strings, EndsWithIgnoreCase_contains_prefix) {
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foobar", "OBA"));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("foobar", "FOO"));
+}
diff --git a/bootstat/Android.bp b/bootstat/Android.bp
index 89b4598..d98a9d7 100644
--- a/bootstat/Android.bp
+++ b/bootstat/Android.bp
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 bootstat_lib_src_files = [
     "boot_event_record_store.cpp",
-    "event_log_list_builder.cpp",
     "histogram_logger.cpp",
     "uptime_parser.cpp",
 ]
@@ -88,7 +87,6 @@
     ],
     srcs: [
         "boot_event_record_store_test.cpp",
-        "event_log_list_builder_test.cpp",
         "testrunner.cpp",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/bootstat/bootstat.cpp b/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
index e5ddab3..7c0e85d 100644
--- a/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
+++ b/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 
 #include "boot_event_record_store.h"
-#include "event_log_list_builder.h" /* ToDo: switch to liblog implementation */
 #include "histogram_logger.h"
 #include "uptime_parser.h"
 
diff --git a/bootstat/event_log_list_builder.cpp b/bootstat/event_log_list_builder.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index ce540a0..0000000
--- a/bootstat/event_log_list_builder.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "event_log_list_builder.h"
-
-#include <cinttypes>
-#include <memory>
-#include <string>
-
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-
-namespace {
-
-const size_t MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD_SIZE = 512 - 1;  // Leave room for final '\n'.
-const size_t EVENT_TYPE_SIZE = 1;  // Size in bytes of the event type marker.
-
-}  // namespace
-
-EventLogListBuilder::EventLogListBuilder()
-    : payload_count_(0),
-      payload_size_(0),
-      payload_(std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD_SIZE)) {
-  memset(payload_.get(), 0, MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
-
-  // Set up the top-level EventLog data type.
-  AppendByte(EVENT_TYPE_LIST);
-
-  // Skip over the byte prepresenting the number of items in the list. This
-  // value is set in Release().
-  payload_size_++;
-}
-
-bool EventLogListBuilder::Append(int value) {
-  DCHECK_NE(static_cast<uint8_t*>(nullptr), payload_.get());
-
-  if (!IsSpaceAvailable(sizeof(value) + EVENT_TYPE_SIZE)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  AppendByte(EVENT_TYPE_INT);
-  AppendData(&value, sizeof(value));
-
-  payload_count_++;
-  return true;
-}
-
-bool EventLogListBuilder::Append(const std::string& value) {
-  DCHECK_NE(static_cast<uint8_t*>(nullptr), payload_.get());
-
-  int len = value.length();
-  if (!IsSpaceAvailable(sizeof(len) + len)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  AppendByte(EVENT_TYPE_STRING);
-  AppendData(&len, sizeof(len));
-  AppendData(value.c_str(), len);
-
-  payload_count_++;
-  return true;
-}
-
-void EventLogListBuilder::Release(std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]>* log,
-                                  size_t* size) {
-  // Finalize the log payload.
-  payload_[1] = payload_count_;
-
-  // Return the log payload.
-  *size = payload_size_;
-  *log = std::move(payload_);
-}
-
-void EventLogListBuilder::AppendData(const void* data, size_t size) {
-  DCHECK_LT(payload_size_ + size, MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
-  memcpy(&payload_[payload_size_], data, size);
-  payload_size_ += size;
-}
-
-void EventLogListBuilder::AppendByte(uint8_t byte) {
-  DCHECK_LT(payload_size_ + sizeof(byte), MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD_SIZE);
-  payload_[payload_size_++] = byte;
-}
-
-bool EventLogListBuilder::IsSpaceAvailable(size_t value_size) {
-  size_t space_needed = value_size + EVENT_TYPE_SIZE;
-  if (payload_size_ + space_needed > MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD_SIZE) {
-    size_t remaining = MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD_SIZE - payload_size_;
-    LOG(WARNING) << "Not enough space for value. remain=" <<
-        remaining << "; needed=" << space_needed;
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return true;
-}
diff --git a/bootstat/event_log_list_builder.h b/bootstat/event_log_list_builder.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 4e29b01..0000000
--- a/bootstat/event_log_list_builder.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef EVENT_LOG_LIST_BUILDER_H_
-#define EVENT_LOG_LIST_BUILDER_H_
-
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <memory>
-
-#include <android-base/macros.h>
-
-// EventLogListBuilder provides a mechanism to build an EventLog list
-// consisting of int and string EventLog values.
-//
-// NOTE: This class does not provide the ability to append an embedded list,
-// i.e., a list containing a list.
-class EventLogListBuilder {
- public:
-  EventLogListBuilder();
-
-  // Append a single value of a specified type.
-  bool Append(int value);
-  bool Append(const std::string& value);
-
-  // Finalizes construction of the EventLog list and releases the data
-  // to the caller. Caller takes ownership of the payload. No further calls
-  // to append* may be made once the payload is acquired by the caller.
-  void Release(std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]>* log, size_t* size);
-
- private:
-  // Appends |data| of the given |size| to the payload.
-  void AppendData(const void* data, size_t size);
-
-  // Appends a single byte to the payload.
-  void AppendByte(uint8_t byte);
-
-  // Returns true iff the remaining capacity in |payload_| is large enough to
-  // accommodate |value_size| bytes. The space required to log the event type
-  // is included in the internal calculation so must not be passed in to
-  // |value_size|.
-  bool IsSpaceAvailable(size_t value_size);
-
-  // The number of items in the EventLog list.
-  size_t payload_count_;
-
-  // The size of the data stored in |payload_|. Used to track where to insert
-  // new data.
-  size_t payload_size_;
-
-  // The payload constructed by calls to log*. The payload may only contain
-  // MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD (512) bytes.
-  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> payload_;
-
-  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(EventLogListBuilder);
-};
-
- #endif  // EVENT_LOG_LIST_BUILDER_H_
diff --git a/bootstat/event_log_list_builder_test.cpp b/bootstat/event_log_list_builder_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 25909b0..0000000
--- a/bootstat/event_log_list_builder_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "event_log_list_builder.h"
-
-#include <inttypes.h>
-
-#include <gmock/gmock.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-using testing::ElementsAreArray;
-
-TEST(EventLogListBuilder, Empty) {
-  EventLogListBuilder builder;
-
-  const uint8_t EXPECTED_LOG[] = {
-    EVENT_TYPE_LIST,
-    0,  // Number of items in the list.
-  };
-
-  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> log;
-  size_t size;
-  builder.Release(&log, &size);
-  EXPECT_EQ(2U, size);
-
-  uint8_t* log_data = log.get();
-  EXPECT_THAT(std::vector<uint8_t>(log_data, log_data + size),
-              ElementsAreArray(EXPECTED_LOG));
-}
-
-TEST(EventLogListBuilder, SingleInt) {
-  EventLogListBuilder builder;
-
-  const uint8_t EXPECTED_LOG[] = {
-    EVENT_TYPE_LIST,
-    1,                // Number of items in the list.
-    EVENT_TYPE_INT,
-    42, 0, 0, 0,      // 4 byte integer value.
-  };
-
-  builder.Append(42);
-
-  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> log;
-  size_t size;
-  builder.Release(&log, &size);
-  EXPECT_EQ(7U, size);
-
-  uint8_t* log_data = log.get();
-  EXPECT_THAT(std::vector<uint8_t>(log_data, log_data + size),
-              ElementsAreArray(EXPECTED_LOG));
-}
-
-TEST(EventLogListBuilder, SingleString) {
-  EventLogListBuilder builder;
-
-  const uint8_t EXPECTED_LOG[] = {
-    EVENT_TYPE_LIST,
-    1,                        // Number of items in the list.
-    EVENT_TYPE_STRING,
-    5, 0, 0, 0,               // 4 byte length of the string.
-    'D', 'r', 'o', 'i', 'd',
-  };
-
-  builder.Append("Droid");
-
-  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> log;
-  size_t size;
-  builder.Release(&log, &size);
-  EXPECT_EQ(12U, size);
-
-  uint8_t* log_data = log.get();
-  EXPECT_THAT(std::vector<uint8_t>(log_data, log_data + size),
-              ElementsAreArray(EXPECTED_LOG));
-}
-
-TEST(EventLogListBuilder, IntThenString) {
-  EventLogListBuilder builder;
-
-  const uint8_t EXPECTED_LOG[] = {
-    EVENT_TYPE_LIST,
-    2,                        // Number of items in the list.
-    EVENT_TYPE_INT,
-    42, 0, 0, 0,              // 4 byte integer value.
-    EVENT_TYPE_STRING,
-    5, 0, 0, 0,               // 4 byte length of the string.
-    'D', 'r', 'o', 'i', 'd',
-  };
-
-  builder.Append(42);
-  builder.Append("Droid");
-
-  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> log;
-  size_t size;
-  builder.Release(&log, &size);
-  EXPECT_EQ(17U, size);
-
-  uint8_t* log_data = log.get();
-  EXPECT_THAT(std::vector<uint8_t>(log_data, log_data + size),
-              ElementsAreArray(EXPECTED_LOG));
-}
diff --git a/bootstat/histogram_logger.cpp b/bootstat/histogram_logger.cpp
index 4f2386c..6a9ef2b 100644
--- a/bootstat/histogram_logger.cpp
+++ b/bootstat/histogram_logger.cpp
@@ -17,27 +17,16 @@
 #include "histogram_logger.h"
 
 #include <cstdlib>
-#include <memory>
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "event_log_list_builder.h"
-
 namespace bootstat {
 
 void LogHistogram(const std::string& event, int32_t data) {
   LOG(INFO) << "Logging histogram: " << event << " " << data;
-
-  EventLogListBuilder log_builder;
-  log_builder.Append(event);
-  log_builder.Append(data);
-
-  std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> log;
-  size_t size;
-  log_builder.Release(&log, &size);
-
-  android_bWriteLog(HISTOGRAM_LOG_TAG, log.get(), size);
+  android_log_event_context log(HISTOGRAM_LOG_TAG);
+  log << event << data << LOG_ID_EVENTS;
 }
 
 }  // namespace bootstat
diff --git a/debuggerd/tombstone.cpp b/debuggerd/tombstone.cpp
index 459e4cc..1e47483 100644
--- a/debuggerd/tombstone.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/tombstone.cpp
@@ -576,9 +576,9 @@
       AndroidLogEntry e;
       char buf[512];
       android_log_processBinaryLogBuffer(entry, &e, g_eventTagMap, buf, sizeof(buf));
-      _LOG(log, logtype::LOGS, "%s.%03d %5d %5d %c %-8s: %s\n",
+      _LOG(log, logtype::LOGS, "%s.%03d %5d %5d %c %-8.*s: %s\n",
          timeBuf, entry->nsec / 1000000, entry->pid, entry->tid,
-         'I', e.tag, e.message);
+         'I', (int)e.tagLen, e.tag, e.message);
       continue;
     }
 
diff --git a/include/android/log.h b/include/android/log.h
index 9b26839..5673357 100644
--- a/include/android/log.h
+++ b/include/android/log.h
@@ -67,25 +67,55 @@
  * NOTE: These functions MUST be implemented by /system/lib/liblog.so
  */
 
-#if !defined(_WIN32)
-#include <pthread.h>
-#endif
 #include <stdarg.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <log/uio.h>
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
 /*
+ * This file uses ", ## __VA_ARGS__" zero-argument token pasting to
+ * work around issues with debug-only syntax errors in assertions
+ * that are missing format strings.  See commit
+ * 19299904343daf191267564fe32e6cd5c165cd42
+ */
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu-zero-variadic-macro-arguments"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __predict_false
+#define __predict_false(exp) __builtin_expect((exp) != 0, 0)
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * LOG_TAG is the local tag used for the following simplified
+ * logging macros.  You must set this preprocessor definition,
+ * or more tenuously supply a variable definition, before using
+ * the macros.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Normally we strip the effects of ALOGV (VERBOSE messages),
+ * LOG_FATAL and LOG_FATAL_IF (FATAL assert messages) from the
+ * release builds be defining NDEBUG.  You can modify this (for
+ * example with "#define LOG_NDEBUG 0" at the top of your source
+ * file) to change that behavior.
+ */
+
+#ifndef LOG_NDEBUG
+#ifdef NDEBUG
+#define LOG_NDEBUG 1
+#else
+#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/*
  * Android log priority values, in ascending priority order.
  */
+#ifndef __android_LogPriority_defined
+#define __android_LogPriority_defined
 typedef enum android_LogPriority {
     ANDROID_LOG_UNKNOWN = 0,
     ANDROID_LOG_DEFAULT,    /* only for SetMinPriority() */
@@ -97,21 +127,20 @@
     ANDROID_LOG_FATAL,
     ANDROID_LOG_SILENT,     /* only for SetMinPriority(); must be last */
 } android_LogPriority;
-
-/*
- * Release any logger resources (a new log write will immediately re-acquire)
- */
-void __android_log_close();
+#endif
 
 /*
  * Send a simple string to the log.
  */
-int __android_log_write(int prio, const char *tag, const char *text);
+int __android_log_write(int prio, const char* tag, const char* text);
+
+#define android_writeLog(prio, tag, text) \
+    __android_log_write(prio, tag, text)
 
 /*
  * Send a formatted string to the log, used like printf(fmt,...)
  */
-int __android_log_print(int prio, const char *tag,  const char *fmt, ...)
+int __android_log_print(int prio, const char* tag,  const char* fmt, ...)
 #if defined(__GNUC__)
 #ifdef __USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO
 #if __USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO
@@ -125,19 +154,53 @@
 #endif
     ;
 
+#define android_printLog(prio, tag, ...) \
+    __android_log_print(prio, tag, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+/*
+ * Log macro that allows you to specify a number for the priority.
+ */
+#ifndef LOG_PRI
+#define LOG_PRI(priority, tag, ...) \
+    android_printLog(priority, tag, __VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+
 /*
  * A variant of __android_log_print() that takes a va_list to list
  * additional parameters.
  */
-int __android_log_vprint(int prio, const char *tag,
-                         const char *fmt, va_list ap);
+int __android_log_vprint(int prio, const char* tag,
+                         const char* fmt, va_list ap)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#ifdef __USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO
+#if __USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO
+    __attribute__ ((format(gnu_printf, 3, 0)))
+#else
+    __attribute__ ((format(printf, 3, 0)))
+#endif
+#else
+    __attribute__ ((format(printf, 3, 0)))
+#endif
+#endif
+    ;
+
+#define android_vprintLog(prio, cond, tag, ...) \
+    __android_log_vprint(prio, tag, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+/*
+ * Log macro that allows you to pass in a varargs ("args" is a va_list).
+ */
+#ifndef LOG_PRI_VA
+#define LOG_PRI_VA(priority, tag, fmt, args) \
+    android_vprintLog(priority, NULL, tag, fmt, args)
+#endif
 
 /*
  * Log an assertion failure and abort the process to have a chance
  * to inspect it if a debugger is attached. This uses the FATAL priority.
  */
-void __android_log_assert(const char *cond, const char *tag,
-                          const char *fmt, ...)
+void __android_log_assert(const char* cond, const char* tag,
+                          const char* fmt, ...)
 #if defined(__GNUC__)
     __attribute__ ((__noreturn__))
 #ifdef __USE_MINGW_ANSI_STDIO
@@ -152,74 +215,91 @@
 #endif
     ;
 
-//
-// C/C++ logging functions.  See the logging documentation for API details.
-//
-// We'd like these to be available from C code (in case we import some from
-// somewhere), so this has a C interface.
-//
-// The output will be correct when the log file is shared between multiple
-// threads and/or multiple processes so long as the operating system
-// supports O_APPEND.  These calls have mutex-protected data structures
-// and so are NOT reentrant.  Do not use LOG in a signal handler.
-//
+/* XXX Macros to work around syntax errors in places where format string
+ * arg is not passed to ALOG_ASSERT, LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL or LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF
+ * (happens only in debug builds).
+ */
 
-// This file uses ", ## __VA_ARGS__" zero-argument token pasting to
-// work around issues with debug-only syntax errors in assertions
-// that are missing format strings.  See commit
-// 19299904343daf191267564fe32e6cd5c165cd42
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu-zero-variadic-macro-arguments"
-#endif
+/* Returns 2nd arg.  Used to substitute default value if caller's vararg list
+ * is empty.
+ */
+#define __android_second(dummy, second, ...)     second
 
-int __android_log_bwrite(int32_t tag, const void *payload, size_t len);
-int __android_log_btwrite(int32_t tag, char type, const void *payload,
-                          size_t len);
-int __android_log_bswrite(int32_t tag, const char *payload);
+/* If passed multiple args, returns ',' followed by all but 1st arg, otherwise
+ * returns nothing.
+ */
+#define __android_rest(first, ...)               , ## __VA_ARGS__
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+#define android_printAssert(cond, tag, ...) \
+    __android_log_assert(cond, tag, \
+        __android_second(0, ## __VA_ARGS__, NULL) __android_rest(__VA_ARGS__))
 
 /*
- * Normally we strip ALOGV (VERBOSE messages) from release builds.
- * You can modify this (for example with "#define LOG_NDEBUG 0"
- * at the top of your source file) to change that behavior.
+ * Log a fatal error.  If the given condition fails, this stops program
+ * execution like a normal assertion, but also generating the given message.
+ * It is NOT stripped from release builds.  Note that the condition test
+ * is -inverted- from the normal assert() semantics.
  */
-#ifndef LOG_NDEBUG
-#ifdef NDEBUG
-#define LOG_NDEBUG 1
+#ifndef LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF
+#define LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(cond, ...) \
+    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
+    ? ((void)android_printAssert(#cond, LOG_TAG, ## __VA_ARGS__)) \
+    : (void)0 )
+#endif
+
+#ifndef LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL
+#define LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL(...) \
+    ( ((void)android_printAssert(NULL, LOG_TAG, ## __VA_ARGS__)) )
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Versions of LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF and LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL that
+ * are stripped out of release builds.
+ */
+
+#if LOG_NDEBUG
+
+#ifndef LOG_FATAL_IF
+#define LOG_FATAL_IF(cond, ...) ((void)0)
+#endif
+#ifndef LOG_FATAL
+#define LOG_FATAL(...) ((void)0)
+#endif
+
 #else
-#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
+
+#ifndef LOG_FATAL_IF
+#define LOG_FATAL_IF(cond, ...) LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(cond, ## __VA_ARGS__)
 #endif
+#ifndef LOG_FATAL
+#define LOG_FATAL(...) LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL(__VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+
 #endif
 
 /*
- * This is the local tag used for the following simplified
- * logging macros.  You can change this preprocessor definition
- * before using the other macros to change the tag.
+ * Assertion that generates a log message when the assertion fails.
+ * Stripped out of release builds.  Uses the current LOG_TAG.
  */
-#ifndef LOG_TAG
-#define LOG_TAG NULL
+#ifndef ALOG_ASSERT
+#define ALOG_ASSERT(cond, ...) LOG_FATAL_IF(!(cond), ## __VA_ARGS__)
 #endif
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-#ifndef __predict_false
-#define __predict_false(exp) __builtin_expect((exp) != 0, 0)
-#endif
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 /*
- *      -DLINT_RLOG in sources that you want to enforce that all logging
- * goes to the radio log buffer. If any logging goes to any of the other
- * log buffers, there will be a compile or link error to highlight the
- * problem. This is not a replacement for a full audit of the code since
- * this only catches compiled code, not ifdef'd debug code. Options to
- * defining this, either temporarily to do a spot check, or permanently
- * to enforce, in all the communications trees; We have hopes to ensure
- * that by supplying just the radio log buffer that the communications
- * teams will have their one-stop shop for triaging issues.
+ * C/C++ logging functions.  See the logging documentation for API details.
+ *
+ * We'd like these to be available from C code (in case we import some from
+ * somewhere), so this has a C interface.
+ *
+ * The output will be correct when the log file is shared between multiple
+ * threads and/or multiple processes so long as the operating system
+ * supports O_APPEND.  These calls have mutex-protected data structures
+ * and so are NOT reentrant.  Do not use LOG in a signal handler.
  */
-#ifndef LINT_RLOG
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 /*
  * Simplified macro to send a verbose log message using the current LOG_TAG.
@@ -300,7 +380,7 @@
     : (void)0 )
 #endif
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 /*
  * Conditional based on whether the current LOG_TAG is enabled at
@@ -346,236 +426,7 @@
 #define IF_ALOGE() IF_ALOG(LOG_ERROR, LOG_TAG)
 #endif
 
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/*
- * Simplified macro to send a verbose system log message using the current LOG_TAG.
- */
-#ifndef SLOGV
-#define __SLOGV(...) \
-    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
-#if LOG_NDEBUG
-#define SLOGV(...) do { if (0) { __SLOGV(__VA_ARGS__); } } while (0)
-#else
-#define SLOGV(...) __SLOGV(__VA_ARGS__)
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SLOGV_IF
-#if LOG_NDEBUG
-#define SLOGV_IF(cond, ...)   ((void)0)
-#else
-#define SLOGV_IF(cond, ...) \
-    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
-    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
-    : (void)0 )
-#endif
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Simplified macro to send a debug system log message using the current LOG_TAG.
- */
-#ifndef SLOGD
-#define SLOGD(...) \
-    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SLOGD_IF
-#define SLOGD_IF(cond, ...) \
-    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
-    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
-    : (void)0 )
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Simplified macro to send an info system log message using the current LOG_TAG.
- */
-#ifndef SLOGI
-#define SLOGI(...) \
-    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_INFO, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SLOGI_IF
-#define SLOGI_IF(cond, ...) \
-    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
-    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_INFO, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
-    : (void)0 )
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Simplified macro to send a warning system log message using the current LOG_TAG.
- */
-#ifndef SLOGW
-#define SLOGW(...) \
-    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_WARN, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SLOGW_IF
-#define SLOGW_IF(cond, ...) \
-    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
-    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_WARN, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
-    : (void)0 )
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Simplified macro to send an error system log message using the current LOG_TAG.
- */
-#ifndef SLOGE
-#define SLOGE(...) \
-    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
-#endif
-
-#ifndef SLOGE_IF
-#define SLOGE_IF(cond, ...) \
-    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
-    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
-    : (void)0 )
-#endif
-
-#endif /* !LINT_RLOG */
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/*
- * Simplified macro to send a verbose radio log message using the current LOG_TAG.
- */
-#ifndef RLOGV
-#define __RLOGV(...) \
-    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
-#if LOG_NDEBUG
-#define RLOGV(...) do { if (0) { __RLOGV(__VA_ARGS__); } } while (0)
-#else
-#define RLOGV(...) __RLOGV(__VA_ARGS__)
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef RLOGV_IF
-#if LOG_NDEBUG
-#define RLOGV_IF(cond, ...)   ((void)0)
-#else
-#define RLOGV_IF(cond, ...) \
-    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
-    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
-    : (void)0 )
-#endif
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Simplified macro to send a debug radio log message using the current LOG_TAG.
- */
-#ifndef RLOGD
-#define RLOGD(...) \
-    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
-#endif
-
-#ifndef RLOGD_IF
-#define RLOGD_IF(cond, ...) \
-    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
-    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
-    : (void)0 )
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Simplified macro to send an info radio log message using the current LOG_TAG.
- */
-#ifndef RLOGI
-#define RLOGI(...) \
-    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_INFO, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
-#endif
-
-#ifndef RLOGI_IF
-#define RLOGI_IF(cond, ...) \
-    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
-    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_INFO, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
-    : (void)0 )
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Simplified macro to send a warning radio log message using the current LOG_TAG.
- */
-#ifndef RLOGW
-#define RLOGW(...) \
-    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_WARN, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
-#endif
-
-#ifndef RLOGW_IF
-#define RLOGW_IF(cond, ...) \
-    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
-    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_WARN, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
-    : (void)0 )
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Simplified macro to send an error radio log message using the current LOG_TAG.
- */
-#ifndef RLOGE
-#define RLOGE(...) \
-    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
-#endif
-
-#ifndef RLOGE_IF
-#define RLOGE_IF(cond, ...) \
-    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
-    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
-    : (void)0 )
-#endif
-
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/*
- * Log a fatal error.  If the given condition fails, this stops program
- * execution like a normal assertion, but also generating the given message.
- * It is NOT stripped from release builds.  Note that the condition test
- * is -inverted- from the normal assert() semantics.
- */
-#ifndef LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF
-#define LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(cond, ...) \
-    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
-    ? ((void)android_printAssert(#cond, LOG_TAG, ## __VA_ARGS__)) \
-    : (void)0 )
-#endif
-
-#ifndef LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL
-#define LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL(...) \
-    ( ((void)android_printAssert(NULL, LOG_TAG, ## __VA_ARGS__)) )
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Versions of LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF and LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL that
- * are stripped out of release builds.
- */
-#if LOG_NDEBUG
-
-#ifndef LOG_FATAL_IF
-#define LOG_FATAL_IF(cond, ...) ((void)0)
-#endif
-#ifndef LOG_FATAL
-#define LOG_FATAL(...) ((void)0)
-#endif
-
-#else
-
-#ifndef LOG_FATAL_IF
-#define LOG_FATAL_IF(cond, ...) LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(cond, ## __VA_ARGS__)
-#endif
-#ifndef LOG_FATAL
-#define LOG_FATAL(...) LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL(__VA_ARGS__)
-#endif
-
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Assertion that generates a log message when the assertion fails.
- * Stripped out of release builds.  Uses the current LOG_TAG.
- */
-#ifndef ALOG_ASSERT
-#define ALOG_ASSERT(cond, ...) LOG_FATAL_IF(!(cond), ## __VA_ARGS__)
-//#define ALOG_ASSERT(cond) LOG_FATAL_IF(!(cond), "Assertion failed: " #cond)
-#endif
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 /*
  * Basic log message macro.
@@ -591,22 +442,6 @@
 #endif
 
 /*
- * Log macro that allows you to specify a number for the priority.
- */
-#ifndef LOG_PRI
-#define LOG_PRI(priority, tag, ...) \
-    android_printLog(priority, tag, __VA_ARGS__)
-#endif
-
-/*
- * Log macro that allows you to pass in a varargs ("args" is a va_list).
- */
-#ifndef LOG_PRI_VA
-#define LOG_PRI_VA(priority, tag, fmt, args) \
-    android_vprintLog(priority, NULL, tag, fmt, args)
-#endif
-
-/*
  * Conditional given a desired logging priority and tag.
  */
 #ifndef IF_ALOG
@@ -614,181 +449,7 @@
     if (android_testLog(ANDROID_##priority, tag))
 #endif
 
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/*
- * Event logging.
- */
-
-/*
- * Event log entry types.
- */
-typedef enum {
-    /* Special markers for android_log_list_element type */
-    EVENT_TYPE_LIST_STOP = '\n', /* declare end of list  */
-    EVENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN   = '?',  /* protocol error       */
-
-    /* must match with declaration in java/android/android/util/EventLog.java */
-    EVENT_TYPE_INT       = 0,    /* uint32_t */
-    EVENT_TYPE_LONG      = 1,    /* uint64_t */
-    EVENT_TYPE_STRING    = 2,
-    EVENT_TYPE_LIST      = 3,
-    EVENT_TYPE_FLOAT     = 4,
-} AndroidEventLogType;
-#define sizeof_AndroidEventLogType sizeof(typeof_AndroidEventLogType)
-#define typeof_AndroidEventLogType unsigned char
-
-#ifndef LOG_EVENT_INT
-#define LOG_EVENT_INT(_tag, _value) {                                       \
-        int intBuf = _value;                                                \
-        (void) android_btWriteLog(_tag, EVENT_TYPE_INT, &intBuf,            \
-            sizeof(intBuf));                                                \
-    }
-#endif
-#ifndef LOG_EVENT_LONG
-#define LOG_EVENT_LONG(_tag, _value) {                                      \
-        long long longBuf = _value;                                         \
-        (void) android_btWriteLog(_tag, EVENT_TYPE_LONG, &longBuf,          \
-            sizeof(longBuf));                                               \
-    }
-#endif
-#ifndef LOG_EVENT_FLOAT
-#define LOG_EVENT_FLOAT(_tag, _value) {                                     \
-        float floatBuf = _value;                                            \
-        (void) android_btWriteLog(_tag, EVENT_TYPE_FLOAT, &floatBuf,        \
-            sizeof(floatBuf));                                              \
-    }
-#endif
-#ifndef LOG_EVENT_STRING
-#define LOG_EVENT_STRING(_tag, _value)                                      \
-        (void) __android_log_bswrite(_tag, _value);
-#endif
-
-typedef enum log_id {
-    LOG_ID_MIN = 0,
-
-#ifndef LINT_RLOG
-    LOG_ID_MAIN = 0,
-#endif
-    LOG_ID_RADIO = 1,
-#ifndef LINT_RLOG
-    LOG_ID_EVENTS = 2,
-    LOG_ID_SYSTEM = 3,
-    LOG_ID_CRASH = 4,
-    LOG_ID_SECURITY = 5,
-    LOG_ID_KERNEL = 6, /* place last, third-parties can not use it */
-#endif
-
-    LOG_ID_MAX
-} log_id_t;
-#define sizeof_log_id_t sizeof(typeof_log_id_t)
-#define typeof_log_id_t unsigned char
-
-/* For manipulating lists of events. */
-
-#define ANDROID_MAX_LIST_NEST_DEPTH 8
-
-/*
- * The opaque context used to manipulate lists of events.
- */
-typedef struct android_log_context_internal *android_log_context;
-
-/*
- * Elements returned when reading a list of events.
- */
-typedef struct {
-    AndroidEventLogType type;
-    uint16_t complete;
-    uint16_t len;
-    union {
-        int32_t int32;
-        int64_t int64;
-        char *string;
-        float float32;
-    } data;
-} android_log_list_element;
-
-/*
- * Creates a context associated with an event tag to write elements to
- * the list of events.
- */
-android_log_context create_android_logger(uint32_t tag);
-
-/* All lists must be braced by a begin and end call */
-/*
- * NB: If the first level braces are missing when specifying multiple
- *     elements, we will manufacturer a list to embrace it for your API
- *     convenience. For a single element, it will remain solitary.
- */
-int android_log_write_list_begin(android_log_context ctx);
-int android_log_write_list_end(android_log_context ctx);
-
-int android_log_write_int32(android_log_context ctx, int32_t value);
-int android_log_write_int64(android_log_context ctx, int64_t value);
-int android_log_write_string8(android_log_context ctx, const char *value);
-int android_log_write_string8_len(android_log_context ctx,
-                                  const char *value, size_t maxlen);
-int android_log_write_float32(android_log_context ctx, float value);
-
-/* Submit the composed list context to the specified logger id */
-/* NB: LOG_ID_EVENTS and LOG_ID_SECURITY only valid binary buffers */
-int android_log_write_list(android_log_context ctx, log_id_t id);
-
-/*
- * Creates a context from a raw buffer representing a list of events to be read.
- */
-android_log_context create_android_log_parser(const char *msg, size_t len);
-
-android_log_list_element android_log_read_next(android_log_context ctx);
-android_log_list_element android_log_peek_next(android_log_context ctx);
-
-/* Finished with reader or writer context */
-int android_log_destroy(android_log_context *ctx);
-
-/*
- * ===========================================================================
- *
- * The stuff in the rest of this file should not be used directly.
- */
-
-#define android_printLog(prio, tag, ...) \
-    __android_log_print(prio, tag, __VA_ARGS__)
-
-#define android_vprintLog(prio, cond, tag, ...) \
-    __android_log_vprint(prio, tag, __VA_ARGS__)
-
-/* XXX Macros to work around syntax errors in places where format string
- * arg is not passed to ALOG_ASSERT, LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL or LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF
- * (happens only in debug builds).
- */
-
-/* Returns 2nd arg.  Used to substitute default value if caller's vararg list
- * is empty.
- */
-#define __android_second(dummy, second, ...)     second
-
-/* If passed multiple args, returns ',' followed by all but 1st arg, otherwise
- * returns nothing.
- */
-#define __android_rest(first, ...)               , ## __VA_ARGS__
-
-#define android_printAssert(cond, tag, ...) \
-    __android_log_assert(cond, tag, \
-        __android_second(0, ## __VA_ARGS__, NULL) __android_rest(__VA_ARGS__))
-
-#define android_writeLog(prio, tag, text) \
-    __android_log_write(prio, tag, text)
-
-#define android_bWriteLog(tag, payload, len) \
-    __android_log_bwrite(tag, payload, len)
-#define android_btWriteLog(tag, type, payload, len) \
-    __android_log_btwrite(tag, type, payload, len)
-
-#define android_errorWriteLog(tag, subTag) \
-    __android_log_error_write(tag, subTag, -1, NULL, 0)
-
-#define android_errorWriteWithInfoLog(tag, subTag, uid, data, dataLen) \
-    __android_log_error_write(tag, subTag, uid, data, dataLen)
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
 /*
  *    IF_ALOG uses android_testLog, but IF_ALOG can be overridden.
@@ -798,6 +459,35 @@
  *        IF_ALOG as a convenient means to reimplement their policy
  *        over Android.
  */
+
+#ifndef __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE
+#ifndef __ANDROID_API__
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE 2
+#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 24 /* > Nougat */
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE 2
+#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 22 /* > Lollipop */
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE 1
+#else
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE
+
+/*
+ * Use the per-tag properties "log.tag.<tagname>" to generate a runtime
+ * result of non-zero to expose a log. prio is ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE to
+ * ANDROID_LOG_FATAL. default_prio if no property. Undefined behavior if
+ * any other value.
+ */
+int __android_log_is_loggable(int prio, const char* tag, int default_prio);
+
+#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE > 1
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+int __android_log_is_loggable_len(int prio, const char* tag, size_t len,
+                                  int default_prio);
+
 #if LOG_NDEBUG /* Production */
 #define android_testLog(prio, tag) \
     (__android_log_is_loggable_len(prio, tag, (tag && *tag) ? strlen(tag) : 0, \
@@ -808,27 +498,23 @@
                                    ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE) != 0)
 #endif
 
-/*
- * Use the per-tag properties "log.tag.<tagname>" to generate a runtime
- * result of non-zero to expose a log. prio is ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE to
- * ANDROID_LOG_FATAL. default_prio if no property. Undefined behavior if
- * any other value.
- */
-int __android_log_is_loggable(int prio, const char *tag, int default_prio);
-int __android_log_is_loggable_len(int prio, const char *tag, size_t len, int default_prio);
+#else
 
-int __android_log_error_write(int tag, const char *subTag, int32_t uid, const char *data,
-                              uint32_t dataLen);
-
-/*
- * Send a simple string to the log.
- */
-int __android_log_buf_write(int bufID, int prio, const char *tag, const char *text);
-int __android_log_buf_print(int bufID, int prio, const char *tag, const char *fmt, ...)
-#if defined(__GNUC__)
-    __attribute__((__format__(printf, 4, 5)))
+#if LOG_NDEBUG /* Production */
+#define android_testLog(prio, tag) \
+    (__android_log_is_loggable(prio, tag, ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG) != 0)
+#else
+#define android_testLog(prio, tag) \
+    (__android_log_is_loggable(prio, tag, ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE) != 0)
 #endif
-    ;
+
+#endif
+
+#else /* __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE */
+
+#define android_testLog(prio, tag) (1)
+
+#endif /* !__ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE */
 
 #if defined(__clang__)
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
diff --git a/include/cutils/log.h b/include/cutils/log.h
index ffb8268..0e0248e 100644
--- a/include/cutils/log.h
+++ b/include/cutils/log.h
@@ -1 +1 @@
-#include <android/log.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
diff --git a/include/log/log.h b/include/log/log.h
index ffb8268..a44aba8 100644
--- a/include/log/log.h
+++ b/include/log/log.h
@@ -1 +1,1031 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2005-2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBS_LOG_LOG_H
+#define _LIBS_LOG_LOG_H
+
+/* Too many in the ecosystem assume these are included */
+#if !defined(_WIN32)
+#include <pthread.h>
+#endif
+#include <stdint.h>  /* uint16_t, int32_t */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <time.h>    /* clock_gettime */
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <log/uio.h> /* helper to define iovec for portability */
+
+#if (defined(__cplusplus) && defined(_USING_LIBCXX))
+extern "C++" {
+#include <string>
+}
+#endif
+
 #include <android/log.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * LOG_TAG is the local tag used for the following simplified
+ * logging macros.  You can change this preprocessor definition
+ * before using the other macros to change the tag.
+ */
+
+#ifndef LOG_TAG
+#define LOG_TAG NULL
+#endif
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * This file uses ", ## __VA_ARGS__" zero-argument token pasting to
+ * work around issues with debug-only syntax errors in assertions
+ * that are missing format strings.  See commit
+ * 19299904343daf191267564fe32e6cd5c165cd42
+ */
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu-zero-variadic-macro-arguments"
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Send a simple string to the log.
+ */
+int __android_log_buf_write(int bufID, int prio, const char* tag, const char* text);
+int __android_log_buf_print(int bufID, int prio, const char* tag, const char* fmt, ...)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+    __attribute__((__format__(printf, 4, 5)))
+#endif
+    ;
+
+/*
+ * Simplified macro to send a verbose system log message using current LOG_TAG.
+ */
+#ifndef SLOGV
+#define __SLOGV(...) \
+    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
+#if LOG_NDEBUG
+#define SLOGV(...) do { if (0) { __SLOGV(__VA_ARGS__); } } while (0)
+#else
+#define SLOGV(...) __SLOGV(__VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SLOGV_IF
+#if LOG_NDEBUG
+#define SLOGV_IF(cond, ...)   ((void)0)
+#else
+#define SLOGV_IF(cond, ...) \
+    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
+    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
+    : (void)0 )
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Simplified macro to send a debug system log message using current LOG_TAG.
+ */
+#ifndef SLOGD
+#define SLOGD(...) \
+    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SLOGD_IF
+#define SLOGD_IF(cond, ...) \
+    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
+    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
+    : (void)0 )
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Simplified macro to send an info system log message using current LOG_TAG.
+ */
+#ifndef SLOGI
+#define SLOGI(...) \
+    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_INFO, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SLOGI_IF
+#define SLOGI_IF(cond, ...) \
+    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
+    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_INFO, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
+    : (void)0 )
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Simplified macro to send a warning system log message using current LOG_TAG.
+ */
+#ifndef SLOGW
+#define SLOGW(...) \
+    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_WARN, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SLOGW_IF
+#define SLOGW_IF(cond, ...) \
+    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
+    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_WARN, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
+    : (void)0 )
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Simplified macro to send an error system log message using current LOG_TAG.
+ */
+#ifndef SLOGE
+#define SLOGE(...) \
+    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SLOGE_IF
+#define SLOGE_IF(cond, ...) \
+    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
+    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
+    : (void)0 )
+#endif
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * Simplified macro to send a verbose radio log message using current LOG_TAG.
+ */
+#ifndef RLOGV
+#define __RLOGV(...) \
+    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
+#if LOG_NDEBUG
+#define RLOGV(...) do { if (0) { __RLOGV(__VA_ARGS__); } } while (0)
+#else
+#define RLOGV(...) __RLOGV(__VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RLOGV_IF
+#if LOG_NDEBUG
+#define RLOGV_IF(cond, ...)   ((void)0)
+#else
+#define RLOGV_IF(cond, ...) \
+    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
+    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
+    : (void)0 )
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Simplified macro to send a debug radio log message using  current LOG_TAG.
+ */
+#ifndef RLOGD
+#define RLOGD(...) \
+    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RLOGD_IF
+#define RLOGD_IF(cond, ...) \
+    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
+    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
+    : (void)0 )
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Simplified macro to send an info radio log message using  current LOG_TAG.
+ */
+#ifndef RLOGI
+#define RLOGI(...) \
+    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_INFO, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RLOGI_IF
+#define RLOGI_IF(cond, ...) \
+    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
+    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_INFO, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
+    : (void)0 )
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Simplified macro to send a warning radio log message using current LOG_TAG.
+ */
+#ifndef RLOGW
+#define RLOGW(...) \
+    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_WARN, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RLOGW_IF
+#define RLOGW_IF(cond, ...) \
+    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
+    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_WARN, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
+    : (void)0 )
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Simplified macro to send an error radio log message using current LOG_TAG.
+ */
+#ifndef RLOGE
+#define RLOGE(...) \
+    ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RLOGE_IF
+#define RLOGE_IF(cond, ...) \
+    ( (__predict_false(cond)) \
+    ? ((void)__android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_RADIO, ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)) \
+    : (void)0 )
+#endif
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * Event logging.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The following should not be used directly.
+ */
+
+int __android_log_bwrite(int32_t tag, const void* payload, size_t len);
+int __android_log_btwrite(int32_t tag, char type, const void* payload,
+                          size_t len);
+int __android_log_bswrite(int32_t tag, const char* payload);
+
+#define android_bWriteLog(tag, payload, len) \
+    __android_log_bwrite(tag, payload, len)
+#define android_btWriteLog(tag, type, payload, len) \
+    __android_log_btwrite(tag, type, payload, len)
+
+/*
+ * Event log entry types.
+ */
+#ifndef __AndroidEventLogType_defined
+#define __AndroidEventLogType_defined
+typedef enum {
+    /* Special markers for android_log_list_element type */
+    EVENT_TYPE_LIST_STOP = '\n', /* declare end of list  */
+    EVENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN   = '?',  /* protocol error       */
+
+    /* must match with declaration in java/android/android/util/EventLog.java */
+    EVENT_TYPE_INT       = 0,    /* int32_t */
+    EVENT_TYPE_LONG      = 1,    /* int64_t */
+    EVENT_TYPE_STRING    = 2,
+    EVENT_TYPE_LIST      = 3,
+    EVENT_TYPE_FLOAT     = 4,
+} AndroidEventLogType;
+#endif
+#define sizeof_AndroidEventLogType sizeof(typeof_AndroidEventLogType)
+#define typeof_AndroidEventLogType unsigned char
+
+#ifndef LOG_EVENT_INT
+#define LOG_EVENT_INT(_tag, _value) {                                       \
+        int intBuf = _value;                                                \
+        (void) android_btWriteLog(_tag, EVENT_TYPE_INT, &intBuf,            \
+            sizeof(intBuf));                                                \
+    }
+#endif
+#ifndef LOG_EVENT_LONG
+#define LOG_EVENT_LONG(_tag, _value) {                                      \
+        long long longBuf = _value;                                         \
+        (void) android_btWriteLog(_tag, EVENT_TYPE_LONG, &longBuf,          \
+            sizeof(longBuf));                                               \
+    }
+#endif
+#ifndef LOG_EVENT_FLOAT
+#define LOG_EVENT_FLOAT(_tag, _value) {                                     \
+        float floatBuf = _value;                                            \
+        (void) android_btWriteLog(_tag, EVENT_TYPE_FLOAT, &floatBuf,        \
+            sizeof(floatBuf));                                              \
+    }
+#endif
+#ifndef LOG_EVENT_STRING
+#define LOG_EVENT_STRING(_tag, _value)                                      \
+        (void) __android_log_bswrite(_tag, _value);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef log_id_t_defined
+#define log_id_t_defined
+typedef enum log_id {
+    LOG_ID_MIN = 0,
+
+    LOG_ID_MAIN = 0,
+    LOG_ID_RADIO = 1,
+    LOG_ID_EVENTS = 2,
+    LOG_ID_SYSTEM = 3,
+    LOG_ID_CRASH = 4,
+    LOG_ID_SECURITY = 5,
+    LOG_ID_KERNEL = 6, /* place last, third-parties can not use it */
+
+    LOG_ID_MAX
+} log_id_t;
+#endif
+#define sizeof_log_id_t sizeof(typeof_log_id_t)
+#define typeof_log_id_t unsigned char
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+/*
+ * Native log reading interface section. See logcat for sample code.
+ *
+ * The preferred API is an exec of logcat. Likely uses of this interface
+ * are if native code suffers from exec or filtration being too costly,
+ * access to raw information, or parsing is an issue.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The userspace structure for version 1 of the logger_entry ABI.
+ */
+#ifndef __struct_logger_entry_defined
+#define __struct_logger_entry_defined
+struct logger_entry {
+    uint16_t    len;    /* length of the payload */
+    uint16_t    __pad;  /* no matter what, we get 2 bytes of padding */
+    int32_t     pid;    /* generating process's pid */
+    int32_t     tid;    /* generating process's tid */
+    int32_t     sec;    /* seconds since Epoch */
+    int32_t     nsec;   /* nanoseconds */
+#ifndef __cplusplus
+    char        msg[0]; /* the entry's payload */
+#endif
+};
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * The userspace structure for version 2 of the logger_entry ABI.
+ */
+#ifndef __struct_logger_entry_v2_defined
+#define __struct_logger_entry_v2_defined
+struct logger_entry_v2 {
+    uint16_t    len;       /* length of the payload */
+    uint16_t    hdr_size;  /* sizeof(struct logger_entry_v2) */
+    int32_t     pid;       /* generating process's pid */
+    int32_t     tid;       /* generating process's tid */
+    int32_t     sec;       /* seconds since Epoch */
+    int32_t     nsec;      /* nanoseconds */
+    uint32_t    euid;      /* effective UID of logger */
+#ifndef __cplusplus
+    char        msg[0];    /* the entry's payload */
+#endif
+} __attribute__((__packed__));
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * The userspace structure for version 3 of the logger_entry ABI.
+ */
+#ifndef __struct_logger_entry_v3_defined
+#define __struct_logger_entry_v3_defined
+struct logger_entry_v3 {
+    uint16_t    len;       /* length of the payload */
+    uint16_t    hdr_size;  /* sizeof(struct logger_entry_v3) */
+    int32_t     pid;       /* generating process's pid */
+    int32_t     tid;       /* generating process's tid */
+    int32_t     sec;       /* seconds since Epoch */
+    int32_t     nsec;      /* nanoseconds */
+    uint32_t    lid;       /* log id of the payload */
+#ifndef __cplusplus
+    char        msg[0];    /* the entry's payload */
+#endif
+} __attribute__((__packed__));
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * The userspace structure for version 4 of the logger_entry ABI.
+ */
+#ifndef __struct_logger_entry_v4_defined
+#define __struct_logger_entry_v4_defined
+struct logger_entry_v4 {
+    uint16_t    len;       /* length of the payload */
+    uint16_t    hdr_size;  /* sizeof(struct logger_entry_v4) */
+    int32_t     pid;       /* generating process's pid */
+    uint32_t    tid;       /* generating process's tid */
+    uint32_t    sec;       /* seconds since Epoch */
+    uint32_t    nsec;      /* nanoseconds */
+    uint32_t    lid;       /* log id of the payload, bottom 4 bits currently */
+    uint32_t    uid;       /* generating process's uid */
+#ifndef __cplusplus
+    char        msg[0];    /* the entry's payload */
+#endif
+};
+#endif
+
+/* struct log_time is a wire-format variant of struct timespec */
+#define NS_PER_SEC 1000000000ULL
+
+#ifndef __struct_log_time_defined
+#define __struct_log_time_defined
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+
+/*
+ * NB: we did NOT define a copy constructor. This will result in structure
+ * no longer being compatible with pass-by-value which is desired
+ * efficient behavior. Also, pass-by-reference breaks C/C++ ABI.
+ */
+struct log_time {
+public:
+    uint32_t tv_sec; /* good to Feb 5 2106 */
+    uint32_t tv_nsec;
+
+    static const uint32_t tv_sec_max = 0xFFFFFFFFUL;
+    static const uint32_t tv_nsec_max = 999999999UL;
+
+    log_time(const timespec& T)
+    {
+        tv_sec = static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_sec);
+        tv_nsec = static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_nsec);
+    }
+    log_time(uint32_t sec, uint32_t nsec)
+    {
+        tv_sec = sec;
+        tv_nsec = nsec;
+    }
+#ifdef _SYSTEM_CORE_INCLUDE_PRIVATE_ANDROID_LOGGER_H_
+#define __struct_log_time_private_defined
+    static const timespec EPOCH;
+#endif
+    log_time()
+    {
+    }
+#ifdef __linux__
+    log_time(clockid_t id)
+    {
+        timespec T;
+        clock_gettime(id, &T);
+        tv_sec = static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_sec);
+        tv_nsec = static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_nsec);
+    }
+#endif
+    log_time(const char* T)
+    {
+        const uint8_t* c = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(T);
+        tv_sec = c[0] |
+                 (static_cast<uint32_t>(c[1]) << 8) |
+                 (static_cast<uint32_t>(c[2]) << 16) |
+                 (static_cast<uint32_t>(c[3]) << 24);
+        tv_nsec = c[4] |
+                  (static_cast<uint32_t>(c[5]) << 8) |
+                  (static_cast<uint32_t>(c[6]) << 16) |
+                  (static_cast<uint32_t>(c[7]) << 24);
+    }
+
+    /* timespec */
+    bool operator== (const timespec& T) const
+    {
+        return (tv_sec == static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_sec))
+            && (tv_nsec == static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_nsec));
+    }
+    bool operator!= (const timespec& T) const
+    {
+        return !(*this == T);
+    }
+    bool operator< (const timespec& T) const
+    {
+        return (tv_sec < static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_sec))
+            || ((tv_sec == static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_sec))
+                && (tv_nsec < static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_nsec)));
+    }
+    bool operator>= (const timespec& T) const
+    {
+        return !(*this < T);
+    }
+    bool operator> (const timespec& T) const
+    {
+        return (tv_sec > static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_sec))
+            || ((tv_sec == static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_sec))
+                && (tv_nsec > static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_nsec)));
+    }
+    bool operator<= (const timespec& T) const
+    {
+        return !(*this > T);
+    }
+
+#ifdef _SYSTEM_CORE_INCLUDE_PRIVATE_ANDROID_LOGGER_H_
+    log_time operator-= (const timespec& T);
+    log_time operator- (const timespec& T) const
+    {
+        log_time local(*this);
+        return local -= T;
+    }
+    log_time operator+= (const timespec& T);
+    log_time operator+ (const timespec& T) const
+    {
+        log_time local(*this);
+        return local += T;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /* log_time */
+    bool operator== (const log_time& T) const
+    {
+        return (tv_sec == T.tv_sec) && (tv_nsec == T.tv_nsec);
+    }
+    bool operator!= (const log_time& T) const
+    {
+        return !(*this == T);
+    }
+    bool operator< (const log_time& T) const
+    {
+        return (tv_sec < T.tv_sec)
+            || ((tv_sec == T.tv_sec) && (tv_nsec < T.tv_nsec));
+    }
+    bool operator>= (const log_time& T) const
+    {
+        return !(*this < T);
+    }
+    bool operator> (const log_time& T) const
+    {
+        return (tv_sec > T.tv_sec)
+            || ((tv_sec == T.tv_sec) && (tv_nsec > T.tv_nsec));
+    }
+    bool operator<= (const log_time& T) const
+    {
+        return !(*this > T);
+    }
+
+#ifdef _SYSTEM_CORE_INCLUDE_PRIVATE_ANDROID_LOGGER_H_
+    log_time operator-= (const log_time& T);
+    log_time operator- (const log_time& T) const
+    {
+        log_time local(*this);
+        return local -= T;
+    }
+    log_time operator+= (const log_time& T);
+    log_time operator+ (const log_time& T) const
+    {
+        log_time local(*this);
+        return local += T;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    uint64_t nsec() const
+    {
+        return static_cast<uint64_t>(tv_sec) * NS_PER_SEC + tv_nsec;
+    }
+
+#ifdef _SYSTEM_CORE_INCLUDE_PRIVATE_ANDROID_LOGGER_H_
+    static const char default_format[];
+
+    /* Add %#q for the fraction of a second to the standard library functions */
+    char* strptime(const char* s, const char* format = default_format);
+#endif
+} __attribute__((__packed__));
+
+#else
+
+typedef struct log_time {
+    uint32_t tv_sec;
+    uint32_t tv_nsec;
+} __attribute__((__packed__)) log_time;
+
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * The maximum size of the log entry payload that can be
+ * written to the logger. An attempt to write more than
+ * this amount will result in a truncated log entry.
+ */
+#define LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD 4068
+
+/*
+ * The maximum size of a log entry which can be read from the
+ * kernel logger driver. An attempt to read less than this amount
+ * may result in read() returning EINVAL.
+ */
+#define LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_LEN    (5*1024)
+
+#ifndef __struct_log_msg_defined
+#define __struct_log_msg_defined
+struct log_msg {
+    union {
+        unsigned char buf[LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_LEN + 1];
+        struct logger_entry_v4 entry;
+        struct logger_entry_v4 entry_v4;
+        struct logger_entry_v3 entry_v3;
+        struct logger_entry_v2 entry_v2;
+        struct logger_entry    entry_v1;
+    } __attribute__((aligned(4)));
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+    /* Matching log_time operators */
+    bool operator== (const log_msg& T) const
+    {
+        return (entry.sec == T.entry.sec) && (entry.nsec == T.entry.nsec);
+    }
+    bool operator!= (const log_msg& T) const
+    {
+        return !(*this == T);
+    }
+    bool operator< (const log_msg& T) const
+    {
+        return (entry.sec < T.entry.sec)
+            || ((entry.sec == T.entry.sec)
+             && (entry.nsec < T.entry.nsec));
+    }
+    bool operator>= (const log_msg& T) const
+    {
+        return !(*this < T);
+    }
+    bool operator> (const log_msg& T) const
+    {
+        return (entry.sec > T.entry.sec)
+            || ((entry.sec == T.entry.sec)
+             && (entry.nsec > T.entry.nsec));
+    }
+    bool operator<= (const log_msg& T) const
+    {
+        return !(*this > T);
+    }
+    uint64_t nsec() const
+    {
+        return static_cast<uint64_t>(entry.sec) * NS_PER_SEC + entry.nsec;
+    }
+
+    /* packet methods */
+    log_id_t id()
+    {
+        return static_cast<log_id_t>(entry.lid);
+    }
+    char* msg()
+    {
+        unsigned short hdr_size = entry.hdr_size;
+        if (!hdr_size) {
+            hdr_size = sizeof(entry_v1);
+        }
+        if ((hdr_size < sizeof(entry_v1)) || (hdr_size > sizeof(entry))) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        return reinterpret_cast<char*>(buf) + hdr_size;
+    }
+    unsigned int len()
+    {
+        return (entry.hdr_size ?
+                    entry.hdr_size :
+                    static_cast<uint16_t>(sizeof(entry_v1))) +
+               entry.len;
+    }
+#endif
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE
+#ifndef __ANDROID_API__
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE 3
+#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 23 /* > Marshmallow */
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE 3
+#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 22 /* > Lollipop */
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE 2
+#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 19 /* > KitKat */
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE 1
+#else
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE
+
+struct logger;
+
+log_id_t android_logger_get_id(struct logger* logger);
+
+int android_logger_clear(struct logger* logger);
+long android_logger_get_log_size(struct logger* logger);
+int android_logger_set_log_size(struct logger* logger, unsigned long size);
+long android_logger_get_log_readable_size(struct logger* logger);
+int android_logger_get_log_version(struct logger* logger);
+
+struct logger_list;
+
+#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE > 1
+ssize_t android_logger_get_statistics(struct logger_list* logger_list,
+                                      char* buf, size_t len);
+ssize_t android_logger_get_prune_list(struct logger_list* logger_list,
+                                      char* buf, size_t len);
+int android_logger_set_prune_list(struct logger_list* logger_list,
+                                  char* buf, size_t len);
+#endif
+
+#define ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY   O_RDONLY
+#define ANDROID_LOG_WRONLY   O_WRONLY
+#define ANDROID_LOG_RDWR     O_RDWR
+#define ANDROID_LOG_ACCMODE  O_ACCMODE
+#define ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK O_NONBLOCK
+#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE > 2
+#define ANDROID_LOG_WRAP     0x40000000 /* Block until buffer about to wrap */
+#define ANDROID_LOG_WRAP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT 7200 /* 2 hour default */
+#endif
+#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE > 1
+#define ANDROID_LOG_PSTORE   0x80000000
+#endif
+
+struct logger_list* android_logger_list_alloc(int mode,
+                                              unsigned int tail,
+                                              pid_t pid);
+struct logger_list* android_logger_list_alloc_time(int mode,
+                                                   log_time start,
+                                                   pid_t pid);
+void android_logger_list_free(struct logger_list* logger_list);
+/* In the purest sense, the following two are orthogonal interfaces */
+int android_logger_list_read(struct logger_list* logger_list,
+                             struct log_msg* log_msg);
+
+/* Multiple log_id_t opens */
+struct logger* android_logger_open(struct logger_list* logger_list,
+                                   log_id_t id);
+#define android_logger_close android_logger_free
+/* Single log_id_t open */
+struct logger_list* android_logger_list_open(log_id_t id,
+                                             int mode,
+                                             unsigned int tail,
+                                             pid_t pid);
+#define android_logger_list_close android_logger_list_free
+
+#endif /* __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE */
+
+#ifdef __linux__
+
+#ifndef __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOCK_INTERFACE
+#ifndef __ANDROID_API__
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOCK_INTERFACE 1
+#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 22 /* > Lollipop */
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOCK_INTERFACE 1
+#else
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOCK_INTERFACE 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOCK_INTERFACE
+clockid_t android_log_clockid();
+#endif
+
+#endif /* __linux__ */
+
+/*
+ * log_id_t helpers
+ */
+log_id_t android_name_to_log_id(const char* logName);
+const char* android_log_id_to_name(log_id_t log_id);
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#ifndef __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_EVENT_INTERFACE
+#ifndef __ANDROID_API__
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_EVENT_INTERFACE 1
+#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 23 /* > Marshmallow */
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_EVENT_INTERFACE 1
+#else
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_EVENT_INTERFACE 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_EVENT_INTERFACE
+
+/* For manipulating lists of events. */
+
+#define ANDROID_MAX_LIST_NEST_DEPTH 8
+
+/*
+ * The opaque context used to manipulate lists of events.
+ */
+#ifndef __android_log_context_defined
+#define __android_log_context_defined
+typedef struct android_log_context_internal* android_log_context;
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Elements returned when reading a list of events.
+ */
+#ifndef __android_log_list_element_defined
+#define __android_log_list_element_defined
+typedef struct {
+    AndroidEventLogType type;
+    uint16_t complete;
+    uint16_t len;
+    union {
+        int32_t int32;
+        int64_t int64;
+        char* string;
+        float float32;
+    } data;
+} android_log_list_element;
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Creates a context associated with an event tag to write elements to
+ * the list of events.
+ */
+android_log_context create_android_logger(uint32_t tag);
+
+/* All lists must be braced by a begin and end call */
+/*
+ * NB: If the first level braces are missing when specifying multiple
+ *     elements, we will manufacturer a list to embrace it for your API
+ *     convenience. For a single element, it will remain solitary.
+ */
+int android_log_write_list_begin(android_log_context ctx);
+int android_log_write_list_end(android_log_context ctx);
+
+int android_log_write_int32(android_log_context ctx, int32_t value);
+int android_log_write_int64(android_log_context ctx, int64_t value);
+int android_log_write_string8(android_log_context ctx, const char* value);
+int android_log_write_string8_len(android_log_context ctx,
+                                  const char* value, size_t maxlen);
+int android_log_write_float32(android_log_context ctx, float value);
+
+/* Submit the composed list context to the specified logger id */
+/* NB: LOG_ID_EVENTS and LOG_ID_SECURITY only valid binary buffers */
+int android_log_write_list(android_log_context ctx, log_id_t id);
+
+/*
+ * Creates a context from a raw buffer representing a list of events to be read.
+ */
+android_log_context create_android_log_parser(const char* msg, size_t len);
+
+android_log_list_element android_log_read_next(android_log_context ctx);
+android_log_list_element android_log_peek_next(android_log_context ctx);
+
+/* Finished with reader or writer context */
+int android_log_destroy(android_log_context* ctx);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#ifndef __class_android_log_event_context
+#define __class_android_log_event_context
+/* android_log_context C++ helpers */
+extern "C++" {
+class android_log_event_context {
+    android_log_context ctx;
+    int ret;
+
+    android_log_event_context(const android_log_event_context&) = delete;
+    void operator =(const android_log_event_context&) = delete;
+
+public:
+    explicit android_log_event_context(int tag) : ret(0) {
+        ctx = create_android_logger(static_cast<uint32_t>(tag));
+    }
+    explicit android_log_event_context(log_msg& log_msg) : ret(0) {
+        ctx = create_android_log_parser(log_msg.msg() + sizeof(uint32_t),
+                                        log_msg.entry.len - sizeof(uint32_t));
+    }
+    ~android_log_event_context() { android_log_destroy(&ctx); }
+
+    int close() {
+        int retval = android_log_destroy(&ctx);
+        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
+        return retval;
+    }
+
+    /* To allow above C calls to use this class as parameter */
+    operator android_log_context() const { return ctx; }
+
+    int status() const { return ret; }
+
+    int begin() {
+        int retval = android_log_write_list_begin(ctx);
+        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
+        return ret;
+    }
+    int end() {
+        int retval = android_log_write_list_end(ctx);
+        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    android_log_event_context& operator <<(int32_t value) {
+        int retval = android_log_write_int32(ctx, value);
+        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    android_log_event_context& operator <<(uint32_t value) {
+        int retval = android_log_write_int32(ctx, static_cast<int32_t>(value));
+        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    android_log_event_context& operator <<(int64_t value) {
+        int retval = android_log_write_int64(ctx, value);
+        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    android_log_event_context& operator <<(uint64_t value) {
+        int retval = android_log_write_int64(ctx, static_cast<int64_t>(value));
+        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    android_log_event_context& operator <<(const char* value) {
+        int retval = android_log_write_string8(ctx, value);
+        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
+        return *this;
+    }
+#if defined(_USING_LIBCXX)
+    android_log_event_context& operator <<(const std::string& value) {
+        int retval = android_log_write_string8_len(ctx,
+                                                   value.data(),
+                                                   value.length());
+        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+    android_log_event_context& operator <<(float value) {
+        int retval = android_log_write_float32(ctx, value);
+        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    int write(log_id_t id = LOG_ID_EVENTS) {
+        int retval = android_log_write_list(ctx, id);
+        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    int operator <<(log_id_t id) {
+        int retval = android_log_write_list(ctx, id);
+        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
+        android_log_destroy(&ctx);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Append should be a lesser-used interface, but adds
+     * access to string with length. So we offer all types.
+     */
+    template <typename Tvalue>
+    bool Append(Tvalue value) { *this << value; return ret >= 0; }
+
+    bool Append(const char* value, size_t len) {
+        int retval = android_log_write_string8_len(ctx, value, len);
+        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
+        return ret >= 0;
+    }
+
+    android_log_list_element read() { return android_log_read_next(ctx); }
+    android_log_list_element peek() { return android_log_peek_next(ctx); }
+
+};
+}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#endif /* __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_EVENT_INTERFACE */
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#ifndef _ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_SAFETYNET_INTERFACE
+#ifndef __ANDROID_API__
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_SAFETYNET_INTERFACE 1
+#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 22 /* > Lollipop */
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_SAFETYNET_INTERFACE 1
+#else
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_SAFETYNET_INTERFACE 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_SAFETYNET_INTERFACE
+
+#define android_errorWriteLog(tag, subTag) \
+    __android_log_error_write(tag, subTag, -1, NULL, 0)
+
+#define android_errorWriteWithInfoLog(tag, subTag, uid, data, dataLen) \
+    __android_log_error_write(tag, subTag, uid, data, dataLen)
+
+int __android_log_error_write(int tag, const char* subTag, int32_t uid,
+                              const char* data, uint32_t dataLen);
+
+#endif /* __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_SAFETYNET_INTERFACE */
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#ifndef __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOSE_INTERFACE
+#ifndef __ANDROID_API__
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOSE_INTERFACE 1
+#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 18 /* > JellyBean */
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOSE_INTERFACE 1
+#else
+#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOSE_INTERFACE 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOSE_INTERFACE
+/*
+ * Release any logger resources (a new log write will immediately re-acquire)
+ *
+ * May be used to clean up File descriptors after a Fork, the resources are
+ * all O_CLOEXEC so wil self clean on exec().
+ */
+void __android_log_close();
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _LIBS_LOG_LOG_H */
diff --git a/include/log/logd.h b/include/log/logd.h
index ffb8268..0e0248e 100644
--- a/include/log/logd.h
+++ b/include/log/logd.h
@@ -1 +1 @@
-#include <android/log.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
diff --git a/include/log/logger.h b/include/log/logger.h
index 65b38de..0e0248e 100644
--- a/include/log/logger.h
+++ b/include/log/logger.h
@@ -1,462 +1 @@
-/*
-**
-** Copyright 2007-2014, The Android Open Source Project
-**
-** This file is dual licensed.  It may be redistributed and/or modified
-** under the terms of the Apache 2.0 License OR version 2 of the GNU
-** General Public License.
-*/
-
-#ifndef _LIBS_LOG_LOGGER_H
-#define _LIBS_LOG_LOGGER_H
-
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <time.h>
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-#include <string>
-#endif
-
 #include <log/log.h>
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-/*
- * The userspace structure for version 1 of the logger_entry ABI.
- * This structure is returned to userspace by the kernel logger
- * driver unless an upgrade to a newer ABI version is requested.
- */
-struct logger_entry {
-    uint16_t    len;    /* length of the payload */
-    uint16_t    __pad;  /* no matter what, we get 2 bytes of padding */
-    int32_t     pid;    /* generating process's pid */
-    int32_t     tid;    /* generating process's tid */
-    int32_t     sec;    /* seconds since Epoch */
-    int32_t     nsec;   /* nanoseconds */
-    char        msg[0]; /* the entry's payload */
-} __attribute__((__packed__));
-
-/*
- * The userspace structure for version 2 of the logger_entry ABI.
- * This structure is returned to userspace if ioctl(LOGGER_SET_VERSION)
- * is called with version==2; or used with the user space log daemon.
- */
-struct logger_entry_v2 {
-    uint16_t    len;       /* length of the payload */
-    uint16_t    hdr_size;  /* sizeof(struct logger_entry_v2) */
-    int32_t     pid;       /* generating process's pid */
-    int32_t     tid;       /* generating process's tid */
-    int32_t     sec;       /* seconds since Epoch */
-    int32_t     nsec;      /* nanoseconds */
-    uint32_t    euid;      /* effective UID of logger */
-    char        msg[0];    /* the entry's payload */
-} __attribute__((__packed__));
-
-struct logger_entry_v3 {
-    uint16_t    len;       /* length of the payload */
-    uint16_t    hdr_size;  /* sizeof(struct logger_entry_v3) */
-    int32_t     pid;       /* generating process's pid */
-    int32_t     tid;       /* generating process's tid */
-    int32_t     sec;       /* seconds since Epoch */
-    int32_t     nsec;      /* nanoseconds */
-    uint32_t    lid;       /* log id of the payload */
-    char        msg[0];    /* the entry's payload */
-} __attribute__((__packed__));
-
-struct logger_entry_v4 {
-    uint16_t    len;       /* length of the payload */
-    uint16_t    hdr_size;  /* sizeof(struct logger_entry_v4) */
-    int32_t     pid;       /* generating process's pid */
-    uint32_t    tid;       /* generating process's tid */
-    uint32_t    sec;       /* seconds since Epoch */
-    uint32_t    nsec;      /* nanoseconds */
-    uint32_t    lid;       /* log id of the payload, bottom 4 bits currently */
-    uint32_t    uid;       /* generating process's uid */
-    char        msg[0];    /* the entry's payload */
-} __attribute__((__packed__));
-
-/* struct log_time is a wire-format variant of struct timespec */
-#define NS_PER_SEC 1000000000ULL
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-
-// NB: do NOT define a copy constructor. This will result in structure
-// no longer being compatible with pass-by-value which is desired
-// efficient behavior. Also, pass-by-reference breaks C/C++ ABI.
-struct log_time {
-public:
-    uint32_t tv_sec; // good to Feb 5 2106
-    uint32_t tv_nsec;
-
-    static const uint32_t tv_sec_max = 0xFFFFFFFFUL;
-    static const uint32_t tv_nsec_max = 999999999UL;
-
-    log_time(const timespec &T)
-    {
-        tv_sec = T.tv_sec;
-        tv_nsec = T.tv_nsec;
-    }
-    log_time(uint32_t sec, uint32_t nsec)
-    {
-        tv_sec = sec;
-        tv_nsec = nsec;
-    }
-    static const timespec EPOCH;
-    log_time()
-    {
-    }
-#ifdef __linux__
-    log_time(clockid_t id)
-    {
-        timespec T;
-        clock_gettime(id, &T);
-        tv_sec = T.tv_sec;
-        tv_nsec = T.tv_nsec;
-    }
-#endif
-    log_time(const char *T)
-    {
-        const uint8_t *c = (const uint8_t *) T;
-        tv_sec = c[0] | (c[1] << 8) | (c[2] << 16) | (c[3] << 24);
-        tv_nsec = c[4] | (c[5] << 8) | (c[6] << 16) | (c[7] << 24);
-    }
-
-    // timespec
-    bool operator== (const timespec &T) const
-    {
-        return (tv_sec == static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_sec))
-            && (tv_nsec == static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_nsec));
-    }
-    bool operator!= (const timespec &T) const
-    {
-        return !(*this == T);
-    }
-    bool operator< (const timespec &T) const
-    {
-        return (tv_sec < static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_sec))
-            || ((tv_sec == static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_sec))
-                && (tv_nsec < static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_nsec)));
-    }
-    bool operator>= (const timespec &T) const
-    {
-        return !(*this < T);
-    }
-    bool operator> (const timespec &T) const
-    {
-        return (tv_sec > static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_sec))
-            || ((tv_sec == static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_sec))
-                && (tv_nsec > static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_nsec)));
-    }
-    bool operator<= (const timespec &T) const
-    {
-        return !(*this > T);
-    }
-    log_time operator-= (const timespec &T);
-    log_time operator- (const timespec &T) const
-    {
-        log_time local(*this);
-        return local -= T;
-    }
-    log_time operator+= (const timespec &T);
-    log_time operator+ (const timespec &T) const
-    {
-        log_time local(*this);
-        return local += T;
-    }
-
-    // log_time
-    bool operator== (const log_time &T) const
-    {
-        return (tv_sec == T.tv_sec) && (tv_nsec == T.tv_nsec);
-    }
-    bool operator!= (const log_time &T) const
-    {
-        return !(*this == T);
-    }
-    bool operator< (const log_time &T) const
-    {
-        return (tv_sec < T.tv_sec)
-            || ((tv_sec == T.tv_sec) && (tv_nsec < T.tv_nsec));
-    }
-    bool operator>= (const log_time &T) const
-    {
-        return !(*this < T);
-    }
-    bool operator> (const log_time &T) const
-    {
-        return (tv_sec > T.tv_sec)
-            || ((tv_sec == T.tv_sec) && (tv_nsec > T.tv_nsec));
-    }
-    bool operator<= (const log_time &T) const
-    {
-        return !(*this > T);
-    }
-    log_time operator-= (const log_time &T);
-    log_time operator- (const log_time &T) const
-    {
-        log_time local(*this);
-        return local -= T;
-    }
-    log_time operator+= (const log_time &T);
-    log_time operator+ (const log_time &T) const
-    {
-        log_time local(*this);
-        return local += T;
-    }
-
-    uint64_t nsec() const
-    {
-        return static_cast<uint64_t>(tv_sec) * NS_PER_SEC + tv_nsec;
-    }
-
-    static const char default_format[];
-
-    // Add %#q for the fraction of a second to the standard library functions
-    char *strptime(const char *s, const char *format = default_format);
-} __attribute__((__packed__));
-
-#else
-
-typedef struct log_time {
-    uint32_t tv_sec;
-    uint32_t tv_nsec;
-} __attribute__((__packed__)) log_time;
-
-#endif
-
-/*
- * The maximum size of the log entry payload that can be
- * written to the logger. An attempt to write more than
- * this amount will result in a truncated log entry.
- */
-#define LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD 4068
-
-/*
- * The maximum size of a log entry which can be read from the
- * kernel logger driver. An attempt to read less than this amount
- * may result in read() returning EINVAL.
- */
-#define LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_LEN    (5*1024)
-
-struct log_msg {
-    union {
-        unsigned char buf[LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_LEN + 1];
-        struct logger_entry_v4 entry;
-        struct logger_entry_v4 entry_v4;
-        struct logger_entry_v3 entry_v3;
-        struct logger_entry_v2 entry_v2;
-        struct logger_entry    entry_v1;
-    } __attribute__((aligned(4)));
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-    /* Matching log_time operators */
-    bool operator== (const log_msg &T) const
-    {
-        return (entry.sec == T.entry.sec) && (entry.nsec == T.entry.nsec);
-    }
-    bool operator!= (const log_msg &T) const
-    {
-        return !(*this == T);
-    }
-    bool operator< (const log_msg &T) const
-    {
-        return (entry.sec < T.entry.sec)
-            || ((entry.sec == T.entry.sec)
-             && (entry.nsec < T.entry.nsec));
-    }
-    bool operator>= (const log_msg &T) const
-    {
-        return !(*this < T);
-    }
-    bool operator> (const log_msg &T) const
-    {
-        return (entry.sec > T.entry.sec)
-            || ((entry.sec == T.entry.sec)
-             && (entry.nsec > T.entry.nsec));
-    }
-    bool operator<= (const log_msg &T) const
-    {
-        return !(*this > T);
-    }
-    uint64_t nsec() const
-    {
-        return static_cast<uint64_t>(entry.sec) * NS_PER_SEC + entry.nsec;
-    }
-
-    /* packet methods */
-    log_id_t id()
-    {
-        return (log_id_t) entry.lid;
-    }
-    char *msg()
-    {
-        unsigned short hdr_size = entry.hdr_size;
-        if (!hdr_size) {
-            hdr_size = sizeof(entry_v1);
-        }
-        if ((hdr_size < sizeof(entry_v1)) || (hdr_size > sizeof(entry))) {
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        return (char *) buf + hdr_size;
-    }
-    unsigned int len()
-    {
-        return (entry.hdr_size ? entry.hdr_size : sizeof(entry_v1)) + entry.len;
-    }
-#endif
-};
-
-struct logger;
-
-log_id_t android_logger_get_id(struct logger *logger);
-
-int android_logger_clear(struct logger *logger);
-long android_logger_get_log_size(struct logger *logger);
-int android_logger_set_log_size(struct logger *logger, unsigned long size);
-long android_logger_get_log_readable_size(struct logger *logger);
-int android_logger_get_log_version(struct logger *logger);
-
-struct logger_list;
-
-ssize_t android_logger_get_statistics(struct logger_list *logger_list,
-                                      char *buf, size_t len);
-ssize_t android_logger_get_prune_list(struct logger_list *logger_list,
-                                      char *buf, size_t len);
-int android_logger_set_prune_list(struct logger_list *logger_list,
-                                  char *buf, size_t len);
-
-#define ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY   O_RDONLY
-#define ANDROID_LOG_WRONLY   O_WRONLY
-#define ANDROID_LOG_RDWR     O_RDWR
-#define ANDROID_LOG_ACCMODE  O_ACCMODE
-#define ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK O_NONBLOCK
-#define ANDROID_LOG_WRAP     0x40000000 /* Block until buffer about to wrap */
-#define ANDROID_LOG_WRAP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT 7200 /* 2 hour default */
-#define ANDROID_LOG_PSTORE   0x80000000
-
-struct logger_list *android_logger_list_alloc(int mode,
-                                              unsigned int tail,
-                                              pid_t pid);
-struct logger_list *android_logger_list_alloc_time(int mode,
-                                                   log_time start,
-                                                   pid_t pid);
-void android_logger_list_free(struct logger_list *logger_list);
-/* In the purest sense, the following two are orthogonal interfaces */
-int android_logger_list_read(struct logger_list *logger_list,
-                             struct log_msg *log_msg);
-
-/* Multiple log_id_t opens */
-struct logger *android_logger_open(struct logger_list *logger_list,
-                                   log_id_t id);
-#define android_logger_close android_logger_free
-/* Single log_id_t open */
-struct logger_list *android_logger_list_open(log_id_t id,
-                                             int mode,
-                                             unsigned int tail,
-                                             pid_t pid);
-#define android_logger_list_close android_logger_list_free
-
-#ifdef __linux__
-clockid_t android_log_clockid();
-#endif
-
-/*
- * log_id_t helpers
- */
-log_id_t android_name_to_log_id(const char *logName);
-const char *android_log_id_to_name(log_id_t log_id);
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-// android_log_context C++ helpers
-class android_log_event_context {
-    android_log_context ctx;
-    int ret;
-
-public:
-    explicit android_log_event_context(int tag) : ret(0) {
-        ctx = create_android_logger(tag);
-    }
-    explicit android_log_event_context(log_msg& log_msg) : ret(0) {
-        ctx = create_android_log_parser(log_msg.msg() + sizeof(uint32_t),
-                                        log_msg.entry.len - sizeof(uint32_t));
-    }
-    ~android_log_event_context() { android_log_destroy(&ctx); }
-
-    int close() {
-        int retval = android_log_destroy(&ctx);
-        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
-        return retval;
-    }
-
-    // To allow above C calls to use this class as parameter
-    operator android_log_context() const { return ctx; };
-
-    int error() const { return ret; }
-
-    int begin() {
-        int retval = android_log_write_list_begin(ctx);
-        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
-        return ret;
-    }
-    int end() {
-        int retval = android_log_write_list_end(ctx);
-        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    android_log_event_context& operator <<(int32_t value) {
-        int retval = android_log_write_int32(ctx, value);
-        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
-        return *this;
-    }
-    android_log_event_context& operator <<(uint32_t value) {
-        int retval = android_log_write_int32(ctx, value);
-        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
-        return *this;
-    }
-    android_log_event_context& operator <<(int64_t value) {
-        int retval = android_log_write_int64(ctx, value);
-        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
-        return *this;
-    }
-    android_log_event_context& operator <<(uint64_t value) {
-        int retval = android_log_write_int64(ctx, value);
-        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
-        return *this;
-    }
-    android_log_event_context& operator <<(const char* value) {
-        int retval = android_log_write_string8(ctx, value);
-        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
-        return *this;
-    }
-    android_log_event_context& operator <<(std::string& value) {
-        int retval = android_log_write_string8_len(ctx,
-                                                   value.data(),
-                                                   value.length());
-        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
-        return *this;
-    }
-    android_log_event_context& operator <<(float value) {
-        int retval = android_log_write_float32(ctx, value);
-        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    int write(log_id_t id) {
-        int retval = android_log_write_list(ctx, id);
-        if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    android_log_list_element read() { return android_log_read_next(ctx); }
-    android_log_list_element peak() { return android_log_peek_next(ctx); }
-
-};
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif /* _LIBS_LOG_LOGGER_H */
diff --git a/include/log/logprint.h b/include/log/logprint.h
index e5cd1de..493f9f8 100644
--- a/include/log/logprint.h
+++ b/include/log/logprint.h
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 
 #include <android/log.h>
 #include <log/event_tag_map.h>
-#include <log/logger.h> /* struct logger_entry */
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
@@ -58,24 +57,24 @@
     int32_t uid;
     int32_t pid;
     int32_t tid;
-    const char * tag;
+    const char* tag;
     size_t tagLen;
     size_t messageLen;
-    const char * message;
+    const char* message;
 } AndroidLogEntry;
 
-AndroidLogFormat *android_log_format_new();
+AndroidLogFormat* android_log_format_new();
 
-void android_log_format_free(AndroidLogFormat *p_format);
+void android_log_format_free(AndroidLogFormat* p_format);
 
 /* currently returns 0 if format is a modifier, 1 if not */
-int android_log_setPrintFormat(AndroidLogFormat *p_format,
+int android_log_setPrintFormat(AndroidLogFormat* p_format,
         AndroidLogPrintFormat format);
 
 /**
  * Returns FORMAT_OFF on invalid string
  */
-AndroidLogPrintFormat android_log_formatFromString(const char *s);
+AndroidLogPrintFormat android_log_formatFromString(const char* s);
 
 /**
  * filterExpression: a single filter expression
@@ -87,9 +86,8 @@
  *
  */
 
-int android_log_addFilterRule(AndroidLogFormat *p_format,
-        const char *filterExpression);
-
+int android_log_addFilterRule(AndroidLogFormat* p_format,
+        const char* filterExpression);
 
 /**
  * filterString: a whitespace-separated set of filter expressions
@@ -101,17 +99,15 @@
  *
  */
 
-int android_log_addFilterString(AndroidLogFormat *p_format,
-        const char *filterString);
-
+int android_log_addFilterString(AndroidLogFormat* p_format,
+        const char* filterString);
 
 /**
  * returns 1 if this log line should be printed based on its priority
  * and tag, and 0 if it should not
  */
 int android_log_shouldPrintLine (
-        AndroidLogFormat *p_format, const char *tag, android_LogPriority pri);
-
+        AndroidLogFormat* p_format, const char* tag, android_LogPriority pri);
 
 /**
  * Splits a wire-format buffer into an AndroidLogEntry
@@ -120,8 +116,8 @@
  * Returns 0 on success and -1 on invalid wire format (entry will be
  * in unspecified state)
  */
-int android_log_processLogBuffer(struct logger_entry *buf,
-                                 AndroidLogEntry *entry);
+int android_log_processLogBuffer(struct logger_entry* buf,
+                                 AndroidLogEntry* entry);
 
 /**
  * Like android_log_processLogBuffer, but for binary logs.
@@ -129,11 +125,10 @@
  * If "map" is non-NULL, it will be used to convert the log tag number
  * into a string.
  */
-int android_log_processBinaryLogBuffer(struct logger_entry *buf,
-    AndroidLogEntry *entry, const EventTagMap* map, char* messageBuf,
+int android_log_processBinaryLogBuffer(struct logger_entry* buf,
+    AndroidLogEntry* entry, const EventTagMap* map, char* messageBuf,
     int messageBufLen);
 
-
 /**
  * Formats a log message into a buffer
  *
@@ -142,13 +137,12 @@
  * Returns NULL on malloc error
  */
 
-char *android_log_formatLogLine (
-    AndroidLogFormat *p_format,
-    char *defaultBuffer,
+char* android_log_formatLogLine (
+    AndroidLogFormat* p_format,
+    char* defaultBuffer,
     size_t defaultBufferSize,
-    const AndroidLogEntry *p_line,
-    size_t *p_outLength);
-
+    const AndroidLogEntry* p_line,
+    size_t* p_outLength);
 
 /**
  * Either print or do not print log line, based on filter
@@ -157,14 +151,12 @@
  *
  */
 int android_log_printLogLine(
-    AndroidLogFormat *p_format,
+    AndroidLogFormat* p_format,
     int fd,
-    const AndroidLogEntry *entry);
-
+    const AndroidLogEntry* entry);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
 
-
 #endif /*_LOGPRINT_H*/
diff --git a/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h b/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h
index 18300bc..26556f0 100644
--- a/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h
+++ b/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h
@@ -62,12 +62,19 @@
 bool NativeBridgeInitialized();
 
 // Load a shared library that is supported by the native bridge.
+//
+// Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
+// Use NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt() instead in namespace scenario.
 void* NativeBridgeLoadLibrary(const char* libpath, int flag);
 
 // Get a native bridge trampoline for specified native method.
 void* NativeBridgeGetTrampoline(void* handle, const char* name, const char* shorty, uint32_t len);
 
-// True if native library is valid and is for an ABI that is supported by native bridge.
+// True if native library paths are valid and is for an ABI that is supported by native bridge.
+// The *libpath* must point to a library.
+//
+// Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
+// Use NativeBridgeIsPathSupported() instead in namespace scenario.
 bool NativeBridgeIsSupported(const char* libpath);
 
 // Returns the version number of the native bridge. This information is available after a
@@ -91,6 +98,48 @@
 // This functionality is exposed mainly for testing.
 bool NativeBridgeNameAcceptable(const char* native_bridge_library_filename);
 
+// Decrements the reference count on the dynamic library handler. If the reference count drops
+// to zero then the dynamic library is unloaded.
+int NativeBridgeUnloadLibrary(void* handle);
+
+// Get last error message of native bridge when fail to load library or search symbol.
+// This is reflection of dlerror() for native bridge.
+char* NativeBridgeGetError();
+
+struct native_bridge_namespace_t;
+
+// True if native library paths are valid and is for an ABI that is supported by native bridge.
+// Different from NativeBridgeIsSupported(), the *path* here must be a directory containing
+// libraries of an ABI.
+//
+// Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
+// Use NativeBridgeIsSupported() instead in non-namespace scenario.
+bool NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(const char* path);
+
+// Initializes public and anonymous namespace at native bridge side.
+//
+// Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
+// Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
+bool NativeBridgeInitNamespace(const char* public_ns_sonames,
+                               const char* anon_ns_library_path);
+
+// Create a namespace and pass the key of related namespaces to native bridge.
+//
+// Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
+// Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
+native_bridge_namespace_t* NativeBridgeCreateNamespace(const char* name,
+                                                       const char* ld_library_path,
+                                                       const char* default_library_path,
+                                                       uint64_t type,
+                                                       const char* permitted_when_isolated_path,
+                                                       native_bridge_namespace_t* parent_ns);
+
+// Load a shared library with namespace key that is supported by the native bridge.
+//
+// Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
+// Use NativeBridgeLoadLibrary() instead in non-namespace scenario.
+void* NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt(const char* libpath, int flag, native_bridge_namespace_t* ns);
+
 // Native bridge interfaces to runtime.
 struct NativeBridgeCallbacks {
   // Version number of the interface.
@@ -114,6 +163,9 @@
   //   flag [IN] the stardard RTLD_XXX defined in bionic dlfcn.h
   // Returns:
   //   The opaque handle of the shared library if sucessful, otherwise NULL
+  //
+  // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
+  // Use loadLibraryExt instead in namespace scenario.
   void* (*loadLibrary)(const char* libpath, int flag);
 
   // Get a native bridge trampoline for specified native method. The trampoline has same
@@ -133,6 +185,9 @@
   //   libpath [IN] path to the shared library
   // Returns:
   //   TRUE if library is supported by native bridge, FALSE otherwise
+  //
+  // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
+  // Use isPathSupported instead in namespace scenario.
   bool (*isSupported)(const char* libpath);
 
   // Provide environment values required by the app running with native bridge according to the
@@ -169,6 +224,88 @@
   //     runtime.
   //     Otherwise, a pointer to the signal handler.
   NativeBridgeSignalHandlerFn (*getSignalHandler)(int signal);
+
+  // Added callbacks in version 3.
+
+  // Decrements the reference count on the dynamic library handler. If the reference count drops
+  // to zero then the dynamic library is unloaded.
+  //
+  // Parameters:
+  //     handle [IN] the handler of a dynamic library.
+  //
+  // Returns:
+  //   0 on success, and nonzero on error.
+  int (*unloadLibrary)(void* handle);
+
+  // Dump the last failure message of native bridge when fail to load library or search symbol.
+  //
+  // Parameters:
+  //
+  // Returns:
+  //   A string describing the most recent error that occurred when load library
+  //   or lookup symbol via native bridge.
+  char* (*getError)();
+
+  // Check whether library paths are supported by native bridge.
+  //
+  // Parameters:
+  //   library_path [IN] search paths for native libraries (directories separated by ':')
+  // Returns:
+  //   TRUE if libraries within search paths are supported by native bridge, FALSE otherwise
+  //
+  // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
+  // Use isSupported instead in non-namespace scenario.
+  bool (*isPathSupported)(const char* library_path);
+
+  // Initializes anonymous namespace at native bridge side and pass the key of
+  // two namespaces(default and anonymous) owned by dynamic linker to native bridge.
+  //
+  // Parameters:
+  //     public_ns_sonames [IN] the name of "public" libraries.
+  //     anon_ns_library_path [IN] the library search path of (anonymous) namespace.
+  // Returns:
+  //     true if the pass is ok.
+  //     Otherwise, false.
+  //
+  // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
+  // Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
+  bool (*initNamespace)(const char* public_ns_sonames,
+                        const char* anon_ns_library_path);
+
+
+  // Create a namespace and pass the key of releated namespaces to native bridge.
+  //
+  // Parameters:
+  //     name [IN] the name of the namespace.
+  //     ld_library_path [IN] the first set of library search paths of the namespace.
+  //     default_library_path [IN] the second set of library search path of the namespace.
+  //     type [IN] the attribute of the namespace.
+  //     permitted_when_isolated_path [IN] the permitted path for isolated namespace(if it is).
+  //     parent_ns [IN] the pointer of the parent namespace to be inherited from.
+  // Returns:
+  //     native_bridge_namespace_t* for created namespace or nullptr in the case of error.
+  //
+  // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
+  // Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
+  native_bridge_namespace_t* (*createNamespace)(const char* name,
+                                                const char* ld_library_path,
+                                                const char* default_library_path,
+                                                uint64_t type,
+                                                const char* permitted_when_isolated_path,
+                                                native_bridge_namespace_t* parent_ns);
+
+  // Load a shared library within a namespace.
+  //
+  // Parameters:
+  //   libpath [IN] path to the shared library
+  //   flag [IN] the stardard RTLD_XXX defined in bionic dlfcn.h
+  //   ns [IN] the pointer of the namespace in which the library should be loaded.
+  // Returns:
+  //   The opaque handle of the shared library if sucessful, otherwise NULL
+  //
+  // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
+  // Use loadLibrary instead in non-namespace scenario.
+  void* (*loadLibraryExt)(const char* libpath, int flag, native_bridge_namespace_t* ns);
 };
 
 // Runtime interfaces to native bridge.
diff --git a/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h b/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h
index 167a6d9..c364317 100644
--- a/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h
+++ b/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@
 #define AID_DNS           1051  /* DNS resolution daemon (system: netd) */
 #define AID_DNS_TETHER    1052  /* DNS resolution daemon (tether: dnsmasq) */
 #define AID_WEBVIEW_ZYGOTE 1053 /* WebView zygote process */
+#define AID_VEHICLE_NETWORK 1054 /* Vehicle network service */
 /* Changes to this file must be made in AOSP, *not* in internal branches. */
 
 #define AID_SHELL         2000  /* adb and debug shell user */
@@ -208,6 +209,7 @@
     { "dns",           AID_DNS, },
     { "dns_tether",    AID_DNS_TETHER, },
     { "webview_zygote", AID_WEBVIEW_ZYGOTE, },
+    { "vehicle_network", AID_VEHICLE_NETWORK, },
 
     { "shell",         AID_SHELL, },
     { "cache",         AID_CACHE, },
diff --git a/include/private/android_logger.h b/include/private/android_logger.h
index 02764d3..f3c6cf7 100644
--- a/include/private/android_logger.h
+++ b/include/private/android_logger.h
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
-#include <android/log.h>
-#include <log/logger.h> /* log_time */
+#include <log/log.h>
 
 #define LOGGER_MAGIC 'l'
 
@@ -110,8 +109,8 @@
 ssize_t __android_log_pmsg_file_write(
         log_id_t logId,
         char prio,
-        const char *filename,
-        const char *buf, size_t len);
+        const char* filename,
+        const char* buf, size_t len);
 
 #define LOG_ID_ANY      ((log_id_t)-1)
 #define ANDROID_LOG_ANY ANDROID_LOG_UNKNOWN
@@ -120,15 +119,15 @@
 typedef ssize_t (*__android_log_pmsg_file_read_fn)(
         log_id_t logId,
         char prio,
-        const char *filename,
-        const char *buf, size_t len, void *arg);
+        const char* filename,
+        const char* buf, size_t len, void* arg);
 
 ssize_t __android_log_pmsg_file_read(
-        log_id_t logId, char prio, const char *prefix,
-        __android_log_pmsg_file_read_fn fn, void *arg);
+        log_id_t logId, char prio, const char* prefix,
+        __android_log_pmsg_file_read_fn fn, void* arg);
 
-int __android_log_security_bwrite(int32_t tag, const void *payload, size_t len);
-int __android_log_security_bswrite(int32_t tag, const char *payload);
+int __android_log_security_bwrite(int32_t tag, const void* payload, size_t len);
+int __android_log_security_bswrite(int32_t tag, const char* payload);
 int __android_log_security(); /* Device Owner is present */
 
 int __android_log_is_debuggable();
@@ -139,7 +138,7 @@
 #define BOOL_DEFAULT_FLAG_PERSIST    0x2 /* <key>, persist.<key>, ro.<key>  */
 #define BOOL_DEFAULT_FLAG_ENG        0x4 /* off for user                    */
 #define BOOL_DEFAULT_FLAG_SVELTE     0x8 /* off for low_ram                 */
-bool __android_logger_property_get_bool(const char *key, int flag);
+bool __android_logger_property_get_bool(const char* key, int flag);
 
 #define LOG_BUFFER_SIZE (256 * 1024) /* Tuned with ro.logd.size per-platform */
 #define LOG_BUFFER_MIN_SIZE (64 * 1024UL)
diff --git a/init/bootchart.cpp b/init/bootchart.cpp
index 467a838..8fb55f0 100644
--- a/init/bootchart.cpp
+++ b/init/bootchart.cpp
@@ -241,6 +241,7 @@
     fclose(log_disks);
     fclose(log_procs);
     acct(NULL);
+    LOG(INFO) << "Bootcharting finished";
 }
 
 void bootchart_sample(int* timeout) {
@@ -253,12 +254,12 @@
     int elapsed_time = current_time - g_last_bootchart_time;
 
     if (elapsed_time >= BOOTCHART_POLLING_MS) {
-        /* count missed samples */
+        // Count missed samples.
         while (elapsed_time >= BOOTCHART_POLLING_MS) {
             elapsed_time -= BOOTCHART_POLLING_MS;
             g_remaining_samples--;
         }
-        /* count may be negative, take a sample anyway */
+        // Count may be negative, take a sample anyway.
         g_last_bootchart_time = current_time;
         if (bootchart_step() < 0 || g_remaining_samples <= 0) {
             bootchart_finish();
diff --git a/init/property_service.cpp b/init/property_service.cpp
index 1e569af..e7176c6 100644
--- a/init/property_service.cpp
+++ b/init/property_service.cpp
@@ -141,23 +141,24 @@
     }
 }
 
-static bool is_legal_property_name(const char* name, size_t namelen)
+bool is_legal_property_name(const std::string &name)
 {
-    size_t i;
+    size_t namelen = name.size();
+
     if (namelen >= PROP_NAME_MAX) return false;
     if (namelen < 1) return false;
     if (name[0] == '.') return false;
     if (name[namelen - 1] == '.') return false;
 
-    /* Only allow alphanumeric, plus '.', '-', or '_' */
+    /* Only allow alphanumeric, plus '.', '-', '@', or '_' */
     /* Don't allow ".." to appear in a property name */
-    for (i = 0; i < namelen; i++) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < namelen; i++) {
         if (name[i] == '.') {
             // i=0 is guaranteed to never have a dot. See above.
             if (name[i-1] == '.') return false;
             continue;
         }
-        if (name[i] == '_' || name[i] == '-') continue;
+        if (name[i] == '_' || name[i] == '-' || name[i] == '@') continue;
         if (name[i] >= 'a' && name[i] <= 'z') continue;
         if (name[i] >= 'A' && name[i] <= 'Z') continue;
         if (name[i] >= '0' && name[i] <= '9') continue;
@@ -168,10 +169,9 @@
 }
 
 static int property_set_impl(const char* name, const char* value) {
-    size_t namelen = strlen(name);
     size_t valuelen = strlen(value);
 
-    if (!is_legal_property_name(name, namelen)) return -1;
+    if (!is_legal_property_name(name)) return -1;
     if (valuelen >= PROP_VALUE_MAX) return -1;
 
     if (strcmp("selinux.restorecon_recursive", name) == 0 && valuelen > 0) {
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@
 
         __system_property_update(pi, value, valuelen);
     } else {
-        int rc = __system_property_add(name, namelen, value, valuelen);
+        int rc = __system_property_add(name, strlen(name), value, valuelen);
         if (rc < 0) {
             return rc;
         }
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@
         msg.name[PROP_NAME_MAX-1] = 0;
         msg.value[PROP_VALUE_MAX-1] = 0;
 
-        if (!is_legal_property_name(msg.name, strlen(msg.name))) {
+        if (!is_legal_property_name(msg.name)) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "sys_prop: illegal property name \"" << msg.name << "\"";
             close(s);
             return;
diff --git a/init/property_service.h b/init/property_service.h
index dbaed34..e3a2acb 100644
--- a/init/property_service.h
+++ b/init/property_service.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 extern void start_property_service(void);
 std::string property_get(const char* name);
 extern int property_set(const char *name, const char *value);
+extern bool is_legal_property_name(const std::string &name);
 
 
 #endif  /* _INIT_PROPERTY_H */
diff --git a/init/service.cpp b/init/service.cpp
index 22fb013..6460e71 100644
--- a/init/service.cpp
+++ b/init/service.cpp
@@ -996,13 +996,5 @@
 }
 
 bool ServiceParser::IsValidName(const std::string& name) const {
-    if (name.size() > 16) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    for (const auto& c : name) {
-        if (!isalnum(c) && (c != '_') && (c != '-')) {
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
+    return is_legal_property_name("init.svc." + name);
 }
diff --git a/libappfuse/Android.bp b/libappfuse/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b46154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libappfuse/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libappfuse_defaults",
+    local_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    shared_libs: ["libbase"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+    clang: true
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libappfuse",
+    defaults: ["libappfuse_defaults"],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    srcs: ["FuseBuffer.cc", "FuseBridgeLoop.cc"]
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "libappfuse_test",
+    defaults: ["libappfuse_defaults"],
+    shared_libs: ["libappfuse"],
+    srcs: ["tests/FuseBridgeLoopTest.cc", "tests/FuseBufferTest.cc"]
+}
diff --git a/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.cc b/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..332556d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specic language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+bool FuseBridgeLoop::Start(
+    int raw_dev_fd, int raw_proxy_fd, FuseBridgeLoop::Callback* callback) {
+  base::unique_fd dev_fd(raw_dev_fd);
+  base::unique_fd proxy_fd(raw_proxy_fd);
+
+  LOG(DEBUG) << "Start fuse loop.";
+  while (true) {
+    if (!buffer_.request.Read(dev_fd)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    const uint32_t opcode = buffer_.request.header.opcode;
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << "Read a fuse packet, opcode=" << opcode;
+    switch (opcode) {
+      case FUSE_FORGET:
+        // Do not reply to FUSE_FORGET.
+        continue;
+
+      case FUSE_LOOKUP:
+      case FUSE_GETATTR:
+      case FUSE_OPEN:
+      case FUSE_READ:
+      case FUSE_WRITE:
+      case FUSE_RELEASE:
+      case FUSE_FLUSH:
+        if (!buffer_.request.Write(proxy_fd)) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write a request to the proxy.";
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (!buffer_.response.Read(proxy_fd)) {
+          LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read a response from the proxy.";
+          return false;
+        }
+        break;
+
+      case FUSE_INIT:
+        buffer_.HandleInit();
+        break;
+
+      default:
+        buffer_.HandleNotImpl();
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (!buffer_.response.Write(dev_fd)) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write a response to the device.";
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (opcode == FUSE_INIT) {
+      callback->OnMount();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libappfuse/FuseBuffer.cc b/libappfuse/FuseBuffer.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45280a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libappfuse/FuseBuffer.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specic language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "libappfuse/FuseBuffer.h"
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+template <typename T, typename Header>
+bool FuseMessage<T, Header>::CheckHeaderLength() const {
+  if (sizeof(Header) <= header.len && header.len <= sizeof(T)) {
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Packet size is invalid=" << header.len;
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Header>
+bool FuseMessage<T, Header>::CheckResult(
+    int result, const char* operation_name) const {
+  if (result >= 0 && static_cast<uint32_t>(result) == header.len) {
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to " << operation_name
+        << " a packet from FD. result=" << result << " header.len="
+        << header.len;
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Header>
+bool FuseMessage<T, Header>::Read(int fd) {
+  const ssize_t result = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(::read(fd, this, sizeof(T)));
+  return CheckHeaderLength() && CheckResult(result, "read");
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Header>
+bool FuseMessage<T, Header>::Write(int fd) const {
+  if (!CheckHeaderLength()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const ssize_t result = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(::write(fd, this, header.len));
+  return CheckResult(result, "write");
+}
+
+template struct FuseMessage<FuseRequest, fuse_in_header>;
+template struct FuseMessage<FuseResponse, fuse_out_header>;
+
+void FuseResponse::ResetHeader(
+    uint32_t data_length, int32_t error, uint64_t unique) {
+  CHECK_LE(error, 0) << "error should be zero or negative.";
+  header.len = sizeof(fuse_out_header) + data_length;
+  header.error = error;
+  header.unique = unique;
+}
+
+void FuseResponse::Reset(uint32_t data_length, int32_t error, uint64_t unique) {
+  memset(this, 0, sizeof(fuse_out_header) + data_length);
+  ResetHeader(data_length, error, unique);
+}
+
+void FuseBuffer::HandleInit() {
+  const fuse_init_in* const in = &request.init_in;
+
+  // Before writing |out|, we need to copy data from |in|.
+  const uint64_t unique = request.header.unique;
+  const uint32_t minor = in->minor;
+  const uint32_t max_readahead = in->max_readahead;
+
+  // Kernel 2.6.16 is the first stable kernel with struct fuse_init_out
+  // defined (fuse version 7.6). The structure is the same from 7.6 through
+  // 7.22. Beginning with 7.23, the structure increased in size and added
+  // new parameters.
+  if (in->major != FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION || in->minor < 6) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Fuse kernel version mismatch: Kernel version " << in->major
+        << "." << in->minor << " Expected at least " << FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION
+        << ".6";
+    response.Reset(0, -EPERM, unique);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // We limit ourselves to 15 because we don't handle BATCH_FORGET yet
+  size_t response_size = sizeof(fuse_init_out);
+#if defined(FUSE_COMPAT_22_INIT_OUT_SIZE)
+  // FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION >= 23.
+
+  // If the kernel only works on minor revs older than or equal to 22,
+  // then use the older structure size since this code only uses the 7.22
+  // version of the structure.
+  if (minor <= 22) {
+    response_size = FUSE_COMPAT_22_INIT_OUT_SIZE;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  response.Reset(response_size, kFuseSuccess, unique);
+  fuse_init_out* const out = &response.init_out;
+  out->major = FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION;
+  // We limit ourselves to 15 because we don't handle BATCH_FORGET yet.
+  out->minor = std::min(minor, 15u);
+  out->max_readahead = max_readahead;
+  out->flags = FUSE_ATOMIC_O_TRUNC | FUSE_BIG_WRITES;
+  out->max_background = 32;
+  out->congestion_threshold = 32;
+  out->max_write = kFuseMaxWrite;
+}
+
+void FuseBuffer::HandleNotImpl() {
+  LOG(VERBOSE) << "NOTIMPL op=" << request.header.opcode << " uniq="
+      << request.header.unique << " nid=" << request.header.nodeid;
+  const uint64_t unique = request.header.unique;
+  response.Reset(0, -ENOSYS, unique);
+}
+
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.h b/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2006532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specic language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_LIBAPPFUSE_FUSEBRIDGELOOP_H_
+#define ANDROID_LIBAPPFUSE_FUSEBRIDGELOOP_H_
+
+#include "libappfuse/FuseBuffer.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+class FuseBridgeLoop {
+ public:
+  class Callback {
+   public:
+    virtual void OnMount() = 0;
+    virtual ~Callback() = default;
+  };
+
+  bool Start(int dev_fd, int proxy_fd, Callback* callback);
+
+ private:
+  FuseBuffer buffer_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_LIBAPPFUSE_FUSEBRIDGELOOP_H_
diff --git a/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseBuffer.h b/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseBuffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..071b777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseBuffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specic language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_LIBAPPFUSE_FUSEBUFFER_H_
+#define ANDROID_LIBAPPFUSE_FUSEBUFFER_H_
+
+#include <linux/fuse.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+// The numbers came from sdcard.c.
+// Maximum number of bytes to write/read in one request/one reply.
+constexpr size_t kFuseMaxWrite = 256 * 1024;
+constexpr size_t kFuseMaxRead = 128 * 1024;
+constexpr int32_t kFuseSuccess = 0;
+
+template<typename T, typename Header>
+struct FuseMessage {
+  Header header;
+  bool Read(int fd);
+  bool Write(int fd) const;
+ private:
+  bool CheckHeaderLength() const;
+  bool CheckResult(int result, const char* operation_name) const;
+};
+
+struct FuseRequest : public FuseMessage<FuseRequest, fuse_in_header> {
+  union {
+    struct {
+      fuse_write_in write_in;
+      char write_data[kFuseMaxWrite];
+    };
+    fuse_open_in open_in;
+    fuse_init_in init_in;
+    fuse_read_in read_in;
+    char lookup_name[0];
+  };
+};
+
+struct FuseResponse : public FuseMessage<FuseResponse, fuse_out_header> {
+  union {
+    fuse_init_out init_out;
+    fuse_entry_out entry_out;
+    fuse_attr_out attr_out;
+    fuse_open_out open_out;
+    char read_data[kFuseMaxRead];
+    fuse_write_out write_out;
+  };
+  void Reset(uint32_t data_length, int32_t error, uint64_t unique);
+  void ResetHeader(uint32_t data_length, int32_t error, uint64_t unique);
+};
+
+union FuseBuffer {
+  FuseRequest request;
+  FuseResponse response;
+
+  void HandleInit();
+  void HandleNotImpl();
+};
+
+class FuseProxyLoop {
+  class IFuseProxyLoopCallback {
+   public:
+    virtual void OnMount() = 0;
+    virtual ~IFuseProxyLoopCallback() = default;
+  };
+
+  bool Start(int dev_fd, int proxy_fd, IFuseProxyLoopCallback* callback);
+
+ private:
+  FuseBuffer buffer_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_LIBAPPFUSE_FUSEBUFFER_H_
diff --git a/libappfuse/tests/FuseBridgeLoopTest.cc b/libappfuse/tests/FuseBridgeLoopTest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31e3690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libappfuse/tests/FuseBridgeLoopTest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specic language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.h"
+
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+class Callback : public FuseBridgeLoop::Callback {
+ public:
+  bool mounted;
+  Callback() : mounted(false) {}
+  void OnMount() override {
+    mounted = true;
+  }
+};
+
+class FuseBridgeLoopTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  int dev_sockets_[2];
+  int proxy_sockets_[2];
+  Callback callback_;
+  std::thread thread_;
+
+  FuseRequest request_;
+  FuseResponse response_;
+
+  void SetUp() {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0, dev_sockets_));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0, proxy_sockets_));
+    thread_ = std::thread([this] {
+      FuseBridgeLoop loop;
+      loop.Start(dev_sockets_[1], proxy_sockets_[0], &callback_);
+    });
+  }
+
+  void CheckNotImpl(uint32_t opcode) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE((std::ostringstream() << "opcode: " << opcode).str());
+
+    memset(&request_, 0, sizeof(FuseRequest));
+    request_.header.opcode = opcode;
+    request_.header.len = sizeof(fuse_in_header);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(request_.Write(dev_sockets_[0]));
+
+    memset(&response_, 0, sizeof(FuseResponse));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(response_.Read(dev_sockets_[0]));
+    EXPECT_EQ(-ENOSYS, response_.header.error);
+  }
+
+  void CheckProxy(uint32_t opcode) {
+    SCOPED_TRACE((std::ostringstream() << "opcode: " << opcode).str());
+
+    memset(&request_, 0, sizeof(FuseRequest));
+    request_.header.opcode = opcode;
+    request_.header.unique = opcode; // Use opcode as unique.
+    request_.header.len = sizeof(fuse_in_header);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(request_.Write(dev_sockets_[0]));
+
+    memset(&request_, 0, sizeof(FuseRequest));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(request_.Read(proxy_sockets_[1]));
+    EXPECT_EQ(opcode, request_.header.opcode);
+    EXPECT_EQ(opcode, request_.header.unique);
+
+    memset(&response_, 0, sizeof(FuseResponse));
+    response_.header.len = sizeof(fuse_out_header);
+    response_.header.unique = opcode;  // Use opcode as unique.
+    response_.header.error = kFuseSuccess;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(response_.Write(proxy_sockets_[1]));
+
+    memset(&response_, 0, sizeof(FuseResponse));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(response_.Read(dev_sockets_[0]));
+    EXPECT_EQ(opcode, response_.header.unique);
+    EXPECT_EQ(kFuseSuccess, response_.header.error);
+  }
+
+  void SendInitRequest(uint64_t unique) {
+    memset(&request_, 0, sizeof(FuseRequest));
+    request_.header.opcode = FUSE_INIT;
+    request_.header.unique = unique;
+    request_.header.len = sizeof(fuse_in_header) + sizeof(fuse_init_in);
+    request_.init_in.major = FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION;
+    request_.init_in.minor = FUSE_KERNEL_MINOR_VERSION;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(request_.Write(dev_sockets_[0]));
+  }
+
+  void Close() {
+    close(dev_sockets_[0]);
+    close(dev_sockets_[1]);
+    close(proxy_sockets_[0]);
+    close(proxy_sockets_[1]);
+    if (thread_.joinable()) {
+      thread_.join();
+    }
+  }
+
+  void TearDown() {
+    Close();
+  }
+};
+
+TEST_F(FuseBridgeLoopTest, FuseInit) {
+  SendInitRequest(1u);
+
+  memset(&response_, 0, sizeof(FuseResponse));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(response_.Read(dev_sockets_[0]));
+  EXPECT_EQ(kFuseSuccess, response_.header.error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1u, response_.header.unique);
+
+  // Unmount.
+  Close();
+  EXPECT_TRUE(callback_.mounted);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FuseBridgeLoopTest, FuseForget) {
+  memset(&request_, 0, sizeof(FuseRequest));
+  request_.header.opcode = FUSE_FORGET;
+  request_.header.unique = 1u;
+  request_.header.len = sizeof(fuse_in_header) + sizeof(fuse_forget_in);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(request_.Write(dev_sockets_[0]));
+
+  SendInitRequest(2u);
+
+  memset(&response_, 0, sizeof(FuseResponse));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(response_.Read(dev_sockets_[0]));
+  EXPECT_EQ(2u, response_.header.unique) <<
+      "The loop must not respond to FUSE_FORGET";
+}
+
+TEST_F(FuseBridgeLoopTest, FuseNotImpl) {
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_SETATTR);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_READLINK);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_SYMLINK);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_MKNOD);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_MKDIR);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_UNLINK);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_RMDIR);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_RENAME);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_LINK);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_STATFS);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_FSYNC);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_SETXATTR);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_GETXATTR);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_LISTXATTR);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_REMOVEXATTR);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_OPENDIR);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_READDIR);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_RELEASEDIR);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_FSYNCDIR);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_GETLK);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_SETLK);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_SETLKW);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_ACCESS);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_CREATE);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_INTERRUPT);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_BMAP);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_DESTROY);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_IOCTL);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_POLL);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_NOTIFY_REPLY);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_BATCH_FORGET);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_FALLOCATE);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_READDIRPLUS);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_RENAME2);
+  CheckNotImpl(FUSE_LSEEK);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FuseBridgeLoopTest, Proxy) {
+  CheckProxy(FUSE_LOOKUP);
+  CheckProxy(FUSE_GETATTR);
+  CheckProxy(FUSE_OPEN);
+  CheckProxy(FUSE_READ);
+  CheckProxy(FUSE_WRITE);
+  CheckProxy(FUSE_RELEASE);
+  CheckProxy(FUSE_FLUSH);
+}
+
+}  // android
diff --git a/libappfuse/tests/FuseBufferTest.cc b/libappfuse/tests/FuseBufferTest.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1aacfe3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libappfuse/tests/FuseBufferTest.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specic language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "libappfuse/FuseBuffer.h"
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+constexpr char kTempFile[] = "/data/local/tmp/appfuse_test_dump";
+
+void OpenTempFile(android::base::unique_fd* fd) {
+  fd->reset(open(kTempFile, O_CREAT | O_RDWR));
+  ASSERT_NE(-1, *fd) << strerror(errno);
+  unlink(kTempFile);
+  ASSERT_NE(-1, *fd) << strerror(errno);
+}
+
+void TestReadInvalidLength(size_t headerSize, size_t write_size) {
+  android::base::unique_fd fd;
+  OpenTempFile(&fd);
+
+  char buffer[std::max(headerSize, sizeof(FuseRequest))];
+  FuseRequest* const packet = reinterpret_cast<FuseRequest*>(buffer);
+  packet->header.len = headerSize;
+  ASSERT_NE(-1, write(fd, packet, write_size)) << strerror(errno);
+
+  lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
+  EXPECT_FALSE(packet->Read(fd));
+}
+
+void TestWriteInvalidLength(size_t size) {
+  android::base::unique_fd fd;
+  OpenTempFile(&fd);
+
+  char buffer[std::max(size, sizeof(FuseRequest))];
+  FuseRequest* const packet = reinterpret_cast<FuseRequest*>(buffer);
+  packet->header.len = size;
+  EXPECT_FALSE(packet->Write(fd));
+}
+
+// Use FuseRequest as a template instance of FuseMessage.
+
+TEST(FuseMessageTest, ReadAndWrite) {
+  android::base::unique_fd fd;
+  OpenTempFile(&fd);
+
+  FuseRequest request;
+  request.header.len = sizeof(FuseRequest);
+  request.header.opcode = 1;
+  request.header.unique = 2;
+  request.header.nodeid = 3;
+  request.header.uid = 4;
+  request.header.gid = 5;
+  request.header.pid = 6;
+  strcpy(request.lookup_name, "test");
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(request.Write(fd));
+
+  memset(&request, 0, sizeof(FuseRequest));
+  lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(request.Read(fd));
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(FuseRequest), request.header.len);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1u, request.header.opcode);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2u, request.header.unique);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3u, request.header.nodeid);
+  EXPECT_EQ(4u, request.header.uid);
+  EXPECT_EQ(5u, request.header.gid);
+  EXPECT_EQ(6u, request.header.pid);
+  EXPECT_STREQ("test", request.lookup_name);
+}
+
+TEST(FuseMessageTest, Read_InconsistentLength) {
+  TestReadInvalidLength(sizeof(fuse_in_header), sizeof(fuse_in_header) + 1);
+}
+
+TEST(FuseMessageTest, Read_TooLong) {
+  TestReadInvalidLength(sizeof(FuseRequest) + 1, sizeof(FuseRequest) + 1);
+}
+
+TEST(FuseMessageTest, Read_TooShort) {
+  TestReadInvalidLength(sizeof(fuse_in_header) - 1, sizeof(fuse_in_header) - 1);
+}
+
+TEST(FuseMessageTest, Write_TooLong) {
+  TestWriteInvalidLength(sizeof(FuseRequest) + 1);
+}
+
+TEST(FuseMessageTest, Write_TooShort) {
+  TestWriteInvalidLength(sizeof(fuse_in_header) - 1);
+}
+
+TEST(FuseResponseTest, Reset) {
+  FuseResponse response;
+  // Write 1 to the first ten bytes.
+  memset(response.read_data, 'a', 10);
+
+  response.Reset(0, -1, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(fuse_out_header), response.header.len);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, response.header.error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2u, response.header.unique);
+  EXPECT_EQ('a', response.read_data[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ('a', response.read_data[9]);
+
+  response.Reset(5, -4, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(fuse_out_header) + 5, response.header.len);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-4, response.header.error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3u, response.header.unique);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, response.read_data[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, response.read_data[1]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, response.read_data[2]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, response.read_data[3]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, response.read_data[4]);
+  EXPECT_EQ('a', response.read_data[5]);
+}
+
+TEST(FuseResponseTest, ResetHeader) {
+  FuseResponse response;
+  // Write 1 to the first ten bytes.
+  memset(response.read_data, 'a', 10);
+
+  response.ResetHeader(0, -1, 2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(fuse_out_header), response.header.len);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, response.header.error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2u, response.header.unique);
+  EXPECT_EQ('a', response.read_data[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ('a', response.read_data[9]);
+
+  response.ResetHeader(5, -4, 3);
+  EXPECT_EQ(sizeof(fuse_out_header) + 5, response.header.len);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-4, response.header.error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3u, response.header.unique);
+  EXPECT_EQ('a', response.read_data[0]);
+  EXPECT_EQ('a', response.read_data[9]);
+}
+
+TEST(FuseBufferTest, HandleInit) {
+  FuseBuffer buffer;
+  memset(&buffer, 0, sizeof(FuseBuffer));
+
+  buffer.request.header.opcode = FUSE_INIT;
+  buffer.request.init_in.major = FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION;
+  buffer.request.init_in.minor = FUSE_KERNEL_MINOR_VERSION;
+
+  buffer.HandleInit();
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(sizeof(fuse_out_header) + sizeof(fuse_init_out),
+            buffer.response.header.len);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kFuseSuccess, buffer.response.header.error);
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<unsigned int>(FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION),
+            buffer.response.init_out.major);
+  EXPECT_EQ(15u, buffer.response.init_out.minor);
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<unsigned int>(FUSE_ATOMIC_O_TRUNC | FUSE_BIG_WRITES),
+      buffer.response.init_out.flags);
+  EXPECT_EQ(kFuseMaxWrite, buffer.response.init_out.max_write);
+}
+
+TEST(FuseBufferTest, HandleNotImpl) {
+  FuseBuffer buffer;
+  memset(&buffer, 0, sizeof(FuseBuffer));
+
+  buffer.HandleNotImpl();
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(sizeof(fuse_out_header), buffer.response.header.len);
+  EXPECT_EQ(-ENOSYS, buffer.response.header.error);
+}
+}
+  // namespace android
diff --git a/libbacktrace/BacktraceOffline.cpp b/libbacktrace/BacktraceOffline.cpp
index c2b68bc..a05a6d8 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/BacktraceOffline.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/BacktraceOffline.cpp
@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@
   auto binary_or_err = llvm::object::createBinary(buffer_or_err.get()->getMemBufferRef());
   if (!binary_or_err) {
     BACK_LOGW("failed to create binary for %s in %s: %s", elf_file.c_str(), apk_file.c_str(),
-              binary_or_err.getError().message().c_str());
+              llvm::toString(binary_or_err.takeError()).c_str());
     return nothing;
   }
   return llvm::object::OwningBinary<llvm::object::Binary>(std::move(binary_or_err.get()),
diff --git a/libcutils/fs_config.c b/libcutils/fs_config.c
index 3116236..9908637 100644
--- a/libcutils/fs_config.c
+++ b/libcutils/fs_config.c
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
                                           CAP_MASK_LONG(CAP_NET_RAW),    "system/bin/hostapd" },
 
     /* Support wifi_hal_legacy administering a network interface. */
-    { 00755, AID_WIFI,      AID_WIFI,     CAP_MASK_LONG(CAP_NET_ADMIN) | CAP_MASK_LONG(CAP_NET_RAW),    "system/bin/hw/wifi_hal_legacy" },
+    { 00755, AID_WIFI,      AID_WIFI,     CAP_MASK_LONG(CAP_NET_ADMIN) | CAP_MASK_LONG(CAP_NET_RAW),    "system/bin/hw/android.hardware.wifi@1.0-service" },
 
     { 00750, AID_ROOT,      AID_ROOT,      0, "system/bin/uncrypt" },
     { 00750, AID_ROOT,      AID_ROOT,      0, "system/bin/install-recovery.sh" },
diff --git a/liblog/README b/liblog/README
index dd37832..610338c 100644
--- a/liblog/README
+++ b/liblog/README
@@ -62,9 +62,7 @@
        LOG_EVENT_INT(tag, value)
        LOG_EVENT_LONG(tag, value)
 
-       Link with -llog
-
-       #include <log/logger.h>
+       clockid_t android_log_clockid()
 
        log_id_t android_logger_get_id(struct logger *logger)
        int android_logger_clear(struct logger *logger)
diff --git a/liblog/liblog.map.txt b/liblog/liblog.map.txt
index 5f19cc1..599dc90 100644
--- a/liblog/liblog.map.txt
+++ b/liblog/liblog.map.txt
@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
 LIBLOG {
   global:
     __android_log_assert;
-    __android_log_btwrite;
-    __android_log_buf_print; # introduced-arm=21 introduced-arm64=21 introduced-mips=9 introduced-mips64=21 introduced-x86=9 introduced-x86_64=21
-    __android_log_buf_write; # introduced-arm=21 introduced-arm64=21 introduced-mips=9 introduced-mips64=21 introduced-x86=9 introduced-x86_64=21
-    __android_log_bwrite;
-    __android_log_dev_available;
     __android_log_print;
     __android_log_vprint;
     __android_log_write;
   local:
     *;
 };
+
+LIBLOG_M {
+  global:
+    __android_log_is_loggable;
+};
+
+LIBLOG_O {
+  global:
+    __android_log_is_loggable_len;
+};
diff --git a/liblog/log_is_loggable.c b/liblog/log_is_loggable.c
index 132d96f..dda09e0 100644
--- a/liblog/log_is_loggable.c
+++ b/liblog/log_is_loggable.c
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@
 #include <sys/_system_properties.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#include <android/log.h>
-#include <log/logger.h>
 #include <private/android_logger.h>
 
 #include "log_portability.h"
diff --git a/liblog/log_time.cpp b/liblog/log_time.cpp
index c8bd27d..dfd2d44 100644
--- a/liblog/log_time.cpp
+++ b/liblog/log_time.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include <log/logger.h>
+#include <private/android_logger.h>
 
 #include "log_portability.h"
 
diff --git a/liblog/logger.h b/liblog/logger.h
index fb47786..50d1cb4 100644
--- a/liblog/logger.h
+++ b/liblog/logger.h
@@ -20,9 +20,8 @@
 #include <stdatomic.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
-#include <android/log.h>
 #include <cutils/list.h>
-#include <log/logger.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
 #include <log/uio.h>
 
 #include "log_portability.h"
diff --git a/liblog/logger_name.c b/liblog/logger_name.c
index 12e263a..5c4feaf 100644
--- a/liblog/logger_name.c
+++ b/liblog/logger_name.c
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <string.h>
 
-#include <android/log.h>
-#include <log/logger.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
 
 #include "log_portability.h"
 
diff --git a/liblog/logprint.c b/liblog/logprint.c
index f9b14bd..1ff7136 100644
--- a/liblog/logprint.c
+++ b/liblog/logprint.c
@@ -31,9 +31,8 @@
 #include <sys/param.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
-#include <android/log.h>
 #include <cutils/list.h>
-#include <log/logger.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
 #include <log/logprint.h>
 
 #include "log_portability.h"
diff --git a/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc b/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc
index 32b2d27..43e6c0a 100644
--- a/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc
+++ b/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc
@@ -80,6 +80,19 @@
 // Current state of the native bridge.
 static NativeBridgeState state = NativeBridgeState::kNotSetup;
 
+// The version of NativeBridge implementation.
+// Different Nativebridge interface needs the service of different version of
+// Nativebridge implementation.
+// Used by isCompatibleWith() which is introduced in v2.
+enum NativeBridgeImplementationVersion {
+    // first version, not used.
+    DEFAULT_VERSION = 1,
+    // The version which signal semantic is introduced.
+    SIGNAL_VERSION = 2,
+    // The version which namespace semantic is introduced.
+    NAMESPACE_VERSION = 3,
+};
+
 // Whether we had an error at some point.
 static bool had_error = false;
 
@@ -100,8 +113,6 @@
 // and hard code the directory name again here.
 static constexpr const char* kCodeCacheDir = "code_cache";
 
-static constexpr uint32_t kLibNativeBridgeVersion = 2;
-
 // Characters allowed in a native bridge filename. The first character must
 // be in [a-zA-Z] (expected 'l' for "libx"). The rest must be in [a-zA-Z0-9._-].
 static bool CharacterAllowed(char c, bool first) {
@@ -152,19 +163,18 @@
   }
 }
 
-static bool VersionCheck(const NativeBridgeCallbacks* cb) {
+// The policy of invoking Nativebridge changed in v3 with/without namespace.
+// Suggest Nativebridge implementation not maintain backward-compatible.
+static bool isCompatibleWith(const uint32_t version) {
   // Libnativebridge is now designed to be forward-compatible. So only "0" is an unsupported
   // version.
-  if (cb == nullptr || cb->version == 0) {
+  if (callbacks == nullptr || callbacks->version == 0 || version == 0) {
     return false;
   }
 
   // If this is a v2+ bridge, it may not be forwards- or backwards-compatible. Check.
-  if (cb->version >= 2) {
-    if (!callbacks->isCompatibleWith(kLibNativeBridgeVersion)) {
-      // TODO: Scan which version is supported, and fall back to handle it.
-      return false;
-    }
+  if (callbacks->version >= SIGNAL_VERSION) {
+    return callbacks->isCompatibleWith(version);
   }
 
   return true;
@@ -205,7 +215,7 @@
         callbacks = reinterpret_cast<NativeBridgeCallbacks*>(dlsym(handle,
                                                                    kNativeBridgeInterfaceSymbol));
         if (callbacks != nullptr) {
-          if (VersionCheck(callbacks)) {
+          if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
             // Store the handle for later.
             native_bridge_handle = handle;
           } else {
@@ -520,8 +530,91 @@
 }
 
 NativeBridgeSignalHandlerFn NativeBridgeGetSignalHandler(int signal) {
-  if (NativeBridgeInitialized() && callbacks->version >= 2) {
-    return callbacks->getSignalHandler(signal);
+  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
+    if (isCompatibleWith(SIGNAL_VERSION)) {
+      return callbacks->getSignalHandler(signal);
+    } else {
+      ALOGE("not compatible with version %d, cannot get signal handler", SIGNAL_VERSION);
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+int NativeBridgeUnloadLibrary(void* handle) {
+  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
+    if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
+      return callbacks->unloadLibrary(handle);
+    } else {
+      ALOGE("not compatible with version %d, cannot unload library", NAMESPACE_VERSION);
+    }
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+char* NativeBridgeGetError() {
+  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
+    if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
+      return callbacks->getError();
+    } else {
+      ALOGE("not compatible with version %d, cannot get message", NAMESPACE_VERSION);
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+bool NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(const char* path) {
+  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
+    if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
+      return callbacks->isPathSupported(path);
+    } else {
+      ALOGE("not compatible with version %d, cannot check via library path", NAMESPACE_VERSION);
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool NativeBridgeInitNamespace(const char* public_ns_sonames,
+                               const char* anon_ns_library_path) {
+  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
+    if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
+      return callbacks->initNamespace(public_ns_sonames, anon_ns_library_path);
+    } else {
+      ALOGE("not compatible with version %d, cannot init namespace", NAMESPACE_VERSION);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+native_bridge_namespace_t* NativeBridgeCreateNamespace(const char* name,
+                                                       const char* ld_library_path,
+                                                       const char* default_library_path,
+                                                       uint64_t type,
+                                                       const char* permitted_when_isolated_path,
+                                                       native_bridge_namespace_t* parent_ns) {
+  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
+    if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
+      return callbacks->createNamespace(name,
+                                        ld_library_path,
+                                        default_library_path,
+                                        type,
+                                        permitted_when_isolated_path,
+                                        parent_ns);
+    } else {
+      ALOGE("not compatible with version %d, cannot create namespace %s", NAMESPACE_VERSION, name);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+void* NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt(const char* libpath, int flag, native_bridge_namespace_t* ns) {
+  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
+    if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
+      return callbacks->loadLibraryExt(libpath, flag, ns);
+    } else {
+      ALOGE("not compatible with version %d, cannot load library in namespace", NAMESPACE_VERSION);
+    }
   }
   return nullptr;
 }
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/Android.mk b/libnativebridge/tests/Android.mk
index 5ad1569..4c3e862 100644
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/Android.mk
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/Android.mk
@@ -20,7 +20,13 @@
     PreInitializeNativeBridgeFail2_test.cpp \
     ReSetupNativeBridge_test.cpp \
     UnavailableNativeBridge_test.cpp \
-    ValidNameNativeBridge_test.cpp
+    ValidNameNativeBridge_test.cpp \
+    NativeBridge3UnloadLibrary_test.cpp \
+    NativeBridge3GetError_test.cpp \
+    NativeBridge3IsPathSupported_test.cpp \
+    NativeBridge3InitNamespace_test.cpp \
+    NativeBridge3CreateNamespace_test.cpp \
+    NativeBridge3LoadLibraryExt_test.cpp
 
 
 shared_libraries := \
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/Android.nativebridge-dummy.mk b/libnativebridge/tests/Android.nativebridge-dummy.mk
index e556f80..2d78be0 100644
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/Android.nativebridge-dummy.mk
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/Android.nativebridge-dummy.mk
@@ -68,3 +68,41 @@
 LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
 
 include $(BUILD_HOST_SHARED_LIBRARY)
+
+
+# v3.
+
+NATIVE_BRIDGE3_COMMON_SRC_FILES := \
+  DummyNativeBridge3.cpp
+
+# Shared library for target
+# ========================================================
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+
+LOCAL_MODULE:= libnativebridge3-dummy
+
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= $(NATIVE_BRIDGE3_COMMON_SRC_FILES)
+LOCAL_CLANG := true
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Werror -Wall
+LOCAL_CPPFLAGS := -std=gnu++11 -fvisibility=protected
+LOCAL_LDFLAGS := -ldl
+LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
+
+include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
+
+# Shared library for host
+# ========================================================
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+
+LOCAL_MODULE:= libnativebridge3-dummy
+
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= $(NATIVE_BRIDGE3_COMMON_SRC_FILES)
+LOCAL_CLANG := true
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Werror -Wall
+LOCAL_CPPFLAGS := -std=gnu++11 -fvisibility=protected
+LOCAL_LDFLAGS := -ldl
+LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
+
+include $(BUILD_HOST_SHARED_LIBRARY)
+
+
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/DummyNativeBridge3.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/DummyNativeBridge3.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c538fa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/DummyNativeBridge3.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// A dummy implementation of the native-bridge interface.
+
+#include "nativebridge/native_bridge.h"
+
+#include <signal.h>
+
+// NativeBridgeCallbacks implementations
+extern "C" bool native_bridge3_initialize(
+                      const android::NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks* /* art_cbs */,
+                      const char* /* app_code_cache_dir */,
+                      const char* /* isa */) {
+  return true;
+}
+
+extern "C" void* native_bridge3_loadLibrary(const char* /* libpath */, int /* flag */) {
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+extern "C" void* native_bridge3_getTrampoline(void* /* handle */, const char* /* name */,
+                                             const char* /* shorty */, uint32_t /* len */) {
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+extern "C" bool native_bridge3_isSupported(const char* /* libpath */) {
+  return false;
+}
+
+extern "C" const struct android::NativeBridgeRuntimeValues* native_bridge3_getAppEnv(
+    const char* /* abi */) {
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+extern "C" bool native_bridge3_isCompatibleWith(uint32_t version) {
+  // For testing, allow 1-3, but disallow 4+.
+  return version <= 3;
+}
+
+static bool native_bridge3_dummy_signal_handler(int, siginfo_t*, void*) {
+  // TODO: Implement something here. We'd either have to have a death test with a log here, or
+  //       we'd have to be able to resume after the faulting instruction...
+  return true;
+}
+
+extern "C" android::NativeBridgeSignalHandlerFn native_bridge3_getSignalHandler(int signal) {
+  if (signal == SIGSEGV) {
+    return &native_bridge3_dummy_signal_handler;
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+extern "C" int native_bridge3_unloadLibrary(void* /* handle */) {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" char* native_bridge3_getError() {
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+extern "C" bool native_bridge3_isPathSupported(const char* /* path */) {
+  return true;
+}
+
+extern "C" bool native_bridge3_initNamespace(const char* /* public_ns_sonames */,
+                                        const char* /* anon_ns_library_path */) {
+  return true;
+}
+
+extern "C" android::native_bridge_namespace_t*
+native_bridge3_createNamespace(const char* /* name */,
+                               const char* /* ld_library_path */,
+                               const char* /* default_library_path */,
+                               uint64_t /* type */,
+                               const char* /* permitted_when_isolated_path */,
+                               android::native_bridge_namespace_t* /* parent_ns */) {
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+extern "C" void* native_bridge3_loadLibraryExt(const char* /* libpath */,
+                                               int /* flag */,
+                                               android::native_bridge_namespace_t* /* ns */) {
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+
+android::NativeBridgeCallbacks NativeBridgeItf {
+  // v1
+  .version = 3,
+  .initialize = &native_bridge3_initialize,
+  .loadLibrary = &native_bridge3_loadLibrary,
+  .getTrampoline = &native_bridge3_getTrampoline,
+  .isSupported = &native_bridge3_isSupported,
+  .getAppEnv = &native_bridge3_getAppEnv,
+  // v2
+  .isCompatibleWith = &native_bridge3_isCompatibleWith,
+  .getSignalHandler = &native_bridge3_getSignalHandler,
+  // v3
+  .unloadLibrary = &native_bridge3_unloadLibrary,
+  .getError = &native_bridge3_getError,
+  .isPathSupported  = &native_bridge3_isPathSupported,
+  .initNamespace = &native_bridge3_initNamespace,
+  .createNamespace = &native_bridge3_createNamespace,
+  .loadLibraryExt = &native_bridge3_loadLibraryExt
+};
+
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3CreateNamespace_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3CreateNamespace_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..668d942
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3CreateNamespace_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary3 = "libnativebridge3-dummy.so";
+
+TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, V3_CreateNamespace) {
+    // Init
+    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary3, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(3U, NativeBridgeGetVersion());
+    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, NativeBridgeCreateNamespace(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
+                                                   0, nullptr, nullptr));
+
+    // Clean-up code_cache
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
+}
+
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3GetError_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3GetError_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b9f582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3GetError_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary3 = "libnativebridge3-dummy.so";
+
+TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, V3_GetError) {
+    // Init
+    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary3, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(3U, NativeBridgeGetVersion());
+    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, NativeBridgeGetError());
+
+    // Clean-up code_cache
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
+}
+
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3InitNamespace_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3InitNamespace_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae0fd2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3InitNamespace_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary3 = "libnativebridge3-dummy.so";
+
+TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, V3_InitNamespace) {
+    // Init
+    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary3, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(3U, NativeBridgeGetVersion());
+    ASSERT_EQ(true, NativeBridgeInitNamespace(nullptr, nullptr));
+
+    // Clean-up code_cache
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
+}
+
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3IsPathSupported_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3IsPathSupported_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..325e40b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3IsPathSupported_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary3 = "libnativebridge3-dummy.so";
+
+TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, V3_IsPathSupported) {
+    // Init
+    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary3, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(3U, NativeBridgeGetVersion());
+    ASSERT_EQ(true, NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(nullptr));
+
+    // Clean-up code_cache
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
+}
+
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3LoadLibraryExt_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3LoadLibraryExt_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4caeb44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3LoadLibraryExt_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary3 = "libnativebridge3-dummy.so";
+
+TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, V3_LoadLibraryExt) {
+    // Init
+    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary3, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(3U, NativeBridgeGetVersion());
+    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt(nullptr, 0, nullptr));
+
+    // Clean-up code_cache
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
+}
+
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3UnloadLibrary_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3UnloadLibrary_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93a979c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3UnloadLibrary_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary3 = "libnativebridge3-dummy.so";
+
+TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, V3_UnloadLibrary) {
+    // Init
+    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary3, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(3U, NativeBridgeGetVersion());
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, NativeBridgeUnloadLibrary(nullptr));
+
+    // Clean-up code_cache
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
+}
+
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridgeTest.h b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridgeTest.h
index d489420..0f99816 100644
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridgeTest.h
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridgeTest.h
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary = "libnativebridge-dummy.so";
 constexpr const char* kCodeCache = "./code_cache";
 constexpr const char* kCodeCacheStatFail = "./code_cache/temp";
+constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary2 = "libnativebridge2-dummy.so";
+constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary3 = "libnativebridge3-dummy.so";
 
 namespace android {
 
diff --git a/libnativeloader/Android.bp b/libnativeloader/Android.bp
index 30531bc..9d33899 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/Android.bp
+++ b/libnativeloader/Android.bp
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
         "libnativehelper",
         "liblog",
         "libcutils",
+        "libnativebridge",
     ],
     static_libs: ["libbase"],
     target: {
diff --git a/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/native_loader.h b/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/native_loader.h
index 2a6aaec..99ae3a7 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/native_loader.h
+++ b/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/native_loader.h
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 
 #include "jni.h"
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <string>
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
 #include <android/dlext.h>
 #endif
@@ -41,10 +42,12 @@
                         int32_t target_sdk_version,
                         const char* path,
                         jobject class_loader,
-                        jstring library_path);
+                        jstring library_path,
+                        bool* needs_native_bridge,
+                        std::string* error_msg);
 
 __attribute__((visibility("default")))
-bool CloseNativeLibrary(void* handle);
+bool CloseNativeLibrary(void* handle, const bool needs_native_bridge);
 
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
 // Look up linker namespace by class_loader. Returns nullptr if
diff --git a/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp b/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
index 3a6e54d..fb95cb6 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
+++ b/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "android/log.h"
 #include "cutils/properties.h"
 #endif
+#include "nativebridge/native_bridge.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <vector>
@@ -34,11 +35,53 @@
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 
+#define CHECK(predicate) LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!(predicate),\
+                                             "%s:%d: %s CHECK '" #predicate "' failed.",\
+                                             __FILE__, __LINE__, __FUNCTION__)
+
 namespace android {
 
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
-static constexpr const char* kPublicNativeLibrariesSystemConfigPathFromRoot = "/etc/public.libraries.txt";
-static constexpr const char* kPublicNativeLibrariesVendorConfig = "/vendor/etc/public.libraries.txt";
+class NativeLoaderNamespace {
+ public:
+  NativeLoaderNamespace()
+      : android_ns_(nullptr), native_bridge_ns_(nullptr) { }
+
+  explicit NativeLoaderNamespace(android_namespace_t* ns)
+      : android_ns_(ns), native_bridge_ns_(nullptr) { }
+
+  explicit NativeLoaderNamespace(native_bridge_namespace_t* ns)
+      : android_ns_(nullptr), native_bridge_ns_(ns) { }
+
+  NativeLoaderNamespace(NativeLoaderNamespace&& that) = default;
+  NativeLoaderNamespace(const NativeLoaderNamespace& that) = default;
+
+  NativeLoaderNamespace& operator=(const NativeLoaderNamespace& that) = default;
+
+  android_namespace_t* get_android_ns() const {
+    CHECK(native_bridge_ns_ == nullptr);
+    return android_ns_;
+  }
+
+  native_bridge_namespace_t* get_native_bridge_ns() const {
+    CHECK(android_ns_ == nullptr);
+    return native_bridge_ns_;
+  }
+
+  bool is_android_namespace() const {
+    return native_bridge_ns_ == nullptr;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Only one of them can be not null
+  android_namespace_t* android_ns_;
+  native_bridge_namespace_t* native_bridge_ns_;
+};
+
+static constexpr const char* kPublicNativeLibrariesSystemConfigPathFromRoot =
+                                  "/etc/public.libraries.txt";
+static constexpr const char* kPublicNativeLibrariesVendorConfig =
+                                  "/vendor/etc/public.libraries.txt";
 
 // (http://b/27588281) This is a workaround for apps using custom classloaders and calling
 // System.load() with an absolute path which is outside of the classloader library search path.
@@ -55,11 +98,13 @@
  public:
   LibraryNamespaces() : initialized_(false) { }
 
-  android_namespace_t* Create(JNIEnv* env,
-                              jobject class_loader,
-                              bool is_shared,
-                              jstring java_library_path,
-                              jstring java_permitted_path) {
+  bool Create(JNIEnv* env,
+              jobject class_loader,
+              bool is_shared,
+              jstring java_library_path,
+              jstring java_permitted_path,
+              NativeLoaderNamespace* ns,
+              std::string* error_msg) {
     std::string library_path; // empty string by default.
 
     if (java_library_path != nullptr) {
@@ -82,13 +127,13 @@
       }
     }
 
-    if (!initialized_ && !InitPublicNamespace(library_path.c_str())) {
-      return nullptr;
+    if (!initialized_ && !InitPublicNamespace(library_path.c_str(), error_msg)) {
+      return false;
     }
 
-    android_namespace_t* ns = FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader);
+    bool found = FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader, nullptr);
 
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(ns != nullptr,
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(found,
                         "There is already a namespace associated with this classloader");
 
     uint64_t namespace_type = ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_ISOLATED;
@@ -96,28 +141,66 @@
       namespace_type |= ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_SHARED;
     }
 
-    android_namespace_t* parent_ns = FindParentNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader);
+    NativeLoaderNamespace parent_ns;
+    bool found_parent_namespace = FindParentNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader, &parent_ns);
 
-    ns = android_create_namespace("classloader-namespace",
-                                  nullptr,
-                                  library_path.c_str(),
-                                  namespace_type,
-                                  permitted_path.c_str(),
-                                  parent_ns);
+    bool is_native_bridge = false;
 
-    if (ns != nullptr) {
-      namespaces_.push_back(std::make_pair(env->NewWeakGlobalRef(class_loader), ns));
+    if (found_parent_namespace) {
+      is_native_bridge = !parent_ns.is_android_namespace();
+    } else if (!library_path.empty()) {
+      is_native_bridge = NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(library_path.c_str());
     }
 
-    return ns;
+    NativeLoaderNamespace native_loader_ns;
+    if (!is_native_bridge) {
+      android_namespace_t* ns = android_create_namespace("classloader-namespace",
+                                                         nullptr,
+                                                         library_path.c_str(),
+                                                         namespace_type,
+                                                         permitted_path.c_str(),
+                                                         parent_ns.get_android_ns());
+      if (ns == nullptr) {
+        *error_msg = dlerror();
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      native_loader_ns = NativeLoaderNamespace(ns);
+    } else {
+      native_bridge_namespace_t* ns = NativeBridgeCreateNamespace("classloader-namespace",
+                                                                  nullptr,
+                                                                  library_path.c_str(),
+                                                                  namespace_type,
+                                                                  permitted_path.c_str(),
+                                                                  parent_ns.get_native_bridge_ns());
+      if (ns == nullptr) {
+        *error_msg = NativeBridgeGetError();
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      native_loader_ns = NativeLoaderNamespace(ns);
+    }
+
+    namespaces_.push_back(std::make_pair(env->NewWeakGlobalRef(class_loader), native_loader_ns));
+
+    *ns = native_loader_ns;
+    return true;
   }
 
-  android_namespace_t* FindNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader) {
+  bool FindNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader, NativeLoaderNamespace* ns) {
     auto it = std::find_if(namespaces_.begin(), namespaces_.end(),
-                [&](const std::pair<jweak, android_namespace_t*>& value) {
+                [&](const std::pair<jweak, NativeLoaderNamespace>& value) {
                   return env->IsSameObject(value.first, class_loader);
                 });
-    return it != namespaces_.end() ? it->second : nullptr;
+    if (it != namespaces_.end()) {
+      if (ns != nullptr) {
+        *ns = it->second;
+      }
+
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
   }
 
   void Initialize() {
@@ -217,12 +300,25 @@
     return true;
   }
 
-  bool InitPublicNamespace(const char* library_path) {
+  bool InitPublicNamespace(const char* library_path, std::string* error_msg) {
+    // Ask native bride if this apps library path should be handled by it
+    bool is_native_bridge = NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(library_path);
+
     // (http://b/25844435) - Some apps call dlopen from generated code (mono jited
     // code is one example) unknown to linker in which  case linker uses anonymous
     // namespace. The second argument specifies the search path for the anonymous
     // namespace which is the library_path of the classloader.
-    initialized_ = android_init_namespaces(public_libraries_.c_str(), library_path);
+    if (!is_native_bridge) {
+      initialized_ = android_init_namespaces(public_libraries_.c_str(), library_path);
+      if (!initialized_) {
+        *error_msg = dlerror();
+      }
+    } else {
+      initialized_ = NativeBridgeInitNamespace(public_libraries_.c_str(), library_path);
+      if (!initialized_) {
+        *error_msg = NativeBridgeGetError();
+      }
+    }
 
     return initialized_;
   }
@@ -236,22 +332,24 @@
     return env->CallObjectMethod(class_loader, get_parent);
   }
 
-  android_namespace_t* FindParentNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader) {
+  bool FindParentNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env,
+                                        jobject class_loader,
+                                        NativeLoaderNamespace* ns) {
     jobject parent_class_loader = GetParentClassLoader(env, class_loader);
 
     while (parent_class_loader != nullptr) {
-      android_namespace_t* ns = FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, parent_class_loader);
-      if (ns != nullptr) {
-        return ns;
+      if (FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, parent_class_loader, ns)) {
+        return true;
       }
 
       parent_class_loader = GetParentClassLoader(env, parent_class_loader);
     }
-    return nullptr;
+
+    return false;
   }
 
   bool initialized_;
-  std::vector<std::pair<jweak, android_namespace_t*>> namespaces_;
+  std::vector<std::pair<jweak, NativeLoaderNamespace>> namespaces_;
   std::string public_libraries_;
 
 
@@ -285,13 +383,18 @@
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
   UNUSED(target_sdk_version);
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_namespaces_mutex);
-  android_namespace_t* ns = g_namespaces->Create(env,
-                                                 class_loader,
-                                                 is_shared,
-                                                 library_path,
-                                                 permitted_path);
-  if (ns == nullptr) {
-    return env->NewStringUTF(dlerror());
+
+  std::string error_msg;
+  NativeLoaderNamespace ns;
+  bool success = g_namespaces->Create(env,
+                                      class_loader,
+                                      is_shared,
+                                      library_path,
+                                      permitted_path,
+                                      &ns,
+                                      &error_msg);
+  if (!success) {
+    return env->NewStringUTF(error_msg.c_str());
   }
 #else
   UNUSED(env, target_sdk_version, class_loader, is_shared,
@@ -304,44 +407,83 @@
                         int32_t target_sdk_version,
                         const char* path,
                         jobject class_loader,
-                        jstring library_path) {
+                        jstring library_path,
+                        bool* needs_native_bridge,
+                        std::string* error_msg) {
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
   UNUSED(target_sdk_version);
   if (class_loader == nullptr) {
+    *needs_native_bridge = false;
     return dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW);
   }
 
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_namespaces_mutex);
-  android_namespace_t* ns = g_namespaces->FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader);
+  NativeLoaderNamespace ns;
 
-  if (ns == nullptr) {
+  if (!g_namespaces->FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader, &ns)) {
     // This is the case where the classloader was not created by ApplicationLoaders
     // In this case we create an isolated not-shared namespace for it.
-    ns = g_namespaces->Create(env, class_loader, false, library_path, nullptr);
-    if (ns == nullptr) {
+    if (!g_namespaces->Create(env, class_loader, false, library_path, nullptr, &ns, error_msg)) {
       return nullptr;
     }
   }
 
-  android_dlextinfo extinfo;
-  extinfo.flags = ANDROID_DLEXT_USE_NAMESPACE;
-  extinfo.library_namespace = ns;
+  if (ns.is_android_namespace()) {
+    android_dlextinfo extinfo;
+    extinfo.flags = ANDROID_DLEXT_USE_NAMESPACE;
+    extinfo.library_namespace = ns.get_android_ns();
 
-  return android_dlopen_ext(path, RTLD_NOW, &extinfo);
+    void* handle = android_dlopen_ext(path, RTLD_NOW, &extinfo);
+    if (handle == nullptr) {
+      *error_msg = dlerror();
+    }
+    *needs_native_bridge = false;
+    return handle;
+  } else {
+    void* handle = NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt(path, RTLD_NOW, ns.get_native_bridge_ns());
+    if (handle == nullptr) {
+      *error_msg = NativeBridgeGetError();
+    }
+    *needs_native_bridge = true;
+    return handle;
+  }
 #else
   UNUSED(env, target_sdk_version, class_loader, library_path);
-  return dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW);
+  *needs_native_bridge = false;
+  void* handle = dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW);
+  if (handle == nullptr) {
+    if (NativeBridgeIsSupported(path)) {
+      *needs_native_bridge = true;
+      handle = NativeBridgeLoadLibrary(path, RTLD_NOW);
+      if (handle == nullptr) {
+        *error_msg = NativeBridgeGetError();
+      }
+    } else {
+      *needs_native_bridge = false;
+      *error_msg = dlerror();
+    }
+  }
+  return handle;
 #endif
 }
 
-bool CloseNativeLibrary(void* handle) {
-  return dlclose(handle) == 0;
+bool CloseNativeLibrary(void* handle, const bool needs_native_bridge) {
+    return needs_native_bridge ? NativeBridgeUnloadLibrary(handle) :
+                                 dlclose(handle);
 }
 
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
 android_namespace_t* FindNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader) {
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_namespaces_mutex);
-  return g_namespaces->FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader);
+  // native_bridge_namespaces are not supported for callers of this function.
+  // At the moment this is libwebviewchromium_loader and vulkan.
+  NativeLoaderNamespace ns;
+  if (g_namespaces->FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader, &ns)) {
+    CHECK(ns.is_android_namespace());
+    return ns.get_android_ns();
+  }
+
+  return nullptr;
 }
 #endif
 
diff --git a/logcat/logcat.cpp b/logcat/logcat.cpp
index d1a23ae..f08a6cd 100644
--- a/logcat/logcat.cpp
+++ b/logcat/logcat.cpp
@@ -25,15 +25,14 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
-#include <android/log.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <cutils/sched_policy.h>
 #include <cutils/sockets.h>
 #include <log/event_tag_map.h>
-#include <log/logger.h>
 #include <log/logprint.h>
+#include <private/android_logger.h>
 #include <system/thread_defs.h>
 
 #include <pcrecpp.h>
@@ -187,7 +186,9 @@
         goto error;
     }
 
-    if (android_log_shouldPrintLine(g_logformat, entry.tag, entry.priority)) {
+    if (android_log_shouldPrintLine(g_logformat,
+                                    std::string(entry.tag, entry.tagLen).c_str(),
+                                    entry.priority)) {
         bool match = regexOk(entry);
 
         g_printCount += match;
diff --git a/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp b/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp
index 66800b1..bc0ea52 100644
--- a/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp
+++ b/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp
@@ -26,9 +26,8 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 
-#include <android/log.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <log/logger.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
 
 #define BIG_BUFFER (5 * 1024)
 
@@ -79,6 +78,26 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(4, count);
 }
 
+TEST(logcat, event_tag_filter) {
+    FILE *fp;
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NULL != (fp = popen(
+      "logcat -b events -d -s auditd am_proc_start am_pss am_proc_bound dvm_lock_sample am_wtf 2>/dev/null",
+      "r")));
+
+    char buffer[BIG_BUFFER];
+
+    int count = 0;
+
+    while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fp)) {
+        ++count;
+    }
+
+    pclose(fp);
+
+    EXPECT_LT(4, count);
+}
+
 TEST(logcat, year) {
 
     if (android_log_clockid() == CLOCK_MONOTONIC) {
diff --git a/logd/FlushCommand.h b/logd/FlushCommand.h
index a6cdf9d..1e7818a 100644
--- a/logd/FlushCommand.h
+++ b/logd/FlushCommand.h
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 #ifndef _FLUSH_COMMAND_H
 #define _FLUSH_COMMAND_H
 
-#include <log/logger.h>
+#include <android/log.h>
 #include <sysutils/SocketClientCommand.h>
 
 class LogBufferElement;
diff --git a/logd/LogBuffer.cpp b/logd/LogBuffer.cpp
index aff8a46..a009433 100644
--- a/logd/LogBuffer.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogBuffer.cpp
@@ -13,11 +13,14 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+// for manual checking of stale entries during LogBuffer::erase()
+//#define DEBUG_CHECK_FOR_STALE_ENTRIES
 
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
 #include <sys/user.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -31,6 +34,10 @@
 #include "LogKlog.h"
 #include "LogReader.h"
 
+#ifndef __predict_false
+#define __predict_false(exp) __builtin_expect((exp) != 0, 0)
+#endif
+
 // Default
 #define log_buffer_size(id) mMaxSize[id]
 
@@ -234,9 +241,10 @@
         }
     }
 
-    if ((id != LOG_ID_EVENTS) && (id != LOG_ID_SECURITY)) {
+    {   // start of scope for pid found iterator
         // element->getUid() may not be AID_SYSTEM for next-best-watermark.
-        // start of scope for pid found iterator
+        // will not assume id != LOG_ID_EVENTS or LOG_ID_SECURITY for KISS and
+        // long term code stability, find() check should be fast for those ids.
         LogBufferPidIteratorMap::iterator found =
             mLastWorstPidOfSystem[id].find(element->getPid());
         if ((found != mLastWorstPidOfSystem[id].end())
@@ -250,18 +258,45 @@
     log_id_for_each(i) {
         doSetLast |= setLast[i] = mLastSet[i] && (it == mLast[i]);
     }
+#ifdef DEBUG_CHECK_FOR_STALE_ENTRIES
+    LogBufferElementCollection::iterator bad = it;
+    int key = ((id == LOG_ID_EVENTS) || (id == LOG_ID_SECURITY)) ?
+            element->getTag() : element->getUid();
+#endif
     it = mLogElements.erase(it);
     if (doSetLast) {
         log_id_for_each(i) {
             if (setLast[i]) {
-                if (it == mLogElements.end()) { // unlikely
+                if (__predict_false(it == mLogElements.end())) { // impossible
                     mLastSet[i] = false;
+                    mLast[i] = mLogElements.begin();
                 } else {
-                    mLast[i] = it;
+                    mLast[i] = it; // push down the road as next-best-watermark
                 }
             }
         }
     }
+#ifdef DEBUG_CHECK_FOR_STALE_ENTRIES
+    log_id_for_each(i) {
+        for(auto b : mLastWorst[i]) {
+            if (bad == b.second) {
+                android::prdebug("stale mLastWorst[%d] key=%d mykey=%d\n",
+                                 i, b.first, key);
+            }
+        }
+        for(auto b : mLastWorstPidOfSystem[i]) {
+            if (bad == b.second) {
+                android::prdebug("stale mLastWorstPidOfSystem[%d] pid=%d\n",
+                                 i, b.first);
+            }
+        }
+        if (mLastSet[i] && (bad == mLast[i])) {
+            android::prdebug("stale mLast[%d]\n", i);
+            mLastSet[i] = false;
+            mLast[i] = mLogElements.begin();
+        }
+    }
+#endif
     if (coalesce) {
         stats.erase(element);
     } else {
@@ -420,7 +455,7 @@
 
     LogBufferElementCollection::iterator it;
 
-    if (caller_uid != AID_ROOT) {
+    if (__predict_false(caller_uid != AID_ROOT)) { // unlikely
         // Only here if clear all request from non system source, so chatty
         // filter logistics is not required.
         it = mLastSet[id] ? mLast[id] : mLogElements.begin();
@@ -472,6 +507,7 @@
             if ((id == LOG_ID_EVENTS) || (id == LOG_ID_SECURITY)) {
                 stats.sortTags(AID_ROOT, (pid_t)0, 2, id).findWorst(
                     worst, worst_sizes, second_worst_sizes, threshold);
+                // per-pid filter for AID_SYSTEM sources is too complex
             } else {
                 stats.sort(AID_ROOT, (pid_t)0, 2, id).findWorst(
                     worst, worst_sizes, second_worst_sizes, threshold);
@@ -505,8 +541,9 @@
                     it = found->second;
                 }
             }
-            if (worstPid) { // Only set if !LOG_ID_EVENTS and !LOG_ID_SECURITY
-                // begin scope for pid worst found iterator
+            if (worstPid) { // begin scope for pid worst found iterator
+                // FYI: worstPid only set if !LOG_ID_EVENTS and
+                //      !LOG_ID_SECURITY, not going to make that assumption ...
                 LogBufferPidIteratorMap::iterator found
                     = mLastWorstPidOfSystem[id].find(worstPid);
                 if ((found != mLastWorstPidOfSystem[id].end())
@@ -596,7 +633,8 @@
                            || (mLastWorstPidOfSystem[id].find(element->getPid())
                                 == mLastWorstPidOfSystem[id].end()))) {
                     // element->getUid() may not be AID_SYSTEM, next best
-                    // watermark if current one empty.
+                    // watermark if current one empty. id is not LOG_ID_EVENTS
+                    // or LOG_ID_SECURITY because of worstPid check.
                     mLastWorstPidOfSystem[id][element->getPid()] = it;
                 }
                 if ((!gc && !worstPid && (key == worst))
@@ -640,7 +678,8 @@
                                 || (mLastWorstPidOfSystem[id].find(worstPid)
                                     == mLastWorstPidOfSystem[id].end()))) {
                         // element->getUid() may not be AID_SYSTEM, next best
-                        // watermark if current one empty.
+                        // watermark if current one empty. id is not
+                        // LOG_ID_EVENTS or LOG_ID_SECURITY because of worstPid.
                         mLastWorstPidOfSystem[id][worstPid] = it;
                     }
                     if ((!gc && !worstPid) ||
diff --git a/logd/LogBufferElement.cpp b/logd/LogBufferElement.cpp
index a939002..f5c60c7 100644
--- a/logd/LogBufferElement.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogBufferElement.cpp
@@ -36,29 +36,24 @@
 LogBufferElement::LogBufferElement(log_id_t log_id, log_time realtime,
                                    uid_t uid, pid_t pid, pid_t tid,
                                    const char *msg, unsigned short len) :
-        mLogId(log_id),
         mUid(uid),
         mPid(pid),
         mTid(tid),
-        mMsgLen(len),
         mSequence(sequence.fetch_add(1, memory_order_relaxed)),
-        mRealTime(realtime) {
+        mRealTime(realtime),
+        mMsgLen(len),
+        mLogId(log_id) {
     mMsg = new char[len];
     memcpy(mMsg, msg, len);
+    mTag = (isBinary() && (mMsgLen >= sizeof(uint32_t))) ?
+        le32toh(reinterpret_cast<android_event_header_t *>(mMsg)->tag) :
+        0;
 }
 
 LogBufferElement::~LogBufferElement() {
     delete [] mMsg;
 }
 
-uint32_t LogBufferElement::getTag() const {
-    if (((mLogId != LOG_ID_EVENTS) && (mLogId != LOG_ID_SECURITY)) ||
-            !mMsg || (mMsgLen < sizeof(uint32_t))) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-    return le32toh(reinterpret_cast<android_event_header_t *>(mMsg)->tag);
-}
-
 // caller must own and free character string
 char *android::tidToName(pid_t tid) {
     char *retval = NULL;
@@ -164,7 +159,7 @@
     size_t hdrLen;
     // LOG_ID_SECURITY not strictly needed since spam filter not activated,
     // but required for accuracy.
-    if ((mLogId == LOG_ID_EVENTS) || (mLogId == LOG_ID_SECURITY)) {
+    if (isBinary()) {
         hdrLen = sizeof(android_log_event_string_t);
     } else {
         hdrLen = 1 + sizeof(tag);
@@ -178,7 +173,7 @@
     }
 
     size_t retval = hdrLen + len;
-    if ((mLogId == LOG_ID_EVENTS) || (mLogId == LOG_ID_SECURITY)) {
+    if (isBinary()) {
         android_log_event_string_t *event =
             reinterpret_cast<android_log_event_string_t *>(buffer);
 
diff --git a/logd/LogBufferElement.h b/logd/LogBufferElement.h
index f089550..fb7fbed 100644
--- a/logd/LogBufferElement.h
+++ b/logd/LogBufferElement.h
@@ -21,9 +21,8 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
-#include <android/log.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
 #include <sysutils/SocketClient.h>
-#include <log/logger.h>
 
 class LogBuffer;
 
@@ -37,33 +36,40 @@
 
     friend LogBuffer;
 
-    const log_id_t mLogId;
-    const uid_t mUid;
-    const pid_t mPid;
-    const pid_t mTid;
-    char *mMsg;
-    union {
-        const unsigned short mMsgLen; // mMSg != NULL
-        unsigned short mDropped;      // mMsg == NULL
-    };
+    // sized to match reality of incoming log packets
+    uint32_t mTag; // only valid for isBinary()
+    const uint32_t mUid;
+    const uint32_t mPid;
+    const uint32_t mTid;
     const uint64_t mSequence;
     log_time mRealTime;
+    char *mMsg;
+    union {
+        const uint16_t mMsgLen; // mMSg != NULL
+        uint16_t mDropped;      // mMsg == NULL
+    };
+    const uint8_t mLogId;
+
     static atomic_int_fast64_t sequence;
 
     // assumption: mMsg == NULL
     size_t populateDroppedMessage(char *&buffer,
                                   LogBuffer *parent);
-
 public:
     LogBufferElement(log_id_t log_id, log_time realtime,
                      uid_t uid, pid_t pid, pid_t tid,
                      const char *msg, unsigned short len);
     virtual ~LogBufferElement();
 
-    log_id_t getLogId() const { return mLogId; }
+    bool isBinary(void) const {
+        return (mLogId == LOG_ID_EVENTS) || (mLogId == LOG_ID_SECURITY);
+    }
+
+    log_id_t getLogId() const { return static_cast<log_id_t>(mLogId); }
     uid_t getUid(void) const { return mUid; }
     pid_t getPid(void) const { return mPid; }
     pid_t getTid(void) const { return mTid; }
+    uint32_t getTag() const { return mTag; }
     unsigned short getDropped(void) const { return mMsg ? 0 : mDropped; }
     unsigned short setDropped(unsigned short value) {
         if (mMsg) {
@@ -77,8 +83,6 @@
     static uint64_t getCurrentSequence(void) { return sequence.load(memory_order_relaxed); }
     log_time getRealTime(void) const { return mRealTime; }
 
-    uint32_t getTag(void) const;
-
     static const uint64_t FLUSH_ERROR;
     uint64_t flushTo(SocketClient *writer, LogBuffer *parent, bool privileged);
 };
diff --git a/logd/LogKlog.cpp b/logd/LogKlog.cpp
index ef6c1ae..fe08846 100644
--- a/logd/LogKlog.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogKlog.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #include <sys/uio.h>
 #include <syslog.h>
 
-#include <log/logger.h>
+#include <private/android_logger.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
 #include "LogBuffer.h"
diff --git a/logd/LogKlog.h b/logd/LogKlog.h
index 6e150e7..d812436 100644
--- a/logd/LogKlog.h
+++ b/logd/LogKlog.h
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef _LOGD_LOG_KLOG_H__
 #define _LOGD_LOG_KLOG_H__
 
-#include <log/logger.h>
+#include <private/android_logger.h>
 #include <sysutils/SocketListener.h>
 
 char *log_strntok_r(char *s, size_t *len, char **saveptr, size_t *sublen);
diff --git a/logd/LogReader.cpp b/logd/LogReader.cpp
index 2c07984..61d4c49 100644
--- a/logd/LogReader.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogReader.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <cutils/sockets.h>
+#include <private/android_logger.h>
 
 #include "FlushCommand.h"
 #include "LogBuffer.h"
diff --git a/logd/LogStatistics.cpp b/logd/LogStatistics.cpp
index f69bc50..d68bfee 100644
--- a/logd/LogStatistics.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogStatistics.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 
 #include <list>
 
-#include <log/logger.h>
+#include <android/log.h>
 
 #include "LogStatistics.h"
 
diff --git a/logd/LogTimes.h b/logd/LogTimes.h
index 8401953..12df994 100644
--- a/logd/LogTimes.h
+++ b/logd/LogTimes.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 
 #include <list>
 
-#include <android/log.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
 #include <sysutils/SocketClient.h>
 
 class LogReader;
diff --git a/logd/LogUtils.h b/logd/LogUtils.h
index d6b3dc6..44ac742 100644
--- a/logd/LogUtils.h
+++ b/logd/LogUtils.h
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <private/android_logger.h>
 #include <sysutils/SocketClient.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
 
 // Hijack this header as a common include file used by most all sources
 // to report some utilities defined here and there.
diff --git a/logd/tests/logd_test.cpp b/logd/tests/logd_test.cpp
index cac8bce..e0a4cc3 100644
--- a/logd/tests/logd_test.cpp
+++ b/logd/tests/logd_test.cpp
@@ -23,11 +23,10 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
-#include <android/log.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <cutils/sockets.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <log/logger.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
 
 #include "../LogReader.h" // pickup LOGD_SNDTIMEO