diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/Android.bp
index 40dcc2a..2368f8f 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/Android.bp
@@ -219,6 +219,7 @@
         "libsnapshot_cow_defaults",
     ],
     srcs: [
+        "testing/dm_user_harness.cpp",
         "user-space-merge/snapuserd_test.cpp",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/testing/dm_user_harness.cpp b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/testing/dm_user_harness.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cadf25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/testing/dm_user_harness.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "dm_user_harness.h"
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <fs_mgr/file_wait.h>
+#include <libdm/dm.h>
+#include <snapuserd/dm_user_block_server.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace snapshot {
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
+DmUserDevice::DmUserDevice(std::unique_ptr<Tempdevice>&& dev) : dev_(std::move(dev)) {}
+
+const std::string& DmUserDevice::GetPath() {
+    return dev_->path();
+}
+
+bool DmUserDevice::Destroy() {
+    return dev_->Destroy();
+}
+
+DmUserTestHarness::DmUserTestHarness() {
+    block_server_factory_ = std::make_unique<DmUserBlockServerFactory>();
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<IUserDevice> DmUserTestHarness::CreateUserDevice(const std::string& dev_name,
+                                                                 const std::string& misc_name,
+                                                                 uint64_t num_sectors) {
+    android::dm::DmTable dmuser_table;
+    dmuser_table.Emplace<android::dm::DmTargetUser>(0, num_sectors, misc_name);
+    auto dev = std::make_unique<Tempdevice>(dev_name, dmuser_table);
+    if (!dev->valid()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    auto misc_device = "/dev/dm-user/" + misc_name;
+    if (!android::fs_mgr::WaitForFile(misc_device, 10s)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return std::make_unique<DmUserDevice>(std::move(dev));
+}
+
+IBlockServerFactory* DmUserTestHarness::GetBlockServerFactory() {
+    return block_server_factory_.get();
+}
+
+}  // namespace snapshot
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/testing/dm_user_harness.h b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/testing/dm_user_harness.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf26bed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/testing/dm_user_harness.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+#include "harness.h"
+#include "temp_device.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace snapshot {
+
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
+class DmUserBlockServerFactory;
+
+class DmUserDevice final : public IUserDevice {
+  public:
+    explicit DmUserDevice(std::unique_ptr<Tempdevice>&& dev);
+    const std::string& GetPath() override;
+    bool Destroy() override;
+
+  private:
+    std::unique_ptr<Tempdevice> dev_;
+};
+
+class DmUserTestHarness final : public ITestHarness {
+  public:
+    DmUserTestHarness();
+
+    std::unique_ptr<IUserDevice> CreateUserDevice(const std::string& dev_name,
+                                                  const std::string& misc_name,
+                                                  uint64_t num_sectors) override;
+    IBlockServerFactory* GetBlockServerFactory() override;
+    bool HasUserDevice() override { return true; }
+
+  private:
+    std::unique_ptr<DmUserBlockServerFactory> block_server_factory_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace snapshot
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/testing/harness.h b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/testing/harness.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0d528f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/testing/harness.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2023 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <snapuserd/block_server.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace snapshot {
+
+// Interface for a "block driver in userspace" device.
+class IUserDevice {
+  public:
+    virtual ~IUserDevice() {}
+    virtual const std::string& GetPath() = 0;
+    virtual bool Destroy() = 0;
+};
+
+class ITestHarness {
+  public:
+    virtual ~ITestHarness() {}
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<IUserDevice> CreateUserDevice(const std::string& dev_name,
+                                                          const std::string& misc_name,
+                                                          uint64_t num_sectors) = 0;
+    virtual IBlockServerFactory* GetBlockServerFactory() = 0;
+    virtual bool HasUserDevice() = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace snapshot
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/user-space-merge/snapuserd_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/user-space-merge/snapuserd_test.cpp
index 157925d..4ea1d5d 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/user-space-merge/snapuserd_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/user-space-merge/snapuserd_test.cpp
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include <storage_literals/storage_literals.h>
 #include "handler_manager.h"
 #include "snapuserd_core.h"
+#include "testing/dm_user_harness.h"
 #include "testing/temp_device.h"
 
 DEFINE_string(force_config, "", "Force testing mode with iouring disabled");
@@ -75,10 +76,9 @@
     static const uint64_t kSectorSize = 512;
 
   protected:
-    void SetUp() override {}
+    void SetUp() override;
     void TearDown() override { Shutdown(); }
 
-  private:
     void SetupImpl();
 
     void SimulateDaemonRestart();
@@ -94,10 +94,10 @@
     void InitCowDevice();
     void SetDeviceControlName();
     void InitDaemon();
-    void CreateDmUserDevice();
+    void CreateUserDevice();
 
     unique_ptr<LoopDevice> base_loop_;
-    unique_ptr<Tempdevice> dmuser_dev_;
+    unique_ptr<IUserDevice> dmuser_dev_;
 
     std::string system_device_ctrl_name_;
     std::string system_device_name_;
@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@
     size_t size_ = 100_MiB;
     int cow_num_sectors_;
     int total_base_size_;
+    std::unique_ptr<ITestHarness> harness_;
 };
 
 static unique_fd CreateTempFile(const std::string& name, size_t size) {
@@ -132,6 +133,10 @@
     return fd;
 }
 
+void SnapuserdTest::SetUp() {
+    harness_ = std::make_unique<DmUserTestHarness>();
+}
+
 void SnapuserdTest::Shutdown() {
     ASSERT_TRUE(dmuser_dev_->Destroy());
 
@@ -173,7 +178,7 @@
 bool SnapuserdTest::SetupDaemon() {
     SetDeviceControlName();
 
-    CreateDmUserDevice();
+    CreateUserDevice();
     InitCowDevice();
     InitDaemon();
 
@@ -206,7 +211,7 @@
 }
 
 void SnapuserdTest::ReadSnapshotDeviceAndValidate() {
-    unique_fd fd(open(dmuser_dev_->path().c_str(), O_RDONLY));
+    unique_fd fd(open(dmuser_dev_->GetPath().c_str(), O_RDONLY));
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
     std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> snapuserd_buffer = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(size_);
 
@@ -535,9 +540,8 @@
         use_iouring = false;
     }
 
-    DmUserBlockServerFactory factory;
-
-    auto opener = factory.CreateOpener(system_device_ctrl_name_);
+    auto factory = harness_->GetBlockServerFactory();
+    auto opener = factory->CreateOpener(system_device_ctrl_name_);
     auto handler =
             handlers_.AddHandler(system_device_ctrl_name_, cow_system_->path, base_loop_->device(),
                                  base_loop_->device(), opener, 1, use_iouring, false);
@@ -560,7 +564,7 @@
     system_device_ctrl_name_ = system_device_name_ + "-ctrl";
 }
 
-void SnapuserdTest::CreateDmUserDevice() {
+void SnapuserdTest::CreateUserDevice() {
     unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(base_loop_->device().c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
     ASSERT_TRUE(fd > 0);
 
@@ -569,17 +573,9 @@
 
     cow_num_sectors_ = dev_sz >> 9;
 
-    DmTable dmuser_table;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(dmuser_table.AddTarget(
-            std::make_unique<DmTargetUser>(0, cow_num_sectors_, system_device_ctrl_name_)));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(dmuser_table.valid());
-
-    dmuser_dev_ = std::make_unique<Tempdevice>(system_device_name_, dmuser_table);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(dmuser_dev_->valid());
-    ASSERT_FALSE(dmuser_dev_->path().empty());
-
-    auto misc_device = "/dev/dm-user/" + system_device_ctrl_name_;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(android::fs_mgr::WaitForFile(misc_device, 10s));
+    dmuser_dev_ = harness_->CreateUserDevice(system_device_name_, system_device_ctrl_name_,
+                                             cow_num_sectors_);
+    ASSERT_NE(dmuser_dev_, nullptr);
 }
 
 void SnapuserdTest::InitDaemon() {
@@ -603,7 +599,7 @@
 
     SetDeviceControlName();
 
-    CreateDmUserDevice();
+    CreateUserDevice();
     InitCowDevice();
     InitDaemon();
 
@@ -632,7 +628,7 @@
     Shutdown();
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(500ms);
     SetDeviceControlName();
-    CreateDmUserDevice();
+    CreateUserDevice();
     InitCowDevice();
     InitDaemon();
 }
@@ -695,6 +691,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(SnapuserdTest, Snapshot_IO_TEST) {
+    if (!harness_->HasUserDevice()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping snapshot read; not supported";
+    }
     ASSERT_TRUE(SetupDefault());
     // I/O before merge
     ReadSnapshotDeviceAndValidate();
@@ -707,6 +706,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(SnapuserdTest, Snapshot_MERGE_IO_TEST) {
+    if (!harness_->HasUserDevice()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping snapshot read; not supported";
+    }
     ASSERT_TRUE(SetupDefault());
     // Issue I/O before merge begins
     std::async(std::launch::async, &SnapuserdTest::ReadSnapshotDeviceAndValidate, this);
@@ -717,6 +719,9 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(SnapuserdTest, Snapshot_MERGE_IO_TEST_1) {
+    if (!harness_->HasUserDevice()) {
+        GTEST_SKIP() << "Skipping snapshot read; not supported";
+    }
     ASSERT_TRUE(SetupDefault());
     // Start the merge
     StartMerge();