diff --git a/init/action.cpp b/init/action.cpp
index ed88f6d..a12f225 100644
--- a/init/action.cpp
+++ b/init/action.cpp
@@ -118,14 +118,16 @@
     Timer t;
     int result = command.InvokeFunc();
 
-    // TODO: this should probably be changed to "if (failed || took a long time)"...
-    if (android::base::GetMinimumLogSeverity() <= android::base::DEBUG) {
+    double duration_ms = t.duration() * 1000;
+    // Any action longer than 50ms will be warned to user as slow operation
+    if (duration_ms > 50.0 ||
+        android::base::GetMinimumLogSeverity() <= android::base::DEBUG) {
         std::string trigger_name = BuildTriggersString();
         std::string cmd_str = command.BuildCommandString();
         std::string source = command.BuildSourceString();
 
         LOG(INFO) << "Command '" << cmd_str << "' action=" << trigger_name << source
-                  << " returned " << result << " took " << t.duration() << "s";
+                  << " returned " << result << " took " << duration_ms << "ms.";
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/init/util.cpp b/init/util.cpp
index ab6837d..ff46e4f 100644
--- a/init/util.cpp
+++ b/init/util.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 /* for ANDROID_SOCKET_* */
 #include <cutils/sockets.h>
 
@@ -89,10 +90,6 @@
 int create_socket(const char *name, int type, mode_t perm, uid_t uid,
                   gid_t gid, const char *socketcon)
 {
-    struct sockaddr_un addr;
-    int fd, ret, savederrno;
-    char *filecon;
-
     if (socketcon) {
         if (setsockcreatecon(socketcon) == -1) {
             PLOG(ERROR) << "setsockcreatecon(\"" << socketcon << "\") failed";
@@ -100,52 +97,49 @@
         }
     }
 
-    fd = socket(PF_UNIX, type, 0);
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(socket(PF_UNIX, type, 0));
     if (fd < 0) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open socket '" << name << "'";
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (socketcon)
-        setsockcreatecon(NULL);
+    if (socketcon) setsockcreatecon(NULL);
 
+    struct sockaddr_un addr;
     memset(&addr, 0 , sizeof(addr));
     addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
     snprintf(addr.sun_path, sizeof(addr.sun_path), ANDROID_SOCKET_DIR"/%s",
              name);
 
-    ret = unlink(addr.sun_path);
-    if (ret != 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
+    if ((unlink(addr.sun_path) != 0) && (errno != ENOENT)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to unlink old socket '" << name << "'";
-        goto out_close;
+        return -1;
     }
 
-    filecon = NULL;
+    char *filecon = NULL;
     if (sehandle) {
-        ret = selabel_lookup(sehandle, &filecon, addr.sun_path, S_IFSOCK);
-        if (ret == 0)
+        if (selabel_lookup(sehandle, &filecon, addr.sun_path, S_IFSOCK) == 0) {
             setfscreatecon(filecon);
+        }
     }
 
-    ret = bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof (addr));
-    savederrno = errno;
+    int ret = bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof (addr));
+    int savederrno = errno;
 
     setfscreatecon(NULL);
     freecon(filecon);
 
     if (ret) {
-      errno = savederrno;
+        errno = savederrno;
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to bind socket '" << name << "'";
         goto out_unlink;
     }
 
-    ret = lchown(addr.sun_path, uid, gid);
-    if (ret) {
+    if (lchown(addr.sun_path, uid, gid)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to lchown socket '" << addr.sun_path << "'";
         goto out_unlink;
     }
-    ret = fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, addr.sun_path, perm, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
-    if (ret) {
+    if (fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, addr.sun_path, perm, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to fchmodat socket '" << addr.sun_path << "'";
         goto out_unlink;
     }
@@ -155,12 +149,10 @@
               << ", user " << uid
               << ", group " << gid;
 
-    return fd;
+    return fd.release();
 
 out_unlink:
     unlink(addr.sun_path);
-out_close:
-    close(fd);
     return -1;
 }
 
@@ -173,7 +165,6 @@
                   gid_t gid, const char *filecon)
 {
     char *secontext = NULL;
-    int ret;
 
     if (filecon) {
         if (setsockcreatecon(filecon) == -1) {
@@ -181,18 +172,17 @@
             return -1;
         }
     } else if (sehandle) {
-        ret = selabel_lookup(sehandle, &secontext, path, perm);
-        if (ret != -1) {
-            ret = setfscreatecon(secontext);
-            if (ret == -1) {
-                freecon(secontext);
+        if (selabel_lookup(sehandle, &secontext, path, perm) != -1) {
+            if (setfscreatecon(secontext) == -1) {
+                freecon(secontext); // does not upset errno value
                 PLOG(ERROR) << "setfscreatecon(\"" << secontext << "\") failed";
                 return -1;
             }
         }
     }
 
-    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, flags | O_NDELAY, perm));
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, flags | O_NDELAY, perm)));
+    int savederrno = errno;
 
     if (filecon) {
         setsockcreatecon(NULL);
@@ -202,23 +192,22 @@
         freecon(secontext);
     }
 
-    if (fd == -1) {
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        errno = savederrno;
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open/create file '" << path << "'";
-        goto out_close;
+        return -1;
     }
 
     if (!(flags & O_NDELAY)) fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, flags);
 
-    ret = lchown(path, uid, gid);
-    if (ret) {
+    if (lchown(path, uid, gid)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to lchown file '" << path << "'";
-        goto out_close;
+        return -1;
     }
     if (perm != static_cast<mode_t>(-1)) {
-        ret = fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, path, perm, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
-        if (ret) {
+        if (fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, path, perm, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)) {
             PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to fchmodat file '" << path << "'";
-            goto out_close;
+            return -1;
         }
     }
 
@@ -227,11 +216,7 @@
               << ", user " << uid
               << ", group " << gid;
 
-    return fd;
-
-out_close:
-    if (fd >= 0) close(fd);
-    return -1;
+    return fd.release();
 }
 
 bool read_file(const char* path, std::string* content) {
diff --git a/liblog/logger_write.c b/liblog/logger_write.c
index c481e36..157bd88 100644
--- a/liblog/logger_write.c
+++ b/liblog/logger_write.c
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
     __android_log_unlock();
 
 #if defined(__BIONIC__)
-    android_closeEventTagMap(m);
+    if (m != (EventTagMap *)(uintptr_t)-1LL) android_closeEventTagMap(m);
 #endif
 
 }
diff --git a/rootdir/init.rc b/rootdir/init.rc
index 4c49791..4e766bb 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.rc
+++ b/rootdir/init.rc
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@
 
 on nonencrypted
     # A/B update verifier that marks a successful boot.
-    exec - root -- /system/bin/update_verifier nonencrypted
+    exec - root cache -- /system/bin/update_verifier nonencrypted
     class_start main
     class_start late_start
 
@@ -589,12 +589,12 @@
 
 on property:vold.decrypt=trigger_restart_min_framework
     # A/B update verifier that marks a successful boot.
-    exec - root -- /system/bin/update_verifier trigger_restart_min_framework
+    exec - root cache -- /system/bin/update_verifier trigger_restart_min_framework
     class_start main
 
 on property:vold.decrypt=trigger_restart_framework
     # A/B update verifier that marks a successful boot.
-    exec - root -- /system/bin/update_verifier trigger_restart_framework
+    exec - root cache -- /system/bin/update_verifier trigger_restart_framework
     class_start main
     class_start late_start