snapuserd: Add support for Xor ops in snapuserd

This adds the ability to read the blocks corresponding to xor operations
from snapuserd. Xor Operations should be treated the same as copy
operations during the merge, but before their data is written to disk,
it must be xor'ed against the operation's data. For the purposes of
readahead, this acts as a copy op. Post readahead, it acts more like a
replace op.

Change-Id: I7d74bbdd43bfc5277ef4c8aade57dd375be9180a
Bug: 177104308
Test: vts_libsnapshot_test and cow_snapuserd_test
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot_reader.cpp b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot_reader.cpp
index 5ee8e25..6546c2a 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot_reader.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot_reader.cpp
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@
 
   private:
     size_t ignore_start_;
-    char discard_[4096];
+    char discard_[BLOCK_SZ];
 };
 
 ssize_t CompressedSnapshotReader::ReadBlock(uint64_t chunk, IByteSink* sink, size_t start_offset,
@@ -277,6 +277,29 @@
             errno = EIO;
             return -1;
         }
+    } else if (op->type == kCowXorOp) {
+        borrowed_fd fd = GetSourceFd();
+        if (fd < 0) {
+            // GetSourceFd sets errno.
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        off64_t offset = op->source + start_offset;
+        char data[BLOCK_SZ];
+        if (!android::base::ReadFullyAtOffset(fd, &data, bytes_to_read, offset)) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "read " << *source_device_;
+            // ReadFullyAtOffset sets errno.
+            return -1;
+        }
+        PartialSink partial_sink(buffer, bytes_to_read, start_offset);
+        if (!cow_->ReadData(*op, &partial_sink)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "CompressedSnapshotReader failed to read xor op";
+            errno = EIO;
+            return -1;
+        }
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes_to_read; i++) {
+            ((char*)buffer)[i] ^= data[i];
+        }
     } else {
         LOG(ERROR) << "CompressedSnapshotReader unknown op type: " << uint32_t(op->type);
         errno = EINVAL;
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot_reader_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot_reader_test.cpp
index 9373059..078f16e 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot_reader_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot_reader_test.cpp
@@ -63,7 +63,9 @@
 
     void WriteCow(ISnapshotWriter* writer) {
         std::string new_block = MakeNewBlockString();
+        std::string xor_block = MakeXorBlockString();
 
+        ASSERT_TRUE(writer->AddXorBlocks(1, xor_block.data(), xor_block.size(), 0, kBlockSize / 2));
         ASSERT_TRUE(writer->AddCopy(3, 0));
         ASSERT_TRUE(writer->AddRawBlocks(5, new_block.data(), new_block.size()));
         ASSERT_TRUE(writer->AddZeroBlocks(7, 2));
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@
         ASSERT_NE(reader, nullptr);
 
         // Test that unchanged blocks are not modified.
-        std::unordered_set<size_t> changed_blocks = {3, 5, 7, 8};
+        std::unordered_set<size_t> changed_blocks = {1, 3, 5, 7, 8};
         for (size_t i = 0; i < kBlockCount; i++) {
             if (changed_blocks.count(i)) {
                 continue;
@@ -88,6 +90,17 @@
         }
 
         // Test that we can read back our modified blocks.
+        std::string data(kBlockSize, 0);
+        std::string offsetblock = base_blocks_[0].substr(kBlockSize / 2, kBlockSize / 2) +
+                                  base_blocks_[1].substr(0, kBlockSize / 2);
+        ASSERT_EQ(offsetblock.size(), kBlockSize);
+        ASSERT_EQ(reader->Seek(1 * kBlockSize, SEEK_SET), 1 * kBlockSize);
+        ASSERT_EQ(reader->Read(data.data(), data.size()), kBlockSize);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+            data[i] = (char)~(data[i]);
+        }
+        ASSERT_EQ(data, offsetblock);
+
         std::string block(kBlockSize, 0);
         ASSERT_EQ(reader->Seek(3 * kBlockSize, SEEK_SET), 3 * kBlockSize);
         ASSERT_EQ(reader->Read(block.data(), block.size()), kBlockSize);
@@ -141,6 +154,12 @@
         return new_block;
     }
 
+    std::string MakeXorBlockString() {
+        std::string data(100, -1);
+        data.resize(kBlockSize, 0);
+        return data;
+    }
+
     std::unique_ptr<TemporaryFile> base_;
     std::unique_ptr<TemporaryFile> cow_;
     std::vector<std::string> base_blocks_;
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/cow_snapuserd_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/cow_snapuserd_test.cpp
index c663d86..f4aef44 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/cow_snapuserd_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/cow_snapuserd_test.cpp
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@
 void CowSnapuserdTest::CreateBaseDevice() {
     unique_fd rnd_fd;
 
-    total_base_size_ = (size_ * 4);
+    total_base_size_ = (size_ * 5);
     base_fd_ = CreateTempFile("base_device", total_base_size_);
     ASSERT_GE(base_fd_, 0);
 
@@ -304,6 +304,11 @@
     offset += size_;
     ASSERT_EQ(ReadFullyAtOffset(snapshot_fd, snapuserd_buffer.get(), size_, offset), true);
     ASSERT_EQ(memcmp(snapuserd_buffer.get(), (char*)orig_buffer_.get() + (size_ * 3), size_), 0);
+
+    // XOR
+    offset += size_;
+    ASSERT_EQ(ReadFullyAtOffset(snapshot_fd, snapuserd_buffer.get(), size_, offset), true);
+    ASSERT_EQ(memcmp(snapuserd_buffer.get(), (char*)orig_buffer_.get() + (size_ * 4), size_), 0);
 }
 
 void CowSnapuserdTest::CreateCowDeviceWithCopyOverlap_2() {
@@ -428,9 +433,10 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(writer.Initialize(cow_system_->fd));
 
     size_t num_blocks = size_ / options.block_size;
-    size_t blk_end_copy = num_blocks * 2;
+    size_t blk_end_copy = num_blocks * 3;
     size_t source_blk = num_blocks - 1;
     size_t blk_src_copy = blk_end_copy - 1;
+    uint16_t xor_offset = 5;
 
     size_t x = num_blocks;
     while (1) {
@@ -443,6 +449,11 @@
         blk_src_copy -= 1;
     }
 
+    for (size_t i = num_blocks; i > 0; i--) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(writer.AddXorBlocks(num_blocks + i - 1,
+                                        &random_buffer_1_.get()[options.block_size * (i - 1)],
+                                        options.block_size, 2 * num_blocks + i - 1, xor_offset));
+    }
     // Flush operations
     ASSERT_TRUE(writer.Finalize());
     // Construct the buffer required for validation
@@ -451,7 +462,11 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(android::base::ReadFullyAtOffset(base_fd_, orig_buffer_.get(), total_base_size_, 0),
               true);
     // Merged Buffer
-    memmove(orig_buffer_.get(), (char*)orig_buffer_.get() + size_, size_);
+    memmove(orig_buffer_.get(), (char*)orig_buffer_.get() + 2 * size_, size_);
+    memmove(orig_buffer_.get() + size_, (char*)orig_buffer_.get() + 2 * size_ + xor_offset, size_);
+    for (int i = 0; i < size_; i++) {
+        orig_buffer_.get()[size_ + i] ^= random_buffer_1_.get()[i];
+    }
 }
 
 void CowSnapuserdTest::CreateCowDeviceOrderedOps() {
@@ -473,6 +488,7 @@
 
         offset += 1_MiB;
     }
+    memset(random_buffer_1_.get(), 0, size_);
 
     CowOptions options;
     options.compression = "gz";
@@ -483,7 +499,8 @@
     size_t num_blocks = size_ / options.block_size;
     size_t x = num_blocks;
     size_t source_blk = 0;
-    size_t blk_src_copy = num_blocks;
+    size_t blk_src_copy = 2 * num_blocks;
+    uint16_t xor_offset = 5;
 
     while (1) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(writer.AddCopy(source_blk, blk_src_copy));
@@ -496,6 +513,8 @@
         blk_src_copy += 1;
     }
 
+    ASSERT_TRUE(writer.AddXorBlocks(num_blocks, random_buffer_1_.get(), size_, 2 * num_blocks,
+                                    xor_offset));
     // Flush operations
     ASSERT_TRUE(writer.Finalize());
     // Construct the buffer required for validation
@@ -504,7 +523,11 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(android::base::ReadFullyAtOffset(base_fd_, orig_buffer_.get(), total_base_size_, 0),
               true);
     // Merged Buffer
-    memmove(orig_buffer_.get(), (char*)orig_buffer_.get() + size_, size_);
+    memmove(orig_buffer_.get(), (char*)orig_buffer_.get() + 2 * size_, size_);
+    memmove(orig_buffer_.get() + size_, (char*)orig_buffer_.get() + 2 * size_ + xor_offset, size_);
+    for (int i = 0; i < size_; i++) {
+        orig_buffer_.get()[size_ + i] ^= random_buffer_1_.get()[i];
+    }
 }
 
 void CowSnapuserdTest::CreateCowDevice() {
@@ -538,6 +561,17 @@
     size_t source_blk = num_blocks - 1;
     size_t blk_src_copy = blk_end_copy - 1;
 
+    uint32_t sequence[num_blocks * 2];
+    // Sequence for Copy ops
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
+        sequence[i] = num_blocks - 1 - i;
+    }
+    // Sequence for Xor ops
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_blocks; i++) {
+        sequence[num_blocks + i] = 5 * num_blocks - 1 - i;
+    }
+    ASSERT_TRUE(writer.AddSequenceData(2 * num_blocks, sequence));
+
     size_t x = num_blocks;
     while (1) {
         ASSERT_TRUE(writer.AddCopy(source_blk, blk_src_copy));
@@ -563,6 +597,11 @@
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(writer.AddRawBlocks(blk_random2_replace_start, random_buffer_1_.get(), size_));
 
+    size_t blk_xor_start = blk_random2_replace_start + num_blocks;
+    size_t xor_offset = BLOCK_SZ / 2;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(writer.AddXorBlocks(blk_xor_start, random_buffer_1_.get(), size_, num_blocks,
+                                    xor_offset));
+
     // Flush operations
     ASSERT_TRUE(writer.Finalize());
     // Construct the buffer required for validation
@@ -572,6 +611,13 @@
     memcpy((char*)orig_buffer_.get() + size_, random_buffer_1_.get(), size_);
     memcpy((char*)orig_buffer_.get() + (size_ * 2), (void*)zero_buffer.c_str(), size_);
     memcpy((char*)orig_buffer_.get() + (size_ * 3), random_buffer_1_.get(), size_);
+    ASSERT_EQ(android::base::ReadFullyAtOffset(base_fd_, &orig_buffer_.get()[size_ * 4], size_,
+                                               size_ + xor_offset),
+              true);
+    for (int i = 0; i < size_; i++) {
+        orig_buffer_.get()[(size_ * 4) + i] =
+                (uint8_t)(orig_buffer_.get()[(size_ * 4) + i] ^ random_buffer_1_.get()[i]);
+    }
 }
 
 void CowSnapuserdTest::InitCowDevice() {
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/snapuserd.cpp b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/snapuserd.cpp
index e0675b4..0aacab2 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/snapuserd.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/snapuserd.cpp
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@
     CowHeader header;
     CowOptions options;
     bool metadata_found = false;
-    int replace_ops = 0, zero_ops = 0, copy_ops = 0;
+    int replace_ops = 0, zero_ops = 0, copy_ops = 0, xor_ops = 0;
 
     SNAP_LOG(DEBUG) << "ReadMetadata: Parsing cow file";
 
@@ -443,12 +443,12 @@
     std::vector<const CowOperation*> vec;
     std::set<uint64_t> dest_blocks;
     std::set<uint64_t> source_blocks;
-    size_t pending_copy_ops = exceptions_per_area_ - num_ops;
-    uint64_t total_copy_ops = reader_->get_num_ordered_ops_to_merge();
+    size_t pending_ordered_ops = exceptions_per_area_ - num_ops;
+    uint64_t total_ordered_ops = reader_->get_num_ordered_ops_to_merge();
 
     SNAP_LOG(DEBUG) << " Processing copy-ops at Area: " << vec_.size()
                     << " Number of replace/zero ops completed in this area: " << num_ops
-                    << " Pending copy ops for this area: " << pending_copy_ops;
+                    << " Pending copy ops for this area: " << pending_ordered_ops;
 
     while (!cowop_rm_iter->Done()) {
         do {
@@ -501,24 +501,34 @@
             // the merge of operations are done based on the ops present
             // in the file.
             //===========================================================
+            uint64_t block_source = cow_op->source;
+            uint64_t block_offset = 0;
+            if (cow_op->type == kCowXorOp) {
+                block_source /= BLOCK_SZ;
+                block_offset = cow_op->source % BLOCK_SZ;
+            }
             if (prev_id.has_value()) {
-                if (dest_blocks.count(cow_op->new_block) || source_blocks.count(cow_op->source)) {
+                if (dest_blocks.count(cow_op->new_block) || source_blocks.count(block_source) ||
+                    (block_offset > 0 && source_blocks.count(block_source + 1))) {
                     break;
                 }
             }
             metadata_found = true;
-            pending_copy_ops -= 1;
+            pending_ordered_ops -= 1;
             vec.push_back(cow_op);
-            dest_blocks.insert(cow_op->source);
+            dest_blocks.insert(block_source);
+            if (block_offset > 0) {
+                dest_blocks.insert(block_source + 1);
+            }
             source_blocks.insert(cow_op->new_block);
             prev_id = cow_op->new_block;
             cowop_rm_iter->Next();
-        } while (!cowop_rm_iter->Done() && pending_copy_ops);
+        } while (!cowop_rm_iter->Done() && pending_ordered_ops);
 
         data_chunk_id = GetNextAllocatableChunkId(data_chunk_id);
-        SNAP_LOG(DEBUG) << "Batch Merge copy-ops of size: " << vec.size()
+        SNAP_LOG(DEBUG) << "Batch Merge copy-ops/xor-ops of size: " << vec.size()
                         << " Area: " << vec_.size() << " Area offset: " << offset
-                        << " Pending-copy-ops in this area: " << pending_copy_ops;
+                        << " Pending-ordered-ops in this area: " << pending_ordered_ops;
 
         for (size_t i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) {
             struct disk_exception* de =
@@ -532,13 +542,18 @@
             chunk_vec_.push_back(std::make_pair(ChunkToSector(data_chunk_id), cow_op));
             offset += sizeof(struct disk_exception);
             num_ops += 1;
-            copy_ops++;
+            if (cow_op->type == kCowCopyOp) {
+                copy_ops++;
+            } else {  // it->second->type == kCowXorOp
+                xor_ops++;
+            }
+
             if (read_ahead_feature_) {
                 read_ahead_ops_.push_back(cow_op);
             }
 
             SNAP_LOG(DEBUG) << num_ops << ":"
-                            << " Copy-op: "
+                            << " Ordered-op: "
                             << " Old-chunk: " << de->old_chunk << " New-chunk: " << de->new_chunk;
 
             if (num_ops == exceptions_per_area_) {
@@ -558,22 +573,22 @@
                     SNAP_LOG(DEBUG) << "ReadMetadata() completed; Number of Areas: " << vec_.size();
                 }
 
-                if (!(pending_copy_ops == 0)) {
-                    SNAP_LOG(ERROR)
-                            << "Invalid pending_copy_ops: expected: 0 found: " << pending_copy_ops;
+                if (!(pending_ordered_ops == 0)) {
+                    SNAP_LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid pending_ordered_ops: expected: 0 found: "
+                                    << pending_ordered_ops;
                     return false;
                 }
-                pending_copy_ops = exceptions_per_area_;
+                pending_ordered_ops = exceptions_per_area_;
             }
 
             data_chunk_id = GetNextAllocatableChunkId(data_chunk_id);
-            total_copy_ops -= 1;
+            total_ordered_ops -= 1;
             /*
              * Split the number of ops based on the size of read-ahead buffer
              * region. We need to ensure that kernel doesn't issue IO on blocks
              * which are not read by the read-ahead thread.
              */
-            if (read_ahead_feature_ && (total_copy_ops % num_ra_ops_per_iter == 0)) {
+            if (read_ahead_feature_ && (total_ordered_ops % num_ra_ops_per_iter == 0)) {
                 data_chunk_id = GetNextAllocatableChunkId(data_chunk_id);
             }
         }
@@ -602,8 +617,8 @@
     SNAP_LOG(INFO) << "ReadMetadata completed. Final-chunk-id: " << data_chunk_id
                    << " Num Sector: " << ChunkToSector(data_chunk_id)
                    << " Replace-ops: " << replace_ops << " Zero-ops: " << zero_ops
-                   << " Copy-ops: " << copy_ops << " Areas: " << vec_.size()
-                   << " Num-ops-merged: " << header.num_merge_ops
+                   << " Copy-ops: " << copy_ops << " Xor-ops: " << xor_ops
+                   << " Areas: " << vec_.size() << " Num-ops-merged: " << header.num_merge_ops
                    << " Total-data-ops: " << reader_->get_num_total_data_ops();
 
     // Total number of sectors required for creating dm-user device
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/snapuserd.h b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/snapuserd.h
index 6389c94..b223e89 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/snapuserd.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/snapuserd.h
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
     }
 
     bool ReadAheadIOStart();
-    void PrepareReadAhead(uint64_t* source_block, int* pending_ops, std::vector<uint64_t>& blocks);
+    void PrepareReadAhead(uint64_t* source_offset, int* pending_ops, std::vector<uint64_t>& blocks);
     bool ReconstructDataFromCow();
     void CheckOverlap(const CowOperation* cow_op);
 
@@ -201,7 +201,9 @@
     // Processing COW operations
     bool ProcessCowOp(const CowOperation* cow_op);
     bool ProcessReplaceOp(const CowOperation* cow_op);
+    // Handles Copy and Xor
     bool ProcessCopyOp(const CowOperation* cow_op);
+    bool ProcessXorOp(const CowOperation* cow_op);
     bool ProcessZeroOp();
 
     bool ReadFromBaseDevice(const CowOperation* cow_op);
@@ -220,6 +222,7 @@
 
     std::unique_ptr<CowReader> reader_;
     BufferSink bufsink_;
+    XorSink xorsink_;
 
     std::string cow_device_;
     std::string backing_store_device_;
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/snapuserd_readahead.cpp b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/snapuserd_readahead.cpp
index ba5cef1..b868eed 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/snapuserd_readahead.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/snapuserd_readahead.cpp
@@ -172,23 +172,36 @@
 }
 
 void ReadAheadThread::CheckOverlap(const CowOperation* cow_op) {
-    if (dest_blocks_.count(cow_op->new_block) || source_blocks_.count(cow_op->source)) {
+    uint64_t source_block = cow_op->source;
+    uint64_t source_offset = 0;
+    if (cow_op->type == kCowXorOp) {
+        source_block /= BLOCK_SZ;
+        source_offset = cow_op->source % BLOCK_SZ;
+    }
+    if (dest_blocks_.count(cow_op->new_block) || source_blocks_.count(source_block) ||
+        (source_offset > 0 && source_blocks_.count(source_block + 1))) {
         overlap_ = true;
     }
 
-    dest_blocks_.insert(cow_op->source);
+    dest_blocks_.insert(source_block);
+    if (source_offset > 0) {
+        dest_blocks_.insert(source_block + 1);
+    }
     source_blocks_.insert(cow_op->new_block);
 }
 
-void ReadAheadThread::PrepareReadAhead(uint64_t* source_block, int* pending_ops,
+void ReadAheadThread::PrepareReadAhead(uint64_t* source_offset, int* pending_ops,
                                        std::vector<uint64_t>& blocks) {
     int num_ops = *pending_ops;
     int nr_consecutive = 0;
 
     if (!RAIterDone() && num_ops) {
-        // Get the first block
+        // Get the first block with offset
         const CowOperation* cow_op = GetRAOpIter();
-        *source_block = cow_op->source;
+        *source_offset = cow_op->source;
+        if (cow_op->type == kCowCopyOp) {
+            *source_offset *= BLOCK_SZ;
+        }
         RAIterNext();
         num_ops -= 1;
         nr_consecutive = 1;
@@ -203,7 +216,11 @@
          */
         while (!RAIterDone() && num_ops) {
             const CowOperation* op = GetRAOpIter();
-            if (op->source != (*source_block - nr_consecutive)) {
+            uint64_t next_offset = op->source;
+            if (cow_op->type == kCowCopyOp) {
+                next_offset *= BLOCK_SZ;
+            }
+            if (next_offset != (*source_offset - nr_consecutive * BLOCK_SZ)) {
                 break;
             }
             nr_consecutive += 1;
@@ -312,10 +329,10 @@
     source_blocks_.clear();
 
     while (true) {
-        uint64_t source_block;
+        uint64_t source_offset;
         int linear_blocks;
 
-        PrepareReadAhead(&source_block, &num_ops, blocks);
+        PrepareReadAhead(&source_offset, &num_ops, blocks);
         linear_blocks = blocks.size();
         if (linear_blocks == 0) {
             // No more blocks to read
@@ -324,7 +341,7 @@
         }
 
         // Get the first block in the consecutive set of blocks
-        source_block = source_block + 1 - linear_blocks;
+        source_offset = source_offset - (linear_blocks - 1) * BLOCK_SZ;
         size_t io_size = (linear_blocks * BLOCK_SZ);
         num_ops -= linear_blocks;
         total_blocks_merged += linear_blocks;
@@ -358,10 +375,12 @@
         // Read from the base device consecutive set of blocks in one shot
         if (!android::base::ReadFullyAtOffset(backing_store_fd_,
                                               (char*)read_ahead_buffer_ + buffer_offset, io_size,
-                                              source_block * BLOCK_SZ)) {
-            SNAP_PLOG(ERROR) << "Copy-op failed. Read from backing store: " << backing_store_device_
-                             << "at block :" << source_block << " buffer_offset : " << buffer_offset
-                             << " io_size : " << io_size << " buf-addr : " << read_ahead_buffer_;
+                                              source_offset)) {
+            SNAP_PLOG(ERROR) << "Ordered-op failed. Read from backing store: "
+                             << backing_store_device_ << "at block :" << source_offset / BLOCK_SZ
+                             << " offset :" << source_offset % BLOCK_SZ
+                             << " buffer_offset : " << buffer_offset << " io_size : " << io_size
+                             << " buf-addr : " << read_ahead_buffer_;
 
             snapuserd_->ReadAheadIOFailed();
             return false;
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/snapuserd_worker.cpp b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/snapuserd_worker.cpp
index ffb19b1..cdf9fe7 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/snapuserd_worker.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapuserd/snapuserd_worker.cpp
@@ -183,10 +183,19 @@
     }
     SNAP_LOG(DEBUG) << " ReadFromBaseDevice...: new-block: " << cow_op->new_block
                     << " Source: " << cow_op->source;
-    if (!android::base::ReadFullyAtOffset(backing_store_fd_, buffer, BLOCK_SZ,
-                                          cow_op->source * BLOCK_SZ)) {
-        SNAP_PLOG(ERROR) << "Copy-op failed. Read from backing store: " << backing_store_device_
-                         << "at block :" << cow_op->source;
+    uint64_t offset = cow_op->source;
+    if (cow_op->type == kCowCopyOp) {
+        offset *= BLOCK_SZ;
+    }
+    if (!android::base::ReadFullyAtOffset(backing_store_fd_, buffer, BLOCK_SZ, offset)) {
+        std::string op;
+        if (cow_op->type == kCowCopyOp)
+            op = "Copy-op";
+        else {
+            op = "Xor-op";
+        }
+        SNAP_PLOG(ERROR) << op << " failed. Read from backing store: " << backing_store_device_
+                         << "at block :" << offset / BLOCK_SZ << " offset:" << offset % BLOCK_SZ;
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -221,6 +230,23 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+bool WorkerThread::ProcessXorOp(const CowOperation* cow_op) {
+    if (!GetReadAheadPopulatedBuffer(cow_op)) {
+        SNAP_LOG(DEBUG) << " GetReadAheadPopulatedBuffer failed..."
+                        << " new_block: " << cow_op->new_block;
+        if (!ReadFromBaseDevice(cow_op)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    xorsink_.Reset();
+    if (!reader_->ReadData(*cow_op, &xorsink_)) {
+        SNAP_LOG(ERROR) << "ProcessXorOp failed for block " << cow_op->new_block;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 bool WorkerThread::ProcessZeroOp() {
     // Zero out the entire block
     void* buffer = bufsink_.GetPayloadBuffer(BLOCK_SZ);
@@ -252,6 +278,10 @@
             return ProcessCopyOp(cow_op);
         }
 
+        case kCowXorOp: {
+            return ProcessXorOp(cow_op);
+        }
+
         default: {
             SNAP_LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown operation-type found: " << cow_op->type;
         }
@@ -503,10 +533,10 @@
 }
 
 int WorkerThread::GetNumberOfMergedOps(void* merged_buffer, void* unmerged_buffer, loff_t offset,
-                                       int unmerged_exceptions, bool* copy_op, bool* commit) {
+                                       int unmerged_exceptions, bool* ordered_op, bool* commit) {
     int merged_ops_cur_iter = 0;
     std::unordered_map<uint64_t, void*>& read_ahead_buffer_map = snapuserd_->GetReadAheadMap();
-    *copy_op = false;
+    *ordered_op = false;
     std::vector<std::pair<sector_t, const CowOperation*>>& chunk_vec = snapuserd_->GetChunkVec();
 
     // Find the operations which are merged in this cycle.
@@ -544,9 +574,9 @@
             }
             const CowOperation* cow_op = it->second;
 
-            if (snapuserd_->IsReadAheadFeaturePresent() && cow_op->type == kCowCopyOp) {
-                *copy_op = true;
-                // Every single copy operation has to come from read-ahead
+            if (snapuserd_->IsReadAheadFeaturePresent() && IsOrderedOp(*cow_op)) {
+                *ordered_op = true;
+                // Every single ordered operation has to come from read-ahead
                 // cache.
                 if (read_ahead_buffer_map.find(cow_op->new_block) == read_ahead_buffer_map.end()) {
                     SNAP_LOG(ERROR)
@@ -590,7 +620,7 @@
 bool WorkerThread::ProcessMergeComplete(chunk_t chunk, void* buffer) {
     uint32_t stride = exceptions_per_area_ + 1;
     const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]>>& vec = snapuserd_->GetMetadataVec();
-    bool copy_op = false;
+    bool ordered_op = false;
     bool commit = false;
 
     // ChunkID to vector index
@@ -615,7 +645,7 @@
     }
 
     int merged_ops_cur_iter = GetNumberOfMergedOps(buffer, vec[divresult.quot].get(), offset,
-                                                   unmerged_exceptions, &copy_op, &commit);
+                                                   unmerged_exceptions, &ordered_op, &commit);
 
     // There should be at least one operation merged in this cycle
     if (!(merged_ops_cur_iter > 0)) {
@@ -623,7 +653,7 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (copy_op) {
+    if (ordered_op) {
         if (commit) {
             // Push the flushing logic to read-ahead thread so that merge thread
             // can make forward progress. Sync will happen in the background
@@ -852,6 +882,7 @@
 
 bool WorkerThread::RunThread() {
     InitializeBufsink();
+    xorsink_.Initialize(&bufsink_, BLOCK_SZ);
 
     if (!InitializeFds()) {
         return false;