diff --git a/adb/Android.mk b/adb/Android.mk
index 1f6f194..05b0284 100644
--- a/adb/Android.mk
+++ b/adb/Android.mk
@@ -108,7 +108,6 @@
     sysdeps_win32_test.cpp \
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
 LOCAL_MODULE := libadbd_usb
 LOCAL_CFLAGS := $(LIBADB_CFLAGS) -DADB_HOST=0
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := daemon/usb.cpp
@@ -117,12 +116,11 @@
 
 # Even though we're building a static library (and thus there's no link step for
 # this to take effect), this adds the includes to our path.
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libcrypto_utils libcrypto libbase
+LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libcrypto_utils libcrypto libbase libasyncio
 
 include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
 LOCAL_MODULE := libadbd
 LOCAL_CFLAGS := $(LIBADB_CFLAGS) -DADB_HOST=0
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
@@ -171,7 +169,6 @@
 include $(BUILD_HOST_STATIC_LIBRARY)
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
 LOCAL_MODULE := adbd_test
 LOCAL_CFLAGS := -DADB_HOST=0 $(LIBADB_CFLAGS)
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
@@ -330,8 +327,6 @@
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
-
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
     daemon/main.cpp \
     daemon/mdns.cpp \
@@ -360,13 +355,12 @@
 LOCAL_MODULE := adbd
 
 LOCAL_FORCE_STATIC_EXECUTABLE := true
-LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT_SBIN)
-LOCAL_UNSTRIPPED_PATH := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT_SBIN_UNSTRIPPED)
 
 LOCAL_SANITIZE := $(adb_target_sanitize)
 LOCAL_STRIP_MODULE := keep_symbols
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := \
     libadbd \
+    libasyncio \
     libavb_user \
     libbase \
     libbootloader_message \
diff --git a/adb/adb.cpp b/adb/adb.cpp
index ff7b71f..8c24bbb 100644
--- a/adb/adb.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb.cpp
@@ -956,8 +956,8 @@
 // Try to handle a network forwarding request.
 // This returns 1 on success, 0 on failure, and -1 to indicate this is not
 // a forwarding-related request.
-int handle_forward_request(const char* service, TransportType type, const char* serial, int reply_fd)
-{
+int handle_forward_request(const char* service, TransportType type, const char* serial,
+                           TransportId transport_id, int reply_fd) {
     if (!strcmp(service, "list-forward")) {
         // Create the list of forward redirections.
         std::string listeners = format_listeners();
@@ -1010,7 +1010,8 @@
         }
 
         std::string error_msg;
-        atransport* transport = acquire_one_transport(type, serial, nullptr, &error_msg);
+        atransport* transport =
+            acquire_one_transport(type, serial, transport_id, nullptr, &error_msg);
         if (!transport) {
             SendFail(reply_fd, error_msg);
             return 1;
@@ -1068,8 +1069,8 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-int handle_host_request(const char* service, TransportType type,
-                        const char* serial, int reply_fd, asocket* s) {
+int handle_host_request(const char* service, TransportType type, const char* serial,
+                        TransportId transport_id, int reply_fd, asocket* s) {
     if (strcmp(service, "kill") == 0) {
         fprintf(stderr, "adb server killed by remote request\n");
         fflush(stdout);
@@ -1089,7 +1090,14 @@
     if (!strncmp(service, "transport", strlen("transport"))) {
         TransportType type = kTransportAny;
 
-        if (!strncmp(service, "transport-usb", strlen("transport-usb"))) {
+        if (!strncmp(service, "transport-id:", strlen("transport-id:"))) {
+            service += strlen("transport-id:");
+            transport_id = strtoll(service, const_cast<char**>(&service), 10);
+            if (*service != '\0') {
+                SendFail(reply_fd, "invalid transport id");
+                return 1;
+            }
+        } else if (!strncmp(service, "transport-usb", strlen("transport-usb"))) {
             type = kTransportUsb;
         } else if (!strncmp(service, "transport-local", strlen("transport-local"))) {
             type = kTransportLocal;
@@ -1101,7 +1109,7 @@
         }
 
         std::string error;
-        atransport* t = acquire_one_transport(type, serial, nullptr, &error);
+        atransport* t = acquire_one_transport(type, serial, transport_id, nullptr, &error);
         if (t != nullptr) {
             s->transport = t;
             SendOkay(reply_fd);
@@ -1144,7 +1152,7 @@
 
     if (!strcmp(service, "features")) {
         std::string error;
-        atransport* t = acquire_one_transport(type, serial, nullptr, &error);
+        atransport* t = acquire_one_transport(type, serial, transport_id, nullptr, &error);
         if (t != nullptr) {
             SendOkay(reply_fd, FeatureSetToString(t->features()));
         } else {
@@ -1197,7 +1205,7 @@
     // These always report "unknown" rather than the actual error, for scripts.
     if (!strcmp(service, "get-serialno")) {
         std::string error;
-        atransport* t = acquire_one_transport(type, serial, nullptr, &error);
+        atransport* t = acquire_one_transport(type, serial, transport_id, nullptr, &error);
         if (t) {
             return SendOkay(reply_fd, t->serial ? t->serial : "unknown");
         } else {
@@ -1206,7 +1214,7 @@
     }
     if (!strcmp(service, "get-devpath")) {
         std::string error;
-        atransport* t = acquire_one_transport(type, serial, nullptr, &error);
+        atransport* t = acquire_one_transport(type, serial, transport_id, nullptr, &error);
         if (t) {
             return SendOkay(reply_fd, t->devpath ? t->devpath : "unknown");
         } else {
@@ -1215,7 +1223,7 @@
     }
     if (!strcmp(service, "get-state")) {
         std::string error;
-        atransport* t = acquire_one_transport(type, serial, nullptr, &error);
+        atransport* t = acquire_one_transport(type, serial, transport_id, nullptr, &error);
         if (t) {
             return SendOkay(reply_fd, t->connection_state_name());
         } else {
@@ -1233,7 +1241,7 @@
 
     if (!strcmp(service, "reconnect")) {
         std::string response;
-        atransport* t = acquire_one_transport(type, serial, nullptr, &response, true);
+        atransport* t = acquire_one_transport(type, serial, transport_id, nullptr, &response, true);
         if (t != nullptr) {
             kick_transport(t);
             response =
@@ -1242,7 +1250,7 @@
         return SendOkay(reply_fd, response);
     }
 
-    int ret = handle_forward_request(service, type, serial, reply_fd);
+    int ret = handle_forward_request(service, type, serial, transport_id, reply_fd);
     if (ret >= 0)
       return ret - 1;
     return -1;
diff --git a/adb/adb.h b/adb/adb.h
index d6b2b81..6a9897f 100644
--- a/adb/adb.h
+++ b/adb/adb.h
@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@
 #include "usb.h"
 
 constexpr size_t MAX_PAYLOAD_V1 = 4 * 1024;
-constexpr size_t MAX_PAYLOAD_V2 = 256 * 1024;
-constexpr size_t MAX_PAYLOAD = MAX_PAYLOAD_V2;
+constexpr size_t MAX_PAYLOAD = 1024 * 1024;
 
 constexpr size_t LINUX_MAX_SOCKET_SIZE = 4194304;
 
@@ -56,6 +55,7 @@
 // Increment this when we want to force users to start a new adb server.
 #define ADB_SERVER_VERSION 39
 
+using TransportId = uint64_t;
 class atransport;
 
 struct amessage {
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@
 
 int service_to_fd(const char* name, const atransport* transport);
 #if ADB_HOST
-asocket *host_service_to_socket(const char*  name, const char *serial);
+asocket* host_service_to_socket(const char* name, const char* serial, TransportId transport_id);
 #endif
 
 #if !ADB_HOST
@@ -159,7 +159,8 @@
 int       create_jdwp_connection_fd(int  jdwp_pid);
 #endif
 
-int handle_forward_request(const char* service, TransportType type, const char* serial, int reply_fd);
+int handle_forward_request(const char* service, TransportType type, const char* serial,
+                           TransportId transport_id, int reply_fd);
 
 #if !ADB_HOST
 void framebuffer_service(int fd, void *cookie);
@@ -216,7 +217,8 @@
 #define USB_FFS_ADB_IN    USB_FFS_ADB_EP(ep2)
 #endif
 
-int handle_host_request(const char* service, TransportType type, const char* serial, int reply_fd, asocket *s);
+int handle_host_request(const char* service, TransportType type, const char* serial,
+                        TransportId transport_id, int reply_fd, asocket* s);
 
 void handle_online(atransport *t);
 void handle_offline(atransport *t);
diff --git a/adb/adb_client.cpp b/adb/adb_client.cpp
index e533a00..849a6e7 100644
--- a/adb/adb_client.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb_client.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include "adb_client.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -46,12 +47,20 @@
 
 static TransportType __adb_transport = kTransportAny;
 static const char* __adb_serial = NULL;
+static TransportId __adb_transport_id = 0;
 
 static const char* __adb_server_socket_spec;
 
-void adb_set_transport(TransportType type, const char* serial) {
+void adb_set_transport(TransportType type, const char* serial, TransportId transport_id) {
     __adb_transport = type;
     __adb_serial = serial;
+    __adb_transport_id = transport_id;
+}
+
+void adb_get_transport(TransportType* type, const char** serial, TransportId* transport_id) {
+    if (type) *type = __adb_transport;
+    if (serial) *serial = __adb_serial;
+    if (transport_id) *transport_id = __adb_transport_id;
 }
 
 void adb_set_socket_spec(const char* socket_spec) {
@@ -63,7 +72,10 @@
 
 static int switch_socket_transport(int fd, std::string* error) {
     std::string service;
-    if (__adb_serial) {
+    if (__adb_transport_id) {
+        service += "host:transport-id:";
+        service += std::to_string(__adb_transport_id);
+    } else if (__adb_serial) {
         service += "host:transport:";
         service += __adb_serial;
     } else {
@@ -292,15 +304,18 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-std::string format_host_command(const char* command, TransportType type, const char* serial) {
-    if (serial) {
-        return android::base::StringPrintf("host-serial:%s:%s", serial, command);
+std::string format_host_command(const char* command) {
+    if (__adb_transport_id) {
+        return android::base::StringPrintf("host-transport-id:%" PRIu64 ":%s", __adb_transport_id,
+                                           command);
+    } else if (__adb_serial) {
+        return android::base::StringPrintf("host-serial:%s:%s", __adb_serial, command);
     }
 
     const char* prefix = "host";
-    if (type == kTransportUsb) {
+    if (__adb_transport == kTransportUsb) {
         prefix = "host-usb";
-    } else if (type == kTransportLocal) {
+    } else if (__adb_transport == kTransportLocal) {
         prefix = "host-local";
     }
     return android::base::StringPrintf("%s:%s", prefix, command);
@@ -308,7 +323,7 @@
 
 bool adb_get_feature_set(FeatureSet* feature_set, std::string* error) {
     std::string result;
-    if (adb_query(format_host_command("features", __adb_transport, __adb_serial), &result, error)) {
+    if (adb_query(format_host_command("features"), &result, error)) {
         *feature_set = StringToFeatureSet(result);
         return true;
     }
diff --git a/adb/adb_client.h b/adb/adb_client.h
index fabec00..fca435e 100644
--- a/adb/adb_client.h
+++ b/adb/adb_client.h
@@ -40,7 +40,9 @@
                std::string* _Nonnull error);
 
 // Set the preferred transport to connect to.
-void adb_set_transport(TransportType type, const char* _Nullable serial);
+void adb_set_transport(TransportType type, const char* _Nullable serial, TransportId transport_id);
+void adb_get_transport(TransportType* _Nullable type, const char* _Nullable* _Nullable serial,
+                       TransportId* _Nullable transport_id);
 
 // Set the socket specification for the adb server.
 // This function can only be called once, and the argument must live to the end of the process.
@@ -57,8 +59,7 @@
 bool adb_status(int fd, std::string* _Nonnull error);
 
 // Create a host command corresponding to selected transport type/serial.
-std::string format_host_command(const char* _Nonnull command, TransportType type,
-                                const char* _Nullable serial);
+std::string format_host_command(const char* _Nonnull command);
 
 // Get the feature set of the current preferred transport.
 bool adb_get_feature_set(FeatureSet* _Nonnull feature_set, std::string* _Nonnull error);
diff --git a/adb/adbd_auth.cpp b/adb/adbd_auth.cpp
index b5f87be..3488ad1 100644
--- a/adb/adbd_auth.cpp
+++ b/adb/adbd_auth.cpp
@@ -217,8 +217,8 @@
     send_packet(p, t);
 }
 
-void adbd_auth_verified(atransport *t)
-{
+void adbd_auth_verified(atransport* t) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "adb client authorized";
     handle_online(t);
     send_connect(t);
 }
diff --git a/adb/bugreport.cpp b/adb/bugreport.cpp
index 372a3b4..abef86a 100644
--- a/adb/bugreport.cpp
+++ b/adb/bugreport.cpp
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
             std::vector<const char*> srcs{src_file_.c_str()};
             SetLineMessage("pulling");
             status_ =
-                br_->DoSyncPull(srcs, destination.c_str(), true, line_message_.c_str()) ? 0 : 1;
+                br_->DoSyncPull(srcs, destination.c_str(), false, line_message_.c_str()) ? 0 : 1;
             if (status_ != 0) {
                 fprintf(stderr,
                         "Bug report finished but could not be copied to '%s'.\n"
@@ -195,13 +195,13 @@
     DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(BugreportStandardStreamsCallback);
 };
 
-int Bugreport::DoIt(TransportType transport_type, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv) {
+int Bugreport::DoIt(int argc, const char** argv) {
     if (argc > 2) return syntax_error("adb bugreport [PATH]");
 
     // Gets bugreportz version.
     std::string bugz_stdout, bugz_stderr;
     DefaultStandardStreamsCallback version_callback(&bugz_stdout, &bugz_stderr);
-    int status = SendShellCommand(transport_type, serial, "bugreportz -v", false, &version_callback);
+    int status = SendShellCommand("bugreportz -v", false, &version_callback);
     std::string bugz_version = android::base::Trim(bugz_stderr);
     std::string bugz_output = android::base::Trim(bugz_stdout);
 
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@
             fprintf(stderr,
                     "Failed to get bugreportz version, which is only available on devices "
                     "running Android 7.0 or later.\nTrying a plain-text bug report instead.\n");
-            return SendShellCommand(transport_type, serial, "bugreport", false);
+            return SendShellCommand("bugreport", false);
         }
 
         // But if user explicitly asked for a zipped bug report, fails instead (otherwise calling
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@
         bugz_command = "bugreportz";
     }
     BugreportStandardStreamsCallback bugz_callback(dest_dir, dest_file, show_progress, this);
-    return SendShellCommand(transport_type, serial, bugz_command, false, &bugz_callback);
+    return SendShellCommand(bugz_command, false, &bugz_callback);
 }
 
 void Bugreport::UpdateProgress(const std::string& message, int progress_percentage) {
@@ -274,10 +274,9 @@
         LinePrinter::INFO);
 }
 
-int Bugreport::SendShellCommand(TransportType transport_type, const char* serial,
-                                const std::string& command, bool disable_shell_protocol,
+int Bugreport::SendShellCommand(const std::string& command, bool disable_shell_protocol,
                                 StandardStreamsCallbackInterface* callback) {
-    return send_shell_command(transport_type, serial, command, disable_shell_protocol, callback);
+    return send_shell_command(command, disable_shell_protocol, callback);
 }
 
 bool Bugreport::DoSyncPull(const std::vector<const char*>& srcs, const char* dst, bool copy_attrs,
diff --git a/adb/bugreport.h b/adb/bugreport.h
index d9a4468..413439b 100644
--- a/adb/bugreport.h
+++ b/adb/bugreport.h
@@ -29,14 +29,13 @@
   public:
     Bugreport() : line_printer_() {
     }
-    int DoIt(TransportType transport_type, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv);
+    int DoIt(int argc, const char** argv);
 
   protected:
     // Functions below are abstractions of external functions so they can be
     // mocked on tests.
     virtual int SendShellCommand(
-        TransportType transport_type, const char* serial, const std::string& command,
-        bool disable_shell_protocol,
+        const std::string& command, bool disable_shell_protocol,
         StandardStreamsCallbackInterface* callback = &DEFAULT_STANDARD_STREAMS_CALLBACK);
 
     virtual bool DoSyncPull(const std::vector<const char*>& srcs, const char* dst, bool copy_attrs,
diff --git a/adb/bugreport_test.cpp b/adb/bugreport_test.cpp
index d3787b4..72ca59a 100644
--- a/adb/bugreport_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/bugreport_test.cpp
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@
 // Empty functions so tests don't need to be linked against commandline.cpp
 DefaultStandardStreamsCallback DEFAULT_STANDARD_STREAMS_CALLBACK(nullptr, nullptr);
 
-int send_shell_command(TransportType transport_type, const char* serial, const std::string& command,
-                       bool disable_shell_protocol, StandardStreamsCallbackInterface* callback) {
+int send_shell_command(const std::string& command, bool disable_shell_protocol,
+                       StandardStreamsCallbackInterface* callback) {
     ADD_FAILURE() << "send_shell_command() should have been mocked";
     return -42;
 }
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
     kStreamStderr,
 };
 
-// gmock black magic to provide a WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout(output)) matcher
+// gmock black magic to provide a WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout(output)) matcher
 typedef void OnStandardStreamsCallbackFunction(StandardStreamsCallbackInterface*);
 
 class OnStandardStreamsCallbackAction : public ActionInterface<OnStandardStreamsCallbackFunction> {
@@ -118,9 +118,8 @@
 
 class BugreportMock : public Bugreport {
   public:
-    MOCK_METHOD5(SendShellCommand,
-                 int(TransportType transport_type, const char* serial, const std::string& command,
-                     bool disable_shell_protocol, StandardStreamsCallbackInterface* callback));
+    MOCK_METHOD3(SendShellCommand, int(const std::string& command, bool disable_shell_protocol,
+                                       StandardStreamsCallbackInterface* callback));
     MOCK_METHOD4(DoSyncPull, bool(const std::vector<const char*>& srcs, const char* dst,
                                   bool copy_attrs, const char* name));
     MOCK_METHOD2(UpdateProgress, void(const std::string&, int));
@@ -136,10 +135,9 @@
     }
 
     void ExpectBugreportzVersion(const std::string& version) {
-        EXPECT_CALL(br_,
-                    SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz -v", false, _))
-            .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<4>(WriteOnStderr(version.c_str())),
-                            WithArg<4>(ReturnCallbackDone(0))));
+        EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz -v", false, _))
+            .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<2>(WriteOnStderr(version.c_str())),
+                            WithArg<2>(ReturnCallbackDone(0))));
     }
 
     void ExpectProgress(int progress_percentage, const std::string& file = "file.zip") {
@@ -153,26 +151,26 @@
 // Tests when called with invalid number of arguments
 TEST_F(BugreportTest, InvalidNumberArgs) {
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport", "to", "principal"};
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 3, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, br_.DoIt(3, args));
 }
 
 // Tests the 'adb bugreport' option when the device does not support 'bugreportz' - it falls back
 // to the flat-file format ('bugreport' binary on device)
 TEST_F(BugreportTest, NoArgumentsPreNDevice) {
     // clang-format off
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz -v", false, _))
-        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<4>(WriteOnStderr("")),
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz -v", false, _))
+        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<2>(WriteOnStderr("")),
                         // Write some bogus output on stdout to make sure it's ignored
-                        WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("Dude, where is my bugreportz?")),
-                        WithArg<4>(ReturnCallbackDone(0))));
+                        WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("Dude, where is my bugreportz?")),
+                        WithArg<2>(ReturnCallbackDone(0))));
     // clang-format on
     std::string bugreport = "Reported the bug was.";
     CaptureStdout();
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreport", false, _))
-        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout(bugreport)), Return(0)));
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreport", false, _))
+        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout(bugreport)), Return(0)));
 
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport"};
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 1, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(1, args));
     ASSERT_THAT(GetCapturedStdout(), StrEq(bugreport));
 }
 
@@ -183,15 +181,15 @@
 
     std::string dest_file =
         android::base::StringPrintf("%s%cda_bugreport.zip", cwd_.c_str(), OS_PATH_SEPARATOR);
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz", false, _))
-        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/da_bugreport.zip")),
-                        WithArg<4>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz", false, _))
+        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/da_bugreport.zip")),
+                        WithArg<2>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
     EXPECT_CALL(br_, DoSyncPull(ElementsAre(StrEq("/device/da_bugreport.zip")), StrEq(dest_file),
-                                true, StrEq("pulling da_bugreport.zip")))
+                                false, StrEq("pulling da_bugreport.zip")))
         .WillOnce(Return(true));
 
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport"};
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 1, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(1, args));
 }
 
 // Tests the 'adb bugreport' option when the device supports 'bugreportz' version 1.1 - it will
@@ -201,47 +199,47 @@
     std::string dest_file =
         android::base::StringPrintf("%s%cda_bugreport.zip", cwd_.c_str(), OS_PATH_SEPARATOR);
     ExpectProgress(50, "da_bugreport.zip");
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz -p", false, _))
-        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("BEGIN:/device/da_bugreport.zip\n")),
-                        WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:50/100\n")),
-                        WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/da_bugreport.zip\n")),
-                        WithArg<4>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz -p", false, _))
+        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("BEGIN:/device/da_bugreport.zip\n")),
+                        WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:50/100\n")),
+                        WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/da_bugreport.zip\n")),
+                        WithArg<2>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
     EXPECT_CALL(br_, DoSyncPull(ElementsAre(StrEq("/device/da_bugreport.zip")), StrEq(dest_file),
-                                true, StrEq("pulling da_bugreport.zip")))
+                                false, StrEq("pulling da_bugreport.zip")))
         .WillOnce(Return(true));
 
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport"};
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 1, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(1, args));
 }
 
 // Tests 'adb bugreport file.zip' when it succeeds and device does not support progress.
 TEST_F(BugreportTest, OkNDevice) {
     ExpectBugreportzVersion("1.0");
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz", false, _))
-        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/bugreport.zip")),
-                        WithArg<4>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz", false, _))
+        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/bugreport.zip")),
+                        WithArg<2>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
     EXPECT_CALL(br_, DoSyncPull(ElementsAre(StrEq("/device/bugreport.zip")), StrEq("file.zip"),
-                                true, StrEq("pulling file.zip")))
+                                false, StrEq("pulling file.zip")))
         .WillOnce(Return(true));
 
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport", "file.zip"};
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 2, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(2, args));
 }
 
 // Tests 'adb bugreport file.zip' when it succeeds but response was sent in
 // multiple buffer writers and without progress updates.
 TEST_F(BugreportTest, OkNDeviceSplitBuffer) {
     ExpectBugreportzVersion("1.0");
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz", false, _))
-        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device")),
-                        WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("/bugreport.zip")),
-                        WithArg<4>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz", false, _))
+        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device")),
+                        WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("/bugreport.zip")),
+                        WithArg<2>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
     EXPECT_CALL(br_, DoSyncPull(ElementsAre(StrEq("/device/bugreport.zip")), StrEq("file.zip"),
-                                true, StrEq("pulling file.zip")))
+                                false, StrEq("pulling file.zip")))
         .WillOnce(Return(true));
 
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport", "file.zip"};
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 2, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(2, args));
 }
 
 // Tests 'adb bugreport file.zip' when it succeeds and displays progress.
@@ -252,32 +250,32 @@
     ExpectProgress(50);
     ExpectProgress(99);
     // clang-format off
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz -p", false, _))
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz -p", false, _))
         // NOTE: DoAll accepts at most 10 arguments, and we're almost reached that limit...
         .WillOnce(DoAll(
             // Name might change on OK, so make sure the right one is picked.
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("BEGIN:/device/bugreport___NOT.zip\n")),
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("BEGIN:/device/bugreport___NOT.zip\n")),
             // Progress line in one write
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:1/100\n")),
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:1/100\n")),
             // Add some bogus lines
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("\nDUDE:SWEET\n\nBLA\n\nBLA\nBLA\n\n")),
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("\nDUDE:SWEET\n\nBLA\n\nBLA\nBLA\n\n")),
             // Multiple progress lines in one write
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:10/100\nPROGRESS:50/100\n")),
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:10/100\nPROGRESS:50/100\n")),
             // Progress line in multiple writes
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("PROG")),
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("RESS:99")),
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("/100\n")),
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("PROG")),
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("RESS:99")),
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("/100\n")),
             // Split last message as well, just in case
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/bugreport")),
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout(".zip")),
-            WithArg<4>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/bugreport")),
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout(".zip")),
+            WithArg<2>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
     // clang-format on
     EXPECT_CALL(br_, DoSyncPull(ElementsAre(StrEq("/device/bugreport.zip")), StrEq("file.zip"),
-                                true, StrEq("pulling file.zip")))
+                                false, StrEq("pulling file.zip")))
         .WillOnce(Return(true));
 
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport", "file.zip"};
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 2, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(2, args));
 }
 
 // Tests 'adb bugreport file.zip' when it succeeds and displays progress, even if progress recedes.
@@ -287,28 +285,28 @@
     ExpectProgress(50);
     ExpectProgress(75);
     // clang-format off
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz -p", false, _))
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz -p", false, _))
         // NOTE: DoAll accepts at most 10 arguments, and we're almost reached that limit...
         .WillOnce(DoAll(
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("BEGIN:/device/bugreport.zip\n")),
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:1/100\n")), // 1%
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:50/100\n")), // 50%
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("BEGIN:/device/bugreport.zip\n")),
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:1/100\n")), // 1%
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:50/100\n")), // 50%
             // 25% should be ignored becaused it receded.
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:25/100\n")), // 25%
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:75/100\n")), // 75%
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:25/100\n")), // 25%
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:75/100\n")), // 75%
             // 75% should be ignored becaused it didn't change.
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:75/100\n")), // 75%
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:75/100\n")), // 75%
             // Try a receeding percentage with a different max progress
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:700/1000\n")), // 70%
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/bugreport.zip")),
-            WithArg<4>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:700/1000\n")), // 70%
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/bugreport.zip")),
+            WithArg<2>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
     // clang-format on
     EXPECT_CALL(br_, DoSyncPull(ElementsAre(StrEq("/device/bugreport.zip")), StrEq("file.zip"),
-                                true, StrEq("pulling file.zip")))
+                                false, StrEq("pulling file.zip")))
         .WillOnce(Return(true));
 
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport", "file.zip"};
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 2, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(2, args));
 }
 
 // Tests 'adb bugreport file.zip' when it succeeds and displays the initial progress of 0%
@@ -317,21 +315,21 @@
     ExpectProgress(0);
     ExpectProgress(1);
     // clang-format off
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz -p", false, _))
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz -p", false, _))
         // NOTE: DoAll accepts at most 10 arguments, and we're almost reached that limit...
         .WillOnce(DoAll(
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("BEGIN:/device/bugreport.zip\n")),
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:1/100000\n")),
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:1/100\n")), // 1%
-            WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/bugreport.zip")),
-            WithArg<4>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("BEGIN:/device/bugreport.zip\n")),
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:1/100000\n")),
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("PROGRESS:1/100\n")), // 1%
+            WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/bugreport.zip")),
+            WithArg<2>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
     // clang-format on
     EXPECT_CALL(br_, DoSyncPull(ElementsAre(StrEq("/device/bugreport.zip")), StrEq("file.zip"),
-                                true, StrEq("pulling file.zip")))
+                                false, StrEq("pulling file.zip")))
         .WillOnce(Return(true));
 
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport", "file.zip"};
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 2, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(2, args));
 }
 
 // Tests 'adb bugreport dir' when it succeeds and destination is a directory.
@@ -341,30 +339,30 @@
     std::string dest_file =
         android::base::StringPrintf("%s%cda_bugreport.zip", td.path, OS_PATH_SEPARATOR);
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz -p", false, _))
-        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("BEGIN:/device/da_bugreport.zip\n")),
-                        WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/da_bugreport.zip")),
-                        WithArg<4>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz -p", false, _))
+        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("BEGIN:/device/da_bugreport.zip\n")),
+                        WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/da_bugreport.zip")),
+                        WithArg<2>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
     EXPECT_CALL(br_, DoSyncPull(ElementsAre(StrEq("/device/da_bugreport.zip")), StrEq(dest_file),
-                                true, StrEq("pulling da_bugreport.zip")))
+                                false, StrEq("pulling da_bugreport.zip")))
         .WillOnce(Return(true));
 
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport", td.path};
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 2, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(2, args));
 }
 
 // Tests 'adb bugreport file' when it succeeds
 TEST_F(BugreportTest, OkNoExtension) {
     ExpectBugreportzVersion("1.1");
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz -p", false, _))
-        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/bugreport.zip\n")),
-                        WithArg<4>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz -p", false, _))
+        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/bugreport.zip\n")),
+                        WithArg<2>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
     EXPECT_CALL(br_, DoSyncPull(ElementsAre(StrEq("/device/bugreport.zip")), StrEq("file.zip"),
-                                true, StrEq("pulling file.zip")))
+                                false, StrEq("pulling file.zip")))
         .WillOnce(Return(true));
 
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport", "file"};
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 2, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(2, args));
 }
 
 // Tests 'adb bugreport dir' when it succeeds and destination is a directory and device runs N.
@@ -374,28 +372,28 @@
     std::string dest_file =
         android::base::StringPrintf("%s%cda_bugreport.zip", td.path, OS_PATH_SEPARATOR);
 
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz", false, _))
-        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("BEGIN:/device/da_bugreport.zip\n")),
-                        WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/da_bugreport.zip")),
-                        WithArg<4>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz", false, _))
+        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("BEGIN:/device/da_bugreport.zip\n")),
+                        WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/da_bugreport.zip")),
+                        WithArg<2>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
     EXPECT_CALL(br_, DoSyncPull(ElementsAre(StrEq("/device/da_bugreport.zip")), StrEq(dest_file),
-                                true, StrEq("pulling da_bugreport.zip")))
+                                false, StrEq("pulling da_bugreport.zip")))
         .WillOnce(Return(true));
 
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport", td.path};
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 2, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, br_.DoIt(2, args));
 }
 
 // Tests 'adb bugreport file.zip' when the bugreport itself failed
 TEST_F(BugreportTest, BugreportzReturnedFail) {
     ExpectBugreportzVersion("1.1");
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz -p", false, _))
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz -p", false, _))
         .WillOnce(
-            DoAll(WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("FAIL:D'OH!\n")), WithArg<4>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
+            DoAll(WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("FAIL:D'OH!\n")), WithArg<2>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
 
     CaptureStderr();
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport", "file.zip"};
-    ASSERT_EQ(-1, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 2, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(-1, br_.DoIt(2, args));
     ASSERT_THAT(GetCapturedStderr(), HasSubstr("D'OH!"));
 }
 
@@ -404,13 +402,13 @@
 // multiple buffer writes
 TEST_F(BugreportTest, BugreportzReturnedFailSplitBuffer) {
     ExpectBugreportzVersion("1.1");
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz -p", false, _))
-        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("FAIL")), WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout(":D'OH!\n")),
-                        WithArg<4>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz -p", false, _))
+        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("FAIL")), WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout(":D'OH!\n")),
+                        WithArg<2>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
 
     CaptureStderr();
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport", "file.zip"};
-    ASSERT_EQ(-1, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 2, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(-1, br_.DoIt(2, args));
     ASSERT_THAT(GetCapturedStderr(), HasSubstr("D'OH!"));
 }
 
@@ -418,23 +416,22 @@
 // response.
 TEST_F(BugreportTest, BugreportzReturnedUnsupported) {
     ExpectBugreportzVersion("1.1");
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz -p", false, _))
-        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("bugreportz? What am I, a zombie?")),
-                        WithArg<4>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz -p", false, _))
+        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("bugreportz? What am I, a zombie?")),
+                        WithArg<2>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
 
     CaptureStderr();
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport", "file.zip"};
-    ASSERT_EQ(-1, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 2, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(-1, br_.DoIt(2, args));
     ASSERT_THAT(GetCapturedStderr(), HasSubstr("bugreportz? What am I, a zombie?"));
 }
 
 // Tests 'adb bugreport file.zip' when the bugreportz -v command failed
 TEST_F(BugreportTest, BugreportzVersionFailed) {
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz -v", false, _))
-        .WillOnce(Return(666));
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz -v", false, _)).WillOnce(Return(666));
 
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport", "file.zip"};
-    ASSERT_EQ(666, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 2, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(666, br_.DoIt(2, args));
 }
 
 // Tests 'adb bugreport file.zip' when the bugreportz -v returns status 0 but with no output.
@@ -442,29 +439,28 @@
     ExpectBugreportzVersion("");
 
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport", "file.zip"};
-    ASSERT_EQ(-1, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 2, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(-1, br_.DoIt(2, args));
 }
 
 // Tests 'adb bugreport file.zip' when the main bugreportz command failed
 TEST_F(BugreportTest, BugreportzFailed) {
     ExpectBugreportzVersion("1.1");
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz -p", false, _))
-        .WillOnce(Return(666));
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz -p", false, _)).WillOnce(Return(666));
 
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport", "file.zip"};
-    ASSERT_EQ(666, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 2, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(666, br_.DoIt(2, args));
 }
 
 // Tests 'adb bugreport file.zip' when the bugreport could not be pulled
 TEST_F(BugreportTest, PullFails) {
     ExpectBugreportzVersion("1.1");
-    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", "bugreportz -p", false, _))
-        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<4>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/bugreport.zip")),
-                        WithArg<4>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
+    EXPECT_CALL(br_, SendShellCommand("bugreportz -p", false, _))
+        .WillOnce(DoAll(WithArg<2>(WriteOnStdout("OK:/device/bugreport.zip")),
+                        WithArg<2>(ReturnCallbackDone())));
     EXPECT_CALL(br_, DoSyncPull(ElementsAre(StrEq("/device/bugreport.zip")), StrEq("file.zip"),
-                                true, HasSubstr("file.zip")))
+                                false, HasSubstr("file.zip")))
         .WillOnce(Return(false));
 
     const char* args[] = {"bugreport", "file.zip"};
-    ASSERT_EQ(1, br_.DoIt(kTransportLocal, "HannibalLecter", 2, args));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1, br_.DoIt(2, args));
 }
diff --git a/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp b/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp
index e7f44c6..7025f28 100644
--- a/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp
@@ -412,8 +412,13 @@
     if (it != usb_handles.end()) {
         if (!it->second->device_handle) {
             // If the handle is null, we were never able to open the device.
-            unregister_usb_transport(it->second.get());
+
+            // Temporarily release the usb handles mutex to avoid deadlock.
+            std::unique_ptr<usb_handle> handle = std::move(it->second);
             usb_handles.erase(it);
+            lock.unlock();
+            unregister_usb_transport(handle.get());
+            lock.lock();
         } else {
             // Closure of the transport will erase the usb_handle.
         }
diff --git a/adb/commandline.cpp b/adb/commandline.cpp
index c9f1ee9..d126f52 100644
--- a/adb/commandline.cpp
+++ b/adb/commandline.cpp
@@ -62,11 +62,11 @@
 #include "shell_service.h"
 #include "sysdeps/chrono.h"
 
-static int install_app(TransportType t, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv);
-static int install_multiple_app(TransportType t, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv);
-static int uninstall_app(TransportType t, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv);
-static int install_app_legacy(TransportType t, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv);
-static int uninstall_app_legacy(TransportType t, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv);
+static int install_app(int argc, const char** argv);
+static int install_multiple_app(int argc, const char** argv);
+static int uninstall_app(int argc, const char** argv);
+static int install_app_legacy(int argc, const char** argv);
+static int uninstall_app_legacy(int argc, const char** argv);
 
 extern int gListenAll;
 
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@
         " -d         use USB device (error if multiple devices connected)\n"
         " -e         use TCP/IP device (error if multiple TCP/IP devices available)\n"
         " -s SERIAL  use device with given serial (overrides $ANDROID_SERIAL)\n"
+        " -t ID      use device with given transport id\n"
         " -H         name of adb server host [default=localhost]\n"
         " -P         port of adb server [default=5037]\n"
         " -L SOCKET  listen on given socket for adb server [default=tcp:localhost:5037]\n"
@@ -685,6 +686,10 @@
 
     // Parse shell-specific command-line options.
     argv[0] = "adb shell"; // So getopt(3) error messages start "adb shell".
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    // fixes "adb shell -l" crash on Windows, b/37284906
+    __argv = const_cast<char**>(argv);
+#endif
     optind = 1; // argv[0] is always "shell", so set `optind` appropriately.
     int opt;
     while ((opt = getopt(argc, const_cast<char**>(argv), "+e:ntTx")) != -1) {
@@ -986,13 +991,16 @@
 #endif /* !defined(_WIN32) */
 }
 
-static bool wait_for_device(const char* service, TransportType t, const char* serial) {
+static bool wait_for_device(const char* service) {
     std::vector<std::string> components = android::base::Split(service, "-");
     if (components.size() < 3 || components.size() > 4) {
         fprintf(stderr, "adb: couldn't parse 'wait-for' command: %s\n", service);
         return false;
     }
 
+    TransportType t;
+    adb_get_transport(&t, nullptr, nullptr);
+
     // Was the caller vague about what they'd like us to wait for?
     // If so, check they weren't more specific in their choice of transport type.
     if (components.size() == 3) {
@@ -1019,7 +1027,7 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    std::string cmd = format_host_command(android::base::Join(components, "-").c_str(), t, serial);
+    std::string cmd = format_host_command(android::base::Join(components, "-").c_str());
     return adb_command(cmd);
 }
 
@@ -1065,8 +1073,8 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-int send_shell_command(TransportType transport_type, const char* serial, const std::string& command,
-                       bool disable_shell_protocol, StandardStreamsCallbackInterface* callback) {
+int send_shell_command(const std::string& command, bool disable_shell_protocol,
+                       StandardStreamsCallbackInterface* callback) {
     int fd;
     bool use_shell_protocol = false;
 
@@ -1097,7 +1105,7 @@
         }
 
         fprintf(stderr, "- waiting for device -\n");
-        if (!wait_for_device("wait-for-device", transport_type, serial)) {
+        if (!wait_for_device("wait-for-device")) {
             return 1;
         }
     }
@@ -1111,7 +1119,7 @@
     return exit_code;
 }
 
-static int logcat(TransportType transport, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv) {
+static int logcat(int argc, const char** argv) {
     char* log_tags = getenv("ANDROID_LOG_TAGS");
     std::string quoted = escape_arg(log_tags == nullptr ? "" : log_tags);
 
@@ -1128,7 +1136,7 @@
     }
 
     // No need for shell protocol with logcat, always disable for simplicity.
-    return send_shell_command(transport, serial, cmd, true);
+    return send_shell_command(cmd, true);
 }
 
 static void write_zeros(int bytes, int fd) {
@@ -1340,6 +1348,7 @@
 
     // We need to check for -d and -e before we look at $ANDROID_SERIAL.
     const char* serial = nullptr;
+    TransportId transport_id = 0;
 
     while (argc > 0) {
         if (!strcmp(argv[0],"server")) {
@@ -1359,7 +1368,7 @@
                 fprintf(stderr, "adb: invalid reply fd \"%s\"\n", reply_fd_str);
                 return 1;
             }
-        } else if (argv[0][0]=='-' && argv[0][1]=='s') {
+        } else if (!strncmp(argv[0], "-s", 2)) {
             if (isdigit(argv[0][2])) {
                 serial = argv[0] + 2;
             } else {
@@ -1368,6 +1377,19 @@
                 argc--;
                 argv++;
             }
+        } else if (!strncmp(argv[0], "-t", 2)) {
+            const char* id;
+            if (isdigit(argv[0][2])) {
+                id = argv[0] + 2;
+            } else {
+                id = argv[1];
+                argc--;
+                argv++;
+            }
+            transport_id = strtoll(id, const_cast<char**>(&id), 10);
+            if (*id != '\0') {
+                return syntax_error("invalid transport id");
+            }
         } else if (!strcmp(argv[0],"-d")) {
             transport_type = kTransportUsb;
         } else if (!strcmp(argv[0],"-e")) {
@@ -1451,7 +1473,7 @@
         serial = getenv("ANDROID_SERIAL");
     }
 
-    adb_set_transport(transport_type, serial);
+    adb_set_transport(transport_type, serial, transport_id);
 
     if (is_server) {
         if (no_daemon || is_daemon) {
@@ -1478,7 +1500,7 @@
     if (!strncmp(argv[0], "wait-for-", strlen("wait-for-"))) {
         const char* service = argv[0];
 
-        if (!wait_for_device(service, transport_type, serial)) {
+        if (!wait_for_device(service)) {
             return 1;
         }
 
@@ -1566,9 +1588,13 @@
         } else {
             return 0;
         }
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "tcpip") && argc > 1) {
-        return adb_connect_command(android::base::StringPrintf("tcpip:%s", argv[1]));
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "tcpip")) {
+        if (argc != 2) return syntax_error("tcpip requires an argument");
+        int port;
+        if (!android::base::ParseInt(argv[1], &port, 1, 65535)) {
+            return syntax_error("tcpip: invalid port: %s", argv[1]);
+        }
+        return adb_connect_command(android::base::StringPrintf("tcpip:%d", port));
     }
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "remount") ||
              !strcmp(argv[0], "reboot") ||
@@ -1589,7 +1615,7 @@
         return adb_root(argv[0]) ? 0 : 1;
     } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "bugreport")) {
         Bugreport bugreport;
-        return bugreport.DoIt(transport_type, serial, argc, argv);
+        return bugreport.DoIt(argc, argv);
     } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "forward") || !strcmp(argv[0], "reverse")) {
         bool reverse = !strcmp(argv[0], "reverse");
         ++argv;
@@ -1685,20 +1711,20 @@
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "install")) {
         if (argc < 2) return syntax_error("install requires an argument");
         if (_use_legacy_install()) {
-            return install_app_legacy(transport_type, serial, argc, argv);
+            return install_app_legacy(argc, argv);
         }
-        return install_app(transport_type, serial, argc, argv);
+        return install_app(argc, argv);
     }
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "install-multiple")) {
         if (argc < 2) return syntax_error("install-multiple requires an argument");
-        return install_multiple_app(transport_type, serial, argc, argv);
+        return install_multiple_app(argc, argv);
     }
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "uninstall")) {
         if (argc < 2) return syntax_error("uninstall requires an argument");
         if (_use_legacy_install()) {
-            return uninstall_app_legacy(transport_type, serial, argc, argv);
+            return uninstall_app_legacy(argc, argv);
         }
-        return uninstall_app(transport_type, serial, argc, argv);
+        return uninstall_app(argc, argv);
     }
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "sync")) {
         std::string src;
@@ -1752,11 +1778,11 @@
         !strcmp(argv[0],"get-serialno") ||
         !strcmp(argv[0],"get-devpath"))
     {
-        return adb_query_command(format_host_command(argv[0], transport_type, serial));
+        return adb_query_command(format_host_command(argv[0]));
     }
     /* other commands */
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0],"logcat") || !strcmp(argv[0],"lolcat") || !strcmp(argv[0],"longcat")) {
-        return logcat(transport_type, serial, argc, argv);
+        return logcat(argc, argv);
     }
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0],"ppp")) {
         return ppp(argc, argv);
@@ -1819,7 +1845,7 @@
         return adb_query_command("host:host-features");
     } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "reconnect")) {
         if (argc == 1) {
-            return adb_query_command(format_host_command(argv[0], transport_type, serial));
+            return adb_query_command(format_host_command(argv[0]));
         } else if (argc == 2) {
             if (!strcmp(argv[1], "device")) {
                 std::string err;
@@ -1838,7 +1864,7 @@
     return 1;
 }
 
-static int uninstall_app(TransportType transport, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv) {
+static int uninstall_app(int argc, const char** argv) {
     // 'adb uninstall' takes the same arguments as 'cmd package uninstall' on device
     std::string cmd = "cmd package";
     while (argc-- > 0) {
@@ -1854,10 +1880,10 @@
         cmd += " " + escape_arg(*argv++);
     }
 
-    return send_shell_command(transport, serial, cmd, false);
+    return send_shell_command(cmd, false);
 }
 
-static int install_app(TransportType transport, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv) {
+static int install_app(int argc, const char** argv) {
     // The last argument must be the APK file
     const char* file = argv[argc - 1];
     if (!android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apk")) {
@@ -1910,9 +1936,7 @@
     return 1;
 }
 
-static int install_multiple_app(TransportType transport, const char* serial, int argc,
-                                const char** argv)
-{
+static int install_multiple_app(int argc, const char** argv) {
     // Find all APK arguments starting at end.
     // All other arguments passed through verbatim.
     int first_apk = -1;
@@ -2037,17 +2061,17 @@
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
 }
 
-static int pm_command(TransportType transport, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv) {
+static int pm_command(int argc, const char** argv) {
     std::string cmd = "pm";
 
     while (argc-- > 0) {
         cmd += " " + escape_arg(*argv++);
     }
 
-    return send_shell_command(transport, serial, cmd, false);
+    return send_shell_command(cmd, false);
 }
 
-static int uninstall_app_legacy(TransportType transport, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv) {
+static int uninstall_app_legacy(int argc, const char** argv) {
     /* if the user choose the -k option, we refuse to do it until devices are
        out with the option to uninstall the remaining data somehow (adb/ui) */
     int i;
@@ -2063,15 +2087,15 @@
     }
 
     /* 'adb uninstall' takes the same arguments as 'pm uninstall' on device */
-    return pm_command(transport, serial, argc, argv);
+    return pm_command(argc, argv);
 }
 
-static int delete_file(TransportType transport, const char* serial, const std::string& filename) {
+static int delete_file(const std::string& filename) {
     std::string cmd = "rm -f " + escape_arg(filename);
-    return send_shell_command(transport, serial, cmd, false);
+    return send_shell_command(cmd, false);
 }
 
-static int install_app_legacy(TransportType transport, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv) {
+static int install_app_legacy(int argc, const char** argv) {
     static const char *const DATA_DEST = "/data/local/tmp/%s";
     static const char *const SD_DEST = "/sdcard/tmp/%s";
     const char* where = DATA_DEST;
@@ -2100,9 +2124,9 @@
         where, android::base::Basename(argv[last_apk]).c_str());
     if (!do_sync_push(apk_file, apk_dest.c_str(), false)) goto cleanup_apk;
     argv[last_apk] = apk_dest.c_str(); /* destination name, not source location */
-    result = pm_command(transport, serial, argc, argv);
+    result = pm_command(argc, argv);
 
 cleanup_apk:
-    delete_file(transport, serial, apk_dest);
+    delete_file(apk_dest);
     return result;
 }
diff --git a/adb/commandline.h b/adb/commandline.h
index 9ba69a3..36cd798 100644
--- a/adb/commandline.h
+++ b/adb/commandline.h
@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@
 // Connects to the device "shell" service with |command| and prints the
 // resulting output.
 // if |callback| is non-null, stdout/stderr output will be handled by it.
-int send_shell_command(TransportType transport_type, const char* serial, const std::string& command,
-                       bool disable_shell_protocol, StandardStreamsCallbackInterface* callback =
-                                                        &DEFAULT_STANDARD_STREAMS_CALLBACK);
+int send_shell_command(
+    const std::string& command, bool disable_shell_protocol,
+    StandardStreamsCallbackInterface* callback = &DEFAULT_STANDARD_STREAMS_CALLBACK);
 
 #endif  // COMMANDLINE_H
diff --git a/adb/daemon/usb.cpp b/adb/daemon/usb.cpp
index d3b2f3d..87ed3db 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/usb.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/usb.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
@@ -49,16 +50,11 @@
 #define MAX_PACKET_SIZE_HS 512
 #define MAX_PACKET_SIZE_SS 1024
 
-// Kernels before 3.3 have a 16KiB transfer limit  That limit was replaced
-// with a 16MiB global limit in 3.3, but each URB submitted required a
-// contiguous kernel allocation, so you would get ENOMEM if you tried to
-// send something larger than the biggest available contiguous kernel
-// memory region. Large contiguous allocations could be unreliable
-// on a device kernel that has been running for a while fragmenting its
-// memory so we start with a larger allocation, and shrink the amount if
-// necessary.
 #define USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE 16384
 
+// Number of buffers needed to fit MAX_PAYLOAD, with an extra for ZLPs.
+#define USB_FFS_NUM_BUFS ((MAX_PAYLOAD / USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE) + 1)
+
 #define cpu_to_le16(x) htole16(x)
 #define cpu_to_le32(x) htole32(x)
 
@@ -234,7 +230,29 @@
     },
 };
 
+static void aio_block_init(aio_block* aiob) {
+    aiob->iocb.resize(USB_FFS_NUM_BUFS);
+    aiob->iocbs.resize(USB_FFS_NUM_BUFS);
+    aiob->events.resize(USB_FFS_NUM_BUFS);
+    aiob->num_submitted = 0;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < USB_FFS_NUM_BUFS; i++) {
+        aiob->iocbs[i] = &aiob->iocb[i];
+    }
+}
+
+static int getMaxPacketSize(int ffs_fd) {
+    usb_endpoint_descriptor desc;
+    if (ioctl(ffs_fd, FUNCTIONFS_ENDPOINT_DESC, reinterpret_cast<unsigned long>(&desc))) {
+        D("[ could not get endpoint descriptor! (%d) ]", errno);
+        return MAX_PACKET_SIZE_HS;
+    } else {
+        return desc.wMaxPacketSize;
+    }
+}
+
 bool init_functionfs(struct usb_handle* h) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "initializing functionfs";
+
     ssize_t ret;
     struct desc_v1 v1_descriptor;
     struct desc_v2 v2_descriptor;
@@ -255,10 +273,10 @@
     v2_descriptor.os_desc = os_desc_compat;
 
     if (h->control < 0) { // might have already done this before
-        D("OPENING %s", USB_FFS_ADB_EP0);
+        LOG(INFO) << "opening control endpoint " << USB_FFS_ADB_EP0;
         h->control = adb_open(USB_FFS_ADB_EP0, O_RDWR);
         if (h->control < 0) {
-            D("[ %s: cannot open control endpoint: errno=%d]", USB_FFS_ADB_EP0, errno);
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "cannot open control endpoint " << USB_FFS_ADB_EP0;
             goto err;
         }
 
@@ -289,16 +307,24 @@
 
     h->bulk_out = adb_open(USB_FFS_ADB_OUT, O_RDWR);
     if (h->bulk_out < 0) {
-        D("[ %s: cannot open bulk-out ep: errno=%d ]", USB_FFS_ADB_OUT, errno);
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "cannot open bulk-out endpoint " << USB_FFS_ADB_OUT;
         goto err;
     }
 
     h->bulk_in = adb_open(USB_FFS_ADB_IN, O_RDWR);
     if (h->bulk_in < 0) {
-        D("[ %s: cannot open bulk-in ep: errno=%d ]", USB_FFS_ADB_IN, errno);
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "cannot open bulk-in endpoint " << USB_FFS_ADB_IN;
         goto err;
     }
 
+    if (io_setup(USB_FFS_NUM_BUFS, &h->read_aiob.ctx) ||
+        io_setup(USB_FFS_NUM_BUFS, &h->write_aiob.ctx)) {
+        D("[ aio: got error on io_setup (%d) ]", errno);
+    }
+
+    h->read_aiob.fd = h->bulk_out;
+    h->write_aiob.fd = h->bulk_in;
+
     h->max_rw = MAX_PAYLOAD;
     while (h->max_rw >= USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE && retries < ENDPOINT_ALLOC_RETRIES) {
         int ret_in = ioctl(h->bulk_in, FUNCTIONFS_ENDPOINT_ALLOC, static_cast<__u32>(h->max_rw));
@@ -356,12 +382,13 @@
 
         while (true) {
             if (init_functionfs(usb)) {
+                LOG(INFO) << "functionfs successfully initialized";
                 break;
             }
             std::this_thread::sleep_for(1s);
         }
 
-        D("[ usb_thread - registering device ]");
+        LOG(INFO) << "registering usb transport";
         register_usb_transport(usb, 0, 0, 1);
     }
 
@@ -407,6 +434,65 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int usb_ffs_do_aio(usb_handle* h, const void* data, int len, bool read) {
+    aio_block* aiob = read ? &h->read_aiob : &h->write_aiob;
+    bool zero_packet = false;
+
+    int num_bufs = len / USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE + (len % USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE == 0 ? 0 : 1);
+    const char* cur_data = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data);
+    int packet_size = getMaxPacketSize(aiob->fd);
+
+    if (posix_madvise(const_cast<void*>(data), len, POSIX_MADV_SEQUENTIAL | POSIX_MADV_WILLNEED) <
+        0) {
+        D("[ Failed to madvise: %d ]", errno);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_bufs; i++) {
+        int buf_len = std::min(len, USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE);
+        io_prep(&aiob->iocb[i], aiob->fd, cur_data, buf_len, 0, read);
+
+        len -= buf_len;
+        cur_data += buf_len;
+
+        if (len == 0 && buf_len % packet_size == 0 && read) {
+            // adb does not expect the device to send a zero packet after data transfer,
+            // but the host *does* send a zero packet for the device to read.
+            zero_packet = true;
+        }
+    }
+    if (zero_packet) {
+        io_prep(&aiob->iocb[num_bufs], aiob->fd, reinterpret_cast<const void*>(cur_data),
+                packet_size, 0, read);
+        num_bufs += 1;
+    }
+
+    if (io_submit(aiob->ctx, num_bufs, aiob->iocbs.data()) < num_bufs) {
+        D("[ aio: got error submitting %s (%d) ]", read ? "read" : "write", errno);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
+            io_getevents(aiob->ctx, num_bufs, num_bufs, aiob->events.data(), nullptr)) < num_bufs) {
+        D("[ aio: got error waiting %s (%d) ]", read ? "read" : "write", errno);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_bufs; i++) {
+        if (aiob->events[i].res < 0) {
+            errno = aiob->events[i].res;
+            D("[ aio: got error event on %s (%d) ]", read ? "read" : "write", errno);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int usb_ffs_aio_read(usb_handle* h, void* data, int len) {
+    return usb_ffs_do_aio(h, data, len, true);
+}
+
+static int usb_ffs_aio_write(usb_handle* h, const void* data, int len) {
+    return usb_ffs_do_aio(h, data, len, false);
+}
+
 static void usb_ffs_kick(usb_handle* h) {
     int err;
 
@@ -430,9 +516,14 @@
 }
 
 static void usb_ffs_close(usb_handle* h) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "closing functionfs transport";
+
     h->kicked = false;
     adb_close(h->bulk_out);
     adb_close(h->bulk_in);
+    io_destroy(h->read_aiob.ctx);
+    io_destroy(h->write_aiob.ctx);
+
     // Notify usb_adb_open_thread to open a new connection.
     h->lock.lock();
     h->open_new_connection = true;
@@ -445,8 +536,17 @@
 
     usb_handle* h = new usb_handle();
 
-    h->write = usb_ffs_write;
-    h->read = usb_ffs_read;
+    if (android::base::GetBoolProperty("sys.usb.ffs.aio_compat", false)) {
+        // Devices on older kernels (< 3.18) will not have aio support for ffs
+        // unless backported. Fall back on the non-aio functions instead.
+        h->write = usb_ffs_write;
+        h->read = usb_ffs_read;
+    } else {
+        h->write = usb_ffs_aio_write;
+        h->read = usb_ffs_aio_read;
+        aio_block_init(&h->read_aiob);
+        aio_block_init(&h->write_aiob);
+    }
     h->kick = usb_ffs_kick;
     h->close = usb_ffs_close;
 
diff --git a/adb/daemon/usb.h b/adb/daemon/usb.h
index 55b5995..db1a6d6 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/usb.h
+++ b/adb/daemon/usb.h
@@ -20,6 +20,17 @@
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <mutex>
 
+#include <asyncio/AsyncIO.h>
+
+struct aio_block {
+    std::vector<struct iocb> iocb;
+    std::vector<struct iocb*> iocbs;
+    std::vector<struct io_event> events;
+    aio_context_t ctx;
+    int num_submitted;
+    int fd;
+};
+
 struct usb_handle {
     usb_handle() : kicked(false) {
     }
@@ -39,7 +50,11 @@
     int bulk_out = -1; /* "out" from the host's perspective => source for adbd */
     int bulk_in = -1;  /* "in" from the host's perspective => sink for adbd */
 
+    // Access to these blocks is very not thread safe. Have one block for both the
+    // read and write threads.
+    struct aio_block read_aiob;
+    struct aio_block write_aiob;
+
     int max_rw;
 };
 
-bool init_functionfs(struct usb_handle* h);
diff --git a/adb/file_sync_client.cpp b/adb/file_sync_client.cpp
index 2576fb1..26f8d83 100644
--- a/adb/file_sync_client.cpp
+++ b/adb/file_sync_client.cpp
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@
         syncsendbuf sbuf;
         sbuf.id = ID_DATA;
         while (true) {
-            int bytes_read = adb_read(lfd, sbuf.data, max);
+            int bytes_read = adb_read(lfd, sbuf.data, max - sizeof(SyncRequest));
             if (bytes_read == -1) {
                 Error("reading '%s' locally failed: %s", lpath, strerror(errno));
                 adb_close(lfd);
diff --git a/adb/file_sync_service.cpp b/adb/file_sync_service.cpp
index 2acf661..c6f3e66 100644
--- a/adb/file_sync_service.cpp
+++ b/adb/file_sync_service.cpp
@@ -206,6 +206,12 @@
     __android_log_security_bswrite(SEC_TAG_ADB_SEND_FILE, path);
 
     int fd = adb_open_mode(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_CLOEXEC, mode);
+
+    if (posix_fadvise(fd, 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL | POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE | POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED) <
+        0) {
+        D("[ Failed to fadvise: %d ]", errno);
+    }
+
     if (fd < 0 && errno == ENOENT) {
         if (!secure_mkdirs(android::base::Dirname(path))) {
             SendSyncFailErrno(s, "secure_mkdirs failed");
@@ -283,25 +289,25 @@
     // reading and throwing away ID_DATA packets until the other side notices
     // that we've reported an error.
     while (true) {
-        if (!ReadFdExactly(s, &msg.data, sizeof(msg.data))) goto fail;
+        if (!ReadFdExactly(s, &msg.data, sizeof(msg.data))) break;
 
         if (msg.data.id == ID_DONE) {
-            goto abort;
+            break;
         } else if (msg.data.id != ID_DATA) {
             char id[5];
             memcpy(id, &msg.data.id, sizeof(msg.data.id));
             id[4] = '\0';
             D("handle_send_fail received unexpected id '%s' during failure", id);
-            goto abort;
+            break;
         }
 
         if (msg.data.size > buffer.size()) {
             D("handle_send_fail received oversized packet of length '%u' during failure",
               msg.data.size);
-            goto abort;
+            break;
         }
 
-        if (!ReadFdExactly(s, &buffer[0], msg.data.size)) goto abort;
+        if (!ReadFdExactly(s, &buffer[0], msg.data.size)) break;
     }
 
 abort:
@@ -413,10 +419,14 @@
         return false;
     }
 
+    if (posix_fadvise(fd, 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL | POSIX_FADV_NOREUSE) < 0) {
+        D("[ Failed to fadvise: %d ]", errno);
+    }
+
     syncmsg msg;
     msg.data.id = ID_DATA;
     while (true) {
-        int r = adb_read(fd, &buffer[0], buffer.size());
+        int r = adb_read(fd, &buffer[0], buffer.size() - sizeof(msg.data));
         if (r <= 0) {
             if (r == 0) break;
             SendSyncFailErrno(s, "read failed");
diff --git a/adb/services.cpp b/adb/services.cpp
index 9605e6e..ca34556 100644
--- a/adb/services.cpp
+++ b/adb/services.cpp
@@ -150,6 +150,7 @@
 
     sync();
 
+    if (!reboot_arg || !reboot_arg[0]) reboot_arg = "adb";
     std::string reboot_string = android::base::StringPrintf("reboot,%s", reboot_arg);
     if (!android::base::SetProperty(ANDROID_RB_PROPERTY, reboot_string)) {
         WriteFdFmt(fd, "reboot (%s) failed\n", reboot_string.c_str());
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@
         return -1;
     }
     VLOG(SERVICES) << "service socketpair: " << s[0] << ", " << s[1];
-    if (handle_forward_request(command, kTransportAny, nullptr, s[1]) < 0) {
+    if (handle_forward_request(command, kTransportAny, nullptr, 0, s[1]) < 0) {
         SendFail(s[1], "not a reverse forwarding command");
     }
     adb_close(s[1]);
@@ -334,6 +335,7 @@
 struct state_info {
     TransportType transport_type;
     std::string serial;
+    TransportId transport_id;
     ConnectionState state;
 };
 
@@ -346,7 +348,8 @@
         bool is_ambiguous = false;
         std::string error = "unknown error";
         const char* serial = sinfo->serial.length() ? sinfo->serial.c_str() : NULL;
-        atransport* t = acquire_one_transport(sinfo->transport_type, serial, &is_ambiguous, &error);
+        atransport* t = acquire_one_transport(sinfo->transport_type, serial, sinfo->transport_id,
+                                              &is_ambiguous, &error);
         if (t != nullptr && (sinfo->state == kCsAny || sinfo->state == t->GetConnectionState())) {
             SendOkay(fd);
             break;
@@ -437,9 +440,11 @@
 #endif
 
 #if ADB_HOST
-asocket* host_service_to_socket(const char* name, const char* serial) {
+asocket* host_service_to_socket(const char* name, const char* serial, TransportId transport_id) {
     if (!strcmp(name,"track-devices")) {
-        return create_device_tracker();
+        return create_device_tracker(false);
+    } else if (!strcmp(name, "track-devices-l")) {
+        return create_device_tracker(true);
     } else if (android::base::StartsWith(name, "wait-for-")) {
         name += strlen("wait-for-");
 
@@ -450,6 +455,7 @@
         }
 
         if (serial) sinfo->serial = serial;
+        sinfo->transport_id = transport_id;
 
         if (android::base::StartsWith(name, "local")) {
             name += strlen("local");
@@ -478,11 +484,17 @@
             return nullptr;
         }
 
-        int fd = create_service_thread(wait_for_state, sinfo.release());
+        int fd = create_service_thread(wait_for_state, sinfo.get());
+        if (fd != -1) {
+            sinfo.release();
+        }
         return create_local_socket(fd);
     } else if (!strncmp(name, "connect:", 8)) {
         char* host = strdup(name + 8);
         int fd = create_service_thread(connect_service, host);
+        if (fd == -1) {
+            free(host);
+        }
         return create_local_socket(fd);
     }
     return NULL;
diff --git a/adb/set_verity_enable_state_service.cpp b/adb/set_verity_enable_state_service.cpp
index 253d14a..49e0363 100644
--- a/adb/set_verity_enable_state_service.cpp
+++ b/adb/set_verity_enable_state_service.cpp
@@ -93,21 +93,9 @@
 /* Helper function to get A/B suffix, if any. If the device isn't
  * using A/B the empty string is returned. Otherwise either "_a",
  * "_b", ... is returned.
- *
- * Note that since sometime in O androidboot.slot_suffix is deprecated
- * and androidboot.slot should be used instead. Since bootloaders may
- * be out of sync with the OS, we check both and for extra safety
- * prepend a leading underscore if there isn't one already.
  */
 static std::string get_ab_suffix() {
-    std::string ab_suffix = android::base::GetProperty("ro.boot.slot_suffix", "");
-    if (ab_suffix == "") {
-        ab_suffix = android::base::GetProperty("ro.boot.slot", "");
-    }
-    if (ab_suffix.size() > 0 && ab_suffix[0] != '_') {
-        ab_suffix = std::string("_") + ab_suffix;
-    }
-    return ab_suffix;
+    return android::base::GetProperty("ro.boot.slot_suffix", "");
 }
 
 /* Use AVB to turn verity on/off */
diff --git a/adb/socket.h b/adb/socket.h
index 4acdf4a..64d05a9 100644
--- a/adb/socket.h
+++ b/adb/socket.h
@@ -19,84 +19,83 @@
 
 #include <stddef.h>
 
+#include <memory>
+
 #include "fdevent.h"
 
 struct apacket;
 class atransport;
 
 /* An asocket represents one half of a connection between a local and
-** remote entity.  A local asocket is bound to a file descriptor.  A
-** remote asocket is bound to the protocol engine.
-*/
+ * remote entity.  A local asocket is bound to a file descriptor.  A
+ * remote asocket is bound to the protocol engine.
+ */
 struct asocket {
-        /* chain pointers for the local/remote list of
-        ** asockets that this asocket lives in
-        */
-    asocket *next;
-    asocket *prev;
+    /* chain pointers for the local/remote list of
+     * asockets that this asocket lives in
+     */
+    asocket* next;
+    asocket* prev;
 
-        /* the unique identifier for this asocket
-        */
+    /* the unique identifier for this asocket
+     */
     unsigned id;
 
-        /* flag: set when the socket's peer has closed
-        ** but packets are still queued for delivery
-        */
-    int    closing;
+    /* flag: set when the socket's peer has closed
+     * but packets are still queued for delivery
+     */
+    int closing;
 
     // flag: set when the socket failed to write, so the socket will not wait to
     // write packets and close directly.
     bool has_write_error;
 
-        /* flag: quit adbd when both ends close the
-        ** local service socket
-        */
-    int    exit_on_close;
+    /* flag: quit adbd when both ends close the
+     * local service socket
+     */
+    int exit_on_close;
 
-        /* the asocket we are connected to
-        */
+    // the asocket we are connected to
+    asocket* peer;
 
-    asocket *peer;
-
-        /* For local asockets, the fde is used to bind
-        ** us to our fd event system.  For remote asockets
-        ** these fields are not used.
-        */
+    /* For local asockets, the fde is used to bind
+     * us to our fd event system.  For remote asockets
+     * these fields are not used.
+     */
     fdevent fde;
     int fd;
 
-        /* queue of apackets waiting to be written
-        */
-    apacket *pkt_first;
-    apacket *pkt_last;
+    // queue of apackets waiting to be written
+    apacket* pkt_first;
+    apacket* pkt_last;
 
-        /* enqueue is called by our peer when it has data
-        ** for us.  It should return 0 if we can accept more
-        ** data or 1 if not.  If we return 1, we must call
-        ** peer->ready() when we once again are ready to
-        ** receive data.
-        */
-    int (*enqueue)(asocket *s, apacket *pkt);
+    /* enqueue is called by our peer when it has data
+     * for us.  It should return 0 if we can accept more
+     * data or 1 if not.  If we return 1, we must call
+     * peer->ready() when we once again are ready to
+     * receive data.
+     */
+    int (*enqueue)(asocket* s, apacket* pkt);
 
-        /* ready is called by the peer when it is ready for
-        ** us to send data via enqueue again
-        */
-    void (*ready)(asocket *s);
+    /* ready is called by the peer when it is ready for
+     * us to send data via enqueue again
+     */
+    void (*ready)(asocket* s);
 
-        /* shutdown is called by the peer before it goes away.
-        ** the socket should not do any further calls on its peer.
-        ** Always followed by a call to close. Optional, i.e. can be NULL.
-        */
-    void (*shutdown)(asocket *s);
+    /* shutdown is called by the peer before it goes away.
+     * the socket should not do any further calls on its peer.
+     * Always followed by a call to close. Optional, i.e. can be NULL.
+     */
+    void (*shutdown)(asocket* s);
 
-        /* close is called by the peer when it has gone away.
-        ** we are not allowed to make any further calls on the
-        ** peer once our close method is called.
-        */
-    void (*close)(asocket *s);
+    /* close is called by the peer when it has gone away.
+     * we are not allowed to make any further calls on the
+     * peer once our close method is called.
+     */
+    void (*close)(asocket* s);
 
-        /* A socket is bound to atransport */
-    atransport *transport;
+    /* A socket is bound to atransport */
+    atransport* transport;
 
     size_t get_max_payload() const;
 };
diff --git a/adb/sockets.cpp b/adb/sockets.cpp
index e0143c6..c53fbb4 100644
--- a/adb/sockets.cpp
+++ b/adb/sockets.cpp
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
 }
 
 void remove_socket(asocket* s) {
-    // socket_list_lock should already be held
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(local_socket_list_lock);
     if (s->prev && s->next) {
         s->prev->next = s->next;
         s->next->prev = s->prev;
@@ -430,10 +430,11 @@
 }
 
 #if ADB_HOST
-static asocket* create_host_service_socket(const char* name, const char* serial) {
+static asocket* create_host_service_socket(const char* name, const char* serial,
+                                           TransportId transport_id) {
     asocket* s;
 
-    s = host_service_to_socket(name, serial);
+    s = host_service_to_socket(name, serial, transport_id);
 
     if (s != NULL) {
         D("LS(%d) bound to '%s'", s->id, name);
@@ -658,6 +659,7 @@
 #if ADB_HOST
     char* service = nullptr;
     char* serial = nullptr;
+    TransportId transport_id = 0;
     TransportType type = kTransportAny;
 #endif
 
@@ -715,6 +717,14 @@
             serial = service;
             service = serial_end + 1;
         }
+    } else if (!strncmp(service, "host-transport-id:", strlen("host-transport-id:"))) {
+        service += strlen("host-transport-id:");
+        transport_id = strtoll(service, &service, 10);
+
+        if (*service != ':') {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        service++;
     } else if (!strncmp(service, "host-usb:", strlen("host-usb:"))) {
         type = kTransportUsb;
         service += strlen("host-usb:");
@@ -736,7 +746,7 @@
         ** the OKAY or FAIL message and all we have to do
         ** is clean up.
         */
-        if (handle_host_request(service, type, serial, s->peer->fd, s) == 0) {
+        if (handle_host_request(service, type, serial, transport_id, s->peer->fd, s) == 0) {
             /* XXX fail message? */
             D("SS(%d): handled host service '%s'", s->id, service);
             goto fail;
@@ -751,7 +761,7 @@
         ** if no such service exists, we'll fail out
         ** and tear down here.
         */
-        s2 = create_host_service_socket(service, serial);
+        s2 = create_host_service_socket(service, serial, transport_id);
         if (s2 == 0) {
             D("SS(%d): couldn't create host service '%s'", s->id, service);
             SendFail(s->peer->fd, "unknown host service");
@@ -783,7 +793,7 @@
 #else /* !ADB_HOST */
     if (s->transport == nullptr) {
         std::string error_msg = "unknown failure";
-        s->transport = acquire_one_transport(kTransportAny, nullptr, nullptr, &error_msg);
+        s->transport = acquire_one_transport(kTransportAny, nullptr, 0, nullptr, &error_msg);
         if (s->transport == nullptr) {
             SendFail(s->peer->fd, error_msg);
             goto fail;
diff --git a/adb/sysdeps.h b/adb/sysdeps.h
index 49c7847..0abb680 100644
--- a/adb/sysdeps.h
+++ b/adb/sysdeps.h
@@ -582,18 +582,12 @@
 #ifdef __APPLE__
     return pthread_setname_np(name.c_str());
 #else
-    const char *s = name.c_str();
-
-    // pthread_setname_np fails rather than truncating long strings.
-    const int max_task_comm_len = 16; // including the null terminator
-    if (name.length() > (max_task_comm_len - 1)) {
-        char buf[max_task_comm_len];
-        strncpy(buf, name.c_str(), sizeof(buf) - 1);
-        buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = '\0';
-        s = buf;
-    }
-
-    return pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), s) ;
+    // Both bionic and glibc's pthread_setname_np fails rather than truncating long strings.
+    // glibc doesn't have strlcpy, so we have to fake it.
+    char buf[16];  // MAX_TASK_COMM_LEN, but that's not exported by the kernel headers.
+    strncpy(buf, name.c_str(), sizeof(buf) - 1);
+    buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = '\0';
+    return pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), buf);
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/adb/test_adb.py b/adb/test_adb.py
index cb3e0d8..98c8a59 100644
--- a/adb/test_adb.py
+++ b/adb/test_adb.py
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@
                              stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
         out, _ = p.communicate()
         self.assertEqual(1, p.returncode)
-        self.assertIn('help message', out)
+        self.assertIn('requires an argument', out)
 
         p = subprocess.Popen(['adb', 'tcpip', 'foo'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                              stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
         out, _ = p.communicate()
         self.assertEqual(1, p.returncode)
-        self.assertIn('error', out)
+        self.assertIn('invalid port', out)
 
     # Helper method that reads a pipe until it is closed, then sets the event.
     def _read_pipe_and_set_event(self, pipe, event):
diff --git a/adb/transport.cpp b/adb/transport.cpp
index 2bbbefd..1b597fd 100644
--- a/adb/transport.cpp
+++ b/adb/transport.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@
 #include <android-base/quick_exit.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 
 #include "adb.h"
 #include "adb_auth.h"
@@ -46,10 +48,11 @@
 
 static void transport_unref(atransport *t);
 
+// TODO: unordered_map<TransportId, atransport*>
 static auto& transport_list = *new std::list<atransport*>();
 static auto& pending_list = *new std::list<atransport*>();
 
-static std::mutex& transport_lock = *new std::mutex();
+static auto& transport_lock = *new std::recursive_mutex();
 
 const char* const kFeatureShell2 = "shell_v2";
 const char* const kFeatureCmd = "cmd";
@@ -57,6 +60,11 @@
 const char* const kFeatureLibusb = "libusb";
 const char* const kFeaturePushSync = "push_sync";
 
+TransportId NextTransportId() {
+    static std::atomic<TransportId> next(1);
+    return next++;
+}
+
 static std::string dump_packet(const char* name, const char* func, apacket* p) {
     unsigned command = p->msg.command;
     int len = p->msg.data_length;
@@ -298,9 +306,11 @@
 }
 
 void kick_transport(atransport* t) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(transport_lock);
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(transport_lock);
     // As kick_transport() can be called from threads without guarantee that t is valid,
     // check if the transport is in transport_list first.
+    //
+    // TODO(jmgao): WTF? Is this actually true?
     if (std::find(transport_list.begin(), transport_list.end(), t) != transport_list.end()) {
         t->Kick();
     }
@@ -319,7 +329,8 @@
  */
 struct device_tracker {
     asocket socket;
-    int update_needed;
+    bool update_needed;
+    bool long_output;
     device_tracker* next;
 };
 
@@ -330,7 +341,7 @@
     device_tracker** pnode = &device_tracker_list;
     device_tracker* node = *pnode;
 
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(transport_lock);
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(transport_lock);
     while (node) {
         if (node == tracker) {
             *pnode = node->next;
@@ -376,15 +387,15 @@
 
     // We want to send the device list when the tracker connects
     // for the first time, even if no update occurred.
-    if (tracker->update_needed > 0) {
-        tracker->update_needed = 0;
+    if (tracker->update_needed) {
+        tracker->update_needed = false;
 
-        std::string transports = list_transports(false);
+        std::string transports = list_transports(tracker->long_output);
         device_tracker_send(tracker, transports);
     }
 }
 
-asocket* create_device_tracker(void) {
+asocket* create_device_tracker(bool long_output) {
     device_tracker* tracker = reinterpret_cast<device_tracker*>(calloc(1, sizeof(*tracker)));
     if (tracker == nullptr) fatal("cannot allocate device tracker");
 
@@ -393,7 +404,8 @@
     tracker->socket.enqueue = device_tracker_enqueue;
     tracker->socket.ready = device_tracker_ready;
     tracker->socket.close = device_tracker_close;
-    tracker->update_needed = 1;
+    tracker->update_needed = true;
+    tracker->long_output = long_output;
 
     tracker->next = device_tracker_list;
     device_tracker_list = tracker;
@@ -403,7 +415,7 @@
 
 // Check if all of the USB transports are connected.
 bool iterate_transports(std::function<bool(const atransport*)> fn) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(transport_lock);
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(transport_lock);
     for (const auto& t : transport_list) {
         if (!fn(t)) {
             return false;
@@ -507,7 +519,7 @@
         adb_close(t->fd);
 
         {
-            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(transport_lock);
+            std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(transport_lock);
             transport_list.remove(t);
         }
 
@@ -546,7 +558,7 @@
     }
 
     {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(transport_lock);
+        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(transport_lock);
         pending_list.remove(t);
         transport_list.push_front(t);
     }
@@ -573,7 +585,7 @@
 
 void kick_all_transports() {
     // To avoid only writing part of a packet to a transport after exit, kick all transports.
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(transport_lock);
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(transport_lock);
     for (auto t : transport_list) {
         t->Kick();
     }
@@ -603,15 +615,15 @@
 static void transport_unref(atransport* t) {
     CHECK(t != nullptr);
 
-    size_t old_refcount = t->ref_count--;
-    CHECK_GT(old_refcount, 0u);
-
-    if (old_refcount == 1u) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(transport_lock);
+    CHECK_GT(t->ref_count, 0u);
+    t->ref_count--;
+    if (t->ref_count == 0) {
         D("transport: %s unref (kicking and closing)", t->serial);
         t->close(t);
         remove_transport(t);
     } else {
-        D("transport: %s unref (count=%zu)", t->serial, old_refcount - 1);
+        D("transport: %s unref (count=%zu)", t->serial, t->ref_count);
     }
 }
 
@@ -638,11 +650,15 @@
     return !*to_test;
 }
 
-atransport* acquire_one_transport(TransportType type, const char* serial, bool* is_ambiguous,
-                                  std::string* error_out, bool accept_any_state) {
+atransport* acquire_one_transport(TransportType type, const char* serial, TransportId transport_id,
+                                  bool* is_ambiguous, std::string* error_out,
+                                  bool accept_any_state) {
     atransport* result = nullptr;
 
-    if (serial) {
+    if (transport_id != 0) {
+        *error_out =
+            android::base::StringPrintf("no device with transport id '%" PRIu64 "'", transport_id);
+    } else if (serial) {
         *error_out = android::base::StringPrintf("device '%s' not found", serial);
     } else if (type == kTransportLocal) {
         *error_out = "no emulators found";
@@ -652,7 +668,7 @@
         *error_out = "no devices found";
     }
 
-    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(transport_lock);
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(transport_lock);
     for (const auto& t : transport_list) {
         if (t->GetConnectionState() == kCsNoPerm) {
 #if ADB_HOST
@@ -661,8 +677,12 @@
             continue;
         }
 
-        // Check for matching serial number.
-        if (serial) {
+        if (transport_id) {
+            if (t->id == transport_id) {
+                result = t;
+                break;
+            }
+        } else if (serial) {
             if (t->MatchesTarget(serial)) {
                 if (result) {
                     *error_out = "more than one device";
@@ -889,18 +909,23 @@
 
 #if ADB_HOST
 
+// We use newline as our delimiter, make sure to never output it.
+static std::string sanitize(std::string str, bool alphanumeric) {
+    auto pred = alphanumeric ? [](const char c) { return !isalnum(c); }
+                             : [](const char c) { return c == '\n'; };
+    std::replace_if(str.begin(), str.end(), pred, '_');
+    return str;
+}
+
 static void append_transport_info(std::string* result, const char* key, const char* value,
-                                  bool sanitize) {
+                                  bool alphanumeric) {
     if (value == nullptr || *value == '\0') {
         return;
     }
 
     *result += ' ';
     *result += key;
-
-    for (const char* p = value; *p; ++p) {
-        result->push_back((!sanitize || isalnum(*p)) ? *p : '_');
-    }
+    *result += sanitize(value, alphanumeric);
 }
 
 static void append_transport(const atransport* t, std::string* result, bool long_listing) {
@@ -920,6 +945,11 @@
         append_transport_info(result, "product:", t->product, false);
         append_transport_info(result, "model:", t->model, true);
         append_transport_info(result, "device:", t->device, false);
+
+        // Put id at the end, so that anyone parsing the output here can always find it by scanning
+        // backwards from newlines, even with hypothetical devices named 'transport_id:1'.
+        *result += " transport_id:";
+        *result += std::to_string(t->id);
     }
     *result += '\n';
 }
@@ -927,7 +957,7 @@
 std::string list_transports(bool long_listing) {
     std::string result;
 
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(transport_lock);
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(transport_lock);
     for (const auto& t : transport_list) {
         append_transport(t, &result, long_listing);
     }
@@ -935,7 +965,7 @@
 }
 
 void close_usb_devices(std::function<bool(const atransport*)> predicate) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(transport_lock);
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(transport_lock);
     for (auto& t : transport_list) {
         if (predicate(t)) {
             t->Kick();
@@ -964,7 +994,7 @@
         return -1;
     }
 
-    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(transport_lock);
+    std::unique_lock<std::recursive_mutex> lock(transport_lock);
     for (const auto& transport : pending_list) {
         if (transport->serial && strcmp(serial, transport->serial) == 0) {
             VLOG(TRANSPORT) << "socket transport " << transport->serial
@@ -996,7 +1026,7 @@
 atransport* find_transport(const char* serial) {
     atransport* result = nullptr;
 
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(transport_lock);
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(transport_lock);
     for (auto& t : transport_list) {
         if (t->serial && strcmp(serial, t->serial) == 0) {
             result = t;
@@ -1008,7 +1038,7 @@
 }
 
 void kick_all_tcp_devices() {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(transport_lock);
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(transport_lock);
     for (auto& t : transport_list) {
         if (t->IsTcpDevice()) {
             // Kicking breaks the read_transport thread of this transport out of any read, then
@@ -1037,7 +1067,7 @@
     }
 
     {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(transport_lock);
+        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(transport_lock);
         pending_list.push_front(t);
     }
 
@@ -1046,7 +1076,7 @@
 
 // This should only be used for transports with connection_state == kCsNoPerm.
 void unregister_usb_transport(usb_handle* usb) {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(transport_lock);
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(transport_lock);
     transport_list.remove_if(
         [usb](atransport* t) { return t->usb == usb && t->GetConnectionState() == kCsNoPerm; });
 }
diff --git a/adb/transport.h b/adb/transport.h
index 4a89ed9..374bfc3 100644
--- a/adb/transport.h
+++ b/adb/transport.h
@@ -54,14 +54,17 @@
 // The server supports `push --sync`.
 extern const char* const kFeaturePushSync;
 
+TransportId NextTransportId();
+
 class atransport {
-public:
+  public:
     // TODO(danalbert): We expose waaaaaaay too much stuff because this was
     // historically just a struct, but making the whole thing a more idiomatic
     // class in one go is a very large change. Given how bad our testing is,
     // it's better to do this piece by piece.
 
-    atransport(ConnectionState state = kCsOffline) : ref_count(0), connection_state_(state) {
+    atransport(ConnectionState state = kCsOffline)
+        : id(NextTransportId()), connection_state_(state) {
         transport_fde = {};
         protocol_version = A_VERSION;
         max_payload = MAX_PAYLOAD;
@@ -72,12 +75,8 @@
     void (*close)(atransport* t) = nullptr;
 
     void SetWriteFunction(int (*write_func)(apacket*, atransport*)) { write_func_ = write_func; }
-    void SetKickFunction(void (*kick_func)(atransport*)) {
-        kick_func_ = kick_func;
-    }
-    bool IsKicked() {
-        return kicked_;
-    }
+    void SetKickFunction(void (*kick_func)(atransport*)) { kick_func_ = kick_func; }
+    bool IsKicked() { return kicked_; }
     int Write(apacket* p);
     void Kick();
 
@@ -85,10 +84,11 @@
     ConnectionState GetConnectionState() const;
     void SetConnectionState(ConnectionState state);
 
+    const TransportId id;
     int fd = -1;
     int transport_socket = -1;
     fdevent transport_fde;
-    std::atomic<size_t> ref_count;
+    size_t ref_count = 0;
     uint32_t sync_token = 0;
     bool online = false;
     TransportType type = kTransportAny;
@@ -191,12 +191,14 @@
 /*
  * Obtain a transport from the available transports.
  * If serial is non-null then only the device with that serial will be chosen.
+ * If transport_id is non-zero then only the device with that transport ID will be chosen.
  * If multiple devices/emulators would match, *is_ambiguous (if non-null)
  * is set to true and nullptr returned.
  * If no suitable transport is found, error is set and nullptr returned.
  */
-atransport* acquire_one_transport(TransportType type, const char* serial, bool* is_ambiguous,
-                                  std::string* error_out, bool accept_any_state = false);
+atransport* acquire_one_transport(TransportType type, const char* serial, TransportId transport_id,
+                                  bool* is_ambiguous, std::string* error_out,
+                                  bool accept_any_state = false);
 void kick_transport(atransport* t);
 void update_transports(void);
 
@@ -231,6 +233,6 @@
 
 void send_packet(apacket* p, atransport* t);
 
-asocket* create_device_tracker(void);
+asocket* create_device_tracker(bool long_output);
 
 #endif   /* __TRANSPORT_H */
diff --git a/adb/transport_usb.cpp b/adb/transport_usb.cpp
index 2f46920..6768d31 100644
--- a/adb/transport_usb.cpp
+++ b/adb/transport_usb.cpp
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@
     D("UsbReadMessage");
 
     size_t usb_packet_size = usb_get_max_packet_size(h);
-    CHECK(usb_packet_size >= sizeof(*msg));
-    CHECK(usb_packet_size < 4096);
+    CHECK_GE(usb_packet_size, sizeof(*msg));
+    CHECK_LT(usb_packet_size, 4096ULL);
 
     char buffer[4096];
     int n = usb_read(h, buffer, usb_packet_size);
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
     D("UsbReadPayload(%d)", p->msg.data_length);
 
     size_t usb_packet_size = usb_get_max_packet_size(h);
-    CHECK(sizeof(p->data) % usb_packet_size == 0);
+    CHECK_EQ(0ULL, sizeof(p->data) % usb_packet_size);
 
     // Round the data length up to the nearest packet size boundary.
     // The device won't send a zero packet for packet size aligned payloads,
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
     if (rem_size) {
         len += usb_packet_size - rem_size;
     }
-    CHECK(len <= sizeof(p->data));
+    CHECK_LE(len, sizeof(p->data));
     return usb_read(h, &p->data, len);
 }
 
@@ -120,24 +120,24 @@
 static int remote_read(apacket *p, atransport *t)
 {
     if (usb_read(t->usb, &p->msg, sizeof(amessage))) {
-        D("remote usb: read terminated (message)");
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "remote usb: read terminated (message)";
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (!check_header(p, t)) {
-        D("remote usb: check_header failed");
+        LOG(ERROR) << "remote usb: check_header failed";
         return -1;
     }
 
     if (p->msg.data_length) {
         if (usb_read(t->usb, p->data, p->msg.data_length)) {
-            D("remote usb: terminated (data)");
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "remote usb: terminated (data)";
             return -1;
         }
     }
 
     if (!check_data(p)) {
-        D("remote usb: check_data failed");
+        LOG(ERROR) << "remote usb: check_data failed";
         return -1;
     }
 
@@ -150,12 +150,12 @@
     unsigned size = p->msg.data_length;
 
     if (usb_write(t->usb, &p->msg, sizeof(amessage))) {
-        D("remote usb: 1 - write terminated");
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "remote usb: 1 - write terminated";
         return -1;
     }
-    if(p->msg.data_length == 0) return 0;
+    if (p->msg.data_length == 0) return 0;
     if (usb_write(t->usb, &p->data, size)) {
-        D("remote usb: 2 - write terminated");
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "remote usb: 2 - write terminated";
         return -1;
     }
 
diff --git a/base/Android.bp b/base/Android.bp
index b636dc3..82aee2a 100644
--- a/base/Android.bp
+++ b/base/Android.bp
@@ -39,8 +39,11 @@
 cc_library {
     name: "libbase",
     vendor_available: true,
-    clang: true,
     host_supported: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+        support_system_process: true,
+    },
     srcs: [
         "file.cpp",
         "logging.cpp",
@@ -109,7 +112,6 @@
 cc_test {
     name: "libbase_test",
     host_supported: true,
-    clang: true,
     srcs: [
         "endian_test.cpp",
         "errors_test.cpp",
diff --git a/base/chrono_utils.cpp b/base/chrono_utils.cpp
index 5eedf3b..b6bf701 100644
--- a/base/chrono_utils.cpp
+++ b/base/chrono_utils.cpp
@@ -33,5 +33,10 @@
 #endif  // __ANDROID__
 }
 
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Timer& t) {
+  os << t.duration().count() << "ms";
+  return os;
+}
+
 }  // namespace base
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/base/chrono_utils_test.cpp b/base/chrono_utils_test.cpp
index 057132d..da442f4 100644
--- a/base/chrono_utils_test.cpp
+++ b/base/chrono_utils_test.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@
 #include <time.h>
 
 #include <chrono>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
@@ -42,5 +45,36 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(now, boot_seconds);
 }
 
+template <typename T>
+void ExpectAboutEqual(T expected, T actual) {
+  auto expected_upper_bound = expected * 1.05f;
+  auto expected_lower_bound = expected * .95;
+  EXPECT_GT(expected_upper_bound, actual);
+  EXPECT_LT(expected_lower_bound, actual);
+}
+
+TEST(ChronoUtilsTest, TimerDurationIsSane) {
+  auto start = boot_clock::now();
+  Timer t;
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(50ms);
+  auto stop = boot_clock::now();
+  auto stop_timer = t.duration();
+
+  auto expected = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(stop - start);
+  ExpectAboutEqual(expected, stop_timer);
+}
+
+TEST(ChronoUtilsTest, TimerOstream) {
+  Timer t;
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(50ms);
+  auto stop_timer = t.duration().count();
+  std::stringstream os;
+  os << t;
+  decltype(stop_timer) stop_timer_from_stream;
+  os >> stop_timer_from_stream;
+  EXPECT_NE(0, stop_timer);
+  ExpectAboutEqual(stop_timer, stop_timer_from_stream);
+}
+
 }  // namespace base
-}  // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/base/file.cpp b/base/file.cpp
index a2f2887..2f697a1 100644
--- a/base/file.cpp
+++ b/base/file.cpp
@@ -153,6 +153,37 @@
   return true;
 }
 
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+// Windows implementation of pread. Note that this DOES move the file descriptors read position,
+// but it does so atomically.
+static ssize_t pread(int fd, void* data, size_t byte_count, off64_t offset) {
+  DWORD bytes_read;
+  OVERLAPPED overlapped;
+  memset(&overlapped, 0, sizeof(OVERLAPPED));
+  overlapped.Offset = static_cast<DWORD>(offset);
+  overlapped.OffsetHigh = static_cast<DWORD>(offset >> 32);
+  if (!ReadFile(reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(_get_osfhandle(fd)), data, static_cast<DWORD>(byte_count),
+                &bytes_read, &overlapped)) {
+    // In case someone tries to read errno (since this is masquerading as a POSIX call)
+    errno = EIO;
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return static_cast<ssize_t>(bytes_read);
+}
+#endif
+
+bool ReadFullyAtOffset(int fd, void* data, size_t byte_count, off64_t offset) {
+  uint8_t* p = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(data);
+  while (byte_count > 0) {
+    ssize_t n = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread(fd, p, byte_count, offset));
+    if (n <= 0) return false;
+    p += n;
+    byte_count -= n;
+    offset += n;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 bool WriteFully(int fd, const void* data, size_t byte_count) {
   const uint8_t* p = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(data);
   size_t remaining = byte_count;
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/chrono_utils.h b/base/include/android-base/chrono_utils.h
index 0086425..7679d4c 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/chrono_utils.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/chrono_utils.h
@@ -18,6 +18,9 @@
 #define ANDROID_BASE_CHRONO_UTILS_H
 
 #include <chrono>
+#include <sstream>
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
 namespace android {
 namespace base {
@@ -31,6 +34,20 @@
   static time_point now();
 };
 
+class Timer {
+ public:
+  Timer() : start_(boot_clock::now()) {}
+
+  std::chrono::milliseconds duration() const {
+    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(boot_clock::now() - start_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  boot_clock::time_point start_;
+};
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Timer& t);
+
 }  // namespace base
 }  // namespace android
 
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/file.h b/base/include/android-base/file.h
index 651f529..667d6fb 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/file.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/file.h
@@ -18,12 +18,18 @@
 #define ANDROID_BASE_FILE_H
 
 #include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <string>
 
 #if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(O_BINARY)
 #define O_BINARY 0
 #endif
 
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+/* Mac OS has always had a 64-bit off_t, so it doesn't have off64_t. */
+typedef off_t off64_t;
+#endif
+
 namespace android {
 namespace base {
 
@@ -42,6 +48,17 @@
 #endif
 
 bool ReadFully(int fd, void* data, size_t byte_count);
+
+// Reads `byte_count` bytes from the file descriptor at the specified offset.
+// Returns false if there was an IO error or EOF was reached before reading `byte_count` bytes.
+//
+// NOTE: On Linux/Mac, this function wraps pread, which provides atomic read support without
+// modifying the read pointer of the file descriptor. On Windows, however, the read pointer does
+// get modified. This means that ReadFullyAtOffset can be used concurrently with other calls to the
+// same function, but concurrently seeking or reading incrementally can lead to unexpected
+// behavior.
+bool ReadFullyAtOffset(int fd, void* data, size_t byte_count, off64_t offset);
+
 bool WriteFully(int fd, const void* data, size_t byte_count);
 
 bool RemoveFileIfExists(const std::string& path, std::string* err = nullptr);
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/logging.h b/base/include/android-base/logging.h
index 548b286..f18cc0c 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/logging.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/logging.h
@@ -438,4 +438,14 @@
 }  // namespace base
 }  // namespace android
 
+namespace std {
+
+// Delete << with string* to avoid mistakes. The intention was most likely to print *string.
+// If you really want to print the pointer, consider static_cast<void*>.
+//
+// Note: for this to work, we need to have this in a namespace.
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const std::string* string_pointer) = delete;
+
+}  // namespace std
+
 #endif  // ANDROID_BASE_LOGGING_H
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/macros.h b/base/include/android-base/macros.h
index 88bbe8a..25f2ff4 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/macros.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/macros.h
@@ -179,4 +179,19 @@
   } while (0)
 #endif
 
+// Current ABI string
+#if defined(__arm__)
+#define ABI_STRING "arm"
+#elif defined(__aarch64__)
+#define ABI_STRING "arm64"
+#elif defined(__i386__)
+#define ABI_STRING "x86"
+#elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#define ABI_STRING "x86_64"
+#elif defined(__mips__) && !defined(__LP64__)
+#define ABI_STRING "mips"
+#elif defined(__mips__) && defined(__LP64__)
+#define ABI_STRING "mips64"
+#endif
+
 #endif  // ANDROID_BASE_MACROS_H
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/test_utils.h b/base/include/android-base/test_utils.h
index c0bf0c1..07a5edd 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/test_utils.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/test_utils.h
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@
   TemporaryFile();
   ~TemporaryFile();
 
+  // Release the ownership of fd, caller is reponsible for closing the
+  // fd or stream properly.
+  int release();
+
   int fd;
   char path[1024];
 
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/unique_fd.h b/base/include/android-base/unique_fd.h
index 6cfcfcd..5d89271 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/unique_fd.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/unique_fd.h
@@ -17,6 +17,13 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_BASE_UNIQUE_FD_H
 #define ANDROID_BASE_UNIQUE_FD_H
 
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32)
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 // DO NOT INCLUDE OTHER LIBBASE HEADERS!
@@ -88,6 +95,49 @@
 
 using unique_fd = unique_fd_impl<DefaultCloser>;
 
+#if !defined(_WIN32)
+
+// Inline functions, so that they can be used header-only.
+inline bool Pipe(unique_fd* read, unique_fd* write) {
+  int pipefd[2];
+
+#if defined(__linux__)
+  if (pipe2(pipefd, O_CLOEXEC) != 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+#else  // defined(__APPLE__)
+  if (pipe(pipefd) != 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (fcntl(pipefd[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) != 0 || fcntl(pipefd[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) != 0) {
+    close(pipefd[0]);
+    close(pipefd[1]);
+    return false;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  read->reset(pipefd[0]);
+  write->reset(pipefd[1]);
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline bool Socketpair(int domain, int type, int protocol, unique_fd* left, unique_fd* right) {
+  int sockfd[2];
+  if (socketpair(domain, type, protocol, sockfd) != 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  left->reset(sockfd[0]);
+  right->reset(sockfd[1]);
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline bool Socketpair(int type, unique_fd* left, unique_fd* right) {
+  return Socketpair(AF_UNIX, type, 0, left, right);
+}
+
+#endif  // !defined(_WIN32)
+
 }  // namespace base
 }  // namespace android
 
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/utf8.h b/base/include/android-base/utf8.h
index 2d5a6f6..c9cc1ab 100755
--- a/base/include/android-base/utf8.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/utf8.h
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 #else
 // Bring in prototypes for standard APIs so that we can import them into the utf8 namespace.
 #include <fcntl.h>      // open
+#include <stdio.h>      // fopen
+#include <sys/stat.h>   // mkdir
 #include <unistd.h>     // unlink
 #endif
 
@@ -53,6 +55,19 @@
 // Convert a UTF-8 std::string (including any embedded NULL characters) to
 // UTF-16. Returns whether the conversion was done successfully.
 bool UTF8ToWide(const std::string& utf8, std::wstring* utf16);
+
+// Convert a file system path, represented as a NULL-terminated string of
+// UTF-8 characters, to a UTF-16 string representing the same file system
+// path using the Windows extended-lengh path representation.
+//
+// See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx#MAXPATH:
+//   ```The Windows API has many functions that also have Unicode versions to
+//   permit an extended-length path for a maximum total path length of 32,767
+//   characters. To specify an extended-length path, use the "\\?\" prefix.
+//   For example, "\\?\D:\very long path".```
+//
+// Returns whether the conversion was done successfully.
+bool UTF8PathToWindowsLongPath(const char* utf8, std::wstring* utf16);
 #endif
 
 // The functions in the utf8 namespace take UTF-8 strings. For Windows, these
@@ -73,9 +88,13 @@
 namespace utf8 {
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
+FILE* fopen(const char* name, const char* mode);
+int mkdir(const char* name, mode_t mode);
 int open(const char* name, int flags, ...);
 int unlink(const char* name);
 #else
+using ::fopen;
+using ::mkdir;
 using ::open;
 using ::unlink;
 #endif
diff --git a/base/test_utils.cpp b/base/test_utils.cpp
index 636477d..1cfa9e6 100644
--- a/base/test_utils.cpp
+++ b/base/test_utils.cpp
@@ -85,10 +85,18 @@
 }
 
 TemporaryFile::~TemporaryFile() {
-  close(fd);
+  if (fd != -1) {
+    close(fd);
+  }
   unlink(path);
 }
 
+int TemporaryFile::release() {
+  int result = fd;
+  fd = -1;
+  return result;
+}
+
 void TemporaryFile::init(const std::string& tmp_dir) {
   snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s%cTemporaryFile-XXXXXX", tmp_dir.c_str(),
            OS_PATH_SEPARATOR);
diff --git a/base/utf8.cpp b/base/utf8.cpp
index 3cca700..5984fb0 100644
--- a/base/utf8.cpp
+++ b/base/utf8.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@
 #include "android-base/utf8.h"
 
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <string>
 
 #include "android-base/logging.h"
@@ -153,12 +155,58 @@
   return UTF8ToWide(utf8.c_str(), utf8.length(), utf16);
 }
 
+static bool isDriveLetter(wchar_t c) {
+  return (c >= L'a' && c <= L'z') || (c >= L'A' && c <= L'Z');
+}
+
+bool UTF8PathToWindowsLongPath(const char* utf8, std::wstring* utf16) {
+  if (!UTF8ToWide(utf8, utf16)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Note: Although most Win32 File I/O API are limited to MAX_PATH (260
+  //       characters), the CreateDirectory API is limited to 248 characters.
+  if (utf16->length() >= 248) {
+    // If path is of the form "x:\" or "x:/"
+    if (isDriveLetter((*utf16)[0]) && (*utf16)[1] == L':' &&
+        ((*utf16)[2] == L'\\' || (*utf16)[2] == L'/')) {
+      // Append long path prefix, and make sure there are no unix-style
+      // separators to ensure a fully compliant Win32 long path string.
+      utf16->insert(0, LR"(\\?\)");
+      std::replace(utf16->begin(), utf16->end(), L'/', L'\\');
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 // Versions of standard library APIs that support UTF-8 strings.
 namespace utf8 {
 
+FILE* fopen(const char* name, const char* mode) {
+  std::wstring name_utf16;
+  if (!UTF8PathToWindowsLongPath(name, &name_utf16)) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  std::wstring mode_utf16;
+  if (!UTF8ToWide(mode, &mode_utf16)) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  return _wfopen(name_utf16.c_str(), mode_utf16.c_str());
+}
+
+int mkdir(const char* name, mode_t mode) {
+  std::wstring name_utf16;
+  if (!UTF8PathToWindowsLongPath(name, &name_utf16)) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  return _wmkdir(name_utf16.c_str());
+}
+
 int open(const char* name, int flags, ...) {
   std::wstring name_utf16;
-  if (!UTF8ToWide(name, &name_utf16)) {
+  if (!UTF8PathToWindowsLongPath(name, &name_utf16)) {
     return -1;
   }
 
@@ -175,7 +223,7 @@
 
 int unlink(const char* name) {
   std::wstring name_utf16;
-  if (!UTF8ToWide(name, &name_utf16)) {
+  if (!UTF8PathToWindowsLongPath(name, &name_utf16)) {
     return -1;
   }
 
diff --git a/base/utf8_test.cpp b/base/utf8_test.cpp
index ae8fc8c..fcb25c3 100644
--- a/base/utf8_test.cpp
+++ b/base/utf8_test.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,12 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
 #include "android-base/macros.h"
+#include "android-base/test_utils.h"
+#include "android-base/unique_fd.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace base {
@@ -408,5 +413,76 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(expected_null, SysUTF8ToWide(utf8_null));
 }
 
+TEST(UTF8PathToWindowsLongPathTest, DontAddPrefixIfShorterThanMaxPath) {
+  std::string utf8 = "c:\\mypath\\myfile.txt";
+
+  std::wstring wide;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(UTF8PathToWindowsLongPath(utf8.c_str(), &wide));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string::npos, wide.find(LR"(\\?\)"));
+}
+
+TEST(UTF8PathToWindowsLongPathTest, AddPrefixIfLongerThanMaxPath) {
+  std::string utf8 = "c:\\mypath";
+  while (utf8.length() < 300 /* MAX_PATH is 260 */) {
+    utf8 += "\\mypathsegment";
+  }
+
+  std::wstring wide;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(UTF8PathToWindowsLongPath(utf8.c_str(), &wide));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, wide.find(LR"(\\?\)"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string::npos, wide.find(L"/"));
+}
+
+TEST(UTF8PathToWindowsLongPathTest, AddPrefixAndFixSeparatorsIfLongerThanMaxPath) {
+  std::string utf8 = "c:/mypath";
+  while (utf8.length() < 300 /* MAX_PATH is 260 */) {
+    utf8 += "/mypathsegment";
+  }
+
+  std::wstring wide;
+  EXPECT_TRUE(UTF8PathToWindowsLongPath(utf8.c_str(), &wide));
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, wide.find(LR"(\\?\)"));
+  EXPECT_EQ(std::string::npos, wide.find(L"/"));
+}
+
+namespace utf8 {
+
+TEST(Utf8FilesTest, CanCreateOpenAndDeleteFileWithLongPath) {
+  TemporaryDir td;
+
+  // Create long directory path
+  std::string utf8 = td.path;
+  while (utf8.length() < 300 /* MAX_PATH is 260 */) {
+    utf8 += "\\mypathsegment";
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, mkdir(utf8.c_str(), 0));
+  }
+
+  // Create file
+  utf8 += "\\test-file.bin";
+  int flags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_BINARY;
+  int mode = 0666;
+  android::base::unique_fd fd(open(utf8.c_str(), flags, mode));
+  EXPECT_NE(-1, fd.get());
+
+  // Close file
+  fd.reset();
+  EXPECT_EQ(-1, fd.get());
+
+  // Open file with fopen
+  FILE* file = fopen(utf8.c_str(), "rb");
+  EXPECT_NE(nullptr, file);
+
+  if (file) {
+    fclose(file);
+  }
+
+  // Delete file
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, unlink(utf8.c_str()));
+}
+
+}  // namespace utf8
 }  // namespace base
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/bootstat/Android.bp b/bootstat/Android.bp
index bc90a6e..6734f4d 100644
--- a/bootstat/Android.bp
+++ b/bootstat/Android.bp
@@ -32,9 +32,6 @@
         "liblog",
         "libmetricslogger",
     ],
-    whole_static_libs: ["libgtest_prod"],
-    // Clang is required because of C++14
-    clang: true,
 }
 
 // bootstat static library
@@ -66,6 +63,7 @@
     name: "bootstat",
     defaults: ["bootstat_defaults"],
     static_libs: ["libbootstat"],
+    shared_libs: ["liblogcat"],
     init_rc: ["bootstat.rc"],
     srcs: ["bootstat.cpp"],
 }
diff --git a/bootstat/boot_event_record_store.cpp b/bootstat/boot_event_record_store.cpp
index 99d9405..e2a4b04 100644
--- a/bootstat/boot_event_record_store.cpp
+++ b/bootstat/boot_event_record_store.cpp
@@ -58,16 +58,15 @@
 }
 
 void BootEventRecordStore::AddBootEvent(const std::string& event) {
-    auto uptime = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(
-        android::base::boot_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
-    AddBootEventWithValue(event, uptime.count());
+  auto uptime = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(
+      android::base::boot_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
+  AddBootEventWithValue(event, uptime.count());
 }
 
 // The implementation of AddBootEventValue makes use of the mtime file
 // attribute to store the value associated with a boot event in order to
 // optimize on-disk size requirements and small-file thrashing.
-void BootEventRecordStore::AddBootEventWithValue(
-    const std::string& event, int32_t value) {
+void BootEventRecordStore::AddBootEventWithValue(const std::string& event, int32_t value) {
   std::string record_path = GetBootEventPath(event);
   int record_fd = creat(record_path.c_str(), S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
   if (record_fd == -1) {
@@ -96,8 +95,7 @@
   close(record_fd);
 }
 
-bool BootEventRecordStore::GetBootEvent(
-    const std::string& event, BootEventRecord* record) const {
+bool BootEventRecordStore::GetBootEvent(const std::string& event, BootEventRecord* record) const {
   CHECK_NE(static_cast<BootEventRecord*>(nullptr), record);
   CHECK(!event.empty());
 
@@ -112,8 +110,7 @@
   return true;
 }
 
-std::vector<BootEventRecordStore::BootEventRecord> BootEventRecordStore::
-    GetAllBootEvents() const {
+std::vector<BootEventRecordStore::BootEventRecord> BootEventRecordStore::GetAllBootEvents() const {
   std::vector<BootEventRecord> events;
 
   std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> dir(opendir(store_path_.c_str()), closedir);
@@ -147,8 +144,7 @@
   store_path_ = path;
 }
 
-std::string BootEventRecordStore::GetBootEventPath(
-    const std::string& event) const {
+std::string BootEventRecordStore::GetBootEventPath(const std::string& event) const {
   DCHECK_EQ('/', store_path_.back());
   return store_path_ + event;
 }
diff --git a/bootstat/boot_event_record_store.h b/bootstat/boot_event_record_store.h
index a2b8318..f872c85 100644
--- a/bootstat/boot_event_record_store.h
+++ b/bootstat/boot_event_record_store.h
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@
 #ifndef BOOT_EVENT_RECORD_STORE_H_
 #define BOOT_EVENT_RECORD_STORE_H_
 
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest_prod.h>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
-#include <android-base/macros.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest_prod.h>
 
 // BootEventRecordStore manages the persistence of boot events to the record
 // store and the retrieval of all boot event records from the store.
diff --git a/bootstat/boot_event_record_store_test.cpp b/bootstat/boot_event_record_store_test.cpp
index d98169b..4b7ab36 100644
--- a/bootstat/boot_event_record_store_test.cpp
+++ b/bootstat/boot_event_record_store_test.cpp
@@ -94,20 +94,16 @@
 
 // Returns the time in seconds since boot.
 time_t GetUptimeSeconds() {
-    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(
-               android::base::boot_clock::now().time_since_epoch())
-        .count();
+  return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(
+             android::base::boot_clock::now().time_since_epoch())
+      .count();
 }
 
 class BootEventRecordStoreTest : public ::testing::Test {
  public:
-  BootEventRecordStoreTest() {
-    store_path_ = std::string(store_dir_.path) + "/";
-  }
+  BootEventRecordStoreTest() { store_path_ = std::string(store_dir_.path) + "/"; }
 
-  const std::string& GetStorePathForTesting() const {
-    return store_path_;
-  }
+  const std::string& GetStorePathForTesting() const { return store_path_; }
 
  private:
   void TearDown() {
@@ -159,9 +155,7 @@
   store.AddBootEvent("triassic");
 
   const std::string EXPECTED_NAMES[] = {
-    "cretaceous",
-    "jurassic",
-    "triassic",
+      "cretaceous", "jurassic", "triassic",
   };
 
   auto events = store.GetAllBootEvents();
diff --git a/bootstat/boot_reason_test.sh b/bootstat/boot_reason_test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..b76011a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/bootstat/boot_reason_test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,755 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+#
+# Bootstat boot reason tests
+#
+# throughout testing:
+# - manual tests can only run on eng/userdebug builds
+# - watch adb logcat -b all -d -s bootstat
+# - watch adb logcat -b all -d | audit2allow
+# - wait until screen is up, boot has completed, can mean wait for
+#   sys.boot_completed=1 and sys.logbootcomplete=1 to be true
+#
+# All test frames, and nothing else, must be function names prefixed and
+# specifiged with the pattern 'test_<test>() {' as this is also how the
+# script discovers the full list of tests by inspecting its own code.
+#
+
+# Helper variables
+
+SPACE=" "
+ESCAPE=""
+TAB="	"
+GREEN="${ESCAPE}[38;5;40m"
+RED="${ESCAPE}[38;5;196m"
+NORMAL="${ESCAPE}[0m"
+
+# Helper functions
+
+[ "USAGE: inFastboot
+
+Returns: true if device is in fastboot mode" ]
+inFastboot() {
+  fastboot devices | grep "^${ANDROID_SERIAL}[${SPACE}${TAB}]" > /dev/null
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: format_duration <seconds>
+
+human readable output whole seconds, whole minutes or mm:ss" ]
+format_duration() {
+  if [ -z "${1}" ]; then
+    echo unknown
+    return
+  fi
+  seconds=`expr ${1} % 60`
+  minutes=`expr ${1} / 60`
+  if [ 0 -eq ${minutes} ]; then
+    if [ 1 -eq ${1} ]; then
+      echo 1 second
+      return
+    fi
+    echo ${1} seconds
+    return
+  elif [ 60 -eq ${1} ]; then
+    echo 1 minute
+    return
+  elif [ 0 -eq ${seconds} ]; then
+    echo ${minutes} minutes
+    return
+  fi
+  echo ${minutes}:`expr ${seconds} / 10``expr ${seconds} % 10`
+}
+
+wait_for_screen_timeout=900
+[ "USAGE: wait_for_screen [-n] [TIMEOUT]
+
+-n - echo newline at exit
+TIMEOUT - default `format_duration ${wait_for_screen_timeout}`" ]
+wait_for_screen() {
+  exit_function=true
+  if [ X"-n" = X"${1}" ]; then
+    exit_function=echo
+    shift
+  fi
+  timeout=${wait_for_screen_timeout}
+  if [ ${#} -gt 0 ]; then
+    timeout=${1}
+    shift
+  fi
+  counter=0
+  while true; do
+    [ 0 = ${counter} ] ||
+      adb wait-for-device </dev/null >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
+    vals=`adb shell getprop </dev/null 2>/dev/null |
+          sed -n 's/[[]sys[.]\(boot_completed\|logbootcomplete\)[]]: [[]\([01]\)[]]$/\1=\2/p'`
+    [ 0 = ${counter} ] ||
+      sleep 1
+    if [ "${vals}" = "`echo boot_completed=1 ; echo logbootcomplete=1`" ]; then
+      break
+    fi
+    if [ "${vals}" = "`echo logbootcomplete=1 ; echo boot_completed=1`" ]; then
+      break
+    fi
+    counter=`expr ${counter} + 1`
+    if [ ${counter} -gt ${timeout} ]; then
+      ${exit_function}
+      echo "ERROR: wait_for_screen() timed out (`format_duration ${timeout}`)" >&2
+      return 1
+    fi
+  done
+  ${exit_function}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: EXPECT_EQ <lval> <rval> [message]
+
+Returns true if (regex) lval matches rval" ]
+EXPECT_EQ() {
+  lval="${1}"
+  rval="${2}"
+  shift 2
+  if ! ( echo X"${rval}" | grep '^X'"${lval}"'$' >/dev/null 2>/dev/null ); then
+    echo "ERROR: expected \"${lval}\" got \"${rval}\"" >&2
+    if [ -n "${*}" ] ; then
+      echo "       ${*}" >&2
+    fi
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if [ -n "${*}" ] ; then
+    if [ X"${lval}" != X"${rval}" ]; then
+      echo "INFO: ok \"${lval}\"(=\"${rval}\") ${*}" >&2
+    else
+      echo "INFO: ok \"${lval}\" ${*}" >&2
+    fi
+  fi
+  return 0
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: EXPECT_PROPERTY <prop> <value>
+
+Returns true if current return (regex) value is true and the result matches" ]
+EXPECT_PROPERTY() {
+  save_ret=${?}
+  property="${1}"
+  value="${2}"
+  shift 2
+  val=`adb shell getprop ${property} 2>&1`
+  EXPECT_EQ "${value}" "${val}" for Android property ${property} ||
+    save_ret=${?}
+  return ${save_ret}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: report_bootstat_logs <expected> ...
+
+if not prefixed with a minus (-), <expected> will become a series of expected
+matches:
+
+    bootstat: Canonical boot reason: <expected_property_value>
+
+If prefixed with a minus, <expected> will look for an exact match after
+removing the minux prefix.  All expected content is _dropped_ from the output
+and in essence forms a known blacklist, unexpected content will show.
+
+Report any logs, minus a known blacklist, preserve the current exit status" ]
+report_bootstat_logs() {
+  save_ret=${?}
+  match=
+  for i in ${*}; do
+    if [ X"${i}" != X"${i#-}" ] ; then
+      match="${match}
+${i#-}"
+    else
+      match="${match}
+bootstat: Canonical boot reason: ${i}"
+    fi
+  done
+  adb logcat -b all -d |
+  grep bootstat[^e] |
+  grep -v -F "bootstat: Service started: /system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_complete${match}
+bootstat: Failed to read /data/misc/bootstat/post_decrypt_time_elapsed: No such file or directory
+bootstat: Failed to parse boot time record: /data/misc/bootstat/post_decrypt_time_elapsed
+bootstat: Service started: /system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_reason
+bootstat: Service started: /system/bin/bootstat --record_time_since_factory_reset
+bootstat: Service started: /system/bin/bootstat -l
+bootstat: Battery level at shutdown 100%
+bootstat: Battery level at startup 100%
+init    : Parsing file /system/etc/init/bootstat.rc...
+init    : processing action (post-fs-data) from (/system/etc/init/bootstat.rc
+init    : processing action (boot) from (/system/etc/init/bootstat.rc
+init    : processing action (ro.boot.bootreason=*) from (/system/etc/init/bootstat.rc
+init    : processing action (sys.boot_completed=1 && sys.logbootcomplete=1) from (/system/etc/init/bootstat.rc
+ (/system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_complete --record_boot_reason --record_time_since_factory_reset -l)'
+ (/system/bin/bootstat -r post_decrypt_time_elapsed)'
+init    : Command 'exec - system log -- /system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_complete' action=sys.boot_completed=1 && sys.logbootcomplete=1 (/system/etc/init/bootstat.rc:
+init    : Command 'exec - system log -- /system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_reason' action=sys.boot_completed=1 && sys.logbootcomplete=1 (/system/etc/init/bootstat.rc:
+init    : Command 'exec - system log -- /system/bin/bootstat --record_time_since_factory_reset' action=sys.boot_completed=1 && sys.logbootcomplete=1 (/system/etc/init/bootstat.rc:
+ (/system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_complete)'...
+ (/system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_complete)' (pid${SPACE}
+ (/system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_reason)'...
+ (/system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_reason)' (pid${SPACE}
+ (/system/bin/bootstat --record_time_since_factory_reset)'...
+ (/system/bin/bootstat --record_time_since_factory_reset)' (pid${SPACE}
+ (/system/bin/bootstat -l)'...
+ (/system/bin/bootstat -l)' (pid " |
+  grep -v 'bootstat: Unknown boot reason: $' # Hikey Special
+  return ${save_ret}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: start_test [message]
+
+Record start of test, preserve exit status" ]
+start_test() {
+  save_ret=${?}
+  START=`date +%s`
+  echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} ${TEST} ${*}"
+  return ${save_ret}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: end_test [message]
+
+Document duration and success of test, preserve exit status" ]
+end_test() {
+  save_ret=${?}
+  END=`date +%s`
+  duration=`expr ${END} - ${START} 2>/dev/null`
+  [ 0 = ${duration} ] ||
+    echo INFO: ${TEST} test duration `format_duration ${duration}` >&2
+  if [ ${save_ret} = 0 ]; then
+    echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} ${TEST} ${*}"
+  else
+    echo "${RED}[  FAILED  ]${NORMAL} ${TEST} ${*}"
+  fi
+  return ${save_ret}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: wrap_test <test> [message]
+
+All tests below are wrapped with this helper" ]
+wrap_test() {
+  if [ -z "${1}" -o X"nothing" = X"${1}" ]; then
+    return
+  fi
+  TEST=${1}
+  shift
+  start_test ${1}
+  eval test_${TEST}
+  end_test ${2}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: validate_property <property>
+
+Check property for CTS compliance with our expectations. Return a cleansed
+string representing what is acceptable.
+
+NB: must roughly match heuristics in system/core/bootstat/bootstat.cpp" ]
+validate_property() {
+  var=`adb shell getprop ${1} 2>&1`
+  var=`echo -n ${var} |
+       tr '[A-Z]' '[a-z]' |
+       tr ' \f\t\r\n' '_____'`
+  case ${var} in
+    watchdog) ;;
+    watchdog,?*) ;;
+    kernel_panic) ;;
+    kernel_panic,?*) ;;
+    recovery) ;;
+    recovery,?*) ;;
+    bootloader) ;;
+    bootloader,?*) ;;
+    cold) ;;
+    cold,?*) ;;
+    hard) ;;
+    hard,?*) ;;
+    warm) ;;
+    warm,?*) ;;
+    shutdown) ;;
+    shutdown,?*) ;;
+    reboot) ;;
+    reboot,?*) ;;
+    # Aliases
+    *wdog* | *watchdog* )     var="watchdog" ;;
+    *powerkey* )              var="cold,powerkey" ;;
+    *panic* | *kernel_panic*) var="kernel_panic" ;;
+    *thermal*)                var="shutdown,thermal" ;;
+    *s3_wakeup*)              var="warm,s3_wakeup" ;;
+    *hw_reset*)               var="hard,hw_reset" ;;
+    *bootloader*)             var="bootloader" ;;
+    ?*)                       var="reboot,${var}" ;;
+    *)                        var="reboot" ;;
+  esac
+  echo ${var}
+}
+
+#
+# Actual test frames
+#
+
+[ "USAGE: test_properties
+
+properties test
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop ro.boot.bootreason (bootloader reason)
+- adb shell getprop persist.sys.boot.reason (last reason)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason (system reason)
+- NB: all should have a value that is compliant with our known set." ]
+test_properties() {
+  wait_for_screen
+  retval=0
+  check_set="ro.boot.bootreason persist.sys.boot.reason sys.boot.reason"
+  bootloader=""
+  # NB: this test could fail if performed _after_ optional_factory_reset test
+  # and will report
+  #  ERROR: expected "reboot" got ""
+  #        for Android property persist.sys.boot.reason
+  # following is mitigation for the persist.sys.boot.reason, skip it
+  if [ "reboot,factory_reset" = `validate_property ro.boot_bootreason` ]; then
+    check_set="ro.boot.bootreason sys.boot.reason"
+    bootloader="bootloader"
+  fi
+  for prop in ${check_set}; do
+    reason=`validate_property ${prop}`
+    EXPECT_PROPERTY ${prop} ${reason} || retval=${?}
+  done
+  # sys.boot.reason is last for a reason
+  report_bootstat_logs ${reason} ${bootloader}
+  return ${retval}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_ota
+
+ota test
+- rm out/.kati_stamp-* out/build_date.txt out/build_number.txt
+- rm out/target/product/*/*/*.prop
+- rm -r out/target/product/*/obj/ETC/system_build_prop_intermediates
+- m
+- NB: ro.build.date.utc should update
+- fastboot flashall
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report ota
+
+Decision to change the build itself rather than trick bootstat by
+rummaging through its data files was made." ]
+test_ota() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test about 5 minutes or more" >&2
+  echo "      extended by build and flashing times" >&2
+  if [ -z "${TARGET_PRODUCT}" -o \
+       -z "${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT}" -o \
+       -z "${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP}" -o \
+       -z "${TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT}" ]; then
+    echo "ERROR: Missing envsetup.sh and lunch" >&2
+    return 1
+  fi
+  rm ${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT%/out/*}/out/.kati_stamp-* ||
+    true
+  rm ${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT%/out/*}/out/build_date.txt ||
+    true
+  rm ${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT%/out/*}/out/build_number.txt ||
+    true
+  rm ${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT}/*/*.prop ||
+    true
+  rm -r ${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT}/obj/ETC/system_build_prop_intermediates ||
+    true
+  pushd ${ANDROID_BUILD_TOP} >&2
+  make -j50 >&2
+  if [ ${?} != 0 ]; then
+    popd >&2
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if ! inFastboot; then
+    adb reboot-bootloader >&2
+  fi
+  fastboot flashall >&2
+  popd >&2
+  wait_for_screen
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason "\(reboot,ota\|bootloader\)"
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason reboot,bootloader
+  report_bootstat_logs reboot,ota bootloader
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_optional_ota
+
+fast and fake (touch build_date on device to make it different)" ]
+test_optional_ota() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test about 45 seconds" >&2
+  echo "WARNING: ${TEST} requires userdebug build" >&2
+  adb shell su root touch /data/misc/bootstat/build_date >&2
+  adb reboot ota
+  wait_for_screen
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason reboot,ota
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason reboot,ota
+  report_bootstat_logs reboot,ota
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: [TEST=<test>] blind_reboot_test [<match>]
+
+Simple tests helper
+- adb reboot <test>
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report <test>, or overriden <match>
+
+We interleave the simple reboot tests between the hard/complex ones
+as a means of checking sanity and any persistent side effect of the
+other tests." ]
+blind_reboot_test() {
+  if [ -z "${1}" ]; then
+    set ${TEST}
+  fi
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test roughly 45 seconds" >&2
+  adb reboot ${TEST}
+  wait_for_screen
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason ${1}
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason reboot,${TEST}
+  report_bootstat_logs ${1}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_cold
+
+cold test
+- adb reboot cold
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report cold" ]
+test_cold() {
+  blind_reboot_test
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_factory_reset
+
+factory_reset test
+- adb shell su root rm /data/misc/bootstat/build_date
+- adb reboot
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report factory_reset
+
+Decision to rummage through bootstat data files was made as
+a _real_ factory_reset is too destructive to the device." ]
+test_factory_reset() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test roughly 45 seconds" >&2
+  echo "WARNING: ${TEST} requires userdebug build" >&2
+  adb shell su root rm /data/misc/bootstat/build_date >&2
+  adb reboot >&2
+  wait_for_screen
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason reboot,factory_reset
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason "reboot,.*"
+  report_bootstat_logs reboot,factory_reset reboot, reboot,adb \
+    "-bootstat: Failed to read /data/misc/bootstat/build_date: No such file or directory" \
+    "-bootstat: Failed to parse boot time record: /data/misc/bootstat/build_date"
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_optional_factory_reset
+
+factory_reset test
+- adb reboot-bootloader
+- fastboot format userdata
+- fastboot reboot
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report factory_reset
+
+For realz, and disruptive" ]
+test_optional_factory_reset() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test roughly a minute" >&2
+  if ! inFastboot; then
+    adb reboot-bootloader
+  fi
+  fastboot format userdata >&2
+  fastboot reboot >&2
+  wait_for_screen
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason reboot,factory_reset
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason ""
+  report_bootstat_logs reboot,factory_reset bootloader \
+    "-bootstat: Failed to read /data/misc/bootstat/last_boot_time_utc: No such file or directory" \
+    "-bootstat: Failed to parse boot time record: /data/misc/bootstat/last_boot_time_utc" \
+    "-bootstat: Failed to read /data/misc/bootstat/build_date: No such file or directory" \
+    "-bootstat: Failed to parse boot time record: /data/misc/bootstat/build_date" \
+    "-bootstat: Failed to read /data/misc/bootstat/factory_reset: No such file or directory" \
+    "-bootstat: Failed to parse boot time record: /data/misc/bootstat/factory_reset"
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_hard
+
+hard test:
+- adb reboot hard
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report hard" ]
+test_hard() {
+  blind_reboot_test
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_battery
+
+battery test (trick):
+- echo healthd: battery l=2<space> | adb shell su root tee /dev/kmsg
+- adb reboot cold
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report reboot,battery, unless healthd managed to log
+  before reboot in above trick.
+
+- Bonus points (manual extras)
+- Make sure the following is added to the /init.rc file in post-fs
+  section before logd is started:
+    +    setprop logd.kernel false
+    +    rm /sys/fs/pstore/console-ramoops
+    +    rm /sys/fs/pstore/console-ramoops-0
+    +    write /dev/kmsg \"healthd: battery l=2${SPACE}
+    +\"
+- adb reboot fs
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report reboot,battery
+- (replace set logd.kernel true to the above, and retry test)" ]
+test_battery() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test roughly two minutes" >&2
+  echo "WARNING: ${TEST} requires userdebug build" >&2
+  # Send it _many_ times to combat devices with flakey pstore
+  for i in a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z; do
+    echo 'healthd: battery l=2 ' | adb shell su root tee /dev/kmsg >/dev/null
+  done
+  adb reboot cold >&2
+  adb wait-for-device
+  wait_for_screen
+  adb shell su root \
+    cat /proc/fs/pstore/console-ramoops \
+        /proc/fs/pstore/console-ramoops-0 2>/dev/null |
+    grep 'healthd: battery l=' |
+    tail -1 |
+    grep 'healthd: battery l=2 ' >/dev/null || (
+      if ! EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason reboot,battery >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
+        # retry
+        for i in a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z; do
+          echo 'healthd: battery l=2 ' | adb shell su root tee /dev/kmsg >/dev/null
+        done
+        adb reboot cold >&2
+        adb wait-for-device
+        wait_for_screen
+      fi
+    )
+
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason shutdown,battery
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason reboot,cold
+  report_bootstat_logs shutdown,battery "-bootstat: Battery level at shutdown 2%"
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_unknown
+
+unknown test
+- adb reboot unknown
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report reboot,unknown
+- NB: expect log \"... I bootstat: Unknown boot reason: reboot,unknown\"" ]
+test_unknown() {
+  blind_reboot_test reboot,unknown
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_kernel_panic
+
+kernel_panic test:
+- echo c | adb shell su root tee /proc/sysrq-trigger
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report kernel_panic,sysrq" ]
+test_kernel_panic() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test > 2 minutes" >&2
+  echo "WARNING: ${TEST} requires userdebug build" >&2
+  echo c | adb shell su root tee /proc/sysrq-trigger >/dev/null
+  wait_for_screen
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason kernel_panic,sysrq
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason kernel_panic,sysrq
+  report_bootstat_logs kernel_panic,sysrq
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_warm
+
+warm test
+- adb reboot warm
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report warm" ]
+test_warm() {
+  blind_reboot_test
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_thermal_shutdown
+
+thermal shutdown test:
+- adb shell setprop sys.powerctl shutdown,thermal
+- (power up the device)
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report shutdown,thermal" ]
+test_thermal_shutdown() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test roughly a minute plus" >&2
+  echo "      power on request" >&2
+  adb shell setprop sys.powerctl shutdown,thermal
+  sleep 5
+  echo -n "WARNING: Please power device back up, waiting ... " >&2
+  wait_for_screen -n >&2
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason shutdown,thermal
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason shutdown,thermal
+  report_bootstat_logs shutdown,thermal
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_userrequested_shutdown
+
+userrequested shutdown test:
+- adb shell setprop sys.powerctl shutdown,userrequested
+- (power up the device)
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report shutdown,userrequested" ]
+test_userrequested_shutdown() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test roughly a minute plus" >&2
+  echo "      power on request" >&2
+  adb shell setprop sys.powerctl shutdown,userrequested
+  sleep 5
+  echo -n "WARNING: Please power device back up, waiting ... " >&2
+  wait_for_screen -n >&2
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason shutdown,userrequested
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason shutdown,userrequested
+  report_bootstat_logs shutdown,userrequested
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_shell_reboot
+
+shell reboot test:
+- adb shell reboot
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report reboot,shell" ]
+test_shell_reboot() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test roughly 45 seconds" >&2
+  adb shell reboot
+  wait_for_screen
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason reboot,shell
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason reboot,shell
+  report_bootstat_logs reboot,shell
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_adb_reboot
+
+adb reboot test:
+- adb reboot
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report reboot,adb" ]
+test_adb_reboot() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test roughly 45 seconds" >&2
+  adb reboot
+  wait_for_screen
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason reboot,adb
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason reboot,adb
+  report_bootstat_logs reboot,adb
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: test_Its_Just_So_Hard_reboot
+
+Its Just So Hard reboot test:
+- adb shell reboot 'Its Just So Hard'
+- (wait until screen is up, boot has completed)
+- adb shell getprop sys.boot.reason
+- NB: should report reboot,its_just_so_hard
+- NB: expect log \"... I bootstat: Unknown boot reason: reboot,its_just_so_hard\"" ]
+test_Its_Just_So_Hard_reboot() {
+  echo "INFO: expected duration of ${TEST} test roughly 45 seconds" >&2
+  echo "INFO: ${TEST} cleanup requires userdebug build" >&2
+  adb shell 'reboot "Its Just So Hard"'
+  wait_for_screen
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY sys.boot.reason reboot,its_just_so_hard
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason "reboot,Its Just So Hard"
+  adb shell su root setprop persist.sys.boot.reason reboot,its_just_so_hard
+  EXPECT_PROPERTY persist.sys.boot.reason reboot,its_just_so_hard
+  report_bootstat_logs reboot,its_just_so_hard
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: ${0##*/} [-s SERIAL] [tests]
+
+Mainline executive to run the above tests" ]
+
+# Rudimentary argument parsing
+
+if [ ${#} -ge 2 -a X"-s" = X"${1}" ]; then
+  export ANDROID_SERIAL="${2}"
+  shift 2
+fi
+
+if [ X"--help" = X"${1}" -o X"-h" = X"${1}" -o X"-?" = X"${1}" ]; then
+  echo "USAGE: ${0##*/} [-s SERIAL] [tests]"
+  echo tests - `sed -n 's/^test_\([^ ()]*\)() {/\1/p' $0 </dev/null`
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+# Check if all conditions for the script are sane
+
+if [ -z "${ANDROID_SERIAL}" ]; then
+  ndev=`(
+      adb devices | grep -v 'List of devices attached'
+      fastboot devices
+    ) |
+    grep -v "^[${SPACE}${TAB}]*\$" |
+    wc -l`
+  if [ ${ndev} -gt 1 ]; then
+    echo "ERROR: no target device specified, ${ndev} connected" >&2
+    echo "${RED}[  FAILED  ]${NORMAL}"
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  echo "WARNING: no target device specified" >&2
+fi
+
+ret=0
+
+# Test Series
+if [ X"all" = X"${*}" ]; then
+  # automagically pick up all test_<function>s.
+  eval set nothing `sed -n 's/^test_\([^ ()]*\)() {/\1/p' $0 </dev/null`
+  if [ X"nothing" = X"${1}" ]; then
+    shift 1
+  fi
+fi
+if [ -z "$*" ]; then
+  # automagically pick up all test_<function>, except test_optional_<function>.
+  eval set nothing `sed -n 's/^test_\([^ ()]*\)() {/\1/p' $0 </dev/null |
+                            grep -v '^optional_'`
+  if [ -z "${2}" ]; then
+    # Hard coded should shell fail to find them above (search/permission issues)
+    eval set ota cold factory_reset hard battery unknown kernel_panic warm \
+             thermal_shutdown userrequested_shutdown shell_reboot adb_reboot
+  fi
+  if [ X"nothing" = X"${1}" ]; then
+    shift 1
+  fi
+fi
+echo "INFO: selected test(s): ${@}" >&2
+echo
+failures=
+successes=
+for t in "${@}"; do
+  wrap_test ${t}
+  retval=${?}
+  if [ 0 = ${retval} ]; then
+    if [ -z "${successes}" ]; then
+      successes=${t}
+    else
+      successes="${successes} ${t}"
+    fi
+  else
+    ret=${retval}
+    if [ -z "${failures}" ]; then
+      failures=${t}
+    else
+      failures="${failures} ${t}"
+    fi
+  fi
+  echo
+done
+
+if [ -n "${successes}" ]; then
+  echo "${GREEN}[  PASSED  ]${NORMAL} ${successes}"
+fi
+if [ -n "${failures}" ]; then
+  echo "${RED}[  FAILED  ]${NORMAL} ${failures}"
+fi
+exit ${ret}
diff --git a/bootstat/bootstat.cpp b/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
index a4c2160..e2202fd 100644
--- a/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
+++ b/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 // uploaded to Android log storage via Tron.
 
 #include <getopt.h>
+#include <sys/klog.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <chrono>
@@ -32,11 +33,14 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android/log.h>
+#include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <log/logcat.h>
 #include <metricslogger/metrics_logger.h>
 
 #include "boot_event_record_store.h"
@@ -57,8 +61,7 @@
 // Records the named boot |event| to the record store. If |value| is non-empty
 // and is a proper string representation of an integer value, the converted
 // integer value is associated with the boot event.
-void RecordBootEventFromCommandLine(
-    const std::string& event, const std::string& value_str) {
+void RecordBootEventFromCommandLine(const std::string& event, const std::string& value_str) {
   BootEventRecordStore boot_event_store;
   if (!value_str.empty()) {
     int32_t value = 0;
@@ -81,22 +84,23 @@
   }
 }
 
-void ShowHelp(const char *cmd) {
+void ShowHelp(const char* cmd) {
   fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [options]\n", cmd);
   fprintf(stderr,
           "options include:\n"
-          "  -h, --help            Show this help\n"
-          "  -l, --log             Log all metrics to logstorage\n"
-          "  -p, --print           Dump the boot event records to the console\n"
-          "  -r, --record          Record the timestamp of a named boot event\n"
-          "  --value               Optional value to associate with the boot event\n"
-          "  --record_boot_reason  Record the reason why the device booted\n"
+          "  -h, --help              Show this help\n"
+          "  -l, --log               Log all metrics to logstorage\n"
+          "  -p, --print             Dump the boot event records to the console\n"
+          "  -r, --record            Record the timestamp of a named boot event\n"
+          "  --value                 Optional value to associate with the boot event\n"
+          "  --record_boot_complete  Record metrics related to the time for the device boot\n"
+          "  --record_boot_reason    Record the reason why the device booted\n"
           "  --record_time_since_factory_reset Record the time since the device was reset\n");
 }
 
 // Constructs a readable, printable string from the givencommand line
 // arguments.
-std::string GetCommandLine(int argc, char **argv) {
+std::string GetCommandLine(int argc, char** argv) {
   std::string cmd;
   for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
     cmd += argv[i];
@@ -117,6 +121,14 @@
   return std::string(&temp[0], len);
 }
 
+void SetProperty(const char* key, const std::string& val) {
+  property_set(key, val.c_str());
+}
+
+void SetProperty(const char* key, const char* val) {
+  property_set(key, val);
+}
+
 constexpr int32_t kUnknownBootReason = 1;
 
 // A mapping from boot reason string, as read from the ro.boot.bootreason
@@ -124,50 +136,73 @@
 // the boot_reason metric may refer to this mapping to discern the histogram
 // values.
 const std::map<std::string, int32_t> kBootReasonMap = {
-  {"unknown", kUnknownBootReason},
-  {"normal", 2},
-  {"recovery", 3},
-  {"reboot", 4},
-  {"PowerKey", 5},
-  {"hard_reset", 6},
-  {"kernel_panic", 7},
-  {"rpm_err", 8},
-  {"hw_reset", 9},
-  {"tz_err", 10},
-  {"adsp_err", 11},
-  {"modem_err", 12},
-  {"mba_err", 13},
-  {"Watchdog", 14},
-  {"Panic", 15},
-  {"power_key", 16},
-  {"power_on", 17},
-  {"Reboot", 18},
-  {"rtc", 19},
-  {"edl", 20},
-  {"oem_pon1", 21},
-  {"oem_powerkey", 22},
-  {"oem_unknown_reset", 23},
-  {"srto: HWWDT reset SC", 24},
-  {"srto: HWWDT reset platform", 25},
-  {"srto: bootloader", 26},
-  {"srto: kernel panic", 27},
-  {"srto: kernel watchdog reset", 28},
-  {"srto: normal", 29},
-  {"srto: reboot", 30},
-  {"srto: reboot-bootloader", 31},
-  {"srto: security watchdog reset", 32},
-  {"srto: wakesrc", 33},
-  {"srto: watchdog", 34},
-  {"srto:1-1", 35},
-  {"srto:omap_hsmm", 36},
-  {"srto:phy0", 37},
-  {"srto:rtc0", 38},
-  {"srto:touchpad", 39},
-  {"watchdog", 40},
-  {"watchdogr", 41},
-  {"wdog_bark", 42},
-  {"wdog_bite", 43},
-  {"wdog_reset", 44},
+    {"unknown", kUnknownBootReason},
+    {"normal", 2},
+    {"recovery", 3},
+    {"reboot", 4},
+    {"PowerKey", 5},
+    {"hard_reset", 6},
+    {"kernel_panic", 7},
+    {"rpm_err", 8},
+    {"hw_reset", 9},
+    {"tz_err", 10},
+    {"adsp_err", 11},
+    {"modem_err", 12},
+    {"mba_err", 13},
+    {"Watchdog", 14},
+    {"Panic", 15},
+    {"power_key", 16},
+    {"power_on", 17},
+    {"Reboot", 18},
+    {"rtc", 19},
+    {"edl", 20},
+    {"oem_pon1", 21},
+    {"oem_powerkey", 22},
+    {"oem_unknown_reset", 23},
+    {"srto: HWWDT reset SC", 24},
+    {"srto: HWWDT reset platform", 25},
+    {"srto: bootloader", 26},
+    {"srto: kernel panic", 27},
+    {"srto: kernel watchdog reset", 28},
+    {"srto: normal", 29},
+    {"srto: reboot", 30},
+    {"srto: reboot-bootloader", 31},
+    {"srto: security watchdog reset", 32},
+    {"srto: wakesrc", 33},
+    {"srto: watchdog", 34},
+    {"srto:1-1", 35},
+    {"srto:omap_hsmm", 36},
+    {"srto:phy0", 37},
+    {"srto:rtc0", 38},
+    {"srto:touchpad", 39},
+    {"watchdog", 40},
+    {"watchdogr", 41},
+    {"wdog_bark", 42},
+    {"wdog_bite", 43},
+    {"wdog_reset", 44},
+    {"shutdown,", 45},  // Trailing comma is intentional.
+    {"shutdown,userrequested", 46},
+    {"reboot,bootloader", 47},
+    {"reboot,cold", 48},
+    {"reboot,recovery", 49},
+    {"thermal_shutdown", 50},
+    {"s3_wakeup", 51},
+    {"kernel_panic,sysrq", 52},
+    {"kernel_panic,NULL", 53},
+    {"kernel_panic,BUG", 54},
+    {"bootloader", 55},
+    {"cold", 56},
+    {"hard", 57},
+    {"warm", 58},
+    {"recovery", 59},
+    {"thermal-shutdown", 60},
+    {"shutdown,thermal", 61},
+    {"shutdown,battery", 62},
+    {"reboot,ota", 63},
+    {"reboot,factory_reset", 64},
+    {"reboot,", 65},
+    {"reboot,shell", 66},
+    {"reboot,adb", 67},
 };
 
 // Converts a string value representing the reason the system booted to an
@@ -183,6 +218,374 @@
   return kUnknownBootReason;
 }
 
+// Canonical list of supported primary reboot reasons.
+const std::vector<const std::string> knownReasons = {
+    // clang-format off
+    // kernel
+    "watchdog",
+    "kernel_panic",
+    // strong
+    "recovery",    // Should not happen from ro.boot.bootreason
+    "bootloader",  // Should not happen from ro.boot.bootreason
+    // blunt
+    "cold",
+    "hard",
+    "warm",
+    "shutdown",    // Can not happen from ro.boot.bootreason
+    "reboot",      // Default catch-all for anything unknown
+    // clang-format on
+};
+
+// Returns true if the supplied reason prefix is considered detailed enough.
+bool isStrongRebootReason(const std::string& r) {
+  for (auto& s : knownReasons) {
+    if (s == "cold") break;
+    // Prefix defined as terminated by a nul or comma (,).
+    if (android::base::StartsWith(r, s.c_str()) &&
+        ((r.length() == s.length()) || (r[s.length()] == ','))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Returns true if the supplied reason prefix is associated with the kernel.
+bool isKernelRebootReason(const std::string& r) {
+  for (auto& s : knownReasons) {
+    if (s == "recovery") break;
+    // Prefix defined as terminated by a nul or comma (,).
+    if (android::base::StartsWith(r, s.c_str()) &&
+        ((r.length() == s.length()) || (r[s.length()] == ','))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Returns true if the supplied reason prefix is considered known.
+bool isKnownRebootReason(const std::string& r) {
+  for (auto& s : knownReasons) {
+    // Prefix defined as terminated by a nul or comma (,).
+    if (android::base::StartsWith(r, s.c_str()) &&
+        ((r.length() == s.length()) || (r[s.length()] == ','))) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// If the reboot reason should be improved, report true if is too blunt.
+bool isBluntRebootReason(const std::string& r) {
+  if (isStrongRebootReason(r)) return false;
+
+  if (!isKnownRebootReason(r)) return true;  // Can not support unknown as detail
+
+  size_t pos = 0;
+  while ((pos = r.find(',', pos)) != std::string::npos) {
+    ++pos;
+    std::string next(r.substr(pos));
+    if (next.length() == 0) break;
+    if (next[0] == ',') continue;
+    if (!isKnownRebootReason(next)) return false;  // Unknown subreason is good.
+    if (isStrongRebootReason(next)) return false;  // eg: reboot,reboot
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool readPstoreConsole(std::string& console) {
+  if (android::base::ReadFileToString("/sys/fs/pstore/console-ramoops-0", &console)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+  return android::base::ReadFileToString("/sys/fs/pstore/console-ramoops", &console);
+}
+
+bool addKernelPanicSubReason(const std::string& console, std::string& ret) {
+  // Check for kernel panic types to refine information
+  if (console.rfind("SysRq : Trigger a crash") != std::string::npos) {
+    // Can not happen, except on userdebug, during testing/debugging.
+    ret = "kernel_panic,sysrq";
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (console.rfind("Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address") !=
+      std::string::npos) {
+    ret = "kernel_panic,NULL";
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (console.rfind("Kernel BUG at ") != std::string::npos) {
+    ret = "kernel_panic,BUG";
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// std::transform Helper callback functions:
+// Converts a string value representing the reason the system booted to a
+// string complying with Android system standard reason.
+char tounderline(char c) {
+  return ::isblank(c) ? '_' : c;
+}
+char toprintable(char c) {
+  return ::isprint(c) ? c : '?';
+}
+
+const char system_reboot_reason_property[] = "sys.boot.reason";
+const char last_reboot_reason_property[] = LAST_REBOOT_REASON_PROPERTY;
+const char bootloader_reboot_reason_property[] = "ro.boot.bootreason";
+
+// Scrub, Sanitize, Standardize and Enhance the boot reason string supplied.
+std::string BootReasonStrToReason(const std::string& boot_reason) {
+  static const size_t max_reason_length = 256;
+
+  std::string ret(GetProperty(system_reboot_reason_property));
+  std::string reason(boot_reason);
+  // If sys.boot.reason == ro.boot.bootreason, let's re-evaluate
+  if (reason == ret) ret = "";
+
+  // Cleanup boot_reason regarding acceptable character set
+  std::transform(reason.begin(), reason.end(), reason.begin(), ::tolower);
+  std::transform(reason.begin(), reason.end(), reason.begin(), tounderline);
+  std::transform(reason.begin(), reason.end(), reason.begin(), toprintable);
+
+  // Is the current system boot reason sys.boot.reason valid?
+  if (!isKnownRebootReason(ret)) ret = "";
+
+  if (ret == "") {
+    // Is the bootloader boot reason ro.boot.bootreason known?
+    std::vector<std::string> words(android::base::Split(reason, ",_-"));
+    for (auto& s : knownReasons) {
+      std::string blunt;
+      for (auto& r : words) {
+        if (r == s) {
+          if (isBluntRebootReason(s)) {
+            blunt = s;
+          } else {
+            ret = s;
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      if (ret == "") ret = blunt;
+      if (ret != "") break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ret == "") {
+    // A series of checks to take some officially unsupported reasons
+    // reported by the bootloader and find some logical and canonical
+    // sense.  In an ideal world, we would require those bootloaders
+    // to behave and follow our standards.
+    static const std::vector<std::pair<const std::string, const std::string>> aliasReasons = {
+        {"watchdog", "wdog"},
+        {"cold,powerkey", "powerkey"},
+        {"kernel_panic", "panic"},
+        {"shutdown,thermal", "thermal"},
+        {"warm,s3_wakeup", "s3_wakeup"},
+        {"hard,hw_reset", "hw_reset"},
+        {"bootloader", ""},
+    };
+
+    // Either the primary or alias is found _somewhere_ in the reason string.
+    for (auto& s : aliasReasons) {
+      if (reason.find(s.first) != std::string::npos) {
+        ret = s.first;
+        break;
+      }
+      if (s.second.size() && (reason.find(s.second) != std::string::npos)) {
+        ret = s.first;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // If watchdog is the reason, see if there is a security angle?
+  if (ret == "watchdog") {
+    if (reason.find("sec") != std::string::npos) {
+      ret += ",security";
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (ret == "kernel_panic") {
+    // Check to see if last klog has some refinement hints.
+    std::string content;
+    if (readPstoreConsole(content)) {
+      addKernelPanicSubReason(content, ret);
+    }
+  } else if (isBluntRebootReason(ret)) {
+    // Check the other available reason resources if the reason is still blunt.
+
+    // Check to see if last klog has some refinement hints.
+    std::string content;
+    if (readPstoreConsole(content)) {
+      // The toybox reboot command used directly (unlikely)? But also
+      // catches init's response to Android's more controlled reboot command.
+      if (content.rfind("reboot: Power down") != std::string::npos) {
+        ret = "shutdown";  // Still too blunt, but more accurate.
+        // ToDo: init should record the shutdown reason to kernel messages ala:
+        //           init: shutdown system with command 'last_reboot_reason'
+        //       so that if pstore has persistence we can get some details
+        //       that could be missing in last_reboot_reason_property.
+      }
+
+      static const char cmd[] = "reboot: Restarting system with command '";
+      size_t pos = content.rfind(cmd);
+      if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+        pos += strlen(cmd);
+        std::string subReason(content.substr(pos, max_reason_length));
+        for (pos = 0; pos < subReason.length(); ++pos) {
+          char c = tounderline(subReason[pos]);
+          if (!::isprint(c) || (c == '\'')) {
+            subReason.erase(pos);
+            break;
+          }
+          subReason[pos] = ::tolower(c);
+        }
+        if (subReason != "") {  // Will not land "reboot" as that is too blunt.
+          if (isKernelRebootReason(subReason)) {
+            ret = "reboot," + subReason;  // User space can't talk kernel reasons.
+          } else {
+            ret = subReason;
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Check for kernel panics, allowed to override reboot command.
+      if (!addKernelPanicSubReason(content, ret) &&
+          // check for long-press power down
+          ((content.rfind("Power held for ") != std::string::npos) ||
+           (content.rfind("charger: [") != std::string::npos))) {
+        ret = "cold";
+      }
+    }
+
+    // The following battery test should migrate to a default system health HAL
+
+    // Let us not worry if the reboot command was issued, for the cases of
+    // reboot -p, reboot <no reason>, reboot cold, reboot warm and reboot hard.
+    // Same for bootloader and ro.boot.bootreasons of this set, but a dead
+    // battery could conceivably lead to these, so worthy of override.
+    if (isBluntRebootReason(ret)) {
+      // Heuristic to determine if shutdown possibly because of a dead battery?
+      // Really a hail-mary pass to find it in last klog content ...
+      static const int battery_dead_threshold = 2;  // percent
+      static const char battery[] = "healthd: battery l=";
+      size_t pos = content.rfind(battery);  // last one
+      std::string digits;
+      if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+        digits = content.substr(pos + strlen(battery));
+      }
+      char* endptr = NULL;
+      unsigned long long level = strtoull(digits.c_str(), &endptr, 10);
+      if ((level <= 100) && (endptr != digits.c_str()) && (*endptr == ' ')) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Battery level at shutdown " << level << "%";
+        if (level <= battery_dead_threshold) {
+          ret = "shutdown,battery";
+        }
+      } else {        // Most likely
+        digits = "";  // reset digits
+
+        // Content buffer no longer will have console data. Beware if more
+        // checks added below, that depend on parsing console content.
+        content = "";
+
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Can not find last low battery in last console messages";
+        android_logcat_context ctx = create_android_logcat();
+        FILE* fp = android_logcat_popen(&ctx, "logcat -b kernel -v brief -d");
+        if (fp != nullptr) {
+          android::base::ReadFdToString(fileno(fp), &content);
+        }
+        android_logcat_pclose(&ctx, fp);
+        android_logcat_destroy(&ctx);
+        static const char logcat_battery[] = "W/healthd (    0): battery l=";
+        const char* match = logcat_battery;
+
+        if (content == "") {
+          // Service logd.klog not running, go to smaller buffer in the kernel.
+          int rc = klogctl(KLOG_SIZE_BUFFER, nullptr, 0);
+          if (rc > 0) {
+            ssize_t len = rc + 1024;  // 1K Margin should it grow between calls.
+            std::unique_ptr<char[]> buf(new char[len]);
+            rc = klogctl(KLOG_READ_ALL, buf.get(), len);
+            if (rc < len) {
+              len = rc + 1;
+            }
+            buf[--len] = '\0';
+            content = buf.get();
+          }
+          match = battery;
+        }
+
+        pos = content.find(match);  // The first one it finds.
+        if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+          digits = content.substr(pos + strlen(match));
+        }
+        endptr = NULL;
+        level = strtoull(digits.c_str(), &endptr, 10);
+        if ((level <= 100) && (endptr != digits.c_str()) && (*endptr == ' ')) {
+          LOG(INFO) << "Battery level at startup " << level << "%";
+          if (level <= battery_dead_threshold) {
+            ret = "shutdown,battery";
+          }
+        } else {
+          LOG(DEBUG) << "Can not find first battery level in dmesg or logcat";
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Is there a controlled shutdown hint in last_reboot_reason_property?
+    if (isBluntRebootReason(ret)) {
+      // Content buffer no longer will have console data. Beware if more
+      // checks added below, that depend on parsing console content.
+      content = GetProperty(last_reboot_reason_property);
+      // Cleanup last_boot_reason regarding acceptable character set
+      std::transform(content.begin(), content.end(), content.begin(), ::tolower);
+      std::transform(content.begin(), content.end(), content.begin(), tounderline);
+      std::transform(content.begin(), content.end(), content.begin(), toprintable);
+
+      // String is either "reboot,<reason>" or "shutdown,<reason>".
+      // We will set if default reasons, only override with detail if thermal.
+      if ((android::base::StartsWith(content, ret.c_str()) && (content[ret.length()] == ',')) ||
+          !isBluntRebootReason(content)) {
+        // Ok, we want it, let's squash it if secondReason is known.
+        size_t pos = content.find(',');
+        if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+          ++pos;
+          std::string secondReason(content.substr(pos));
+          ret = isKnownRebootReason(secondReason) ? secondReason : content;
+        } else {
+          ret = content;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Other System Health HAL reasons?
+
+    // ToDo: /proc/sys/kernel/boot_reason needs a HAL interface to
+    //       possibly offer hardware-specific clues from the PMIC.
+  }
+
+  // If unknown left over from above, make it "reboot,<boot_reason>"
+  if (ret == "") {
+    ret = "reboot";
+    if (android::base::StartsWith(reason, "reboot")) {
+      reason = reason.substr(strlen("reboot"));
+      while (reason[0] == ',') {
+        reason = reason.substr(1);
+      }
+    }
+    if (reason != "") {
+      ret += ",";
+      ret += reason;
+    }
+  }
+
+  LOG(INFO) << "Canonical boot reason: " << ret;
+  if (isKernelRebootReason(ret) && (GetProperty(last_reboot_reason_property) != "")) {
+    // Rewrite as it must be old news, kernel reasons trump user space.
+    SetProperty(last_reboot_reason_property, ret);
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
 // Returns the appropriate metric key prefix for the boot_complete metric such
 // that boot metrics after a system update are labeled as ota_boot_complete;
 // otherwise, they are labeled as boot_complete.  This method encapsulates the
@@ -204,17 +607,26 @@
   if (!boot_event_store.GetBootEvent(kBuildDateKey, &record)) {
     boot_complete_prefix = "factory_reset_" + boot_complete_prefix;
     boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue(kBuildDateKey, build_date);
+    LOG(INFO) << "Canonical boot reason: reboot,factory_reset";
+    SetProperty(system_reboot_reason_property, "reboot,factory_reset");
+    if (GetProperty(bootloader_reboot_reason_property) == "") {
+      SetProperty(bootloader_reboot_reason_property, "reboot,factory_reset");
+    }
   } else if (build_date != record.second) {
     boot_complete_prefix = "ota_" + boot_complete_prefix;
     boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue(kBuildDateKey, build_date);
+    LOG(INFO) << "Canonical boot reason: reboot,ota";
+    SetProperty(system_reboot_reason_property, "reboot,ota");
+    if (GetProperty(bootloader_reboot_reason_property) == "") {
+      SetProperty(bootloader_reboot_reason_property, "reboot,ota");
+    }
   }
 
   return boot_complete_prefix;
 }
 
 // Records the value of a given ro.boottime.init property in milliseconds.
-void RecordInitBootTimeProp(
-    BootEventRecordStore* boot_event_store, const char* property) {
+void RecordInitBootTimeProp(BootEventRecordStore* boot_event_store, const char* property) {
   std::string value = GetProperty(property);
 
   int32_t time_in_ms;
@@ -299,10 +711,8 @@
 
   if (boot_event_store.GetBootEvent("last_boot_time_utc", &record)) {
     time_t last_boot_time_utc = record.second;
-    time_t time_since_last_boot = difftime(current_time_utc,
-                                           last_boot_time_utc);
-    boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue("time_since_last_boot",
-                                           time_since_last_boot);
+    time_t time_since_last_boot = difftime(current_time_utc, last_boot_time_utc);
+    boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue("time_since_last_boot", time_since_last_boot);
   }
 
   boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue("last_boot_time_utc", current_time_utc);
@@ -328,8 +738,7 @@
     boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue(boot_complete_prefix + "_post_decrypt",
                                            boot_complete.count());
   } else {
-      boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue(boot_complete_prefix + "_no_encryption",
-                                             uptime.count());
+    boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue(boot_complete_prefix + "_no_encryption", uptime.count());
   }
 
   // Record the total time from device startup to boot complete, regardless of
@@ -350,9 +759,25 @@
 // Records the boot_reason metric by querying the ro.boot.bootreason system
 // property.
 void RecordBootReason() {
-  int32_t boot_reason = BootReasonStrToEnum(GetProperty("ro.boot.bootreason"));
+  const std::string reason(GetProperty(bootloader_reboot_reason_property));
+  android::metricslogger::LogMultiAction(android::metricslogger::ACTION_BOOT,
+                                         android::metricslogger::FIELD_PLATFORM_REASON, reason);
+
+  // Log the raw bootloader_boot_reason property value.
+  int32_t boot_reason = BootReasonStrToEnum(reason);
   BootEventRecordStore boot_event_store;
   boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue("boot_reason", boot_reason);
+
+  // Log the scrubbed system_boot_reason.
+  const std::string system_reason(BootReasonStrToReason(reason));
+  int32_t system_boot_reason = BootReasonStrToEnum(system_reason);
+  boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue("system_boot_reason", system_boot_reason);
+
+  // Record the scrubbed system_boot_reason to the property
+  SetProperty(system_reboot_reason_property, system_reason);
+  if (reason == "") {
+    SetProperty(bootloader_reboot_reason_property, system_reason);
+  }
 }
 
 // Records two metrics related to the user resetting a device: the time at
@@ -366,21 +791,20 @@
 
   if (current_time_utc < 0) {
     // UMA does not display negative values in buckets, so convert to positive.
-    android::metricslogger::LogHistogram(
-        "factory_reset_current_time_failure", std::abs(current_time_utc));
+    android::metricslogger::LogHistogram("factory_reset_current_time_failure",
+                                         std::abs(current_time_utc));
 
     // Logging via BootEventRecordStore to see if using android::metricslogger::LogHistogram
     // is losing records somehow.
-    boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue(
-        "factory_reset_current_time_failure", std::abs(current_time_utc));
+    boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue("factory_reset_current_time_failure",
+                                           std::abs(current_time_utc));
     return;
   } else {
     android::metricslogger::LogHistogram("factory_reset_current_time", current_time_utc);
 
     // Logging via BootEventRecordStore to see if using android::metricslogger::LogHistogram
     // is losing records somehow.
-    boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue(
-        "factory_reset_current_time", current_time_utc);
+    boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue("factory_reset_current_time", current_time_utc);
   }
 
   // The factory_reset boot event does not exist after the device is reset, so
@@ -400,18 +824,15 @@
 
   // Logging via BootEventRecordStore to see if using android::metricslogger::LogHistogram
   // is losing records somehow.
-  boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue(
-      "factory_reset_record_value", factory_reset_utc);
+  boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue("factory_reset_record_value", factory_reset_utc);
 
-  time_t time_since_factory_reset = difftime(current_time_utc,
-                                             factory_reset_utc);
-  boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue("time_since_factory_reset",
-                                         time_since_factory_reset);
+  time_t time_since_factory_reset = difftime(current_time_utc, factory_reset_utc);
+  boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue("time_since_factory_reset", time_since_factory_reset);
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
-int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   android::base::InitLogging(argv);
 
   const std::string cmd_line = GetCommandLine(argc, argv);
@@ -423,15 +844,17 @@
   static const char boot_reason_str[] = "record_boot_reason";
   static const char factory_reset_str[] = "record_time_since_factory_reset";
   static const struct option long_options[] = {
-    { "help",            no_argument,       NULL,   'h' },
-    { "log",             no_argument,       NULL,   'l' },
-    { "print",           no_argument,       NULL,   'p' },
-    { "record",          required_argument, NULL,   'r' },
-    { value_str,         required_argument, NULL,   0 },
-    { boot_complete_str, no_argument,       NULL,   0 },
-    { boot_reason_str,   no_argument,       NULL,   0 },
-    { factory_reset_str, no_argument,       NULL,   0 },
-    { NULL,              0,                 NULL,   0 }
+      // clang-format off
+      { "help",            no_argument,       NULL,   'h' },
+      { "log",             no_argument,       NULL,   'l' },
+      { "print",           no_argument,       NULL,   'p' },
+      { "record",          required_argument, NULL,   'r' },
+      { value_str,         required_argument, NULL,   0 },
+      { boot_complete_str, no_argument,       NULL,   0 },
+      { boot_reason_str,   no_argument,       NULL,   0 },
+      { factory_reset_str, no_argument,       NULL,   0 },
+      { NULL,              0,                 NULL,   0 }
+      // clang-format on
   };
 
   std::string boot_event;
diff --git a/bootstat/bootstat.rc b/bootstat/bootstat.rc
index f4756d5..f06a38f 100644
--- a/bootstat/bootstat.rc
+++ b/bootstat/bootstat.rc
@@ -1,7 +1,43 @@
 # This file is the LOCAL_INIT_RC file for the bootstat command.
 
+# mirror bootloader boot reason to system boot reason
+on property:ro.boot.bootreason=*
+    setprop sys.boot.reason ${ro.boot.bootreason}
+
 on post-fs-data
-    mkdir /data/misc/bootstat 0700 root root
+    mkdir /data/misc/bootstat 0700 system log
+    # To deal with ota transition resulting from a change in DAC from
+    # root.root to system.log, may be deleted after ota has settled.
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/absolute_boot_time
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/boot_complete
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/boot_complete_no_encryption
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/boot_reason
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/boottime.bootloader.1BLE
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/boottime.bootloader.1BLL
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/boottime.bootloader.2BLE
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/boottime.bootloader.2BLL
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/boottime.bootloader.AVB
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/boottime.bootloader.KD
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/boottime.bootloader.KL
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/boottime.bootloader.ODT
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/boottime.bootloader.SW
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/boottime.bootloader.total
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/build_date
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/factory_reset
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/factory_reset_boot_complete
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/factory_reset_boot_complete_no_encryption
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/factory_reset_current_time
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/factory_reset_record_value
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/last_boot_time_utc
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/ota_boot_complete
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/ota_boot_complete_no_encryption
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/post_decrypt_time_elapsed
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/ro.boottime.init
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/ro.boottime.init.cold_boot_wait
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/ro.boottime.init.selinux
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/time_since_factory_reset
+    chown system log /data/misc/bootstat/time_since_last_boot
+    # end ota transitional support
 
 # Record the time at which the user has successfully entered the pin to decrypt
 # the device, /data is decrypted, and the system is entering the main boot phase.
@@ -10,7 +46,7 @@
 # property:init.svc.bootanim=running: The boot animation is running
 # property:ro.crypto.type=block: FDE device
 on post-fs-data && property:init.svc.bootanim=running && property:ro.crypto.type=block
-    exec - root root -- /system/bin/bootstat -r post_decrypt_time_elapsed
+    exec_background - system log -- /system/bin/bootstat -r post_decrypt_time_elapsed
 
 # sys.logbootcomplete is a signal to enable the bootstat logging mechanism.
 # This signaling is necessary to prevent logging boot metrics after a runtime
@@ -33,13 +69,7 @@
 # Record boot complete metrics.
 on property:sys.boot_completed=1 && property:sys.logbootcomplete=1
     # Record boot_complete and related stats (decryption, etc).
-    exec - root root -- /system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_complete
-
     # Record the boot reason.
-    exec - root root -- /system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_reason
-
     # Record time since factory reset.
-    exec - root root -- /system/bin/bootstat --record_time_since_factory_reset
-
     # Log all boot events.
-    exec - root root -- /system/bin/bootstat -l
+    exec_background - system log -- /system/bin/bootstat --record_boot_complete --record_boot_reason --record_time_since_factory_reset -l
diff --git a/debuggerd/Android.bp b/debuggerd/Android.bp
index f993820..2b5f4f6 100644
--- a/debuggerd/Android.bp
+++ b/debuggerd/Android.bp
@@ -66,7 +66,10 @@
     defaults: ["debuggerd_defaults"],
     srcs: ["handler/debuggerd_handler.cpp"],
 
-    header_libs: ["libdebuggerd_common_headers"],
+    header_libs: [
+        "libbase_headers",
+        "libdebuggerd_common_headers",
+    ],
 
     whole_static_libs: [
         "libasync_safe",
@@ -106,6 +109,7 @@
         "libdebuggerd",
         "libbacktrace",
         "libunwind",
+        "libunwindstack",
         "liblzma",
         "libcutils",
     ],
@@ -171,6 +175,7 @@
     static_libs: [
         "libbacktrace",
         "libunwind",
+        "libunwindstack",
         "liblzma",
         "libbase",
         "libcutils",
@@ -275,7 +280,6 @@
         "libdebuggerd_client",
         "liblog",
         "libprocinfo",
-        "libselinux",
     ],
 
     local_include_dirs: ["include"],
diff --git a/debuggerd/crash_dump.cpp b/debuggerd/crash_dump.cpp
index 4b1e51d..6ef3ed6 100644
--- a/debuggerd/crash_dump.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/crash_dump.cpp
@@ -47,13 +47,14 @@
 #define ATRACE_TAG ATRACE_TAG_BIONIC
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
 
-#include "backtrace.h"
-#include "tombstone.h"
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/backtrace.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/tombstone.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 #include "debuggerd/handler.h"
-#include "protocol.h"
 #include "tombstoned/tombstoned.h"
+
+#include "protocol.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 using android::base::unique_fd;
@@ -79,9 +80,27 @@
   return fstatat(pid_proc_fd, task_path.c_str(), &st, 0) == 0;
 }
 
+static pid_t get_tracer(pid_t tracee) {
+  // Check to see if the thread is being ptraced by another process.
+  android::procinfo::ProcessInfo process_info;
+  if (android::procinfo::GetProcessInfo(tracee, &process_info)) {
+    return process_info.tracer;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
 // Attach to a thread, and verify that it's still a member of the given process
 static bool ptrace_seize_thread(int pid_proc_fd, pid_t tid, std::string* error) {
   if (ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, tid, 0, 0) != 0) {
+    if (errno == EPERM) {
+      pid_t tracer = get_tracer(tid);
+      if (tracer != -1) {
+        *error = StringPrintf("failed to attach to thread %d, already traced by %d (%s)", tid,
+                              tracer, get_process_name(tracer).c_str());
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
     *error = StringPrintf("failed to attach to thread %d: %s", tid, strerror(errno));
     return false;
   }
@@ -329,6 +348,11 @@
       LOG(FATAL) << "failed to create backtrace map";
     }
   }
+  std::unique_ptr<BacktraceMap> backtrace_map_new;
+  backtrace_map_new.reset(BacktraceMap::CreateNew(main_tid));
+  if (!backtrace_map_new) {
+    LOG(FATAL) << "failed to create backtrace map new";
+  }
 
   // Collect the list of open files.
   OpenFilesList open_files;
@@ -408,8 +432,9 @@
     dump_backtrace(output_fd.get(), backtrace_map.get(), target, main_tid, process_name, threads, 0);
   } else {
     ATRACE_NAME("engrave_tombstone");
-    engrave_tombstone(output_fd.get(), backtrace_map.get(), &open_files, target, main_tid,
-                      process_name, threads, abort_address, fatal_signal ? &amfd_data : nullptr);
+    engrave_tombstone(output_fd.get(), backtrace_map.get(), backtrace_map_new.get(), &open_files,
+                      target, main_tid, process_name, threads, abort_address,
+                      fatal_signal ? &amfd_data : nullptr);
   }
 
   // We don't actually need to PTRACE_DETACH, as long as our tracees aren't in
@@ -437,14 +462,14 @@
   if (wait_for_gdb) {
     // Use ALOGI to line up with output from engrave_tombstone.
     ALOGI(
-      "***********************************************************\n"
-      "* Process %d has been suspended while crashing.\n"
-      "* To attach gdbserver and start gdb, run this on the host:\n"
-      "*\n"
-      "*     gdbclient.py -p %d\n"
-      "*\n"
-      "***********************************************************",
-      target, main_tid);
+        "***********************************************************\n"
+        "* Process %d has been suspended while crashing.\n"
+        "* To attach gdbserver and start gdb, run this on the host:\n"
+        "*\n"
+        "*     gdbclient.py -p %d\n"
+        "*\n"
+        "***********************************************************",
+        target, target);
   }
 
   if (fatal_signal) {
diff --git a/debuggerd/crasher/Android.bp b/debuggerd/crasher/Android.bp
index f73f672..67b4ab7 100644
--- a/debuggerd/crasher/Android.bp
+++ b/debuggerd/crasher/Android.bp
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
     name: "crasher-defaults",
 
     cppflags: [
-        "-std=gnu++14",
         "-W",
         "-Wall",
         "-Wextra",
@@ -18,7 +17,7 @@
         arm: {
             srcs: ["arm/crashglue.S"],
 
-            armv7_a_neon: {
+            neon: {
                 asflags: ["-DHAS_VFP_D32"],
             },
         },
diff --git a/debuggerd/crasher/crasher.cpp b/debuggerd/crasher/crasher.cpp
index 6970201..f57349b 100644
--- a/debuggerd/crasher/crasher.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/crasher/crasher.cpp
@@ -134,6 +134,14 @@
     free(buf); // GCC is smart enough to warn about this, but we're doing it deliberately.
 }
 
+noinline void leak() {
+    while (true) {
+        void* mapping =
+            mmap(nullptr, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
+        static_cast<volatile char*>(mapping)[0] = 'a';
+    }
+}
+
 noinline void sigsegv_non_null() {
     int* a = (int *)(&do_action);
     *a = 42;
@@ -160,8 +168,8 @@
     fprintf(stderr, "  stack-overflow        recurse until the stack overflows\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "  nostack               crash with a NULL stack pointer\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  heap-corruption       cause a libc abort by corrupting the heap\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "  heap-usage            cause a libc abort by abusing a heap function\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  leak                  leak memory until we get OOM-killed\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "  abort                 call abort()\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "  assert                call assert() without a function\n");
@@ -265,6 +273,8 @@
         return pthread_join(0, nullptr);
     } else if (!strcasecmp(arg, "heap-usage")) {
         abuse_heap();
+    } else if (!strcasecmp(arg, "leak")) {
+        leak();
     } else if (!strcasecmp(arg, "SIGSEGV-unmapped")) {
         char* map = reinterpret_cast<char*>(mmap(nullptr, sizeof(int), PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                                                  MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0));
diff --git a/debuggerd/debuggerd.cpp b/debuggerd/debuggerd.cpp
index 0cc5f69..b016e23 100644
--- a/debuggerd/debuggerd.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/debuggerd.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <debuggerd/client.h>
 #include <procinfo/process.h>
-#include <selinux/selinux.h>
 #include "util.h"
 
 using android::base::unique_fd;
diff --git a/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp b/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp
index b51fc66..dbf81a4 100644
--- a/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp
@@ -16,10 +16,11 @@
 
 #include <err.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 #include <sys/capability.h>
 #include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/ptrace.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <chrono>
 #include <regex>
@@ -569,6 +570,40 @@
   ASSERT_BACKTRACE_FRAME(result, "tgkill");
 }
 
+TEST_F(CrasherTest, competing_tracer) {
+  int intercept_result;
+  unique_fd output_fd;
+  StartProcess([]() {
+    while (true) {
+    }
+  });
+
+  StartIntercept(&output_fd);
+  FinishCrasher();
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, crasher_pid, 0, 0));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, kill(crasher_pid, SIGABRT));
+
+  int status;
+  ASSERT_EQ(crasher_pid, waitpid(crasher_pid, &status, 0));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(WIFSTOPPED(status));
+  ASSERT_EQ(SIGABRT, WSTOPSIG(status));
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, crasher_pid, 0, SIGABRT));
+  FinishIntercept(&intercept_result);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1, intercept_result) << "tombstoned reported failure";
+
+  std::string result;
+  ConsumeFd(std::move(output_fd), &result);
+  std::string regex = R"(failed to attach to thread \d+, already traced by )";
+  regex += std::to_string(gettid());
+  regex += R"( \(.+debuggerd_test)";
+  ASSERT_MATCH(result, regex.c_str());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, crasher_pid, 0, SIGABRT));
+  AssertDeath(SIGABRT);
+}
+
 TEST(crash_dump, zombie) {
   pid_t forkpid = fork();
 
diff --git a/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_fallback.cpp b/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_fallback.cpp
index 43104ec..06d4a9b 100644
--- a/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_fallback.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_fallback.cpp
@@ -45,8 +45,8 @@
 #include "tombstoned/tombstoned.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
-#include "backtrace.h"
-#include "tombstone.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/backtrace.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/tombstone.h"
 
 using android::base::unique_fd;
 
diff --git a/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_handler.cpp b/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_handler.cpp
index 55cd03e..d41dc67 100644
--- a/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_handler.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_handler.cpp
@@ -48,10 +48,13 @@
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <async_safe/log.h>
 
 #include "dump_type.h"
 
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
 // see man(2) prctl, specifically the section about PR_GET_NAME
 #define MAX_TASK_NAME_LEN (16)
 
@@ -116,6 +119,25 @@
   fatal("%s: %s", buf, strerror(err));
 }
 
+static bool get_main_thread_name(char* buf, size_t len) {
+  unique_fd fd(open("/proc/self/comm", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
+  if (fd == -1) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  ssize_t rc = read(fd, buf, len);
+  if (rc == -1) {
+    return false;
+  } else if (rc == 0) {
+    // Should never happen?
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // There's a trailing newline, replace it with a NUL.
+  buf[rc - 1] = '\0';
+  return true;
+}
+
 /*
  * Writes a summary of the signal to the log file.  We do this so that, if
  * for some reason we're not able to contact debuggerd, there is still some
@@ -188,8 +210,14 @@
     }
   }
 
-  async_safe_format_log(ANDROID_LOG_FATAL, "libc", "Fatal signal %d (%s)%s%s in tid %d (%s)",
-                        signum, signal_name, code_desc, addr_desc, __gettid(), thread_name);
+  char main_thread_name[MAX_TASK_NAME_LEN + 1];
+  if (!get_main_thread_name(main_thread_name, sizeof(main_thread_name))) {
+    strncpy(main_thread_name, "<unknown>", sizeof(main_thread_name));
+  }
+
+  async_safe_format_log(
+      ANDROID_LOG_FATAL, "libc", "Fatal signal %d (%s)%s%s in tid %d (%s), pid %d (%s)", signum,
+      signal_name, code_desc, addr_desc, __gettid(), thread_name, __getpid(), main_thread_name);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -276,8 +304,8 @@
   TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup2(devnull, STDOUT_FILENO));
   TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup2(devnull, STDERR_FILENO));
 
-  int pipefds[2];
-  if (pipe(pipefds) != 0) {
+  unique_fd pipe_read, pipe_write;
+  if (!android::base::Pipe(&pipe_read, &pipe_write)) {
     fatal_errno("failed to create pipe");
   }
 
@@ -287,9 +315,9 @@
     async_safe_format_log(ANDROID_LOG_FATAL, "libc",
                           "failed to fork in debuggerd signal handler: %s", strerror(errno));
   } else if (forkpid == 0) {
-    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup2(pipefds[1], STDOUT_FILENO));
-    close(pipefds[0]);
-    close(pipefds[1]);
+    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup2(pipe_write.get(), STDOUT_FILENO));
+    pipe_write.reset();
+    pipe_read.reset();
 
     raise_caps();
 
@@ -307,9 +335,9 @@
 
     fatal_errno("exec failed");
   } else {
-    close(pipefds[1]);
+    pipe_write.reset();
     char buf[4];
-    ssize_t rc = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(pipefds[0], &buf, sizeof(buf)));
+    ssize_t rc = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(pipe_read.get(), &buf, sizeof(buf)));
     if (rc == -1) {
       async_safe_format_log(ANDROID_LOG_FATAL, "libc", "read of IPC pipe failed: %s",
                             strerror(errno));
@@ -325,7 +353,7 @@
         thread_info->crash_dump_started = true;
       }
     }
-    close(pipefds[0]);
+    pipe_read.reset();
 
     // Don't leave a zombie child.
     int status;
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/arm/machine.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/arm/machine.cpp
index ac833ae..bfb5ea4 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/arm/machine.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/arm/machine.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/machine.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -25,8 +27,7 @@
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "machine.h"
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 void dump_memory_and_code(log_t* log, Backtrace* backtrace) {
   pt_regs regs;
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/arm64/machine.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/arm64/machine.cpp
index fa73c99..ad1c951 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/arm64/machine.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/arm64/machine.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/machine.h"
+
 #include <elf.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
@@ -27,8 +29,7 @@
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "machine.h"
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 void dump_memory_and_code(log_t* log, Backtrace* backtrace) {
   struct user_pt_regs regs;
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/backtrace.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/backtrace.cpp
index 334d97f..f616e1b 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/backtrace.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/backtrace.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/backtrace.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <limits.h>
@@ -34,9 +36,7 @@
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "backtrace.h"
-
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 static void dump_process_header(log_t* log, pid_t pid, const char* process_name) {
   time_t t = time(NULL);
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/elf_utils.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/elf_utils.cpp
index 4e798e2..a35102f 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/elf_utils.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/elf_utils.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/elf_utils.h"
+
 #include <elf.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -27,8 +29,6 @@
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "elf_utils.h"
-
 #define NOTE_ALIGN(size)  (((size) + 3) & ~3)
 
 template <typename HdrType, typename PhdrType, typename NhdrType>
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/backtrace.h b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/backtrace.h
similarity index 100%
rename from debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/backtrace.h
rename to debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/backtrace.h
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/elf_utils.h b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/elf_utils.h
similarity index 100%
rename from debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/elf_utils.h
rename to debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/elf_utils.h
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/machine.h b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/machine.h
similarity index 100%
rename from debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/machine.h
rename to debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/machine.h
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/open_files_list.h b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/open_files_list.h
similarity index 100%
rename from debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/open_files_list.h
rename to debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/open_files_list.h
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/tombstone.h b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/tombstone.h
similarity index 82%
rename from debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/tombstone.h
rename to debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/tombstone.h
index 79743b6..45740df 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/tombstone.h
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/tombstone.h
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@
 int open_tombstone(std::string* path);
 
 /* Creates a tombstone file and writes the crash dump to it. */
-void engrave_tombstone(int tombstone_fd, BacktraceMap* map, const OpenFilesList* open_files,
-                       pid_t pid, pid_t tid, const std::string& process_name,
-                       const std::map<pid_t, std::string>& threads, uintptr_t abort_msg_address,
-                       std::string* amfd_data);
+void engrave_tombstone(int tombstone_fd, BacktraceMap* map, BacktraceMap* map_new,
+                       const OpenFilesList* open_files, pid_t pid, pid_t tid,
+                       const std::string& process_name, const std::map<pid_t, std::string>& threads,
+                       uintptr_t abort_msg_address, std::string* amfd_data);
 
 void engrave_tombstone_ucontext(int tombstone_fd, uintptr_t abort_msg_address, siginfo_t* siginfo,
                                 ucontext_t* ucontext);
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/utility.h b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/utility.h
similarity index 81%
rename from debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/utility.h
rename to debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/utility.h
index e5e5106..f481b78 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/utility.h
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/include/libdebuggerd/utility.h
@@ -24,26 +24,9 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 
-// Figure out the abi based on defined macros.
-#if defined(__arm__)
-#define ABI_STRING "arm"
-#elif defined(__aarch64__)
-#define ABI_STRING "arm64"
-#elif defined(__mips__) && !defined(__LP64__)
-#define ABI_STRING "mips"
-#elif defined(__mips__) && defined(__LP64__)
-#define ABI_STRING "mips64"
-#elif defined(__i386__)
-#define ABI_STRING "x86"
-#elif defined(__x86_64__)
-#define ABI_STRING "x86_64"
-#else
-#error "Unsupported ABI"
-#endif
-
-
 struct log_t{
     // Tombstone file descriptor.
     int tfd;
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/mips/machine.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/mips/machine.cpp
index cbf272a..1fc690b 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/mips/machine.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/mips/machine.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/machine.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
@@ -25,8 +27,7 @@
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "machine.h"
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 #define R(x) (static_cast<uintptr_t>(x))
 
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/mips64/machine.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/mips64/machine.cpp
index 0a8d532..955e507 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/mips64/machine.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/mips64/machine.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/machine.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
@@ -25,8 +27,7 @@
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "machine.h"
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 #define R(x) (static_cast<uintptr_t>(x))
 
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/open_files_list.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/open_files_list.cpp
index 5c7ea70..e199db8 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/open_files_list.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/open_files_list.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/open_files_list.h"
+
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -31,9 +33,7 @@
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "open_files_list.h"
-
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 void populate_open_files_list(pid_t pid, OpenFilesList* list) {
   std::string fd_dir_name = "/proc/" + std::to_string(pid) + "/fd";
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/dump_memory_test.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/dump_memory_test.cpp
index 49f3690..0fad2cf 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/dump_memory_test.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/dump_memory_test.cpp
@@ -22,9 +22,10 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
+
 #include "BacktraceMock.h"
 #include "log_fake.h"
-#include "utility.h"
 
 const char g_expected_full_dump[] =
 "\nmemory near r1:\n"
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/elf_fake.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/elf_fake.cpp
index bb52b59..f8cbca7 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/elf_fake.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/elf_fake.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "elf_fake.h"
+
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 #include <string>
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/log_fake.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/log_fake.cpp
index 3336bcb..68f4013 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/log_fake.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/log_fake.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "log_fake.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/open_files_list_test.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/open_files_list_test.cpp
index 85e0695..acac72c 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/open_files_list_test.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/open_files_list_test.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "android-base/test_utils.h"
 
-#include "open_files_list.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/open_files_list.h"
 
 // Check that we can produce a list of open files for the current process, and
 // that it includes a known open file.
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/ptrace_fake.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/ptrace_fake.cpp
index f40cbd4..0d4080e 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/ptrace_fake.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/ptrace_fake.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "ptrace_fake.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
@@ -21,8 +23,6 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
-#include "ptrace_fake.h"
-
 siginfo_t g_fake_si = {.si_signo = 0};
 
 void ptrace_set_fake_getsiginfo(const siginfo_t& si) {
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp
index 325210d..e79dd96 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 #include "BacktraceMock.h"
 #include "elf_fake.h"
@@ -220,21 +220,21 @@
   map.start = 0xa434000;
   map.end = 0xa435000;
   map.offset = 0x1000;
-  map.load_base = 0xd000;
+  map.load_bias = 0xd000;
   map.flags = PROT_WRITE;
   map_mock_->AddMap(map);
 
   map.start = 0xa534000;
   map.end = 0xa535000;
   map.offset = 0x3000;
-  map.load_base = 0x2000;
+  map.load_bias = 0x2000;
   map.flags = PROT_EXEC;
   map_mock_->AddMap(map);
 
   map.start = 0xa634000;
   map.end = 0xa635000;
   map.offset = 0;
-  map.load_base = 0;
+  map.load_bias = 0;
   map.flags = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC;
   map.name = "/system/lib/fake.so";
   map_mock_->AddMap(map);
@@ -244,20 +244,20 @@
   std::string tombstone_contents;
   ASSERT_TRUE(lseek(log_.tfd, 0, SEEK_SET) == 0);
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFdToString(log_.tfd, &tombstone_contents));
-  const char* expected_dump = \
-"\nmemory map:\n"
+  const char* expected_dump =
+      "\nmemory map:\n"
 #if defined(__LP64__)
-"    00000000'0a234000-00000000'0a234fff ---         0      1000\n"
-"    00000000'0a334000-00000000'0a334fff r--      f000      1000\n"
-"    00000000'0a434000-00000000'0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load base 0xd000)\n"
-"    00000000'0a534000-00000000'0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load base 0x2000)\n"
-"    00000000'0a634000-00000000'0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n";
+      "    00000000'0a234000-00000000'0a234fff ---         0      1000\n"
+      "    00000000'0a334000-00000000'0a334fff r--      f000      1000\n"
+      "    00000000'0a434000-00000000'0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load bias 0xd000)\n"
+      "    00000000'0a534000-00000000'0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load bias 0x2000)\n"
+      "    00000000'0a634000-00000000'0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n";
 #else
-"    0a234000-0a234fff ---         0      1000\n"
-"    0a334000-0a334fff r--      f000      1000\n"
-"    0a434000-0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load base 0xd000)\n"
-"    0a534000-0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load base 0x2000)\n"
-"    0a634000-0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n";
+      "    0a234000-0a234fff ---         0      1000\n"
+      "    0a334000-0a334fff r--      f000      1000\n"
+      "    0a434000-0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load bias 0xd000)\n"
+      "    0a534000-0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load bias 0x2000)\n"
+      "    0a634000-0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n";
 #endif
   ASSERT_STREQ(expected_dump, tombstone_contents.c_str());
 
@@ -274,21 +274,21 @@
   map.start = 0xa434000;
   map.end = 0xa435000;
   map.offset = 0x1000;
-  map.load_base = 0xd000;
+  map.load_bias = 0xd000;
   map.flags = PROT_WRITE;
   map_mock_->AddMap(map);
 
   map.start = 0xa534000;
   map.end = 0xa535000;
   map.offset = 0x3000;
-  map.load_base = 0x2000;
+  map.load_bias = 0x2000;
   map.flags = PROT_EXEC;
   map_mock_->AddMap(map);
 
   map.start = 0xa634000;
   map.end = 0xa635000;
   map.offset = 0;
-  map.load_base = 0;
+  map.load_bias = 0;
   map.flags = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC;
   map.name = "/system/lib/fake.so";
   map_mock_->AddMap(map);
@@ -304,18 +304,18 @@
   std::string tombstone_contents;
   ASSERT_TRUE(lseek(log_.tfd, 0, SEEK_SET) == 0);
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFdToString(log_.tfd, &tombstone_contents));
-  const char* expected_dump = \
-"\nmemory map: (fault address prefixed with --->)\n"
+  const char* expected_dump =
+      "\nmemory map: (fault address prefixed with --->)\n"
 #if defined(__LP64__)
-"--->Fault address falls at 00000000'00001000 before any mapped regions\n"
-"    00000000'0a434000-00000000'0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load base 0xd000)\n"
-"    00000000'0a534000-00000000'0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load base 0x2000)\n"
-"    00000000'0a634000-00000000'0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n";
+      "--->Fault address falls at 00000000'00001000 before any mapped regions\n"
+      "    00000000'0a434000-00000000'0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load bias 0xd000)\n"
+      "    00000000'0a534000-00000000'0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load bias 0x2000)\n"
+      "    00000000'0a634000-00000000'0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n";
 #else
-"--->Fault address falls at 00001000 before any mapped regions\n"
-"    0a434000-0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load base 0xd000)\n"
-"    0a534000-0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load base 0x2000)\n"
-"    0a634000-0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n";
+      "--->Fault address falls at 00001000 before any mapped regions\n"
+      "    0a434000-0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load bias 0xd000)\n"
+      "    0a534000-0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load bias 0x2000)\n"
+      "    0a634000-0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n";
 #endif
   ASSERT_STREQ(expected_dump, tombstone_contents.c_str());
 
@@ -332,21 +332,21 @@
   map.start = 0xa434000;
   map.end = 0xa435000;
   map.offset = 0x1000;
-  map.load_base = 0xd000;
+  map.load_bias = 0xd000;
   map.flags = PROT_WRITE;
   map_mock_->AddMap(map);
 
   map.start = 0xa534000;
   map.end = 0xa535000;
   map.offset = 0x3000;
-  map.load_base = 0x2000;
+  map.load_bias = 0x2000;
   map.flags = PROT_EXEC;
   map_mock_->AddMap(map);
 
   map.start = 0xa634000;
   map.end = 0xa635000;
   map.offset = 0;
-  map.load_base = 0;
+  map.load_bias = 0;
   map.flags = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC;
   map.name = "/system/lib/fake.so";
   map_mock_->AddMap(map);
@@ -362,18 +362,18 @@
   std::string tombstone_contents;
   ASSERT_TRUE(lseek(log_.tfd, 0, SEEK_SET) == 0);
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFdToString(log_.tfd, &tombstone_contents));
-  const char* expected_dump = \
-"\nmemory map: (fault address prefixed with --->)\n"
+  const char* expected_dump =
+      "\nmemory map: (fault address prefixed with --->)\n"
 #if defined(__LP64__)
-"    00000000'0a434000-00000000'0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load base 0xd000)\n"
-"--->Fault address falls at 00000000'0a533000 between mapped regions\n"
-"    00000000'0a534000-00000000'0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load base 0x2000)\n"
-"    00000000'0a634000-00000000'0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n";
+      "    00000000'0a434000-00000000'0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load bias 0xd000)\n"
+      "--->Fault address falls at 00000000'0a533000 between mapped regions\n"
+      "    00000000'0a534000-00000000'0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load bias 0x2000)\n"
+      "    00000000'0a634000-00000000'0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n";
 #else
-"    0a434000-0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load base 0xd000)\n"
-"--->Fault address falls at 0a533000 between mapped regions\n"
-"    0a534000-0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load base 0x2000)\n"
-"    0a634000-0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n";
+      "    0a434000-0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load bias 0xd000)\n"
+      "--->Fault address falls at 0a533000 between mapped regions\n"
+      "    0a534000-0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load bias 0x2000)\n"
+      "    0a634000-0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n";
 #endif
   ASSERT_STREQ(expected_dump, tombstone_contents.c_str());
 
@@ -390,21 +390,21 @@
   map.start = 0xa434000;
   map.end = 0xa435000;
   map.offset = 0x1000;
-  map.load_base = 0xd000;
+  map.load_bias = 0xd000;
   map.flags = PROT_WRITE;
   map_mock_->AddMap(map);
 
   map.start = 0xa534000;
   map.end = 0xa535000;
   map.offset = 0x3000;
-  map.load_base = 0x2000;
+  map.load_bias = 0x2000;
   map.flags = PROT_EXEC;
   map_mock_->AddMap(map);
 
   map.start = 0xa634000;
   map.end = 0xa635000;
   map.offset = 0;
-  map.load_base = 0;
+  map.load_bias = 0;
   map.flags = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC;
   map.name = "/system/lib/fake.so";
   map_mock_->AddMap(map);
@@ -420,16 +420,16 @@
   std::string tombstone_contents;
   ASSERT_TRUE(lseek(log_.tfd, 0, SEEK_SET) == 0);
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFdToString(log_.tfd, &tombstone_contents));
-  const char* expected_dump = \
-"\nmemory map: (fault address prefixed with --->)\n"
+  const char* expected_dump =
+      "\nmemory map: (fault address prefixed with --->)\n"
 #if defined(__LP64__)
-"    00000000'0a434000-00000000'0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load base 0xd000)\n"
-"--->00000000'0a534000-00000000'0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load base 0x2000)\n"
-"    00000000'0a634000-00000000'0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n";
+      "    00000000'0a434000-00000000'0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load bias 0xd000)\n"
+      "--->00000000'0a534000-00000000'0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load bias 0x2000)\n"
+      "    00000000'0a634000-00000000'0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n";
 #else
-"    0a434000-0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load base 0xd000)\n"
-"--->0a534000-0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load base 0x2000)\n"
-"    0a634000-0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n";
+      "    0a434000-0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load bias 0xd000)\n"
+      "--->0a534000-0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load bias 0x2000)\n"
+      "    0a634000-0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n";
 #endif
   ASSERT_STREQ(expected_dump, tombstone_contents.c_str());
 
@@ -446,21 +446,21 @@
   map.start = 0xa434000;
   map.end = 0xa435000;
   map.offset = 0x1000;
-  map.load_base = 0xd000;
+  map.load_bias = 0xd000;
   map.flags = PROT_WRITE;
   map_mock_->AddMap(map);
 
   map.start = 0xa534000;
   map.end = 0xa535000;
   map.offset = 0x3000;
-  map.load_base = 0x2000;
+  map.load_bias = 0x2000;
   map.flags = PROT_EXEC;
   map_mock_->AddMap(map);
 
   map.start = 0xa634000;
   map.end = 0xa635000;
   map.offset = 0;
-  map.load_base = 0;
+  map.load_bias = 0;
   map.flags = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC;
   map.name = "/system/lib/fake.so";
   map_mock_->AddMap(map);
@@ -480,18 +480,18 @@
   std::string tombstone_contents;
   ASSERT_TRUE(lseek(log_.tfd, 0, SEEK_SET) == 0);
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFdToString(log_.tfd, &tombstone_contents));
-  const char* expected_dump = \
-"\nmemory map: (fault address prefixed with --->)\n"
+  const char* expected_dump =
+      "\nmemory map: (fault address prefixed with --->)\n"
 #if defined(__LP64__)
-"    00000000'0a434000-00000000'0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load base 0xd000)\n"
-"    00000000'0a534000-00000000'0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load base 0x2000)\n"
-"    00000000'0a634000-00000000'0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n"
-"--->Fault address falls at 00001234'5a534040 after any mapped regions\n";
+      "    00000000'0a434000-00000000'0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load bias 0xd000)\n"
+      "    00000000'0a534000-00000000'0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load bias 0x2000)\n"
+      "    00000000'0a634000-00000000'0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n"
+      "--->Fault address falls at 00001234'5a534040 after any mapped regions\n";
 #else
-"    0a434000-0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load base 0xd000)\n"
-"    0a534000-0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load base 0x2000)\n"
-"    0a634000-0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n"
-"--->Fault address falls at 0f534040 after any mapped regions\n";
+      "    0a434000-0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load bias 0xd000)\n"
+      "    0a534000-0a534fff --x      3000      1000  (load bias 0x2000)\n"
+      "    0a634000-0a634fff rwx         0      1000  /system/lib/fake.so\n"
+      "--->Fault address falls at 0f534040 after any mapped regions\n";
 #endif
   ASSERT_STREQ(expected_dump, tombstone_contents.c_str());
 
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@
   map.start = 0xa434000;
   map.end = 0xa435000;
   map.offset = 0x1000;
-  map.load_base = 0xd000;
+  map.load_bias = 0xd000;
   map.flags = PROT_WRITE;
   map_mock_->AddMap(map);
 
@@ -520,12 +520,12 @@
   std::string tombstone_contents;
   ASSERT_TRUE(lseek(log_.tfd, 0, SEEK_SET) == 0);
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFdToString(log_.tfd, &tombstone_contents));
-  const char* expected_dump = \
-"\nmemory map:\n"
+  const char* expected_dump =
+      "\nmemory map:\n"
 #if defined(__LP64__)
-"    00000000'0a434000-00000000'0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load base 0xd000)\n";
+      "    00000000'0a434000-00000000'0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load bias 0xd000)\n";
 #else
-"    0a434000-0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load base 0xd000)\n";
+      "    0a434000-0a434fff -w-      1000      1000  (load bias 0xd000)\n";
 #endif
   ASSERT_STREQ(expected_dump, tombstone_contents.c_str());
 
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp
index 996d714..f5ecf48 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/tombstone.h"
+
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -43,22 +45,18 @@
 #include <log/logprint.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
+// Needed to get DEBUGGER_SIGNAL.
 #include "debuggerd/handler.h"
 
-#include "backtrace.h"
-#include "elf_utils.h"
-#include "machine.h"
-#include "open_files_list.h"
-#include "tombstone.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/backtrace.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/elf_utils.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/machine.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/open_files_list.h"
 
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 
 #define STACK_WORDS 16
 
-#define MAX_TOMBSTONES  10
-#define TOMBSTONE_DIR   "/data/tombstones"
-#define TOMBSTONE_TEMPLATE (TOMBSTONE_DIR"/tombstone_%02d")
-
 static bool signal_has_si_addr(int si_signo, int si_code) {
   // Manually sent signals won't have si_addr.
   if (si_code == SI_USER || si_code == SI_QUEUE || si_code == SI_TKILL) {
@@ -466,11 +464,11 @@
         line += " (BuildId: " + build_id + ")";
       }
     }
-    if (it->load_base != 0) {
+    if (it->load_bias != 0) {
       if (space_needed) {
         line += ' ';
       }
-      line += StringPrintf(" (load base 0x%" PRIxPTR ")", it->load_base);
+      line += StringPrintf(" (load bias 0x%" PRIxPTR ")", it->load_bias);
     }
     _LOG(log, logtype::MAPS, "%s\n", line.c_str());
   }
@@ -495,8 +493,55 @@
   _LOG(log, logtype::REGISTERS, "    register dumping unimplemented on this architecture");
 }
 
-static void dump_thread(log_t* log, pid_t pid, pid_t tid, const std::string& process_name,
-                        const std::string& thread_name, BacktraceMap* map,
+static bool verify_backtraces_equal(Backtrace* back1, Backtrace* back2) {
+  if (back1->NumFrames() != back2->NumFrames()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  std::string back1_str;
+  std::string back2_str;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < back1->NumFrames(); i++) {
+    back1_str += back1->FormatFrameData(i);
+    back2_str += back2->FormatFrameData(i);
+  }
+  return back1_str == back2_str;
+}
+
+static void log_mismatch_data(log_t* log, Backtrace* backtrace) {
+  _LOG(log, logtype::THREAD, "MISMATCH: This unwind is different.\n");
+  if (backtrace->NumFrames() == 0) {
+    _LOG(log, logtype::THREAD, "MISMATCH: No frames in new backtrace.\n");
+    return;
+  }
+  _LOG(log, logtype::THREAD, "MISMATCH: Backtrace from new unwinder.\n");
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < backtrace->NumFrames(); i++) {
+    _LOG(log, logtype::THREAD, "MISMATCH: %s\n", backtrace->FormatFrameData(i).c_str());
+  }
+
+  // Get the stack trace up to 8192 bytes.
+  std::vector<uint64_t> buffer(8192 / sizeof(uint64_t));
+  size_t bytes =
+      backtrace->Read(backtrace->GetFrame(0)->sp, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer.data()),
+                      buffer.size() * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  std::string log_data;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes / sizeof(uint64_t); i++) {
+    if ((i % 4) == 0) {
+      if (!log_data.empty()) {
+        _LOG(log, logtype::THREAD, "MISMATCH: stack_data%s\n", log_data.c_str());
+        log_data = "";
+      }
+    }
+    log_data += android::base::StringPrintf(" 0x%016" PRIx64, buffer[i]);
+  }
+
+  if (!log_data.empty()) {
+    _LOG(log, logtype::THREAD, "MISMATCH: data%s\n", log_data.c_str());
+  }
+
+  // If there is any leftover (bytes % sizeof(uint64_t) != 0, ignore it for now.
+}
+
+static bool dump_thread(log_t* log, pid_t pid, pid_t tid, const std::string& process_name,
+                        const std::string& thread_name, BacktraceMap* map, BacktraceMap* map_new,
                         uintptr_t abort_msg_address, bool primary_thread) {
   log->current_tid = tid;
   if (!primary_thread) {
@@ -510,7 +555,18 @@
     dump_abort_message(backtrace.get(), log, abort_msg_address);
   }
   dump_registers(log, tid);
+  bool matches = true;
   if (backtrace->Unwind(0)) {
+    // Use the new method and verify it is the same as old.
+    std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace_new(Backtrace::CreateNew(pid, tid, map_new));
+    if (!backtrace_new->Unwind(0)) {
+      _LOG(log, logtype::THREAD, "Failed to unwind with new unwinder: %s\n",
+           backtrace_new->GetErrorString(backtrace_new->GetError()).c_str());
+      matches = false;
+    } else if (!verify_backtraces_equal(backtrace.get(), backtrace_new.get())) {
+      log_mismatch_data(log, backtrace_new.get());
+      matches = false;
+    }
     dump_backtrace_and_stack(backtrace.get(), log);
   } else {
     ALOGE("Unwind failed: pid = %d, tid = %d", pid, tid);
@@ -524,6 +580,8 @@
   }
 
   log->current_tid = log->crashed_tid;
+
+  return matches;
 }
 
 // Reads the contents of the specified log device, filters out the entries
@@ -657,9 +715,10 @@
 }
 
 // Dumps all information about the specified pid to the tombstone.
-static void dump_crash(log_t* log, BacktraceMap* map, const OpenFilesList* open_files, pid_t pid,
-                       pid_t tid, const std::string& process_name,
-                       const std::map<pid_t, std::string>& threads, uintptr_t abort_msg_address) {
+static void dump_crash(log_t* log, BacktraceMap* map, BacktraceMap* map_new,
+                       const OpenFilesList* open_files, pid_t pid, pid_t tid,
+                       const std::string& process_name, const std::map<pid_t, std::string>& threads,
+                       uintptr_t abort_msg_address) {
   // don't copy log messages to tombstone unless this is a dev device
   char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
   property_get("ro.debuggable", value, "0");
@@ -668,7 +727,8 @@
   _LOG(log, logtype::HEADER,
        "*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***\n");
   dump_header_info(log);
-  dump_thread(log, pid, tid, process_name, threads.find(tid)->second, map, abort_msg_address, true);
+  bool new_unwind_matches = dump_thread(log, pid, tid, process_name, threads.find(tid)->second, map,
+                                        map_new, abort_msg_address, true);
   if (want_logs) {
     dump_logs(log, pid, 5);
   }
@@ -678,7 +738,9 @@
     const std::string& thread_name = it.second;
 
     if (thread_tid != tid) {
-      dump_thread(log, pid, thread_tid, process_name, thread_name, map, 0, false);
+      bool match =
+          dump_thread(log, pid, thread_tid, process_name, thread_name, map, map_new, 0, false);
+      new_unwind_matches = new_unwind_matches && match;
     }
   }
 
@@ -690,71 +752,26 @@
   if (want_logs) {
     dump_logs(log, pid, 0);
   }
+  if (!new_unwind_matches) {
+    _LOG(log, logtype::THREAD, "MISMATCH: New and old unwinder do not agree.\n");
+    _LOG(log, logtype::THREAD, "MISMATCH: If you see this please file a bug in:\n");
+    _LOG(log, logtype::THREAD,
+         "MISMATCH: Android > Android OS & Apps > Runtime > native > tools "
+         "(debuggerd/gdb/init/simpleperf/strace/valgrind)\n");
+    _LOG(log, logtype::THREAD, "MISMATCH: and attach this tombstone.\n");
+  }
 }
 
-// open_tombstone - find an available tombstone slot, if any, of the
-// form tombstone_XX where XX is 00 to MAX_TOMBSTONES-1, inclusive. If no
-// file is available, we reuse the least-recently-modified file.
-int open_tombstone(std::string* out_path) {
-  // In a single pass, find an available slot and, in case none
-  // exist, find and record the least-recently-modified file.
-  char path[128];
-  int fd = -1;
-  int oldest = -1;
-  struct stat oldest_sb;
-  for (int i = 0; i < MAX_TOMBSTONES; i++) {
-    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), TOMBSTONE_TEMPLATE, i);
-
-    struct stat sb;
-    if (stat(path, &sb) == 0) {
-      if (oldest < 0 || sb.st_mtime < oldest_sb.st_mtime) {
-        oldest = i;
-        oldest_sb.st_mtime = sb.st_mtime;
-      }
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (errno != ENOENT) continue;
-
-    fd = open(path, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_WRONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC, 0600);
-    if (fd < 0) continue;  // raced ?
-
-    if (out_path) {
-      *out_path = path;
-    }
-    fchown(fd, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM);
-    return fd;
-  }
-
-  if (oldest < 0) {
-    ALOGE("debuggerd: failed to find a valid tombstone, default to using tombstone 0.\n");
-    oldest = 0;
-  }
-
-  // we didn't find an available file, so we clobber the oldest one
-  snprintf(path, sizeof(path), TOMBSTONE_TEMPLATE, oldest);
-  fd = open(path, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC, 0600);
-  if (fd < 0) {
-    ALOGE("debuggerd: failed to open tombstone file '%s': %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  if (out_path) {
-    *out_path = path;
-  }
-  fchown(fd, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM);
-  return fd;
-}
-
-void engrave_tombstone(int tombstone_fd, BacktraceMap* map, const OpenFilesList* open_files,
-                       pid_t pid, pid_t tid, const std::string& process_name,
-                       const std::map<pid_t, std::string>& threads, uintptr_t abort_msg_address,
-                       std::string* amfd_data) {
+void engrave_tombstone(int tombstone_fd, BacktraceMap* map, BacktraceMap* map_new,
+                       const OpenFilesList* open_files, pid_t pid, pid_t tid,
+                       const std::string& process_name, const std::map<pid_t, std::string>& threads,
+                       uintptr_t abort_msg_address, std::string* amfd_data) {
   log_t log;
   log.current_tid = tid;
   log.crashed_tid = tid;
   log.tfd = tombstone_fd;
   log.amfd_data = amfd_data;
-  dump_crash(&log, map, open_files, pid, tid, process_name, threads, abort_msg_address);
+  dump_crash(&log, map, map_new, open_files, pid, tid, process_name, threads, abort_msg_address);
 }
 
 void engrave_tombstone_ucontext(int tombstone_fd, uintptr_t abort_msg_address, siginfo_t* siginfo,
@@ -783,10 +800,22 @@
   dump_abort_message(backtrace.get(), &log, abort_msg_address);
   dump_registers(&log, ucontext);
 
-  // TODO: Dump registers from the ucontext.
   if (backtrace->Unwind(0, ucontext)) {
     dump_backtrace_and_stack(backtrace.get(), &log);
   } else {
     ALOGE("Unwind failed: pid = %d, tid = %d", pid, tid);
   }
+
+  // TODO: Make this match the format of dump_all_maps above.
+  _LOG(&log, logtype::MAPS, "memory map:\n");
+  android::base::unique_fd maps_fd(open("/proc/self/maps", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
+  if (maps_fd == -1) {
+    _LOG(&log, logtype::MAPS, "    failed to open /proc/self/maps: %s", strerror(errno));
+  } else {
+    char buf[256];
+    ssize_t rc;
+    while ((rc = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(maps_fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf)))) > 0) {
+      android::base::WriteFully(tombstone_fd, buf, rc);
+    }
+  }
 }
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/utility.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/utility.cpp
index 7f450e6..1b74652 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/utility.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/utility.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <signal.h>
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/x86/machine.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/x86/machine.cpp
index af10817..09a64cd 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/x86/machine.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/x86/machine.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/machine.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -24,8 +26,7 @@
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "machine.h"
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 void dump_memory_and_code(log_t* log, Backtrace* backtrace) {
   struct pt_regs r;
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/x86_64/machine.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/x86_64/machine.cpp
index bf2c2b4..de1c268 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/x86_64/machine.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/x86_64/machine.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG"
 
+#include "libdebuggerd/machine.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -25,8 +27,7 @@
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "machine.h"
-#include "utility.h"
+#include "libdebuggerd/utility.h"
 
 void dump_memory_and_code(log_t* log, Backtrace* backtrace) {
   struct user_regs_struct r;
diff --git a/debuggerd/tombstoned/tombstoned.cpp b/debuggerd/tombstoned/tombstoned.cpp
index 93c7fb5..1bf8f14 100644
--- a/debuggerd/tombstoned/tombstoned.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/tombstoned/tombstoned.cpp
@@ -389,8 +389,9 @@
 
   intercept_manager = new InterceptManager(base, intercept_socket);
 
-  evconnlistener* tombstone_listener = evconnlistener_new(
-      base, crash_accept_cb, CrashQueue::for_tombstones(), -1, LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE, crash_socket);
+  evconnlistener* tombstone_listener =
+      evconnlistener_new(base, crash_accept_cb, CrashQueue::for_tombstones(), LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE,
+                         -1 /* backlog */, crash_socket);
   if (!tombstone_listener) {
     LOG(FATAL) << "failed to create evconnlistener for tombstones.";
   }
@@ -402,8 +403,9 @@
     }
 
     evutil_make_socket_nonblocking(java_trace_socket);
-    evconnlistener* java_trace_listener = evconnlistener_new(
-        base, crash_accept_cb, CrashQueue::for_anrs(), -1, LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE, java_trace_socket);
+    evconnlistener* java_trace_listener =
+        evconnlistener_new(base, crash_accept_cb, CrashQueue::for_anrs(), LEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE,
+                           -1 /* backlog */, java_trace_socket);
     if (!java_trace_listener) {
       LOG(FATAL) << "failed to create evconnlistener for java traces.";
     }
diff --git a/debuggerd/util.cpp b/debuggerd/util.cpp
index c6a997b..0bb07ac 100644
--- a/debuggerd/util.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/util.cpp
@@ -86,13 +86,3 @@
 
   return result;
 }
-
-bool Pipe(unique_fd* read, unique_fd* write) {
-  int pipefds[2];
-  if (pipe(pipefds) != 0) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  read->reset(pipefds[0]);
-  write->reset(pipefds[1]);
-  return true;
-}
diff --git a/debuggerd/util.h b/debuggerd/util.h
index 6051714..171e07a 100644
--- a/debuggerd/util.h
+++ b/debuggerd/util.h
@@ -42,5 +42,3 @@
 //   plus any errors returned by the underlying recvmsg.
 ssize_t recv_fd(int sockfd, void* _Nonnull data, size_t len,
                 android::base::unique_fd* _Nullable out_fd);
-
-bool Pipe(android::base::unique_fd* read, android::base::unique_fd* write);
diff --git a/demangle/Android.bp b/demangle/Android.bp
index e55c886..89b8772 100644
--- a/demangle/Android.bp
+++ b/demangle/Android.bp
@@ -24,6 +24,12 @@
         "-Werror",
         "-Wextra",
     ],
+
+    target: {
+        linux_bionic: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+    },
 }
 
 cc_library {
diff --git a/fastboot/Android.mk b/fastboot/Android.mk
index 80def73..dd8bad9 100644
--- a/fastboot/Android.mk
+++ b/fastboot/Android.mk
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := debug
 LOCAL_MODULE_HOST_OS := darwin linux windows
 LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wunreachable-code
+LOCAL_REQUIRED_MODULES := mke2fs e2fsdroid
 
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES_linux := usb_linux.cpp
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES_linux := libselinux
@@ -85,6 +86,8 @@
 include $(BUILD_HOST_EXECUTABLE)
 
 my_dist_files := $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE)
+my_dist_files += $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/mke2fs$(HOST_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX)
+my_dist_files += $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/e2fsdroid$(HOST_EXECUTABLE_SUFFIX)
 ifeq ($(HOST_OS),linux)
 my_dist_files += $(HOST_LIBRARY_PATH)/libf2fs_fmt_host_dyn$(HOST_SHLIB_SUFFIX)
 endif
diff --git a/fastboot/fastboot.cpp b/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
index 271ca95..5f2267c 100644
--- a/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
@@ -93,6 +93,9 @@
 static unsigned second_offset  = 0x00f00000;
 static unsigned tags_offset    = 0x00000100;
 
+static bool g_disable_verity = false;
+static bool g_disable_verification = false;
+
 static const std::string convert_fbe_marker_filename("convert_fbe");
 
 enum fb_buffer_type {
@@ -419,6 +422,10 @@
             "  --skip-reboot                            Will not reboot the device when\n"
             "                                           performing commands that normally\n"
             "                                           trigger a reboot.\n"
+            "  --disable-verity                         Set the disable-verity flag in the\n"
+            "                                           the vbmeta image being flashed.\n"
+            "  --disable-verification                   Set the disable-verification flag in"
+            "                                           the vbmeta image being flashed.\n"
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
             "  --wipe-and-use-fbe                       On devices which support it,\n"
             "                                           erase userdata and cache, and\n"
@@ -858,10 +865,55 @@
     return load_buf_fd(transport, fd.release(), buf);
 }
 
+static void rewrite_vbmeta_buffer(struct fastboot_buffer* buf) {
+    // Buffer needs to be at least the size of the VBMeta struct which
+    // is 256 bytes.
+    if (buf->sz < 256) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int fd = make_temporary_fd();
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        die("Failed to create temporary file for vbmeta rewriting");
+    }
+
+    std::string data;
+    if (!android::base::ReadFdToString(buf->fd, &data)) {
+        die("Failed reading from vbmeta");
+    }
+
+    // There's a 32-bit big endian |flags| field at offset 120 where
+    // bit 0 corresponds to disable-verity and bit 1 corresponds to
+    // disable-verification.
+    //
+    // See external/avb/libavb/avb_vbmeta_image.h for the layout of
+    // the VBMeta struct.
+    if (g_disable_verity) {
+        data[123] |= 0x01;
+    }
+    if (g_disable_verification) {
+        data[123] |= 0x02;
+    }
+
+    if (!android::base::WriteStringToFd(data, fd)) {
+        die("Failed writing to modified vbmeta");
+    }
+    close(buf->fd);
+    buf->fd = fd;
+    lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
+}
+
 static void flash_buf(const char *pname, struct fastboot_buffer *buf)
 {
     sparse_file** s;
 
+    // Rewrite vbmeta if that's what we're flashing and modification has been requested.
+    if ((g_disable_verity || g_disable_verification) &&
+        (strcmp(pname, "vbmeta") == 0 || strcmp(pname, "vbmeta_a") == 0 ||
+         strcmp(pname, "vbmeta_b") == 0)) {
+        rewrite_vbmeta_buffer(buf);
+    }
+
     switch (buf->type) {
         case FB_BUFFER_SPARSE: {
             std::vector<std::pair<sparse_file*, int64_t>> sparse_files;
@@ -1411,7 +1463,7 @@
 
     if (fs_generator_generate(gen, output.path, size, initial_dir,
             eraseBlkSize, logicalBlkSize)) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot generate image: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+        die("Cannot generate image for %s\n", partition);
         return;
     }
 
@@ -1470,6 +1522,8 @@
         {"set-active", optional_argument, 0, 'a'},
         {"skip-secondary", no_argument, 0, 0},
         {"skip-reboot", no_argument, 0, 0},
+        {"disable-verity", no_argument, 0, 0},
+        {"disable-verification", no_argument, 0, 0},
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
         {"wipe-and-use-fbe", no_argument, 0, 0},
 #endif
@@ -1555,6 +1609,10 @@
                 skip_secondary = true;
             } else if (strcmp("skip-reboot", longopts[longindex].name) == 0 ) {
                 skip_reboot = true;
+            } else if (strcmp("disable-verity", longopts[longindex].name) == 0 ) {
+                g_disable_verity = true;
+            } else if (strcmp("disable-verification", longopts[longindex].name) == 0 ) {
+                g_disable_verification = true;
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
             } else if (strcmp("wipe-and-use-fbe", longopts[longindex].name) == 0) {
                 wants_wipe = true;
diff --git a/fastboot/fs.cpp b/fastboot/fs.cpp
index 99ca7dd..709f061 100644
--- a/fastboot/fs.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fs.cpp
@@ -10,28 +10,148 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
+#ifndef WIN32
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#else
+#include <tchar.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
 #include <unistd.h>
+#include <vector>
 
+#include <android-base/errors.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/make_ext4fs.h>
 #include <sparse/sparse.h>
 
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
 using android::base::unique_fd;
 
-static int generate_ext4_image(const char* fileName, long long partSize, const std::string& initial_dir,
-                                       unsigned eraseBlkSize, unsigned logicalBlkSize)
-{
-    unique_fd fd(open(fileName, O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR));
-    if (fd == -1) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Unable to open output file for EXT4 filesystem: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+#ifdef WIN32
+static int exec_e2fs_cmd(const char* path, char* const argv[]) {
+    std::string cmd;
+    int i = 0;
+    while (argv[i] != nullptr) {
+        cmd += argv[i++];
+        cmd += " ";
+    }
+    cmd = cmd.substr(0, cmd.size() - 1);
+
+    STARTUPINFO si;
+    PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
+    DWORD exit_code = 0;
+
+    ZeroMemory(&si, sizeof(si));
+    si.cb = sizeof(si);
+    ZeroMemory(&pi, sizeof(pi));
+
+    SetEnvironmentVariableA("MKE2FS_CONFIG", "");
+
+    if (!CreateProcessA(nullptr,                         // No module name (use command line)
+                        const_cast<char*>(cmd.c_str()),  // Command line
+                        nullptr,                         // Process handle not inheritable
+                        nullptr,                         // Thread handle not inheritable
+                        FALSE,                           // Set handle inheritance to FALSE
+                        0,                               // No creation flags
+                        nullptr,                         // Use parent's environment block
+                        nullptr,                         // Use parent's starting directory
+                        &si,                             // Pointer to STARTUPINFO structure
+                        &pi)                             // Pointer to PROCESS_INFORMATION structure
+    ) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "CreateProcess failed: %s\n",
+                android::base::SystemErrorCodeToString(GetLastError()).c_str());
         return -1;
     }
-    if (initial_dir.empty()) {
-        make_ext4fs_sparse_fd_align(fd, partSize, NULL, NULL, eraseBlkSize, logicalBlkSize);
-    } else {
-        make_ext4fs_sparse_fd_directory_align(fd, partSize, NULL, NULL, initial_dir.c_str(),
-                                              eraseBlkSize, logicalBlkSize);
+
+    WaitForSingleObject(pi.hProcess, INFINITE);
+
+    GetExitCodeProcess(pi.hProcess, &exit_code);
+
+    CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
+    CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
+
+    return exit_code != 0;
+}
+#else
+static int exec_e2fs_cmd(const char* path, char* const argv[]) {
+    int status;
+    pid_t child;
+    if ((child = fork()) == 0) {
+        setenv("MKE2FS_CONFIG", "", 1);
+        execvp(path, argv);
+        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
     }
+    if (child < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s failed with fork %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(waitpid(child, &status, 0)) == -1) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s failed with waitpid %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+    int ret = -1;
+    if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
+        ret = WEXITSTATUS(status);
+        if (ret != 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s failed with status %d\n", path, ret);
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int generate_ext4_image(const char* fileName, long long partSize,
+                               const std::string& initial_dir, unsigned eraseBlkSize,
+                               unsigned logicalBlkSize) {
+    static constexpr int block_size = 4096;
+    const std::string exec_dir = android::base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+
+    const std::string mke2fs_path = exec_dir + "/mke2fs";
+    std::vector<const char*> mke2fs_args = {mke2fs_path.c_str(), "-t", "ext4", "-b"};
+
+    std::string block_size_str = std::to_string(block_size);
+    mke2fs_args.push_back(block_size_str.c_str());
+
+    std::string ext_attr = "android_sparse";
+    if (eraseBlkSize != 0 && logicalBlkSize != 0) {
+        int raid_stride = logicalBlkSize / block_size;
+        int raid_stripe_width = eraseBlkSize / block_size;
+        // stride should be the max of 8kb and logical block size
+        if (logicalBlkSize != 0 && logicalBlkSize < 8192) raid_stride = 8192 / block_size;
+        ext_attr += StringPrintf(",stride=%d,stripe-width=%d", raid_stride, raid_stripe_width);
+    }
+    mke2fs_args.push_back("-E");
+    mke2fs_args.push_back(ext_attr.c_str());
+    mke2fs_args.push_back("-O");
+    mke2fs_args.push_back("uninit_bg");
+    mke2fs_args.push_back(fileName);
+
+    std::string size_str = std::to_string(partSize / block_size);
+    mke2fs_args.push_back(size_str.c_str());
+    mke2fs_args.push_back(nullptr);
+
+    int ret = exec_e2fs_cmd(mke2fs_args[0], const_cast<char**>(mke2fs_args.data()));
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "mke2fs failed: %d\n", ret);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (initial_dir.empty()) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    const std::string e2fsdroid_path = exec_dir + "/e2fsdroid";
+    std::vector<const char*> e2fsdroid_args = {e2fsdroid_path.c_str(), "-f", initial_dir.c_str(),
+                                               fileName, nullptr};
+
+    ret = exec_e2fs_cmd(e2fsdroid_args[0], const_cast<char**>(e2fsdroid_args.data()));
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "e2fsdroid failed: %d\n", ret);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/fastboot/usb_osx.cpp b/fastboot/usb_osx.cpp
index 9069baa..e95b049 100644
--- a/fastboot/usb_osx.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/usb_osx.cpp
@@ -93,12 +93,9 @@
     SInt32 score;
     UInt8 interfaceNumEndpoints;
 
-    // Placing the constant KIOUSBFindInterfaceDontCare into the following
-    // fields of the IOUSBFindInterfaceRequest structure will allow us to
-    // find all of the interfaces
-    request.bInterfaceClass = kIOUSBFindInterfaceDontCare;
-    request.bInterfaceSubClass = kIOUSBFindInterfaceDontCare;
-    request.bInterfaceProtocol = kIOUSBFindInterfaceDontCare;
+    request.bInterfaceClass = 0xff;
+    request.bInterfaceSubClass = 0x42;
+    request.bInterfaceProtocol = 0x03;
     request.bAlternateSetting = kIOUSBFindInterfaceDontCare;
 
     // Get an iterator for the interfaces on the device
@@ -282,7 +279,6 @@
             &plugin, &score);
 
     if ((kr != 0) || (plugin == NULL)) {
-        ERR("Unable to create a plug-in (%08x)\n", kr);
         goto error;
     }
 
@@ -436,8 +432,7 @@
 
         if (try_device(device, &h) != 0) {
             IOObjectRelease(device);
-            ret = -1;
-            break;
+            continue;
         }
 
         if (h.success) {
diff --git a/fingerprintd/Android.mk b/fingerprintd/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 48b9525..0000000
--- a/fingerprintd/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wunused
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-	FingerprintDaemonProxy.cpp \
-	IFingerprintDaemon.cpp \
-	IFingerprintDaemonCallback.cpp \
-	fingerprintd.cpp
-LOCAL_MODULE := fingerprintd
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
-	libbinder \
-	liblog \
-	libhardware \
-	libutils \
-	libkeystore_binder
-include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
diff --git a/fingerprintd/FingerprintDaemonProxy.cpp b/fingerprintd/FingerprintDaemonProxy.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index b3c0cd7..0000000
--- a/fingerprintd/FingerprintDaemonProxy.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,268 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "fingerprintd"
-
-#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <hardware/hardware.h>
-#include <hardware/fingerprint.h>
-#include <hardware/hw_auth_token.h>
-#include <keystore/IKeystoreService.h>
-#include <keystore/keystore.h> // for error codes
-#include <utils/Log.h>
-
-#include "FingerprintDaemonProxy.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-FingerprintDaemonProxy* FingerprintDaemonProxy::sInstance = NULL;
-
-// Supported fingerprint HAL version
-static const uint16_t kVersion = HARDWARE_MODULE_API_VERSION(2, 1);
-
-FingerprintDaemonProxy::FingerprintDaemonProxy() : mModule(NULL), mDevice(NULL), mCallback(NULL) {
-
-}
-
-FingerprintDaemonProxy::~FingerprintDaemonProxy() {
-    closeHal();
-}
-
-void FingerprintDaemonProxy::hal_notify_callback(const fingerprint_msg_t *msg) {
-    FingerprintDaemonProxy* instance = FingerprintDaemonProxy::getInstance();
-    const sp<IFingerprintDaemonCallback> callback = instance->mCallback;
-    if (callback == NULL) {
-        ALOGE("Invalid callback object");
-        return;
-    }
-    const int64_t device = (int64_t) instance->mDevice;
-    switch (msg->type) {
-        case FINGERPRINT_ERROR:
-            ALOGD("onError(%d)", msg->data.error);
-            callback->onError(device, msg->data.error);
-            break;
-        case FINGERPRINT_ACQUIRED:
-            ALOGD("onAcquired(%d)", msg->data.acquired.acquired_info);
-            callback->onAcquired(device, msg->data.acquired.acquired_info);
-            break;
-        case FINGERPRINT_AUTHENTICATED:
-            ALOGD("onAuthenticated(fid=%d, gid=%d)",
-                    msg->data.authenticated.finger.fid,
-                    msg->data.authenticated.finger.gid);
-            if (msg->data.authenticated.finger.fid != 0) {
-                const uint8_t* hat = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&msg->data.authenticated.hat);
-                instance->notifyKeystore(hat, sizeof(msg->data.authenticated.hat));
-            }
-            callback->onAuthenticated(device,
-                    msg->data.authenticated.finger.fid,
-                    msg->data.authenticated.finger.gid);
-            break;
-        case FINGERPRINT_TEMPLATE_ENROLLING:
-            ALOGD("onEnrollResult(fid=%d, gid=%d, rem=%d)",
-                    msg->data.enroll.finger.fid,
-                    msg->data.enroll.finger.gid,
-                    msg->data.enroll.samples_remaining);
-            callback->onEnrollResult(device,
-                    msg->data.enroll.finger.fid,
-                    msg->data.enroll.finger.gid,
-                    msg->data.enroll.samples_remaining);
-            break;
-        case FINGERPRINT_TEMPLATE_REMOVED:
-            ALOGD("onRemove(fid=%d, gid=%d)",
-                    msg->data.removed.finger.fid,
-                    msg->data.removed.finger.gid);
-            callback->onRemoved(device,
-                    msg->data.removed.finger.fid,
-                    msg->data.removed.finger.gid);
-            break;
-        case FINGERPRINT_TEMPLATE_ENUMERATING:
-            ALOGD("onEnumerate(fid=%d, gid=%d, rem=%d)",
-                    msg->data.enumerated.finger.fid,
-                    msg->data.enumerated.finger.gid,
-                    msg->data.enumerated.remaining_templates);
-            callback->onEnumerate(device,
-                    msg->data.enumerated.finger.fid,
-                    msg->data.enumerated.finger.gid,
-                    msg->data.enumerated.remaining_templates);
-            break;
-        default:
-            ALOGE("invalid msg type: %d", msg->type);
-            return;
-    }
-}
-
-void FingerprintDaemonProxy::notifyKeystore(const uint8_t *auth_token, const size_t auth_token_length) {
-    if (auth_token != NULL && auth_token_length > 0) {
-        // TODO: cache service?
-        sp < IServiceManager > sm = defaultServiceManager();
-        sp < IBinder > binder = sm->getService(String16("android.security.keystore"));
-        sp < IKeystoreService > service = interface_cast < IKeystoreService > (binder);
-        if (service != NULL) {
-            status_t ret = service->addAuthToken(auth_token, auth_token_length);
-            if (ret != ResponseCode::NO_ERROR) {
-                ALOGE("Falure sending auth token to KeyStore: %d", ret);
-            }
-        } else {
-            ALOGE("Unable to communicate with KeyStore");
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void FingerprintDaemonProxy::init(const sp<IFingerprintDaemonCallback>& callback) {
-    if (mCallback != NULL && IInterface::asBinder(callback) != IInterface::asBinder(mCallback)) {
-        IInterface::asBinder(mCallback)->unlinkToDeath(this);
-    }
-    IInterface::asBinder(callback)->linkToDeath(this);
-    mCallback = callback;
-}
-
-int32_t FingerprintDaemonProxy::enroll(const uint8_t* token, ssize_t tokenSize, int32_t groupId,
-        int32_t timeout) {
-    ALOG(LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, "enroll(gid=%d, timeout=%d)\n", groupId, timeout);
-    if (tokenSize != sizeof(hw_auth_token_t) ) {
-        ALOG(LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, "enroll() : invalid token size %zu\n", tokenSize);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    const hw_auth_token_t* authToken = reinterpret_cast<const hw_auth_token_t*>(token);
-    return mDevice->enroll(mDevice, authToken, groupId, timeout);
-}
-
-uint64_t FingerprintDaemonProxy::preEnroll() {
-    return mDevice->pre_enroll(mDevice);
-}
-
-int32_t FingerprintDaemonProxy::postEnroll() {
-    return mDevice->post_enroll(mDevice);
-}
-
-int32_t FingerprintDaemonProxy::stopEnrollment() {
-    ALOG(LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, "stopEnrollment()\n");
-    return mDevice->cancel(mDevice);
-}
-
-int32_t FingerprintDaemonProxy::authenticate(uint64_t sessionId, uint32_t groupId) {
-    ALOG(LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, "authenticate(sid=%" PRId64 ", gid=%d)\n", sessionId, groupId);
-    return mDevice->authenticate(mDevice, sessionId, groupId);
-}
-
-int32_t FingerprintDaemonProxy::stopAuthentication() {
-    ALOG(LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, "stopAuthentication()\n");
-    return mDevice->cancel(mDevice);
-}
-
-int32_t FingerprintDaemonProxy::remove(int32_t fingerId, int32_t groupId) {
-    ALOG(LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, "remove(fid=%d, gid=%d)\n", fingerId, groupId);
-    return mDevice->remove(mDevice, groupId, fingerId);
-}
-
-int32_t FingerprintDaemonProxy::enumerate() {
-    ALOG(LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, "enumerate()\n");
-    return mDevice->enumerate(mDevice);
-}
-
-uint64_t FingerprintDaemonProxy::getAuthenticatorId() {
-    return mDevice->get_authenticator_id(mDevice);
-}
-
-int32_t FingerprintDaemonProxy::setActiveGroup(int32_t groupId, const uint8_t* path,
-        ssize_t pathlen) {
-    if (pathlen >= PATH_MAX || pathlen <= 0) {
-        ALOGE("Bad path length: %zd", pathlen);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    // Convert to null-terminated string
-    char path_name[PATH_MAX];
-    memcpy(path_name, path, pathlen);
-    path_name[pathlen] = '\0';
-    ALOG(LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, "setActiveGroup(%d, %s, %zu)", groupId, path_name, pathlen);
-    return mDevice->set_active_group(mDevice, groupId, path_name);
-}
-
-int64_t FingerprintDaemonProxy::openHal() {
-    ALOG(LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, "nativeOpenHal()\n");
-    int err;
-    const hw_module_t *hw_module = NULL;
-    if (0 != (err = hw_get_module(FINGERPRINT_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, &hw_module))) {
-        ALOGE("Can't open fingerprint HW Module, error: %d", err);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    if (NULL == hw_module) {
-        ALOGE("No valid fingerprint module");
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    mModule = reinterpret_cast<const fingerprint_module_t*>(hw_module);
-
-    if (mModule->common.methods->open == NULL) {
-        ALOGE("No valid open method");
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    hw_device_t *device = NULL;
-
-    if (0 != (err = mModule->common.methods->open(hw_module, NULL, &device))) {
-        ALOGE("Can't open fingerprint methods, error: %d", err);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (kVersion != device->version) {
-        ALOGE("Wrong fp version. Expected %d, got %d", kVersion, device->version);
-        // return 0; // FIXME
-    }
-
-    mDevice = reinterpret_cast<fingerprint_device_t*>(device);
-    err = mDevice->set_notify(mDevice, hal_notify_callback);
-    if (err < 0) {
-        ALOGE("Failed in call to set_notify(), err=%d", err);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    // Sanity check - remove
-    if (mDevice->notify != hal_notify_callback) {
-        ALOGE("NOTIFY not set properly: %p != %p", mDevice->notify, hal_notify_callback);
-    }
-
-    ALOG(LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, "fingerprint HAL successfully initialized");
-    return reinterpret_cast<int64_t>(mDevice); // This is just a handle
-}
-
-int32_t FingerprintDaemonProxy::closeHal() {
-    ALOG(LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG, "nativeCloseHal()\n");
-    if (mDevice == NULL) {
-        ALOGE("No valid device");
-        return -ENOSYS;
-    }
-    int err;
-    if (0 != (err = mDevice->common.close(reinterpret_cast<hw_device_t*>(mDevice)))) {
-        ALOGE("Can't close fingerprint module, error: %d", err);
-        return err;
-    }
-    mDevice = NULL;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-void FingerprintDaemonProxy::binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who) {
-    ALOGD("binder died");
-    int err;
-    if (0 != (err = closeHal())) {
-        ALOGE("Can't close fingerprint device, error: %d", err);
-    }
-    if (IInterface::asBinder(mCallback) == who) {
-        mCallback = NULL;
-    }
-}
-
-}
diff --git a/fingerprintd/FingerprintDaemonProxy.h b/fingerprintd/FingerprintDaemonProxy.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 145b4c9..0000000
--- a/fingerprintd/FingerprintDaemonProxy.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef FINGERPRINT_DAEMON_PROXY_H_
-#define FINGERPRINT_DAEMON_PROXY_H_
-
-#include "IFingerprintDaemon.h"
-#include "IFingerprintDaemonCallback.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-class FingerprintDaemonProxy : public BnFingerprintDaemon {
-    public:
-        static FingerprintDaemonProxy* getInstance() {
-            if (sInstance == NULL) {
-                sInstance = new FingerprintDaemonProxy();
-            }
-            return sInstance;
-        }
-
-        // These reflect binder methods.
-        virtual void init(const sp<IFingerprintDaemonCallback>& callback);
-        virtual int32_t enroll(const uint8_t* token, ssize_t tokenLength, int32_t groupId, int32_t timeout);
-        virtual uint64_t preEnroll();
-        virtual int32_t postEnroll();
-        virtual int32_t stopEnrollment();
-        virtual int32_t authenticate(uint64_t sessionId, uint32_t groupId);
-        virtual int32_t stopAuthentication();
-        virtual int32_t remove(int32_t fingerId, int32_t groupId);
-        virtual int32_t enumerate();
-        virtual uint64_t getAuthenticatorId();
-        virtual int32_t setActiveGroup(int32_t groupId, const uint8_t* path, ssize_t pathLen);
-        virtual int64_t openHal();
-        virtual int32_t closeHal();
-
-    private:
-        FingerprintDaemonProxy();
-        virtual ~FingerprintDaemonProxy();
-        void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who);
-        void notifyKeystore(const uint8_t *auth_token, const size_t auth_token_length);
-        static void hal_notify_callback(const fingerprint_msg_t *msg);
-
-        static FingerprintDaemonProxy* sInstance;
-        fingerprint_module_t const* mModule;
-        fingerprint_device_t* mDevice;
-        sp<IFingerprintDaemonCallback> mCallback;
-};
-
-} // namespace android
-
-#endif // FINGERPRINT_DAEMON_PROXY_H_
diff --git a/fingerprintd/IFingerprintDaemon.cpp b/fingerprintd/IFingerprintDaemon.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index bc4af56..0000000
--- a/fingerprintd/IFingerprintDaemon.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,205 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2015, The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-#include <inttypes.h>
-
-#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
-#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <binder/PermissionCache.h>
-#include <utils/String16.h>
-#include <utils/Looper.h>
-#include <keystore/IKeystoreService.h>
-#include <keystore/keystore.h> // for error code
-#include <hardware/hardware.h>
-#include <hardware/fingerprint.h>
-#include <hardware/hw_auth_token.h>
-#include "IFingerprintDaemon.h"
-#include "IFingerprintDaemonCallback.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-static const String16 USE_FINGERPRINT_PERMISSION("android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT");
-static const String16 MANAGE_FINGERPRINT_PERMISSION("android.permission.MANAGE_FINGERPRINT");
-static const String16 HAL_FINGERPRINT_PERMISSION("android.permission.MANAGE_FINGERPRINT"); // TODO
-static const String16 DUMP_PERMISSION("android.permission.DUMP");
-
-const android::String16
-IFingerprintDaemon::descriptor("android.hardware.fingerprint.IFingerprintDaemon");
-
-const android::String16&
-IFingerprintDaemon::getInterfaceDescriptor() const {
-    return IFingerprintDaemon::descriptor;
-}
-
-status_t BnFingerprintDaemon::onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply,
-        uint32_t flags) {
-    switch(code) {
-        case AUTHENTICATE: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IFingerprintDaemon, data, reply);
-            if (!checkPermission(HAL_FINGERPRINT_PERMISSION)) {
-                return PERMISSION_DENIED;
-            }
-            const uint64_t sessionId = data.readInt64();
-            const uint32_t groupId = data.readInt32();
-            const int32_t ret = authenticate(sessionId, groupId);
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt32(ret);
-            return NO_ERROR;
-        };
-        case CANCEL_AUTHENTICATION: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IFingerprintDaemon, data, reply);
-            if (!checkPermission(HAL_FINGERPRINT_PERMISSION)) {
-                return PERMISSION_DENIED;
-            }
-            const int32_t ret = stopAuthentication();
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt32(ret);
-            return NO_ERROR;
-        }
-        case ENROLL: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IFingerprintDaemon, data, reply);
-            if (!checkPermission(HAL_FINGERPRINT_PERMISSION)) {
-                return PERMISSION_DENIED;
-            }
-            const ssize_t tokenSize = data.readInt32();
-            const uint8_t* token = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.readInplace(tokenSize));
-            const int32_t groupId = data.readInt32();
-            const int32_t timeout = data.readInt32();
-            const int32_t ret = enroll(token, tokenSize, groupId, timeout);
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt32(ret);
-            return NO_ERROR;
-        }
-        case CANCEL_ENROLLMENT: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IFingerprintDaemon, data, reply);
-            if (!checkPermission(HAL_FINGERPRINT_PERMISSION)) {
-                return PERMISSION_DENIED;
-            }
-            const int32_t ret = stopEnrollment();
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt32(ret);
-            return NO_ERROR;
-        }
-        case PRE_ENROLL: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IFingerprintDaemon, data, reply);
-            if (!checkPermission(HAL_FINGERPRINT_PERMISSION)) {
-                return PERMISSION_DENIED;
-            }
-            const uint64_t ret = preEnroll();
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt64(ret);
-            return NO_ERROR;
-        }
-        case POST_ENROLL: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IFingerprintDaemon, data, reply);
-            if (!checkPermission(HAL_FINGERPRINT_PERMISSION)) {
-                return PERMISSION_DENIED;
-            }
-            const int32_t ret = postEnroll();
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt32(ret);
-            return NO_ERROR;
-        }
-        case REMOVE: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IFingerprintDaemon, data, reply);
-            if (!checkPermission(HAL_FINGERPRINT_PERMISSION)) {
-                return PERMISSION_DENIED;
-            }
-            const int32_t fingerId = data.readInt32();
-            const int32_t groupId = data.readInt32();
-            const int32_t ret = remove(fingerId, groupId);
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt32(ret);
-            return NO_ERROR;
-        }
-        case ENUMERATE: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IFingerprintDaemon, data, reply);
-            if (!checkPermission(HAL_FINGERPRINT_PERMISSION)) {
-                return PERMISSION_DENIED;
-            }
-            const int32_t ret = enumerate();
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt32(ret);
-            return NO_ERROR;
-        }
-        case GET_AUTHENTICATOR_ID: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IFingerprintDaemon, data, reply);
-            if (!checkPermission(HAL_FINGERPRINT_PERMISSION)) {
-                return PERMISSION_DENIED;
-            }
-            const uint64_t ret = getAuthenticatorId();
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt64(ret);
-            return NO_ERROR;
-        }
-        case SET_ACTIVE_GROUP: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IFingerprintDaemon, data, reply);
-            if (!checkPermission(HAL_FINGERPRINT_PERMISSION)) {
-                return PERMISSION_DENIED;
-            }
-            const int32_t group = data.readInt32();
-            const ssize_t pathSize = data.readInt32();
-            const uint8_t* path = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.readInplace(pathSize));
-            const int32_t ret = setActiveGroup(group, path, pathSize);
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt32(ret);
-            return NO_ERROR;
-        }
-        case OPEN_HAL: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IFingerprintDaemon, data, reply);
-            if (!checkPermission(HAL_FINGERPRINT_PERMISSION)) {
-                return PERMISSION_DENIED;
-            }
-            const int64_t ret = openHal();
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt64(ret);
-            return NO_ERROR;
-        }
-        case CLOSE_HAL: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IFingerprintDaemon, data, reply);
-            if (!checkPermission(HAL_FINGERPRINT_PERMISSION)) {
-                return PERMISSION_DENIED;
-            }
-            const int32_t ret = closeHal();
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt32(ret);
-            return NO_ERROR;
-        }
-        case INIT: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IFingerprintDaemon, data, reply);
-            if (!checkPermission(HAL_FINGERPRINT_PERMISSION)) {
-                return PERMISSION_DENIED;
-            }
-            sp<IFingerprintDaemonCallback> callback =
-                    interface_cast<IFingerprintDaemonCallback>(data.readStrongBinder());
-            init(callback);
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            return NO_ERROR;
-        }
-        default:
-            return BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
-    }
-};
-
-bool BnFingerprintDaemon::checkPermission(const String16& permission) {
-    const IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
-    const int calling_pid = ipc->getCallingPid();
-    const int calling_uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
-    return PermissionCache::checkPermission(permission, calling_pid, calling_uid);
-}
-
-
-}; // namespace android
diff --git a/fingerprintd/IFingerprintDaemon.h b/fingerprintd/IFingerprintDaemon.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 23c36ff..0000000
--- a/fingerprintd/IFingerprintDaemon.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef IFINGERPRINT_DAEMON_H_
-#define IFINGERPRINT_DAEMON_H_
-
-#include <binder/IInterface.h>
-#include <binder/Parcel.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-class IFingerprintDaemonCallback;
-
-/*
-* Abstract base class for native implementation of FingerprintService.
-*
-* Note: This must be kept manually in sync with IFingerprintDaemon.aidl
-*/
-class IFingerprintDaemon : public IInterface, public IBinder::DeathRecipient {
-    public:
-        enum {
-           AUTHENTICATE = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0,
-           CANCEL_AUTHENTICATION = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1,
-           ENROLL = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 2,
-           CANCEL_ENROLLMENT = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 3,
-           PRE_ENROLL = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 4,
-           REMOVE = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 5,
-           GET_AUTHENTICATOR_ID = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 6,
-           SET_ACTIVE_GROUP = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 7,
-           OPEN_HAL = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 8,
-           CLOSE_HAL = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 9,
-           INIT = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 10,
-           POST_ENROLL = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 11,
-           ENUMERATE = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 12,
-        };
-
-        IFingerprintDaemon() { }
-        virtual ~IFingerprintDaemon() { }
-        virtual const android::String16& getInterfaceDescriptor() const;
-
-        // Binder interface methods
-        virtual void init(const sp<IFingerprintDaemonCallback>& callback) = 0;
-        virtual int32_t enroll(const uint8_t* token, ssize_t tokenLength, int32_t groupId,
-                int32_t timeout) = 0;
-        virtual uint64_t preEnroll() = 0;
-        virtual int32_t postEnroll() = 0;
-        virtual int32_t stopEnrollment() = 0;
-        virtual int32_t authenticate(uint64_t sessionId, uint32_t groupId) = 0;
-        virtual int32_t stopAuthentication() = 0;
-        virtual int32_t remove(int32_t fingerId, int32_t groupId) = 0;
-        virtual int32_t enumerate() = 0;
-        virtual uint64_t getAuthenticatorId() = 0;
-        virtual int32_t setActiveGroup(int32_t groupId, const uint8_t* path, ssize_t pathLen) = 0;
-        virtual int64_t openHal() = 0;
-        virtual int32_t closeHal() = 0;
-
-        // DECLARE_META_INTERFACE - C++ client interface not needed
-        static const android::String16 descriptor;
-        static void hal_notify_callback(const fingerprint_msg_t *msg);
-};
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-class BnFingerprintDaemon: public BnInterface<IFingerprintDaemon> {
-    public:
-       virtual status_t onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply,
-               uint32_t flags = 0);
-    private:
-       bool checkPermission(const String16& permission);
-};
-
-} // namespace android
-
-#endif // IFINGERPRINT_DAEMON_H_
-
diff --git a/fingerprintd/IFingerprintDaemonCallback.cpp b/fingerprintd/IFingerprintDaemonCallback.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 1d75aa7..0000000
--- a/fingerprintd/IFingerprintDaemonCallback.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,91 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "IFingerprintDaemonCallback"
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <utils/Log.h>
-#include <binder/Parcel.h>
-
-#include "IFingerprintDaemonCallback.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-class BpFingerprintDaemonCallback : public BpInterface<IFingerprintDaemonCallback>
-{
-public:
-    explicit BpFingerprintDaemonCallback(const sp<IBinder>& impl) :
-            BpInterface<IFingerprintDaemonCallback>(impl) {
-    }
-    virtual status_t onEnrollResult(int64_t devId, int32_t fpId, int32_t gpId, int32_t rem) {
-        Parcel data, reply;
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(IFingerprintDaemonCallback::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-        data.writeInt64(devId);
-        data.writeInt32(fpId);
-        data.writeInt32(gpId);
-        data.writeInt32(rem);
-        return remote()->transact(ON_ENROLL_RESULT, data, &reply, IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY);
-    }
-
-    virtual status_t onAcquired(int64_t devId, int32_t acquiredInfo) {
-        Parcel data, reply;
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(IFingerprintDaemonCallback::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-        data.writeInt64(devId);
-        data.writeInt32(acquiredInfo);
-        return remote()->transact(ON_ACQUIRED, data, &reply, IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY);
-    }
-
-    virtual status_t onAuthenticated(int64_t devId, int32_t fpId, int32_t gpId) {
-        Parcel data, reply;
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(IFingerprintDaemonCallback::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-        data.writeInt64(devId);
-        data.writeInt32(fpId);
-        data.writeInt32(gpId);
-        return remote()->transact(ON_AUTHENTICATED, data, &reply, IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY);
-    }
-
-    virtual status_t onError(int64_t devId, int32_t error) {
-        Parcel data, reply;
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(IFingerprintDaemonCallback::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-        data.writeInt64(devId);
-        data.writeInt32(error);
-        return remote()->transact(ON_ERROR, data, &reply, IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY);
-    }
-
-    virtual status_t onRemoved(int64_t devId, int32_t fpId, int32_t gpId) {
-        Parcel data, reply;
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(IFingerprintDaemonCallback::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-        data.writeInt64(devId);
-        data.writeInt32(fpId);
-        data.writeInt32(gpId);
-        return remote()->transact(ON_REMOVED, data, &reply, IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY);
-    }
-
-    virtual status_t onEnumerate(int64_t devId, int32_t fpId, int32_t gpId, int32_t rem) {
-        Parcel data, reply;
-        data.writeInterfaceToken(IFingerprintDaemonCallback::getInterfaceDescriptor());
-        data.writeInt64(devId);
-        data.writeInt32(fpId);
-        data.writeInt32(gpId);
-        data.writeInt32(rem);
-        return remote()->transact(ON_ENUMERATE, data, &reply, IBinder::FLAG_ONEWAY);
-    }
-};
-
-IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(FingerprintDaemonCallback,
-        "android.hardware.fingerprint.IFingerprintDaemonCallback");
-
-}; // namespace android
diff --git a/fingerprintd/IFingerprintDaemonCallback.h b/fingerprintd/IFingerprintDaemonCallback.h
deleted file mode 100644
index e343cb4..0000000
--- a/fingerprintd/IFingerprintDaemonCallback.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef IFINGERPRINT_DAEMON_CALLBACK_H_
-#define IFINGERPRINT_DAEMON_CALLBACK_H_
-
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <utils/Errors.h>
-#include <binder/IInterface.h>
-#include <binder/Parcel.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-/*
-* Communication channel back to FingerprintService.java
-*/
-class IFingerprintDaemonCallback : public IInterface {
-    public:
-        // must be kept in sync with IFingerprintService.aidl
-        enum {
-            ON_ENROLL_RESULT = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0,
-            ON_ACQUIRED = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1,
-            ON_AUTHENTICATED = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 2,
-            ON_ERROR = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 3,
-            ON_REMOVED = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 4,
-            ON_ENUMERATE = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 5,
-        };
-
-        virtual status_t onEnrollResult(int64_t devId, int32_t fpId, int32_t gpId, int32_t rem) = 0;
-        virtual status_t onAcquired(int64_t devId, int32_t acquiredInfo) = 0;
-        virtual status_t onAuthenticated(int64_t devId, int32_t fingerId, int32_t groupId) = 0;
-        virtual status_t onError(int64_t devId, int32_t error) = 0;
-        virtual status_t onRemoved(int64_t devId, int32_t fingerId, int32_t groupId) = 0;
-        virtual status_t onEnumerate(int64_t devId, int32_t fingerId, int32_t groupId, int32_t rem) = 0;
-
-        DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(FingerprintDaemonCallback);
-};
-
-}; // namespace android
-
-#endif // IFINGERPRINT_DAEMON_CALLBACK_H_
diff --git a/fingerprintd/fingerprintd.cpp b/fingerprintd/fingerprintd.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 2fc2d0a..0000000
--- a/fingerprintd/fingerprintd.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "fingerprintd"
-
-#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
-#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
-#include <binder/PermissionCache.h>
-#include <hardware/hardware.h>
-#include <hardware/fingerprint.h>
-#include <hardware/hw_auth_token.h>
-#include <keystore/IKeystoreService.h>
-#include <keystore/keystore.h> // for error codes
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <utils/Log.h>
-#include <utils/String16.h>
-
-#include "FingerprintDaemonProxy.h"
-
-int main() {
-    ALOGI("Starting " LOG_TAG);
-    android::sp<android::IServiceManager> serviceManager = android::defaultServiceManager();
-    android::sp<android::FingerprintDaemonProxy> proxy =
-            android::FingerprintDaemonProxy::getInstance();
-    android::status_t ret = serviceManager->addService(
-            android::FingerprintDaemonProxy::descriptor, proxy);
-    if (ret != android::OK) {
-        ALOGE("Couldn't register " LOG_TAG " binder service!");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * We're the only thread in existence, so we're just going to process
-     * Binder transaction as a single-threaded program.
-     */
-    android::IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();
-    ALOGI("Done");
-    return 0;
-}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/Android.bp
index 608917a..7fd67c2 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/Android.bp
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@
         "fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "liblogwrap",
         "libfec",
         "libfec_rs",
         "libbase",
@@ -53,6 +52,7 @@
         "libfstab",
     ],
     whole_static_libs: [
+        "liblogwrap",
         "libfstab",
     ],
     product_variables: {
diff --git a/fs_mgr/Android.mk b/fs_mgr/Android.mk
index f3ca724..007189d 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/Android.mk
+++ b/fs_mgr/Android.mk
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@
     libavb
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
 LOCAL_SANITIZE := integer
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= fs_mgr_main.cpp
 LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
 LOCAL_MODULE:= fs_mgr
 LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
+LOCAL_REQUIRED_MODULES := mke2fs mke2fs.conf e2fsdroid
 LOCAL_FORCE_STATIC_EXECUTABLE := true
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/sbin
 LOCAL_UNSTRIPPED_PATH := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT_UNSTRIPPED)
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
index 8c19a81..874189a 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <thread>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
@@ -78,43 +79,33 @@
     FS_STAT_E2FSCK_F_ALWAYS = 0x0004,
     FS_STAT_UNCLEAN_SHUTDOWN = 0x0008,
     FS_STAT_QUOTA_ENABLED = 0x0010,
-    FS_STAT_TUNE2FS_FAILED = 0x0020,
     FS_STAT_RO_MOUNT_FAILED = 0x0040,
     FS_STAT_RO_UNMOUNT_FAILED = 0x0080,
     FS_STAT_FULL_MOUNT_FAILED = 0x0100,
     FS_STAT_E2FSCK_FAILED = 0x0200,
     FS_STAT_E2FSCK_FS_FIXED = 0x0400,
     FS_STAT_EXT4_INVALID_MAGIC = 0x0800,
+    FS_STAT_TOGGLE_QUOTAS_FAILED = 0x10000,
+    FS_STAT_SET_RESERVED_BLOCKS_FAILED = 0x20000,
+    FS_STAT_ENABLE_ENCRYPTION_FAILED = 0x40000,
 };
 
-/*
- * gettime() - returns the time in seconds of the system's monotonic clock or
- * zero on error.
- */
-static time_t gettime(void)
-{
-    struct timespec ts;
-    int ret;
+// TODO: switch to inotify()
+bool fs_mgr_wait_for_file(const std::string& filename,
+                          const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout) {
+    auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
-    ret = clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        PERROR << "clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) failed";
-        return 0;
+    while (true) {
+        if (!access(filename.c_str(), F_OK) || errno != ENOENT) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(50ms);
+
+        auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+        auto time_elapsed = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now - start_time);
+        if (time_elapsed > relative_timeout) return false;
     }
-
-    return ts.tv_sec;
-}
-
-static int wait_for_file(const char *filename, int timeout)
-{
-    struct stat info;
-    time_t timeout_time = gettime() + timeout;
-    int ret = -1;
-
-    while (gettime() < timeout_time && ((ret = stat(filename, &info)) < 0))
-        usleep(10000);
-
-    return ret;
 }
 
 static void log_fs_stat(const char* blk_device, int fs_stat)
@@ -128,10 +119,16 @@
     }
 }
 
+static bool is_extfs(const std::string& fs_type) {
+    return fs_type == "ext4" || fs_type == "ext3" || fs_type == "ext2";
+}
+
 static bool should_force_check(int fs_stat) {
-    return fs_stat & (FS_STAT_E2FSCK_F_ALWAYS | FS_STAT_UNCLEAN_SHUTDOWN | FS_STAT_QUOTA_ENABLED |
-                      FS_STAT_TUNE2FS_FAILED | FS_STAT_RO_MOUNT_FAILED | FS_STAT_RO_UNMOUNT_FAILED |
-                      FS_STAT_FULL_MOUNT_FAILED | FS_STAT_E2FSCK_FAILED);
+    return fs_stat &
+           (FS_STAT_E2FSCK_F_ALWAYS | FS_STAT_UNCLEAN_SHUTDOWN | FS_STAT_QUOTA_ENABLED |
+            FS_STAT_RO_MOUNT_FAILED | FS_STAT_RO_UNMOUNT_FAILED | FS_STAT_FULL_MOUNT_FAILED |
+            FS_STAT_E2FSCK_FAILED | FS_STAT_TOGGLE_QUOTAS_FAILED |
+            FS_STAT_SET_RESERVED_BLOCKS_FAILED | FS_STAT_ENABLE_ENCRYPTION_FAILED);
 }
 
 static void check_fs(const char *blk_device, char *fs_type, char *target, int *fs_stat)
@@ -144,7 +141,7 @@
     const char* e2fsck_forced_argv[] = {E2FSCK_BIN, "-f", "-y", blk_device};
 
     /* Check for the types of filesystems we know how to check */
-    if (!strcmp(fs_type, "ext2") || !strcmp(fs_type, "ext3") || !strcmp(fs_type, "ext4")) {
+    if (is_extfs(fs_type)) {
         if (*fs_stat & FS_STAT_EXT4_INVALID_MAGIC) {  // will fail, so do not try
             return;
         }
@@ -242,186 +239,214 @@
     return;
 }
 
-/* Function to read the primary superblock */
-static int read_super_block(int fd, struct ext4_super_block *sb)
-{
-    off64_t ret;
-
-    ret = lseek64(fd, 1024, SEEK_SET);
-    if (ret < 0)
-        return ret;
-
-    ret = read(fd, sb, sizeof(*sb));
-    if (ret < 0)
-        return ret;
-    if (ret != sizeof(*sb))
-        return ret;
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static ext4_fsblk_t ext4_blocks_count(struct ext4_super_block *es)
-{
+static ext4_fsblk_t ext4_blocks_count(const struct ext4_super_block* es) {
     return ((ext4_fsblk_t)le32_to_cpu(es->s_blocks_count_hi) << 32) |
-            le32_to_cpu(es->s_blocks_count_lo);
+           le32_to_cpu(es->s_blocks_count_lo);
 }
 
-static ext4_fsblk_t ext4_r_blocks_count(struct ext4_super_block *es)
-{
+static ext4_fsblk_t ext4_r_blocks_count(const struct ext4_super_block* es) {
     return ((ext4_fsblk_t)le32_to_cpu(es->s_r_blocks_count_hi) << 32) |
-            le32_to_cpu(es->s_r_blocks_count_lo);
+           le32_to_cpu(es->s_r_blocks_count_lo);
 }
 
-static int do_quota_with_shutdown_check(char *blk_device, char *fs_type,
-                                        struct fstab_rec *rec, int *fs_stat)
-{
-    int force_check = 0;
-    if (!strcmp(fs_type, "ext4")) {
-        /*
-         * Some system images do not have tune2fs for licensing reasons
-         * Detect these and skip reserve blocks.
-         */
-        if (access(TUNE2FS_BIN, X_OK)) {
-            LERROR << "Not running " << TUNE2FS_BIN << " on "
-                   << blk_device << " (executable not in system image)";
-        } else {
-            const char* arg1 = nullptr;
-            const char* arg2 = nullptr;
-            int status = 0;
-            int ret = 0;
-            android::base::unique_fd fd(
-                TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(blk_device, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
-            if (fd >= 0) {
-                struct ext4_super_block sb;
-                ret = read_super_block(fd, &sb);
-                if (ret < 0) {
-                    PERROR << "Can't read '" << blk_device << "' super block";
-                    return force_check;
-                }
-                if (sb.s_magic != EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC) {
-                    LINFO << "Invalid ext4 magic:0x" << std::hex << sb.s_magic << "," << blk_device;
-                    *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_EXT4_INVALID_MAGIC;
-                    return 0;  // not a valid fs, tune2fs, fsck, and mount  will all fail.
-                }
-                *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_IS_EXT4;
-                LINFO << "superblock s_max_mnt_count:" << sb.s_max_mnt_count << "," << blk_device;
-                if (sb.s_max_mnt_count == 0xffff) {  // -1 (int16) in ext2, but uint16 in ext4
-                    *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_NEW_IMAGE_VERSION;
-                }
-                if ((sb.s_feature_incompat & EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_RECOVER) != 0 ||
-                    (sb.s_state & EXT4_VALID_FS) == 0) {
-                    LINFO << __FUNCTION__ << "(): was not clealy shutdown, state flag:"
-                          << std::hex << sb.s_state
-                          << "incompat flag:" << std::hex << sb.s_feature_incompat;
-                    force_check = 1;
-                    *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_UNCLEAN_SHUTDOWN;
-                }
-                int has_quota = (sb.s_feature_ro_compat
-                        & cpu_to_le32(EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_QUOTA)) != 0;
-                int want_quota = fs_mgr_is_quota(rec) != 0;
-
-                if (has_quota == want_quota) {
-                    LINFO << "Requested quota status is match on " << blk_device;
-                    return force_check;
-                } else if (want_quota) {
-                    LINFO << "Enabling quota on " << blk_device;
-                    arg1 = "-Oquota";
-                    arg2 = "-Qusrquota,grpquota";
-                    force_check = 1;
-                    *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_QUOTA_ENABLED;
-                } else {
-                    LINFO << "Disabling quota on " << blk_device;
-                    arg1 = "-Q^usrquota,^grpquota";
-                    arg2 = "-O^quota";
-                }
-            } else {
-                PERROR << "Failed to open '" << blk_device << "'";
-                return force_check;
-            }
-
-            const char *tune2fs_argv[] = {
-                TUNE2FS_BIN,
-                arg1,
-                arg2,
-                blk_device,
-            };
-            ret = android_fork_execvp_ext(ARRAY_SIZE(tune2fs_argv),
-                                          const_cast<char **>(tune2fs_argv),
-                                          &status, true, LOG_KLOG | LOG_FILE,
-                                          true, NULL, NULL, 0);
-            if (ret < 0) {
-                /* No need to check for error in fork, we can't really handle it now */
-                LERROR << "Failed trying to run " << TUNE2FS_BIN;
-                *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_TUNE2FS_FAILED;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return force_check;
+static bool is_ext4_superblock_valid(const struct ext4_super_block* es) {
+    if (es->s_magic != EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC) return false;
+    if (es->s_rev_level != EXT4_DYNAMIC_REV && es->s_rev_level != EXT4_GOOD_OLD_REV) return false;
+    if (EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(es) == 0) return false;
+    return true;
 }
 
-static void do_reserved_size(char *blk_device, char *fs_type, struct fstab_rec *rec, int *fs_stat)
-{
-    /* Check for the types of filesystems we know how to check */
-    if (!strcmp(fs_type, "ext2") || !strcmp(fs_type, "ext3") || !strcmp(fs_type, "ext4")) {
-        /*
-         * Some system images do not have tune2fs for licensing reasons
-         * Detect these and skip reserve blocks.
-         */
-        if (access(TUNE2FS_BIN, X_OK)) {
-            LERROR << "Not running " << TUNE2FS_BIN << " on "
-                   << blk_device << " (executable not in system image)";
+// Read the primary superblock from an ext4 filesystem.  On failure return
+// false.  If it's not an ext4 filesystem, also set FS_STAT_EXT4_INVALID_MAGIC.
+static bool read_ext4_superblock(const char* blk_device, struct ext4_super_block* sb, int* fs_stat) {
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(blk_device, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
+
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        PERROR << "Failed to open '" << blk_device << "'";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (pread(fd, sb, sizeof(*sb), 1024) != sizeof(*sb)) {
+        PERROR << "Can't read '" << blk_device << "' superblock";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!is_ext4_superblock_valid(sb)) {
+        LINFO << "Invalid ext4 superblock on '" << blk_device << "'";
+        // not a valid fs, tune2fs, fsck, and mount  will all fail.
+        *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_EXT4_INVALID_MAGIC;
+        return false;
+    }
+    *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_IS_EXT4;
+    LINFO << "superblock s_max_mnt_count:" << sb->s_max_mnt_count << "," << blk_device;
+    if (sb->s_max_mnt_count == 0xffff) {  // -1 (int16) in ext2, but uint16 in ext4
+        *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_NEW_IMAGE_VERSION;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Some system images do not have tune2fs for licensing reasons.
+// Detect these and skip running it.
+static bool tune2fs_available(void) {
+    return access(TUNE2FS_BIN, X_OK) == 0;
+}
+
+static bool run_tune2fs(const char* argv[], int argc) {
+    int ret;
+
+    ret = android_fork_execvp_ext(argc, const_cast<char**>(argv), nullptr, true,
+                                  LOG_KLOG | LOG_FILE, true, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
+    return ret == 0;
+}
+
+// Enable/disable quota support on the filesystem if needed.
+static void tune_quota(const char* blk_device, const struct fstab_rec* rec,
+                       const struct ext4_super_block* sb, int* fs_stat) {
+    bool has_quota = (sb->s_feature_ro_compat & cpu_to_le32(EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_QUOTA)) != 0;
+    bool want_quota = fs_mgr_is_quota(rec) != 0;
+
+    if (has_quota == want_quota) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!tune2fs_available()) {
+        LERROR << "Unable to " << (want_quota ? "enable" : "disable") << " quotas on " << blk_device
+               << " because " TUNE2FS_BIN " is missing";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const char* argv[] = {TUNE2FS_BIN, nullptr, nullptr, blk_device};
+
+    if (want_quota) {
+        LINFO << "Enabling quotas on " << blk_device;
+        argv[1] = "-Oquota";
+        argv[2] = "-Qusrquota,grpquota";
+        *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_QUOTA_ENABLED;
+    } else {
+        LINFO << "Disabling quotas on " << blk_device;
+        argv[1] = "-O^quota";
+        argv[2] = "-Q^usrquota,^grpquota";
+    }
+
+    if (!run_tune2fs(argv, ARRAY_SIZE(argv))) {
+        LERROR << "Failed to run " TUNE2FS_BIN " to " << (want_quota ? "enable" : "disable")
+               << " quotas on " << blk_device;
+        *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_TOGGLE_QUOTAS_FAILED;
+    }
+}
+
+// Set the number of reserved filesystem blocks if needed.
+static void tune_reserved_size(const char* blk_device, const struct fstab_rec* rec,
+                               const struct ext4_super_block* sb, int* fs_stat) {
+    if (!(rec->fs_mgr_flags & MF_RESERVEDSIZE)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // The size to reserve is given in the fstab, but we won't reserve more
+    // than 2% of the filesystem.
+    const uint64_t max_reserved_blocks = ext4_blocks_count(sb) * 0.02;
+    uint64_t reserved_blocks = rec->reserved_size / EXT4_BLOCK_SIZE(sb);
+
+    if (reserved_blocks > max_reserved_blocks) {
+        LWARNING << "Reserved blocks " << reserved_blocks << " is too large; "
+                 << "capping to " << max_reserved_blocks;
+        reserved_blocks = max_reserved_blocks;
+    }
+
+    if (ext4_r_blocks_count(sb) == reserved_blocks) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!tune2fs_available()) {
+        LERROR << "Unable to set the number of reserved blocks on " << blk_device
+               << " because " TUNE2FS_BIN " is missing";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    char buf[32];
+    const char* argv[] = {TUNE2FS_BIN, "-r", buf, blk_device};
+
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%" PRIu64, reserved_blocks);
+    LINFO << "Setting reserved block count on " << blk_device << " to " << reserved_blocks;
+    if (!run_tune2fs(argv, ARRAY_SIZE(argv))) {
+        LERROR << "Failed to run " TUNE2FS_BIN " to set the number of reserved blocks on "
+               << blk_device;
+        *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_SET_RESERVED_BLOCKS_FAILED;
+    }
+}
+
+// Enable file-based encryption if needed.
+static void tune_encrypt(const char* blk_device, const struct fstab_rec* rec,
+                         const struct ext4_super_block* sb, int* fs_stat) {
+    bool has_encrypt = (sb->s_feature_incompat & cpu_to_le32(EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_ENCRYPT)) != 0;
+    bool want_encrypt = fs_mgr_is_file_encrypted(rec) != 0;
+
+    if (has_encrypt || !want_encrypt) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!tune2fs_available()) {
+        LERROR << "Unable to enable ext4 encryption on " << blk_device
+               << " because " TUNE2FS_BIN " is missing";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const char* argv[] = {TUNE2FS_BIN, "-Oencrypt", blk_device};
+
+    LINFO << "Enabling ext4 encryption on " << blk_device;
+    if (!run_tune2fs(argv, ARRAY_SIZE(argv))) {
+        LERROR << "Failed to run " TUNE2FS_BIN " to enable "
+               << "ext4 encryption on " << blk_device;
+        *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_ENABLE_ENCRYPTION_FAILED;
+    }
+}
+
+//
+// Prepare the filesystem on the given block device to be mounted.
+//
+// If the "check" option was given in the fstab record, or it seems that the
+// filesystem was uncleanly shut down, we'll run fsck on the filesystem.
+//
+// If needed, we'll also enable (or disable) filesystem features as specified by
+// the fstab record.
+//
+static int prepare_fs_for_mount(const char* blk_device, const struct fstab_rec* rec) {
+    int fs_stat = 0;
+
+    if (is_extfs(rec->fs_type)) {
+        struct ext4_super_block sb;
+
+        if (read_ext4_superblock(blk_device, &sb, &fs_stat)) {
+            if ((sb.s_feature_incompat & EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_RECOVER) != 0 ||
+                (sb.s_state & EXT4_VALID_FS) == 0) {
+                LINFO << "Filesystem on " << blk_device << " was not cleanly shutdown; "
+                      << "state flags: 0x" << std::hex << sb.s_state << ", "
+                      << "incompat feature flags: 0x" << std::hex << sb.s_feature_incompat;
+                fs_stat |= FS_STAT_UNCLEAN_SHUTDOWN;
+            }
+
+            // Note: quotas should be enabled before running fsck.
+            tune_quota(blk_device, rec, &sb, &fs_stat);
         } else {
-            LINFO << "Running " << TUNE2FS_BIN << " on " << blk_device;
-
-            int status = 0;
-            int ret = 0;
-            unsigned long reserved_blocks = 0;
-            android::base::unique_fd fd(
-                TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(blk_device, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
-            if (fd >= 0) {
-                struct ext4_super_block sb;
-                ret = read_super_block(fd, &sb);
-                if (ret < 0) {
-                    PERROR << "Can't read '" << blk_device << "' super block";
-                    return;
-                }
-                reserved_blocks = rec->reserved_size / EXT4_BLOCK_SIZE(&sb);
-                unsigned long reserved_threshold = ext4_blocks_count(&sb) * 0.02;
-                if (reserved_threshold < reserved_blocks) {
-                    LWARNING << "Reserved blocks " << reserved_blocks
-                             << " is too large";
-                    reserved_blocks = reserved_threshold;
-                }
-
-                if (ext4_r_blocks_count(&sb) == reserved_blocks) {
-                    LINFO << "Have reserved same blocks";
-                    return;
-                }
-            } else {
-                PERROR << "Failed to open '" << blk_device << "'";
-                return;
-            }
-
-            char buf[16] = {0};
-            snprintf(buf, sizeof (buf), "-r %lu", reserved_blocks);
-            const char *tune2fs_argv[] = {
-                TUNE2FS_BIN,
-                buf,
-                blk_device,
-            };
-
-            ret = android_fork_execvp_ext(ARRAY_SIZE(tune2fs_argv),
-                                          const_cast<char **>(tune2fs_argv),
-                                          &status, true, LOG_KLOG | LOG_FILE,
-                                          true, NULL, NULL, 0);
-
-            if (ret < 0) {
-                /* No need to check for error in fork, we can't really handle it now */
-                LERROR << "Failed trying to run " << TUNE2FS_BIN;
-                *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_TUNE2FS_FAILED;
-            }
+            return fs_stat;
         }
     }
+
+    if ((rec->fs_mgr_flags & MF_CHECK) ||
+        (fs_stat & (FS_STAT_UNCLEAN_SHUTDOWN | FS_STAT_QUOTA_ENABLED))) {
+        check_fs(blk_device, rec->fs_type, rec->mount_point, &fs_stat);
+    }
+
+    if (is_extfs(rec->fs_type) && (rec->fs_mgr_flags & (MF_RESERVEDSIZE | MF_FILEENCRYPTION))) {
+        struct ext4_super_block sb;
+
+        if (read_ext4_superblock(blk_device, &sb, &fs_stat)) {
+            tune_reserved_size(blk_device, rec, &sb, &fs_stat);
+            tune_encrypt(blk_device, rec, &sb, &fs_stat);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return fs_stat;
 }
 
 static void remove_trailing_slashes(char *n)
@@ -457,6 +482,16 @@
     return rc;
 }
 
+// Orange state means the device is unlocked, see the following link for details.
+// https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot/verified-boot#device_state
+bool fs_mgr_is_device_unlocked() {
+    std::string verified_boot_state;
+    if (fs_mgr_get_boot_config("verifiedbootstate", &verified_boot_state)) {
+        return verified_boot_state == "orange";
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 /*
  * __mount(): wrapper around the mount() system call which also
  * sets the underlying block device to read-only if the mount is read-only.
@@ -476,10 +511,11 @@
         if ((info.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK)
             unlink(target);
     mkdir(target, 0755);
+    errno = 0;
     ret = mount(source, target, rec->fs_type, mountflags, rec->fs_options);
     save_errno = errno;
-    LINFO << __FUNCTION__ << "(source=" << source << ",target="
-          << target << ",type=" << rec->fs_type << ")=" << ret;
+    PINFO << __FUNCTION__ << "(source=" << source << ",target=" << target
+          << ",type=" << rec->fs_type << ")=" << ret;
     if ((ret == 0) && (mountflags & MS_RDONLY) != 0) {
         fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(source);
     }
@@ -559,10 +595,7 @@
                 continue;
             }
 
-            int fs_stat = 0;
-            int force_check = do_quota_with_shutdown_check(fstab->recs[i].blk_device,
-                                                           fstab->recs[i].fs_type,
-                                                           &fstab->recs[i], &fs_stat);
+            int fs_stat = prepare_fs_for_mount(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, &fstab->recs[i]);
             if (fs_stat & FS_STAT_EXT4_INVALID_MAGIC) {
                 LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): skipping mount, invalid ext4, mountpoint="
                        << fstab->recs[i].mount_point << " rec[" << i
@@ -570,15 +603,6 @@
                 mount_errno = EINVAL;  // continue bootup for FDE
                 continue;
             }
-            if ((fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_CHECK) || force_check) {
-                check_fs(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, fstab->recs[i].fs_type,
-                         fstab->recs[i].mount_point, &fs_stat);
-            }
-
-            if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_RESERVEDSIZE) {
-                do_reserved_size(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, fstab->recs[i].fs_type,
-                                 &fstab->recs[i], &fs_stat);
-            }
 
             int retry_count = 2;
             while (retry_count-- > 0) {
@@ -744,19 +768,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-// TODO: add ueventd notifiers if they don't exist.
-// This is just doing a wait_for_device for maximum of 1s
-int fs_mgr_test_access(const char *device) {
-    int tries = 25;
-    while (tries--) {
-        if (!access(device, F_OK) || errno != ENOENT) {
-            return 0;
-        }
-        usleep(40 * 1000);
-    }
-    return -1;
-}
-
 bool is_device_secure() {
     int ret = -1;
     char value[PROP_VALUE_MAX];
@@ -817,9 +828,7 @@
         }
 
         /* Translate LABEL= file system labels into block devices */
-        if (!strcmp(fstab->recs[i].fs_type, "ext2") ||
-            !strcmp(fstab->recs[i].fs_type, "ext3") ||
-            !strcmp(fstab->recs[i].fs_type, "ext4")) {
+        if (is_extfs(fstab->recs[i].fs_type)) {
             int tret = translate_ext_labels(&fstab->recs[i]);
             if (tret < 0) {
                 LERROR << "Could not translate label to block device";
@@ -827,8 +836,10 @@
             }
         }
 
-        if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_WAIT) {
-            wait_for_file(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+        if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_WAIT &&
+            !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, 20s)) {
+            LERROR << "Skipping '" << fstab->recs[i].blk_device << "' during mount_all";
+            continue;
         }
 
         if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_AVB) {
@@ -1031,22 +1042,12 @@
         }
 
         /* First check the filesystem if requested */
-        if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_WAIT) {
-            wait_for_file(n_blk_device, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+        if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_WAIT && !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(n_blk_device, 20s)) {
+            LERROR << "Skipping mounting '" << n_blk_device << "'";
+            continue;
         }
 
-        int fs_stat = 0;
-        int force_check = do_quota_with_shutdown_check(n_blk_device, fstab->recs[i].fs_type,
-                                                       &fstab->recs[i], &fs_stat);
-
-        if ((fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_CHECK) || force_check) {
-            check_fs(n_blk_device, fstab->recs[i].fs_type,
-                     fstab->recs[i].mount_point, &fs_stat);
-        }
-
-        if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_RESERVEDSIZE) {
-            do_reserved_size(n_blk_device, fstab->recs[i].fs_type, &fstab->recs[i], &fs_stat);
-        }
+        int fs_stat = prepare_fs_for_mount(n_blk_device, &fstab->recs[i]);
 
         if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_AVB) {
             if (!avb_handle) {
@@ -1205,8 +1206,11 @@
             fclose(zram_fp);
         }
 
-        if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_WAIT) {
-            wait_for_file(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, WAIT_TIMEOUT);
+        if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_WAIT &&
+            !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, 20s)) {
+            LERROR << "Skipping mkswap for '" << fstab->recs[i].blk_device << "'";
+            ret = -1;
+            continue;
         }
 
         /* Initialize the swap area */
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp
index 2c99aa7..7824cfa 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@
     fstab_entry->blk_device = strdup(verity_blk_name.c_str());
 
     // Makes sure we've set everything up properly.
-    if (wait_for_verity_dev && fs_mgr_test_access(verity_blk_name.c_str()) < 0) {
+    if (wait_for_verity_dev && !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(verity_blk_name, 1s)) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -473,16 +473,6 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-// Orange state means the device is unlocked, see the following link for details.
-// https://source.android.com/security/verifiedboot/verified-boot#device_state
-static inline bool IsDeviceUnlocked() {
-    std::string verified_boot_state;
-    if (fs_mgr_get_boot_config("verifiedbootstate", &verified_boot_state)) {
-        return verified_boot_state == "orange";
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
 FsManagerAvbUniquePtr FsManagerAvbHandle::Open(const fstab& fstab) {
     FsManagerAvbOps avb_ops(fstab);
     return DoOpen(&avb_ops);
@@ -498,7 +488,7 @@
 }
 
 FsManagerAvbUniquePtr FsManagerAvbHandle::DoOpen(FsManagerAvbOps* avb_ops) {
-    bool is_device_unlocked = IsDeviceUnlocked();
+    bool is_device_unlocked = fs_mgr_is_device_unlocked();
 
     FsManagerAvbUniquePtr avb_handle(new FsManagerAvbHandle());
     if (!avb_handle) {
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp
index ba1262f..43879fe 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp
@@ -142,10 +142,8 @@
     }
     std::string path = iter->second;
 
-    // Ensures the device path (a symlink created by init) is ready to
-    // access. fs_mgr_test_access() will test a few iterations if the
-    // path doesn't exist yet.
-    if (fs_mgr_test_access(path.c_str()) < 0) {
+    // Ensures the device path (a symlink created by init) is ready to access.
+    if (!fs_mgr_wait_for_file(path, 1s)) {
         return AVB_IO_RESULT_ERROR_NO_SUCH_PARTITION;
     }
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_boot_config.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_boot_config.cpp
index ab5beed..9c5d3f3 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_boot_config.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_boot_config.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <string>
+
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
@@ -21,19 +23,11 @@
 
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
 
-// Tries to get the boot config value in properties, kernel cmdline and
-// device tree (in that order).  returns 'true' if successfully found, 'false'
-// otherwise
-bool fs_mgr_get_boot_config(const std::string& key, std::string* out_val) {
+// Tries to get the given boot config value from kernel cmdline.
+// Returns true if successfully found, false otherwise.
+bool fs_mgr_get_boot_config_from_kernel_cmdline(const std::string& key, std::string* out_val) {
     FS_MGR_CHECK(out_val != nullptr);
 
-    // first check if we have "ro.boot" property already
-    *out_val = android::base::GetProperty("ro.boot." + key, "");
-    if (!out_val->empty()) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    // fallback to kernel cmdline, properties may not be ready yet
     std::string cmdline;
     std::string cmdline_key("androidboot." + key);
     if (android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/cmdline", &cmdline)) {
@@ -48,12 +42,34 @@
         }
     }
 
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Tries to get the boot config value in properties, kernel cmdline and
+// device tree (in that order).  returns 'true' if successfully found, 'false'
+// otherwise
+bool fs_mgr_get_boot_config(const std::string& key, std::string* out_val) {
+    FS_MGR_CHECK(out_val != nullptr);
+
+    // first check if we have "ro.boot" property already
+    *out_val = android::base::GetProperty("ro.boot." + key, "");
+    if (!out_val->empty()) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // fallback to kernel cmdline, properties may not be ready yet
+    if (fs_mgr_get_boot_config_from_kernel_cmdline(key, out_val)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
     // lastly, check the device tree
     if (is_dt_compatible()) {
-        std::string file_name = kAndroidDtDir + "/" + key;
-        // DT entries terminate with '\0' but so do the properties
+        std::string file_name = get_android_dt_dir() + "/" + key;
         if (android::base::ReadFileToString(file_name, out_val)) {
-            return true;
+            if (!out_val->empty()) {
+                out_val->pop_back();  // Trims the trailing '\0' out.
+                return true;
+            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp
index 5705f93..75feee7 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp
@@ -24,25 +24,21 @@
 #include <cutils/partition_utils.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
 
-#include <ext4_utils/ext4_utils.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4.h>
-#include <ext4_utils/make_ext4fs.h>
-#include <selinux/selinux.h>
-#include <selinux/label.h>
+#include <ext4_utils/ext4_utils.h>
+#include <logwrap/logwrap.h>
 #include <selinux/android.h>
+#include <selinux/label.h>
+#include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
 #include "cryptfs.h"
 
-extern "C" {
-extern struct fs_info info;     /* magic global from ext4_utils */
-extern void reset_ext4fs_info();
-}
-
 static int format_ext4(char *fs_blkdev, char *fs_mnt_point, bool crypt_footer)
 {
     uint64_t dev_sz;
     int fd, rc = 0;
+    int status;
 
     if ((fd = open(fs_blkdev, O_WRONLY)) < 0) {
         PERROR << "Cannot open block device";
@@ -55,30 +51,36 @@
         return -1;
     }
 
-    struct selabel_handle *sehandle = selinux_android_file_context_handle();
-    if (!sehandle) {
-        /* libselinux logs specific error */
-        LERROR << "Cannot initialize android file_contexts";
-        close(fd);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    /* Format the partition using the calculated length */
-    reset_ext4fs_info();
-    info.len = (off64_t)dev_sz;
-    if (crypt_footer) {
-        info.len -= CRYPT_FOOTER_OFFSET;
-    }
-
-    /* Use make_ext4fs_internal to avoid wiping an already-wiped partition. */
-    rc = make_ext4fs_internal(fd, NULL, NULL, fs_mnt_point, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, sehandle, 0, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-    if (rc) {
-        LERROR << "make_ext4fs returned " << rc;
-    }
     close(fd);
 
-    if (sehandle) {
-        selabel_close(sehandle);
+    /* Format the partition using the calculated length */
+    if (crypt_footer) {
+        dev_sz -= CRYPT_FOOTER_OFFSET;
+    }
+
+    std::string size_str = std::to_string(dev_sz / 4096);
+    const char* const mke2fs_args[] = {
+        "/system/bin/mke2fs", "-t", "ext4", "-b", "4096", fs_blkdev, size_str.c_str(), nullptr};
+
+    rc = android_fork_execvp_ext(arraysize(mke2fs_args), const_cast<char**>(mke2fs_args), &status,
+                                 true, LOG_KLOG, true, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
+    if (rc) {
+        LERROR << "mke2fs returned " << rc;
+        return rc;
+    }
+
+    const char* const e2fsdroid_args[] = {
+        "/system/bin/e2fsdroid",
+        "-e",
+        "-a",
+        fs_mnt_point,
+        fs_blkdev,
+        nullptr};
+
+    rc = android_fork_execvp_ext(arraysize(e2fsdroid_args), const_cast<char**>(e2fsdroid_args),
+                                 &status, true, LOG_KLOG, true, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
+    if (rc) {
+        LERROR << "e2fsdroid returned " << rc;
     }
 
     return rc;
@@ -86,42 +88,11 @@
 
 static int format_f2fs(char *fs_blkdev)
 {
-    char * args[3];
-    int pid;
-    int rc = 0;
+    int status;
+    const char* const args[] = {"/system/bin/make_f2fs", "-f", "-O encrypt", fs_blkdev, nullptr};
 
-    args[0] = (char *)"/sbin/mkfs.f2fs";
-    args[1] = fs_blkdev;
-    args[2] = (char *)0;
-
-    pid = fork();
-    if (pid < 0) {
-       return pid;
-    }
-    if (!pid) {
-        /* This doesn't return */
-        execv("/sbin/mkfs.f2fs", args);
-        exit(1);
-    }
-    for(;;) {
-        pid_t p = waitpid(pid, &rc, 0);
-        if (p != pid) {
-            LERROR << "Error waiting for child process - " << p;
-            rc = -1;
-            break;
-        }
-        if (WIFEXITED(rc)) {
-            rc = WEXITSTATUS(rc);
-            LINFO << args[0] << " done, status " << rc;
-            if (rc) {
-                rc = -1;
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        LERROR << "Still waiting for " << args[0] << "...";
-    }
-
-    return rc;
+    return android_fork_execvp_ext(arraysize(args), const_cast<char**>(args), &status, true,
+                                   LOG_KLOG, true, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
 }
 
 int fs_mgr_do_format(struct fstab_rec *fstab, bool crypt_footer)
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
index 7a41b14..41a5868 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@
 
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
 
+const std::string kDefaultAndroidDtDir("/proc/device-tree/firmware/android");
+
 struct fs_mgr_flag_values {
     char *key_loc;
     char *verity_loc;
@@ -39,7 +41,8 @@
     int max_comp_streams;
     unsigned int zram_size;
     uint64_t reserved_size;
-    unsigned int file_encryption_mode;
+    unsigned int file_contents_mode;
+    unsigned int file_names_mode;
     unsigned int erase_blk_size;
     unsigned int logical_blk_size;
 };
@@ -99,15 +102,51 @@
     { 0,                    0 },
 };
 
-#define EM_SOFTWARE 1
-#define EM_ICE      2
+#define EM_AES_256_XTS  1
+#define EM_ICE          2
+#define EM_AES_256_CTS  3
+#define EM_AES_256_HEH  4
 
-static struct flag_list encryption_modes[] = {
-    {"software", EM_SOFTWARE},
-    {"ice", EM_ICE},
-    {0, 0}
+static const struct flag_list file_contents_encryption_modes[] = {
+    {"aes-256-xts", EM_AES_256_XTS},
+    {"software", EM_AES_256_XTS}, /* alias for backwards compatibility */
+    {"ice", EM_ICE}, /* hardware-specific inline cryptographic engine */
+    {0, 0},
 };
 
+static const struct flag_list file_names_encryption_modes[] = {
+    {"aes-256-cts", EM_AES_256_CTS},
+    {"aes-256-heh", EM_AES_256_HEH},
+    {0, 0},
+};
+
+static unsigned int encryption_mode_to_flag(const struct flag_list *list,
+                                            const char *mode, const char *type)
+{
+    const struct flag_list *j;
+
+    for (j = list; j->name; ++j) {
+        if (!strcmp(mode, j->name)) {
+            return j->flag;
+        }
+    }
+    LERROR << "Unknown " << type << " encryption mode: " << mode;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *flag_to_encryption_mode(const struct flag_list *list,
+                                           unsigned int flag)
+{
+    const struct flag_list *j;
+
+    for (j = list; j->name; ++j) {
+        if (flag == j->flag) {
+            return j->name;
+        }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
 static uint64_t calculate_zram_size(unsigned int percentage)
 {
     uint64_t total;
@@ -206,20 +245,28 @@
                      * location of the keys.  Get it and return it.
                      */
                     flag_vals->key_loc = strdup(strchr(p, '=') + 1);
-                    flag_vals->file_encryption_mode = EM_SOFTWARE;
+                    flag_vals->file_contents_mode = EM_AES_256_XTS;
+                    flag_vals->file_names_mode = EM_AES_256_CTS;
                 } else if ((fl[i].flag == MF_FILEENCRYPTION) && flag_vals) {
-                    /* The fileencryption flag is followed by an = and the
-                     * type of the encryption.  Get it and return it.
+                    /* The fileencryption flag is followed by an = and
+                     * the mode of contents encryption, then optionally a
+                     * : and the mode of filenames encryption (defaults
+                     * to aes-256-cts).  Get it and return it.
                      */
-                    const struct flag_list *j;
-                    const char *mode = strchr(p, '=') + 1;
-                    for (j = encryption_modes; j->name; ++j) {
-                        if (!strcmp(mode, j->name)) {
-                            flag_vals->file_encryption_mode = j->flag;
-                        }
+                    char *mode = strchr(p, '=') + 1;
+                    char *colon = strchr(mode, ':');
+                    if (colon) {
+                        *colon = '\0';
                     }
-                    if (flag_vals->file_encryption_mode == 0) {
-                        LERROR << "Unknown file encryption mode: " << mode;
+                    flag_vals->file_contents_mode =
+                        encryption_mode_to_flag(file_contents_encryption_modes,
+                                                mode, "file contents");
+                    if (colon) {
+                        flag_vals->file_names_mode =
+                            encryption_mode_to_flag(file_names_encryption_modes,
+                                                    colon + 1, "file names");
+                    } else {
+                        flag_vals->file_names_mode = EM_AES_256_CTS;
                     }
                 } else if ((fl[i].flag == MF_LENGTH) && flag_vals) {
                     /* The length flag is followed by an = and the
@@ -313,9 +360,26 @@
     return f;
 }
 
+static std::string init_android_dt_dir() {
+    std::string android_dt_dir;
+    // The platform may specify a custom Android DT path in kernel cmdline
+    if (!fs_mgr_get_boot_config_from_kernel_cmdline("android_dt_dir", &android_dt_dir)) {
+        // Fall back to the standard procfs-based path
+        android_dt_dir = kDefaultAndroidDtDir;
+    }
+    return android_dt_dir;
+}
+
+// FIXME: The same logic is duplicated in system/core/init/
+const std::string& get_android_dt_dir() {
+    // Set once and saves time for subsequent calls to this function
+    static const std::string kAndroidDtDir = init_android_dt_dir();
+    return kAndroidDtDir;
+}
+
 static bool is_dt_fstab_compatible() {
     std::string dt_value;
-    std::string file_name = kAndroidDtDir + "/fstab/compatible";
+    std::string file_name = get_android_dt_dir() + "/fstab/compatible";
     if (read_dt_file(file_name, &dt_value)) {
         if (dt_value == "android,fstab") {
             return true;
@@ -331,7 +395,7 @@
         return fstab;
     }
 
-    std::string fstabdir_name = kAndroidDtDir + "/fstab";
+    std::string fstabdir_name = get_android_dt_dir() + "/fstab";
     std::unique_ptr<DIR, int (*)(DIR*)> fstabdir(opendir(fstabdir_name.c_str()), closedir);
     if (!fstabdir) return fstab;
 
@@ -394,7 +458,7 @@
 }
 
 bool is_dt_compatible() {
-    std::string file_name = kAndroidDtDir + "/compatible";
+    std::string file_name = get_android_dt_dir() + "/compatible";
     std::string dt_value;
     if (read_dt_file(file_name, &dt_value)) {
         if (dt_value == "android,firmware") {
@@ -521,7 +585,8 @@
         fstab->recs[cnt].max_comp_streams = flag_vals.max_comp_streams;
         fstab->recs[cnt].zram_size = flag_vals.zram_size;
         fstab->recs[cnt].reserved_size = flag_vals.reserved_size;
-        fstab->recs[cnt].file_encryption_mode = flag_vals.file_encryption_mode;
+        fstab->recs[cnt].file_contents_mode = flag_vals.file_contents_mode;
+        fstab->recs[cnt].file_names_mode = flag_vals.file_names_mode;
         fstab->recs[cnt].erase_blk_size = flag_vals.erase_blk_size;
         fstab->recs[cnt].logical_blk_size = flag_vals.logical_blk_size;
         cnt++;
@@ -789,15 +854,14 @@
     return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_FILEENCRYPTION;
 }
 
-const char* fs_mgr_get_file_encryption_mode(const struct fstab_rec *fstab)
+void fs_mgr_get_file_encryption_modes(const struct fstab_rec *fstab,
+                                      const char **contents_mode_ret,
+                                      const char **filenames_mode_ret)
 {
-    const struct flag_list *j;
-    for (j = encryption_modes; j->name; ++j) {
-        if (fstab->file_encryption_mode == j->flag) {
-            return j->name;
-        }
-    }
-    return NULL;
+    *contents_mode_ret = flag_to_encryption_mode(file_contents_encryption_modes,
+                                                 fstab->file_contents_mode);
+    *filenames_mode_ret = flag_to_encryption_mode(file_names_encryption_modes,
+                                                  fstab->file_names_mode);
 }
 
 int fs_mgr_is_convertible_to_fbe(const struct fstab_rec *fstab)
@@ -810,32 +874,26 @@
     return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_NOEMULATEDSD;
 }
 
-int fs_mgr_is_notrim(struct fstab_rec *fstab)
-{
+int fs_mgr_is_notrim(const struct fstab_rec* fstab) {
     return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_NOTRIM;
 }
 
-int fs_mgr_is_formattable(struct fstab_rec *fstab)
-{
+int fs_mgr_is_formattable(const struct fstab_rec* fstab) {
     return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & (MF_FORMATTABLE);
 }
 
-int fs_mgr_is_slotselect(struct fstab_rec *fstab)
-{
+int fs_mgr_is_slotselect(const struct fstab_rec* fstab) {
     return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_SLOTSELECT;
 }
 
-int fs_mgr_is_nofail(struct fstab_rec *fstab)
-{
+int fs_mgr_is_nofail(const struct fstab_rec* fstab) {
     return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_NOFAIL;
 }
 
-int fs_mgr_is_latemount(struct fstab_rec *fstab)
-{
+int fs_mgr_is_latemount(const struct fstab_rec* fstab) {
     return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_LATEMOUNT;
 }
 
-int fs_mgr_is_quota(struct fstab_rec *fstab)
-{
+int fs_mgr_is_quota(const struct fstab_rec* fstab) {
     return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_QUOTA;
 }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
index c985462..7423c1f 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
@@ -17,8 +17,12 @@
 #ifndef __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_H
 #define __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_H
 
+#include <chrono>
+#include <string>
+
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <fs_mgr.h>
+
+#include "fs_mgr.h"
 #include "fs_mgr_priv_boot_config.h"
 
 /* The CHECK() in logging.h will use program invocation name as the tag.
@@ -43,8 +47,6 @@
 
 #define CRYPTO_TMPFS_OPTIONS "size=256m,mode=0771,uid=1000,gid=1000"
 
-#define WAIT_TIMEOUT 20
-
 /* fstab has the following format:
  *
  * Any line starting with a # is a comment and ignored
@@ -110,9 +112,14 @@
 
 #define DM_BUF_SIZE 4096
 
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
 int fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(const char *blockdev);
-int fs_mgr_test_access(const char *device);
+bool fs_mgr_wait_for_file(const std::string& filename,
+                          const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout);
 bool fs_mgr_update_for_slotselect(struct fstab *fstab);
+bool fs_mgr_is_device_unlocked();
+const std::string& get_android_dt_dir();
 bool is_dt_compatible();
 bool is_device_secure();
 int load_verity_state(struct fstab_rec* fstab, int* mode);
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_boot_config.h b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_boot_config.h
index 8773d33..d98dc02 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_boot_config.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_boot_config.h
@@ -20,8 +20,7 @@
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
 #include <string>
 
-const std::string kAndroidDtDir("/proc/device-tree/firmware/android");
-
+bool fs_mgr_get_boot_config_from_kernel_cmdline(const std::string& key, std::string* out_val);
 bool fs_mgr_get_boot_config(const std::string& key, std::string* out_val);
 
 #endif /* __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_BOOTCONFIG_H */
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_slotselect.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_slotselect.cpp
index 9ca15e2..33fd562 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_slotselect.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_slotselect.cpp
@@ -21,19 +21,12 @@
 #include "fs_mgr.h"
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
 
-// Returns "_a" or "_b" based on two possible values in kernel cmdline:
-//   - androidboot.slot = a or b OR
-//   - androidboot.slot_suffix = _a or _b
-// TODO: remove slot_suffix once it's deprecated.
+// Returns "_a" or "_b" based on androidboot.slot_suffix in kernel cmdline, or an empty string
+// if that parameter does not exist.
 std::string fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix() {
-    std::string slot;
     std::string ab_suffix;
 
-    if (fs_mgr_get_boot_config("slot", &slot)) {
-        ab_suffix = "_" + slot;
-    } else if (!fs_mgr_get_boot_config("slot_suffix", &ab_suffix)) {
-        ab_suffix = "";
-    }
+    fs_mgr_get_boot_config("slot_suffix", &ab_suffix);
     return ab_suffix;
 }
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_verity.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_verity.cpp
index 8fa9370..7f8e1e2 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_verity.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_verity.cpp
@@ -782,8 +782,8 @@
     if (fec_verity_get_metadata(f, &verity) < 0) {
         PERROR << "Failed to get verity metadata '" << fstab->blk_device << "'";
         // Allow verity disabled when the device is unlocked without metadata
-        if ("0" == android::base::GetProperty("ro.boot.flash.locked", "")) {
-            retval = FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_DISABLED;
+        if (fs_mgr_is_device_unlocked()) {
+            retval = FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_SKIPPED;
             LWARNING << "Allow invalid metadata when the device is unlocked";
         }
         goto out;
@@ -841,9 +841,15 @@
 
     // verify the signature on the table
     if (verify_verity_signature(verity) < 0) {
+        // Allow signature verification error when the device is unlocked
+        if (fs_mgr_is_device_unlocked()) {
+            retval = FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_SKIPPED;
+            LWARNING << "Allow signature verification error when the device is unlocked";
+            goto out;
+        }
         if (params.mode == VERITY_MODE_LOGGING) {
             // the user has been warned, allow mounting without dm-verity
-            retval = FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_SUCCESS;
+            retval = FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_SKIPPED;
             goto out;
         }
 
@@ -929,7 +935,7 @@
     }
 
     // make sure we've set everything up properly
-    if (wait_for_verity_dev && fs_mgr_test_access(fstab->blk_device) < 0) {
+    if (wait_for_verity_dev && !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(fstab->blk_device, 1s)) {
         goto out;
     }
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h b/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h
index 3ea4e03..8a18ec0 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h
@@ -57,7 +57,8 @@
     int max_comp_streams;
     unsigned int zram_size;
     uint64_t reserved_size;
-    unsigned int file_encryption_mode;
+    unsigned int file_contents_mode;
+    unsigned int file_names_mode;
     unsigned int erase_blk_size;
     unsigned int logical_blk_size;
 };
@@ -77,15 +78,16 @@
 int fs_mgr_is_avb(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
 int fs_mgr_is_encryptable(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
 int fs_mgr_is_file_encrypted(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
-const char* fs_mgr_get_file_encryption_mode(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
+void fs_mgr_get_file_encryption_modes(const struct fstab_rec* fstab, const char** contents_mode_ret,
+                                      const char** filenames_mode_ret);
 int fs_mgr_is_convertible_to_fbe(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
 int fs_mgr_is_noemulatedsd(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
-int fs_mgr_is_notrim(struct fstab_rec* fstab);
-int fs_mgr_is_formattable(struct fstab_rec* fstab);
-int fs_mgr_is_slotselect(struct fstab_rec* fstab);
-int fs_mgr_is_nofail(struct fstab_rec* fstab);
-int fs_mgr_is_latemount(struct fstab_rec* fstab);
-int fs_mgr_is_quota(struct fstab_rec* fstab);
+int fs_mgr_is_notrim(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
+int fs_mgr_is_formattable(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
+int fs_mgr_is_slotselect(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
+int fs_mgr_is_nofail(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
+int fs_mgr_is_latemount(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
+int fs_mgr_is_quota(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
 
 __END_DECLS
 
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/Android.mk b/gatekeeperd/Android.mk
index 3f78955..0dfd9d8 100644
--- a/gatekeeperd/Android.mk
+++ b/gatekeeperd/Android.mk
@@ -33,7 +33,12 @@
 	libbase \
 	libutils \
 	libcrypto \
-	libkeystore_binder
+	libkeystore_binder \
+	libhidlbase \
+	libhidltransport \
+	libhwbinder \
+	android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0 \
+
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libscrypt_static
 LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := external/scrypt/lib/crypto
 LOCAL_INIT_RC := gatekeeperd.rc
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeper.h b/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeper.h
index cb02a6f..2f4f4d7 100644
--- a/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeper.h
+++ b/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeper.h
@@ -26,11 +26,11 @@
 }
 
 #include <android-base/memory.h>
-#include <UniquePtr.h>
 #include <gatekeeper/gatekeeper.h>
 
 #include <iostream>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include <memory>
 
 namespace gatekeeper {
 
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
     typedef std::unordered_map<uint32_t, failure_record_t> FailureRecordMap;
     typedef std::unordered_map<uint64_t, fast_hash_t> FastHashMap;
 
-    UniquePtr<uint8_t[]> key_;
+    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> key_;
     FailureRecordMap failure_map_;
     FastHashMap fast_hash_map_;
 };
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeperDevice.h b/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeperDevice.h
index 3463c29..e3dc068 100644
--- a/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeperDevice.h
+++ b/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeperDevice.h
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 #include "SoftGateKeeper.h"
 
-#include <UniquePtr.h>
+#include <memory>
 
 using namespace gatekeeper;
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
             const uint8_t *provided_password, uint32_t provided_password_length,
             uint8_t **auth_token, uint32_t *auth_token_length, bool *request_reenroll);
 private:
-    UniquePtr<SoftGateKeeper> impl_;
+    std::unique_ptr<SoftGateKeeper> impl_;
 };
 
 } // namespace gatekeeper
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp b/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
index 96bda07..73dab9b 100644
--- a/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
+++ b/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
+#include <memory>
 
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
@@ -39,6 +40,15 @@
 #include "SoftGateKeeperDevice.h"
 #include "IUserManager.h"
 
+#include <hidl/HidlSupport.h>
+#include <android/hardware/gatekeeper/1.0/IGatekeeper.h>
+
+using android::sp;
+using android::hardware::gatekeeper::V1_0::IGatekeeper;
+using android::hardware::gatekeeper::V1_0::GatekeeperStatusCode;
+using android::hardware::gatekeeper::V1_0::GatekeeperResponse;
+using android::hardware::Return;
+
 namespace android {
 
 static const String16 KEYGUARD_PERMISSION("android.permission.ACCESS_KEYGUARD_SECURE_STORAGE");
@@ -47,28 +57,22 @@
 class GateKeeperProxy : public BnGateKeeperService {
 public:
     GateKeeperProxy() {
-        int ret = hw_get_module_by_class(GATEKEEPER_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID, NULL, &module);
-        device = NULL;
+        hw_device = IGatekeeper::getService();
 
-        if (ret < 0) {
+        if (hw_device == nullptr) {
             ALOGW("falling back to software GateKeeper");
             soft_device.reset(new SoftGateKeeperDevice());
-        } else {
-            ret = gatekeeper_open(module, &device);
-            if (ret < 0)
-                LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(ret < 0, "Unable to open GateKeeper HAL");
         }
 
         if (mark_cold_boot()) {
             ALOGI("cold boot: clearing state");
-            if (device != NULL && device->delete_all_users != NULL) {
-                device->delete_all_users(device);
+            if (hw_device != nullptr) {
+                hw_device->deleteAllUsers([](const GatekeeperResponse &){});
             }
         }
     }
 
     virtual ~GateKeeperProxy() {
-        if (device) gatekeeper_close(device);
     }
 
     void store_sid(uint32_t uid, uint64_t sid) {
@@ -141,7 +145,7 @@
         if (desired_password_length == 0) return -EINVAL;
 
         int ret;
-        if (device) {
+        if (hw_device != nullptr) {
             const gatekeeper::password_handle_t *handle =
                     reinterpret_cast<const gatekeeper::password_handle_t *>(current_password_handle);
 
@@ -154,10 +158,37 @@
                 current_password_length = 0;
             }
 
-            ret = device->enroll(device, uid, current_password_handle, current_password_handle_length,
-                    current_password, current_password_length,
-                    desired_password, desired_password_length,
-                    enrolled_password_handle, enrolled_password_handle_length);
+            android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> curPwdHandle;
+            curPwdHandle.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(current_password_handle),
+                                       current_password_handle_length);
+            android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> curPwd;
+            curPwd.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(current_password),
+                                 current_password_length);
+            android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> newPwd;
+            newPwd.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(desired_password),
+                                 desired_password_length);
+
+            Return<void> hwRes = hw_device->enroll(uid, curPwdHandle, curPwd, newPwd,
+                              [&ret, enrolled_password_handle, enrolled_password_handle_length]
+                                   (const GatekeeperResponse &rsp) {
+                ret = static_cast<int>(rsp.code); // propagate errors
+                if (rsp.code >= GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_OK) {
+                    if (enrolled_password_handle != nullptr &&
+                        enrolled_password_handle_length != nullptr) {
+                        *enrolled_password_handle = new uint8_t[rsp.data.size()];
+                        *enrolled_password_handle_length = rsp.data.size();
+                        memcpy(*enrolled_password_handle, rsp.data.data(),
+                               *enrolled_password_handle_length);
+                    }
+                    ret = 0; // all success states are reported as 0
+                } else if (rsp.code == GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_RETRY_TIMEOUT && rsp.timeout > 0) {
+                    ret = rsp.timeout;
+                }
+            });
+            if (!hwRes.isOk()) {
+                ALOGE("enroll transaction failed\n");
+                ret = -1;
+            }
         } else {
             ret = soft_device->enroll(uid,
                     current_password_handle, current_password_handle_length,
@@ -214,16 +245,40 @@
             return -EINVAL;
 
         int ret;
-        if (device) {
+        if (hw_device != nullptr) {
             const gatekeeper::password_handle_t *handle =
                     reinterpret_cast<const gatekeeper::password_handle_t *>(enrolled_password_handle);
             // handle version 0 does not have hardware backed flag, and thus cannot be upgraded to
             // a HAL if there was none before
             if (handle->version == 0 || handle->hardware_backed) {
-                ret = device->verify(device, uid, challenge,
-                    enrolled_password_handle, enrolled_password_handle_length,
-                    provided_password, provided_password_length, auth_token, auth_token_length,
-                    request_reenroll);
+                android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> curPwdHandle;
+                curPwdHandle.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(enrolled_password_handle),
+                                           enrolled_password_handle_length);
+                android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> enteredPwd;
+                enteredPwd.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(provided_password),
+                                         provided_password_length);
+                Return<void> hwRes = hw_device->verify(uid, challenge, curPwdHandle, enteredPwd,
+                                        [&ret, request_reenroll, auth_token, auth_token_length]
+                                             (const GatekeeperResponse &rsp) {
+                    ret = static_cast<int>(rsp.code); // propagate errors
+                    if (auth_token != nullptr && auth_token_length != nullptr &&
+                        rsp.code >= GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_OK) {
+                        *auth_token = new uint8_t[rsp.data.size()];
+                        *auth_token_length = rsp.data.size();
+                        memcpy(*auth_token, rsp.data.data(), *auth_token_length);
+                        if (request_reenroll != nullptr) {
+                            *request_reenroll = (rsp.code == GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_REENROLL);
+                        }
+                        ret = 0; // all success states are reported as 0
+                    } else if (rsp.code == GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_RETRY_TIMEOUT &&
+                               rsp.timeout > 0) {
+                        ret = rsp.timeout;
+                    }
+                });
+                if (!hwRes.isOk()) {
+                    ALOGE("verify transaction failed\n");
+                    ret = -1;
+                }
             } else {
                 // upgrade scenario, a HAL has been added to this device where there was none before
                 SoftGateKeeperDevice soft_dev;
@@ -250,9 +305,9 @@
             sp<IBinder> binder = sm->getService(String16("android.security.keystore"));
             sp<IKeystoreService> service = interface_cast<IKeystoreService>(binder);
             if (service != NULL) {
-                status_t ret = service->addAuthToken(*auth_token, *auth_token_length);
-                if (ret != ResponseCode::NO_ERROR) {
-                    ALOGE("Falure sending auth token to KeyStore: %d", ret);
+                auto ret = service->addAuthToken(*auth_token, *auth_token_length);
+                if (!ret.isOk()) {
+                    ALOGE("Failure sending auth token to KeyStore: %" PRId32, int32_t(ret));
                 }
             } else {
                 ALOGE("Unable to communicate with KeyStore");
@@ -295,8 +350,8 @@
         }
         clear_sid(uid);
 
-        if (device != NULL && device->delete_user != NULL) {
-            device->delete_user(device, uid);
+        if (hw_device != nullptr) {
+            hw_device->deleteUser(uid, [] (const GatekeeperResponse &){});
         }
     }
 
@@ -308,7 +363,7 @@
             return PERMISSION_DENIED;
         }
 
-        if (device == NULL) {
+        if (hw_device == NULL) {
             const char *result = "Device not available";
             write(fd, result, strlen(result) + 1);
         } else {
@@ -320,9 +375,8 @@
     }
 
 private:
-    gatekeeper_device_t *device;
-    UniquePtr<SoftGateKeeperDevice> soft_device;
-    const hw_module_t *module;
+    sp<IGatekeeper> hw_device;
+    std::unique_ptr<SoftGateKeeperDevice> soft_device;
 };
 }// namespace android
 
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/tests/Android.mk b/gatekeeperd/tests/Android.mk
index a62b1d4..c38c64b 100644
--- a/gatekeeperd/tests/Android.mk
+++ b/gatekeeperd/tests/Android.mk
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 LOCAL_MODULE := gatekeeperd-unit-tests
 LOCAL_ADDITIONAL_DEPENDENCIES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/Android.mk
-LOCAL_CFLAGS += -g -Wall -Werror -std=gnu++11 -Wno-missing-field-initializers
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -g -Wall -Werror -Wno-missing-field-initializers
 LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libgatekeeper libcrypto libbase
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libscrypt_static
 LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := external/scrypt/lib/crypto
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/tests/gatekeeper_test.cpp b/gatekeeperd/tests/gatekeeper_test.cpp
index 47a8bfa..100375f 100644
--- a/gatekeeperd/tests/gatekeeper_test.cpp
+++ b/gatekeeperd/tests/gatekeeper_test.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <hardware/hw_auth_token.h>
-#include <UniquePtr.h>
 
 #include "../SoftGateKeeper.h"
 
diff --git a/healthd/Android.mk b/healthd/Android.mk
index b292725..8b59964 100644
--- a/healthd/Android.mk
+++ b/healthd/Android.mk
@@ -3,16 +3,6 @@
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := healthd_board_default.cpp
-LOCAL_MODULE := libhealthd.default
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Werror
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
-LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDE_DIRS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libbinder
-LOCAL_EXPORT_STATIC_LIBRARY_HEADERS := libbinder
-include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := BatteryMonitor.cpp
 LOCAL_MODULE := libbatterymonitor
 LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
@@ -21,26 +11,47 @@
 include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-ifeq ($(strip $(BOARD_CHARGER_ENABLE_SUSPEND)),true)
-LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DCHARGER_ENABLE_SUSPEND
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += libsuspend
-endif
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
     healthd_mode_android.cpp \
-    healthd_mode_charger.cpp \
-    AnimationParser.cpp \
-    BatteryPropertiesRegistrar.cpp \
+    BatteryPropertiesRegistrar.cpp
 
-LOCAL_MODULE := libhealthd_internal
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := bootable/recovery
+LOCAL_MODULE := libhealthd_android
 LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDE_DIRS := \
     $(LOCAL_PATH) \
-    $(LOCAL_PATH)/include \
+    $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
 
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := \
     libbatterymonitor \
     libbatteryservice \
-    libbinder \
+    libutils \
+    libbase \
+    libcutils \
+    liblog \
+    libc \
+
+include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
+
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+
+LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Werror
+ifeq ($(strip $(BOARD_CHARGER_DISABLE_INIT_BLANK)),true)
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DCHARGER_DISABLE_INIT_BLANK
+endif
+ifeq ($(strip $(BOARD_CHARGER_ENABLE_SUSPEND)),true)
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DCHARGER_ENABLE_SUSPEND
+endif
+
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
+    healthd_mode_charger.cpp \
+    AnimationParser.cpp
+
+LOCAL_MODULE := libhealthd_charger
+LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := bootable/recovery $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
+LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDE_DIRS := \
+    $(LOCAL_PATH) \
+    $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
+
+LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := \
     libminui \
     libpng \
     libz \
@@ -51,11 +62,14 @@
     libm \
     libc \
 
+ifeq ($(strip $(BOARD_CHARGER_ENABLE_SUSPEND)),true)
+LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES += libsuspend
+endif
+
 include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
 
-
+### charger ###
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
 ifeq ($(strip $(BOARD_CHARGER_NO_UI)),true)
 LOCAL_CHARGER_NO_UI := true
 endif
@@ -64,80 +78,57 @@
 endif
 
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-	healthd.cpp \
-	healthd_mode_android.cpp \
-	BatteryPropertiesRegistrar.cpp \
+    healthd_common.cpp \
+    charger.cpp \
 
-ifneq ($(strip $(LOCAL_CHARGER_NO_UI)),true)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES += healthd_mode_charger.cpp
-endif
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := healthd
+LOCAL_MODULE := charger
 LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
 LOCAL_FORCE_STATIC_EXECUTABLE := true
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT_SBIN)
 LOCAL_UNSTRIPPED_PATH := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT_SBIN_UNSTRIPPED)
+LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
 
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -D__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS -Werror
-
-ifeq ($(strip $(BOARD_CHARGER_DISABLE_INIT_BLANK)),true)
-LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DCHARGER_DISABLE_INIT_BLANK
-endif
-
-ifeq ($(strip $(BOARD_CHARGER_ENABLE_SUSPEND)),true)
-LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DCHARGER_ENABLE_SUSPEND
-endif
-
+LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Werror
 ifeq ($(strip $(LOCAL_CHARGER_NO_UI)),true)
 LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DCHARGER_NO_UI
 endif
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := bootable/recovery $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
-
 ifneq ($(BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST),)
 LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DBOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST=$(BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST)
 endif
-
 ifneq ($(BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW),)
 LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DBOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW=$(BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW)
 endif
 
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := \
-    libhealthd_internal \
+    libhealthd_charger \
     libbatterymonitor \
-    libbatteryservice \
-    libbinder \
     libbase \
-
-ifneq ($(strip $(LOCAL_CHARGER_NO_UI)),true)
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES += \
-   libminui \
-   libpng \
-   libz \
-
-endif
-
-
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES += \
     libutils \
     libcutils \
     liblog \
     libm \
     libc \
 
+ifneq ($(strip $(LOCAL_CHARGER_NO_UI)),true)
+LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES += \
+    libminui \
+    libpng \
+    libz \
+
+endif
+
 ifeq ($(strip $(BOARD_CHARGER_ENABLE_SUSPEND)),true)
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES += libsuspend
 endif
 
 LOCAL_HAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libhealthd
 
-# Symlink /charger to /sbin/healthd
+# Symlink /charger to /sbin/charger
 LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD := $(hide) mkdir -p $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT) \
-    && ln -sf /sbin/healthd $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/charger
+    && ln -sf /sbin/charger $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/charger
 
 include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
 
-
 ifneq ($(strip $(LOCAL_CHARGER_NO_UI)),true)
 define _add-charger-image
 include $$(CLEAR_VARS)
@@ -165,3 +156,41 @@
 _add-charger-image :=
 _img_modules :=
 endif # LOCAL_CHARGER_NO_UI
+
+### healthd ###
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
+    healthd_common.cpp \
+    healthd.cpp \
+
+LOCAL_MODULE := healthd
+LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
+LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
+
+ifneq ($(BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST),)
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DBOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST=$(BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST)
+endif
+ifneq ($(BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW),)
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DBOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW=$(BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW)
+endif
+
+LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := \
+    libhealthd_android \
+    libbatterymonitor \
+    libbatteryservice \
+    android.hardware.health@1.0-convert \
+
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
+    libbinder \
+    libbase \
+    libutils \
+    libcutils \
+    liblog \
+    libm \
+    libc \
+    libhidlbase \
+    libhidltransport \
+    android.hardware.health@1.0 \
+
+include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
diff --git a/healthd/BatteryMonitor.cpp b/healthd/BatteryMonitor.cpp
index 4e3b885..676ee41 100644
--- a/healthd/BatteryMonitor.cpp
+++ b/healthd/BatteryMonitor.cpp
@@ -351,6 +351,7 @@
 
 status_t BatteryMonitor::getProperty(int id, struct BatteryProperty *val) {
     status_t ret = BAD_VALUE;
+    std::string buf;
 
     val->valueInt64 = LONG_MIN;
 
@@ -403,6 +404,15 @@
         }
         break;
 
+    case BATTERY_PROP_BATTERY_STATUS:
+        if (mAlwaysPluggedDevice) {
+            val->valueInt64 = BATTERY_STATUS_CHARGING;
+        } else {
+            val->valueInt64 = getChargeStatus();
+        }
+        ret = NO_ERROR;
+        break;
+
     default:
         break;
     }
diff --git a/healthd/BatteryPropertiesRegistrar.cpp b/healthd/BatteryPropertiesRegistrar.cpp
index 523e1f1..e51a06d 100644
--- a/healthd/BatteryPropertiesRegistrar.cpp
+++ b/healthd/BatteryPropertiesRegistrar.cpp
@@ -36,9 +36,19 @@
 }
 
 void BatteryPropertiesRegistrar::notifyListeners(const struct BatteryProperties& props) {
-    Mutex::Autolock _l(mRegistrationLock);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < mListeners.size(); i++) {
-        mListeners[i]->batteryPropertiesChanged(props);
+    Vector<sp<IBatteryPropertiesListener> > listenersCopy;
+
+    // Binder currently may service an incoming oneway transaction whenever an
+    // outbound oneway call is made (if there is already a pending incoming
+    // oneway call waiting).  This is considered a bug and may change in the
+    // future.  For now, avoid recursive mutex lock while making outbound
+    // calls by making a local copy of the current list of listeners.
+    {
+        Mutex::Autolock _l(mRegistrationLock);
+        listenersCopy = mListeners;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < listenersCopy.size(); i++) {
+        listenersCopy[i]->batteryPropertiesChanged(props);
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/healthd/charger.cpp b/healthd/charger.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a8fe1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/healthd/charger.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "charger"
+#define KLOG_LEVEL 6
+
+#include <healthd/healthd.h>
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <cutils/klog.h>
+
+using namespace android;
+
+// main healthd loop
+extern int healthd_main(void);
+
+// Charger mode
+
+extern void healthd_mode_charger_init(struct healthd_config *config);
+extern int healthd_mode_charger_preparetowait(void);
+extern void healthd_mode_charger_heartbeat(void);
+extern void healthd_mode_charger_battery_update(
+    struct android::BatteryProperties *props);
+
+// NOPs for modes that need no special action
+
+static void healthd_mode_nop_init(struct healthd_config *config);
+static int healthd_mode_nop_preparetowait(void);
+static void healthd_mode_nop_heartbeat(void);
+static void healthd_mode_nop_battery_update(
+    struct android::BatteryProperties *props);
+
+static struct healthd_mode_ops healthd_nops = {
+    .init = healthd_mode_nop_init,
+    .preparetowait = healthd_mode_nop_preparetowait,
+    .heartbeat = healthd_mode_nop_heartbeat,
+    .battery_update = healthd_mode_nop_battery_update,
+};
+
+#ifdef CHARGER_NO_UI
+static struct healthd_mode_ops charger_ops = healthd_nops;
+#else
+static struct healthd_mode_ops charger_ops = {
+    .init = healthd_mode_charger_init,
+    .preparetowait = healthd_mode_charger_preparetowait,
+    .heartbeat = healthd_mode_charger_heartbeat,
+    .battery_update = healthd_mode_charger_battery_update,
+};
+#endif
+
+static void healthd_mode_nop_init(struct healthd_config* /*config*/) {
+}
+
+static int healthd_mode_nop_preparetowait(void) {
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static void healthd_mode_nop_heartbeat(void) {
+}
+
+static void healthd_mode_nop_battery_update(
+    struct android::BatteryProperties* /*props*/) {
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    int ch;
+
+    healthd_mode_ops = &charger_ops;
+
+    while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "cr")) != -1) {
+        switch (ch) {
+            case 'c':
+                // -c is now a noop
+                break;
+            case 'r':
+                // force nops for recovery
+                healthd_mode_ops = &healthd_nops;
+                break;
+            case '?':
+            default:
+                KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG, "Unrecognized charger option: %c\n",
+                        optopt);
+                exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return healthd_main();
+}
diff --git a/healthd/healthd.cpp b/healthd/healthd.cpp
index aa6735d..ed1971a 100644
--- a/healthd/healthd.cpp
+++ b/healthd/healthd.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,369 +18,106 @@
 #define KLOG_LEVEL 6
 
 #include <healthd/healthd.h>
-#include <healthd/BatteryMonitor.h>
 
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <libgen.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
-#include <batteryservice/BatteryService.h>
 #include <cutils/klog.h>
-#include <cutils/uevent.h>
-#include <sys/epoll.h>
-#include <sys/timerfd.h>
-#include <utils/Errors.h>
+
+#include <android/hardware/health/1.0/IHealth.h>
+#include <android/hardware/health/1.0/types.h>
+#include <hal_conversion.h>
 
 using namespace android;
 
-#ifndef BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST
-  // Periodic chores fast interval in seconds
-  #define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST (60 * 1)
-#else
-  #define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST (BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST)
-#endif
+using IHealth = ::android::hardware::health::V1_0::IHealth;
+using Result = ::android::hardware::health::V1_0::Result;
+using HealthConfig = ::android::hardware::health::V1_0::HealthConfig;
+using HealthInfo = ::android::hardware::health::V1_0::HealthInfo;
 
-#ifndef BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW
-  // Periodic chores fast interval in seconds
-  #define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW (60 * 10)
-#else
-  #define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW (BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW)
-#endif
+using ::android::hardware::health::V1_0::hal_conversion::convertToHealthConfig;
+using ::android::hardware::health::V1_0::hal_conversion::convertFromHealthConfig;
+using ::android::hardware::health::V1_0::hal_conversion::convertToHealthInfo;
+using ::android::hardware::health::V1_0::hal_conversion::convertFromHealthInfo;
 
-static struct healthd_config healthd_config = {
-    .periodic_chores_interval_fast = DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST,
-    .periodic_chores_interval_slow = DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW,
-    .batteryStatusPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryHealthPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryPresentPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryCapacityPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryVoltagePath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryTemperaturePath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryTechnologyPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryCurrentNowPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryCurrentAvgPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryChargeCounterPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryFullChargePath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-    .batteryCycleCountPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
-    .energyCounter = NULL,
-    .boot_min_cap = 0,
-    .screen_on = NULL,
-};
+// device specific hal interface;
+static sp<IHealth> gHealth;
 
-static int eventct;
-static int epollfd;
-
-#define POWER_SUPPLY_SUBSYSTEM "power_supply"
-
-// epoll_create() parameter is actually unused
-#define MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS 40
-static int uevent_fd;
-static int wakealarm_fd;
-
-// -1 for no epoll timeout
-static int awake_poll_interval = -1;
-
-static int wakealarm_wake_interval = DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST;
-
-static BatteryMonitor* gBatteryMonitor;
-
-struct healthd_mode_ops *healthd_mode_ops;
+// main healthd loop
+extern int healthd_main(void);
 
 // Android mode
-
 extern void healthd_mode_android_init(struct healthd_config *config);
 extern int healthd_mode_android_preparetowait(void);
+extern void healthd_mode_android_heartbeat(void);
 extern void healthd_mode_android_battery_update(
     struct android::BatteryProperties *props);
 
-// Charger mode
-
-extern void healthd_mode_charger_init(struct healthd_config *config);
-extern int healthd_mode_charger_preparetowait(void);
-extern void healthd_mode_charger_heartbeat(void);
-extern void healthd_mode_charger_battery_update(
-    struct android::BatteryProperties *props);
-
-// NOPs for modes that need no special action
-
-static void healthd_mode_nop_init(struct healthd_config *config);
-static int healthd_mode_nop_preparetowait(void);
-static void healthd_mode_nop_heartbeat(void);
-static void healthd_mode_nop_battery_update(
-    struct android::BatteryProperties *props);
-
 static struct healthd_mode_ops android_ops = {
     .init = healthd_mode_android_init,
     .preparetowait = healthd_mode_android_preparetowait,
-    .heartbeat = healthd_mode_nop_heartbeat,
+    .heartbeat = healthd_mode_android_heartbeat,
     .battery_update = healthd_mode_android_battery_update,
 };
 
-static struct healthd_mode_ops charger_ops = {
-#ifdef CHARGER_NO_UI
-    .init = healthd_mode_nop_init,
-    .preparetowait = healthd_mode_nop_preparetowait,
-    .heartbeat = healthd_mode_nop_heartbeat,
-    .battery_update = healthd_mode_nop_battery_update,
-#else
-    .init = healthd_mode_charger_init,
-    .preparetowait = healthd_mode_charger_preparetowait,
-    .heartbeat = healthd_mode_charger_heartbeat,
-    .battery_update = healthd_mode_charger_battery_update,
-#endif
-};
+// default energy counter property redirect to talk to device
+// HAL
+static int healthd_board_get_energy_counter(int64_t *energy) {
 
-static struct healthd_mode_ops recovery_ops = {
-    .init = healthd_mode_nop_init,
-    .preparetowait = healthd_mode_nop_preparetowait,
-    .heartbeat = healthd_mode_nop_heartbeat,
-    .battery_update = healthd_mode_nop_battery_update,
-};
-
-static void healthd_mode_nop_init(struct healthd_config* /*config*/) {
-}
-
-static int healthd_mode_nop_preparetowait(void) {
-    return -1;
-}
-
-static void healthd_mode_nop_heartbeat(void) {
-}
-
-static void healthd_mode_nop_battery_update(
-    struct android::BatteryProperties* /*props*/) {
-}
-
-int healthd_register_event(int fd, void (*handler)(uint32_t), EventWakeup wakeup) {
-    struct epoll_event ev;
-
-    ev.events = EPOLLIN;
-
-    if (wakeup == EVENT_WAKEUP_FD)
-        ev.events |= EPOLLWAKEUP;
-
-    ev.data.ptr = (void *)handler;
-    if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &ev) == -1) {
-        KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG,
-                   "epoll_ctl failed; errno=%d\n", errno);
-        return -1;
+    if (gHealth == nullptr) {
+        return NAME_NOT_FOUND;
     }
 
-    eventct++;
-    return 0;
+    Result result = Result::NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    gHealth->energyCounter([=, &result] (Result ret, int64_t energyOut) {
+                result = ret;
+                *energy = energyOut;
+            });
+
+    return result == Result::SUCCESS ? OK : NAME_NOT_FOUND;
 }
 
-static void wakealarm_set_interval(int interval) {
-    struct itimerspec itval;
+void healthd_board_init(struct healthd_config *config) {
 
-    if (wakealarm_fd == -1)
-            return;
+    // Initialize the board HAL - Equivalent of healthd_board_init(config)
+    // in charger/recovery mode.
 
-    wakealarm_wake_interval = interval;
-
-    if (interval == -1)
-        interval = 0;
-
-    itval.it_interval.tv_sec = interval;
-    itval.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0;
-    itval.it_value.tv_sec = interval;
-    itval.it_value.tv_nsec = 0;
-
-    if (timerfd_settime(wakealarm_fd, 0, &itval, NULL) == -1)
-        KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG, "wakealarm_set_interval: timerfd_settime failed\n");
-}
-
-status_t healthd_get_property(int id, struct BatteryProperty *val) {
-    return gBatteryMonitor->getProperty(id, val);
-}
-
-void healthd_battery_update(void) {
-    // Fast wake interval when on charger (watch for overheat);
-    // slow wake interval when on battery (watch for drained battery).
-
-   int new_wake_interval = gBatteryMonitor->update() ?
-       healthd_config.periodic_chores_interval_fast :
-           healthd_config.periodic_chores_interval_slow;
-
-    if (new_wake_interval != wakealarm_wake_interval)
-            wakealarm_set_interval(new_wake_interval);
-
-    // During awake periods poll at fast rate.  If wake alarm is set at fast
-    // rate then just use the alarm; if wake alarm is set at slow rate then
-    // poll at fast rate while awake and let alarm wake up at slow rate when
-    // asleep.
-
-    if (healthd_config.periodic_chores_interval_fast == -1)
-        awake_poll_interval = -1;
-    else
-        awake_poll_interval =
-            new_wake_interval == healthd_config.periodic_chores_interval_fast ?
-                -1 : healthd_config.periodic_chores_interval_fast * 1000;
-}
-
-void healthd_dump_battery_state(int fd) {
-    gBatteryMonitor->dumpState(fd);
-    fsync(fd);
-}
-
-static void periodic_chores() {
-    healthd_battery_update();
-}
-
-#define UEVENT_MSG_LEN 2048
-static void uevent_event(uint32_t /*epevents*/) {
-    char msg[UEVENT_MSG_LEN+2];
-    char *cp;
-    int n;
-
-    n = uevent_kernel_multicast_recv(uevent_fd, msg, UEVENT_MSG_LEN);
-    if (n <= 0)
-        return;
-    if (n >= UEVENT_MSG_LEN)   /* overflow -- discard */
-        return;
-
-    msg[n] = '\0';
-    msg[n+1] = '\0';
-    cp = msg;
-
-    while (*cp) {
-        if (!strcmp(cp, "SUBSYSTEM=" POWER_SUPPLY_SUBSYSTEM)) {
-            healthd_battery_update();
-            break;
-        }
-
-        /* advance to after the next \0 */
-        while (*cp++)
-            ;
-    }
-}
-
-static void uevent_init(void) {
-    uevent_fd = uevent_open_socket(64*1024, true);
-
-    if (uevent_fd < 0) {
-        KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG, "uevent_init: uevent_open_socket failed\n");
+    gHealth = IHealth::getService();
+    if (gHealth == nullptr) {
+        KLOG_WARNING(LOG_TAG, "unable to get HAL interface, using defaults\n");
         return;
     }
 
-    fcntl(uevent_fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
-    if (healthd_register_event(uevent_fd, uevent_event, EVENT_WAKEUP_FD))
-        KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG,
-                   "register for uevent events failed\n");
+    HealthConfig halConfig;
+    convertToHealthConfig(config, halConfig);
+    gHealth->init(halConfig, [=] (const auto &halConfigOut) {
+            convertFromHealthConfig(halConfigOut, config);
+            // always redirect energy counter queries
+            config->energyCounter = healthd_board_get_energy_counter;
+            });
 }
 
-static void wakealarm_event(uint32_t /*epevents*/) {
-    unsigned long long wakeups;
+int healthd_board_battery_update(struct android::BatteryProperties *props) {
+    int logthis = 0;
 
-    if (read(wakealarm_fd, &wakeups, sizeof(wakeups)) == -1) {
-        KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG, "wakealarm_event: read wakealarm fd failed\n");
-        return;
+    if (gHealth == nullptr) {
+        return logthis;
     }
 
-    periodic_chores();
+    HealthInfo info;
+    convertToHealthInfo(props, info);
+    gHealth->update(info,
+            [=, &logthis] (int32_t ret, const auto &infoOut) {
+                logthis = ret;
+                convertFromHealthInfo(infoOut, props);
+            });
+
+    return logthis;
 }
 
-static void wakealarm_init(void) {
-    wakealarm_fd = timerfd_create(CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM, TFD_NONBLOCK);
-    if (wakealarm_fd == -1) {
-        KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG, "wakealarm_init: timerfd_create failed\n");
-        return;
-    }
+int main(int /*argc*/, char ** /*argv*/) {
 
-    if (healthd_register_event(wakealarm_fd, wakealarm_event, EVENT_WAKEUP_FD))
-        KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG,
-                   "Registration of wakealarm event failed\n");
-
-    wakealarm_set_interval(healthd_config.periodic_chores_interval_fast);
-}
-
-static void healthd_mainloop(void) {
-    int nevents = 0;
-    while (1) {
-        struct epoll_event events[eventct];
-        int timeout = awake_poll_interval;
-        int mode_timeout;
-
-        /* Don't wait for first timer timeout to run periodic chores */
-        if (!nevents)
-            periodic_chores();
-
-        healthd_mode_ops->heartbeat();
-
-        mode_timeout = healthd_mode_ops->preparetowait();
-        if (timeout < 0 || (mode_timeout > 0 && mode_timeout < timeout))
-            timeout = mode_timeout;
-        nevents = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, eventct, timeout);
-        if (nevents == -1) {
-            if (errno == EINTR)
-                continue;
-            KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG, "healthd_mainloop: epoll_wait failed\n");
-            break;
-        }
-
-        for (int n = 0; n < nevents; ++n) {
-            if (events[n].data.ptr)
-                (*(void (*)(int))events[n].data.ptr)(events[n].events);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return;
-}
-
-static int healthd_init() {
-    epollfd = epoll_create(MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS);
-    if (epollfd == -1) {
-        KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG,
-                   "epoll_create failed; errno=%d\n",
-                   errno);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    healthd_board_init(&healthd_config);
-    healthd_mode_ops->init(&healthd_config);
-    wakealarm_init();
-    uevent_init();
-    gBatteryMonitor = new BatteryMonitor();
-    gBatteryMonitor->init(&healthd_config);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char **argv) {
-    int ch;
-    int ret;
-
-    klog_set_level(KLOG_LEVEL);
     healthd_mode_ops = &android_ops;
 
-    if (!strcmp(basename(argv[0]), "charger")) {
-        healthd_mode_ops = &charger_ops;
-    } else {
-        while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "cr")) != -1) {
-            switch (ch) {
-            case 'c':
-                healthd_mode_ops = &charger_ops;
-                break;
-            case 'r':
-                healthd_mode_ops = &recovery_ops;
-                break;
-            case '?':
-            default:
-                KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG, "Unrecognized healthd option: %c\n",
-                           optopt);
-                exit(1);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    ret = healthd_init();
-    if (ret) {
-        KLOG_ERROR("Initialization failed, exiting\n");
-        exit(2);
-    }
-
-    healthd_mainloop();
-    KLOG_ERROR("Main loop terminated, exiting\n");
-    return 3;
+    return healthd_main();
 }
diff --git a/healthd/healthd_board_default.cpp b/healthd/healthd_board_default.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index eb55773..0000000
--- a/healthd/healthd_board_default.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <healthd/healthd.h>
-
-void healthd_board_init(struct healthd_config*)
-{
-    // use defaults
-}
-
-
-int healthd_board_battery_update(struct android::BatteryProperties*)
-{
-    // return 0 to log periodic polled battery status to kernel log
-    return 0;
-}
diff --git a/healthd/healthd_common.cpp b/healthd/healthd_common.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6599919
--- /dev/null
+++ b/healthd/healthd_common.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "healthd-common"
+#define KLOG_LEVEL 6
+
+#include <healthd/healthd.h>
+#include <healthd/BatteryMonitor.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <libgen.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <batteryservice/BatteryService.h>
+#include <cutils/klog.h>
+#include <cutils/uevent.h>
+#include <sys/epoll.h>
+#include <sys/timerfd.h>
+#include <utils/Errors.h>
+
+using namespace android;
+
+#ifndef BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST
+  // Periodic chores fast interval in seconds
+  #define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST (60 * 1)
+#else
+  #define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST (BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW
+  // Periodic chores fast interval in seconds
+  #define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW (60 * 10)
+#else
+  #define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW (BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW)
+#endif
+
+static struct healthd_config healthd_config = {
+    .periodic_chores_interval_fast = DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST,
+    .periodic_chores_interval_slow = DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW,
+    .batteryStatusPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
+    .batteryHealthPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
+    .batteryPresentPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
+    .batteryCapacityPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
+    .batteryVoltagePath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
+    .batteryTemperaturePath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
+    .batteryTechnologyPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
+    .batteryCurrentNowPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
+    .batteryCurrentAvgPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
+    .batteryChargeCounterPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
+    .batteryFullChargePath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
+    .batteryCycleCountPath = String8(String8::kEmptyString),
+    .energyCounter = NULL,
+    .boot_min_cap = 0,
+    .screen_on = NULL,
+};
+
+static int eventct;
+static int epollfd;
+
+#define POWER_SUPPLY_SUBSYSTEM "power_supply"
+
+// epoll_create() parameter is actually unused
+#define MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS 40
+static int uevent_fd;
+static int wakealarm_fd;
+
+// -1 for no epoll timeout
+static int awake_poll_interval = -1;
+
+static int wakealarm_wake_interval = DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST;
+
+static BatteryMonitor* gBatteryMonitor;
+
+struct healthd_mode_ops *healthd_mode_ops;
+
+int healthd_register_event(int fd, void (*handler)(uint32_t), EventWakeup wakeup) {
+    struct epoll_event ev;
+
+    ev.events = EPOLLIN;
+
+    if (wakeup == EVENT_WAKEUP_FD)
+        ev.events |= EPOLLWAKEUP;
+
+    ev.data.ptr = (void *)handler;
+    if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &ev) == -1) {
+        KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG,
+                   "epoll_ctl failed; errno=%d\n", errno);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    eventct++;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void wakealarm_set_interval(int interval) {
+    struct itimerspec itval;
+
+    if (wakealarm_fd == -1)
+            return;
+
+    wakealarm_wake_interval = interval;
+
+    if (interval == -1)
+        interval = 0;
+
+    itval.it_interval.tv_sec = interval;
+    itval.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0;
+    itval.it_value.tv_sec = interval;
+    itval.it_value.tv_nsec = 0;
+
+    if (timerfd_settime(wakealarm_fd, 0, &itval, NULL) == -1)
+        KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG, "wakealarm_set_interval: timerfd_settime failed\n");
+}
+
+status_t healthd_get_property(int id, struct BatteryProperty *val) {
+    return gBatteryMonitor->getProperty(id, val);
+}
+
+void healthd_battery_update(void) {
+    // Fast wake interval when on charger (watch for overheat);
+    // slow wake interval when on battery (watch for drained battery).
+
+   int new_wake_interval = gBatteryMonitor->update() ?
+       healthd_config.periodic_chores_interval_fast :
+           healthd_config.periodic_chores_interval_slow;
+
+    if (new_wake_interval != wakealarm_wake_interval)
+            wakealarm_set_interval(new_wake_interval);
+
+    // During awake periods poll at fast rate.  If wake alarm is set at fast
+    // rate then just use the alarm; if wake alarm is set at slow rate then
+    // poll at fast rate while awake and let alarm wake up at slow rate when
+    // asleep.
+
+    if (healthd_config.periodic_chores_interval_fast == -1)
+        awake_poll_interval = -1;
+    else
+        awake_poll_interval =
+            new_wake_interval == healthd_config.periodic_chores_interval_fast ?
+                -1 : healthd_config.periodic_chores_interval_fast * 1000;
+}
+
+void healthd_dump_battery_state(int fd) {
+    gBatteryMonitor->dumpState(fd);
+    fsync(fd);
+}
+
+static void periodic_chores() {
+    healthd_battery_update();
+}
+
+#define UEVENT_MSG_LEN 2048
+static void uevent_event(uint32_t /*epevents*/) {
+    char msg[UEVENT_MSG_LEN+2];
+    char *cp;
+    int n;
+
+    n = uevent_kernel_multicast_recv(uevent_fd, msg, UEVENT_MSG_LEN);
+    if (n <= 0)
+        return;
+    if (n >= UEVENT_MSG_LEN)   /* overflow -- discard */
+        return;
+
+    msg[n] = '\0';
+    msg[n+1] = '\0';
+    cp = msg;
+
+    while (*cp) {
+        if (!strcmp(cp, "SUBSYSTEM=" POWER_SUPPLY_SUBSYSTEM)) {
+            healthd_battery_update();
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* advance to after the next \0 */
+        while (*cp++)
+            ;
+    }
+}
+
+static void uevent_init(void) {
+    uevent_fd = uevent_open_socket(64*1024, true);
+
+    if (uevent_fd < 0) {
+        KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG, "uevent_init: uevent_open_socket failed\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    fcntl(uevent_fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
+    if (healthd_register_event(uevent_fd, uevent_event, EVENT_WAKEUP_FD))
+        KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG,
+                   "register for uevent events failed\n");
+}
+
+static void wakealarm_event(uint32_t /*epevents*/) {
+    unsigned long long wakeups;
+
+    if (read(wakealarm_fd, &wakeups, sizeof(wakeups)) == -1) {
+        KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG, "wakealarm_event: read wakealarm fd failed\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    periodic_chores();
+}
+
+static void wakealarm_init(void) {
+    wakealarm_fd = timerfd_create(CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM, TFD_NONBLOCK);
+    if (wakealarm_fd == -1) {
+        KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG, "wakealarm_init: timerfd_create failed\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (healthd_register_event(wakealarm_fd, wakealarm_event, EVENT_WAKEUP_FD))
+        KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG,
+                   "Registration of wakealarm event failed\n");
+
+    wakealarm_set_interval(healthd_config.periodic_chores_interval_fast);
+}
+
+static void healthd_mainloop(void) {
+    int nevents = 0;
+    while (1) {
+        struct epoll_event events[eventct];
+        int timeout = awake_poll_interval;
+        int mode_timeout;
+
+        /* Don't wait for first timer timeout to run periodic chores */
+        if (!nevents)
+            periodic_chores();
+
+        healthd_mode_ops->heartbeat();
+
+        mode_timeout = healthd_mode_ops->preparetowait();
+        if (timeout < 0 || (mode_timeout > 0 && mode_timeout < timeout))
+            timeout = mode_timeout;
+        nevents = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, eventct, timeout);
+        if (nevents == -1) {
+            if (errno == EINTR)
+                continue;
+            KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG, "healthd_mainloop: epoll_wait failed\n");
+            break;
+        }
+
+        for (int n = 0; n < nevents; ++n) {
+            if (events[n].data.ptr)
+                (*(void (*)(int))events[n].data.ptr)(events[n].events);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return;
+}
+
+static int healthd_init() {
+    epollfd = epoll_create(MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS);
+    if (epollfd == -1) {
+        KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG,
+                   "epoll_create failed; errno=%d\n",
+                   errno);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    healthd_board_init(&healthd_config);
+    healthd_mode_ops->init(&healthd_config);
+    wakealarm_init();
+    uevent_init();
+    gBatteryMonitor = new BatteryMonitor();
+    gBatteryMonitor->init(&healthd_config);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int healthd_main() {
+    int ret;
+
+    klog_set_level(KLOG_LEVEL);
+
+    if (!healthd_mode_ops) {
+        KLOG_ERROR("healthd ops not set, exiting\n");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    ret = healthd_init();
+    if (ret) {
+        KLOG_ERROR("Initialization failed, exiting\n");
+        exit(2);
+    }
+
+    healthd_mainloop();
+    KLOG_ERROR("Main loop terminated, exiting\n");
+    return 3;
+}
diff --git a/healthd/healthd_mode_android.cpp b/healthd/healthd_mode_android.cpp
index 323ef52..c612313 100644
--- a/healthd/healthd_mode_android.cpp
+++ b/healthd/healthd_mode_android.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,9 @@
     return -1;
 }
 
+void healthd_mode_android_heartbeat(void) {
+}
+
 static void binder_event(uint32_t /*epevents*/) {
     IPCThreadState::self()->handlePolledCommands();
 }
diff --git a/healthd/healthd_mode_charger.cpp b/healthd/healthd_mode_charger.cpp
index d7d1454..c76762d 100644
--- a/healthd/healthd_mode_charger.cpp
+++ b/healthd/healthd_mode_charger.cpp
@@ -40,12 +40,12 @@
 #include <linux/netlink.h>
 
 #include <batteryservice/BatteryService.h>
-#include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
 #include <cutils/klog.h>
 #include <cutils/misc.h>
 #include <cutils/uevent.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <minui/minui.h>
+#include <sys/reboot.h>
 
 #ifdef CHARGER_ENABLE_SUSPEND
 #include <suspend/autosuspend.h>
@@ -642,7 +642,7 @@
                 } else {
                     if (charger->batt_anim->cur_level >= charger->boot_min_cap) {
                         LOGW("[%" PRId64 "] rebooting\n", now);
-                        android_reboot(ANDROID_RB_RESTART, 0, 0);
+                        reboot(RB_AUTOBOOT);
                     } else {
                         LOGV("[%" PRId64 "] ignore power-button press, battery level "
                             "less than minimum\n", now);
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@
                  now, (int64_t)UNPLUGGED_SHUTDOWN_TIME, charger->next_pwr_check);
         } else if (now >= charger->next_pwr_check) {
             LOGW("[%" PRId64 "] shutting down\n", now);
-            android_reboot(ANDROID_RB_POWEROFF, 0, 0);
+            reboot(RB_POWER_OFF);
         } else {
             /* otherwise we already have a shutdown timer scheduled */
         }
diff --git a/include/private/fs_config.h b/include/private/fs_config.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9868a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/private/fs_config.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// TODO(b/63135587) remove this file after the transitive dependency
+// from private/android_filesystem_config.h is resolved. All files that use
+// libcutils/include/private/fs_config.h should include the file directly, not
+// indirectly via private/android_filesystem_config.h.
diff --git a/init/Android.bp b/init/Android.bp
index fce424e..0e580fc 100644
--- a/init/Android.bp
+++ b/init/Android.bp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
     name: "init_defaults",
     cpp_std: "experimental",
     sanitize: {
-        misc_undefined: ["integer"],
+        misc_undefined: ["signed-integer-overflow"],
     },
     cppflags: [
         "-DLOG_UEVENTS=0",
@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@
                 "-DSHUTDOWN_ZERO_TIMEOUT=1",
             ],
         },
+        uml: {
+            cppflags: ["-DUSER_MODE_LINUX"],
+        }
     },
 }
 
@@ -67,10 +70,16 @@
         "devices.cpp",
         "firmware_handler.cpp",
         "import_parser.cpp",
-        "init_parser.cpp",
         "log.cpp",
         "parser.cpp",
+        "persistent_properties.cpp",
+        "persistent_properties.proto",
+        "property_service.cpp",
+        "security.cpp",
+        "selinux.cpp",
         "service.cpp",
+        "rlimit_parser.cpp",
+        "tokenizer.cpp",
         "uevent_listener.cpp",
         "ueventd_parser.cpp",
         "util.cpp",
@@ -81,7 +90,16 @@
         "libselinux",
         "liblog",
         "libprocessgroup",
+        "libfs_mgr",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-lite",
     ],
+    include_dirs: [
+        "system/core/mkbootimg",
+    ],
+    proto: {
+        type: "lite",
+        export_proto_headers: true,
+    },
 }
 
 /*
@@ -94,6 +112,10 @@
 
     name: "init",
     defaults: ["init_defaults"],
+    required: [
+        "e2fsdroid",
+        "mke2fs",
+    ],
     static_executable: true,
     srcs: [
         "bootchart.cpp",
@@ -101,15 +123,11 @@
         "init.cpp",
         "init_first_stage.cpp",
         "keychords.cpp",
-        "property_service.cpp",
         "reboot.cpp",
-        "signal_handler.cpp",
+        "sigchld_handler.cpp",
         "ueventd.cpp",
         "watchdogd.cpp",
     ],
-    include_dirs: [
-        "system/core/mkbootimg"
-    ],
     static_libs: [
         "libinit",
         "libbootloader_message",
@@ -149,18 +167,25 @@
     defaults: ["init_defaults"],
     srcs: [
         "devices_test.cpp",
-        "init_parser_test.cpp",
         "init_test.cpp",
+        "persistent_properties_test.cpp",
         "property_service_test.cpp",
+        "result_test.cpp",
+        "rlimit_parser_test.cpp",
         "service_test.cpp",
+        "ueventd_test.cpp",
         "util_test.cpp",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "libcutils",
-        "libselinux",
     ],
-    static_libs: ["libinit"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libinit",
+        "libselinux",
+        "libcrypto",
+        "libprotobuf-cpp-lite",
+    ],
 }
 
 subdirs = ["*"]
diff --git a/init/Android.mk b/init/Android.mk
index 6cd47f4..dd0f1bf 100644
--- a/init/Android.mk
+++ b/init/Android.mk
@@ -47,15 +47,12 @@
     init.cpp \
     init_first_stage.cpp \
     keychords.cpp \
-    property_service.cpp \
     reboot.cpp \
-    signal_handler.cpp \
+    sigchld_handler.cpp \
     ueventd.cpp \
     watchdogd.cpp \
 
 LOCAL_MODULE:= init
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += \
-    system/core/mkbootimg
 
 LOCAL_FORCE_STATIC_EXECUTABLE := true
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)
@@ -73,6 +70,7 @@
     libcutils \
     libbase \
     libc \
+    libseccomp_policy \
     libselinux \
     liblog \
     libcrypto_utils \
@@ -84,12 +82,16 @@
     libprocessgroup \
     libavb \
     libkeyutils \
+    libprotobuf-cpp-lite \
+
+LOCAL_REQUIRED_MODULES := \
+    e2fsdroid \
+    mke2fs \
 
 # Create symlinks.
 LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD := $(hide) mkdir -p $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/sbin; \
     ln -sf ../init $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/sbin/ueventd; \
     ln -sf ../init $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/sbin/watchdogd
 
-LOCAL_SANITIZE := integer
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
+LOCAL_SANITIZE := signed-integer-overflow
 include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
diff --git a/init/README.md b/init/README.md
index 72b6c6b..d7edf21 100644
--- a/init/README.md
+++ b/init/README.md
@@ -216,6 +216,12 @@
   http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/capabilities.7.html for a list of Linux
   capabilities.
 
+`setrlimit <resource> <cur> <max>`
+> This applies the given rlimit to the service. rlimits are inherited by child
+  processes, so this effectively applies the given rlimit to the process tree
+  started by this service.
+  It is parsed similarly to the setrlimit command specified below.
+
 `seclabel <seclabel>`
 > Change to 'seclabel' before exec'ing this service.
   Primarily for use by services run from the rootfs, e.g. ueventd, adbd.
@@ -260,6 +266,26 @@
 > Sets the child's /proc/self/oom\_score\_adj to the specified value,
   which must range from -1000 to 1000.
 
+`memcg.swappiness <value>`
+> Sets the child's memory.swappiness to the specified value (only if memcg is mounted),
+  which must be equal or greater than 0.
+
+`memcg.soft_limit_in_bytes <value>`
+> Sets the child's memory.soft_limit_in_bytes to the specified value (only if memcg is mounted),
+  which must be equal or greater than 0.
+
+`memcg.limit_in_bytes <value>`
+> Sets the child's memory.limit_in_bytes to the specified value (only if memcg is mounted),
+  which must be equal or greater than 0.
+
+`shutdown <shutdown_behavior>`
+> Set shutdown behavior of the service process. When this is not specified,
+  the service is killed during shutdown process by using SIGTERM and SIGKILL.
+  The service with shutdown_behavior of "critical" is not killed during shutdown
+  until shutdown times out. When shutdown times out, even services tagged with
+  "shutdown critical" will be killed. When the service tagged with "shutdown critical"
+  is not running when shut down starts, it will be started.
+
 
 Triggers
 --------
@@ -355,6 +381,11 @@
   within _argument_.
   Init halts executing commands until the forked process exits.
 
+`exec_background [ <seclabel> [ <user> [ <group>\* ] ] ] -- <command> [ <argument>\* ]`
+> Fork and execute command with the given arguments. This is handled similarly
+  to the `exec` command. The difference is that init does not halt executing
+  commands until the process exits for `exec_background`.
+
 `exec_start <service>`
 > Start a given service and halt the processing of additional init commands
   until it returns.  The command functions similarly to the `exec` command,
@@ -427,12 +458,20 @@
 `rmdir <path>`
 > Calls rmdir(2) on the given path.
 
+`readahead <file|dir> [--fully]`
+> Calls readahead(2) on the file or files within given directory.
+  Use option --fully to read the full file content.
+
 `setprop <name> <value>`
 > Set system property _name_ to _value_. Properties are expanded
   within _value_.
 
 `setrlimit <resource> <cur> <max>`
-> Set the rlimit for a resource.
+> Set the rlimit for a resource. This applies to all processes launched after
+  the limit is set. It is intended to be set early in init and applied globally.
+  _resource_ is best specified using its text representation ('cpu', 'rtio', etc
+  or 'RLIM_CPU', 'RLIM_RTIO', etc). It also may be specified as the int value
+  that the resource enum corresponds to.
 
 `start <service>`
 > Start a service running if it is not already running.
diff --git a/init/action.cpp b/init/action.cpp
index 6900391..60204a8 100644
--- a/init/action.cpp
+++ b/init/action.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "action.h"
 
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
@@ -30,14 +31,13 @@
 Command::Command(BuiltinFunction f, const std::vector<std::string>& args, int line)
     : func_(f), args_(args), line_(line) {}
 
-int Command::InvokeFunc() const {
+Result<Success> Command::InvokeFunc() const {
     std::vector<std::string> expanded_args;
     expanded_args.resize(args_.size());
     expanded_args[0] = args_[0];
     for (std::size_t i = 1; i < args_.size(); ++i) {
         if (!expand_props(args_[i], &expanded_args[i])) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << args_[0] << ": cannot expand '" << args_[i] << "'";
-            return -EINVAL;
+            return Error() << "cannot expand '" << args_[i] << "'";
         }
     }
 
@@ -53,19 +53,16 @@
 
 const KeywordMap<BuiltinFunction>* Action::function_map_ = nullptr;
 
-bool Action::AddCommand(const std::vector<std::string>& args, int line, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Action::AddCommand(const std::vector<std::string>& args, int line) {
     if (!function_map_) {
-        *err = "no function map available";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "no function map available";
     }
 
-    auto function = function_map_->FindFunction(args, err);
-    if (!function) {
-        return false;
-    }
+    auto function = function_map_->FindFunction(args);
+    if (!function) return Error() << function.error();
 
-    AddCommand(function, args, line);
-    return true;
+    AddCommand(*function, args, line);
+    return Success();
 }
 
 void Action::AddCommand(BuiltinFunction f, const std::vector<std::string>& args, int line) {
@@ -90,83 +87,86 @@
 }
 
 void Action::ExecuteCommand(const Command& command) const {
-    Timer t;
-    int result = command.InvokeFunc();
+    android::base::Timer t;
+    auto result = command.InvokeFunc();
+    auto duration = t.duration();
 
-    double duration_ms = t.duration_s() * 1000;
+    // There are many legacy paths in rootdir/init.rc that will virtually never exist on a new
+    // device, such as '/sys/class/leds/jogball-backlight/brightness'.  As of this writing, there
+    // are 198 such failures on bullhead.  Instead of spamming the log reporting them, we do not
+    // report such failures unless we're running at the DEBUG log level.
+    bool report_failure = !result.has_value();
+    if (report_failure && android::base::GetMinimumLogSeverity() > android::base::DEBUG &&
+        result.error_errno() == ENOENT) {
+        report_failure = false;
+    }
+
     // Any action longer than 50ms will be warned to user as slow operation
-    if (duration_ms > 50.0 ||
+    if (report_failure || duration > 50ms ||
         android::base::GetMinimumLogSeverity() <= android::base::DEBUG) {
         std::string trigger_name = BuildTriggersString();
         std::string cmd_str = command.BuildCommandString();
 
         LOG(INFO) << "Command '" << cmd_str << "' action=" << trigger_name << " (" << filename_
-                  << ":" << command.line() << ") returned " << result << " took " << duration_ms
-                  << "ms.";
+                  << ":" << command.line() << ") took " << duration.count() << "ms and "
+                  << (result ? "succeeded" : "failed: " + result.error_string());
     }
 }
 
-bool Action::ParsePropertyTrigger(const std::string& trigger, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Action::ParsePropertyTrigger(const std::string& trigger) {
     const static std::string prop_str("property:");
     std::string prop_name(trigger.substr(prop_str.length()));
     size_t equal_pos = prop_name.find('=');
     if (equal_pos == std::string::npos) {
-        *err = "property trigger found without matching '='";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "property trigger found without matching '='";
     }
 
     std::string prop_value(prop_name.substr(equal_pos + 1));
     prop_name.erase(equal_pos);
 
     if (auto [it, inserted] = property_triggers_.emplace(prop_name, prop_value); !inserted) {
-        *err = "multiple property triggers found for same property";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "multiple property triggers found for same property";
     }
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Action::InitTriggers(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Action::InitTriggers(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     const static std::string prop_str("property:");
     for (std::size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
         if (args[i].empty()) {
-            *err = "empty trigger is not valid";
-            return false;
+            return Error() << "empty trigger is not valid";
         }
 
         if (i % 2) {
             if (args[i] != "&&") {
-                *err = "&& is the only symbol allowed to concatenate actions";
-                return false;
+                return Error() << "&& is the only symbol allowed to concatenate actions";
             } else {
                 continue;
             }
         }
 
         if (!args[i].compare(0, prop_str.length(), prop_str)) {
-            if (!ParsePropertyTrigger(args[i], err)) {
-                return false;
+            if (auto result = ParsePropertyTrigger(args[i]); !result) {
+                return result;
             }
         } else {
             if (!event_trigger_.empty()) {
-                *err = "multiple event triggers are not allowed";
-                return false;
+                return Error() << "multiple event triggers are not allowed";
             }
 
             event_trigger_ = args[i];
         }
     }
 
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Action::InitSingleTrigger(const std::string& trigger) {
+Result<Success> Action::InitSingleTrigger(const std::string& trigger) {
     std::vector<std::string> name_vector{trigger};
-    std::string err;
-    bool ret = InitTriggers(name_vector, &err);
-    if (!ret) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "InitSingleTrigger failed due to: " << err;
+    if (auto result = InitTriggers(name_vector); !result) {
+        return Error() << "InitTriggers() failed: " << result.error();
     }
-    return ret;
+    return Success();
 }
 
 // This function checks that all property triggers are satisfied, that is
@@ -264,7 +264,8 @@
     auto action = std::make_unique<Action>(true, "<Builtin Action>", 0);
     std::vector<std::string> name_vector{name};
 
-    if (!action->InitSingleTrigger(name)) {
+    if (auto result = action->InitSingleTrigger(name); !result) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot queue BuiltinAction for " << name << ": " << result.error();
         return;
     }
 
@@ -326,25 +327,32 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool ActionParser::ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, const std::string& filename,
-                                int line, std::string* err) {
+void ActionManager::ClearQueue() {
+    // We are shutting down so don't claim the oneshot builtin actions back
+    current_executing_actions_ = {};
+    event_queue_ = {};
+    current_command_ = 0;
+}
+
+Result<Success> ActionParser::ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args,
+                                           const std::string& filename, int line) {
     std::vector<std::string> triggers(args.begin() + 1, args.end());
     if (triggers.size() < 1) {
-        *err = "actions must have a trigger";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "Actions must have a trigger";
     }
 
     auto action = std::make_unique<Action>(false, filename, line);
-    if (!action->InitTriggers(triggers, err)) {
-        return false;
+
+    if (auto result = action->InitTriggers(triggers); !result) {
+        return Error() << "InitTriggers() failed: " << result.error();
     }
 
     action_ = std::move(action);
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool ActionParser::ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line, std::string* err) {
-    return action_ ? action_->AddCommand(std::move(args), line, err) : false;
+Result<Success> ActionParser::ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line) {
+    return action_ ? action_->AddCommand(std::move(args), line) : Success();
 }
 
 void ActionParser::EndSection() {
diff --git a/init/action.h b/init/action.h
index 5cb50a7..d977f82 100644
--- a/init/action.h
+++ b/init/action.h
@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "builtins.h"
-#include "init_parser.h"
 #include "keyword_map.h"
+#include "parser.h"
+#include "result.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@
   public:
     Command(BuiltinFunction f, const std::vector<std::string>& args, int line);
 
-    int InvokeFunc() const;
+    Result<Success> InvokeFunc() const;
     std::string BuildCommandString() const;
 
     int line() const { return line_; }
@@ -53,10 +54,10 @@
   public:
     explicit Action(bool oneshot, const std::string& filename, int line);
 
-    bool AddCommand(const std::vector<std::string>& args, int line, std::string* err);
+    Result<Success> AddCommand(const std::vector<std::string>& args, int line);
     void AddCommand(BuiltinFunction f, const std::vector<std::string>& args, int line);
-    bool InitTriggers(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool InitSingleTrigger(const std::string& trigger);
+    Result<Success> InitTriggers(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> InitSingleTrigger(const std::string& trigger);
     std::size_t NumCommands() const;
     void ExecuteOneCommand(std::size_t command) const;
     void ExecuteAllCommands() const;
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@
     void ExecuteCommand(const Command& command) const;
     bool CheckPropertyTriggers(const std::string& name = "",
                                const std::string& value = "") const;
-    bool ParsePropertyTrigger(const std::string& trigger, std::string* err);
+    Result<Success> ParsePropertyTrigger(const std::string& trigger);
 
     std::map<std::string, std::string> property_triggers_;
     std::string event_trigger_;
@@ -104,6 +105,7 @@
     void ExecuteOneCommand();
     bool HasMoreCommands() const;
     void DumpState() const;
+    void ClearQueue();
 
   private:
     ActionManager(ActionManager const&) = delete;
@@ -119,9 +121,9 @@
   public:
     ActionParser(ActionManager* action_manager)
         : action_manager_(action_manager), action_(nullptr) {}
-    bool ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, const std::string& filename, int line,
-                      std::string* err) override;
-    bool ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line, std::string* err) override;
+    Result<Success> ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, const std::string& filename,
+                                 int line) override;
+    Result<Success> ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line) override;
     void EndSection() override;
 
   private:
diff --git a/init/bootchart.cpp b/init/bootchart.cpp
index 4727f92..ec84317 100644
--- a/init/bootchart.cpp
+++ b/init/bootchart.cpp
@@ -163,37 +163,37 @@
   LOG(INFO) << "Bootcharting finished";
 }
 
-static int do_bootchart_start() {
-  // We don't care about the content, but we do care that /data/bootchart/enabled actually exists.
-  std::string start;
-  if (!android::base::ReadFileToString("/data/bootchart/enabled", &start)) {
-    LOG(VERBOSE) << "Not bootcharting";
-    return 0;
-  }
+static Result<Success> do_bootchart_start() {
+    // We don't care about the content, but we do care that /data/bootchart/enabled actually exists.
+    std::string start;
+    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString("/data/bootchart/enabled", &start)) {
+        LOG(VERBOSE) << "Not bootcharting";
+        return Success();
+    }
 
-  g_bootcharting_thread = new std::thread(bootchart_thread_main);
-  return 0;
+    g_bootcharting_thread = new std::thread(bootchart_thread_main);
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_bootchart_stop() {
-  if (!g_bootcharting_thread) return 0;
+static Result<Success> do_bootchart_stop() {
+    if (!g_bootcharting_thread) return Success();
 
-  // Tell the worker thread it's time to quit.
-  {
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_bootcharting_finished_mutex);
-    g_bootcharting_finished = true;
-    g_bootcharting_finished_cv.notify_one();
-  }
+    // Tell the worker thread it's time to quit.
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_bootcharting_finished_mutex);
+        g_bootcharting_finished = true;
+        g_bootcharting_finished_cv.notify_one();
+    }
 
-  g_bootcharting_thread->join();
-  delete g_bootcharting_thread;
-  g_bootcharting_thread = nullptr;
-  return 0;
+    g_bootcharting_thread->join();
+    delete g_bootcharting_thread;
+    g_bootcharting_thread = nullptr;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-int do_bootchart(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-  if (args[1] == "start") return do_bootchart_start();
-  return do_bootchart_stop();
+Result<Success> do_bootchart(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    if (args[1] == "start") return do_bootchart_start();
+    return do_bootchart_stop();
 }
 
 }  // namespace init
diff --git a/init/bootchart.h b/init/bootchart.h
index e4f7b59..f614f71 100644
--- a/init/bootchart.h
+++ b/init/bootchart.h
@@ -20,10 +20,12 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include "result.h"
+
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-int do_bootchart(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+Result<Success> do_bootchart(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
 
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/builtins.cpp b/init/builtins.cpp
index 00ffbc3..be24573 100644
--- a/init/builtins.cpp
+++ b/init/builtins.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <fts.h>
 #include <linux/loop.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <mntent.h>
@@ -39,11 +40,14 @@
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <bootloader_message/bootloader_message.h>
 #include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4_crypt.h>
@@ -52,19 +56,22 @@
 #include <selinux/android.h>
 #include <selinux/label.h>
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
+#include <system/thread_defs.h>
 
 #include "action.h"
 #include "bootchart.h"
 #include "init.h"
-#include "init_parser.h"
+#include "parser.h"
 #include "property_service.h"
 #include "reboot.h"
+#include "rlimit_parser.h"
 #include "service.h"
-#include "signal_handler.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
 
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
 #define chmod DO_NOT_USE_CHMOD_USE_FCHMODAT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW
 
 namespace android {
@@ -72,128 +79,137 @@
 
 static constexpr std::chrono::nanoseconds kCommandRetryTimeout = 5s;
 
-static int insmod(const char *filename, const char *options, int flags) {
-    int fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC);
-    if (fd == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "insmod: open(\"" << filename << "\") failed";
-        return -1;
-    }
-    int rc = syscall(__NR_finit_module, fd, options, flags);
-    if (rc == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "finit_module for \"" << filename << "\" failed";
-    }
-    close(fd);
-    return rc;
-}
-
-static int __ifupdown(const char *interface, int up) {
-    struct ifreq ifr;
-    int s, ret;
-
-    strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, interface, IFNAMSIZ);
-
-    s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
-    if (s < 0)
-        return -1;
-
-    ret = ioctl(s, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        goto done;
-    }
-
-    if (up)
-        ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
-    else
-        ifr.ifr_flags &= ~IFF_UP;
-
-    ret = ioctl(s, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr);
-
-done:
-    close(s);
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static int reboot_into_recovery(const std::vector<std::string>& options) {
+static Result<Success> reboot_into_recovery(const std::vector<std::string>& options) {
     std::string err;
     if (!write_bootloader_message(options, &err)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "failed to set bootloader message: " << err;
-        return -1;
+        return Error() << "Failed to set bootloader message: " << err;
     }
-    DoReboot(ANDROID_RB_RESTART2, "reboot", "recovery", false);
-    return 0;
+    property_set("sys.powerctl", "reboot,recovery");
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_class_start(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-        /* Starting a class does not start services
-         * which are explicitly disabled.  They must
-         * be started individually.
-         */
-    ServiceManager::GetInstance().
-        ForEachServiceInClass(args[1], [] (Service* s) { s->StartIfNotDisabled(); });
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int do_class_stop(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    ServiceManager::GetInstance().
-        ForEachServiceInClass(args[1], [] (Service* s) { s->Stop(); });
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int do_class_reset(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    ServiceManager::GetInstance().
-        ForEachServiceInClass(args[1], [] (Service* s) { s->Reset(); });
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int do_class_restart(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    ServiceManager::GetInstance().
-        ForEachServiceInClass(args[1], [] (Service* s) { s->Restart(); });
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int do_domainname(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    std::string err;
-    if (!WriteFile("/proc/sys/kernel/domainname", args[1], &err)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << err;
-        return -1;
+template <typename F>
+static void ForEachServiceInClass(const std::string& classname, F function) {
+    for (const auto& service : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
+        if (service->classnames().count(classname)) std::invoke(function, service);
     }
-    return 0;
 }
 
-static int do_enable(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    Service* svc = ServiceManager::GetInstance().FindServiceByName(args[1]);
-    if (!svc) {
-        return -1;
+static Result<Success> do_class_start(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    // Starting a class does not start services which are explicitly disabled.
+    // They must  be started individually.
+    ForEachServiceInClass(args[1], &Service::StartIfNotDisabled);
+    return Success();
+}
+
+static Result<Success> do_class_stop(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    ForEachServiceInClass(args[1], &Service::Stop);
+    return Success();
+}
+
+static Result<Success> do_class_reset(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    ForEachServiceInClass(args[1], &Service::Reset);
+    return Success();
+}
+
+static Result<Success> do_class_restart(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    ForEachServiceInClass(args[1], &Service::Restart);
+    return Success();
+}
+
+static Result<Success> do_domainname(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    if (auto result = WriteFile("/proc/sys/kernel/domainname", args[1]); !result) {
+        return Error() << "Unable to write to /proc/sys/kernel/domainname: " << result.error();
     }
-    return svc->Enable();
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_exec(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    return ServiceManager::GetInstance().Exec(args) ? 0 : -1;
-}
+static Result<Success> do_enable(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    Service* svc = ServiceList::GetInstance().FindService(args[1]);
+    if (!svc) return Error() << "Could not find service";
 
-static int do_exec_start(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    return ServiceManager::GetInstance().ExecStart(args[1]) ? 0 : -1;
-}
-
-static int do_export(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    return add_environment(args[1].c_str(), args[2].c_str());
-}
-
-static int do_hostname(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    std::string err;
-    if (!WriteFile("/proc/sys/kernel/hostname", args[1], &err)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << err;
-        return -1;
+    if (auto result = svc->Enable(); !result) {
+        return Error() << "Could not enable service: " << result.error();
     }
-    return 0;
+
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_ifup(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    return __ifupdown(args[1].c_str(), 1);
+static Result<Success> do_exec(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    auto service = Service::MakeTemporaryOneshotService(args);
+    if (!service) {
+        return Error() << "Could not create exec service";
+    }
+    if (auto result = service->ExecStart(); !result) {
+        return Error() << "Could not start exec service: " << result.error();
+    }
+
+    ServiceList::GetInstance().AddService(std::move(service));
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_insmod(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+static Result<Success> do_exec_background(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    auto service = Service::MakeTemporaryOneshotService(args);
+    if (!service) {
+        return Error() << "Could not create exec background service";
+    }
+    if (auto result = service->Start(); !result) {
+        return Error() << "Could not start exec background service: " << result.error();
+    }
+
+    ServiceList::GetInstance().AddService(std::move(service));
+    return Success();
+}
+
+static Result<Success> do_exec_start(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    Service* service = ServiceList::GetInstance().FindService(args[1]);
+    if (!service) {
+        return Error() << "Service not found";
+    }
+
+    if (auto result = service->ExecStart(); !result) {
+        return Error() << "Could not start exec service: " << result.error();
+    }
+
+    return Success();
+}
+
+static Result<Success> do_export(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    if (setenv(args[1].c_str(), args[2].c_str(), 1) == -1) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "setenv() failed";
+    }
+    return Success();
+}
+
+static Result<Success> do_hostname(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    if (auto result = WriteFile("/proc/sys/kernel/hostname", args[1]); !result) {
+        return Error() << "Unable to write to /proc/sys/kernel/hostname: " << result.error();
+    }
+    return Success();
+}
+
+static Result<Success> do_ifup(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    struct ifreq ifr;
+
+    strlcpy(ifr.ifr_name, args[1].c_str(), IFNAMSIZ);
+
+    unique_fd s(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)));
+    if (s < 0) return ErrnoError() << "opening socket failed";
+
+    if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifr) < 0) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "ioctl(..., SIOCGIFFLAGS, ...) failed";
+    }
+
+    ifr.ifr_flags |= IFF_UP;
+
+    if (ioctl(s, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &ifr) < 0) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "ioctl(..., SIOCSIFFLAGS, ...) failed";
+    }
+
+    return Success();
+}
+
+static Result<Success> do_insmod(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     int flags = 0;
     auto it = args.begin() + 1;
 
@@ -204,53 +220,56 @@
 
     std::string filename = *it++;
     std::string options = android::base::Join(std::vector<std::string>(it, args.end()), ' ');
-    return insmod(filename.c_str(), options.c_str(), flags);
+
+    unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(filename.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    if (fd == -1) return ErrnoError() << "open(\"" << filename << "\") failed";
+
+    int rc = syscall(__NR_finit_module, fd.get(), options.c_str(), flags);
+    if (rc == -1) return ErrnoError() << "finit_module for \"" << filename << "\" failed";
+
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_mkdir(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+// mkdir <path> [mode] [owner] [group]
+static Result<Success> do_mkdir(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     mode_t mode = 0755;
-    int ret;
-
-    /* mkdir <path> [mode] [owner] [group] */
-
     if (args.size() >= 3) {
         mode = std::strtoul(args[2].c_str(), 0, 8);
     }
 
-    ret = make_dir(args[1].c_str(), mode, sehandle);
-    /* chmod in case the directory already exists */
-    if (ret == -1 && errno == EEXIST) {
-        ret = fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, args[1].c_str(), mode, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
-    }
-    if (ret == -1) {
-        return -errno;
+    if (!make_dir(args[1], mode)) {
+        /* chmod in case the directory already exists */
+        if (errno == EEXIST) {
+            if (fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, args[1].c_str(), mode, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) == -1) {
+                return ErrnoError() << "fchmodat() failed";
+            }
+        } else {
+            return ErrnoError() << "mkdir() failed";
+        }
     }
 
     if (args.size() >= 4) {
-        uid_t uid;
-        std::string decode_uid_err;
-        if (!DecodeUid(args[3], &uid, &decode_uid_err)) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to find UID for '" << args[3] << "': " << decode_uid_err;
-            return -1;
+        auto uid = DecodeUid(args[3]);
+        if (!uid) {
+            return Error() << "Unable to decode UID for '" << args[3] << "': " << uid.error();
         }
-        gid_t gid = -1;
+        Result<gid_t> gid = -1;
 
         if (args.size() == 5) {
-            if (!DecodeUid(args[4], &gid, &decode_uid_err)) {
-                LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to find GID for '" << args[3] << "': " << decode_uid_err;
-                return -1;
+            gid = DecodeUid(args[4]);
+            if (!gid) {
+                return Error() << "Unable to decode GID for '" << args[3] << "': " << gid.error();
             }
         }
 
-        if (lchown(args[1].c_str(), uid, gid) == -1) {
-            return -errno;
+        if (lchown(args[1].c_str(), *uid, *gid) == -1) {
+            return ErrnoError() << "lchown failed";
         }
 
         /* chown may have cleared S_ISUID and S_ISGID, chmod again */
         if (mode & (S_ISUID | S_ISGID)) {
-            ret = fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, args[1].c_str(), mode, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
-            if (ret == -1) {
-                return -errno;
+            if (fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, args[1].c_str(), mode, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) == -1) {
+                return ErrnoError() << "fchmodat failed";
             }
         }
     }
@@ -261,15 +280,18 @@
                 "--prompt_and_wipe_data",
                 "--reason=set_policy_failed:"s + args[1]};
             reboot_into_recovery(options);
-            return -1;
+            return Success();
         }
     }
-    return 0;
+    return Success();
 }
 
 /* umount <path> */
-static int do_umount(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-  return umount(args[1].c_str());
+static Result<Success> do_umount(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    if (umount(args[1].c_str()) < 0) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "umount() failed";
+    }
+    return Success();
 }
 
 static struct {
@@ -297,16 +319,13 @@
 #define DATA_MNT_POINT "/data"
 
 /* mount <type> <device> <path> <flags ...> <options> */
-static int do_mount(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    char tmp[64];
-    const char *source, *target, *system;
-    const char *options = NULL;
+static Result<Success> do_mount(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    const char* options = nullptr;
     unsigned flags = 0;
-    std::size_t na = 0;
-    int n, i;
-    int wait = 0;
+    bool wait = false;
 
-    for (na = 4; na < args.size(); na++) {
+    for (size_t na = 4; na < args.size(); na++) {
+        size_t i;
         for (i = 0; mount_flags[i].name; i++) {
             if (!args[na].compare(mount_flags[i].name)) {
                 flags |= mount_flags[i].flag;
@@ -315,71 +334,54 @@
         }
 
         if (!mount_flags[i].name) {
-            if (!args[na].compare("wait"))
-                wait = 1;
-            /* if our last argument isn't a flag, wolf it up as an option string */
-            else if (na + 1 == args.size())
+            if (!args[na].compare("wait")) {
+                wait = true;
+                // If our last argument isn't a flag, wolf it up as an option string.
+            } else if (na + 1 == args.size()) {
                 options = args[na].c_str();
+            }
         }
     }
 
-    system = args[1].c_str();
-    source = args[2].c_str();
-    target = args[3].c_str();
+    const char* system = args[1].c_str();
+    const char* source = args[2].c_str();
+    const char* target = args[3].c_str();
 
-    if (!strncmp(source, "loop@", 5)) {
-        int mode, loop, fd;
-        struct loop_info info;
+    if (android::base::StartsWith(source, "loop@")) {
+        int mode = (flags & MS_RDONLY) ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR;
+        unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(source + 5, mode | O_CLOEXEC)));
+        if (fd < 0) return ErrnoError() << "open(" << source + 5 << ", " << mode << ") failed";
 
-        mode = (flags & MS_RDONLY) ? O_RDONLY : O_RDWR;
-        fd = open(source + 5, mode | O_CLOEXEC);
-        if (fd < 0) {
-            return -1;
-        }
+        for (size_t n = 0;; n++) {
+            std::string tmp = android::base::StringPrintf("/dev/block/loop%zu", n);
+            unique_fd loop(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(tmp.c_str(), mode | O_CLOEXEC)));
+            if (loop < 0) return ErrnoError() << "open(" << tmp << ", " << mode << ") failed";
 
-        for (n = 0; ; n++) {
-            snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), "/dev/block/loop%d", n);
-            loop = open(tmp, mode | O_CLOEXEC);
-            if (loop < 0) {
-                close(fd);
-                return -1;
-            }
-
+            loop_info info;
             /* if it is a blank loop device */
             if (ioctl(loop, LOOP_GET_STATUS, &info) < 0 && errno == ENXIO) {
                 /* if it becomes our loop device */
-                if (ioctl(loop, LOOP_SET_FD, fd) >= 0) {
-                    close(fd);
-
-                    if (mount(tmp, target, system, flags, options) < 0) {
+                if (ioctl(loop, LOOP_SET_FD, fd.get()) >= 0) {
+                    if (mount(tmp.c_str(), target, system, flags, options) < 0) {
                         ioctl(loop, LOOP_CLR_FD, 0);
-                        close(loop);
-                        return -1;
+                        return ErrnoError() << "mount() failed";
                     }
-
-                    close(loop);
-                    goto exit_success;
+                    return Success();
                 }
             }
-
-            close(loop);
         }
 
-        close(fd);
-        LOG(ERROR) << "out of loopback devices";
-        return -1;
+        return Error() << "out of loopback devices";
     } else {
         if (wait)
             wait_for_file(source, kCommandRetryTimeout);
         if (mount(source, target, system, flags, options) < 0) {
-            return -1;
+            return ErrnoError() << "mount() failed";
         }
 
     }
 
-exit_success:
-    return 0;
-
+    return Success();
 }
 
 /* Imports .rc files from the specified paths. Default ones are applied if none is given.
@@ -387,21 +389,15 @@
  * start_index: index of the first path in the args list
  */
 static void import_late(const std::vector<std::string>& args, size_t start_index, size_t end_index) {
-    Parser& parser = Parser::GetInstance();
+    auto& action_manager = ActionManager::GetInstance();
+    auto& service_list = ServiceList::GetInstance();
+    Parser parser = CreateParser(action_manager, service_list);
     if (end_index <= start_index) {
         // Fallbacks for partitions on which early mount isn't enabled.
-        if (!parser.is_system_etc_init_loaded()) {
-            parser.ParseConfig("/system/etc/init");
-            parser.set_is_system_etc_init_loaded(true);
+        for (const auto& path : late_import_paths) {
+            parser.ParseConfig(path);
         }
-        if (!parser.is_vendor_etc_init_loaded()) {
-            parser.ParseConfig("/vendor/etc/init");
-            parser.set_is_vendor_etc_init_loaded(true);
-        }
-        if (!parser.is_odm_etc_init_loaded()) {
-            parser.ParseConfig("/odm/etc/init");
-            parser.set_is_odm_etc_init_loaded(true);
-        }
+        late_import_paths.clear();
     } else {
         for (size_t i = start_index; i < end_index; ++i) {
             parser.ParseConfig(args[i]);
@@ -417,9 +413,7 @@
  *
  *  Call fs_mgr_mount_all() to mount the given fstab
  */
-static int mount_fstab(const char* fstabfile, int mount_mode) {
-    int ret = -1;
-
+static Result<int> mount_fstab(const char* fstabfile, int mount_mode) {
     /*
      * Call fs_mgr_mount_all() to mount all filesystems.  We fork(2) and
      * do the call in the child to provide protection to the main init
@@ -437,9 +431,9 @@
         }
 
         if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
-            ret = WEXITSTATUS(status);
+            return WEXITSTATUS(status);
         } else {
-            ret = -1;
+            return Error() << "child aborted";
         }
     } else if (pid == 0) {
         /* child, call fs_mgr_mount_all() */
@@ -456,10 +450,8 @@
         }
         _exit(child_ret);
     } else {
-        /* fork failed, return an error */
-        return -1;
+        return Error() << "fork() failed";
     }
-    return ret;
 }
 
 /* Queue event based on fs_mgr return code.
@@ -471,29 +463,33 @@
  *
  * return code is processed based on input code
  */
-static int queue_fs_event(int code) {
-    int ret = code;
+static Result<Success> queue_fs_event(int code) {
     if (code == FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NEEDS_ENCRYPTION) {
         ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueEventTrigger("encrypt");
+        return Success();
     } else if (code == FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_MIGHT_BE_ENCRYPTED) {
         property_set("ro.crypto.state", "encrypted");
         property_set("ro.crypto.type", "block");
         ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueEventTrigger("defaultcrypto");
+        return Success();
     } else if (code == FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NOT_ENCRYPTED) {
         property_set("ro.crypto.state", "unencrypted");
         ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueEventTrigger("nonencrypted");
+        return Success();
     } else if (code == FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NOT_ENCRYPTABLE) {
         property_set("ro.crypto.state", "unsupported");
         ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueEventTrigger("nonencrypted");
+        return Success();
     } else if (code == FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NEEDS_RECOVERY) {
         /* Setup a wipe via recovery, and reboot into recovery */
         PLOG(ERROR) << "fs_mgr_mount_all suggested recovery, so wiping data via recovery.";
         const std::vector<std::string> options = {"--wipe_data", "--reason=fs_mgr_mount_all" };
-        ret = reboot_into_recovery(options);
+        reboot_into_recovery(options);
+        return Success();
         /* If reboot worked, there is no return. */
     } else if (code == FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_FILE_ENCRYPTED) {
         if (e4crypt_install_keyring()) {
-            return -1;
+            return Error() << "e4crypt_install_keyring() failed";
         }
         property_set("ro.crypto.state", "encrypted");
         property_set("ro.crypto.type", "file");
@@ -501,12 +497,13 @@
         // Although encrypted, we have device key, so we do not need to
         // do anything different from the nonencrypted case.
         ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueEventTrigger("nonencrypted");
+        return Success();
     } else if (code > 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "fs_mgr_mount_all returned unexpected error " << code;
+        Error() << "fs_mgr_mount_all() returned unexpected error " << code;
     }
     /* else ... < 0: error */
 
-    return ret;
+    return Error() << "Invalid code: " << code;
 }
 
 /* mount_all <fstab> [ <path> ]* [--<options>]*
@@ -514,7 +511,7 @@
  * This function might request a reboot, in which case it will
  * not return.
  */
-static int do_mount_all(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+static Result<Success> do_mount_all(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     std::size_t na = 0;
     bool import_rc = true;
     bool queue_event = true;
@@ -538,9 +535,12 @@
     }
 
     std::string prop_name = "ro.boottime.init.mount_all."s + prop_post_fix;
-    Timer t;
-    int ret =  mount_fstab(fstabfile, mount_mode);
-    property_set(prop_name, std::to_string(t.duration_ms()));
+    android::base::Timer t;
+    auto mount_fstab_return_code = mount_fstab(fstabfile, mount_mode);
+    if (!mount_fstab_return_code) {
+        return Error() << "mount_fstab() failed " << mount_fstab_return_code.error();
+    }
+    property_set(prop_name, std::to_string(t.duration().count()));
 
     if (import_rc) {
         /* Paths of .rc files are specified at the 2nd argument and beyond */
@@ -550,13 +550,16 @@
     if (queue_event) {
         /* queue_fs_event will queue event based on mount_fstab return code
          * and return processed return code*/
-        ret = queue_fs_event(ret);
+        auto queue_fs_result = queue_fs_event(*mount_fstab_return_code);
+        if (!queue_fs_result) {
+            return Error() << "queue_fs_event() failed: " << queue_fs_result.error();
+        }
     }
 
-    return ret;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_swapon_all(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+static Result<Success> do_swapon_all(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     struct fstab *fstab;
     int ret;
 
@@ -564,89 +567,100 @@
     ret = fs_mgr_swapon_all(fstab);
     fs_mgr_free_fstab(fstab);
 
-    return ret;
+    if (ret != 0) return Error() << "fs_mgr_swapon_all() failed";
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_setprop(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+static Result<Success> do_setprop(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     property_set(args[1], args[2]);
-    return 0;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_setrlimit(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    struct rlimit limit;
-    int resource;
-    if (android::base::ParseInt(args[1], &resource) &&
-        android::base::ParseUint(args[2], &limit.rlim_cur) &&
-        android::base::ParseUint(args[3], &limit.rlim_max)) {
-        return setrlimit(resource, &limit);
+static Result<Success> do_setrlimit(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    auto rlimit = ParseRlimit(args);
+    if (!rlimit) return rlimit.error();
+
+    if (setrlimit(rlimit->first, &rlimit->second) == -1) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "setrlimit failed";
     }
-    LOG(WARNING) << "ignoring setrlimit " << args[1] << " " << args[2] << " " << args[3];
-    return -1;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_start(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    Service* svc = ServiceManager::GetInstance().FindServiceByName(args[1]);
-    if (!svc) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "do_start: Service " << args[1] << " not found";
-        return -1;
+static Result<Success> do_start(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    Service* svc = ServiceList::GetInstance().FindService(args[1]);
+    if (!svc) return Error() << "service " << args[1] << " not found";
+    if (auto result = svc->Start(); !result) {
+        return Error() << "Could not start service: " << result.error();
     }
-    if (!svc->Start())
-        return -1;
-    return 0;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_stop(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    Service* svc = ServiceManager::GetInstance().FindServiceByName(args[1]);
-    if (!svc) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "do_stop: Service " << args[1] << " not found";
-        return -1;
-    }
+static Result<Success> do_stop(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    Service* svc = ServiceList::GetInstance().FindService(args[1]);
+    if (!svc) return Error() << "service " << args[1] << " not found";
     svc->Stop();
-    return 0;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_restart(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    Service* svc = ServiceManager::GetInstance().FindServiceByName(args[1]);
-    if (!svc) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "do_restart: Service " << args[1] << " not found";
-        return -1;
-    }
+static Result<Success> do_restart(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    Service* svc = ServiceList::GetInstance().FindService(args[1]);
+    if (!svc) return Error() << "service " << args[1] << " not found";
     svc->Restart();
-    return 0;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_trigger(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+static Result<Success> do_trigger(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueEventTrigger(args[1]);
-    return 0;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_symlink(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    return symlink(args[1].c_str(), args[2].c_str());
-}
-
-static int do_rm(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    return unlink(args[1].c_str());
-}
-
-static int do_rmdir(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    return rmdir(args[1].c_str());
-}
-
-static int do_sysclktz(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    struct timezone tz = {};
-    if (android::base::ParseInt(args[1], &tz.tz_minuteswest) && settimeofday(NULL, &tz) != -1) {
-        return 0;
+static Result<Success> do_symlink(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    if (symlink(args[1].c_str(), args[2].c_str()) < 0) {
+        // The symlink builtin is often used to create symlinks for older devices to be backwards
+        // compatible with new paths, therefore we skip reporting this error.
+        if (errno == EEXIST && android::base::GetMinimumLogSeverity() > android::base::DEBUG) {
+            return Success();
+        }
+        return ErrnoError() << "symlink() failed";
     }
-    return -1;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_verity_load_state(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+static Result<Success> do_rm(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    if (unlink(args[1].c_str()) < 0) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "unlink() failed";
+    }
+    return Success();
+}
+
+static Result<Success> do_rmdir(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    if (rmdir(args[1].c_str()) < 0) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "rmdir() failed";
+    }
+    return Success();
+}
+
+static Result<Success> do_sysclktz(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    struct timezone tz = {};
+    if (!android::base::ParseInt(args[1], &tz.tz_minuteswest)) {
+        return Error() << "Unable to parse mins_west_of_gmt";
+    }
+
+    if (settimeofday(nullptr, &tz) == -1) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "settimeofday() failed";
+    }
+    return Success();
+}
+
+static Result<Success> do_verity_load_state(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     int mode = -1;
     bool loaded = fs_mgr_load_verity_state(&mode);
     if (loaded && mode != VERITY_MODE_DEFAULT) {
         ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueEventTrigger("verity-logging");
     }
-    return loaded ? 0 : 1;
+    if (!loaded) return Error() << "Could not load verity state";
+
+    return Success();
 }
 
 static void verity_update_property(fstab_rec *fstab, const char *mount_point,
@@ -654,55 +668,137 @@
     property_set("partition."s + mount_point + ".verified", std::to_string(mode));
 }
 
-static int do_verity_update_state(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    return fs_mgr_update_verity_state(verity_update_property) ? 0 : 1;
+static Result<Success> do_verity_update_state(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    if (!fs_mgr_update_verity_state(verity_update_property)) {
+        return Error() << "fs_mgr_update_verity_state() failed";
+    }
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_write(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    std::string err;
-    if (!WriteFile(args[1], args[2], &err)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << err;
-        return -1;
+static Result<Success> do_write(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    if (auto result = WriteFile(args[1], args[2]); !result) {
+        return Error() << "Unable to write to file '" << args[1] << "': " << result.error();
     }
-    return 0;
+
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_copy(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    std::string data;
-    std::string err;
-    if (!ReadFile(args[1], &data, &err)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << err;
-        return -1;
+static Result<Success> readahead_file(const std::string& filename, bool fully) {
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(filename.c_str(), O_RDONLY)));
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Error opening file";
     }
-    if (!WriteFile(args[2], data, &err)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << err;
-        return -1;
+    if (posix_fadvise(fd, 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_WILLNEED)) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Error posix_fadvise file";
     }
-    return 0;
+    if (readahead(fd, 0, std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max())) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Error readahead file";
+    }
+    if (fully) {
+        char buf[BUFSIZ];
+        ssize_t n;
+        while ((n = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, &buf[0], sizeof(buf)))) > 0) {
+        }
+        if (n != 0) {
+            return ErrnoError() << "Error reading file";
+        }
+    }
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_chown(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    uid_t uid;
-    std::string decode_uid_err;
-    if (!DecodeUid(args[1], &uid, &decode_uid_err)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to find UID for '" << args[1] << "': " << decode_uid_err;
-        return -1;
+static Result<Success> do_readahead(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    struct stat sb;
+
+    if (stat(args[1].c_str(), &sb)) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Error opening " << args[1];
+    }
+
+    bool readfully = false;
+    if (args.size() == 3 && args[2] == "--fully") {
+        readfully = true;
+    }
+    // We will do readahead in a forked process in order not to block init
+    // since it may block while it reads the
+    // filesystem metadata needed to locate the requested blocks.  This
+    // occurs frequently with ext[234] on large files using indirect blocks
+    // instead of extents, giving the appearance that the call blocks until
+    // the requested data has been read.
+    pid_t pid = fork();
+    if (pid == 0) {
+        if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, 0, static_cast<int>(ANDROID_PRIORITY_LOWEST)) != 0) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "setpriority failed";
+        }
+        if (android_set_ioprio(0, IoSchedClass_IDLE, 7)) {
+            PLOG(WARNING) << "ioprio_get failed";
+        }
+        android::base::Timer t;
+        if (S_ISREG(sb.st_mode)) {
+            if (auto result = readahead_file(args[1], readfully); !result) {
+                LOG(WARNING) << "Unable to readahead '" << args[1] << "': " << result.error();
+                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+            }
+        } else if (S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
+            char* paths[] = {const_cast<char*>(args[1].data()), nullptr};
+            std::unique_ptr<FTS, decltype(&fts_close)> fts(
+                fts_open(paths, FTS_PHYSICAL | FTS_NOCHDIR | FTS_XDEV, nullptr), fts_close);
+            if (!fts) {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "Error opening directory: " << args[1];
+                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+            }
+            // Traverse the entire hierarchy and do readahead
+            for (FTSENT* ftsent = fts_read(fts.get()); ftsent != nullptr;
+                 ftsent = fts_read(fts.get())) {
+                if (ftsent->fts_info & FTS_F) {
+                    const std::string filename = ftsent->fts_accpath;
+                    if (auto result = readahead_file(filename, readfully); !result) {
+                        LOG(WARNING)
+                            << "Unable to readahead '" << filename << "': " << result.error();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        LOG(INFO) << "Readahead " << args[1] << " took " << t << " asynchronously";
+        _exit(0);
+    } else if (pid < 0) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Fork failed";
+    }
+    return Success();
+}
+
+static Result<Success> do_copy(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    auto file_contents = ReadFile(args[1]);
+    if (!file_contents) {
+        return Error() << "Could not read input file '" << args[1] << "': " << file_contents.error();
+    }
+    if (auto result = WriteFile(args[2], *file_contents); !result) {
+        return Error() << "Could not write to output file '" << args[2] << "': " << result.error();
+    }
+
+    return Success();
+}
+
+static Result<Success> do_chown(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    auto uid = DecodeUid(args[1]);
+    if (!uid) {
+        return Error() << "Unable to decode UID for '" << args[1] << "': " << uid.error();
     }
 
     // GID is optional and pushes the index of path out by one if specified.
     const std::string& path = (args.size() == 4) ? args[3] : args[2];
-    gid_t gid = -1;
+    Result<gid_t> gid = -1;
 
     if (args.size() == 4) {
-        if (!DecodeUid(args[2], &gid, &decode_uid_err)) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to find GID for '" << args[2] << "': " << decode_uid_err;
-            return -1;
+        gid = DecodeUid(args[2]);
+        if (!gid) {
+            return Error() << "Unable to decode GID for '" << args[2] << "': " << gid.error();
         }
     }
 
-    if (lchown(path.c_str(), uid, gid) == -1) return -errno;
+    if (lchown(path.c_str(), *uid, *gid) == -1) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "lchown() failed";
+    }
 
-    return 0;
+    return Success();
 }
 
 static mode_t get_mode(const char *s) {
@@ -718,15 +814,15 @@
     return mode;
 }
 
-static int do_chmod(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+static Result<Success> do_chmod(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     mode_t mode = get_mode(args[1].c_str());
     if (fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, args[2].c_str(), mode, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) < 0) {
-        return -errno;
+        return ErrnoError() << "fchmodat() failed";
     }
-    return 0;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_restorecon(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+static Result<Success> do_restorecon(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     int ret = 0;
 
     struct flag_type {const char* name; int value;};
@@ -743,8 +839,7 @@
     for (size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); ++i) {
         if (android::base::StartsWith(args[i], "--")) {
             if (!in_flags) {
-                LOG(ERROR) << "restorecon - flags must precede paths";
-                return -1;
+                return Error() << "flags must precede paths";
             }
             bool found = false;
             for (size_t j = 0; flags[j].name; ++j) {
@@ -755,26 +850,27 @@
                 }
             }
             if (!found) {
-                LOG(ERROR) << "restorecon - bad flag " << args[i];
-                return -1;
+                return Error() << "bad flag " << args[i];
             }
         } else {
             in_flags = false;
             if (selinux_android_restorecon(args[i].c_str(), flag) < 0) {
-                ret = -errno;
+                ret = errno;
             }
         }
     }
-    return ret;
+
+    if (ret) return ErrnoError() << "selinux_android_restorecon() failed";
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_restorecon_recursive(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+static Result<Success> do_restorecon_recursive(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     std::vector<std::string> non_const_args(args);
     non_const_args.insert(std::next(non_const_args.begin()), "--recursive");
     return do_restorecon(non_const_args);
 }
 
-static int do_loglevel(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+static Result<Success> do_loglevel(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     // TODO: support names instead/as well?
     int log_level = -1;
     android::base::ParseInt(args[1], &log_level);
@@ -789,88 +885,73 @@
         case 1:
         case 0: severity = android::base::FATAL; break;
         default:
-            LOG(ERROR) << "loglevel: invalid log level " << log_level;
-            return -EINVAL;
+            return Error() << "invalid log level " << log_level;
     }
     android::base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(severity);
-    return 0;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_load_persist_props(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+static Result<Success> do_load_persist_props(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     load_persist_props();
-    return 0;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_load_system_props(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+static Result<Success> do_load_system_props(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     load_system_props();
-    return 0;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_wait(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    if (args.size() == 2) {
-        return wait_for_file(args[1].c_str(), kCommandRetryTimeout);
-    } else if (args.size() == 3) {
-        int timeout;
-        if (android::base::ParseInt(args[2], &timeout)) {
-            return wait_for_file(args[1].c_str(), std::chrono::seconds(timeout));
+static Result<Success> do_wait(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    auto timeout = kCommandRetryTimeout;
+    if (args.size() == 3) {
+        int timeout_int;
+        if (!android::base::ParseInt(args[2], &timeout_int)) {
+            return Error() << "failed to parse timeout";
         }
+        timeout = std::chrono::seconds(timeout_int);
     }
-    return -1;
+
+    if (wait_for_file(args[1].c_str(), timeout) != 0) {
+        return Error() << "wait_for_file() failed";
+    }
+
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int do_wait_for_prop(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+static Result<Success> do_wait_for_prop(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     const char* name = args[1].c_str();
     const char* value = args[2].c_str();
     size_t value_len = strlen(value);
 
     if (!is_legal_property_name(name)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "do_wait_for_prop(\"" << name << "\", \"" << value
-                   << "\") failed: bad name";
-        return -1;
+        return Error() << "is_legal_property_name(" << name << ") failed";
     }
     if (value_len >= PROP_VALUE_MAX) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "do_wait_for_prop(\"" << name << "\", \"" << value
-                   << "\") failed: value too long";
-        return -1;
+        return Error() << "value too long";
     }
     if (!start_waiting_for_property(name, value)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "do_wait_for_prop(\"" << name << "\", \"" << value
-                   << "\") failed: init already in waiting";
-        return -1;
+        return Error() << "already waiting for a property";
     }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Callback to make a directory from the ext4 code
- */
-static int do_installkeys_ensure_dir_exists(const char* dir) {
-    if (make_dir(dir, 0700, sehandle) && errno != EEXIST) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
+    return Success();
 }
 
 static bool is_file_crypto() {
     return android::base::GetProperty("ro.crypto.type", "") == "file";
 }
 
-static int do_installkey(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    if (!is_file_crypto()) {
-        return 0;
-    }
+static Result<Success> do_installkey(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    if (!is_file_crypto()) return Success();
+
     auto unencrypted_dir = args[1] + e4crypt_unencrypted_folder;
-    if (do_installkeys_ensure_dir_exists(unencrypted_dir.c_str())) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create " << unencrypted_dir;
-        return -1;
+    if (!make_dir(unencrypted_dir, 0700) && errno != EEXIST) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Failed to create " << unencrypted_dir;
     }
     std::vector<std::string> exec_args = {"exec", "/system/bin/vdc", "--wait", "cryptfs",
                                           "enablefilecrypto"};
     return do_exec(exec_args);
 }
 
-static int do_init_user0(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+static Result<Success> do_init_user0(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     std::vector<std::string> exec_args = {"exec", "/system/bin/vdc", "--wait", "cryptfs",
                                           "init_user0"};
     return do_exec(exec_args);
@@ -891,6 +972,7 @@
         {"domainname",              {1,     1,    do_domainname}},
         {"enable",                  {1,     1,    do_enable}},
         {"exec",                    {1,     kMax, do_exec}},
+        {"exec_background",         {1,     kMax, do_exec_background}},
         {"exec_start",              {1,     1,    do_exec_start}},
         {"export",                  {2,     2,    do_export}},
         {"hostname",                {1,     1,    do_hostname}},
@@ -905,6 +987,7 @@
         {"mount_all",               {1,     kMax, do_mount_all}},
         {"mount",                   {3,     kMax, do_mount}},
         {"umount",                  {1,     1,    do_umount}},
+        {"readahead",               {1,     2,    do_readahead}},
         {"restart",                 {1,     1,    do_restart}},
         {"restorecon",              {1,     kMax, do_restorecon}},
         {"restorecon_recursive",    {1,     kMax, do_restorecon_recursive}},
diff --git a/init/builtins.h b/init/builtins.h
index b110f61..f66ae19 100644
--- a/init/builtins.h
+++ b/init/builtins.h
@@ -23,11 +23,12 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "keyword_map.h"
+#include "result.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-using BuiltinFunction = std::function<int(const std::vector<std::string>&)>;
+using BuiltinFunction = std::function<Result<Success>(const std::vector<std::string>&)>;
 class BuiltinFunctionMap : public KeywordMap<BuiltinFunction> {
   public:
     BuiltinFunctionMap() {}
diff --git a/init/capabilities.cpp b/init/capabilities.cpp
index 53832a4..642a364 100644
--- a/init/capabilities.cpp
+++ b/init/capabilities.cpp
@@ -107,17 +107,15 @@
 }
 
 static bool SetProcCaps(const CapSet& to_keep, bool add_setpcap) {
-    cap_t caps = cap_init();
-    auto deleter = [](cap_t* p) { cap_free(*p); };
-    std::unique_ptr<cap_t, decltype(deleter)> ptr_caps(&caps, deleter);
+    ScopedCaps caps(cap_init());
 
-    cap_clear(caps);
+    cap_clear(caps.get());
     cap_value_t value[1];
     for (size_t cap = 0; cap < to_keep.size(); ++cap) {
         if (to_keep.test(cap)) {
             value[0] = cap;
-            if (cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_INHERITABLE, arraysize(value), value, CAP_SET) != 0 ||
-                cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_PERMITTED, arraysize(value), value, CAP_SET) != 0) {
+            if (cap_set_flag(caps.get(), CAP_INHERITABLE, arraysize(value), value, CAP_SET) != 0 ||
+                cap_set_flag(caps.get(), CAP_PERMITTED, arraysize(value), value, CAP_SET) != 0) {
                 PLOG(ERROR) << "cap_set_flag(INHERITABLE|PERMITTED, " << cap << ") failed";
                 return false;
             }
@@ -126,14 +124,14 @@
 
     if (add_setpcap) {
         value[0] = CAP_SETPCAP;
-        if (cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_PERMITTED, arraysize(value), value, CAP_SET) != 0 ||
-            cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_EFFECTIVE, arraysize(value), value, CAP_SET) != 0) {
+        if (cap_set_flag(caps.get(), CAP_PERMITTED, arraysize(value), value, CAP_SET) != 0 ||
+            cap_set_flag(caps.get(), CAP_EFFECTIVE, arraysize(value), value, CAP_SET) != 0) {
             PLOG(ERROR) << "cap_set_flag(PERMITTED|EFFECTIVE, " << CAP_SETPCAP << ") failed";
             return false;
         }
     }
 
-    if (cap_set_proc(caps) != 0) {
+    if (cap_set_proc(caps.get()) != 0) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "cap_set_proc(" << to_keep.to_ulong() << ") failed";
         return false;
     }
diff --git a/init/capabilities.h b/init/capabilities.h
index ef507a6..ede85c3 100644
--- a/init/capabilities.h
+++ b/init/capabilities.h
@@ -15,15 +15,21 @@
 #ifndef _INIT_CAPABILITIES_H
 #define _INIT_CAPABILITIES_H
 
-#include <linux/capability.h>
+#include <sys/capability.h>
 
 #include <bitset>
 #include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
+struct CapDeleter {
+    void operator()(cap_t caps) const { cap_free(caps); }
+};
+
 using CapSet = std::bitset<CAP_LAST_CAP + 1>;
+using ScopedCaps = std::unique_ptr<std::remove_pointer<cap_t>::type, CapDeleter>;
 
 int LookupCap(const std::string& cap_name);
 bool CapAmbientSupported();
diff --git a/init/descriptors.cpp b/init/descriptors.cpp
index 0cb639a..6265687 100644
--- a/init/descriptors.cpp
+++ b/init/descriptors.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 #include <cutils/android_get_control_file.h>
 #include <cutils/sockets.h>
 
-#include "init.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@
                 [] (char& c) { c = isalnum(c) ? c : '_'; });
 
   std::string val = std::to_string(fd);
-  add_environment(publishedName.c_str(), val.c_str());
+  setenv(publishedName.c_str(), val.c_str(), 1);
 
   // make sure we don't close on exec
   fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, 0);
@@ -86,8 +85,7 @@
     int flags =
         ((types[0] == "stream" ? SOCK_STREAM : (types[0] == "dgram" ? SOCK_DGRAM : SOCK_SEQPACKET)));
     bool passcred = types.size() > 1 && types[1] == "passcred";
-    return CreateSocket(name().c_str(), flags, passcred, perm(), uid(), gid(), context.c_str(),
-                        sehandle);
+    return CreateSocket(name().c_str(), flags, passcred, perm(), uid(), gid(), context.c_str());
 }
 
 const std::string SocketInfo::key() const {
diff --git a/init/devices.cpp b/init/devices.cpp
index 215d2ea..af6b50a 100644
--- a/init/devices.cpp
+++ b/init/devices.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <selinux/android.h>
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
+#include "selinux.h"
 #include "ueventd.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
@@ -219,23 +220,18 @@
     return {0600, 0, 0};
 }
 
-void DeviceHandler::MakeDevice(const std::string& path, int block, int major, int minor,
+void DeviceHandler::MakeDevice(const std::string& path, bool block, int major, int minor,
                                const std::vector<std::string>& links) const {
     auto[mode, uid, gid] = GetDevicePermissions(path, links);
     mode |= (block ? S_IFBLK : S_IFCHR);
 
-    char* secontext = nullptr;
-    if (sehandle_) {
-        std::vector<const char*> c_links;
-        for (const auto& link : links) {
-            c_links.emplace_back(link.c_str());
-        }
-        c_links.emplace_back(nullptr);
-        if (selabel_lookup_best_match(sehandle_, &secontext, path.c_str(), &c_links[0], mode)) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Device '" << path << "' not created; cannot find SELinux label";
-            return;
-        }
-        setfscreatecon(secontext);
+    std::string secontext;
+    if (!SelabelLookupFileContextBestMatch(path, links, mode, &secontext)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Device '" << path << "' not created; cannot find SELinux label";
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!secontext.empty()) {
+        setfscreatecon(secontext.c_str());
     }
 
     dev_t dev = makedev(major, minor);
@@ -250,7 +246,7 @@
     }
     /* If the node already exists update its SELinux label to handle cases when
      * it was created with the wrong context during coldboot procedure. */
-    if (mknod(path.c_str(), mode, dev) && (errno == EEXIST) && secontext) {
+    if (mknod(path.c_str(), mode, dev) && (errno == EEXIST) && !secontext.empty()) {
         char* fcon = nullptr;
         int rc = lgetfilecon(path.c_str(), &fcon);
         if (rc < 0) {
@@ -258,10 +254,10 @@
             goto out;
         }
 
-        bool different = strcmp(fcon, secontext) != 0;
+        bool different = fcon != secontext;
         freecon(fcon);
 
-        if (different && lsetfilecon(path.c_str(), secontext)) {
+        if (different && lsetfilecon(path.c_str(), secontext.c_str())) {
             PLOG(ERROR) << "Cannot set '" << secontext << "' SELinux label on '" << path
                         << "' device";
         }
@@ -273,51 +269,11 @@
         PLOG(FATAL) << "setegid(AID_ROOT) failed";
     }
 
-    if (secontext) {
-        freecon(secontext);
+    if (!secontext.empty()) {
         setfscreatecon(nullptr);
     }
 }
 
-std::vector<std::string> DeviceHandler::GetCharacterDeviceSymlinks(const Uevent& uevent) const {
-    std::string parent_device;
-    if (!FindPlatformDevice(uevent.path, &parent_device)) return {};
-
-    // skip path to the parent driver
-    std::string path = uevent.path.substr(parent_device.length());
-
-    if (!StartsWith(path, "/usb")) return {};
-
-    // skip root hub name and device. use device interface
-    // skip 3 slashes, including the first / by starting the search at the 1st character, not 0th.
-    // then extract what comes between the 3rd and 4th slash
-    // e.g. "/usb/usb_device/name/tty2-1:1.0" -> "name"
-
-    std::string::size_type start = 0;
-    start = path.find('/', start + 1);
-    if (start == std::string::npos) return {};
-
-    start = path.find('/', start + 1);
-    if (start == std::string::npos) return {};
-
-    auto end = path.find('/', start + 1);
-    if (end == std::string::npos) return {};
-
-    start++;  // Skip the first '/'
-
-    auto length = end - start;
-    if (length == 0) return {};
-
-    auto name_string = path.substr(start, length);
-
-    std::vector<std::string> links;
-    links.emplace_back("/dev/usb/" + uevent.subsystem + name_string);
-
-    mkdir("/dev/usb", 0755);
-
-    return links;
-}
-
 // replaces any unacceptable characters with '_', the
 // length of the resulting string is equal to the input string
 void SanitizePartitionName(std::string* string) {
@@ -385,12 +341,12 @@
     return links;
 }
 
-void DeviceHandler::HandleDevice(const std::string& action, const std::string& devpath, int block,
+void DeviceHandler::HandleDevice(const std::string& action, const std::string& devpath, bool block,
                                  int major, int minor, const std::vector<std::string>& links) const {
     if (action == "add") {
         MakeDevice(devpath, block, major, minor, links);
         for (const auto& link : links) {
-            if (mkdir_recursive(Dirname(link), 0755, sehandle_)) {
+            if (!mkdir_recursive(Dirname(link), 0755)) {
                 PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create directory " << Dirname(link);
             }
 
@@ -411,71 +367,50 @@
     }
 }
 
-void DeviceHandler::HandleBlockDeviceEvent(const Uevent& uevent) const {
-    // if it's not a /dev device, nothing to do
-    if (uevent.major < 0 || uevent.minor < 0) return;
-
-    const char* base = "/dev/block/";
-    make_dir(base, 0755, sehandle_);
-
-    std::string name = Basename(uevent.path);
-    std::string devpath = base + name;
-
-    std::vector<std::string> links;
-    if (StartsWith(uevent.path, "/devices")) {
-        links = GetBlockDeviceSymlinks(uevent);
-    }
-
-    HandleDevice(uevent.action, devpath, 1, uevent.major, uevent.minor, links);
-}
-
-void DeviceHandler::HandleGenericDeviceEvent(const Uevent& uevent) const {
-    // if it's not a /dev device, nothing to do
-    if (uevent.major < 0 || uevent.minor < 0) return;
-
-    std::string devpath;
-
-    if (StartsWith(uevent.subsystem, "usb")) {
-        if (uevent.subsystem == "usb") {
-            if (!uevent.device_name.empty()) {
-                devpath = "/dev/" + uevent.device_name;
-            } else {
-                // This imitates the file system that would be created
-                // if we were using devfs instead.
-                // Minors are broken up into groups of 128, starting at "001"
-                int bus_id = uevent.minor / 128 + 1;
-                int device_id = uevent.minor % 128 + 1;
-                devpath = StringPrintf("/dev/bus/usb/%03d/%03d", bus_id, device_id);
-            }
-        } else {
-            // ignore other USB events
-            return;
-        }
-    } else if (const auto subsystem =
-                   std::find(subsystems_.cbegin(), subsystems_.cend(), uevent.subsystem);
-               subsystem != subsystems_.cend()) {
-        devpath = subsystem->ParseDevPath(uevent);
-    } else {
-        devpath = "/dev/" + Basename(uevent.path);
-    }
-
-    mkdir_recursive(Dirname(devpath), 0755, sehandle_);
-
-    auto links = GetCharacterDeviceSymlinks(uevent);
-
-    HandleDevice(uevent.action, devpath, 0, uevent.major, uevent.minor, links);
-}
-
 void DeviceHandler::HandleDeviceEvent(const Uevent& uevent) {
     if (uevent.action == "add" || uevent.action == "change" || uevent.action == "online") {
         FixupSysPermissions(uevent.path, uevent.subsystem);
     }
 
+    // if it's not a /dev device, nothing to do
+    if (uevent.major < 0 || uevent.minor < 0) return;
+
+    std::string devpath;
+    std::vector<std::string> links;
+    bool block = false;
+
     if (uevent.subsystem == "block") {
-        HandleBlockDeviceEvent(uevent);
+        block = true;
+        devpath = "/dev/block/" + Basename(uevent.path);
+
+        if (StartsWith(uevent.path, "/devices")) {
+            links = GetBlockDeviceSymlinks(uevent);
+        }
+    } else if (const auto subsystem =
+                   std::find(subsystems_.cbegin(), subsystems_.cend(), uevent.subsystem);
+               subsystem != subsystems_.cend()) {
+        devpath = subsystem->ParseDevPath(uevent);
+    } else if (uevent.subsystem == "usb") {
+        if (!uevent.device_name.empty()) {
+            devpath = "/dev/" + uevent.device_name;
+        } else {
+            // This imitates the file system that would be created
+            // if we were using devfs instead.
+            // Minors are broken up into groups of 128, starting at "001"
+            int bus_id = uevent.minor / 128 + 1;
+            int device_id = uevent.minor % 128 + 1;
+            devpath = StringPrintf("/dev/bus/usb/%03d/%03d", bus_id, device_id);
+        }
+    } else if (StartsWith(uevent.subsystem, "usb")) {
+        // ignore other USB events
+        return;
     } else {
-        HandleGenericDeviceEvent(uevent);
+        devpath = "/dev/" + Basename(uevent.path);
     }
+
+    mkdir_recursive(Dirname(devpath), 0755);
+
+    HandleDevice(uevent.action, devpath, block, uevent.major, uevent.minor, links);
 }
 
 DeviceHandler::DeviceHandler(std::vector<Permissions> dev_permissions,
@@ -484,7 +419,6 @@
     : dev_permissions_(std::move(dev_permissions)),
       sysfs_permissions_(std::move(sysfs_permissions)),
       subsystems_(std::move(subsystems)),
-      sehandle_(selinux_android_file_context_handle()),
       skip_restorecon_(skip_restorecon),
       sysfs_mount_point_("/sys") {}
 
diff --git a/init/devices.h b/init/devices.h
index 5105ad7..1f8f1e8 100644
--- a/init/devices.h
+++ b/init/devices.h
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
     friend class SubsystemParser;
 
     Subsystem() {}
+    Subsystem(std::string name) : name_(std::move(name)) {}
 
     // Returns the full path for a uevent of a device that is a member of this subsystem,
     // according to the rules parsed from ueventd.rc
@@ -115,20 +116,15 @@
     bool FindPlatformDevice(std::string path, std::string* platform_device_path) const;
     std::tuple<mode_t, uid_t, gid_t> GetDevicePermissions(
         const std::string& path, const std::vector<std::string>& links) const;
-    void MakeDevice(const std::string& path, int block, int major, int minor,
+    void MakeDevice(const std::string& path, bool block, int major, int minor,
                     const std::vector<std::string>& links) const;
-    std::vector<std::string> GetCharacterDeviceSymlinks(const Uevent& uevent) const;
-    void HandleDevice(const std::string& action, const std::string& devpath, int block, int major,
+    void HandleDevice(const std::string& action, const std::string& devpath, bool block, int major,
                       int minor, const std::vector<std::string>& links) const;
     void FixupSysPermissions(const std::string& upath, const std::string& subsystem) const;
 
-    void HandleBlockDeviceEvent(const Uevent& uevent) const;
-    void HandleGenericDeviceEvent(const Uevent& uevent) const;
-
     std::vector<Permissions> dev_permissions_;
     std::vector<SysfsPermissions> sysfs_permissions_;
     std::vector<Subsystem> subsystems_;
-    selabel_handle* sehandle_;
     bool skip_restorecon_;
     std::string sysfs_mount_point_;
 };
diff --git a/init/devices_test.cpp b/init/devices_test.cpp
index 57d8e0f..eba00cb 100644
--- a/init/devices_test.cpp
+++ b/init/devices_test.cpp
@@ -30,25 +30,21 @@
 class DeviceHandlerTester {
   public:
     void TestGetSymlinks(const std::string& platform_device, const Uevent& uevent,
-                         const std::vector<std::string> expected_links, bool block) {
+                         const std::vector<std::string> expected_links) {
         TemporaryDir fake_sys_root;
         device_handler_.sysfs_mount_point_ = fake_sys_root.path;
 
         std::string platform_device_dir = fake_sys_root.path + platform_device;
-        mkdir_recursive(platform_device_dir, 0777, nullptr);
+        mkdir_recursive(platform_device_dir, 0777);
 
         std::string platform_bus = fake_sys_root.path + "/bus/platform"s;
-        mkdir_recursive(platform_bus, 0777, nullptr);
+        mkdir_recursive(platform_bus, 0777);
         symlink(platform_bus.c_str(), (platform_device_dir + "/subsystem").c_str());
 
-        mkdir_recursive(android::base::Dirname(fake_sys_root.path + uevent.path), 0777, nullptr);
+        mkdir_recursive(android::base::Dirname(fake_sys_root.path + uevent.path), 0777);
 
         std::vector<std::string> result;
-        if (block) {
-            result = device_handler_.GetBlockDeviceSymlinks(uevent);
-        } else {
-            result = device_handler_.GetCharacterDeviceSymlinks(uevent);
-        }
+        result = device_handler_.GetBlockDeviceSymlinks(uevent);
 
         auto expected_size = expected_links.size();
         ASSERT_EQ(expected_size, result.size());
@@ -64,95 +60,6 @@
     DeviceHandler device_handler_;
 };
 
-TEST(device_handler, get_character_device_symlinks_success) {
-    const char* platform_device = "/devices/platform/some_device_name";
-    Uevent uevent = {
-        .path = "/devices/platform/some_device_name/usb/usb_device/name/tty2-1:1.0",
-        .subsystem = "tty",
-    };
-    std::vector<std::string> expected_result{"/dev/usb/ttyname"};
-
-    DeviceHandlerTester device_handler_tester_;
-    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result, false);
-}
-
-TEST(device_handler, get_character_device_symlinks_no_pdev_match) {
-    const char* platform_device = "/devices/platform/some_device_name";
-    Uevent uevent = {
-        .path = "/device/name/tty2-1:1.0", .subsystem = "tty",
-    };
-    std::vector<std::string> expected_result;
-
-    DeviceHandlerTester device_handler_tester_;
-    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result, false);
-}
-
-TEST(device_handler, get_character_device_symlinks_nothing_after_platform_device) {
-    const char* platform_device = "/devices/platform/some_device_name";
-    Uevent uevent = {
-        .path = "/devices/platform/some_device_name", .subsystem = "tty",
-    };
-    std::vector<std::string> expected_result;
-
-    DeviceHandlerTester device_handler_tester_;
-    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result, false);
-}
-
-TEST(device_handler, get_character_device_symlinks_no_usb_found) {
-    const char* platform_device = "/devices/platform/some_device_name";
-    Uevent uevent = {
-        .path = "/devices/platform/some_device_name/bad/bad/", .subsystem = "tty",
-    };
-    std::vector<std::string> expected_result;
-
-    DeviceHandlerTester device_handler_tester_;
-    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result, false);
-}
-
-TEST(device_handler, get_character_device_symlinks_no_roothub) {
-    const char* platform_device = "/devices/platform/some_device_name";
-    Uevent uevent = {
-        .path = "/devices/platform/some_device_name/usb/", .subsystem = "tty",
-    };
-    std::vector<std::string> expected_result;
-
-    DeviceHandlerTester device_handler_tester_;
-    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result, false);
-}
-
-TEST(device_handler, get_character_device_symlinks_no_usb_device) {
-    const char* platform_device = "/devices/platform/some_device_name";
-    Uevent uevent = {
-        .path = "/devices/platform/some_device_name/usb/usb_device/", .subsystem = "tty",
-    };
-    std::vector<std::string> expected_result;
-
-    DeviceHandlerTester device_handler_tester_;
-    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result, false);
-}
-
-TEST(device_handler, get_character_device_symlinks_no_final_slash) {
-    const char* platform_device = "/devices/platform/some_device_name";
-    Uevent uevent = {
-        .path = "/devices/platform/some_device_name/usb/usb_device/name", .subsystem = "tty",
-    };
-    std::vector<std::string> expected_result;
-
-    DeviceHandlerTester device_handler_tester_;
-    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result, false);
-}
-
-TEST(device_handler, get_character_device_symlinks_no_final_name) {
-    const char* platform_device = "/devices/platform/some_device_name";
-    Uevent uevent = {
-        .path = "/devices/platform/some_device_name/usb/usb_device//", .subsystem = "tty",
-    };
-    std::vector<std::string> expected_result;
-
-    DeviceHandlerTester device_handler_tester_;
-    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result, false);
-}
-
 TEST(device_handler, get_block_device_symlinks_success_platform) {
     // These are actual paths from bullhead
     const char* platform_device = "/devices/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci";
@@ -164,7 +71,7 @@
     std::vector<std::string> expected_result{"/dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/mmcblk0"};
 
     DeviceHandlerTester device_handler_tester_;
-    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result, true);
+    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result);
 }
 
 TEST(device_handler, get_block_device_symlinks_success_platform_with_partition) {
@@ -182,7 +89,7 @@
     };
 
     DeviceHandlerTester device_handler_tester_;
-    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result, true);
+    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result);
 }
 
 TEST(device_handler, get_block_device_symlinks_success_platform_with_partition_only_num) {
@@ -198,7 +105,7 @@
     };
 
     DeviceHandlerTester device_handler_tester_;
-    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result, true);
+    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result);
 }
 
 TEST(device_handler, get_block_device_symlinks_success_platform_with_partition_only_name) {
@@ -214,7 +121,7 @@
     };
 
     DeviceHandlerTester device_handler_tester_;
-    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result, true);
+    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result);
 }
 
 TEST(device_handler, get_block_device_symlinks_success_pci) {
@@ -225,7 +132,7 @@
     std::vector<std::string> expected_result{"/dev/block/pci/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/mmcblk0"};
 
     DeviceHandlerTester device_handler_tester_;
-    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result, true);
+    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result);
 }
 
 TEST(device_handler, get_block_device_symlinks_pci_bad_format) {
@@ -236,7 +143,7 @@
     std::vector<std::string> expected_result{};
 
     DeviceHandlerTester device_handler_tester_;
-    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result, true);
+    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result);
 }
 
 TEST(device_handler, get_block_device_symlinks_success_vbd) {
@@ -247,7 +154,7 @@
     std::vector<std::string> expected_result{"/dev/block/vbd/1234/mmcblk0"};
 
     DeviceHandlerTester device_handler_tester_;
-    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result, true);
+    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result);
 }
 
 TEST(device_handler, get_block_device_symlinks_vbd_bad_format) {
@@ -258,7 +165,7 @@
     std::vector<std::string> expected_result{};
 
     DeviceHandlerTester device_handler_tester_;
-    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result, true);
+    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result);
 }
 
 TEST(device_handler, get_block_device_symlinks_no_matches) {
@@ -271,7 +178,7 @@
     std::vector<std::string> expected_result;
 
     DeviceHandlerTester device_handler_tester_;
-    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result, true);
+    device_handler_tester_.TestGetSymlinks(platform_device, uevent, expected_result);
 }
 
 TEST(device_handler, sanitize_null) {
diff --git a/init/firmware_handler.cpp b/init/firmware_handler.cpp
index 8cd5cc5..b686885 100644
--- a/init/firmware_handler.cpp
+++ b/init/firmware_handler.cpp
@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
 
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 
-#include "util.h"
-
+using android::base::Timer;
 using android::base::unique_fd;
 using android::base::WriteFully;
 
@@ -110,31 +110,16 @@
     if (uevent.subsystem != "firmware" || uevent.action != "add") return;
 
     // Loading the firmware in a child means we can do that in parallel...
-    // We double fork instead of waiting for these processes.
-    pid_t pid = fork();
+    auto pid = fork();
     if (pid == -1) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "could not fork to process firmware event for " << uevent.firmware;
-        return;
     }
-
     if (pid == 0) {
-        pid = fork();
-        if (pid == -1) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "could not fork a sceond time to process firmware event for "
-                        << uevent.firmware;
-            _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-        }
-        if (pid == 0) {
-            Timer t;
-            ProcessFirmwareEvent(uevent);
-            LOG(INFO) << "loading " << uevent.path << " took " << t;
-            _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
-        }
-
+        Timer t;
+        ProcessFirmwareEvent(uevent);
+        LOG(INFO) << "loading " << uevent.path << " took " << t;
         _exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
     }
-
-    waitpid(pid, nullptr, 0);
 }
 
 }  // namespace init
diff --git a/init/import_parser.cpp b/init/import_parser.cpp
index b9fa2ce..e335fd1 100644
--- a/init/import_parser.cpp
+++ b/init/import_parser.cpp
@@ -23,24 +23,22 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-bool ImportParser::ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, const std::string& filename,
-                                int line, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> ImportParser::ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args,
+                                           const std::string& filename, int line) {
     if (args.size() != 2) {
-        *err = "single argument needed for import\n";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "single argument needed for import\n";
     }
 
     std::string conf_file;
     bool ret = expand_props(args[1], &conf_file);
     if (!ret) {
-        *err = "error while expanding import";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "error while expanding import";
     }
 
     LOG(INFO) << "Added '" << conf_file << "' to import list";
     if (filename_.empty()) filename_ = filename;
     imports_.emplace_back(std::move(conf_file), line);
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
 void ImportParser::EndFile() {
diff --git a/init/import_parser.h b/init/import_parser.h
index b774c57..5a2f894 100644
--- a/init/import_parser.h
+++ b/init/import_parser.h
@@ -17,19 +17,19 @@
 #ifndef _INIT_IMPORT_PARSER_H
 #define _INIT_IMPORT_PARSER_H
 
-#include "init_parser.h"
-
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include "parser.h"
+
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
 class ImportParser : public SectionParser {
   public:
     ImportParser(Parser* parser) : parser_(parser) {}
-    bool ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, const std::string& filename, int line,
-                      std::string* err) override;
+    Result<Success> ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, const std::string& filename,
+                                 int line) override;
     void EndFile() override;
 
   private:
diff --git a/init/init.cpp b/init/init.cpp
index 0562dad..817b33e 100644
--- a/init/init.cpp
+++ b/init/init.cpp
@@ -16,26 +16,18 @@
 
 #include "init.h"
 
-#include <ctype.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
-#include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <libgen.h>
 #include <paths.h>
+#include <seccomp_policy.h>
 #include <signal.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/epoll.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/signalfd.h>
 #include <sys/sysmacros.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/un.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
@@ -43,28 +35,24 @@
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
-#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
 #include <keyutils.h>
 #include <libavb/libavb.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 #include <selinux/android.h>
-#include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
-#include <fstream>
 #include <memory>
-#include <vector>
+#include <optional>
 
-#include "action.h"
-#include "bootchart.h"
 #include "import_parser.h"
 #include "init_first_stage.h"
-#include "init_parser.h"
 #include "keychords.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "property_service.h"
 #include "reboot.h"
-#include "service.h"
-#include "signal_handler.h"
+#include "security.h"
+#include "selinux.h"
+#include "sigchld_handler.h"
 #include "ueventd.h"
 #include "util.h"
 #include "watchdogd.h"
@@ -73,33 +61,64 @@
 
 using android::base::boot_clock;
 using android::base::GetProperty;
+using android::base::Timer;
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-struct selabel_handle *sehandle;
-struct selabel_handle *sehandle_prop;
-
 static int property_triggers_enabled = 0;
 
 static char qemu[32];
 
 std::string default_console = "/dev/console";
-static time_t process_needs_restart_at;
-
-const char *ENV[32];
 
 static int epoll_fd = -1;
+static int sigterm_signal_fd = -1;
 
 static std::unique_ptr<Timer> waiting_for_prop(nullptr);
 static std::string wait_prop_name;
 static std::string wait_prop_value;
+static bool shutting_down;
+static std::string shutdown_command;
+static bool do_shutdown = false;
+
+std::vector<std::string> late_import_paths;
 
 void DumpState() {
-    ServiceManager::GetInstance().DumpState();
+    ServiceList::GetInstance().DumpState();
     ActionManager::GetInstance().DumpState();
 }
 
+Parser CreateParser(ActionManager& action_manager, ServiceList& service_list) {
+    Parser parser;
+
+    parser.AddSectionParser("service", std::make_unique<ServiceParser>(&service_list));
+    parser.AddSectionParser("on", std::make_unique<ActionParser>(&action_manager));
+    parser.AddSectionParser("import", std::make_unique<ImportParser>(&parser));
+
+    return parser;
+}
+
+static void LoadBootScripts(ActionManager& action_manager, ServiceList& service_list) {
+    Parser parser = CreateParser(action_manager, service_list);
+
+    std::string bootscript = GetProperty("ro.boot.init_rc", "");
+    if (bootscript.empty()) {
+        parser.ParseConfig("/init.rc");
+        if (!parser.ParseConfig("/system/etc/init")) {
+            late_import_paths.emplace_back("/system/etc/init");
+        }
+        if (!parser.ParseConfig("/vendor/etc/init")) {
+            late_import_paths.emplace_back("/vendor/etc/init");
+        }
+        if (!parser.ParseConfig("/odm/etc/init")) {
+            late_import_paths.emplace_back("/odm/etc/init");
+        }
+    } else {
+        parser.ParseConfig(bootscript);
+    }
+}
+
 void register_epoll_handler(int fd, void (*fn)()) {
     epoll_event ev;
     ev.events = EPOLLIN;
@@ -109,38 +128,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-/* add_environment - add "key=value" to the current environment */
-int add_environment(const char *key, const char *val)
-{
-    size_t n;
-    size_t key_len = strlen(key);
-
-    /* The last environment entry is reserved to terminate the list */
-    for (n = 0; n < (arraysize(ENV) - 1); n++) {
-
-        /* Delete any existing entry for this key */
-        if (ENV[n] != NULL) {
-            size_t entry_key_len = strcspn(ENV[n], "=");
-            if ((entry_key_len == key_len) && (strncmp(ENV[n], key, entry_key_len) == 0)) {
-                free((char*)ENV[n]);
-                ENV[n] = NULL;
-            }
-        }
-
-        /* Add entry if a free slot is available */
-        if (ENV[n] == NULL) {
-            char* entry;
-            asprintf(&entry, "%s=%s", key, val);
-            ENV[n] = entry;
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    LOG(ERROR) << "No env. room to store: '" << key << "':'" << val << "'";
-
-    return -1;
-}
-
 bool start_waiting_for_property(const char *name, const char *value)
 {
     if (waiting_for_prop) {
@@ -158,42 +145,72 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+void ResetWaitForProp() {
+    wait_prop_name.clear();
+    wait_prop_value.clear();
+    waiting_for_prop.reset();
+}
+
 void property_changed(const std::string& name, const std::string& value) {
     // If the property is sys.powerctl, we bypass the event queue and immediately handle it.
     // This is to ensure that init will always and immediately shutdown/reboot, regardless of
     // if there are other pending events to process or if init is waiting on an exec service or
     // waiting on a property.
-    if (name == "sys.powerctl") HandlePowerctlMessage(value);
+    // In non-thermal-shutdown case, 'shutdown' trigger will be fired to let device specific
+    // commands to be executed.
+    if (name == "sys.powerctl") {
+        // Despite the above comment, we can't call HandlePowerctlMessage() in this function,
+        // because it modifies the contents of the action queue, which can cause the action queue
+        // to get into a bad state if this function is called from a command being executed by the
+        // action queue.  Instead we set this flag and ensure that shutdown happens before the next
+        // command is run in the main init loop.
+        // TODO: once property service is removed from init, this will never happen from a builtin,
+        // but rather from a callback from the property service socket, in which case this hack can
+        // go away.
+        shutdown_command = value;
+        do_shutdown = true;
+    }
 
     if (property_triggers_enabled) ActionManager::GetInstance().QueuePropertyChange(name, value);
 
     if (waiting_for_prop) {
         if (wait_prop_name == name && wait_prop_value == value) {
-            wait_prop_name.clear();
-            wait_prop_value.clear();
             LOG(INFO) << "Wait for property took " << *waiting_for_prop;
-            waiting_for_prop.reset();
+            ResetWaitForProp();
         }
     }
 }
 
-static void restart_processes()
-{
-    process_needs_restart_at = 0;
-    ServiceManager::GetInstance().ForEachServiceWithFlags(SVC_RESTARTING, [](Service* s) {
-        s->RestartIfNeeded(&process_needs_restart_at);
-    });
+static std::optional<boot_clock::time_point> RestartProcesses() {
+    std::optional<boot_clock::time_point> next_process_restart_time;
+    for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
+        if (!(s->flags() & SVC_RESTARTING)) continue;
+
+        auto restart_time = s->time_started() + 5s;
+        if (boot_clock::now() > restart_time) {
+            if (auto result = s->Start(); !result) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Could not restart process '" << s->name() << "': " << result.error();
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (!next_process_restart_time || restart_time < *next_process_restart_time) {
+                next_process_restart_time = restart_time;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return next_process_restart_time;
 }
 
 void handle_control_message(const std::string& msg, const std::string& name) {
-    Service* svc = ServiceManager::GetInstance().FindServiceByName(name);
+    Service* svc = ServiceList::GetInstance().FindService(name);
     if (svc == nullptr) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "no such service '" << name << "'";
         return;
     }
 
     if (msg == "start") {
-        svc->Start();
+        if (auto result = svc->Start(); !result) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Could not ctl.start service '" << name << "': " << result.error();
+        }
     } else if (msg == "stop") {
         svc->Stop();
     } else if (msg == "restart") {
@@ -203,7 +220,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-static int wait_for_coldboot_done_action(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+static Result<Success> wait_for_coldboot_done_action(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     Timer t;
 
     LOG(VERBOSE) << "Waiting for " COLDBOOT_DONE "...";
@@ -217,233 +234,24 @@
     // because any build that slow isn't likely to boot at all, and we'd
     // rather any test lab devices fail back to the bootloader.
     if (wait_for_file(COLDBOOT_DONE, 60s) < 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Timed out waiting for " COLDBOOT_DONE;
-        panic();
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Timed out waiting for " COLDBOOT_DONE;
     }
 
-    property_set("ro.boottime.init.cold_boot_wait", std::to_string(t.duration_ms()));
-    return 0;
+    property_set("ro.boottime.init.cold_boot_wait", std::to_string(t.duration().count()));
+    return Success();
 }
 
-/*
- * Writes 512 bytes of output from Hardware RNG (/dev/hw_random, backed
- * by Linux kernel's hw_random framework) into Linux RNG's via /dev/urandom.
- * Does nothing if Hardware RNG is not present.
- *
- * Since we don't yet trust the quality of Hardware RNG, these bytes are not
- * mixed into the primary pool of Linux RNG and the entropy estimate is left
- * unmodified.
- *
- * If the HW RNG device /dev/hw_random is present, we require that at least
- * 512 bytes read from it are written into Linux RNG. QA is expected to catch
- * devices/configurations where these I/O operations are blocking for a long
- * time. We do not reboot or halt on failures, as this is a best-effort
- * attempt.
- */
-static int mix_hwrng_into_linux_rng_action(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
-{
-    int result = -1;
-    int hwrandom_fd = -1;
-    int urandom_fd = -1;
-    char buf[512];
-    ssize_t chunk_size;
-    size_t total_bytes_written = 0;
-
-    hwrandom_fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
-            open("/dev/hw_random", O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC));
-    if (hwrandom_fd == -1) {
-        if (errno == ENOENT) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "/dev/hw_random not found";
-            // It's not an error to not have a Hardware RNG.
-            result = 0;
-        } else {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open /dev/hw_random";
-        }
-        goto ret;
-    }
-
-    urandom_fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
-            open("/dev/urandom", O_WRONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC));
-    if (urandom_fd == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open /dev/urandom";
-        goto ret;
-    }
-
-    while (total_bytes_written < sizeof(buf)) {
-        chunk_size = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
-                read(hwrandom_fd, buf, sizeof(buf) - total_bytes_written));
-        if (chunk_size == -1) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read from /dev/hw_random";
-            goto ret;
-        } else if (chunk_size == 0) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read from /dev/hw_random: EOF";
-            goto ret;
-        }
-
-        chunk_size = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(urandom_fd, buf, chunk_size));
-        if (chunk_size == -1) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write to /dev/urandom";
-            goto ret;
-        }
-        total_bytes_written += chunk_size;
-    }
-
-    LOG(INFO) << "Mixed " << total_bytes_written << " bytes from /dev/hw_random into /dev/urandom";
-    result = 0;
-
-ret:
-    if (hwrandom_fd != -1) {
-        close(hwrandom_fd);
-    }
-    if (urandom_fd != -1) {
-        close(urandom_fd);
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-static void security_failure() {
-    LOG(ERROR) << "Security failure...";
-    panic();
-}
-
-static bool set_highest_available_option_value(std::string path, int min, int max)
-{
-    std::ifstream inf(path, std::fstream::in);
-    if (!inf) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot open for reading: " << path;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    int current = max;
-    while (current >= min) {
-        // try to write out new value
-        std::string str_val = std::to_string(current);
-        std::ofstream of(path, std::fstream::out);
-        if (!of) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot open for writing: " << path;
-            return false;
-        }
-        of << str_val << std::endl;
-        of.close();
-
-        // check to make sure it was recorded
-        inf.seekg(0);
-        std::string str_rec;
-        inf >> str_rec;
-        if (str_val.compare(str_rec) == 0) {
-            break;
-        }
-        current--;
-    }
-    inf.close();
-
-    if (current < min) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to set minimum option value " << min << " in " << path;
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-#define MMAP_RND_PATH "/proc/sys/vm/mmap_rnd_bits"
-#define MMAP_RND_COMPAT_PATH "/proc/sys/vm/mmap_rnd_compat_bits"
-
-/* __attribute__((unused)) due to lack of mips support: see mips block
- * in set_mmap_rnd_bits_action */
-static bool __attribute__((unused)) set_mmap_rnd_bits_min(int start, int min, bool compat) {
-    std::string path;
-    if (compat) {
-        path = MMAP_RND_COMPAT_PATH;
-    } else {
-        path = MMAP_RND_PATH;
-    }
-
-    return set_highest_available_option_value(path, min, start);
-}
-
-/*
- * Set /proc/sys/vm/mmap_rnd_bits and potentially
- * /proc/sys/vm/mmap_rnd_compat_bits to the maximum supported values.
- * Returns -1 if unable to set these to an acceptable value.
- *
- * To support this sysctl, the following upstream commits are needed:
- *
- * d07e22597d1d mm: mmap: add new /proc tunable for mmap_base ASLR
- * e0c25d958f78 arm: mm: support ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS
- * 8f0d3aa9de57 arm64: mm: support ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS
- * 9e08f57d684a x86: mm: support ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS
- * ec9ee4acd97c drivers: char: random: add get_random_long()
- * 5ef11c35ce86 mm: ASLR: use get_random_long()
- */
-static int set_mmap_rnd_bits_action(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
-{
-    int ret = -1;
-
-    /* values are arch-dependent */
-#if defined(__aarch64__)
-    /* arm64 supports 18 - 33 bits depending on pagesize and VA_SIZE */
-    if (set_mmap_rnd_bits_min(33, 24, false)
-            && set_mmap_rnd_bits_min(16, 16, true)) {
-        ret = 0;
-    }
-#elif defined(__x86_64__)
-    /* x86_64 supports 28 - 32 bits */
-    if (set_mmap_rnd_bits_min(32, 32, false)
-            && set_mmap_rnd_bits_min(16, 16, true)) {
-        ret = 0;
-    }
-#elif defined(__arm__) || defined(__i386__)
-    /* check to see if we're running on 64-bit kernel */
-    bool h64 = !access(MMAP_RND_COMPAT_PATH, F_OK);
-    /* supported 32-bit architecture must have 16 bits set */
-    if (set_mmap_rnd_bits_min(16, 16, h64)) {
-        ret = 0;
-    }
-#elif defined(__mips__) || defined(__mips64__)
-    // TODO: add mips support b/27788820
-    ret = 0;
-#else
-    LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown architecture";
-#endif
-
-    if (ret == -1) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to set adequate mmap entropy value!";
-        security_failure();
-    }
-    return ret;
-}
-
-#define KPTR_RESTRICT_PATH "/proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict"
-#define KPTR_RESTRICT_MINVALUE 2
-#define KPTR_RESTRICT_MAXVALUE 4
-
-/* Set kptr_restrict to the highest available level.
- *
- * Aborts if unable to set this to an acceptable value.
- */
-static int set_kptr_restrict_action(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
-{
-    std::string path = KPTR_RESTRICT_PATH;
-
-    if (!set_highest_available_option_value(path, KPTR_RESTRICT_MINVALUE, KPTR_RESTRICT_MAXVALUE)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to set adequate kptr_restrict value!";
-        security_failure();
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int keychord_init_action(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
-{
+static Result<Success> keychord_init_action(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     keychord_init();
-    return 0;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int console_init_action(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
-{
+static Result<Success> console_init_action(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     std::string console = GetProperty("ro.boot.console", "");
     if (!console.empty()) {
         default_console = "/dev/" + console;
     }
-    return 0;
+    return Success();
 }
 
 static void import_kernel_nv(const std::string& key, const std::string& value, bool for_emulator) {
@@ -498,7 +306,7 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    std::unique_ptr<DIR, int (*)(DIR*)> dir(opendir(kAndroidDtDir.c_str()), closedir);
+    std::unique_ptr<DIR, int (*)(DIR*)> dir(opendir(get_android_dt_dir().c_str()), closedir);
     if (!dir) return;
 
     std::string dt_file;
@@ -508,7 +316,7 @@
             continue;
         }
 
-        std::string file_name = kAndroidDtDir + dp->d_name;
+        std::string file_name = get_android_dt_dir() + dp->d_name;
 
         android::base::ReadFileToString(file_name, &dt_file);
         std::replace(dt_file.begin(), dt_file.end(), ',', '.');
@@ -525,367 +333,24 @@
     if (qemu[0]) import_kernel_cmdline(true, import_kernel_nv);
 }
 
-static int property_enable_triggers_action(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
-{
+static Result<Success> property_enable_triggers_action(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     /* Enable property triggers. */
     property_triggers_enabled = 1;
-    return 0;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static int queue_property_triggers_action(const std::vector<std::string>& args)
-{
+static Result<Success> queue_property_triggers_action(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueBuiltinAction(property_enable_triggers_action, "enable_property_trigger");
     ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueAllPropertyActions();
-    return 0;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-static void selinux_init_all_handles(void)
-{
-    sehandle = selinux_android_file_context_handle();
-    selinux_android_set_sehandle(sehandle);
-    sehandle_prop = selinux_android_prop_context_handle();
-}
-
-enum selinux_enforcing_status { SELINUX_PERMISSIVE, SELINUX_ENFORCING };
-
-static selinux_enforcing_status selinux_status_from_cmdline() {
-    selinux_enforcing_status status = SELINUX_ENFORCING;
-
-    import_kernel_cmdline(false, [&](const std::string& key, const std::string& value, bool in_qemu) {
-        if (key == "androidboot.selinux" && value == "permissive") {
-            status = SELINUX_PERMISSIVE;
+static void global_seccomp() {
+    import_kernel_cmdline(false, [](const std::string& key, const std::string& value, bool in_qemu) {
+        if (key == "androidboot.seccomp" && value == "global" && !set_global_seccomp_filter()) {
+            LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to globally enable seccomp!";
         }
     });
-
-    return status;
-}
-
-static bool selinux_is_enforcing(void)
-{
-    if (ALLOW_PERMISSIVE_SELINUX) {
-        return selinux_status_from_cmdline() == SELINUX_ENFORCING;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-static int audit_callback(void *data, security_class_t /*cls*/, char *buf, size_t len) {
-
-    property_audit_data *d = reinterpret_cast<property_audit_data*>(data);
-
-    if (!d || !d->name || !d->cr) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "audit_callback invoked with null data arguments!";
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    snprintf(buf, len, "property=%s pid=%d uid=%d gid=%d", d->name,
-            d->cr->pid, d->cr->uid, d->cr->gid);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * Forks, executes the provided program in the child, and waits for the completion in the parent.
- * Child's stderr is captured and logged using LOG(ERROR).
- *
- * Returns true if the child exited with status code 0, returns false otherwise.
- */
-static bool fork_execve_and_wait_for_completion(const char* filename, char* const argv[],
-                                                char* const envp[]) {
-    // Create a pipe used for redirecting child process's output.
-    // * pipe_fds[0] is the FD the parent will use for reading.
-    // * pipe_fds[1] is the FD the child will use for writing.
-    int pipe_fds[2];
-    if (pipe(pipe_fds) == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create pipe";
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    pid_t child_pid = fork();
-    if (child_pid == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to fork for " << filename;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (child_pid == 0) {
-        // fork succeeded -- this is executing in the child process
-
-        // Close the pipe FD not used by this process
-        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(close(pipe_fds[0]));
-
-        // Redirect stderr to the pipe FD provided by the parent
-        if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup2(pipe_fds[1], STDERR_FILENO)) == -1) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to redirect stderr of " << filename;
-            _exit(127);
-            return false;
-        }
-        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(close(pipe_fds[1]));
-
-        if (execve(filename, argv, envp) == -1) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to execve " << filename;
-            return false;
-        }
-        // Unreachable because execve will have succeeded and replaced this code
-        // with child process's code.
-        _exit(127);
-        return false;
-    } else {
-        // fork succeeded -- this is executing in the original/parent process
-
-        // Close the pipe FD not used by this process
-        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(close(pipe_fds[1]));
-
-        // Log the redirected output of the child process.
-        // It's unfortunate that there's no standard way to obtain an istream for a file descriptor.
-        // As a result, we're buffering all output and logging it in one go at the end of the
-        // invocation, instead of logging it as it comes in.
-        const int child_out_fd = pipe_fds[0];
-        std::string child_output;
-        if (!android::base::ReadFdToString(child_out_fd, &child_output)) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to capture full output of " << filename;
-        }
-        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(close(child_out_fd));
-        if (!child_output.empty()) {
-            // Log captured output, line by line, because LOG expects to be invoked for each line
-            std::istringstream in(child_output);
-            std::string line;
-            while (std::getline(in, line)) {
-                LOG(ERROR) << filename << ": " << line;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Wait for child to terminate
-        int status;
-        if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(waitpid(child_pid, &status, 0)) != child_pid) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to wait for " << filename;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
-            int status_code = WEXITSTATUS(status);
-            if (status_code == 0) {
-                return true;
-            } else {
-                LOG(ERROR) << filename << " exited with status " << status_code;
-            }
-        } else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << filename << " killed by signal " << WTERMSIG(status);
-        } else if (WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << filename << " stopped by signal " << WSTOPSIG(status);
-        } else {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "waitpid for " << filename << " returned unexpected status: " << status;
-        }
-
-        return false;
-    }
-}
-
-static bool read_first_line(const char* file, std::string* line) {
-    line->clear();
-
-    std::string contents;
-    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(file, &contents, true /* follow symlinks */)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    std::istringstream in(contents);
-    std::getline(in, *line);
-    return true;
-}
-
-static bool selinux_find_precompiled_split_policy(std::string* file) {
-    file->clear();
-
-    static constexpr const char precompiled_sepolicy[] = "/vendor/etc/selinux/precompiled_sepolicy";
-    if (access(precompiled_sepolicy, R_OK) == -1) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    std::string actual_plat_id;
-    if (!read_first_line("/system/etc/selinux/plat_and_mapping_sepolicy.cil.sha256",
-                         &actual_plat_id)) {
-        PLOG(INFO) << "Failed to read "
-                      "/system/etc/selinux/plat_and_mapping_sepolicy.cil.sha256";
-        return false;
-    }
-    std::string precompiled_plat_id;
-    if (!read_first_line("/vendor/etc/selinux/precompiled_sepolicy.plat_and_mapping.sha256",
-                         &precompiled_plat_id)) {
-        PLOG(INFO) << "Failed to read "
-                      "/vendor/etc/selinux/"
-                      "precompiled_sepolicy.plat_and_mapping.sha256";
-        return false;
-    }
-    if ((actual_plat_id.empty()) || (actual_plat_id != precompiled_plat_id)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    *file = precompiled_sepolicy;
-    return true;
-}
-
-static constexpr const char plat_policy_cil_file[] = "/system/etc/selinux/plat_sepolicy.cil";
-
-static bool selinux_is_split_policy_device() { return access(plat_policy_cil_file, R_OK) != -1; }
-
-/*
- * Loads SELinux policy split across platform/system and non-platform/vendor files.
- *
- * Returns true upon success, false otherwise (failure cause is logged).
- */
-static bool selinux_load_split_policy() {
-    // IMPLEMENTATION NOTE: Split policy consists of three CIL files:
-    // * platform -- policy needed due to logic contained in the system image,
-    // * non-platform -- policy needed due to logic contained in the vendor image,
-    // * mapping -- mapping policy which helps preserve forward-compatibility of non-platform policy
-    //   with newer versions of platform policy.
-    //
-    // secilc is invoked to compile the above three policy files into a single monolithic policy
-    // file. This file is then loaded into the kernel.
-
-    // Load precompiled policy from vendor image, if a matching policy is found there. The policy
-    // must match the platform policy on the system image.
-    std::string precompiled_sepolicy_file;
-    if (selinux_find_precompiled_split_policy(&precompiled_sepolicy_file)) {
-        android::base::unique_fd fd(
-            open(precompiled_sepolicy_file.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_BINARY));
-        if (fd != -1) {
-            if (selinux_android_load_policy_from_fd(fd, precompiled_sepolicy_file.c_str()) < 0) {
-                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to load SELinux policy from " << precompiled_sepolicy_file;
-                return false;
-            }
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-    // No suitable precompiled policy could be loaded
-
-    LOG(INFO) << "Compiling SELinux policy";
-
-    // Determine the highest policy language version supported by the kernel
-    set_selinuxmnt("/sys/fs/selinux");
-    int max_policy_version = security_policyvers();
-    if (max_policy_version == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to determine highest policy version supported by kernel";
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // We store the output of the compilation on /dev because this is the most convenient tmpfs
-    // storage mount available this early in the boot sequence.
-    char compiled_sepolicy[] = "/dev/sepolicy.XXXXXX";
-    android::base::unique_fd compiled_sepolicy_fd(mkostemp(compiled_sepolicy, O_CLOEXEC));
-    if (compiled_sepolicy_fd < 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create temporary file " << compiled_sepolicy;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // clang-format off
-    const char* compile_args[] = {
-        "/system/bin/secilc",
-        plat_policy_cil_file,
-        "-M", "true",
-        // Target the highest policy language version supported by the kernel
-        "-c", std::to_string(max_policy_version).c_str(),
-        "/system/etc/selinux/mapping_sepolicy.cil",
-        "/vendor/etc/selinux/nonplat_sepolicy.cil",
-        "-o", compiled_sepolicy,
-        // We don't care about file_contexts output by the compiler
-        "-f", "/sys/fs/selinux/null",  // /dev/null is not yet available
-        nullptr};
-    // clang-format on
-
-    if (!fork_execve_and_wait_for_completion(compile_args[0], (char**)compile_args, (char**)ENV)) {
-        unlink(compiled_sepolicy);
-        return false;
-    }
-    unlink(compiled_sepolicy);
-
-    LOG(INFO) << "Loading compiled SELinux policy";
-    if (selinux_android_load_policy_from_fd(compiled_sepolicy_fd, compiled_sepolicy) < 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to load SELinux policy from " << compiled_sepolicy;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-/*
- * Loads SELinux policy from a monolithic file.
- *
- * Returns true upon success, false otherwise (failure cause is logged).
- */
-static bool selinux_load_monolithic_policy() {
-    LOG(VERBOSE) << "Loading SELinux policy from monolithic file";
-    if (selinux_android_load_policy() < 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to load monolithic SELinux policy";
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-/*
- * Loads SELinux policy into the kernel.
- *
- * Returns true upon success, false otherwise (failure cause is logged).
- */
-static bool selinux_load_policy() {
-    return selinux_is_split_policy_device() ? selinux_load_split_policy()
-                                            : selinux_load_monolithic_policy();
-}
-
-static void selinux_initialize(bool in_kernel_domain) {
-    Timer t;
-
-    selinux_callback cb;
-    cb.func_log = selinux_klog_callback;
-    selinux_set_callback(SELINUX_CB_LOG, cb);
-    cb.func_audit = audit_callback;
-    selinux_set_callback(SELINUX_CB_AUDIT, cb);
-
-    if (in_kernel_domain) {
-        LOG(INFO) << "Loading SELinux policy";
-        if (!selinux_load_policy()) {
-            panic();
-        }
-
-        bool kernel_enforcing = (security_getenforce() == 1);
-        bool is_enforcing = selinux_is_enforcing();
-        if (kernel_enforcing != is_enforcing) {
-            if (security_setenforce(is_enforcing)) {
-                PLOG(ERROR) << "security_setenforce(%s) failed" << (is_enforcing ? "true" : "false");
-                security_failure();
-            }
-        }
-
-        std::string err;
-        if (!WriteFile("/sys/fs/selinux/checkreqprot", "0", &err)) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << err;
-            security_failure();
-        }
-
-        // init's first stage can't set properties, so pass the time to the second stage.
-        setenv("INIT_SELINUX_TOOK", std::to_string(t.duration_ms()).c_str(), 1);
-    } else {
-        selinux_init_all_handles();
-    }
-}
-
-// The files and directories that were created before initial sepolicy load or
-// files on ramdisk need to have their security context restored to the proper
-// value. This must happen before /dev is populated by ueventd.
-static void selinux_restore_context() {
-    LOG(INFO) << "Running restorecon...";
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/dev", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/kmsg", 0);
-    if constexpr (WORLD_WRITABLE_KMSG) {
-      selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/kmsg_debug", 0);
-    }
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/socket", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/random", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/urandom", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/__properties__", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/plat_property_contexts", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/nonplat_property_contexts", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/block", SELINUX_ANDROID_RESTORECON_RECURSE);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/device-mapper", 0);
-
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/sbin/mke2fs", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/sbin/e2fsdroid", 0);
 }
 
 // Set the UDC controller for the ConfigFS USB Gadgets.
@@ -904,7 +369,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-static void install_reboot_signal_handlers() {
+static void InstallRebootSignalHandlers() {
     // Instead of panic'ing the kernel as is the default behavior when init crashes,
     // we prefer to reboot to bootloader on development builds, as this will prevent
     // boot looping bad configurations and allow both developers and test farms to easily
@@ -912,9 +377,18 @@
     struct sigaction action;
     memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action));
     sigfillset(&action.sa_mask);
-    action.sa_handler = [](int) {
-        // panic() reboots to bootloader
-        panic();
+    action.sa_handler = [](int signal) {
+        // These signal handlers are also caught for processes forked from init, however we do not
+        // want them to trigger reboot, so we directly call _exit() for children processes here.
+        if (getpid() != 1) {
+            _exit(signal);
+        }
+
+        // Calling DoReboot() or LOG(FATAL) is not a good option as this is a signal handler.
+        // RebootSystem uses syscall() which isn't actually async-signal-safe, but our only option
+        // and probably good enough given this is already an error case and only enabled for
+        // development builds.
+        RebootSystem(ANDROID_RB_RESTART2, "bootloader");
     };
     action.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
     sigaction(SIGABRT, &action, nullptr);
@@ -929,6 +403,41 @@
     sigaction(SIGTRAP, &action, nullptr);
 }
 
+static void HandleSigtermSignal() {
+    signalfd_siginfo siginfo;
+    ssize_t bytes_read = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(sigterm_signal_fd, &siginfo, sizeof(siginfo)));
+    if (bytes_read != sizeof(siginfo)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read siginfo from sigterm_signal_fd";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (siginfo.ssi_pid != 0) {
+        // Drop any userspace SIGTERM requests.
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "Ignoring SIGTERM from pid " << siginfo.ssi_pid;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    LOG(INFO) << "Handling SIGTERM, shutting system down";
+    HandlePowerctlMessage("shutdown");
+}
+
+static void InstallSigtermHandler() {
+    sigset_t mask;
+    sigemptyset(&mask);
+    sigaddset(&mask, SIGTERM);
+
+    if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &mask, nullptr) == -1) {
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to block SIGTERM";
+    }
+
+    sigterm_signal_fd = signalfd(-1, &mask, SFD_CLOEXEC);
+    if (sigterm_signal_fd == -1) {
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to create signalfd for SIGTERM";
+    }
+
+    register_epoll_handler(sigterm_signal_fd, HandleSigtermSignal);
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
     if (!strcmp(basename(argv[0]), "ueventd")) {
         return ueventd_main(argc, argv);
@@ -939,11 +448,9 @@
     }
 
     if (REBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC) {
-        install_reboot_signal_handlers();
+        InstallRebootSignalHandlers();
     }
 
-    add_environment("PATH", _PATH_DEFPATH);
-
     bool is_first_stage = (getenv("INIT_SECOND_STAGE") == nullptr);
 
     if (is_first_stage) {
@@ -952,6 +459,8 @@
         // Clear the umask.
         umask(0);
 
+        clearenv();
+        setenv("PATH", _PATH_DEFPATH, 1);
         // Get the basic filesystem setup we need put together in the initramdisk
         // on / and then we'll let the rc file figure out the rest.
         mount("tmpfs", "/dev", "tmpfs", MS_NOSUID, "mode=0755");
@@ -970,7 +479,7 @@
         mknod("/dev/kmsg", S_IFCHR | 0600, makedev(1, 11));
 
         if constexpr (WORLD_WRITABLE_KMSG) {
-          mknod("/dev/kmsg_debug", S_IFCHR | 0622, makedev(1, 11));
+            mknod("/dev/kmsg_debug", S_IFCHR | 0622, makedev(1, 11));
         }
 
         mknod("/dev/random", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 8));
@@ -983,20 +492,22 @@
         LOG(INFO) << "init first stage started!";
 
         if (!DoFirstStageMount()) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to mount required partitions early ...";
-            panic();
+            LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to mount required partitions early ...";
         }
 
         SetInitAvbVersionInRecovery();
 
+        // Enable seccomp if global boot option was passed (otherwise it is enabled in zygote).
+        global_seccomp();
+
         // Set up SELinux, loading the SELinux policy.
-        selinux_initialize(true);
+        SelinuxSetupKernelLogging();
+        SelinuxInitialize();
 
         // We're in the kernel domain, so re-exec init to transition to the init domain now
         // that the SELinux policy has been loaded.
         if (selinux_android_restorecon("/init", 0) == -1) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "restorecon failed";
-            security_failure();
+            PLOG(FATAL) << "restorecon failed of /init failed";
         }
 
         setenv("INIT_SECOND_STAGE", "true", 1);
@@ -1011,8 +522,7 @@
 
         // execv() only returns if an error happened, in which case we
         // panic and never fall through this conditional.
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "execv(\"" << path << "\") failed";
-        security_failure();
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "execv(\"" << path << "\") failed";
     }
 
     // At this point we're in the second stage of init.
@@ -1053,8 +563,9 @@
     unsetenv("INIT_AVB_VERSION");
 
     // Now set up SELinux for second stage.
-    selinux_initialize(false);
-    selinux_restore_context();
+    SelinuxSetupKernelLogging();
+    SelabelInitialize();
+    SelinuxRestoreContext();
 
     epoll_fd = epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC);
     if (epoll_fd == -1) {
@@ -1062,7 +573,13 @@
         exit(1);
     }
 
-    signal_handler_init();
+    sigchld_handler_init();
+
+    if (!IsRebootCapable()) {
+        // If init does not have the CAP_SYS_BOOT capability, it is running in a container.
+        // In that case, receiving SIGTERM will cause the system to shut down.
+        InstallSigtermHandler();
+    }
 
     property_load_boot_defaults();
     export_oem_lock_status();
@@ -1073,26 +590,9 @@
     Action::set_function_map(&function_map);
 
     ActionManager& am = ActionManager::GetInstance();
-    ServiceManager& sm = ServiceManager::GetInstance();
-    Parser& parser = Parser::GetInstance();
+    ServiceList& sm = ServiceList::GetInstance();
 
-    parser.AddSectionParser("service", std::make_unique<ServiceParser>(&sm));
-    parser.AddSectionParser("on", std::make_unique<ActionParser>(&am));
-    parser.AddSectionParser("import", std::make_unique<ImportParser>(&parser));
-    std::string bootscript = GetProperty("ro.boot.init_rc", "");
-    if (bootscript.empty()) {
-        parser.ParseConfig("/init.rc");
-        parser.set_is_system_etc_init_loaded(
-                parser.ParseConfig("/system/etc/init"));
-        parser.set_is_vendor_etc_init_loaded(
-                parser.ParseConfig("/vendor/etc/init"));
-        parser.set_is_odm_etc_init_loaded(parser.ParseConfig("/odm/etc/init"));
-    } else {
-        parser.ParseConfig(bootscript);
-        parser.set_is_system_etc_init_loaded(true);
-        parser.set_is_vendor_etc_init_loaded(true);
-        parser.set_is_odm_etc_init_loaded(true);
-    }
+    LoadBootScripts(am, sm);
 
     // Turning this on and letting the INFO logging be discarded adds 0.2s to
     // Nexus 9 boot time, so it's disabled by default.
@@ -1103,9 +603,9 @@
     // Queue an action that waits for coldboot done so we know ueventd has set up all of /dev...
     am.QueueBuiltinAction(wait_for_coldboot_done_action, "wait_for_coldboot_done");
     // ... so that we can start queuing up actions that require stuff from /dev.
-    am.QueueBuiltinAction(mix_hwrng_into_linux_rng_action, "mix_hwrng_into_linux_rng");
-    am.QueueBuiltinAction(set_mmap_rnd_bits_action, "set_mmap_rnd_bits");
-    am.QueueBuiltinAction(set_kptr_restrict_action, "set_kptr_restrict");
+    am.QueueBuiltinAction(MixHwrngIntoLinuxRngAction, "MixHwrngIntoLinuxRng");
+    am.QueueBuiltinAction(SetMmapRndBitsAction, "SetMmapRndBits");
+    am.QueueBuiltinAction(SetKptrRestrictAction, "SetKptrRestrict");
     am.QueueBuiltinAction(keychord_init_action, "keychord_init");
     am.QueueBuiltinAction(console_init_action, "console_init");
 
@@ -1114,7 +614,7 @@
 
     // Repeat mix_hwrng_into_linux_rng in case /dev/hw_random or /dev/random
     // wasn't ready immediately after wait_for_coldboot_done
-    am.QueueBuiltinAction(mix_hwrng_into_linux_rng_action, "mix_hwrng_into_linux_rng");
+    am.QueueBuiltinAction(MixHwrngIntoLinuxRngAction, "MixHwrngIntoLinuxRng");
 
     // Don't mount filesystems or start core system services in charger mode.
     std::string bootmode = GetProperty("ro.bootmode", "");
@@ -1131,16 +631,27 @@
         // By default, sleep until something happens.
         int epoll_timeout_ms = -1;
 
-        if (!(waiting_for_prop || sm.IsWaitingForExec())) {
+        if (do_shutdown && !shutting_down) {
+            do_shutdown = false;
+            if (HandlePowerctlMessage(shutdown_command)) {
+                shutting_down = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!(waiting_for_prop || Service::is_exec_service_running())) {
             am.ExecuteOneCommand();
         }
-        if (!(waiting_for_prop || sm.IsWaitingForExec())) {
-            restart_processes();
+        if (!(waiting_for_prop || Service::is_exec_service_running())) {
+            if (!shutting_down) {
+                auto next_process_restart_time = RestartProcesses();
 
-            // If there's a process that needs restarting, wake up in time for that.
-            if (process_needs_restart_at != 0) {
-                epoll_timeout_ms = (process_needs_restart_at - time(nullptr)) * 1000;
-                if (epoll_timeout_ms < 0) epoll_timeout_ms = 0;
+                // If there's a process that needs restarting, wake up in time for that.
+                if (next_process_restart_time) {
+                    epoll_timeout_ms = std::chrono::ceil<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
+                                           *next_process_restart_time - boot_clock::now())
+                                           .count();
+                    if (epoll_timeout_ms < 0) epoll_timeout_ms = 0;
+                }
             }
 
             // If there's more work to do, wake up again immediately.
diff --git a/init/init.h b/init/init.h
index 479b771..b757c1d 100644
--- a/init/init.h
+++ b/init/init.h
@@ -18,8 +18,11 @@
 #define _INIT_INIT_H
 
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
-#include <selinux/label.h>
+#include "action.h"
+#include "parser.h"
+#include "service.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
@@ -27,10 +30,10 @@
 // Note: These globals are *only* valid in init, so they should not be used in ueventd,
 // watchdogd, or any files that may be included in those, such as devices.cpp and util.cpp.
 // TODO: Have an Init class and remove all globals.
-extern const char *ENV[32];
 extern std::string default_console;
-extern struct selabel_handle *sehandle;
-extern struct selabel_handle *sehandle_prop;
+extern std::vector<std::string> late_import_paths;
+
+Parser CreateParser(ActionManager& action_manager, ServiceList& service_list);
 
 void handle_control_message(const std::string& msg, const std::string& arg);
 
@@ -38,12 +41,12 @@
 
 void register_epoll_handler(int fd, void (*fn)());
 
-int add_environment(const char* key, const char* val);
-
 bool start_waiting_for_property(const char *name, const char *value);
 
 void DumpState();
 
+void ResetWaitForProp();
+
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
 
diff --git a/init/init_first_stage.cpp b/init/init_first_stage.cpp
index e10c3b2..0f7e38f 100644
--- a/init/init_first_stage.cpp
+++ b/init/init_first_stage.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@
 #include "uevent_listener.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
-using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using android::base::Timer;
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
@@ -171,10 +172,13 @@
         };
         uevent_listener_.RegenerateUeventsForPath("/sys" + dm_path, dm_callback);
         if (!found) {
+            LOG(INFO) << "device-mapper device not found in /sys, waiting for its uevent";
+            Timer t;
             uevent_listener_.Poll(dm_callback, 10s);
+            LOG(INFO) << "Wait for device-mapper returned after " << t;
         }
         if (!found) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "device-mapper device not found";
+            LOG(ERROR) << "device-mapper device not found after polling timeout";
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -185,11 +189,16 @@
     // UeventCallback() will remove found partitions from required_devices_partition_names_.
     // So if it isn't empty here, it means some partitions are not found.
     if (!required_devices_partition_names_.empty()) {
+        LOG(INFO) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
+                  << ": partition(s) not found in /sys, waiting for their uevent(s): "
+                  << android::base::Join(required_devices_partition_names_, ", ");
+        Timer t;
         uevent_listener_.Poll(uevent_callback, 10s);
+        LOG(INFO) << "Wait for partitions returned after " << t;
     }
 
     if (!required_devices_partition_names_.empty()) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << ": partition(s) not found: "
+        LOG(ERROR) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << ": partition(s) not found after polling timeout: "
                    << android::base::Join(required_devices_partition_names_, ", ");
         return false;
     }
@@ -241,10 +250,13 @@
 
     uevent_listener_.RegenerateUeventsForPath(syspath, verity_callback);
     if (!found) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "dm-verity device not found in /sys, waiting for its uevent";
+        Timer t;
         uevent_listener_.Poll(verity_callback, 10s);
+        LOG(INFO) << "wait for dm-verity device returned after " << t;
     }
     if (!found) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "dm-verity device not found";
+        LOG(ERROR) << "dm-verity device not found after polling timeout";
         return false;
     }
 
diff --git a/init/init_parser.cpp b/init/init_parser.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index e76d589..0000000
--- a/init/init_parser.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "init_parser.h"
-
-#include <dirent.h>
-
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <android-base/strings.h>
-
-#include "parser.h"
-#include "util.h"
-
-namespace android {
-namespace init {
-
-Parser::Parser() {
-}
-
-Parser& Parser::GetInstance() {
-    static Parser instance;
-    return instance;
-}
-
-void Parser::AddSectionParser(const std::string& name,
-                              std::unique_ptr<SectionParser> parser) {
-    section_parsers_[name] = std::move(parser);
-}
-
-void Parser::AddSingleLineParser(const std::string& prefix, LineCallback callback) {
-    line_callbacks_.emplace_back(prefix, callback);
-}
-
-void Parser::ParseData(const std::string& filename, const std::string& data) {
-    //TODO: Use a parser with const input and remove this copy
-    std::vector<char> data_copy(data.begin(), data.end());
-    data_copy.push_back('\0');
-
-    parse_state state;
-    state.line = 0;
-    state.ptr = &data_copy[0];
-    state.nexttoken = 0;
-
-    SectionParser* section_parser = nullptr;
-    std::vector<std::string> args;
-
-    for (;;) {
-        switch (next_token(&state)) {
-        case T_EOF:
-            if (section_parser) {
-                section_parser->EndSection();
-            }
-            return;
-        case T_NEWLINE:
-            state.line++;
-            if (args.empty()) {
-                break;
-            }
-            // If we have a line matching a prefix we recognize, call its callback and unset any
-            // current section parsers.  This is meant for /sys/ and /dev/ line entries for uevent.
-            for (const auto& [prefix, callback] : line_callbacks_) {
-                if (android::base::StartsWith(args[0], prefix.c_str())) {
-                    if (section_parser) section_parser->EndSection();
-
-                    std::string ret_err;
-                    if (!callback(std::move(args), &ret_err)) {
-                        LOG(ERROR) << filename << ": " << state.line << ": " << ret_err;
-                    }
-                    section_parser = nullptr;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            if (section_parsers_.count(args[0])) {
-                if (section_parser) {
-                    section_parser->EndSection();
-                }
-                section_parser = section_parsers_[args[0]].get();
-                std::string ret_err;
-                if (!section_parser->ParseSection(std::move(args), filename, state.line, &ret_err)) {
-                    LOG(ERROR) << filename << ": " << state.line << ": " << ret_err;
-                    section_parser = nullptr;
-                }
-            } else if (section_parser) {
-                std::string ret_err;
-                if (!section_parser->ParseLineSection(std::move(args), state.line, &ret_err)) {
-                    LOG(ERROR) << filename << ": " << state.line << ": " << ret_err;
-                }
-            }
-            args.clear();
-            break;
-        case T_TEXT:
-            args.emplace_back(state.text);
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-bool Parser::ParseConfigFile(const std::string& path) {
-    LOG(INFO) << "Parsing file " << path << "...";
-    Timer t;
-    std::string data;
-    std::string err;
-    if (!ReadFile(path, &data, &err)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << err;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    data.push_back('\n'); // TODO: fix parse_config.
-    ParseData(path, data);
-    for (const auto& [section_name, section_parser] : section_parsers_) {
-        section_parser->EndFile();
-    }
-
-    LOG(VERBOSE) << "(Parsing " << path << " took " << t << ".)";
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool Parser::ParseConfigDir(const std::string& path) {
-    LOG(INFO) << "Parsing directory " << path << "...";
-    std::unique_ptr<DIR, int(*)(DIR*)> config_dir(opendir(path.c_str()), closedir);
-    if (!config_dir) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not import directory '" << path << "'";
-        return false;
-    }
-    dirent* current_file;
-    std::vector<std::string> files;
-    while ((current_file = readdir(config_dir.get()))) {
-        // Ignore directories and only process regular files.
-        if (current_file->d_type == DT_REG) {
-            std::string current_path =
-                android::base::StringPrintf("%s/%s", path.c_str(), current_file->d_name);
-            files.emplace_back(current_path);
-        }
-    }
-    // Sort first so we load files in a consistent order (bug 31996208)
-    std::sort(files.begin(), files.end());
-    for (const auto& file : files) {
-        if (!ParseConfigFile(file)) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "could not import file '" << file << "'";
-        }
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool Parser::ParseConfig(const std::string& path) {
-    if (is_dir(path.c_str())) {
-        return ParseConfigDir(path);
-    }
-    return ParseConfigFile(path);
-}
-
-}  // namespace init
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/init_parser.h b/init/init_parser.h
deleted file mode 100644
index c07a699..0000000
--- a/init/init_parser.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef _INIT_INIT_PARSER_H_
-#define _INIT_INIT_PARSER_H_
-
-#include <map>
-#include <memory>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-//  SectionParser is an interface that can parse a given 'section' in init.
-//
-//  You can implement up to 4 functions below, with ParseSection() being mandatory.
-//  The first two function return bool with false indicating a failure and has a std::string* err
-//  parameter into which an error string can be written.  It will be reported along with the
-//  filename and line number of where the error occurred.
-//
-//  1) bool ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, const std::string& filename,
-//                       int line, std::string* err)
-//    This function is called when a section is first encountered.
-//
-//  2) bool ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line, std::string* err)
-//    This function is called on each subsequent line until the next section is encountered.
-//
-//  3) bool EndSection()
-//    This function is called either when a new section is found or at the end of the file.
-//    It indicates that parsing of the current section is complete and any relevant objects should
-//    be committed.
-//
-//  4) bool EndFile()
-//    This function is called at the end of the file.
-//    It indicates that the parsing has completed and any relevant objects should be committed.
-
-namespace android {
-namespace init {
-
-class SectionParser {
-  public:
-    virtual ~SectionParser() {}
-    virtual bool ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, const std::string& filename,
-                              int line, std::string* err) = 0;
-    virtual bool ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&&, int, std::string*) { return true; };
-    virtual void EndSection(){};
-    virtual void EndFile(){};
-};
-
-class Parser {
-  public:
-    //  LineCallback is the type for callbacks that can parse a line starting with a given prefix.
-    //
-    //  They take the form of bool Callback(std::vector<std::string>&& args, std::string* err)
-    //
-    //  Similar to ParseSection() and ParseLineSection(), this function returns bool with false
-    //  indicating a failure and has an std::string* err parameter into which an error string can
-    //  be written.
-    using LineCallback = std::function<bool(std::vector<std::string>&&, std::string*)>;
-
-    // TODO: init is the only user of this as a singleton; remove it.
-    static Parser& GetInstance();
-
-    Parser();
-
-    bool ParseConfig(const std::string& path);
-    void AddSectionParser(const std::string& name, std::unique_ptr<SectionParser> parser);
-    void AddSingleLineParser(const std::string& prefix, LineCallback callback);
-    void set_is_system_etc_init_loaded(bool loaded) { is_system_etc_init_loaded_ = loaded; }
-    void set_is_vendor_etc_init_loaded(bool loaded) { is_vendor_etc_init_loaded_ = loaded; }
-    void set_is_odm_etc_init_loaded(bool loaded) { is_odm_etc_init_loaded_ = loaded; }
-    bool is_system_etc_init_loaded() { return is_system_etc_init_loaded_; }
-    bool is_vendor_etc_init_loaded() { return is_vendor_etc_init_loaded_; }
-    bool is_odm_etc_init_loaded() { return is_odm_etc_init_loaded_; }
-
-  private:
-    void ParseData(const std::string& filename, const std::string& data);
-    bool ParseConfigFile(const std::string& path);
-    bool ParseConfigDir(const std::string& path);
-
-    std::map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<SectionParser>> section_parsers_;
-    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, LineCallback>> line_callbacks_;
-    bool is_system_etc_init_loaded_ = false;
-    bool is_vendor_etc_init_loaded_ = false;
-    bool is_odm_etc_init_loaded_ = false;
-};
-
-}  // namespace init
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif
diff --git a/init/init_parser_test.cpp b/init/init_parser_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 38b8275..0000000
--- a/init/init_parser_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "init_parser.h"
-
-#include "init.h"
-#include "service.h"
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace init {
-
-TEST(init_parser, make_exec_oneshot_service_invalid_syntax) {
-    ServiceManager& sm = ServiceManager::GetInstance();
-    std::vector<std::string> args;
-    // Nothing.
-    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, sm.MakeExecOneshotService(args));
-
-    // No arguments to 'exec'.
-    args.push_back("exec");
-    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, sm.MakeExecOneshotService(args));
-
-    // No command in "exec --".
-    args.push_back("--");
-    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, sm.MakeExecOneshotService(args));
-}
-
-TEST(init_parser, make_exec_oneshot_service_too_many_supplementary_gids) {
-    ServiceManager& sm = ServiceManager::GetInstance();
-    std::vector<std::string> args;
-    args.push_back("exec");
-    args.push_back("seclabel");
-    args.push_back("root"); // uid.
-    args.push_back("root"); // gid.
-    for (int i = 0; i < NR_SVC_SUPP_GIDS; ++i) {
-        args.push_back("root"); // Supplementary gid.
-    }
-    args.push_back("--");
-    args.push_back("/system/bin/id");
-    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, sm.MakeExecOneshotService(args));
-}
-
-static void Test_make_exec_oneshot_service(bool dash_dash, bool seclabel, bool uid,
-                                           bool gid, bool supplementary_gids) {
-    ServiceManager& sm = ServiceManager::GetInstance();
-    std::vector<std::string> args;
-    args.push_back("exec");
-    if (seclabel) {
-        args.push_back("u:r:su:s0"); // seclabel
-        if (uid) {
-            args.push_back("log");      // uid
-            if (gid) {
-                args.push_back("shell");     // gid
-                if (supplementary_gids) {
-                    args.push_back("system");    // supplementary gid 0
-                    args.push_back("adb");       // supplementary gid 1
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    if (dash_dash) {
-        args.push_back("--");
-    }
-    args.push_back("/system/bin/toybox");
-    args.push_back("id");
-    Service* svc = sm.MakeExecOneshotService(args);
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, svc);
-
-    if (seclabel) {
-        ASSERT_EQ("u:r:su:s0", svc->seclabel());
-    } else {
-        ASSERT_EQ("", svc->seclabel());
-    }
-    if (uid) {
-        uid_t decoded_uid;
-        std::string err;
-        ASSERT_TRUE(DecodeUid("log", &decoded_uid, &err));
-        ASSERT_EQ(decoded_uid, svc->uid());
-    } else {
-        ASSERT_EQ(0U, svc->uid());
-    }
-    if (gid) {
-        uid_t decoded_uid;
-        std::string err;
-        ASSERT_TRUE(DecodeUid("shell", &decoded_uid, &err));
-        ASSERT_EQ(decoded_uid, svc->gid());
-    } else {
-        ASSERT_EQ(0U, svc->gid());
-    }
-    if (supplementary_gids) {
-        ASSERT_EQ(2U, svc->supp_gids().size());
-        uid_t decoded_uid;
-        std::string err;
-        ASSERT_TRUE(DecodeUid("system", &decoded_uid, &err));
-        ASSERT_EQ(decoded_uid, svc->supp_gids()[0]);
-        ASSERT_TRUE(DecodeUid("adb", &decoded_uid, &err));
-        ASSERT_EQ(decoded_uid, svc->supp_gids()[1]);
-    } else {
-        ASSERT_EQ(0U, svc->supp_gids().size());
-    }
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<std::size_t>(2), svc->args().size());
-    ASSERT_EQ("/system/bin/toybox", svc->args()[0]);
-    ASSERT_EQ("id", svc->args()[1]);
-}
-
-TEST(init_parser, make_exec_oneshot_service_with_everything) {
-    Test_make_exec_oneshot_service(true, true, true, true, true);
-}
-
-TEST(init_parser, make_exec_oneshot_service_with_seclabel_uid_gid) {
-    Test_make_exec_oneshot_service(true, true, true, true, false);
-}
-
-TEST(init_parser, make_exec_oneshot_service_with_seclabel_uid) {
-    Test_make_exec_oneshot_service(true, true, true, false, false);
-}
-
-TEST(init_parser, make_exec_oneshot_service_with_seclabel) {
-    Test_make_exec_oneshot_service(true, true, false, false, false);
-}
-
-TEST(init_parser, make_exec_oneshot_service_with_just_command) {
-    Test_make_exec_oneshot_service(true, false, false, false, false);
-}
-
-TEST(init_parser, make_exec_oneshot_service_with_just_command_no_dash) {
-    Test_make_exec_oneshot_service(false, false, false, false, false);
-}
-
-}  // namespace init
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/init_test.cpp b/init/init_test.cpp
index 0a4071b..27659f9 100644
--- a/init/init_test.cpp
+++ b/init/init_test.cpp
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 #include "action.h"
 #include "builtins.h"
 #include "import_parser.h"
-#include "init_parser.h"
 #include "keyword_map.h"
+#include "parser.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
     void Add(const std::string& name, const BuiltinFunctionNoArgs function) {
         Add(name, 0, 0, [function](const std::vector<std::string>&) {
             function();
-            return 0;
+            return Success();
         });
     }
 
@@ -156,10 +156,9 @@
                                "execute 3";
     // clang-format on
     // WriteFile() ensures the right mode is set
-    std::string err;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(WriteFile(std::string(dir.path) + "/a.rc", dir_a_script, &err));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(WriteFile(std::string(dir.path) + "/a.rc", dir_a_script));
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(WriteFile(std::string(dir.path) + "/b.rc", "on boot\nexecute 5", &err));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(WriteFile(std::string(dir.path) + "/b.rc", "on boot\nexecute 5"));
 
     // clang-format off
     std::string start_script = "import " + std::string(first_import.path) + "\n"
@@ -175,7 +174,7 @@
     auto execute_command = [&num_executed](const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
         EXPECT_EQ(2U, args.size());
         EXPECT_EQ(++num_executed, std::stoi(args[1]));
-        return 0;
+        return Success();
     };
 
     TestFunctionMap test_function_map;
diff --git a/init/keychords.cpp b/init/keychords.cpp
index a0d7cc5..e686ce1 100644
--- a/init/keychords.cpp
+++ b/init/keychords.cpp
@@ -79,10 +79,13 @@
     // Only handle keychords if adb is enabled.
     std::string adb_enabled = android::base::GetProperty("init.svc.adbd", "");
     if (adb_enabled == "running") {
-        Service* svc = ServiceManager::GetInstance().FindServiceByKeychord(id);
+        Service* svc = ServiceList::GetInstance().FindService(id, &Service::keychord_id);
         if (svc) {
-            LOG(INFO) << "Starting service " << svc->name() << " from keychord " << id;
-            svc->Start();
+            LOG(INFO) << "Starting service '" << svc->name() << "' from keychord " << id;
+            if (auto result = svc->Start(); !result) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Could not start service '" << svc->name() << "' from keychord " << id
+                           << ": " << result.error();
+            }
         } else {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Service for keychord " << id << " not found";
         }
@@ -92,7 +95,9 @@
 }
 
 void keychord_init() {
-    ServiceManager::GetInstance().ForEachService(add_service_keycodes);
+    for (const auto& service : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
+        add_service_keycodes(service.get());
+    }
 
     // Nothing to do if no services require keychords.
     if (!keychords) {
diff --git a/init/keyword_map.h b/init/keyword_map.h
index 481d637..c95fc73 100644
--- a/init/keyword_map.h
+++ b/init/keyword_map.h
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 
+#include "result.h"
+
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
@@ -34,20 +36,17 @@
     virtual ~KeywordMap() {
     }
 
-    const Function FindFunction(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) const {
+    const Result<Function> FindFunction(const std::vector<std::string>& args) const {
         using android::base::StringPrintf;
 
-        if (args.empty()) {
-            *err = "keyword needed, but not provided";
-            return nullptr;
-        }
+        if (args.empty()) return Error() << "Keyword needed, but not provided";
+
         auto& keyword = args[0];
         auto num_args = args.size() - 1;
 
         auto function_info_it = map().find(keyword);
         if (function_info_it == map().end()) {
-            *err = StringPrintf("invalid keyword '%s'", keyword.c_str());
-            return nullptr;
+            return Error() << StringPrintf("Invalid keyword '%s'", keyword.c_str());
         }
 
         auto function_info = function_info_it->second;
@@ -55,22 +54,18 @@
         auto min_args = std::get<0>(function_info);
         auto max_args = std::get<1>(function_info);
         if (min_args == max_args && num_args != min_args) {
-            *err = StringPrintf("%s requires %zu argument%s",
-                                keyword.c_str(), min_args,
-                                (min_args > 1 || min_args == 0) ? "s" : "");
-            return nullptr;
+            return Error() << StringPrintf("%s requires %zu argument%s", keyword.c_str(), min_args,
+                                           (min_args > 1 || min_args == 0) ? "s" : "");
         }
 
         if (num_args < min_args || num_args > max_args) {
             if (max_args == std::numeric_limits<decltype(max_args)>::max()) {
-                *err = StringPrintf("%s requires at least %zu argument%s",
-                                    keyword.c_str(), min_args,
-                                    min_args > 1 ? "s" : "");
+                return Error() << StringPrintf("%s requires at least %zu argument%s",
+                                               keyword.c_str(), min_args, min_args > 1 ? "s" : "");
             } else {
-                *err = StringPrintf("%s requires between %zu and %zu arguments",
-                                    keyword.c_str(), min_args, max_args);
+                return Error() << StringPrintf("%s requires between %zu and %zu arguments",
+                                               keyword.c_str(), min_args, max_args);
             }
-            return nullptr;
         }
 
         return std::get<Function>(function_info);
diff --git a/init/log.cpp b/init/log.cpp
index 1830077..6198fc2 100644
--- a/init/log.cpp
+++ b/init/log.cpp
@@ -19,19 +19,45 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <linux/audit.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
+#include "reboot.h"
+
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
+static void InitAborter(const char* abort_message) {
+    // When init forks, it continues to use this aborter for LOG(FATAL), but we want children to
+    // simply abort instead of trying to reboot the system.
+    if (getpid() != 1) {
+        android::base::DefaultAborter(abort_message);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // DoReboot() does a lot to try to shutdown the system cleanly.  If something happens to call
+    // LOG(FATAL) in the shutdown path, we want to catch this and immediately use the syscall to
+    // reboot instead of recursing here.
+    static bool has_aborted = false;
+    if (!has_aborted) {
+        has_aborted = true;
+        // Do not queue "shutdown" trigger since we want to shutdown immediately and it's not likely
+        // that we can even run the ActionQueue at this point.
+        DoReboot(ANDROID_RB_RESTART2, "reboot", "bootloader", false);
+    } else {
+        RebootSystem(ANDROID_RB_RESTART2, "bootloader");
+    }
+}
+
 void InitKernelLogging(char* argv[]) {
     // Make stdin/stdout/stderr all point to /dev/null.
     int fd = open("/sys/fs/selinux/null", O_RDWR);
     if (fd == -1) {
         int saved_errno = errno;
-        android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger);
+        android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger, InitAborter);
         errno = saved_errno;
         PLOG(FATAL) << "Couldn't open /sys/fs/selinux/null";
     }
@@ -40,7 +66,7 @@
     dup2(fd, 2);
     if (fd > 2) close(fd);
 
-    android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger);
+    android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger, InitAborter);
 }
 
 int selinux_klog_callback(int type, const char *fmt, ...) {
diff --git a/init/parser.cpp b/init/parser.cpp
index c0fa6d9..8a4e798 100644
--- a/init/parser.cpp
+++ b/init/parser.cpp
@@ -1,123 +1,154 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
 #include "parser.h"
 
+#include <dirent.h>
+
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+
+#include "tokenizer.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-int next_token(struct parse_state *state)
-{
-    char *x = state->ptr;
-    char *s;
+Parser::Parser() {}
 
-    if (state->nexttoken) {
-        int t = state->nexttoken;
-        state->nexttoken = 0;
-        return t;
-    }
+void Parser::AddSectionParser(const std::string& name, std::unique_ptr<SectionParser> parser) {
+    section_parsers_[name] = std::move(parser);
+}
+
+void Parser::AddSingleLineParser(const std::string& prefix, LineCallback callback) {
+    line_callbacks_.emplace_back(prefix, callback);
+}
+
+void Parser::ParseData(const std::string& filename, const std::string& data) {
+    // TODO: Use a parser with const input and remove this copy
+    std::vector<char> data_copy(data.begin(), data.end());
+    data_copy.push_back('\0');
+
+    parse_state state;
+    state.line = 0;
+    state.ptr = &data_copy[0];
+    state.nexttoken = 0;
+
+    SectionParser* section_parser = nullptr;
+    std::vector<std::string> args;
 
     for (;;) {
-        switch (*x) {
-        case 0:
-            state->ptr = x;
-            return T_EOF;
-        case '\n':
-            x++;
-            state->ptr = x;
-            return T_NEWLINE;
-        case ' ':
-        case '\t':
-        case '\r':
-            x++;
-            continue;
-        case '#':
-            while (*x && (*x != '\n')) x++;
-            if (*x == '\n') {
-                state->ptr = x+1;
-                return T_NEWLINE;
-            } else {
-                state->ptr = x;
-                return T_EOF;
-            }
-        default:
-            goto text;
+        switch (next_token(&state)) {
+            case T_EOF:
+                if (section_parser) section_parser->EndSection();
+                return;
+            case T_NEWLINE:
+                state.line++;
+                if (args.empty()) break;
+                // If we have a line matching a prefix we recognize, call its callback and unset any
+                // current section parsers.  This is meant for /sys/ and /dev/ line entries for
+                // uevent.
+                for (const auto& [prefix, callback] : line_callbacks_) {
+                    if (android::base::StartsWith(args[0], prefix.c_str())) {
+                        if (section_parser) section_parser->EndSection();
+
+                        if (auto result = callback(std::move(args)); !result) {
+                            LOG(ERROR) << filename << ": " << state.line << ": " << result.error();
+                        }
+                        section_parser = nullptr;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (section_parsers_.count(args[0])) {
+                    if (section_parser) section_parser->EndSection();
+                    section_parser = section_parsers_[args[0]].get();
+                    if (auto result =
+                            section_parser->ParseSection(std::move(args), filename, state.line);
+                        !result) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << filename << ": " << state.line << ": " << result.error();
+                        section_parser = nullptr;
+                    }
+                } else if (section_parser) {
+                    if (auto result = section_parser->ParseLineSection(std::move(args), state.line);
+                        !result) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << filename << ": " << state.line << ": " << result.error();
+                    }
+                }
+                args.clear();
+                break;
+            case T_TEXT:
+                args.emplace_back(state.text);
+                break;
         }
     }
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseConfigFile(const std::string& path) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "Parsing file " << path << "...";
+    android::base::Timer t;
+    auto config_contents = ReadFile(path);
+    if (!config_contents) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to read config file '" << path << "': " << config_contents.error();
+        return false;
+    }
 
-textdone:
-    state->ptr = x;
-    *s = 0;
-    return T_TEXT;
-text:
-    state->text = s = x;
-textresume:
-    for (;;) {
-        switch (*x) {
-        case 0:
-            goto textdone;
-        case ' ':
-        case '\t':
-        case '\r':
-            x++;
-            goto textdone;
-        case '\n':
-            state->nexttoken = T_NEWLINE;
-            x++;
-            goto textdone;
-        case '"':
-            x++;
-            for (;;) {
-                switch (*x) {
-                case 0:
-                        /* unterminated quoted thing */
-                    state->ptr = x;
-                    return T_EOF;
-                case '"':
-                    x++;
-                    goto textresume;
-                default:
-                    *s++ = *x++;
-                }
-            }
-            break;
-        case '\\':
-            x++;
-            switch (*x) {
-            case 0:
-                goto textdone;
-            case 'n':
-                *s++ = '\n';
-                break;
-            case 'r':
-                *s++ = '\r';
-                break;
-            case 't':
-                *s++ = '\t';
-                break;
-            case '\\':
-                *s++ = '\\';
-                break;
-            case '\r':
-                    /* \ <cr> <lf> -> line continuation */
-                if (x[1] != '\n') {
-                    x++;
-                    continue;
-                }
-            case '\n':
-                    /* \ <lf> -> line continuation */
-                state->line++;
-                x++;
-                    /* eat any extra whitespace */
-                while((*x == ' ') || (*x == '\t')) x++;
-                continue;
-            default:
-                    /* unknown escape -- just copy */
-                *s++ = *x++;
-            }
-            continue;
-        default:
-            *s++ = *x++;
+    config_contents->push_back('\n');  // TODO: fix parse_config.
+    ParseData(path, *config_contents);
+    for (const auto& [section_name, section_parser] : section_parsers_) {
+        section_parser->EndFile();
+    }
+
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << "(Parsing " << path << " took " << t << ".)";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseConfigDir(const std::string& path) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "Parsing directory " << path << "...";
+    std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> config_dir(opendir(path.c_str()), closedir);
+    if (!config_dir) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not import directory '" << path << "'";
+        return false;
+    }
+    dirent* current_file;
+    std::vector<std::string> files;
+    while ((current_file = readdir(config_dir.get()))) {
+        // Ignore directories and only process regular files.
+        if (current_file->d_type == DT_REG) {
+            std::string current_path =
+                android::base::StringPrintf("%s/%s", path.c_str(), current_file->d_name);
+            files.emplace_back(current_path);
         }
     }
-    return T_EOF;
+    // Sort first so we load files in a consistent order (bug 31996208)
+    std::sort(files.begin(), files.end());
+    for (const auto& file : files) {
+        if (!ParseConfigFile(file)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "could not import file '" << file << "'";
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Parser::ParseConfig(const std::string& path) {
+    if (is_dir(path.c_str())) {
+        return ParseConfigDir(path);
+    }
+    return ParseConfigFile(path);
 }
 
 }  // namespace init
diff --git a/init/parser.h b/init/parser.h
index 86e4c57..4ab24a4 100644
--- a/init/parser.h
+++ b/init/parser.h
@@ -14,27 +14,79 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef PARSER_H_
-#define PARSER_H_
+#ifndef _INIT_PARSER_H_
+#define _INIT_PARSER_H_
 
-#define T_EOF 0
-#define T_TEXT 1
-#define T_NEWLINE 2
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "result.h"
+
+//  SectionParser is an interface that can parse a given 'section' in init.
+//
+//  You can implement up to 4 functions below, with ParseSection() being mandatory.
+//  The first two function return bool with false indicating a failure and has a std::string* err
+//  parameter into which an error string can be written.  It will be reported along with the
+//  filename and line number of where the error occurred.
+//
+//  1) bool ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, const std::string& filename,
+//                       int line, std::string* err)
+//    This function is called when a section is first encountered.
+//
+//  2) bool ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line, std::string* err)
+//    This function is called on each subsequent line until the next section is encountered.
+//
+//  3) bool EndSection()
+//    This function is called either when a new section is found or at the end of the file.
+//    It indicates that parsing of the current section is complete and any relevant objects should
+//    be committed.
+//
+//  4) bool EndFile()
+//    This function is called at the end of the file.
+//    It indicates that the parsing has completed and any relevant objects should be committed.
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-struct parse_state
-{
-    char *ptr;
-    char *text;
-    int line;
-    int nexttoken;
+class SectionParser {
+  public:
+    virtual ~SectionParser() {}
+    virtual Result<Success> ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args,
+                                         const std::string& filename, int line) = 0;
+    virtual Result<Success> ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&&, int) { return Success(); };
+    virtual void EndSection(){};
+    virtual void EndFile(){};
 };
 
-int next_token(struct parse_state *state);
+class Parser {
+  public:
+    //  LineCallback is the type for callbacks that can parse a line starting with a given prefix.
+    //
+    //  They take the form of bool Callback(std::vector<std::string>&& args, std::string* err)
+    //
+    //  Similar to ParseSection() and ParseLineSection(), this function returns bool with false
+    //  indicating a failure and has an std::string* err parameter into which an error string can
+    //  be written.
+    using LineCallback = std::function<Result<Success>(std::vector<std::string>&&)>;
+
+    Parser();
+
+    bool ParseConfig(const std::string& path);
+    void AddSectionParser(const std::string& name, std::unique_ptr<SectionParser> parser);
+    void AddSingleLineParser(const std::string& prefix, LineCallback callback);
+
+  private:
+    void ParseData(const std::string& filename, const std::string& data);
+    bool ParseConfigFile(const std::string& path);
+    bool ParseConfigDir(const std::string& path);
+
+    std::map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<SectionParser>> section_parsers_;
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, LineCallback>> line_callbacks_;
+};
 
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
 
-#endif /* PARSER_H_ */
+#endif
diff --git a/init/persistent_properties.cpp b/init/persistent_properties.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71f2355
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/persistent_properties.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "persistent_properties.h"
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/system_properties.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+#include "util.h"
+
+using android::base::ReadFdToString;
+using android::base::StartsWith;
+using android::base::WriteStringToFd;
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+std::string persistent_property_filename = "/data/property/persistent_properties";
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr const uint32_t kMagic = 0x8495E0B4;
+constexpr const char kLegacyPersistentPropertyDir[] = "/data/property";
+
+void AddPersistentProperty(const std::string& name, const std::string& value,
+                           PersistentProperties* persistent_properties) {
+    auto persistent_property_record = persistent_properties->add_properties();
+    persistent_property_record->set_name(name);
+    persistent_property_record->set_value(value);
+}
+
+Result<PersistentProperties> LoadLegacyPersistentProperties() {
+    std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> dir(opendir(kLegacyPersistentPropertyDir), closedir);
+    if (!dir) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Unable to open persistent property directory \""
+                            << kLegacyPersistentPropertyDir << "\"";
+    }
+
+    PersistentProperties persistent_properties;
+    dirent* entry;
+    while ((entry = readdir(dir.get())) != nullptr) {
+        if (!StartsWith(entry->d_name, "persist.")) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (entry->d_type != DT_REG) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        unique_fd fd(openat(dirfd(dir.get()), entry->d_name, O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW));
+        if (fd == -1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to open persistent property file \"" << entry->d_name << "\"";
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        struct stat sb;
+        if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "fstat on property file \"" << entry->d_name << "\" failed";
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // File must not be accessible to others, be owned by root/root, and
+        // not be a hard link to any other file.
+        if (((sb.st_mode & (S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO)) != 0) || sb.st_uid != 0 || sb.st_gid != 0 ||
+            sb.st_nlink != 1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "skipping insecure property file " << entry->d_name
+                        << " (uid=" << sb.st_uid << " gid=" << sb.st_gid << " nlink=" << sb.st_nlink
+                        << " mode=" << std::oct << sb.st_mode << ")";
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        std::string value;
+        if (ReadFdToString(fd, &value)) {
+            AddPersistentProperty(entry->d_name, value, &persistent_properties);
+        } else {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to read persistent property file " << entry->d_name;
+        }
+    }
+    return persistent_properties;
+}
+
+void RemoveLegacyPersistentPropertyFiles() {
+    std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> dir(opendir(kLegacyPersistentPropertyDir), closedir);
+    if (!dir) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to open persistent property directory \""
+                    << kLegacyPersistentPropertyDir << "\"";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    dirent* entry;
+    while ((entry = readdir(dir.get())) != nullptr) {
+        if (!StartsWith(entry->d_name, "persist.")) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (entry->d_type != DT_REG) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        unlinkat(dirfd(dir.get()), entry->d_name, 0);
+    }
+}
+
+PersistentProperties LoadPersistentPropertiesFromMemory() {
+    PersistentProperties persistent_properties;
+    __system_property_foreach(
+        [](const prop_info* pi, void* cookie) {
+            __system_property_read_callback(
+                pi,
+                [](void* cookie, const char* name, const char* value, unsigned serial) {
+                    if (StartsWith(name, "persist.")) {
+                        auto properties = reinterpret_cast<PersistentProperties*>(cookie);
+                        AddPersistentProperty(name, value, properties);
+                    }
+                },
+                cookie);
+        },
+        &persistent_properties);
+    return persistent_properties;
+}
+
+class PersistentPropertyFileParser {
+  public:
+    PersistentPropertyFileParser(const std::string& contents) : contents_(contents), position_(0) {}
+    Result<PersistentProperties> Parse();
+
+  private:
+    Result<std::string> ReadString();
+    Result<uint32_t> ReadUint32();
+
+    const std::string& contents_;
+    size_t position_;
+};
+
+Result<PersistentProperties> PersistentPropertyFileParser::Parse() {
+    if (auto magic = ReadUint32(); magic) {
+        if (*magic != kMagic) {
+            return Error() << "Magic value '0x" << std::hex << *magic
+                           << "' does not match expected value '0x" << kMagic << "'";
+        }
+    } else {
+        return Error() << "Could not read magic value: " << magic.error();
+    }
+
+    if (auto version = ReadUint32(); version) {
+        if (*version != 1) {
+            return Error() << "Version '" << *version
+                           << "' does not match any compatible version: (1)";
+        }
+    } else {
+        return Error() << "Could not read version: " << version.error();
+    }
+
+    auto num_properties = ReadUint32();
+    if (!num_properties) {
+        return Error() << "Could not read num_properties: " << num_properties.error();
+    }
+
+    PersistentProperties result;
+    while (position_ < contents_.size()) {
+        auto name = ReadString();
+        if (!name) {
+            return Error() << "Could not read name: " << name.error();
+        }
+        if (!StartsWith(*name, "persist.")) {
+            return Error() << "Property '" << *name << "' does not starts with 'persist.'";
+        }
+        auto value = ReadString();
+        if (!value) {
+            return Error() << "Could not read value: " << value.error();
+        }
+        AddPersistentProperty(*name, *value, &result);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+Result<std::string> PersistentPropertyFileParser::ReadString() {
+    auto string_length = ReadUint32();
+    if (!string_length) {
+        return Error() << "Could not read size for string";
+    }
+
+    if (position_ + *string_length > contents_.size()) {
+        return Error() << "String size would cause it to overflow the input buffer";
+    }
+    auto result = std::string(contents_, position_, *string_length);
+    position_ += *string_length;
+    return result;
+}
+
+Result<uint32_t> PersistentPropertyFileParser::ReadUint32() {
+    if (position_ + 3 > contents_.size()) {
+        return Error() << "Input buffer not large enough to read uint32_t";
+    }
+    uint32_t result = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(&contents_[position_]);
+    position_ += sizeof(uint32_t);
+    return result;
+}
+
+Result<std::string> ReadPersistentPropertyFile() {
+    const std::string temp_filename = persistent_property_filename + ".tmp";
+    if (access(temp_filename.c_str(), F_OK) == 0) {
+        LOG(INFO)
+            << "Found temporary property file while attempting to persistent system properties"
+               " a previous persistent property write may have failed";
+        unlink(temp_filename.c_str());
+    }
+    auto file_contents = ReadFile(persistent_property_filename);
+    if (!file_contents) {
+        return Error() << "Unable to read persistent property file: " << file_contents.error();
+    }
+    return *file_contents;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+Result<PersistentProperties> LoadPersistentPropertyFile() {
+    auto file_contents = ReadPersistentPropertyFile();
+    if (!file_contents) return file_contents.error();
+
+    // Check the intermediate "I should have used protobufs from the start" format.
+    // TODO: Remove this.
+    auto parsed_contents = PersistentPropertyFileParser(*file_contents).Parse();
+    if (parsed_contents) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Intermediate format persistent property file found, converting to protobuf";
+
+        // Update to the protobuf format
+        WritePersistentPropertyFile(*parsed_contents);
+        return parsed_contents;
+    }
+
+    PersistentProperties persistent_properties;
+    if (persistent_properties.ParseFromString(*file_contents)) return persistent_properties;
+
+    // If the file cannot be parsed in either format, then we don't have any recovery
+    // mechanisms, so we delete it to allow for future writes to take place successfully.
+    unlink(persistent_property_filename.c_str());
+    return Error() << "Unable to parse persistent property file: " << parsed_contents.error();
+}
+
+Result<Success> WritePersistentPropertyFile(const PersistentProperties& persistent_properties) {
+    const std::string temp_filename = persistent_property_filename + ".tmp";
+    unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
+        open(temp_filename.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_NOFOLLOW | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0600)));
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Could not open temporary properties file";
+    }
+    std::string serialized_string;
+    if (!persistent_properties.SerializeToString(&serialized_string)) {
+        return Error() << "Unable to serialize properties";
+    }
+    if (!WriteStringToFd(serialized_string, fd)) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Unable to write file contents";
+    }
+    fsync(fd);
+    fd.reset();
+
+    if (rename(temp_filename.c_str(), persistent_property_filename.c_str())) {
+        int saved_errno = errno;
+        unlink(temp_filename.c_str());
+        return Error(saved_errno) << "Unable to rename persistent property file";
+    }
+    return Success();
+}
+
+// Persistent properties are not written often, so we rather not keep any data in memory and read
+// then rewrite the persistent property file for each update.
+void WritePersistentProperty(const std::string& name, const std::string& value) {
+    auto file_contents = ReadPersistentPropertyFile();
+    PersistentProperties persistent_properties;
+
+    if (!file_contents || !persistent_properties.ParseFromString(*file_contents)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Recovering persistent properties from memory: "
+                   << (!file_contents ? file_contents.error_string() : "Could not parse protobuf");
+        persistent_properties = LoadPersistentPropertiesFromMemory();
+    }
+    auto it = std::find_if(persistent_properties.mutable_properties()->begin(),
+                           persistent_properties.mutable_properties()->end(),
+                           [&name](const auto& record) { return record.name() == name; });
+    if (it != persistent_properties.mutable_properties()->end()) {
+        it->set_name(name);
+        it->set_value(value);
+    } else {
+        AddPersistentProperty(name, value, &persistent_properties);
+    }
+
+    if (auto result = WritePersistentPropertyFile(persistent_properties); !result) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not store persistent property: " << result.error();
+    }
+}
+
+PersistentProperties LoadPersistentProperties() {
+    auto persistent_properties = LoadPersistentPropertyFile();
+
+    if (!persistent_properties) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not load single persistent property file, trying legacy directory: "
+                   << persistent_properties.error();
+        persistent_properties = LoadLegacyPersistentProperties();
+        if (!persistent_properties) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to load legacy persistent properties: "
+                       << persistent_properties.error();
+            return {};
+        }
+        if (auto result = WritePersistentPropertyFile(*persistent_properties); result) {
+            RemoveLegacyPersistentPropertyFiles();
+        } else {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to write single persistent property file: " << result.error();
+            // Fall through so that we still set the properties that we've read.
+        }
+    }
+
+    return *persistent_properties;
+}
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/persistent_properties.h b/init/persistent_properties.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f4df85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/persistent_properties.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _INIT_PERSISTENT_PROPERTIES_H
+#define _INIT_PERSISTENT_PROPERTIES_H
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "result.h"
+#include "system/core/init/persistent_properties.pb.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+PersistentProperties LoadPersistentProperties();
+void WritePersistentProperty(const std::string& name, const std::string& value);
+
+// Exposed only for testing
+Result<PersistentProperties> LoadPersistentPropertyFile();
+Result<Success> WritePersistentPropertyFile(const PersistentProperties& persistent_properties);
+extern std::string persistent_property_filename;
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Log.h b/init/persistent_properties.proto
similarity index 64%
copy from libunwindstack/Log.h
copy to init/persistent_properties.proto
index 2d01aa8..c8d2e3a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Log.h
+++ b/init/persistent_properties.proto
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,12 +14,14 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_LOG_H
-#define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_LOG_H
+syntax = "proto2";
+option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
 
-#include <stdint.h>
+message PersistentProperties {
+    message PersistentPropertyRecord {
+        optional string name = 1;
+        optional string value = 2;
+    }
 
-void log_to_stdout(bool enable);
-void log(uint8_t indent, const char* format, ...);
-
-#endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_LOG_H
+    repeated PersistentPropertyRecord properties = 1;
+}
diff --git a/init/persistent_properties_test.cpp b/init/persistent_properties_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..872e9a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/persistent_properties_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "persistent_properties.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "util.h"
+
+using namespace std::string_literals;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+PersistentProperties VectorToPersistentProperties(
+    const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>& input_properties) {
+    PersistentProperties persistent_properties;
+
+    for (const auto& [name, value] : input_properties) {
+        auto persistent_property_record = persistent_properties.add_properties();
+        persistent_property_record->set_name(name);
+        persistent_property_record->set_value(value);
+    }
+
+    return persistent_properties;
+}
+
+void CheckPropertiesEqual(std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> expected,
+                          const PersistentProperties& persistent_properties) {
+    for (const auto& persistent_property_record : persistent_properties.properties()) {
+        auto it = std::find_if(expected.begin(), expected.end(),
+                               [persistent_property_record](const auto& entry) {
+                                   return entry.first == persistent_property_record.name() &&
+                                          entry.second == persistent_property_record.value();
+                               });
+        ASSERT_TRUE(it != expected.end())
+            << "Found unexpected property (" << persistent_property_record.name() << ", "
+            << persistent_property_record.value() << ")";
+        expected.erase(it);
+    }
+    auto joiner = [](const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>& vector) {
+        std::string result;
+        for (const auto& [name, value] : vector) {
+            result += " (" + name + ", " + value + ")";
+        }
+        return result;
+    };
+    EXPECT_TRUE(expected.empty()) << "Did not find expected properties:" << joiner(expected);
+}
+
+TEST(persistent_properties, EndToEnd) {
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    persistent_property_filename = tf.path;
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> persistent_properties = {
+        {"persist.sys.locale", "en-US"},
+        {"persist.sys.timezone", "America/Los_Angeles"},
+        {"persist.test.empty.value", ""},
+        {"persist.test.new.line", "abc\n\n\nabc"},
+        {"persist.test.numbers", "1234567890"},
+        {"persist.test.non.ascii", "\x00\x01\x02\xFF\xFE\xFD\x7F\x8F\x9F"},
+        // We don't currently allow for non-ascii names for system properties, but this is a policy
+        // decision, not a technical limitation.
+        {"persist.\x00\x01\x02\xFF\xFE\xFD\x7F\x8F\x9F", "non-ascii-name"},
+    };
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(WritePersistentPropertyFile(VectorToPersistentProperties(persistent_properties)));
+
+    auto read_back_properties = LoadPersistentProperties();
+    CheckPropertiesEqual(persistent_properties, read_back_properties);
+}
+
+TEST(persistent_properties, AddProperty) {
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    persistent_property_filename = tf.path;
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> persistent_properties = {
+        {"persist.sys.timezone", "America/Los_Angeles"},
+    };
+    ASSERT_TRUE(WritePersistentPropertyFile(VectorToPersistentProperties(persistent_properties)));
+
+    WritePersistentProperty("persist.sys.locale", "pt-BR");
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> persistent_properties_expected = {
+        {"persist.sys.timezone", "America/Los_Angeles"},
+        {"persist.sys.locale", "pt-BR"},
+    };
+
+    auto read_back_properties = LoadPersistentProperties();
+    CheckPropertiesEqual(persistent_properties_expected, read_back_properties);
+}
+
+TEST(persistent_properties, UpdateProperty) {
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    persistent_property_filename = tf.path;
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> persistent_properties = {
+        {"persist.sys.locale", "en-US"},
+        {"persist.sys.timezone", "America/Los_Angeles"},
+    };
+    ASSERT_TRUE(WritePersistentPropertyFile(VectorToPersistentProperties(persistent_properties)));
+
+    WritePersistentProperty("persist.sys.locale", "pt-BR");
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> persistent_properties_expected = {
+        {"persist.sys.locale", "pt-BR"},
+        {"persist.sys.timezone", "America/Los_Angeles"},
+    };
+
+    auto read_back_properties = LoadPersistentProperties();
+    CheckPropertiesEqual(persistent_properties_expected, read_back_properties);
+}
+
+TEST(persistent_properties, UpdatePropertyBadParse) {
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    persistent_property_filename = tf.path;
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(WriteFile(tf.path, "ab"));
+
+    WritePersistentProperty("persist.sys.locale", "pt-BR");
+
+    auto read_back_properties = LoadPersistentProperties();
+    EXPECT_GT(read_back_properties.properties().size(), 0);
+
+    auto it =
+        std::find_if(read_back_properties.properties().begin(),
+                     read_back_properties.properties().end(), [](const auto& entry) {
+                         return entry.name() == "persist.sys.locale" && entry.value() == "pt-BR";
+                     });
+    EXPECT_FALSE(it == read_back_properties.properties().end());
+}
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/property_service.cpp b/init/property_service.cpp
index 0af6c21..db2d472 100644
--- a/init/property_service.cpp
+++ b/init/property_service.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #include "property_service.h"
 
 #include <ctype.h>
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
@@ -42,9 +41,11 @@
 #include <queue>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <bootimg.h>
 #include <fs_mgr.h>
@@ -53,18 +54,23 @@
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
 #include "init.h"
+#include "persistent_properties.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
-#define PERSISTENT_PROPERTY_DIR  "/data/property"
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
+using android::base::Timer;
+
 #define RECOVERY_MOUNT_POINT "/recovery"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-static int persistent_properties_loaded = 0;
+static bool persistent_properties_loaded = false;
 
 static int property_set_fd = -1;
 
+static struct selabel_handle* sehandle_prop;
+
 void property_init() {
     if (__system_property_area_init()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to initialize property area";
@@ -115,29 +121,6 @@
     return check_mac_perms(ctl_name, sctx, cr);
 }
 
-static void write_persistent_property(const char *name, const char *value)
-{
-    char tempPath[PATH_MAX];
-    char path[PATH_MAX];
-    int fd;
-
-    snprintf(tempPath, sizeof(tempPath), "%s/.temp.XXXXXX", PERSISTENT_PROPERTY_DIR);
-    fd = mkstemp(tempPath);
-    if (fd < 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to write persistent property to temp file " << tempPath;
-        return;
-    }
-    write(fd, value, strlen(value));
-    fsync(fd);
-    close(fd);
-
-    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s", PERSISTENT_PROPERTY_DIR, name);
-    if (rename(tempPath, path)) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to rename persistent property file " << tempPath << " to " << path;
-        unlink(tempPath);
-    }
-}
-
 bool is_legal_property_name(const std::string& name) {
     size_t namelen = name.size();
 
@@ -199,7 +182,7 @@
     // Don't write properties to disk until after we have read all default
     // properties to prevent them from being overwritten by default values.
     if (persistent_properties_loaded && android::base::StartsWith(name, "persist.")) {
-        write_persistent_property(name.c_str(), value.c_str());
+        WritePersistentProperty(name, value);
     }
     property_changed(name, value);
     return PROP_SUCCESS;
@@ -350,7 +333,7 @@
     while (*timeout_ms > 0) {
       Timer timer;
       int nr = poll(ufds, 1, *timeout_ms);
-      uint64_t millis = timer.duration_ms();
+      uint64_t millis = timer.duration().count();
       *timeout_ms = (millis > *timeout_ms) ? 0 : *timeout_ms - millis;
 
       if (nr > 0) {
@@ -437,6 +420,20 @@
     }
   } else {
     if (check_mac_perms(name, source_ctx, &cr)) {
+      // sys.powerctl is a special property that is used to make the device reboot.  We want to log
+      // any process that sets this property to be able to accurately blame the cause of a shutdown.
+      if (name == "sys.powerctl") {
+        std::string cmdline_path = StringPrintf("proc/%d/cmdline", cr.pid);
+        std::string process_cmdline;
+        std::string process_log_string;
+        if (android::base::ReadFileToString(cmdline_path, &process_cmdline)) {
+          // Since cmdline is null deliminated, .c_str() conveniently gives us just the process path.
+          process_log_string = StringPrintf(" (%s)", process_cmdline.c_str());
+        }
+        LOG(INFO) << "Received sys.powerctl='" << value << "' from pid: " << cr.pid
+                  << process_log_string;
+      }
+
       uint32_t result = property_set(name, value);
       if (!legacy_protocol) {
         socket.SendUint32(result);
@@ -583,72 +580,17 @@
 // "ro.foo.*" is a prefix match, and "ro.foo.bar" is an exact match.
 static void load_properties_from_file(const char* filename, const char* filter) {
     Timer t;
-    std::string data;
-    std::string err;
-    if (!ReadFile(filename, &data, &err)) {
-        PLOG(WARNING) << "Couldn't load property file: " << err;
+    auto file_contents = ReadFile(filename);
+    if (!file_contents) {
+        PLOG(WARNING) << "Couldn't load property file '" << filename
+                      << "': " << file_contents.error();
         return;
     }
-    data.push_back('\n');
-    load_properties(&data[0], filter);
+    file_contents->push_back('\n');
+    load_properties(file_contents->data(), filter);
     LOG(VERBOSE) << "(Loading properties from " << filename << " took " << t << ".)";
 }
 
-static void load_persistent_properties() {
-    persistent_properties_loaded = 1;
-
-    std::unique_ptr<DIR, int(*)(DIR*)> dir(opendir(PERSISTENT_PROPERTY_DIR), closedir);
-    if (!dir) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to open persistent property directory \""
-                    << PERSISTENT_PROPERTY_DIR << "\"";
-        return;
-    }
-
-    struct dirent* entry;
-    while ((entry = readdir(dir.get())) != NULL) {
-        if (strncmp("persist.", entry->d_name, strlen("persist."))) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (entry->d_type != DT_REG) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // Open the file and read the property value.
-        int fd = openat(dirfd(dir.get()), entry->d_name, O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW);
-        if (fd == -1) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to open persistent property file \"" << entry->d_name << "\"";
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        struct stat sb;
-        if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "fstat on property file \"" << entry->d_name << "\" failed";
-            close(fd);
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // File must not be accessible to others, be owned by root/root, and
-        // not be a hard link to any other file.
-        if (((sb.st_mode & (S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO)) != 0) || sb.st_uid != 0 || sb.st_gid != 0 || sb.st_nlink != 1) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "skipping insecure property file " << entry->d_name
-                        << " (uid=" << sb.st_uid << " gid=" << sb.st_gid
-                        << " nlink=" << sb.st_nlink << " mode=" << std::oct << sb.st_mode << ")";
-            close(fd);
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        char value[PROP_VALUE_MAX];
-        int length = read(fd, value, sizeof(value) - 1);
-        if (length >= 0) {
-            value[length] = 0;
-            property_set(entry->d_name, value);
-        } else {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to read persistent property file " << entry->d_name;
-        }
-        close(fd);
-    }
-}
-
 // persist.sys.usb.config values can't be combined on build-time when property
 // files are split into each partition.
 // So we need to apply the same rule of build/make/tools/post_process_props.py
@@ -685,9 +627,24 @@
  * has mounted /data.
  */
 void load_persist_props(void) {
+    // Devices with FDE have load_persist_props called twice; the first time when the temporary
+    // /data partition is mounted and then again once /data is truly mounted.  We do not want to
+    // read persistent properties from the temporary /data partition or mark persistent properties
+    // as having been loaded during the first call, so we return in that case.
+    std::string crypto_state = android::base::GetProperty("ro.crypto.state", "");
+    std::string crypto_type = android::base::GetProperty("ro.crypto.type", "");
+    if (crypto_state == "encrypted" && crypto_type == "block") {
+        static size_t num_calls = 0;
+        if (++num_calls == 1) return;
+    }
+
     load_override_properties();
     /* Read persistent properties after all default values have been loaded. */
-    load_persistent_properties();
+    auto persistent_properties = LoadPersistentProperties();
+    for (const auto& persistent_property_record : persistent_properties.properties()) {
+        property_set(persistent_property_record.name(), persistent_property_record.value());
+    }
+    persistent_properties_loaded = true;
     property_set("ro.persistent_properties.ready", "true");
 }
 
@@ -730,11 +687,30 @@
     load_recovery_id_prop();
 }
 
+static int SelinuxAuditCallback(void* data, security_class_t /*cls*/, char* buf, size_t len) {
+    property_audit_data* d = reinterpret_cast<property_audit_data*>(data);
+
+    if (!d || !d->name || !d->cr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "AuditCallback invoked with null data arguments!";
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    snprintf(buf, len, "property=%s pid=%d uid=%d gid=%d", d->name, d->cr->pid, d->cr->uid,
+             d->cr->gid);
+    return 0;
+}
+
 void start_property_service() {
+    sehandle_prop = selinux_android_prop_context_handle();
+
+    selinux_callback cb;
+    cb.func_audit = SelinuxAuditCallback;
+    selinux_set_callback(SELINUX_CB_AUDIT, cb);
+
     property_set("ro.property_service.version", "2");
 
     property_set_fd = CreateSocket(PROP_SERVICE_NAME, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK,
-                                   false, 0666, 0, 0, nullptr, sehandle);
+                                   false, 0666, 0, 0, nullptr);
     if (property_set_fd == -1) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "start_property_service socket creation failed";
         exit(1);
diff --git a/init/reboot.cpp b/init/reboot.cpp
index df7912f..049c952 100644
--- a/init/reboot.cpp
+++ b/init/reboot.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <mntent.h>
-#include <selinux/selinux.h>
+#include <sys/capability.h>
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <thread>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
@@ -47,11 +48,16 @@
 #include <fs_mgr.h>
 #include <logwrap/logwrap.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+#include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
+#include "capabilities.h"
+#include "init.h"
 #include "property_service.h"
 #include "service.h"
+#include "sigchld_handler.h"
 
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
+using android::base::Timer;
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
@@ -159,12 +165,39 @@
 }
 
 static void LogShutdownTime(UmountStat stat, Timer* t) {
-    LOG(WARNING) << "powerctl_shutdown_time_ms:" << std::to_string(t->duration_ms()) << ":" << stat;
+    LOG(WARNING) << "powerctl_shutdown_time_ms:" << std::to_string(t->duration().count()) << ":"
+                 << stat;
 }
 
-static void __attribute__((noreturn))
-RebootSystem(unsigned int cmd, const std::string& rebootTarget) {
+bool IsRebootCapable() {
+    if (!CAP_IS_SUPPORTED(CAP_SYS_BOOT)) {
+        PLOG(WARNING) << "CAP_SYS_BOOT is not supported";
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    ScopedCaps caps(cap_get_proc());
+    if (!caps) {
+        PLOG(WARNING) << "cap_get_proc() failed";
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    cap_flag_value_t value = CAP_SET;
+    if (cap_get_flag(caps.get(), CAP_SYS_BOOT, CAP_EFFECTIVE, &value) != 0) {
+        PLOG(WARNING) << "cap_get_flag(CAP_SYS_BOOT, EFFECTIVE) failed";
+        return true;
+    }
+    return value == CAP_SET;
+}
+
+void __attribute__((noreturn)) RebootSystem(unsigned int cmd, const std::string& rebootTarget) {
     LOG(INFO) << "Reboot ending, jumping to kernel";
+
+    if (!IsRebootCapable()) {
+        // On systems where init does not have the capability of rebooting the
+        // device, just exit cleanly.
+        exit(0);
+    }
+
     switch (cmd) {
         case ANDROID_RB_POWEROFF:
             reboot(RB_POWER_OFF);
@@ -180,7 +213,7 @@
             break;
     }
     // In normal case, reboot should not return.
-    PLOG(FATAL) << "reboot call returned";
+    PLOG(ERROR) << "reboot call returned";
     abort();
 }
 
@@ -200,7 +233,13 @@
             LOG(INFO) << "mount entry " << mentry->mnt_fsname << ":" << mentry->mnt_dir << " opts "
                       << mentry->mnt_opts << " type " << mentry->mnt_type;
         } else if (MountEntry::IsBlockDevice(*mentry) && hasmntopt(mentry, "rw")) {
-            blockDevPartitions->emplace(blockDevPartitions->begin(), *mentry);
+            std::string mount_dir(mentry->mnt_dir);
+            // These are R/O partitions changed to R/W after adb remount.
+            // Do not umount them as shutdown critical services may rely on them.
+            if (mount_dir != "/" && mount_dir != "/system" && mount_dir != "/vendor" &&
+                mount_dir != "/oem") {
+                blockDevPartitions->emplace(blockDevPartitions->begin(), *mentry);
+            }
         } else if (MountEntry::IsEmulatedDevice(*mentry)) {
             emulatedPartitions->emplace(emulatedPartitions->begin(), *mentry);
         }
@@ -223,10 +262,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-static UmountStat UmountPartitions(int timeoutMs) {
+static UmountStat UmountPartitions(std::chrono::milliseconds timeout) {
     Timer t;
-    UmountStat stat = UMOUNT_STAT_TIMEOUT;
-    int retry = 0;
     /* data partition needs all pending writes to be completed and all emulated partitions
      * umounted.If the current waiting is not good enough, give
      * up and leave it to e2fsck after reboot to fix it.
@@ -238,25 +275,27 @@
             return UMOUNT_STAT_ERROR;
         }
         if (block_devices.size() == 0) {
-            stat = UMOUNT_STAT_SUCCESS;
-            break;
+            return UMOUNT_STAT_SUCCESS;
         }
-        if ((timeoutMs < t.duration_ms()) && retry > 0) {  // try umount at least once
-            stat = UMOUNT_STAT_TIMEOUT;
-            break;
+        bool unmount_done = true;
+        if (emulated_devices.size() > 0) {
+            unmount_done = std::all_of(emulated_devices.begin(), emulated_devices.end(),
+                                       [](auto& entry) { return entry.Umount(); });
+            if (unmount_done) {
+                sync();
+            }
         }
-        if (emulated_devices.size() > 0 &&
-            std::all_of(emulated_devices.begin(), emulated_devices.end(),
-                        [](auto& entry) { return entry.Umount(); })) {
-            sync();
+        unmount_done = std::all_of(block_devices.begin(), block_devices.end(),
+                                   [](auto& entry) { return entry.Umount(); }) &&
+                       unmount_done;
+        if (unmount_done) {
+            return UMOUNT_STAT_SUCCESS;
         }
-        for (auto& entry : block_devices) {
-            entry.Umount();
+        if ((timeout < t.duration())) {  // try umount at least once
+            return UMOUNT_STAT_TIMEOUT;
         }
-        retry++;
         std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
     }
-    return stat;
 }
 
 static void KillAllProcesses() { android::base::WriteStringToFile("i", "/proc/sysrq-trigger"); }
@@ -270,7 +309,7 @@
  *
  * return true when umount was successful. false when timed out.
  */
-static UmountStat TryUmountAndFsck(bool runFsck, int timeoutMs) {
+static UmountStat TryUmountAndFsck(bool runFsck, std::chrono::milliseconds timeout) {
     Timer t;
     std::vector<MountEntry> block_devices;
     std::vector<MountEntry> emulated_devices;
@@ -281,14 +320,14 @@
         return UMOUNT_STAT_ERROR;
     }
 
-    UmountStat stat = UmountPartitions(timeoutMs - t.duration_ms());
+    UmountStat stat = UmountPartitions(timeout - t.duration());
     if (stat != UMOUNT_STAT_SUCCESS) {
         LOG(INFO) << "umount timeout, last resort, kill all and try";
-        if (DUMP_ON_UMOUNT_FAILURE) DumpUmountDebuggingInfo(false);
+        if (DUMP_ON_UMOUNT_FAILURE) DumpUmountDebuggingInfo(true);
         KillAllProcesses();
         // even if it succeeds, still it is timeout and do not run fsck with all processes killed
-        UmountPartitions(0);
-        if (DUMP_ON_UMOUNT_FAILURE) DumpUmountDebuggingInfo(true);
+        UmountStat st = UmountPartitions(0ms);
+        if ((st != UMOUNT_STAT_SUCCESS) && DUMP_ON_UMOUNT_FAILURE) DumpUmountDebuggingInfo(false);
     }
 
     if (stat == UMOUNT_STAT_SUCCESS && runFsck) {
@@ -301,75 +340,79 @@
     return stat;
 }
 
-static void __attribute__((noreturn)) DoThermalOff() {
-    LOG(WARNING) << "Thermal system shutdown";
-    sync();
-    RebootSystem(ANDROID_RB_THERMOFF, "");
-    abort();
-}
-
 void DoReboot(unsigned int cmd, const std::string& reason, const std::string& rebootTarget,
               bool runFsck) {
     Timer t;
     LOG(INFO) << "Reboot start, reason: " << reason << ", rebootTarget: " << rebootTarget;
 
-    android::base::WriteStringToFile(StringPrintf("%s\n", reason.c_str()), LAST_REBOOT_REASON_FILE,
-                                     S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM);
+    property_set(LAST_REBOOT_REASON_PROPERTY, reason.c_str());
+    sync();
 
-    if (cmd == ANDROID_RB_THERMOFF) {  // do not wait if it is thermal
-        DoThermalOff();
-        abort();
-    }
+    bool is_thermal_shutdown = cmd == ANDROID_RB_THERMOFF;
 
-    constexpr unsigned int shutdownTimeoutDefault = 6;
-    unsigned int shutdownTimeout = shutdownTimeoutDefault;
-    if (SHUTDOWN_ZERO_TIMEOUT) {  // eng build
-        shutdownTimeout = 0;
-    } else {
-        shutdownTimeout =
-            android::base::GetUintProperty("ro.build.shutdown_timeout", shutdownTimeoutDefault);
+    auto shutdown_timeout = 0ms;
+    if (!SHUTDOWN_ZERO_TIMEOUT) {
+        if (is_thermal_shutdown) {
+            constexpr unsigned int thermal_shutdown_timeout = 1;
+            shutdown_timeout = std::chrono::seconds(thermal_shutdown_timeout);
+        } else {
+            constexpr unsigned int shutdown_timeout_default = 6;
+            auto shutdown_timeout_property = android::base::GetUintProperty(
+                "ro.build.shutdown_timeout", shutdown_timeout_default);
+            shutdown_timeout = std::chrono::seconds(shutdown_timeout_property);
+        }
     }
-    LOG(INFO) << "Shutdown timeout: " << shutdownTimeout;
+    LOG(INFO) << "Shutdown timeout: " << shutdown_timeout.count() << " ms";
 
     // keep debugging tools until non critical ones are all gone.
     const std::set<std::string> kill_after_apps{"tombstoned", "logd", "adbd"};
     // watchdogd is a vendor specific component but should be alive to complete shutdown safely.
-    const std::set<std::string> to_starts{"watchdogd", "vold", "ueventd"};
-    ServiceManager::GetInstance().ForEachService([&kill_after_apps, &to_starts](Service* s) {
+    const std::set<std::string> to_starts{"watchdogd"};
+    for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
         if (kill_after_apps.count(s->name())) {
             s->SetShutdownCritical();
         } else if (to_starts.count(s->name())) {
-            s->Start();
+            if (auto result = s->Start(); !result) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Could not start shutdown 'to_start' service '" << s->name()
+                           << "': " << result.error();
+            }
             s->SetShutdownCritical();
+        } else if (s->IsShutdownCritical()) {
+            // Start shutdown critical service if not started.
+            if (auto result = s->Start(); !result) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Could not start shutdown critical service '" << s->name()
+                           << "': " << result.error();
+            }
         }
-    });
+    }
 
-    Service* bootAnim = ServiceManager::GetInstance().FindServiceByName("bootanim");
-    Service* surfaceFlinger = ServiceManager::GetInstance().FindServiceByName("surfaceflinger");
+    Service* bootAnim = ServiceList::GetInstance().FindService("bootanim");
+    Service* surfaceFlinger = ServiceList::GetInstance().FindService("surfaceflinger");
     if (bootAnim != nullptr && surfaceFlinger != nullptr && surfaceFlinger->IsRunning()) {
-        ServiceManager::GetInstance().ForEachServiceInClass("animation", [](Service* s) {
-            s->SetShutdownCritical();  // will not check animation class separately
-        });
+        // will not check animation class separately
+        for (const auto& service : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
+            if (service->classnames().count("animation")) service->SetShutdownCritical();
+        }
     }
 
     // optional shutdown step
     // 1. terminate all services except shutdown critical ones. wait for delay to finish
-    if (shutdownTimeout > 0) {
+    if (shutdown_timeout > 0ms) {
         LOG(INFO) << "terminating init services";
 
         // Ask all services to terminate except shutdown critical ones.
-        ServiceManager::GetInstance().ForEachService([](Service* s) {
+        for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance().services_in_shutdown_order()) {
             if (!s->IsShutdownCritical()) s->Terminate();
-        });
+        }
 
         int service_count = 0;
-        // Up to half as long as shutdownTimeout or 3 seconds, whichever is lower.
-        unsigned int terminationWaitTimeout = std::min<unsigned int>((shutdownTimeout + 1) / 2, 3);
-        while (t.duration_s() < terminationWaitTimeout) {
-            ServiceManager::GetInstance().ReapAnyOutstandingChildren();
+        // Only wait up to half of timeout here
+        auto termination_wait_timeout = shutdown_timeout / 2;
+        while (t.duration() < termination_wait_timeout) {
+            ReapAnyOutstandingChildren();
 
             service_count = 0;
-            ServiceManager::GetInstance().ForEachService([&service_count](Service* s) {
+            for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
                 // Count the number of services running except shutdown critical.
                 // Exclude the console as it will ignore the SIGTERM signal
                 // and not exit.
@@ -378,7 +421,7 @@
                 if (!s->IsShutdownCritical() && s->pid() != 0 && (s->flags() & SVC_CONSOLE) == 0) {
                     service_count++;
                 }
-            });
+            }
 
             if (service_count == 0) {
                 // All terminable services terminated. We can exit early.
@@ -394,13 +437,13 @@
 
     // minimum safety steps before restarting
     // 2. kill all services except ones that are necessary for the shutdown sequence.
-    ServiceManager::GetInstance().ForEachService([](Service* s) {
+    for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance().services_in_shutdown_order()) {
         if (!s->IsShutdownCritical()) s->Stop();
-    });
-    ServiceManager::GetInstance().ReapAnyOutstandingChildren();
+    }
+    ReapAnyOutstandingChildren();
 
     // 3. send volume shutdown to vold
-    Service* voldService = ServiceManager::GetInstance().FindServiceByName("vold");
+    Service* voldService = ServiceList::GetInstance().FindService("vold");
     if (voldService != nullptr && voldService->IsRunning()) {
         ShutdownVold();
         voldService->Stop();
@@ -408,15 +451,15 @@
         LOG(INFO) << "vold not running, skipping vold shutdown";
     }
     // logcat stopped here
-    ServiceManager::GetInstance().ForEachService([&kill_after_apps](Service* s) {
+    for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance().services_in_shutdown_order()) {
         if (kill_after_apps.count(s->name())) s->Stop();
-    });
+    }
     // 4. sync, try umount, and optionally run fsck for user shutdown
     sync();
-    UmountStat stat = TryUmountAndFsck(runFsck, shutdownTimeout * 1000 - t.duration_ms());
+    UmountStat stat = TryUmountAndFsck(runFsck, shutdown_timeout - t.duration());
     // Follow what linux shutdown is doing: one more sync with little bit delay
     sync();
-    std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
+    if (!is_thermal_shutdown) std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
     LogShutdownTime(stat, &t);
     // Reboot regardless of umount status. If umount fails, fsck after reboot will fix it.
     RebootSystem(cmd, rebootTarget);
@@ -434,10 +477,15 @@
         command_invalid = true;
     } else if (cmd_params[0] == "shutdown") {
         cmd = ANDROID_RB_POWEROFF;
-        if (cmd_params.size() == 2 && cmd_params[1] == "userrequested") {
-            // The shutdown reason is PowerManager.SHUTDOWN_USER_REQUESTED.
-            // Run fsck once the file system is remounted in read-only mode.
-            run_fsck = true;
+        if (cmd_params.size() == 2) {
+            if (cmd_params[1] == "userrequested") {
+                // The shutdown reason is PowerManager.SHUTDOWN_USER_REQUESTED.
+                // Run fsck once the file system is remounted in read-only mode.
+                run_fsck = true;
+            } else if (cmd_params[1] == "thermal") {
+                // run_fsck is false to avoid delay
+                cmd = ANDROID_RB_THERMOFF;
+            }
         }
     } else if (cmd_params[0] == "reboot") {
         cmd = ANDROID_RB_RESTART2;
@@ -453,13 +501,11 @@
                                << err;
                 }
             }
-            // If there is an additional bootloader parameter, pass it along
-            if (cmd_params.size() == 3) {
+            // If there is an additional parameter, pass it along
+            if ((cmd_params.size() == 3) && cmd_params[2].size()) {
                 reboot_target += "," + cmd_params[2];
             }
         }
-    } else if (command == "thermal-shutdown") {  // no additional parameter allowed
-        cmd = ANDROID_RB_THERMOFF;
     } else {
         command_invalid = true;
     }
@@ -468,7 +514,26 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    DoReboot(cmd, command, reboot_target, run_fsck);
+    LOG(INFO) << "Clear action queue and start shutdown trigger";
+    ActionManager::GetInstance().ClearQueue();
+    // Queue shutdown trigger first
+    ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueEventTrigger("shutdown");
+    // Queue built-in shutdown_done
+    auto shutdown_handler = [cmd, command, reboot_target,
+                             run_fsck](const std::vector<std::string>&) {
+        DoReboot(cmd, command, reboot_target, run_fsck);
+        return Success();
+    };
+    ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueBuiltinAction(shutdown_handler, "shutdown_done");
+
+    // Skip wait for prop if it is in progress
+    ResetWaitForProp();
+
+    // Clear EXEC flag if there is one pending
+    for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
+        s->UnSetExec();
+    }
+
     return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/init/reboot.h b/init/reboot.h
index e559540..1c58bd1 100644
--- a/init/reboot.h
+++ b/init/reboot.h
@@ -22,9 +22,12 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
+// This is a wrapper around the actual reboot calls.  DoReboot() should be preferred in most cases.
+void __attribute__((noreturn)) RebootSystem(unsigned int cmd, const std::string& rebootTarget);
+
 /* Reboot / shutdown the system.
  * cmd ANDROID_RB_* as defined in android_reboot.h
- * reason Reason string like "reboot", "userrequested"
+ * reason Reason string like "reboot", "shutdown,userrequested"
  * rebootTarget Reboot target string like "bootloader". Otherwise, it should be an
  *              empty string.
  * runFsck Whether to run fsck after umount is done.
@@ -35,6 +38,10 @@
 // Parses and handles a setprop sys.powerctl message.
 bool HandlePowerctlMessage(const std::string& command);
 
+// Determines whether the system is capable of rebooting. This is conservative,
+// so if any of the attempts to determine this fail, it will still return true.
+bool IsRebootCapable();
+
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
 
diff --git a/init/result.h b/init/result.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc03962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/result.h
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// This file contains classes for returning a successful result along with an optional
+// arbitrarily typed return value or for returning a failure result along with an optional string
+// indicating why the function failed.
+
+// There are 3 classes that implement this functionality and one additional helper type.
+//
+// Result<T> either contains a member of type T that can be accessed using similar semantics as
+// std::optional<T> or it contains a ResultError describing an error, which can be accessed via
+// Result<T>::error().
+//
+// ResultError is a type that contains both a std::string describing the error and a copy of errno
+// from when the error occurred.  ResultError can be used in an ostream directly to print its
+// string value.
+//
+// Success is a typedef that aids in creating Result<T> that do not contain a return value.
+// Result<Success> is the correct return type for a function that either returns successfully or
+// returns an error value.  Returning Success() from a function that returns Result<Success> is the
+// correct way to indicate that a function without a return type has completed successfully.
+//
+// A successful Result<T> is constructed implicitly from any type that can be implicitly converted
+// to T or from the constructor arguments for T.  This allows you to return a type T directly from
+// a function that returns Result<T>.
+//
+// Error and ErrnoError are used to construct a Result<T> that has failed.  The Error class takes
+// an ostream as an input and are implicitly cast to a Result<T> containing that failure.
+// ErrnoError() is a helper function to create an Error class that appends ": " + strerror(errno)
+// to the end of the failure string to aid in interacting with C APIs.  Alternatively, an errno
+// value can be directly specified via the Error() constructor.
+//
+// ResultError can be used in the ostream when using Error to construct a Result<T>.  In this case,
+// the string that the ResultError takes is passed through the stream normally, but the errno is
+// passed to the Result<T>.  This can be used to pass errno from a failing C function up multiple
+// callers.
+//
+// ResultError can also directly construct a Result<T>.  This is particularly useful if you have a
+// function that return Result<T> but you have a Result<U> and want to return its error.  In this
+// case, you can return the .error() from the Result<U> to construct the Result<T>.
+
+// An example of how to use these is below:
+// Result<U> CalculateResult(const T& input) {
+//   U output;
+//   if (!SomeOtherCppFunction(input, &output)) {
+//     return Error() << "SomeOtherCppFunction(" << input << ") failed";
+//   }
+//   if (!c_api_function(output)) {
+//     return ErrnoError() << "c_api_function(" << output << ") failed";
+//   }
+//   return output;
+// }
+//
+// auto output = CalculateResult(input);
+// if (!output) return Error() << "CalculateResult failed: " << output.error();
+// UseOutput(*output);
+
+#ifndef _INIT_RESULT_H
+#define _INIT_RESULT_H
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <variant>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+struct ResultError {
+    template <typename T>
+    ResultError(T&& error_string, int error_errno)
+        : error_string(std::forward<T>(error_string)), error_errno(error_errno) {}
+
+    std::string error_string;
+    int error_errno;
+};
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const ResultError& t) {
+    os << t.error_string;
+    return os;
+}
+
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, ResultError&& t) {
+    os << std::move(t.error_string);
+    return os;
+}
+
+class Error {
+  public:
+    Error() : errno_(0), append_errno_(false) {}
+    Error(int errno_to_append) : errno_(errno_to_append), append_errno_(true) {}
+
+    template <typename T>
+    Error&& operator<<(T&& t) {
+        ss_ << std::forward<T>(t);
+        return std::move(*this);
+    }
+
+    Error&& operator<<(const ResultError& result_error) {
+        ss_ << result_error.error_string;
+        errno_ = result_error.error_errno;
+        return std::move(*this);
+    }
+
+    Error&& operator<<(ResultError&& result_error) {
+        ss_ << std::move(result_error.error_string);
+        errno_ = result_error.error_errno;
+        return std::move(*this);
+    }
+
+    const std::string str() const {
+        std::string str = ss_.str();
+        if (append_errno_) {
+            if (str.empty()) {
+                return strerror(errno_);
+            }
+            return str + ": " + strerror(errno_);
+        }
+        return str;
+    }
+
+    int get_errno() const { return errno_; }
+
+    Error(const Error&) = delete;
+    Error(Error&&) = delete;
+    Error& operator=(const Error&) = delete;
+    Error& operator=(Error&&) = delete;
+
+  private:
+    std::stringstream ss_;
+    int errno_;
+    bool append_errno_;
+};
+
+inline Error ErrnoError() {
+    return Error(errno);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+class Result {
+  public:
+    Result() {}
+
+    template <typename U, typename... V,
+              typename = std::enable_if_t<!(std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<U>, Result<T>> &&
+                                            sizeof...(V) == 0)>>
+    Result(U&& result, V&&... results)
+        : contents_(std::in_place_index_t<0>(), std::forward<U>(result),
+                    std::forward<V>(results)...) {}
+
+    Result(Error&& error) : contents_(std::in_place_index_t<1>(), error.str(), error.get_errno()) {}
+    Result(const ResultError& result_error)
+        : contents_(std::in_place_index_t<1>(), result_error.error_string,
+                    result_error.error_errno) {}
+    Result(ResultError&& result_error)
+        : contents_(std::in_place_index_t<1>(), std::move(result_error.error_string),
+                    result_error.error_errno) {}
+
+    bool has_value() const { return contents_.index() == 0; }
+
+    T& value() & { return std::get<0>(contents_); }
+    const T& value() const & { return std::get<0>(contents_); }
+    T&& value() && { return std::get<0>(std::move(contents_)); }
+    const T&& value() const && { return std::get<0>(std::move(contents_)); }
+
+    const ResultError& error() const & { return std::get<1>(contents_); }
+    ResultError&& error() && { return std::get<1>(std::move(contents_)); }
+    const ResultError&& error() const && { return std::get<1>(std::move(contents_)); }
+
+    const std::string& error_string() const & { return std::get<1>(contents_).error_string; }
+    std::string&& error_string() && { return std::get<1>(std::move(contents_)).error_string; }
+    const std::string&& error_string() const && {
+        return std::get<1>(std::move(contents_)).error_string;
+    }
+
+    int error_errno() const { return std::get<1>(contents_).error_errno; }
+
+    explicit operator bool() const { return has_value(); }
+
+    T& operator*() & { return value(); }
+    const T& operator*() const & { return value(); }
+    T&& operator*() && { return std::move(value()); }
+    const T&& operator*() const && { return std::move(value()); }
+
+    T* operator->() { return &value(); }
+    const T* operator->() const { return &value(); }
+
+  private:
+    std::variant<T, ResultError> contents_;
+};
+
+using Success = std::monostate;
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif
diff --git a/init/result_test.cpp b/init/result_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..327b444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/result_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "result.h"
+
+#include "errno.h"
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+using namespace std::string_literals;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+TEST(result, result_accessors) {
+    Result<std::string> result = "success";
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ("success", *result);
+    EXPECT_EQ("success", result.value());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ('s', result->data()[0]);
+}
+
+TEST(result, result_accessors_rvalue) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(Result<std::string>("success"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(Result<std::string>("success").has_value());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ("success", *Result<std::string>("success"));
+    EXPECT_EQ("success", Result<std::string>("success").value());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ('s', Result<std::string>("success")->data()[0]);
+}
+
+TEST(result, result_success) {
+    Result<Success> result = Success();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(Success(), *result);
+    EXPECT_EQ(Success(), result.value());
+}
+
+TEST(result, result_success_rvalue) {
+    // Success() doesn't actually create a Result<Success> object, but rather an object that can be
+    // implicitly constructed into a Result<Success> object.
+
+    auto MakeRvalueSuccessResult = []() -> Result<Success> { return Success(); };
+    ASSERT_TRUE(MakeRvalueSuccessResult());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(MakeRvalueSuccessResult().has_value());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(Success(), *MakeRvalueSuccessResult());
+    EXPECT_EQ(Success(), MakeRvalueSuccessResult().value());
+}
+
+TEST(result, result_error) {
+    Result<Success> result = Error() << "failure" << 1;
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result.has_value());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, result.error_errno());
+    EXPECT_EQ("failure1", result.error_string());
+}
+
+TEST(result, result_error_empty) {
+    Result<Success> result = Error();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result.has_value());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, result.error_errno());
+    EXPECT_EQ("", result.error_string());
+}
+
+TEST(result, result_error_rvalue) {
+    // Error() and ErrnoError() aren't actually used to create a Result<T> object.
+    // Under the hood, they are an intermediate class that can be implicitly constructed into a
+    // Result<T>.  This is needed both to create the ostream and because Error() itself, by
+    // definition will not know what the type, T, of the underlying Result<T> object that it would
+    // create is.
+
+    auto MakeRvalueErrorResult = []() -> Result<Success> { return Error() << "failure" << 1; };
+    ASSERT_FALSE(MakeRvalueErrorResult());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(MakeRvalueErrorResult().has_value());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, MakeRvalueErrorResult().error_errno());
+    EXPECT_EQ("failure1", MakeRvalueErrorResult().error_string());
+}
+
+TEST(result, result_errno_error) {
+    constexpr int test_errno = 6;
+    errno = test_errno;
+    Result<Success> result = ErrnoError() << "failure" << 1;
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result.has_value());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(test_errno, result.error_errno());
+    EXPECT_EQ("failure1: "s + strerror(test_errno), result.error_string());
+}
+
+TEST(result, result_errno_error_no_text) {
+    constexpr int test_errno = 6;
+    errno = test_errno;
+    Result<Success> result = ErrnoError();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result.has_value());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(test_errno, result.error_errno());
+    EXPECT_EQ(strerror(test_errno), result.error_string());
+}
+
+TEST(result, result_error_from_other_result) {
+    auto error_text = "test error"s;
+    Result<Success> result = Error() << error_text;
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result.has_value());
+
+    Result<std::string> result2 = result.error();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result2);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result2.has_value());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, result.error_errno());
+    EXPECT_EQ(error_text, result.error_string());
+}
+
+TEST(result, result_error_through_ostream) {
+    auto error_text = "test error"s;
+    Result<Success> result = Error() << error_text;
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result.has_value());
+
+    Result<std::string> result2 = Error() << result.error();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result2);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result2.has_value());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, result.error_errno());
+    EXPECT_EQ(error_text, result.error_string());
+}
+
+TEST(result, result_errno_error_through_ostream) {
+    auto error_text = "test error"s;
+    constexpr int test_errno = 6;
+    errno = 6;
+    Result<Success> result = ErrnoError() << error_text;
+
+    errno = 0;
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result.has_value());
+
+    Result<std::string> result2 = Error() << result.error();
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result2);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result2.has_value());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(test_errno, result.error_errno());
+    EXPECT_EQ(error_text + ": " + strerror(test_errno), result.error_string());
+}
+
+TEST(result, constructor_forwarding) {
+    auto result = Result<std::string>(5, 'a');
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result.has_value());
+
+    EXPECT_EQ("aaaaa", *result);
+}
+
+struct ConstructorTracker {
+    static size_t constructor_called;
+    static size_t copy_constructor_called;
+    static size_t move_constructor_called;
+    static size_t copy_assignment_called;
+    static size_t move_assignment_called;
+
+    template <typename T>
+    ConstructorTracker(T&& string) : string(string) {
+        ++constructor_called;
+    }
+
+    ConstructorTracker(const ConstructorTracker& ct) {
+        ++copy_constructor_called;
+        string = ct.string;
+    }
+    ConstructorTracker(ConstructorTracker&& ct) noexcept {
+        ++move_constructor_called;
+        string = std::move(ct.string);
+    }
+    ConstructorTracker& operator=(const ConstructorTracker& ct) {
+        ++copy_assignment_called;
+        string = ct.string;
+        return *this;
+    }
+    ConstructorTracker& operator=(ConstructorTracker&& ct) noexcept {
+        ++move_assignment_called;
+        string = std::move(ct.string);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    std::string string;
+};
+
+size_t ConstructorTracker::constructor_called = 0;
+size_t ConstructorTracker::copy_constructor_called = 0;
+size_t ConstructorTracker::move_constructor_called = 0;
+size_t ConstructorTracker::copy_assignment_called = 0;
+size_t ConstructorTracker::move_assignment_called = 0;
+
+Result<ConstructorTracker> ReturnConstructorTracker(const std::string& in) {
+    if (in.empty()) {
+        return "literal string";
+    }
+    if (in == "test2") {
+        return ConstructorTracker(in + in + "2");
+    }
+    ConstructorTracker result(in + " " + in);
+    return result;
+};
+
+TEST(result, no_copy_on_return) {
+    // If returning parameters that may be used to implicitly construct the type T of Result<T>,
+    // then those parameters are forwarded to the construction of Result<T>.
+
+    // If returning an prvalue or xvalue, it will be move constructed during the construction of
+    // Result<T>.
+
+    // This check ensures that that is the case, and particularly that no copy constructors
+    // are called.
+
+    auto result1 = ReturnConstructorTracker("");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result1);
+    EXPECT_EQ("literal string", result1->string);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1U, ConstructorTracker::constructor_called);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, ConstructorTracker::copy_constructor_called);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, ConstructorTracker::move_constructor_called);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, ConstructorTracker::copy_assignment_called);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, ConstructorTracker::move_assignment_called);
+
+    auto result2 = ReturnConstructorTracker("test2");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result2);
+    EXPECT_EQ("test2test22", result2->string);
+    EXPECT_EQ(2U, ConstructorTracker::constructor_called);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, ConstructorTracker::copy_constructor_called);
+    EXPECT_EQ(1U, ConstructorTracker::move_constructor_called);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, ConstructorTracker::copy_assignment_called);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, ConstructorTracker::move_assignment_called);
+
+    auto result3 = ReturnConstructorTracker("test3");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result3);
+    EXPECT_EQ("test3 test3", result3->string);
+    EXPECT_EQ(3U, ConstructorTracker::constructor_called);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, ConstructorTracker::copy_constructor_called);
+    EXPECT_EQ(2U, ConstructorTracker::move_constructor_called);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, ConstructorTracker::copy_assignment_called);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, ConstructorTracker::move_assignment_called);
+}
+
+// Below two tests require that we do not hide the move constructor with our forwarding reference
+// constructor.  This is done with by disabling the forwarding reference constructor if its first
+// and only type is Result<T>.
+TEST(result, result_result_with_success) {
+    auto return_result_result_with_success = []() -> Result<Result<Success>> {
+        return Result<Success>();
+    };
+    auto result = return_result_result_with_success();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(*result);
+
+    auto inner_result = result.value();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(inner_result);
+}
+
+TEST(result, result_result_with_failure) {
+    auto return_result_result_with_error = []() -> Result<Result<Success>> {
+        return Result<Success>(ResultError("failure string", 6));
+    };
+    auto result = return_result_result_with_error();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(*result);
+    EXPECT_EQ("failure string", result->error_string());
+    EXPECT_EQ(6, result->error_errno());
+}
+
+// This test requires that we disable the forwarding reference constructor if Result<T> is the
+// *only* type that we are forwarding.  In otherwords, if we are forwarding Result<T>, int to
+// construct a Result<T>, then we still need the constructor.
+TEST(result, result_two_parameter_constructor_same_type) {
+    struct TestStruct {
+        TestStruct(int value) : value_(value) {}
+        TestStruct(Result<TestStruct> result, int value) : value_(result->value_ * value) {}
+        int value_;
+    };
+
+    auto return_test_struct = []() -> Result<TestStruct> { return {Result<TestStruct>(6), 6}; };
+
+    auto result = return_test_struct();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result);
+    EXPECT_EQ(36, result->value_);
+}
+
+TEST(result, die_on_access_failed_result) {
+    Result<std::string> result = Error();
+    ASSERT_DEATH(*result, "");
+}
+
+TEST(result, die_on_get_error_succesful_result) {
+    Result<std::string> result = "success";
+    ASSERT_DEATH(result.error_string(), "");
+}
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/rlimit_parser.cpp b/init/rlimit_parser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe1d6a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/rlimit_parser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "rlimit_parser.h"
+
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+
+using android::base::EqualsIgnoreCase;
+using android::base::ParseInt;
+using android::base::ParseUint;
+using android::base::StartsWith;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+// Builtins and service definitions both have their arguments start at 1 and finish at 3.
+Result<std::pair<int, rlimit>> ParseRlimit(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    static const std::vector<std::pair<const char*, int>> text_to_resources = {
+        {"cpu", 0},       {"fsize", 1}, {"data", 2},    {"stack", 3},
+        {"core", 4},      {"rss", 5},   {"nproc", 6},   {"nofile", 7},
+        {"memlock", 8},   {"as", 9},    {"locks", 10},  {"sigpending", 11},
+        {"msgqueue", 12}, {"nice", 13}, {"rtprio", 14}, {"rttime", 15},
+    };
+
+    int resource;
+
+    if (ParseInt(args[1], &resource)) {
+        if (resource >= RLIM_NLIMITS) {
+            return Error() << "Resource '" << args[1] << "' over the maximum resource value '"
+                           << RLIM_NLIMITS << "'";
+        } else if (resource < 0) {
+            return Error() << "Resource '" << args[1] << "' below the minimum resource value '0'";
+        }
+    } else {
+        std::string resource_string;
+        if (StartsWith(args[1], "RLIM_")) {
+            resource_string = args[1].substr(5);
+        } else {
+            resource_string = args[1];
+        }
+
+        auto it = std::find_if(text_to_resources.begin(), text_to_resources.end(),
+                               [&resource_string](const auto& entry) {
+                                   return EqualsIgnoreCase(resource_string, entry.first);
+                               });
+        if (it == text_to_resources.end()) {
+            return Error() << "Could not parse resource '" << args[1] << "'";
+        }
+
+        resource = it->second;
+    }
+
+    rlimit limit;
+    if (!ParseUint(args[2], &limit.rlim_cur)) {
+        return Error() << "Could not parse soft limit '" << args[2] << "'";
+    }
+    if (!ParseUint(args[3], &limit.rlim_max)) {
+        return Error() << "Could not parse hard limit '" << args[3] << "'";
+    }
+    return {resource, limit};
+}
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/signal_handler.h b/init/rlimit_parser.h
similarity index 70%
copy from init/signal_handler.h
copy to init/rlimit_parser.h
index f7881ab..0396463 100644
--- a/init/signal_handler.h
+++ b/init/rlimit_parser.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,13 +14,20 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _INIT_SIGNAL_HANDLER_H_
-#define _INIT_SIGNAL_HANDLER_H_
+#ifndef _INIT_RLIMIT_PARSER_H
+#define _INIT_RLIMIT_PARSER_H
+
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "result.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-void signal_handler_init(void);
+Result<std::pair<int, rlimit>> ParseRlimit(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
 
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/rlimit_parser_test.cpp b/init/rlimit_parser_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3f9eb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/rlimit_parser_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "rlimit_parser.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+void TestRlimitSuccess(std::vector<std::string> input,
+                       const std::pair<int, rlimit>& expected_result) {
+    input.emplace(input.begin(), "");
+    ASSERT_EQ(4U, input.size());
+    auto result = ParseRlimit(input);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(result) << "input: " << input[1];
+    const auto& [resource, rlimit] = *result;
+    const auto& [expected_resource, expected_rlimit] = expected_result;
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_resource, resource);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_rlimit.rlim_cur, rlimit.rlim_cur);
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_rlimit.rlim_max, rlimit.rlim_max);
+}
+
+void TestRlimitFailure(std::vector<std::string> input, const std::string& expected_result) {
+    input.emplace(input.begin(), "");
+    ASSERT_EQ(4U, input.size());
+    auto result = ParseRlimit(input);
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(result) << "input: " << input[1];
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_result, result.error_string());
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, result.error_errno());
+}
+
+TEST(rlimit, RlimitSuccess) {
+    const std::vector<std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::pair<int, rlimit>>>
+        inputs_and_results = {
+            {{"cpu", "10", "10"}, {0, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"fsize", "10", "10"}, {1, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"data", "10", "10"}, {2, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"stack", "10", "10"}, {3, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"core", "10", "10"}, {4, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"rss", "10", "10"}, {5, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"nproc", "10", "10"}, {6, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"nofile", "10", "10"}, {7, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"memlock", "10", "10"}, {8, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"as", "10", "10"}, {9, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"locks", "10", "10"}, {10, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"sigpending", "10", "10"}, {11, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"msgqueue", "10", "10"}, {12, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"nice", "10", "10"}, {13, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"rtprio", "10", "10"}, {14, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"rttime", "10", "10"}, {15, {10, 10}}},
+
+            {{"RLIM_CPU", "10", "10"}, {0, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"RLIM_FSIZE", "10", "10"}, {1, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"RLIM_DATA", "10", "10"}, {2, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"RLIM_STACK", "10", "10"}, {3, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"RLIM_CORE", "10", "10"}, {4, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"RLIM_RSS", "10", "10"}, {5, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"RLIM_NPROC", "10", "10"}, {6, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"RLIM_NOFILE", "10", "10"}, {7, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"RLIM_MEMLOCK", "10", "10"}, {8, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"RLIM_AS", "10", "10"}, {9, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"RLIM_LOCKS", "10", "10"}, {10, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"RLIM_SIGPENDING", "10", "10"}, {11, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"RLIM_MSGQUEUE", "10", "10"}, {12, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"RLIM_NICE", "10", "10"}, {13, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"RLIM_RTPRIO", "10", "10"}, {14, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"RLIM_RTTIME", "10", "10"}, {15, {10, 10}}},
+
+            {{"0", "10", "10"}, {0, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"1", "10", "10"}, {1, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"2", "10", "10"}, {2, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"3", "10", "10"}, {3, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"4", "10", "10"}, {4, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"5", "10", "10"}, {5, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"6", "10", "10"}, {6, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"7", "10", "10"}, {7, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"8", "10", "10"}, {8, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"9", "10", "10"}, {9, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"10", "10", "10"}, {10, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"11", "10", "10"}, {11, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"12", "10", "10"}, {12, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"13", "10", "10"}, {13, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"14", "10", "10"}, {14, {10, 10}}},
+            {{"15", "10", "10"}, {15, {10, 10}}},
+        };
+
+    for (const auto& [input, expected_result] : inputs_and_results) {
+        TestRlimitSuccess(input, expected_result);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(rlimit, RlimitFailure) {
+    const std::vector<std::pair<std::vector<std::string>, std::string>> inputs_and_results = {
+        {{"-4", "10", "10"}, "Resource '-4' below the minimum resource value '0'"},
+        {{"100", "10", "10"}, "Resource '100' over the maximum resource value '16'"},
+        {{"bad_string", "10", "10"}, "Could not parse resource 'bad_string'"},
+        {{"RLIM_", "10", "10"}, "Could not parse resource 'RLIM_'"},
+        {{"cpu", "abc", "10"}, "Could not parse soft limit 'abc'"},
+        {{"cpu", "10", "abc"}, "Could not parse hard limit 'abc'"},
+    };
+
+    for (const auto& [input, expected_result] : inputs_and_results) {
+        TestRlimitFailure(input, expected_result);
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/security.cpp b/init/security.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aac8f2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/security.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "security.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+// Writes 512 bytes of output from Hardware RNG (/dev/hw_random, backed
+// by Linux kernel's hw_random framework) into Linux RNG's via /dev/urandom.
+// Does nothing if Hardware RNG is not present.
+//
+// Since we don't yet trust the quality of Hardware RNG, these bytes are not
+// mixed into the primary pool of Linux RNG and the entropy estimate is left
+// unmodified.
+//
+// If the HW RNG device /dev/hw_random is present, we require that at least
+// 512 bytes read from it are written into Linux RNG. QA is expected to catch
+// devices/configurations where these I/O operations are blocking for a long
+// time. We do not reboot or halt on failures, as this is a best-effort
+// attempt.
+Result<Success> MixHwrngIntoLinuxRngAction(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    unique_fd hwrandom_fd(
+        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("/dev/hw_random", O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    if (hwrandom_fd == -1) {
+        if (errno == ENOENT) {
+            LOG(INFO) << "/dev/hw_random not found";
+            // It's not an error to not have a Hardware RNG.
+            return Success();
+        }
+        return ErrnoError() << "Failed to open /dev/hw_random";
+    }
+
+    unique_fd urandom_fd(
+        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("/dev/urandom", O_WRONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    if (urandom_fd == -1) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Failed to open /dev/urandom";
+    }
+
+    char buf[512];
+    size_t total_bytes_written = 0;
+    while (total_bytes_written < sizeof(buf)) {
+        ssize_t chunk_size =
+            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(hwrandom_fd, buf, sizeof(buf) - total_bytes_written));
+        if (chunk_size == -1) {
+            return ErrnoError() << "Failed to read from /dev/hw_random";
+        } else if (chunk_size == 0) {
+            return Error() << "Failed to read from /dev/hw_random: EOF";
+        }
+
+        chunk_size = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(urandom_fd, buf, chunk_size));
+        if (chunk_size == -1) {
+            return ErrnoError() << "Failed to write to /dev/urandom";
+        }
+        total_bytes_written += chunk_size;
+    }
+
+    LOG(INFO) << "Mixed " << total_bytes_written << " bytes from /dev/hw_random into /dev/urandom";
+    return Success();
+}
+
+static bool SetHighestAvailableOptionValue(std::string path, int min, int max) {
+    std::ifstream inf(path, std::fstream::in);
+    if (!inf) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot open for reading: " << path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    int current = max;
+    while (current >= min) {
+        // try to write out new value
+        std::string str_val = std::to_string(current);
+        std::ofstream of(path, std::fstream::out);
+        if (!of) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot open for writing: " << path;
+            return false;
+        }
+        of << str_val << std::endl;
+        of.close();
+
+        // check to make sure it was recorded
+        inf.seekg(0);
+        std::string str_rec;
+        inf >> str_rec;
+        if (str_val.compare(str_rec) == 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+        current--;
+    }
+    inf.close();
+
+    if (current < min) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to set minimum option value " << min << " in " << path;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+#define MMAP_RND_PATH "/proc/sys/vm/mmap_rnd_bits"
+#define MMAP_RND_COMPAT_PATH "/proc/sys/vm/mmap_rnd_compat_bits"
+
+// __attribute__((unused)) due to lack of mips support: see mips block in SetMmapRndBitsAction
+static bool __attribute__((unused)) SetMmapRndBitsMin(int start, int min, bool compat) {
+    std::string path;
+    if (compat) {
+        path = MMAP_RND_COMPAT_PATH;
+    } else {
+        path = MMAP_RND_PATH;
+    }
+
+    return SetHighestAvailableOptionValue(path, min, start);
+}
+
+// Set /proc/sys/vm/mmap_rnd_bits and potentially
+// /proc/sys/vm/mmap_rnd_compat_bits to the maximum supported values.
+// Returns -1 if unable to set these to an acceptable value.
+//
+// To support this sysctl, the following upstream commits are needed:
+//
+// d07e22597d1d mm: mmap: add new /proc tunable for mmap_base ASLR
+// e0c25d958f78 arm: mm: support ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS
+// 8f0d3aa9de57 arm64: mm: support ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS
+// 9e08f57d684a x86: mm: support ARCH_MMAP_RND_BITS
+// ec9ee4acd97c drivers: char: random: add get_random_long()
+// 5ef11c35ce86 mm: ASLR: use get_random_long()
+Result<Success> SetMmapRndBitsAction(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+// values are arch-dependent
+#if defined(USER_MODE_LINUX)
+    // uml does not support mmap_rnd_bits
+    return Success();
+#elif defined(__aarch64__)
+    // arm64 supports 18 - 33 bits depending on pagesize and VA_SIZE
+    if (SetMmapRndBitsMin(33, 24, false) && SetMmapRndBitsMin(16, 16, true)) {
+        return Success();
+    }
+#elif defined(__x86_64__)
+    // x86_64 supports 28 - 32 bits
+    if (SetMmapRndBitsMin(32, 32, false) && SetMmapRndBitsMin(16, 16, true)) {
+        return Success();
+    }
+#elif defined(__arm__) || defined(__i386__)
+    // check to see if we're running on 64-bit kernel
+    bool h64 = !access(MMAP_RND_COMPAT_PATH, F_OK);
+    // supported 32-bit architecture must have 16 bits set
+    if (SetMmapRndBitsMin(16, 16, h64)) {
+        return Success();
+    }
+#elif defined(__mips__) || defined(__mips64__)
+    // TODO: add mips support b/27788820
+    return Success();
+#else
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown architecture";
+#endif
+
+    LOG(FATAL) << "Unable to set adequate mmap entropy value!";
+    return Error();
+}
+
+#define KPTR_RESTRICT_PATH "/proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict"
+#define KPTR_RESTRICT_MINVALUE 2
+#define KPTR_RESTRICT_MAXVALUE 4
+
+// Set kptr_restrict to the highest available level.
+//
+// Aborts if unable to set this to an acceptable value.
+Result<Success> SetKptrRestrictAction(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    std::string path = KPTR_RESTRICT_PATH;
+
+    if (!SetHighestAvailableOptionValue(path, KPTR_RESTRICT_MINVALUE, KPTR_RESTRICT_MAXVALUE)) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Unable to set adequate kptr_restrict value!";
+        return Error();
+    }
+    return Success();
+}
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/signal_handler.h b/init/security.h
similarity index 62%
copy from init/signal_handler.h
copy to init/security.h
index f7881ab..31e5790 100644
--- a/init/signal_handler.h
+++ b/init/security.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,13 +14,20 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _INIT_SIGNAL_HANDLER_H_
-#define _INIT_SIGNAL_HANDLER_H_
+#ifndef _INIT_SECURITY_H
+#define _INIT_SECURITY_H
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "result.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-void signal_handler_init(void);
+Result<Success> MixHwrngIntoLinuxRngAction(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+Result<Success> SetMmapRndBitsAction(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+Result<Success> SetKptrRestrictAction(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
 
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/selinux.cpp b/init/selinux.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f7ad13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/selinux.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+// This file contains the functions that initialize SELinux during boot as well as helper functions
+// for SELinux operation for init.
+
+// When the system boots, there is no SEPolicy present and init is running in the kernel domain.
+// Init loads the SEPolicy from the file system, restores the context of /init based on this
+// SEPolicy, and finally exec()'s itself to run in the proper domain.
+
+// The SEPolicy on Android comes in two variants: monolithic and split.
+
+// The monolithic policy variant is for legacy non-treble devices that contain a single SEPolicy
+// file located at /sepolicy and is directly loaded into the kernel SELinux subsystem.
+
+// The split policy is for supporting treble devices.  It splits the SEPolicy across files on
+// /system/etc/selinux (the 'plat' portion of the policy) and /vendor/etc/selinux (the 'nonplat'
+// portion of the policy).  This is necessary to allow the system image to be updated independently
+// of the vendor image, while maintaining contributions from both partitions in the SEPolicy.  This
+// is especially important for VTS testing, where the SEPolicy on the Google System Image may not be
+// identical to the system image shipped on a vendor's device.
+
+// The split SEPolicy is loaded as described below:
+// 1) There is a precompiled SEPolicy located at /vendor/etc/selinux/precompiled_sepolicy.
+//    Stored along with this file is the sha256 hash of the parts of the SEPolicy on /system that
+//    were used to compile this precompiled policy.  The system partition contains a similar sha256
+//    of the parts of the SEPolicy that it currently contains.  If these two hashes match, then the
+//    system loads this precompiled_sepolicy directly.
+// 2) If these hashes do not match, then /system has been updated out of sync with /vendor and the
+//    init needs to compile the SEPolicy.  /system contains the SEPolicy compiler, secilc, and it
+//    is used by the LoadSplitPolicy() function below to compile the SEPolicy to a temp directory
+//    and load it.  That function contains even more documentation with the specific implementation
+//    details of how the SEPolicy is compiled if needed.
+
+#include "selinux.h"
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <selinux/android.h>
+
+#include "log.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+using android::base::Timer;
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+namespace {
+
+selabel_handle* sehandle = nullptr;
+
+enum EnforcingStatus { SELINUX_PERMISSIVE, SELINUX_ENFORCING };
+
+EnforcingStatus StatusFromCmdline() {
+    EnforcingStatus status = SELINUX_ENFORCING;
+
+    import_kernel_cmdline(false,
+                          [&](const std::string& key, const std::string& value, bool in_qemu) {
+                              if (key == "androidboot.selinux" && value == "permissive") {
+                                  status = SELINUX_PERMISSIVE;
+                              }
+                          });
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+bool IsEnforcing() {
+    if (ALLOW_PERMISSIVE_SELINUX) {
+        return StatusFromCmdline() == SELINUX_ENFORCING;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Forks, executes the provided program in the child, and waits for the completion in the parent.
+// Child's stderr is captured and logged using LOG(ERROR).
+bool ForkExecveAndWaitForCompletion(const char* filename, char* const argv[]) {
+    // Create a pipe used for redirecting child process's output.
+    // * pipe_fds[0] is the FD the parent will use for reading.
+    // * pipe_fds[1] is the FD the child will use for writing.
+    int pipe_fds[2];
+    if (pipe(pipe_fds) == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create pipe";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    pid_t child_pid = fork();
+    if (child_pid == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to fork for " << filename;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (child_pid == 0) {
+        // fork succeeded -- this is executing in the child process
+
+        // Close the pipe FD not used by this process
+        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(close(pipe_fds[0]));
+
+        // Redirect stderr to the pipe FD provided by the parent
+        if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup2(pipe_fds[1], STDERR_FILENO)) == -1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to redirect stderr of " << filename;
+            _exit(127);
+            return false;
+        }
+        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(close(pipe_fds[1]));
+
+        if (execv(filename, argv) == -1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to execve " << filename;
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Unreachable because execve will have succeeded and replaced this code
+        // with child process's code.
+        _exit(127);
+        return false;
+    } else {
+        // fork succeeded -- this is executing in the original/parent process
+
+        // Close the pipe FD not used by this process
+        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(close(pipe_fds[1]));
+
+        // Log the redirected output of the child process.
+        // It's unfortunate that there's no standard way to obtain an istream for a file descriptor.
+        // As a result, we're buffering all output and logging it in one go at the end of the
+        // invocation, instead of logging it as it comes in.
+        const int child_out_fd = pipe_fds[0];
+        std::string child_output;
+        if (!android::base::ReadFdToString(child_out_fd, &child_output)) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to capture full output of " << filename;
+        }
+        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(close(child_out_fd));
+        if (!child_output.empty()) {
+            // Log captured output, line by line, because LOG expects to be invoked for each line
+            std::istringstream in(child_output);
+            std::string line;
+            while (std::getline(in, line)) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << filename << ": " << line;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Wait for child to terminate
+        int status;
+        if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(waitpid(child_pid, &status, 0)) != child_pid) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to wait for " << filename;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
+            int status_code = WEXITSTATUS(status);
+            if (status_code == 0) {
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                LOG(ERROR) << filename << " exited with status " << status_code;
+            }
+        } else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << filename << " killed by signal " << WTERMSIG(status);
+        } else if (WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << filename << " stopped by signal " << WSTOPSIG(status);
+        } else {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "waitpid for " << filename << " returned unexpected status: " << status;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+bool ReadFirstLine(const char* file, std::string* line) {
+    line->clear();
+
+    std::string contents;
+    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(file, &contents, true /* follow symlinks */)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    std::istringstream in(contents);
+    std::getline(in, *line);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool FindPrecompiledSplitPolicy(std::string* file) {
+    file->clear();
+    // If there is an odm partition, precompiled_sepolicy will be in
+    // odm/etc/selinux. Otherwise it will be in vendor/etc/selinux.
+    static constexpr const char vendor_precompiled_sepolicy[] =
+        "/vendor/etc/selinux/precompiled_sepolicy";
+    static constexpr const char odm_precompiled_sepolicy[] =
+        "/odm/etc/selinux/precompiled_sepolicy";
+    if (access(odm_precompiled_sepolicy, R_OK) == 0) {
+        *file = odm_precompiled_sepolicy;
+    } else if (access(vendor_precompiled_sepolicy, R_OK) == 0) {
+        *file = vendor_precompiled_sepolicy;
+    } else {
+        PLOG(INFO) << "No precompiled sepolicy";
+        return false;
+    }
+    std::string actual_plat_id;
+    if (!ReadFirstLine("/system/etc/selinux/plat_and_mapping_sepolicy.cil.sha256", &actual_plat_id)) {
+        PLOG(INFO) << "Failed to read "
+                      "/system/etc/selinux/plat_and_mapping_sepolicy.cil.sha256";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::string precompiled_plat_id;
+    std::string precompiled_sha256 = *file + ".plat_and_mapping.sha256";
+    if (!ReadFirstLine(precompiled_sha256.c_str(), &precompiled_plat_id)) {
+        PLOG(INFO) << "Failed to read " << precompiled_sha256;
+        file->clear();
+        return false;
+    }
+    if ((actual_plat_id.empty()) || (actual_plat_id != precompiled_plat_id)) {
+        file->clear();
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GetVendorMappingVersion(std::string* plat_vers) {
+    if (!ReadFirstLine("/vendor/etc/selinux/plat_sepolicy_vers.txt", plat_vers)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read /vendor/etc/selinux/plat_sepolicy_vers.txt";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (plat_vers->empty()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "No version present in plat_sepolicy_vers.txt";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+constexpr const char plat_policy_cil_file[] = "/system/etc/selinux/plat_sepolicy.cil";
+
+bool IsSplitPolicyDevice() {
+    return access(plat_policy_cil_file, R_OK) != -1;
+}
+
+bool LoadSplitPolicy() {
+    // IMPLEMENTATION NOTE: Split policy consists of three CIL files:
+    // * platform -- policy needed due to logic contained in the system image,
+    // * non-platform -- policy needed due to logic contained in the vendor image,
+    // * mapping -- mapping policy which helps preserve forward-compatibility of non-platform policy
+    //   with newer versions of platform policy.
+    //
+    // secilc is invoked to compile the above three policy files into a single monolithic policy
+    // file. This file is then loaded into the kernel.
+
+    // Load precompiled policy from vendor image, if a matching policy is found there. The policy
+    // must match the platform policy on the system image.
+    std::string precompiled_sepolicy_file;
+    if (FindPrecompiledSplitPolicy(&precompiled_sepolicy_file)) {
+        unique_fd fd(open(precompiled_sepolicy_file.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_BINARY));
+        if (fd != -1) {
+            if (selinux_android_load_policy_from_fd(fd, precompiled_sepolicy_file.c_str()) < 0) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to load SELinux policy from " << precompiled_sepolicy_file;
+                return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    // No suitable precompiled policy could be loaded
+
+    LOG(INFO) << "Compiling SELinux policy";
+
+    // Determine the highest policy language version supported by the kernel
+    set_selinuxmnt("/sys/fs/selinux");
+    int max_policy_version = security_policyvers();
+    if (max_policy_version == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to determine highest policy version supported by kernel";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // We store the output of the compilation on /dev because this is the most convenient tmpfs
+    // storage mount available this early in the boot sequence.
+    char compiled_sepolicy[] = "/dev/sepolicy.XXXXXX";
+    unique_fd compiled_sepolicy_fd(mkostemp(compiled_sepolicy, O_CLOEXEC));
+    if (compiled_sepolicy_fd < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create temporary file " << compiled_sepolicy;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Determine which mapping file to include
+    std::string vend_plat_vers;
+    if (!GetVendorMappingVersion(&vend_plat_vers)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    std::string mapping_file("/system/etc/selinux/mapping/" + vend_plat_vers + ".cil");
+
+    // vendor_sepolicy.cil and nonplat_declaration.cil are the new design to replace
+    // nonplat_sepolicy.cil.
+    std::string nonplat_declaration_cil_file("/vendor/etc/selinux/nonplat_declaration.cil");
+    std::string vendor_policy_cil_file("/vendor/etc/selinux/vendor_sepolicy.cil");
+
+    if (access(vendor_policy_cil_file.c_str(), F_OK) == -1) {
+        // For backward compatibility.
+        // TODO: remove this after no device is using nonplat_sepolicy.cil.
+        vendor_policy_cil_file = "/vendor/etc/selinux/nonplat_sepolicy.cil";
+        nonplat_declaration_cil_file.clear();
+    } else if (access(nonplat_declaration_cil_file.c_str(), F_OK) == -1) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Missing " << nonplat_declaration_cil_file;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // odm_sepolicy.cil is default but optional.
+    std::string odm_policy_cil_file("/odm/etc/selinux/odm_sepolicy.cil");
+    if (access(odm_policy_cil_file.c_str(), F_OK) == -1) {
+        odm_policy_cil_file.clear();
+    }
+    const std::string version_as_string = std::to_string(max_policy_version);
+
+    // clang-format off
+    std::vector<const char*> compile_args {
+        "/system/bin/secilc",
+        plat_policy_cil_file,
+        "-M", "true", "-G", "-N",
+        // Target the highest policy language version supported by the kernel
+        "-c", version_as_string.c_str(),
+        mapping_file.c_str(),
+        "-o", compiled_sepolicy,
+        // We don't care about file_contexts output by the compiler
+        "-f", "/sys/fs/selinux/null",  // /dev/null is not yet available
+    };
+    // clang-format on
+
+    if (!nonplat_declaration_cil_file.empty()) {
+        compile_args.push_back(nonplat_declaration_cil_file.c_str());
+    }
+    if (!vendor_policy_cil_file.empty()) {
+        compile_args.push_back(vendor_policy_cil_file.c_str());
+    }
+    if (!odm_policy_cil_file.empty()) {
+        compile_args.push_back(odm_policy_cil_file.c_str());
+    }
+    compile_args.push_back(nullptr);
+
+    if (!ForkExecveAndWaitForCompletion(compile_args[0], (char**)compile_args.data())) {
+        unlink(compiled_sepolicy);
+        return false;
+    }
+    unlink(compiled_sepolicy);
+
+    LOG(INFO) << "Loading compiled SELinux policy";
+    if (selinux_android_load_policy_from_fd(compiled_sepolicy_fd, compiled_sepolicy) < 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to load SELinux policy from " << compiled_sepolicy;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool LoadMonolithicPolicy() {
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << "Loading SELinux policy from monolithic file";
+    if (selinux_android_load_policy() < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to load monolithic SELinux policy";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool LoadPolicy() {
+    return IsSplitPolicyDevice() ? LoadSplitPolicy() : LoadMonolithicPolicy();
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+void SelinuxInitialize() {
+    Timer t;
+
+    LOG(INFO) << "Loading SELinux policy";
+    if (!LoadPolicy()) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Unable to load SELinux policy";
+    }
+
+    bool kernel_enforcing = (security_getenforce() == 1);
+    bool is_enforcing = IsEnforcing();
+    if (kernel_enforcing != is_enforcing) {
+        if (security_setenforce(is_enforcing)) {
+            PLOG(FATAL) << "security_setenforce(%s) failed" << (is_enforcing ? "true" : "false");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (auto result = WriteFile("/sys/fs/selinux/checkreqprot", "0"); !result) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Unable to write to /sys/fs/selinux/checkreqprot: " << result.error();
+    }
+
+    // init's first stage can't set properties, so pass the time to the second stage.
+    setenv("INIT_SELINUX_TOOK", std::to_string(t.duration().count()).c_str(), 1);
+}
+
+// The files and directories that were created before initial sepolicy load or
+// files on ramdisk need to have their security context restored to the proper
+// value. This must happen before /dev is populated by ueventd.
+void SelinuxRestoreContext() {
+    LOG(INFO) << "Running restorecon...";
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/dev", 0);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/kmsg", 0);
+    if constexpr (WORLD_WRITABLE_KMSG) {
+        selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/kmsg_debug", 0);
+    }
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/socket", 0);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/random", 0);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/urandom", 0);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/__properties__", 0);
+
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/file_contexts.bin", 0);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/plat_file_contexts", 0);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/nonplat_file_contexts", 0);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/plat_property_contexts", 0);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/nonplat_property_contexts", 0);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/plat_seapp_contexts", 0);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/nonplat_seapp_contexts", 0);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/plat_service_contexts", 0);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/nonplat_service_contexts", 0);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/plat_hwservice_contexts", 0);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/nonplat_hwservice_contexts", 0);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/sepolicy", 0);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/vndservice_contexts", 0);
+
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/block", SELINUX_ANDROID_RESTORECON_RECURSE);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/device-mapper", 0);
+
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/sbin/mke2fs_static", 0);
+    selinux_android_restorecon("/sbin/e2fsdroid_static", 0);
+}
+
+// This function sets up SELinux logging to be written to kmsg, to match init's logging.
+void SelinuxSetupKernelLogging() {
+    selinux_callback cb;
+    cb.func_log = selinux_klog_callback;
+    selinux_set_callback(SELINUX_CB_LOG, cb);
+}
+
+// selinux_android_file_context_handle() takes on the order of 10+ms to run, so we want to cache
+// its value.  selinux_android_restorecon() also needs an sehandle for file context look up.  It
+// will create and store its own copy, but selinux_android_set_sehandle() can be used to provide
+// one, thus eliminating an extra call to selinux_android_file_context_handle().
+void SelabelInitialize() {
+    sehandle = selinux_android_file_context_handle();
+    selinux_android_set_sehandle(sehandle);
+}
+
+// A C++ wrapper around selabel_lookup() using the cached sehandle.
+// If sehandle is null, this returns success with an empty context.
+bool SelabelLookupFileContext(const std::string& key, int type, std::string* result) {
+    result->clear();
+
+    if (!sehandle) return true;
+
+    char* context;
+    if (selabel_lookup(sehandle, &context, key.c_str(), type) != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *result = context;
+    free(context);
+    return true;
+}
+
+// A C++ wrapper around selabel_lookup_best_match() using the cached sehandle.
+// If sehandle is null, this returns success with an empty context.
+bool SelabelLookupFileContextBestMatch(const std::string& key,
+                                       const std::vector<std::string>& aliases, int type,
+                                       std::string* result) {
+    result->clear();
+
+    if (!sehandle) return true;
+
+    std::vector<const char*> c_aliases;
+    for (const auto& alias : aliases) {
+        c_aliases.emplace_back(alias.c_str());
+    }
+    c_aliases.emplace_back(nullptr);
+
+    char* context;
+    if (selabel_lookup_best_match(sehandle, &context, key.c_str(), &c_aliases[0], type) != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *result = context;
+    free(context);
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/selinux.h b/init/selinux.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b880ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/selinux.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _INIT_SELINUX_H
+#define _INIT_SELINUX_H
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+void SelinuxInitialize();
+void SelinuxRestoreContext();
+
+void SelinuxSetupKernelLogging();
+
+void SelabelInitialize();
+bool SelabelLookupFileContext(const std::string& key, int type, std::string* result);
+bool SelabelLookupFileContextBestMatch(const std::string& key,
+                                       const std::vector<std::string>& aliases, int type,
+                                       std::string* result);
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif
diff --git a/init/service.cpp b/init/service.cpp
index f9a452b..86b910a 100644
--- a/init/service.cpp
+++ b/init/service.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <processgroup/processgroup.h>
@@ -42,11 +43,13 @@
 
 #include "init.h"
 #include "property_service.h"
+#include "rlimit_parser.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 using android::base::boot_clock;
 using android::base::GetProperty;
 using android::base::Join;
+using android::base::make_scope_guard;
 using android::base::ParseInt;
 using android::base::StartsWith;
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
@@ -55,22 +58,20 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-static std::string ComputeContextFromExecutable(std::string& service_name,
-                                                const std::string& service_path) {
+static Result<std::string> ComputeContextFromExecutable(std::string& service_name,
+                                                        const std::string& service_path) {
     std::string computed_context;
 
     char* raw_con = nullptr;
     char* raw_filecon = nullptr;
 
     if (getcon(&raw_con) == -1) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "could not get context while starting '" << service_name << "'";
-        return "";
+        return Error() << "Could not get security context";
     }
     std::unique_ptr<char> mycon(raw_con);
 
     if (getfilecon(service_path.c_str(), &raw_filecon) == -1) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "could not get file context while starting '" << service_name << "'";
-        return "";
+        return Error() << "Could not get file context";
     }
     std::unique_ptr<char> filecon(raw_filecon);
 
@@ -82,12 +83,14 @@
         free(new_con);
     }
     if (rc == 0 && computed_context == mycon.get()) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "service " << service_name << " does not have a SELinux domain defined";
-        return "";
+        return Error() << "File " << service_path << "(labeled \"" << filecon.get()
+                       << "\") has incorrect label or no domain transition from " << mycon.get()
+                       << " to another SELinux domain defined. Have you configured your "
+                          "service correctly? https://source.android.com/security/selinux/"
+                          "device-policy#label_new_services_and_address_denials";
     }
     if (rc < 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "could not get context while starting '" << service_name << "'";
-        return "";
+        return Error() << "Could not get process context";
     }
     return computed_context;
 }
@@ -132,46 +135,28 @@
     }
 }
 
-static void ExpandArgs(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::vector<char*>* strs) {
+static bool ExpandArgsAndExecv(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     std::vector<std::string> expanded_args;
+    std::vector<char*> c_strings;
+
     expanded_args.resize(args.size());
-    strs->push_back(const_cast<char*>(args[0].c_str()));
+    c_strings.push_back(const_cast<char*>(args[0].data()));
     for (std::size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); ++i) {
         if (!expand_props(args[i], &expanded_args[i])) {
             LOG(FATAL) << args[0] << ": cannot expand '" << args[i] << "'";
         }
-        strs->push_back(const_cast<char*>(expanded_args[i].c_str()));
+        c_strings.push_back(expanded_args[i].data());
     }
-    strs->push_back(nullptr);
+    c_strings.push_back(nullptr);
+
+    return execv(c_strings[0], c_strings.data()) == 0;
 }
 
-ServiceEnvironmentInfo::ServiceEnvironmentInfo() {
-}
-
-ServiceEnvironmentInfo::ServiceEnvironmentInfo(const std::string& name,
-                                               const std::string& value)
-    : name(name), value(value) {
-}
+unsigned long Service::next_start_order_ = 1;
+bool Service::is_exec_service_running_ = false;
 
 Service::Service(const std::string& name, const std::vector<std::string>& args)
-    : name_(name),
-      classnames_({"default"}),
-      flags_(0),
-      pid_(0),
-      crash_count_(0),
-      uid_(0),
-      gid_(0),
-      namespace_flags_(0),
-      seclabel_(""),
-      onrestart_(false, "<Service '" + name + "' onrestart>", 0),
-      keychord_id_(0),
-      ioprio_class_(IoSchedClass_NONE),
-      ioprio_pri_(0),
-      priority_(0),
-      oom_score_adjust_(-1000),
-      args_(args) {
-    onrestart_.InitSingleTrigger("onrestart");
-}
+    : Service(name, 0, 0, 0, {}, 0, 0, "", args) {}
 
 Service::Service(const std::string& name, unsigned flags, uid_t uid, gid_t gid,
                  const std::vector<gid_t>& supp_gids, const CapSet& capabilities,
@@ -194,6 +179,10 @@
       ioprio_pri_(0),
       priority_(0),
       oom_score_adjust_(-1000),
+      swappiness_(-1),
+      soft_limit_in_bytes_(-1),
+      limit_in_bytes_(-1),
+      start_order_(0),
       args_(args) {
     onrestart_.InitSingleTrigger("onrestart");
 }
@@ -209,7 +198,10 @@
 
     if (new_state == "running") {
         uint64_t start_ns = time_started_.time_since_epoch().count();
-        property_set("ro.boottime." + name_, std::to_string(start_ns));
+        std::string boottime_property = "ro.boottime." + name_;
+        if (GetProperty(boottime_property, "").empty()) {
+            property_set(boottime_property, std::to_string(start_ns));
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -233,10 +225,23 @@
 }
 
 void Service::SetProcessAttributes() {
+    for (const auto& rlimit : rlimits_) {
+        if (setrlimit(rlimit.first, &rlimit.second) == -1) {
+            LOG(FATAL) << StringPrintf("setrlimit(%d, {rlim_cur=%ld, rlim_max=%ld}) failed",
+                                       rlimit.first, rlimit.second.rlim_cur, rlimit.second.rlim_max);
+        }
+    }
     // Keep capabilites on uid change.
     if (capabilities_.any() && uid_) {
-        if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS | SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED) != 0) {
-            PLOG(FATAL) << "prtcl(PR_SET_KEEPCAPS) failed for " << name_;
+        // If Android is running in a container, some securebits might already
+        // be locked, so don't change those.
+        unsigned long securebits = prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS);
+        if (securebits == -1UL) {
+            PLOG(FATAL) << "prctl(PR_GET_SECUREBITS) failed for " << name_;
+        }
+        securebits |= SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS | SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED;
+        if (prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS, securebits) != 0) {
+            PLOG(FATAL) << "prctl(PR_SET_SECUREBITS) failed for " << name_;
         }
     }
 
@@ -282,12 +287,13 @@
     std::for_each(descriptors_.begin(), descriptors_.end(),
                   std::bind(&DescriptorInfo::Clean, std::placeholders::_1));
 
-    if (flags_ & SVC_TEMPORARY) {
-        return;
-    }
+    if (flags_ & SVC_EXEC) UnSetExec();
+
+    if (flags_ & SVC_TEMPORARY) return;
 
     pid_ = 0;
     flags_ &= (~SVC_RUNNING);
+    start_order_ = 0;
 
     // Oneshot processes go into the disabled state on exit,
     // except when manually restarted.
@@ -306,8 +312,7 @@
     if ((flags_ & SVC_CRITICAL) && !(flags_ & SVC_RESTART)) {
         if (now < time_crashed_ + 4min) {
             if (++crash_count_ > 4) {
-                LOG(ERROR) << "critical process '" << name_ << "' exited 4 times in 4 minutes";
-                panic();
+                LOG(FATAL) << "critical process '" << name_ << "' exited 4 times in 4 minutes";
             }
         } else {
             time_crashed_ = now;
@@ -333,12 +338,12 @@
                   [] (const auto& info) { LOG(INFO) << *info; });
 }
 
-bool Service::ParseCapabilities(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseCapabilities(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     capabilities_ = 0;
 
     if (!CapAmbientSupported()) {
-        *err = "capabilities requested but the kernel does not support ambient capabilities";
-        return false;
+        return Error()
+               << "capabilities requested but the kernel does not support ambient capabilities";
     }
 
     unsigned int last_valid_cap = GetLastValidCap();
@@ -350,74 +355,71 @@
         const std::string& arg = args[i];
         int res = LookupCap(arg);
         if (res < 0) {
-            *err = StringPrintf("invalid capability '%s'", arg.c_str());
-            return false;
+            return Error() << StringPrintf("invalid capability '%s'", arg.c_str());
         }
         unsigned int cap = static_cast<unsigned int>(res);  // |res| is >= 0.
         if (cap > last_valid_cap) {
-            *err = StringPrintf("capability '%s' not supported by the kernel", arg.c_str());
-            return false;
+            return Error() << StringPrintf("capability '%s' not supported by the kernel",
+                                           arg.c_str());
         }
         capabilities_[cap] = true;
     }
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::ParseClass(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseClass(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     classnames_ = std::set<std::string>(args.begin() + 1, args.end());
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::ParseConsole(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseConsole(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     flags_ |= SVC_CONSOLE;
     console_ = args.size() > 1 ? "/dev/" + args[1] : "";
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::ParseCritical(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseCritical(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     flags_ |= SVC_CRITICAL;
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::ParseDisabled(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseDisabled(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     flags_ |= SVC_DISABLED;
     flags_ |= SVC_RC_DISABLED;
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::ParseGroup(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
-    std::string decode_uid_err;
-    if (!DecodeUid(args[1], &gid_, &decode_uid_err)) {
-        *err = "Unable to find GID for '" + args[1] + "': " + decode_uid_err;
-        return false;
+Result<Success> Service::ParseGroup(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    auto gid = DecodeUid(args[1]);
+    if (!gid) {
+        return Error() << "Unable to decode GID for '" << args[1] << "': " << gid.error();
     }
+    gid_ = *gid;
+
     for (std::size_t n = 2; n < args.size(); n++) {
-        gid_t gid;
-        if (!DecodeUid(args[n], &gid, &decode_uid_err)) {
-            *err = "Unable to find GID for '" + args[n] + "': " + decode_uid_err;
-            return false;
+        gid = DecodeUid(args[n]);
+        if (!gid) {
+            return Error() << "Unable to decode GID for '" << args[n] << "': " << gid.error();
         }
-        supp_gids_.emplace_back(gid);
+        supp_gids_.emplace_back(*gid);
     }
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::ParsePriority(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParsePriority(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     priority_ = 0;
     if (!ParseInt(args[1], &priority_,
                   static_cast<int>(ANDROID_PRIORITY_HIGHEST), // highest is negative
                   static_cast<int>(ANDROID_PRIORITY_LOWEST))) {
-        *err = StringPrintf("process priority value must be range %d - %d",
-                ANDROID_PRIORITY_HIGHEST, ANDROID_PRIORITY_LOWEST);
-        return false;
+        return Error() << StringPrintf("process priority value must be range %d - %d",
+                                       ANDROID_PRIORITY_HIGHEST, ANDROID_PRIORITY_LOWEST);
     }
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::ParseIoprio(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseIoprio(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     if (!ParseInt(args[2], &ioprio_pri_, 0, 7)) {
-        *err = "priority value must be range 0 - 7";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "priority value must be range 0 - 7";
     }
 
     if (args[1] == "rt") {
@@ -427,14 +429,13 @@
     } else if (args[1] == "idle") {
         ioprio_class_ = IoSchedClass_IDLE;
     } else {
-        *err = "ioprio option usage: ioprio <rt|be|idle> <0-7>";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "ioprio option usage: ioprio <rt|be|idle> <0-7>";
     }
 
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::ParseKeycodes(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseKeycodes(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     for (std::size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); i++) {
         int code;
         if (ParseInt(args[i], &code)) {
@@ -443,22 +444,24 @@
             LOG(WARNING) << "ignoring invalid keycode: " << args[i];
         }
     }
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::ParseOneshot(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseOneshot(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     flags_ |= SVC_ONESHOT;
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::ParseOnrestart(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseOnrestart(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     std::vector<std::string> str_args(args.begin() + 1, args.end());
     int line = onrestart_.NumCommands() + 1;
-    onrestart_.AddCommand(str_args, line, err);
-    return true;
+    if (auto result = onrestart_.AddCommand(str_args, line); !result) {
+        return Error() << "cannot add Onrestart command: " << result.error();
+    }
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::ParseNamespace(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseNamespace(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     for (size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); i++) {
         if (args[i] == "pid") {
             namespace_flags_ |= CLONE_NEWPID;
@@ -467,103 +470,133 @@
         } else if (args[i] == "mnt") {
             namespace_flags_ |= CLONE_NEWNS;
         } else {
-            *err = "namespace must be 'pid' or 'mnt'";
-            return false;
+            return Error() << "namespace must be 'pid' or 'mnt'";
         }
     }
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::ParseOomScoreAdjust(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseOomScoreAdjust(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     if (!ParseInt(args[1], &oom_score_adjust_, -1000, 1000)) {
-        *err = "oom_score_adjust value must be in range -1000 - +1000";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "oom_score_adjust value must be in range -1000 - +1000";
     }
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::ParseSeclabel(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseMemcgSwappiness(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &swappiness_, 0)) {
+        return Error() << "swappiness value must be equal or greater than 0";
+    }
+    return Success();
+}
+
+Result<Success> Service::ParseMemcgLimitInBytes(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &limit_in_bytes_, 0)) {
+        return Error() << "limit_in_bytes value must be equal or greater than 0";
+    }
+    return Success();
+}
+
+Result<Success> Service::ParseMemcgSoftLimitInBytes(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &soft_limit_in_bytes_, 0)) {
+        return Error() << "soft_limit_in_bytes value must be equal or greater than 0";
+    }
+    return Success();
+}
+
+Result<Success> Service::ParseProcessRlimit(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    auto rlimit = ParseRlimit(args);
+    if (!rlimit) return rlimit.error();
+
+    rlimits_.emplace_back(*rlimit);
+    return Success();
+}
+
+Result<Success> Service::ParseSeclabel(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     seclabel_ = args[1];
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::ParseSetenv(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
-    envvars_.emplace_back(args[1], args[2]);
-    return true;
+Result<Success> Service::ParseSetenv(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    environment_vars_.emplace_back(args[1], args[2]);
+    return Success();
+}
+
+Result<Success> Service::ParseShutdown(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    if (args[1] == "critical") {
+        flags_ |= SVC_SHUTDOWN_CRITICAL;
+        return Success();
+    }
+    return Error() << "Invalid shutdown option";
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-bool Service::AddDescriptor(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::AddDescriptor(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     int perm = args.size() > 3 ? std::strtoul(args[3].c_str(), 0, 8) : -1;
-    uid_t uid = 0;
-    gid_t gid = 0;
+    Result<uid_t> uid = 0;
+    Result<gid_t> gid = 0;
     std::string context = args.size() > 6 ? args[6] : "";
 
-    std::string decode_uid_err;
     if (args.size() > 4) {
-        if (!DecodeUid(args[4], &uid, &decode_uid_err)) {
-            *err = "Unable to find UID for '" + args[4] + "': " + decode_uid_err;
-            return false;
+        uid = DecodeUid(args[4]);
+        if (!uid) {
+            return Error() << "Unable to find UID for '" << args[4] << "': " << uid.error();
         }
     }
 
     if (args.size() > 5) {
-        if (!DecodeUid(args[5], &gid, &decode_uid_err)) {
-            *err = "Unable to find GID for '" + args[5] + "': " + decode_uid_err;
-            return false;
+        gid = DecodeUid(args[5]);
+        if (!gid) {
+            return Error() << "Unable to find GID for '" << args[5] << "': " << gid.error();
         }
     }
 
-    auto descriptor = std::make_unique<T>(args[1], args[2], uid, gid, perm, context);
+    auto descriptor = std::make_unique<T>(args[1], args[2], *uid, *gid, perm, context);
 
     auto old =
         std::find_if(descriptors_.begin(), descriptors_.end(),
                      [&descriptor] (const auto& other) { return descriptor.get() == other.get(); });
 
     if (old != descriptors_.end()) {
-        *err = "duplicate descriptor " + args[1] + " " + args[2];
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "duplicate descriptor " << args[1] << " " << args[2];
     }
 
     descriptors_.emplace_back(std::move(descriptor));
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
 // name type perm [ uid gid context ]
-bool Service::ParseSocket(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseSocket(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     if (!StartsWith(args[2], "dgram") && !StartsWith(args[2], "stream") &&
         !StartsWith(args[2], "seqpacket")) {
-        *err = "socket type must be 'dgram', 'stream' or 'seqpacket'";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "socket type must be 'dgram', 'stream' or 'seqpacket'";
     }
-    return AddDescriptor<SocketInfo>(args, err);
+    return AddDescriptor<SocketInfo>(args);
 }
 
 // name type perm [ uid gid context ]
-bool Service::ParseFile(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseFile(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     if (args[2] != "r" && args[2] != "w" && args[2] != "rw") {
-        *err = "file type must be 'r', 'w' or 'rw'";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "file type must be 'r', 'w' or 'rw'";
     }
     if ((args[1][0] != '/') || (args[1].find("../") != std::string::npos)) {
-        *err = "file name must not be relative";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "file name must not be relative";
     }
-    return AddDescriptor<FileInfo>(args, err);
+    return AddDescriptor<FileInfo>(args);
 }
 
-bool Service::ParseUser(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
-    std::string decode_uid_err;
-    if (!DecodeUid(args[1], &uid_, &decode_uid_err)) {
-        *err = "Unable to find UID for '" + args[1] + "': " + decode_uid_err;
-        return false;
+Result<Success> Service::ParseUser(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    auto uid = DecodeUid(args[1]);
+    if (!uid) {
+        return Error() << "Unable to find UID for '" << args[1] << "': " << uid.error();
     }
-    return true;
+    uid_ = *uid;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::ParseWritepid(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseWritepid(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     writepid_files_.assign(args.begin() + 1, args.end());
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
 class Service::OptionParserMap : public KeywordMap<OptionParser> {
@@ -592,9 +625,17 @@
         {"onrestart",   {1,     kMax, &Service::ParseOnrestart}},
         {"oom_score_adjust",
                         {1,     1,    &Service::ParseOomScoreAdjust}},
+        {"memcg.swappiness",
+                        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseMemcgSwappiness}},
+        {"memcg.soft_limit_in_bytes",
+                        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseMemcgSoftLimitInBytes}},
+        {"memcg.limit_in_bytes",
+                        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseMemcgLimitInBytes}},
         {"namespace",   {1,     2,    &Service::ParseNamespace}},
+        {"rlimit",      {3,     3,    &Service::ParseProcessRlimit}},
         {"seclabel",    {1,     1,    &Service::ParseSeclabel}},
         {"setenv",      {2,     2,    &Service::ParseSetenv}},
+        {"shutdown",    {1,     1,    &Service::ParseShutdown}},
         {"socket",      {3,     6,    &Service::ParseSocket}},
         {"file",        {2,     2,    &Service::ParseFile}},
         {"user",        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseUser}},
@@ -604,30 +645,33 @@
     return option_parsers;
 }
 
-bool Service::ParseLine(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseLine(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     static const OptionParserMap parser_map;
-    auto parser = parser_map.FindFunction(args, err);
+    auto parser = parser_map.FindFunction(args);
 
-    if (!parser) {
-        return false;
-    }
+    if (!parser) return parser.error();
 
-    return (this->*parser)(args, err);
+    return std::invoke(*parser, this, args);
 }
 
-bool Service::ExecStart(std::unique_ptr<Timer>* exec_waiter) {
-    flags_ |= SVC_EXEC | SVC_ONESHOT;
+Result<Success> Service::ExecStart() {
+    flags_ |= SVC_ONESHOT;
 
-    exec_waiter->reset(new Timer);
-
-    if (!Start()) {
-        exec_waiter->reset();
-        return false;
+    if (auto result = Start(); !result) {
+        return result;
     }
-    return true;
+
+    flags_ |= SVC_EXEC;
+    is_exec_service_running_ = true;
+
+    LOG(INFO) << "SVC_EXEC pid " << pid_ << " (uid " << uid_ << " gid " << gid_ << "+"
+              << supp_gids_.size() << " context " << (!seclabel_.empty() ? seclabel_ : "default")
+              << ") started; waiting...";
+
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::Start() {
+Result<Success> Service::Start() {
     // Starting a service removes it from the disabled or reset state and
     // immediately takes it out of the restarting state if it was in there.
     flags_ &= (~(SVC_DISABLED|SVC_RESTARTING|SVC_RESET|SVC_RESTART|SVC_DISABLED_START));
@@ -636,7 +680,8 @@
     // process of exiting, we've ensured that they will immediately restart
     // on exit, unless they are ONESHOT.
     if (flags_ & SVC_RUNNING) {
-        return false;
+        // It is not an error to try to start a service that is already running.
+        return Success();
     }
 
     bool needs_console = (flags_ & SVC_CONSOLE);
@@ -649,28 +694,27 @@
         // properly registered for the device node
         int console_fd = open(console_.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
         if (console_fd < 0) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "service '" << name_ << "' couldn't open console '" << console_ << "'";
             flags_ |= SVC_DISABLED;
-            return false;
+            return ErrnoError() << "Couldn't open console '" << console_ << "'";
         }
         close(console_fd);
     }
 
     struct stat sb;
     if (stat(args_[0].c_str(), &sb) == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "cannot find '" << args_[0] << "', disabling '" << name_ << "'";
         flags_ |= SVC_DISABLED;
-        return false;
+        return ErrnoError() << "Cannot find '" << args_[0] << "'";
     }
 
     std::string scon;
     if (!seclabel_.empty()) {
         scon = seclabel_;
     } else {
-        scon = ComputeContextFromExecutable(name_, args_[0]);
-        if (scon == "") {
-            return false;
+        auto result = ComputeContextFromExecutable(name_, args_[0]);
+        if (!result) {
+            return result.error();
         }
+        scon = *result;
     }
 
     LOG(INFO) << "starting service '" << name_ << "'...";
@@ -691,8 +735,8 @@
             SetUpPidNamespace(name_);
         }
 
-        for (const auto& ei : envvars_) {
-            add_environment(ei.name.c_str(), ei.value.c_str());
+        for (const auto& [key, value] : environment_vars_) {
+            setenv(key.c_str(), value.c_str(), 1);
         }
 
         std::for_each(descriptors_.begin(), descriptors_.end(),
@@ -745,19 +789,16 @@
         // priority. Aborts on failure.
         SetProcessAttributes();
 
-        std::vector<char*> strs;
-        ExpandArgs(args_, &strs);
-        if (execve(strs[0], (char**) &strs[0], (char**) ENV) < 0) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "cannot execve('" << strs[0] << "')";
+        if (!ExpandArgsAndExecv(args_)) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "cannot execve('" << args_[0] << "')";
         }
 
         _exit(127);
     }
 
     if (pid < 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "failed to fork for '" << name_ << "'";
         pid_ = 0;
-        return false;
+        return ErrnoError() << "Failed to fork";
     }
 
     if (oom_score_adjust_ != -1000) {
@@ -771,39 +812,52 @@
     time_started_ = boot_clock::now();
     pid_ = pid;
     flags_ |= SVC_RUNNING;
+    start_order_ = next_start_order_++;
     process_cgroup_empty_ = false;
 
     errno = -createProcessGroup(uid_, pid_);
     if (errno != 0) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "createProcessGroup(" << uid_ << ", " << pid_ << ") failed for service '"
                     << name_ << "'";
-    }
+    } else {
+        if (swappiness_ != -1) {
+            if (!setProcessGroupSwappiness(uid_, pid_, swappiness_)) {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "setProcessGroupSwappiness failed";
+            }
+        }
 
-    if ((flags_ & SVC_EXEC) != 0) {
-        LOG(INFO) << "SVC_EXEC pid " << pid_ << " (uid " << uid_ << " gid " << gid_ << "+"
-                  << supp_gids_.size() << " context "
-                  << (!seclabel_.empty() ? seclabel_ : "default") << ") started; waiting...";
+        if (soft_limit_in_bytes_ != -1) {
+            if (!setProcessGroupSoftLimit(uid_, pid_, soft_limit_in_bytes_)) {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "setProcessGroupSoftLimit failed";
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (limit_in_bytes_ != -1) {
+            if (!setProcessGroupLimit(uid_, pid_, limit_in_bytes_)) {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "setProcessGroupLimit failed";
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     NotifyStateChange("running");
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::StartIfNotDisabled() {
+Result<Success> Service::StartIfNotDisabled() {
     if (!(flags_ & SVC_DISABLED)) {
         return Start();
     } else {
         flags_ |= SVC_DISABLED_START;
     }
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool Service::Enable() {
+Result<Success> Service::Enable() {
     flags_ &= ~(SVC_DISABLED | SVC_RC_DISABLED);
     if (flags_ & SVC_DISABLED_START) {
         return Start();
     }
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
 void Service::Reset() {
@@ -829,26 +883,12 @@
         StopOrReset(SVC_RESTART);
     } else if (!(flags_ & SVC_RESTARTING)) {
         /* Just start the service since it's not running. */
-        Start();
+        if (auto result = Start(); !result) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Could not restart '" << name_ << "': " << result.error();
+        }
     } /* else: Service is restarting anyways. */
 }
 
-void Service::RestartIfNeeded(time_t* process_needs_restart_at) {
-    boot_clock::time_point now = boot_clock::now();
-    boot_clock::time_point next_start = time_started_ + 5s;
-    if (now > next_start) {
-        flags_ &= (~SVC_RESTARTING);
-        Start();
-        return;
-    }
-
-    time_t next_start_time_t = time(nullptr) +
-        time_t(std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(next_start - now).count());
-    if (next_start_time_t < *process_needs_restart_at || *process_needs_restart_at == 0) {
-        *process_needs_restart_at = next_start_time_t;
-    }
-}
-
 // The how field should be either SVC_DISABLED, SVC_RESET, or SVC_RESTART.
 void Service::StopOrReset(int how) {
     // The service is still SVC_RUNNING until its process exits, but if it has
@@ -894,50 +934,18 @@
     close(fd);
 }
 
-int ServiceManager::exec_count_ = 0;
+ServiceList::ServiceList() {}
 
-ServiceManager::ServiceManager() {
-}
-
-ServiceManager& ServiceManager::GetInstance() {
-    static ServiceManager instance;
+ServiceList& ServiceList::GetInstance() {
+    static ServiceList instance;
     return instance;
 }
 
-void ServiceManager::AddService(std::unique_ptr<Service> service) {
+void ServiceList::AddService(std::unique_ptr<Service> service) {
     services_.emplace_back(std::move(service));
 }
 
-bool ServiceManager::Exec(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    Service* svc = MakeExecOneshotService(args);
-    if (!svc) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not create exec service";
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (!svc->ExecStart(&exec_waiter_)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not start exec service";
-        ServiceManager::GetInstance().RemoveService(*svc);
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool ServiceManager::ExecStart(const std::string& name) {
-    Service* svc = FindServiceByName(name);
-    if (!svc) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "ExecStart(" << name << "): Service not found";
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (!svc->ExecStart(&exec_waiter_)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "ExecStart(" << name << "): Could not start Service";
-        return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool ServiceManager::IsWaitingForExec() const { return exec_waiter_ != nullptr; }
-
-Service* ServiceManager::MakeExecOneshotService(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+std::unique_ptr<Service> Service::MakeTemporaryOneshotService(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     // Parse the arguments: exec [SECLABEL [UID [GID]*] --] COMMAND ARGS...
     // SECLABEL can be a - to denote default
     std::size_t command_arg = 1;
@@ -958,10 +966,11 @@
     }
     std::vector<std::string> str_args(args.begin() + command_arg, args.end());
 
-    exec_count_++;
-    std::string name = "exec " + std::to_string(exec_count_) + " (" + Join(str_args, " ") + ")";
+    static size_t exec_count = 0;
+    exec_count++;
+    std::string name = "exec " + std::to_string(exec_count) + " (" + Join(str_args, " ") + ")";
 
-    unsigned flags = SVC_EXEC | SVC_ONESHOT | SVC_TEMPORARY;
+    unsigned flags = SVC_ONESHOT | SVC_TEMPORARY;
     CapSet no_capabilities;
     unsigned namespace_flags = 0;
 
@@ -969,100 +978,50 @@
     if (command_arg > 2 && args[1] != "-") {
         seclabel = args[1];
     }
-    uid_t uid = 0;
+    Result<uid_t> uid = 0;
     if (command_arg > 3) {
-        std::string decode_uid_err;
-        if (!DecodeUid(args[2], &uid, &decode_uid_err)) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to find UID for '" << args[2] << "': " << decode_uid_err;
+        uid = DecodeUid(args[2]);
+        if (!uid) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to decode UID for '" << args[2] << "': " << uid.error();
             return nullptr;
         }
     }
-    gid_t gid = 0;
+    Result<gid_t> gid = 0;
     std::vector<gid_t> supp_gids;
     if (command_arg > 4) {
-        std::string decode_uid_err;
-        if (!DecodeUid(args[3], &gid, &decode_uid_err)) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to find GID for '" << args[3] << "': " << decode_uid_err;
+        gid = DecodeUid(args[3]);
+        if (!gid) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to decode GID for '" << args[3] << "': " << gid.error();
             return nullptr;
         }
         std::size_t nr_supp_gids = command_arg - 1 /* -- */ - 4 /* exec SECLABEL UID GID */;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < nr_supp_gids; ++i) {
-            gid_t supp_gid;
-            if (!DecodeUid(args[4 + i], &supp_gid, &decode_uid_err)) {
-                LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to find UID for '" << args[4 + i] << "': " << decode_uid_err;
+            auto supp_gid = DecodeUid(args[4 + i]);
+            if (!supp_gid) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to decode GID for '" << args[4 + i]
+                           << "': " << supp_gid.error();
                 return nullptr;
             }
-            supp_gids.push_back(supp_gid);
+            supp_gids.push_back(*supp_gid);
         }
     }
 
-    auto svc_p = std::make_unique<Service>(name, flags, uid, gid, supp_gids, no_capabilities,
-                                           namespace_flags, seclabel, str_args);
-    Service* svc = svc_p.get();
-    services_.emplace_back(std::move(svc_p));
-
-    return svc;
+    return std::make_unique<Service>(name, flags, *uid, *gid, supp_gids, no_capabilities,
+                                     namespace_flags, seclabel, str_args);
 }
 
-Service* ServiceManager::FindServiceByName(const std::string& name) const {
-    auto svc = std::find_if(services_.begin(), services_.end(),
-                            [&name] (const std::unique_ptr<Service>& s) {
-                                return name == s->name();
-                            });
-    if (svc != services_.end()) {
-        return svc->get();
+// Shutdown services in the opposite order that they were started.
+const std::vector<Service*> ServiceList::services_in_shutdown_order() const {
+    std::vector<Service*> shutdown_services;
+    for (const auto& service : services_) {
+        if (service->start_order() > 0) shutdown_services.emplace_back(service.get());
     }
-    return nullptr;
+    std::sort(shutdown_services.begin(), shutdown_services.end(),
+              [](const auto& a, const auto& b) { return a->start_order() > b->start_order(); });
+    return shutdown_services;
 }
 
-Service* ServiceManager::FindServiceByPid(pid_t pid) const {
-    auto svc = std::find_if(services_.begin(), services_.end(),
-                            [&pid] (const std::unique_ptr<Service>& s) {
-                                return s->pid() == pid;
-                            });
-    if (svc != services_.end()) {
-        return svc->get();
-    }
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-Service* ServiceManager::FindServiceByKeychord(int keychord_id) const {
-    auto svc = std::find_if(services_.begin(), services_.end(),
-                            [&keychord_id] (const std::unique_ptr<Service>& s) {
-                                return s->keychord_id() == keychord_id;
-                            });
-
-    if (svc != services_.end()) {
-        return svc->get();
-    }
-    return nullptr;
-}
-
-void ServiceManager::ForEachService(const std::function<void(Service*)>& callback) const {
-    for (const auto& s : services_) {
-        callback(s.get());
-    }
-}
-
-void ServiceManager::ForEachServiceInClass(const std::string& classname,
-                                           void (*func)(Service* svc)) const {
-    for (const auto& s : services_) {
-        if (s->classnames().find(classname) != s->classnames().end()) {
-            func(s.get());
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void ServiceManager::ForEachServiceWithFlags(unsigned matchflags,
-                                             void (*func)(Service* svc)) const {
-    for (const auto& s : services_) {
-        if (s->flags() & matchflags) {
-            func(s.get());
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void ServiceManager::RemoveService(const Service& svc) {
+void ServiceList::RemoveService(const Service& svc) {
     auto svc_it = std::find_if(services_.begin(), services_.end(),
                                [&svc] (const std::unique_ptr<Service>& s) {
                                    return svc.name() == s->name();
@@ -1074,99 +1033,40 @@
     services_.erase(svc_it);
 }
 
-void ServiceManager::DumpState() const {
+void ServiceList::DumpState() const {
     for (const auto& s : services_) {
         s->DumpState();
     }
 }
 
-bool ServiceManager::ReapOneProcess() {
-    int status;
-    pid_t pid = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG));
-    if (pid == 0) {
-        return false;
-    } else if (pid == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "waitpid failed";
-        return false;
-    } else if (PropertyChildReap(pid)) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    Service* svc = FindServiceByPid(pid);
-
-    std::string name;
-    std::string wait_string;
-    if (svc) {
-        name = StringPrintf("Service '%s' (pid %d)", svc->name().c_str(), pid);
-        if (svc->flags() & SVC_EXEC) {
-            wait_string = StringPrintf(" waiting took %f seconds", exec_waiter_->duration_s());
-        }
-    } else {
-        name = StringPrintf("Untracked pid %d", pid);
-    }
-
-    if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
-        LOG(INFO) << name << " exited with status " << WEXITSTATUS(status) << wait_string;
-    } else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
-        LOG(INFO) << name << " killed by signal " << WTERMSIG(status) << wait_string;
-    } else if (WIFSTOPPED(status)) {
-        LOG(INFO) << name << " stopped by signal " << WSTOPSIG(status) << wait_string;
-    } else {
-        LOG(INFO) << name << " state changed" << wait_string;
-    }
-
-    if (!svc) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    svc->Reap();
-
-    if (svc->flags() & SVC_EXEC) {
-        exec_waiter_.reset();
-    }
-    if (svc->flags() & SVC_TEMPORARY) {
-        RemoveService(*svc);
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-void ServiceManager::ReapAnyOutstandingChildren() {
-    while (ReapOneProcess()) {
-    }
-}
-
-bool ServiceParser::ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, const std::string& filename,
-                                 int line, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> ServiceParser::ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args,
+                                            const std::string& filename, int line) {
     if (args.size() < 3) {
-        *err = "services must have a name and a program";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "services must have a name and a program";
     }
 
     const std::string& name = args[1];
     if (!IsValidName(name)) {
-        *err = StringPrintf("invalid service name '%s'", name.c_str());
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "invalid service name '" << name << "'";
     }
 
-    Service* old_service = service_manager_->FindServiceByName(name);
+    Service* old_service = service_list_->FindService(name);
     if (old_service) {
-        *err = "ignored duplicate definition of service '" + name + "'";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "ignored duplicate definition of service '" << name << "'";
     }
 
     std::vector<std::string> str_args(args.begin() + 2, args.end());
     service_ = std::make_unique<Service>(name, str_args);
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool ServiceParser::ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line, std::string* err) {
-    return service_ ? service_->ParseLine(std::move(args), err) : false;
+Result<Success> ServiceParser::ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line) {
+    return service_ ? service_->ParseLine(std::move(args)) : Success();
 }
 
 void ServiceParser::EndSection() {
     if (service_) {
-        service_manager_->AddService(std::move(service_));
+        service_list_->AddService(std::move(service_));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/init/service.h b/init/service.h
index 3c7dc74..67542ca 100644
--- a/init/service.h
+++ b/init/service.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef _INIT_SERVICE_H
 #define _INIT_SERVICE_H
 
+#include <sys/resource.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <memory>
@@ -30,9 +31,8 @@
 #include "action.h"
 #include "capabilities.h"
 #include "descriptors.h"
-#include "init_parser.h"
 #include "keyword_map.h"
-#include "util.h"
+#include "parser.h"
 
 #define SVC_DISABLED 0x001        // do not autostart with class
 #define SVC_ONESHOT 0x002         // do not restart on exit
@@ -58,13 +58,6 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-struct ServiceEnvironmentInfo {
-    ServiceEnvironmentInfo();
-    ServiceEnvironmentInfo(const std::string& name, const std::string& value);
-    std::string name;
-    std::string value;
-};
-
 class Service {
   public:
     Service(const std::string& name, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
@@ -74,26 +67,34 @@
             unsigned namespace_flags, const std::string& seclabel,
             const std::vector<std::string>& args);
 
+    static std::unique_ptr<Service> MakeTemporaryOneshotService(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
     bool IsRunning() { return (flags_ & SVC_RUNNING) != 0; }
-    bool ParseLine(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ExecStart(std::unique_ptr<Timer>* exec_waiter);
-    bool Start();
-    bool StartIfNotDisabled();
-    bool Enable();
+    Result<Success> ParseLine(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ExecStart();
+    Result<Success> Start();
+    Result<Success> StartIfNotDisabled();
+    Result<Success> Enable();
     void Reset();
     void Stop();
     void Terminate();
     void Restart();
-    void RestartIfNeeded(time_t* process_needs_restart_at);
     void Reap();
     void DumpState() const;
     void SetShutdownCritical() { flags_ |= SVC_SHUTDOWN_CRITICAL; }
     bool IsShutdownCritical() const { return (flags_ & SVC_SHUTDOWN_CRITICAL) != 0; }
+    void UnSetExec() {
+        is_exec_service_running_ = false;
+        flags_ &= ~SVC_EXEC;
+    }
+
+    static bool is_exec_service_running() { return is_exec_service_running_; }
 
     const std::string& name() const { return name_; }
     const std::set<std::string>& classnames() const { return classnames_; }
     unsigned flags() const { return flags_; }
     pid_t pid() const { return pid_; }
+    android::base::boot_clock::time_point time_started() const { return time_started_; }
     int crash_count() const { return crash_count_; }
     uid_t uid() const { return uid_; }
     gid_t gid() const { return gid_; }
@@ -108,11 +109,11 @@
     int priority() const { return priority_; }
     int oom_score_adjust() const { return oom_score_adjust_; }
     bool process_cgroup_empty() const { return process_cgroup_empty_; }
+    unsigned long start_order() const { return start_order_; }
     const std::vector<std::string>& args() const { return args_; }
 
   private:
-    using OptionParser = bool (Service::*) (const std::vector<std::string>& args,
-                                            std::string* err);
+    using OptionParser = Result<Success> (Service::*)(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
     class OptionParserMap;
 
     void NotifyStateChange(const std::string& new_state) const;
@@ -122,28 +123,36 @@
     void KillProcessGroup(int signal);
     void SetProcessAttributes();
 
-    bool ParseCapabilities(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string *err);
-    bool ParseClass(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParseConsole(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParseCritical(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParseDisabled(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParseGroup(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParsePriority(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParseIoprio(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParseKeycodes(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParseOneshot(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParseOnrestart(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParseOomScoreAdjust(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParseNamespace(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParseSeclabel(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParseSetenv(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParseSocket(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParseFile(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParseUser(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParseWritepid(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
+    Result<Success> ParseCapabilities(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseClass(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseConsole(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseCritical(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseDisabled(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseGroup(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParsePriority(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseIoprio(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseKeycodes(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseOneshot(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseOnrestart(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseOomScoreAdjust(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseMemcgLimitInBytes(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseMemcgSoftLimitInBytes(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseMemcgSwappiness(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseNamespace(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseProcessRlimit(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseSeclabel(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseSetenv(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseShutdown(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseSocket(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseFile(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseUser(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseWritepid(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
 
     template <typename T>
-    bool AddDescriptor(const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* err);
+    Result<Success> AddDescriptor(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+
+    static unsigned long next_start_order_;
+    static bool is_exec_service_running_;
 
     std::string name_;
     std::set<std::string> classnames_;
@@ -164,7 +173,7 @@
     std::string seclabel_;
 
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<DescriptorInfo>> descriptors_;
-    std::vector<ServiceEnvironmentInfo> envvars_;
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> environment_vars_;
 
     Action onrestart_;  // Commands to execute on restart.
 
@@ -180,59 +189,64 @@
 
     int oom_score_adjust_;
 
+    int swappiness_;
+    int soft_limit_in_bytes_;
+    int limit_in_bytes_;
+
     bool process_cgroup_empty_ = false;
 
+    unsigned long start_order_;
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<int, rlimit>> rlimits_;
+
     std::vector<std::string> args_;
 };
 
-class ServiceManager {
-public:
-    static ServiceManager& GetInstance();
+class ServiceList {
+  public:
+    static ServiceList& GetInstance();
 
     // Exposed for testing
-    ServiceManager();
+    ServiceList();
 
     void AddService(std::unique_ptr<Service> service);
-    Service* MakeExecOneshotService(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    bool Exec(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    bool ExecStart(const std::string& name);
-    bool IsWaitingForExec() const;
-    Service* FindServiceByName(const std::string& name) const;
-    Service* FindServiceByPid(pid_t pid) const;
-    Service* FindServiceByKeychord(int keychord_id) const;
-    void ForEachService(const std::function<void(Service*)>& callback) const;
-    void ForEachServiceInClass(const std::string& classname,
-                               void (*func)(Service* svc)) const;
-    void ForEachServiceWithFlags(unsigned matchflags,
-                             void (*func)(Service* svc)) const;
-    void ReapAnyOutstandingChildren();
     void RemoveService(const Service& svc);
+
+    template <typename T, typename F = decltype(&Service::name)>
+    Service* FindService(T value, F function = &Service::name) const {
+        auto svc = std::find_if(services_.begin(), services_.end(),
+                                [&function, &value](const std::unique_ptr<Service>& s) {
+                                    return std::invoke(function, s) == value;
+                                });
+        if (svc != services_.end()) {
+            return svc->get();
+        }
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
     void DumpState() const;
 
-private:
-    // Cleans up a child process that exited.
-    // Returns true iff a children was cleaned up.
-    bool ReapOneProcess();
+    auto begin() const { return services_.begin(); }
+    auto end() const { return services_.end(); }
+    const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Service>>& services() const { return services_; }
+    const std::vector<Service*> services_in_shutdown_order() const;
 
-    static int exec_count_; // Every service needs a unique name.
-    std::unique_ptr<Timer> exec_waiter_;
-
+  private:
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Service>> services_;
 };
 
 class ServiceParser : public SectionParser {
   public:
-    ServiceParser(ServiceManager* service_manager)
-        : service_manager_(service_manager), service_(nullptr) {}
-    bool ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, const std::string& filename, int line,
-                      std::string* err) override;
-    bool ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line, std::string* err) override;
+    ServiceParser(ServiceList* service_list) : service_list_(service_list), service_(nullptr) {}
+    Result<Success> ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, const std::string& filename,
+                                 int line) override;
+    Result<Success> ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line) override;
     void EndSection() override;
 
   private:
     bool IsValidName(const std::string& name) const;
 
-    ServiceManager* service_manager_;
+    ServiceList* service_list_;
     std::unique_ptr<Service> service_;
 };
 
diff --git a/init/service_test.cpp b/init/service_test.cpp
index 44f28a3..98d876f 100644
--- a/init/service_test.cpp
+++ b/init/service_test.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
+#include "util.h"
+
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
@@ -71,5 +73,120 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(service_in_old_memory->process_cgroup_empty());
 }
 
+TEST(service, make_temporary_oneshot_service_invalid_syntax) {
+    std::vector<std::string> args;
+    // Nothing.
+    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, Service::MakeTemporaryOneshotService(args));
+
+    // No arguments to 'exec'.
+    args.push_back("exec");
+    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, Service::MakeTemporaryOneshotService(args));
+
+    // No command in "exec --".
+    args.push_back("--");
+    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, Service::MakeTemporaryOneshotService(args));
+}
+
+TEST(service, make_temporary_oneshot_service_too_many_supplementary_gids) {
+    std::vector<std::string> args;
+    args.push_back("exec");
+    args.push_back("seclabel");
+    args.push_back("root");  // uid.
+    args.push_back("root");  // gid.
+    for (int i = 0; i < NR_SVC_SUPP_GIDS; ++i) {
+        args.push_back("root");  // Supplementary gid.
+    }
+    args.push_back("--");
+    args.push_back("/system/bin/id");
+    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, Service::MakeTemporaryOneshotService(args));
+}
+
+static void Test_make_temporary_oneshot_service(bool dash_dash, bool seclabel, bool uid, bool gid,
+                                                bool supplementary_gids) {
+    std::vector<std::string> args;
+    args.push_back("exec");
+    if (seclabel) {
+        args.push_back("u:r:su:s0");  // seclabel
+        if (uid) {
+            args.push_back("log");  // uid
+            if (gid) {
+                args.push_back("shell");  // gid
+                if (supplementary_gids) {
+                    args.push_back("system");  // supplementary gid 0
+                    args.push_back("adb");     // supplementary gid 1
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (dash_dash) {
+        args.push_back("--");
+    }
+    args.push_back("/system/bin/toybox");
+    args.push_back("id");
+    auto svc = Service::MakeTemporaryOneshotService(args);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, svc);
+
+    if (seclabel) {
+        ASSERT_EQ("u:r:su:s0", svc->seclabel());
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_EQ("", svc->seclabel());
+    }
+    if (uid) {
+        auto decoded_uid = DecodeUid("log");
+        ASSERT_TRUE(decoded_uid);
+        ASSERT_EQ(*decoded_uid, svc->uid());
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0U, svc->uid());
+    }
+    if (gid) {
+        auto decoded_uid = DecodeUid("shell");
+        ASSERT_TRUE(decoded_uid);
+        ASSERT_EQ(*decoded_uid, svc->gid());
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0U, svc->gid());
+    }
+    if (supplementary_gids) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(2U, svc->supp_gids().size());
+
+        auto decoded_uid = DecodeUid("system");
+        ASSERT_TRUE(decoded_uid);
+        ASSERT_EQ(*decoded_uid, svc->supp_gids()[0]);
+
+        decoded_uid = DecodeUid("adb");
+        ASSERT_TRUE(decoded_uid);
+        ASSERT_EQ(*decoded_uid, svc->supp_gids()[1]);
+    } else {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0U, svc->supp_gids().size());
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<std::size_t>(2), svc->args().size());
+    ASSERT_EQ("/system/bin/toybox", svc->args()[0]);
+    ASSERT_EQ("id", svc->args()[1]);
+}
+
+TEST(service, make_temporary_oneshot_service_with_everything) {
+    Test_make_temporary_oneshot_service(true, true, true, true, true);
+}
+
+TEST(service, make_temporary_oneshot_service_with_seclabel_uid_gid) {
+    Test_make_temporary_oneshot_service(true, true, true, true, false);
+}
+
+TEST(service, make_temporary_oneshot_service_with_seclabel_uid) {
+    Test_make_temporary_oneshot_service(true, true, true, false, false);
+}
+
+TEST(service, make_temporary_oneshot_service_with_seclabel) {
+    Test_make_temporary_oneshot_service(true, true, false, false, false);
+}
+
+TEST(service, make_temporary_oneshot_service_with_just_command) {
+    Test_make_temporary_oneshot_service(true, false, false, false, false);
+}
+
+TEST(service, make_temporary_oneshot_service_with_just_command_no_dash) {
+    Test_make_temporary_oneshot_service(false, false, false, false, false);
+}
+
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/sigchld_handler.cpp b/init/sigchld_handler.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fc9956
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/sigchld_handler.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "sigchld_handler.h"
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+
+#include "init.h"
+#include "property_service.h"
+#include "service.h"
+
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
+using android::base::boot_clock;
+using android::base::make_scope_guard;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+static int signal_write_fd = -1;
+static int signal_read_fd = -1;
+
+static bool ReapOneProcess() {
+    siginfo_t siginfo = {};
+    // This returns a zombie pid or informs us that there are no zombies left to be reaped.
+    // It does NOT reap the pid; that is done below.
+    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(waitid(P_ALL, 0, &siginfo, WEXITED | WNOHANG | WNOWAIT)) != 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "waitid failed";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto pid = siginfo.si_pid;
+    if (pid == 0) return false;
+
+    // At this point we know we have a zombie pid, so we use this scopeguard to reap the pid
+    // whenever the function returns from this point forward.
+    // We do NOT want to reap the zombie earlier as in Service::Reap(), we kill(-pid, ...) and we
+    // want the pid to remain valid throughout that (and potentially future) usages.
+    auto reaper = make_scope_guard([pid] { TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(waitpid(pid, nullptr, WNOHANG)); });
+
+    if (PropertyChildReap(pid)) return true;
+
+    Service* service = ServiceList::GetInstance().FindService(pid, &Service::pid);
+
+    std::string name;
+    std::string wait_string;
+    if (service) {
+        name = StringPrintf("Service '%s' (pid %d)", service->name().c_str(), pid);
+        if (service->flags() & SVC_EXEC) {
+            auto exec_duration = boot_clock::now() - service->time_started();
+            auto exec_duration_ms =
+                std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(exec_duration).count();
+            wait_string = StringPrintf(" waiting took %f seconds", exec_duration_ms / 1000.0f);
+        }
+    } else {
+        name = StringPrintf("Untracked pid %d", pid);
+    }
+
+    auto status = siginfo.si_status;
+    if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
+        LOG(INFO) << name << " exited with status " << WEXITSTATUS(status) << wait_string;
+    } else if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
+        LOG(INFO) << name << " killed by signal " << WTERMSIG(status) << wait_string;
+    }
+
+    if (!service) return true;
+
+    service->Reap();
+
+    if (service->flags() & SVC_TEMPORARY) {
+        ServiceList::GetInstance().RemoveService(*service);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void handle_signal() {
+    // Clear outstanding requests.
+    char buf[32];
+    read(signal_read_fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
+
+    ReapAnyOutstandingChildren();
+}
+
+static void SIGCHLD_handler(int) {
+    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(signal_write_fd, "1", 1)) == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "write(signal_write_fd) failed";
+    }
+}
+
+void ReapAnyOutstandingChildren() {
+    while (ReapOneProcess()) {
+    }
+}
+
+void sigchld_handler_init() {
+    // Create a signalling mechanism for SIGCHLD.
+    int s[2];
+    if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_NONBLOCK | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, s) == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "socketpair failed";
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    signal_write_fd = s[0];
+    signal_read_fd = s[1];
+
+    // Write to signal_write_fd if we catch SIGCHLD.
+    struct sigaction act;
+    memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
+    act.sa_handler = SIGCHLD_handler;
+    act.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP;
+    sigaction(SIGCHLD, &act, 0);
+
+    ReapAnyOutstandingChildren();
+
+    register_epoll_handler(signal_read_fd, handle_signal);
+}
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/signal_handler.h b/init/sigchld_handler.h
similarity index 84%
rename from init/signal_handler.h
rename to init/sigchld_handler.h
index f7881ab..c86dc8d 100644
--- a/init/signal_handler.h
+++ b/init/sigchld_handler.h
@@ -14,13 +14,15 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _INIT_SIGNAL_HANDLER_H_
-#define _INIT_SIGNAL_HANDLER_H_
+#ifndef _INIT_SIGCHLD_HANDLER_H_
+#define _INIT_SIGCHLD_HANDLER_H_
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-void signal_handler_init(void);
+void ReapAnyOutstandingChildren();
+
+void sigchld_handler_init(void);
 
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/signal_handler.cpp b/init/signal_handler.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index db1bfcf..0000000
--- a/init/signal_handler.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-
-#include "init.h"
-#include "service.h"
-
-namespace android {
-namespace init {
-
-static int signal_write_fd = -1;
-static int signal_read_fd = -1;
-
-static void handle_signal() {
-    // Clear outstanding requests.
-    char buf[32];
-    read(signal_read_fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
-
-    ServiceManager::GetInstance().ReapAnyOutstandingChildren();
-}
-
-static void SIGCHLD_handler(int) {
-    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(signal_write_fd, "1", 1)) == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "write(signal_write_fd) failed";
-    }
-}
-
-void signal_handler_init() {
-    // Create a signalling mechanism for SIGCHLD.
-    int s[2];
-    if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_NONBLOCK | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, s) == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "socketpair failed";
-        exit(1);
-    }
-
-    signal_write_fd = s[0];
-    signal_read_fd = s[1];
-
-    // Write to signal_write_fd if we catch SIGCHLD.
-    struct sigaction act;
-    memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
-    act.sa_handler = SIGCHLD_handler;
-    act.sa_flags = SA_NOCLDSTOP;
-    sigaction(SIGCHLD, &act, 0);
-
-    ServiceManager::GetInstance().ReapAnyOutstandingChildren();
-
-    register_epoll_handler(signal_read_fd, handle_signal);
-}
-
-}  // namespace init
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/tokenizer.cpp b/init/tokenizer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8d9b6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/tokenizer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#include "tokenizer.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+int next_token(struct parse_state *state)
+{
+    char *x = state->ptr;
+    char *s;
+
+    if (state->nexttoken) {
+        int t = state->nexttoken;
+        state->nexttoken = 0;
+        return t;
+    }
+
+    for (;;) {
+        switch (*x) {
+        case 0:
+            state->ptr = x;
+            return T_EOF;
+        case '\n':
+            x++;
+            state->ptr = x;
+            return T_NEWLINE;
+        case ' ':
+        case '\t':
+        case '\r':
+            x++;
+            continue;
+        case '#':
+            while (*x && (*x != '\n')) x++;
+            if (*x == '\n') {
+                state->ptr = x+1;
+                return T_NEWLINE;
+            } else {
+                state->ptr = x;
+                return T_EOF;
+            }
+        default:
+            goto text;
+        }
+    }
+
+textdone:
+    state->ptr = x;
+    *s = 0;
+    return T_TEXT;
+text:
+    state->text = s = x;
+textresume:
+    for (;;) {
+        switch (*x) {
+        case 0:
+            goto textdone;
+        case ' ':
+        case '\t':
+        case '\r':
+            x++;
+            goto textdone;
+        case '\n':
+            state->nexttoken = T_NEWLINE;
+            x++;
+            goto textdone;
+        case '"':
+            x++;
+            for (;;) {
+                switch (*x) {
+                case 0:
+                        /* unterminated quoted thing */
+                    state->ptr = x;
+                    return T_EOF;
+                case '"':
+                    x++;
+                    goto textresume;
+                default:
+                    *s++ = *x++;
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+        case '\\':
+            x++;
+            switch (*x) {
+            case 0:
+                goto textdone;
+            case 'n':
+                *s++ = '\n';
+                break;
+            case 'r':
+                *s++ = '\r';
+                break;
+            case 't':
+                *s++ = '\t';
+                break;
+            case '\\':
+                *s++ = '\\';
+                break;
+            case '\r':
+                    /* \ <cr> <lf> -> line continuation */
+                if (x[1] != '\n') {
+                    x++;
+                    continue;
+                }
+            case '\n':
+                    /* \ <lf> -> line continuation */
+                state->line++;
+                x++;
+                    /* eat any extra whitespace */
+                while((*x == ' ') || (*x == '\t')) x++;
+                continue;
+            default:
+                    /* unknown escape -- just copy */
+                *s++ = *x++;
+            }
+            continue;
+        default:
+            *s++ = *x++;
+        }
+    }
+    return T_EOF;
+}
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/signal_handler.h b/init/tokenizer.h
similarity index 74%
copy from init/signal_handler.h
copy to init/tokenizer.h
index f7881ab..72c08ef 100644
--- a/init/signal_handler.h
+++ b/init/tokenizer.h
@@ -14,13 +14,25 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _INIT_SIGNAL_HANDLER_H_
-#define _INIT_SIGNAL_HANDLER_H_
+#ifndef _INIT_TOKENIZER_H_
+#define _INIT_TOKENIZER_H_
+
+#define T_EOF 0
+#define T_TEXT 1
+#define T_NEWLINE 2
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-void signal_handler_init(void);
+struct parse_state
+{
+    char *ptr;
+    char *text;
+    int line;
+    int nexttoken;
+};
+
+int next_token(struct parse_state *state);
 
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/ueventd.cpp b/init/ueventd.cpp
index 81a0572..1435d82 100644
--- a/init/ueventd.cpp
+++ b/init/ueventd.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <set>
 #include <thread>
 
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <selinux/android.h>
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@
 #include "devices.h"
 #include "firmware_handler.h"
 #include "log.h"
+#include "selinux.h"
 #include "uevent_listener.h"
 #include "ueventd_parser.h"
 #include "util.h"
@@ -198,7 +200,7 @@
 }
 
 void ColdBoot::Run() {
-    Timer cold_boot_timer;
+    android::base::Timer cold_boot_timer;
 
     RegenerateUevents();
 
@@ -209,7 +211,7 @@
     WaitForSubProcesses();
 
     close(open(COLDBOOT_DONE, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_CLOEXEC, 0000));
-    LOG(INFO) << "Coldboot took " << cold_boot_timer;
+    LOG(INFO) << "Coldboot took " << cold_boot_timer.duration().count() / 1000.0f << " seconds";
 }
 
 DeviceHandler CreateDeviceHandler() {
@@ -221,10 +223,10 @@
     using namespace std::placeholders;
     std::vector<SysfsPermissions> sysfs_permissions;
     std::vector<Permissions> dev_permissions;
-    parser.AddSingleLineParser(
-        "/sys/", std::bind(ParsePermissionsLine, _1, _2, &sysfs_permissions, nullptr));
+    parser.AddSingleLineParser("/sys/",
+                               std::bind(ParsePermissionsLine, _1, &sysfs_permissions, nullptr));
     parser.AddSingleLineParser("/dev/",
-                               std::bind(ParsePermissionsLine, _1, _2, nullptr, &dev_permissions));
+                               std::bind(ParsePermissionsLine, _1, nullptr, &dev_permissions));
 
     parser.ParseConfig("/ueventd.rc");
     parser.ParseConfig("/vendor/ueventd.rc");
@@ -256,9 +258,8 @@
 
     LOG(INFO) << "ueventd started!";
 
-    selinux_callback cb;
-    cb.func_log = selinux_klog_callback;
-    selinux_set_callback(SELINUX_CB_LOG, cb);
+    SelinuxSetupKernelLogging();
+    SelabelInitialize();
 
     DeviceHandler device_handler = CreateDeviceHandler();
     UeventListener uevent_listener;
@@ -268,6 +269,13 @@
         cold_boot.Run();
     }
 
+    // We use waitpid() in ColdBoot, so we can't ignore SIGCHLD until now.
+    signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);
+    // Reap and pending children that exited between the last call to waitpid() and setting SIG_IGN
+    // for SIGCHLD above.
+    while (waitpid(-1, nullptr, WNOHANG) > 0) {
+    }
+
     uevent_listener.Poll([&device_handler](const Uevent& uevent) {
         HandleFirmwareEvent(uevent);
         device_handler.HandleDeviceEvent(uevent);
diff --git a/init/ueventd_parser.cpp b/init/ueventd_parser.cpp
index 02e0d42..cd7adb4 100644
--- a/init/ueventd_parser.cpp
+++ b/init/ueventd_parser.cpp
@@ -24,18 +24,16 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-bool ParsePermissionsLine(std::vector<std::string>&& args, std::string* err,
-                          std::vector<SysfsPermissions>* out_sysfs_permissions,
-                          std::vector<Permissions>* out_dev_permissions) {
+Result<Success> ParsePermissionsLine(std::vector<std::string>&& args,
+                                     std::vector<SysfsPermissions>* out_sysfs_permissions,
+                                     std::vector<Permissions>* out_dev_permissions) {
     bool is_sysfs = out_sysfs_permissions != nullptr;
     if (is_sysfs && args.size() != 5) {
-        *err = "/sys/ lines must have 5 entries";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "/sys/ lines must have 5 entries";
     }
 
     if (!is_sysfs && args.size() != 4) {
-        *err = "/dev/ lines must have 4 entries";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "/dev/ lines must have 4 entries";
     }
 
     auto it = args.begin();
@@ -49,23 +47,20 @@
     char* end_pointer = 0;
     mode_t perm = strtol(perm_string.c_str(), &end_pointer, 8);
     if (end_pointer == nullptr || *end_pointer != '\0') {
-        *err = "invalid mode '" + perm_string + "'";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "invalid mode '" << perm_string << "'";
     }
 
     std::string& uid_string = *it++;
     passwd* pwd = getpwnam(uid_string.c_str());
     if (!pwd) {
-        *err = "invalid uid '" + uid_string + "'";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "invalid uid '" << uid_string << "'";
     }
     uid_t uid = pwd->pw_uid;
 
     std::string& gid_string = *it++;
     struct group* grp = getgrnam(gid_string.c_str());
     if (!grp) {
-        *err = "invalid gid '" + gid_string + "'";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "invalid gid '" << gid_string << "'";
     }
     gid_t gid = grp->gr_gid;
 
@@ -74,53 +69,49 @@
     } else {
         out_dev_permissions->emplace_back(name, perm, uid, gid);
     }
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool SubsystemParser::ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, const std::string& filename,
-                                   int line, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> SubsystemParser::ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args,
+                                              const std::string& filename, int line) {
     if (args.size() != 2) {
-        *err = "subsystems must have exactly one name";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "subsystems must have exactly one name";
     }
 
     if (std::find(subsystems_->begin(), subsystems_->end(), args[1]) != subsystems_->end()) {
-        *err = "ignoring duplicate subsystem entry";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "ignoring duplicate subsystem entry";
     }
 
-    subsystem_.name_ = args[1];
+    subsystem_ = Subsystem(std::move(args[1]));
 
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool SubsystemParser::ParseDevName(std::vector<std::string>&& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> SubsystemParser::ParseDevName(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     if (args[1] == "uevent_devname") {
         subsystem_.devname_source_ = Subsystem::DevnameSource::DEVNAME_UEVENT_DEVNAME;
-        return true;
+        return Success();
     }
     if (args[1] == "uevent_devpath") {
         subsystem_.devname_source_ = Subsystem::DevnameSource::DEVNAME_UEVENT_DEVPATH;
-        return true;
+        return Success();
     }
 
-    *err = "invalid devname '" + args[1] + "'";
-    return false;
+    return Error() << "invalid devname '" << args[1] << "'";
 }
 
-bool SubsystemParser::ParseDirName(std::vector<std::string>&& args, std::string* err) {
+Result<Success> SubsystemParser::ParseDirName(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     if (args[1].front() != '/') {
-        *err = "dirname '" + args[1] + " ' does not start with '/'";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "dirname '" << args[1] << " ' does not start with '/'";
     }
 
     subsystem_.dir_name_ = args[1];
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-bool SubsystemParser::ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line, std::string* err) {
-    using OptionParser =
-        bool (SubsystemParser::*)(std::vector<std::string> && args, std::string * err);
+Result<Success> SubsystemParser::ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line) {
+    using OptionParser = Result<Success> (SubsystemParser::*)(std::vector<std::string> && args);
+
     static class OptionParserMap : public KeywordMap<OptionParser> {
       private:
         const Map& map() const override {
@@ -134,13 +125,11 @@
         }
     } parser_map;
 
-    auto parser = parser_map.FindFunction(args, err);
+    auto parser = parser_map.FindFunction(args);
 
-    if (!parser) {
-        return false;
-    }
+    if (!parser) return Error() << parser.error();
 
-    return (this->*parser)(std::move(args), err);
+    return std::invoke(*parser, this, std::move(args));
 }
 
 void SubsystemParser::EndSection() {
diff --git a/init/ueventd_parser.h b/init/ueventd_parser.h
index 592df63..18d1027 100644
--- a/init/ueventd_parser.h
+++ b/init/ueventd_parser.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "devices.h"
-#include "init_parser.h"
+#include "parser.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
@@ -29,22 +29,22 @@
 class SubsystemParser : public SectionParser {
   public:
     SubsystemParser(std::vector<Subsystem>* subsystems) : subsystems_(subsystems) {}
-    bool ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, const std::string& filename, int line,
-                      std::string* err) override;
-    bool ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line, std::string* err) override;
+    Result<Success> ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, const std::string& filename,
+                                 int line) override;
+    Result<Success> ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line) override;
     void EndSection() override;
 
   private:
-    bool ParseDevName(std::vector<std::string>&& args, std::string* err);
-    bool ParseDirName(std::vector<std::string>&& args, std::string* err);
+    Result<Success> ParseDevName(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseDirName(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
 
     Subsystem subsystem_;
     std::vector<Subsystem>* subsystems_;
 };
 
-bool ParsePermissionsLine(std::vector<std::string>&& args, std::string* err,
-                          std::vector<SysfsPermissions>* out_sysfs_permissions,
-                          std::vector<Permissions>* out_dev_permissions);
+Result<Success> ParsePermissionsLine(std::vector<std::string>&& args,
+                                     std::vector<SysfsPermissions>* out_sysfs_permissions,
+                                     std::vector<Permissions>* out_dev_permissions);
 
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/ueventd_test.cpp b/init/ueventd_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7290051
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/ueventd_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/futex.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
+#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <selinux/android.h>
+#include <selinux/label.h>
+#include <selinux/selinux.h>
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using namespace std::string_literals;
+
+template <typename T, typename F>
+void WriteFromMultipleThreads(std::vector<std::pair<std::string, T>>& files_and_parameters,
+                              F function) {
+    auto num_threads = files_and_parameters.size();
+    pthread_barrier_t barrier;
+    pthread_barrier_init(&barrier, nullptr, num_threads);
+    auto barrier_destroy =
+        android::base::make_scope_guard([&barrier]() { pthread_barrier_destroy(&barrier); });
+
+    auto make_thread_function = [&function, &barrier](const auto& file, const auto& parameter) {
+        return [&]() {
+            function(parameter);
+            pthread_barrier_wait(&barrier);
+            android::base::WriteStringToFile("<empty>", file);
+        };
+    };
+
+    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+    // TODO(b/63712782): Structured bindings + templated containers are broken in clang :(
+    // for (const auto& [file, parameter] : files_and_parameters) {
+    for (const auto& pair : files_and_parameters) {
+        const auto& file = pair.first;
+        const auto& parameter = pair.second;
+        threads.emplace_back(std::thread(make_thread_function(file, parameter)));
+    }
+
+    for (auto& thread : threads) {
+        thread.join();
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(ueventd, setegid_IsPerThread) {
+    if (getuid() != 0) {
+        GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "Skipping test, must be run as root.";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    TemporaryDir dir;
+
+    gid_t gid = 0;
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, gid_t>> files_and_gids;
+    std::generate_n(std::back_inserter(files_and_gids), 100, [&gid, &dir]() {
+        gid++;
+        return std::pair(dir.path + "/gid_"s + std::to_string(gid), gid);
+    });
+
+    WriteFromMultipleThreads(files_and_gids, [](gid_t gid) { EXPECT_EQ(0, setegid(gid)); });
+
+    for (const auto& [file, expected_gid] : files_and_gids) {
+        struct stat info;
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, stat(file.c_str(), &info));
+        EXPECT_EQ(expected_gid, info.st_gid);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(ueventd, setfscreatecon_IsPerThread) {
+    if (getuid() != 0) {
+        GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "Skipping test, must be run as root.";
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!is_selinux_enabled() || security_getenforce() == 1) {
+        GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "Skipping test, SELinux must be enabled and in permissive mode.";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const char* const contexts[] = {
+        "u:object_r:audio_device:s0",
+        "u:object_r:sensors_device:s0",
+        "u:object_r:video_device:s0"
+        "u:object_r:zero_device:s0",
+    };
+
+    TemporaryDir dir;
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> files_and_contexts;
+    for (const char* context : contexts) {
+        files_and_contexts.emplace_back(dir.path + "/context_"s + context, context);
+    }
+
+    WriteFromMultipleThreads(files_and_contexts, [](const std::string& context) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(0, setfscreatecon(context.c_str()));
+    });
+
+    for (const auto& [file, expected_context] : files_and_contexts) {
+        char* file_context;
+        ASSERT_GT(getfilecon(file.c_str(), &file_context), 0);
+        EXPECT_EQ(expected_context, file_context);
+        freecon(file_context);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(ueventd, selabel_lookup_MultiThreaded) {
+    if (getuid() != 0) {
+        GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "Skipping test, must be run as root.";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Test parameters
+    constexpr auto num_threads = 10;
+    constexpr auto run_time = 200ms;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<selabel_handle, decltype(&selabel_close)> sehandle(
+        selinux_android_file_context_handle(), &selabel_close);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(sehandle);
+
+    struct {
+        const char* file;
+        int mode;
+        std::string expected_context;
+    } files_and_modes[] = {
+        {"/dev/zero", 020666, ""},
+        {"/dev/null", 020666, ""},
+        {"/dev/random", 020666, ""},
+        {"/dev/urandom", 020666, ""},
+    };
+
+    // Precondition, ensure that we can lookup all of these from a single thread, and store the
+    // expected context for each.
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(files_and_modes); ++i) {
+        char* secontext;
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, selabel_lookup(sehandle.get(), &secontext, files_and_modes[i].file,
+                                    files_and_modes[i].mode));
+        files_and_modes[i].expected_context = secontext;
+        freecon(secontext);
+    }
+
+    // Now that we know we can access them, and what their context should be, run in parallel.
+    std::atomic_bool stopped = false;
+    std::atomic_uint num_api_failures = 0;
+    std::atomic_uint num_context_check_failures = 0;
+    std::atomic_uint num_successes = 0;
+
+    auto thread_function = [&]() {
+        while (!stopped) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(files_and_modes); ++i) {
+                char* secontext;
+                int result = selabel_lookup(sehandle.get(), &secontext, files_and_modes[i].file,
+                                            files_and_modes[i].mode);
+                if (result != 0) {
+                    num_api_failures++;
+                } else {
+                    if (files_and_modes[i].expected_context != secontext) {
+                        num_context_check_failures++;
+                    } else {
+                        num_successes++;
+                    }
+                    freecon(secontext);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+    std::generate_n(back_inserter(threads), num_threads,
+                    [&]() { return std::thread(thread_function); });
+
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(run_time);
+    stopped = true;
+    for (auto& thread : threads) {
+        thread.join();
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, num_api_failures);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, num_context_check_failures);
+    EXPECT_GT(num_successes, 0U);
+}
diff --git a/init/util.cpp b/init/util.cpp
index 4b1894f..a19a6f3 100644
--- a/init/util.cpp
+++ b/init/util.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #include <selinux/android.h>
 
 #include "reboot.h"
+#include "selinux.h"
 
 #ifdef _INIT_INIT_H
 #error "Do not include init.h in files used by ueventd or watchdogd; it will expose init's globals"
@@ -53,31 +54,23 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-// DecodeUid() - decodes and returns the given string, which can be either the
-// numeric or name representation, into the integer uid or gid. Returns
-// UINT_MAX on error.
-bool DecodeUid(const std::string& name, uid_t* uid, std::string* err) {
-    *uid = UINT_MAX;
-    *err = "";
+const std::string kDefaultAndroidDtDir("/proc/device-tree/firmware/android/");
 
+// DecodeUid() - decodes and returns the given string, which can be either the
+// numeric or name representation, into the integer uid or gid.
+Result<uid_t> DecodeUid(const std::string& name) {
     if (isalpha(name[0])) {
         passwd* pwd = getpwnam(name.c_str());
-        if (!pwd) {
-            *err = "getpwnam failed: "s + strerror(errno);
-            return false;
-        }
-        *uid = pwd->pw_uid;
-        return true;
+        if (!pwd) return ErrnoError() << "getpwnam failed";
+
+        return pwd->pw_uid;
     }
 
     errno = 0;
     uid_t result = static_cast<uid_t>(strtoul(name.c_str(), 0, 0));
-    if (errno) {
-        *err = "strtoul failed: "s + strerror(errno);
-        return false;
-    }
-    *uid = result;
-    return true;
+    if (errno) return ErrnoError() << "strtoul failed";
+
+    return result;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -87,7 +80,7 @@
  * variable ANDROID_SOCKET_ENV_PREFIX<name> ("ANDROID_SOCKET_foo").
  */
 int CreateSocket(const char* name, int type, bool passcred, mode_t perm, uid_t uid, gid_t gid,
-                 const char* socketcon, selabel_handle* sehandle) {
+                 const char* socketcon) {
     if (socketcon) {
         if (setsockcreatecon(socketcon) == -1) {
             PLOG(ERROR) << "setsockcreatecon(\"" << socketcon << "\") failed";
@@ -114,11 +107,9 @@
         return -1;
     }
 
-    char *filecon = NULL;
-    if (sehandle) {
-        if (selabel_lookup(sehandle, &filecon, addr.sun_path, S_IFSOCK) == 0) {
-            setfscreatecon(filecon);
-        }
+    std::string secontext;
+    if (SelabelLookupFileContext(addr.sun_path, S_IFSOCK, &secontext) && !secontext.empty()) {
+        setfscreatecon(secontext.c_str());
     }
 
     if (passcred) {
@@ -132,8 +123,9 @@
     int ret = bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof (addr));
     int savederrno = errno;
 
-    setfscreatecon(NULL);
-    freecon(filecon);
+    if (!secontext.empty()) {
+        setfscreatecon(nullptr);
+    }
 
     if (ret) {
         errno = savederrno;
@@ -162,75 +154,68 @@
     return -1;
 }
 
-bool ReadFile(const std::string& path, std::string* content, std::string* err) {
-    content->clear();
-    *err = "";
-
+Result<std::string> ReadFile(const std::string& path) {
     android::base::unique_fd fd(
         TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC)));
     if (fd == -1) {
-        *err = "Unable to open '" + path + "': " + strerror(errno);
-        return false;
+        return ErrnoError() << "open() failed";
     }
 
     // For security reasons, disallow world-writable
     // or group-writable files.
     struct stat sb;
     if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1) {
-        *err = "fstat failed for '" + path + "': " + strerror(errno);
-        return false;
+        return ErrnoError() << "fstat failed()";
     }
     if ((sb.st_mode & (S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH)) != 0) {
-        *err = "Skipping insecure file '" + path + "'";
-        return false;
+        return Error() << "Skipping insecure file";
     }
 
-    if (!android::base::ReadFdToString(fd, content)) {
-        *err = "Unable to read '" + path + "': " + strerror(errno);
-        return false;
+    std::string content;
+    if (!android::base::ReadFdToString(fd, &content)) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Unable to read file contents";
     }
-    return true;
+    return content;
 }
 
-bool WriteFile(const std::string& path, const std::string& content, std::string* err) {
-    *err = "";
-
+Result<Success> WriteFile(const std::string& path, const std::string& content) {
     android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
         open(path.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_NOFOLLOW | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0600)));
     if (fd == -1) {
-        *err = "Unable to open '" + path + "': " + strerror(errno);
-        return false;
+        return ErrnoError() << "open() failed";
     }
     if (!android::base::WriteStringToFd(content, fd)) {
-        *err = "Unable to write to '" + path + "': " + strerror(errno);
-        return false;
+        return ErrnoError() << "Unable to write file contents";
     }
-    return true;
+    return Success();
 }
 
-int mkdir_recursive(const std::string& path, mode_t mode, selabel_handle* sehandle) {
+bool mkdir_recursive(const std::string& path, mode_t mode) {
     std::string::size_type slash = 0;
     while ((slash = path.find('/', slash + 1)) != std::string::npos) {
         auto directory = path.substr(0, slash);
         struct stat info;
         if (stat(directory.c_str(), &info) != 0) {
-            auto ret = make_dir(directory.c_str(), mode, sehandle);
-            if (ret && errno != EEXIST) return ret;
+            auto ret = make_dir(directory, mode);
+            if (!ret && errno != EEXIST) return false;
         }
     }
-    auto ret = make_dir(path.c_str(), mode, sehandle);
-    if (ret && errno != EEXIST) return ret;
-    return 0;
+    auto ret = make_dir(path, mode);
+    if (!ret && errno != EEXIST) return false;
+    return true;
 }
 
 int wait_for_file(const char* filename, std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout) {
-    boot_clock::time_point timeout_time = boot_clock::now() + timeout;
-    while (boot_clock::now() < timeout_time) {
+    android::base::Timer t;
+    while (t.duration() < timeout) {
         struct stat sb;
-        if (stat(filename, &sb) != -1) return 0;
-
+        if (stat(filename, &sb) != -1) {
+            LOG(INFO) << "wait for '" << filename << "' took " << t;
+            return 0;
+        }
         std::this_thread::sleep_for(10ms);
     }
+    LOG(WARNING) << "wait for '" << filename << "' timed out and took " << t;
     return -1;
 }
 
@@ -247,26 +232,21 @@
     }
 }
 
-int make_dir(const char* path, mode_t mode, selabel_handle* sehandle) {
-    int rc;
-
-    char *secontext = NULL;
-
-    if (sehandle) {
-        selabel_lookup(sehandle, &secontext, path, mode);
-        setfscreatecon(secontext);
+bool make_dir(const std::string& path, mode_t mode) {
+    std::string secontext;
+    if (SelabelLookupFileContext(path, mode, &secontext) && !secontext.empty()) {
+        setfscreatecon(secontext.c_str());
     }
 
-    rc = mkdir(path, mode);
+    int rc = mkdir(path.c_str(), mode);
 
-    if (secontext) {
+    if (!secontext.empty()) {
         int save_errno = errno;
-        freecon(secontext);
-        setfscreatecon(NULL);
+        setfscreatecon(nullptr);
         errno = save_errno;
     }
 
-    return rc;
+    return rc == 0;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -368,20 +348,31 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-void panic() {
-    LOG(ERROR) << "panic: rebooting to bootloader";
-    DoReboot(ANDROID_RB_RESTART2, "reboot", "bootloader", false);
+static std::string init_android_dt_dir() {
+    // Use the standard procfs-based path by default
+    std::string android_dt_dir = kDefaultAndroidDtDir;
+    // The platform may specify a custom Android DT path in kernel cmdline
+    import_kernel_cmdline(false,
+                          [&](const std::string& key, const std::string& value, bool in_qemu) {
+                              if (key == "androidboot.android_dt_dir") {
+                                  android_dt_dir = value;
+                              }
+                          });
+    LOG(INFO) << "Using Android DT directory " << android_dt_dir;
+    return android_dt_dir;
 }
 
-std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Timer& t) {
-    os << t.duration_s() << " seconds";
-    return os;
+// FIXME: The same logic is duplicated in system/core/fs_mgr/
+const std::string& get_android_dt_dir() {
+    // Set once and saves time for subsequent calls to this function
+    static const std::string kAndroidDtDir = init_android_dt_dir();
+    return kAndroidDtDir;
 }
 
-// Reads the content of device tree file under kAndroidDtDir directory.
+// Reads the content of device tree file under the platform's Android DT directory.
 // Returns true if the read is success, false otherwise.
 bool read_android_dt_file(const std::string& sub_path, std::string* dt_content) {
-    const std::string file_name = kAndroidDtDir + sub_path;
+    const std::string file_name = get_android_dt_dir() + sub_path;
     if (android::base::ReadFileToString(file_name, dt_content)) {
         if (!dt_content->empty()) {
             dt_content->pop_back();  // Trims the trailing '\0' out.
diff --git a/init/util.h b/init/util.h
index 346953f..2cfcf6c 100644
--- a/init/util.h
+++ b/init/util.h
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@
 #include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <selinux/label.h>
 
-#define COLDBOOT_DONE "/dev/.coldboot_done"
+#include "result.h"
 
-const std::string kAndroidDtDir("/proc/device-tree/firmware/android/");
+#define COLDBOOT_DONE "/dev/.coldboot_done"
 
 using android::base::boot_clock;
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
@@ -39,45 +39,26 @@
 namespace init {
 
 int CreateSocket(const char* name, int type, bool passcred, mode_t perm, uid_t uid, gid_t gid,
-                 const char* socketcon, selabel_handle* sehandle);
+                 const char* socketcon);
 
-bool ReadFile(const std::string& path, std::string* content, std::string* err);
-bool WriteFile(const std::string& path, const std::string& content, std::string* err);
+Result<std::string> ReadFile(const std::string& path);
+Result<Success> WriteFile(const std::string& path, const std::string& content);
 
-class Timer {
-  public:
-    Timer() : start_(boot_clock::now()) {}
+Result<uid_t> DecodeUid(const std::string& name);
 
-    double duration_s() const {
-        typedef std::chrono::duration<double> double_duration;
-        return std::chrono::duration_cast<double_duration>(boot_clock::now() - start_).count();
-    }
-
-    int64_t duration_ms() const {
-        return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(boot_clock::now() - start_)
-            .count();
-    }
-
-  private:
-    android::base::boot_clock::time_point start_;
-};
-
-std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Timer& t);
-
-bool DecodeUid(const std::string& name, uid_t* uid, std::string* err);
-
-int mkdir_recursive(const std::string& pathname, mode_t mode, selabel_handle* sehandle);
+bool mkdir_recursive(const std::string& pathname, mode_t mode);
 int wait_for_file(const char *filename, std::chrono::nanoseconds timeout);
 void import_kernel_cmdline(bool in_qemu,
                            const std::function<void(const std::string&, const std::string&, bool)>&);
-int make_dir(const char* path, mode_t mode, selabel_handle* sehandle);
+bool make_dir(const std::string& path, mode_t mode);
 std::string bytes_to_hex(const uint8_t *bytes, size_t bytes_len);
 bool is_dir(const char* pathname);
 bool expand_props(const std::string& src, std::string* dst);
 
-void panic() __attribute__((__noreturn__));
-
-// Reads or compares the content of device tree file under kAndroidDtDir directory.
+// Returns the platform's Android DT directory as specified in the kernel cmdline.
+// If the platform does not configure a custom DT path, returns the standard one (based in procfs).
+const std::string& get_android_dt_dir();
+// Reads or compares the content of device tree file under the platform's Android DT directory.
 bool read_android_dt_file(const std::string& sub_path, std::string* dt_content);
 bool is_android_dt_value_expected(const std::string& sub_path, const std::string& expected_content);
 
diff --git a/init/util_test.cpp b/init/util_test.cpp
index c16ab74..3ae53a4 100644
--- a/init/util_test.cpp
+++ b/init/util_test.cpp
@@ -30,61 +30,51 @@
 namespace init {
 
 TEST(util, ReadFile_ENOENT) {
-    std::string s("hello");
-    std::string err;
     errno = 0;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(ReadFile("/proc/does-not-exist", &s, &err));
-    EXPECT_EQ("Unable to open '/proc/does-not-exist': No such file or directory", err);
+    auto file_contents = ReadFile("/proc/does-not-exist");
     EXPECT_EQ(ENOENT, errno);
-    EXPECT_EQ("", s);  // s was cleared.
+    ASSERT_FALSE(file_contents);
+    EXPECT_EQ("open() failed: No such file or directory", file_contents.error_string());
 }
 
 TEST(util, ReadFileGroupWriteable) {
     std::string s("hello");
     TemporaryFile tf;
-    std::string err;
     ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(WriteFile(tf.path, s, &err)) << strerror(errno);
-    EXPECT_EQ("", err);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(WriteFile(tf.path, s)) << strerror(errno);
     EXPECT_NE(-1, fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, tf.path, 0620, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)) << strerror(errno);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(ReadFile(tf.path, &s, &err)) << strerror(errno);
-    EXPECT_EQ("Skipping insecure file '"s + tf.path + "'", err);
-    EXPECT_EQ("", s);  // s was cleared.
+    auto file_contents = ReadFile(tf.path);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(file_contents) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_EQ("Skipping insecure file", file_contents.error_string());
 }
 
 TEST(util, ReadFileWorldWiteable) {
     std::string s("hello");
     TemporaryFile tf;
-    std::string err;
     ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(WriteFile(tf.path, s, &err)) << strerror(errno);
-    EXPECT_EQ("", err);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(WriteFile(tf.path, s)) << strerror(errno);
     EXPECT_NE(-1, fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, tf.path, 0602, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)) << strerror(errno);
-    EXPECT_FALSE(ReadFile(tf.path, &s, &err)) << strerror(errno);
-    EXPECT_EQ("Skipping insecure file '"s + tf.path + "'", err);
-    EXPECT_EQ("", s);  // s was cleared.
+    auto file_contents = ReadFile(tf.path);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(file_contents) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_EQ("Skipping insecure file", file_contents.error_string());
 }
 
 TEST(util, ReadFileSymbolicLink) {
-    std::string s("hello");
     errno = 0;
     // lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 1970-01-01 00:00 charger -> /sbin/healthd
-    std::string err;
-    EXPECT_FALSE(ReadFile("/charger", &s, &err));
-    EXPECT_EQ("Unable to open '/charger': Too many symbolic links encountered", err);
+    auto file_contents = ReadFile("/charger");
     EXPECT_EQ(ELOOP, errno);
-    EXPECT_EQ("", s);  // s was cleared.
+    ASSERT_FALSE(file_contents);
+    EXPECT_EQ("open() failed: Too many symbolic links encountered", file_contents.error_string());
 }
 
 TEST(util, ReadFileSuccess) {
-    std::string s("hello");
-    std::string err;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(ReadFile("/proc/version", &s, &err));
-    EXPECT_EQ("", err);
-    EXPECT_GT(s.length(), 6U);
-    EXPECT_EQ('\n', s[s.length() - 1]);
-    s[5] = 0;
-    EXPECT_STREQ("Linux", s.c_str());
+    auto file_contents = ReadFile("/proc/version");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(file_contents);
+    EXPECT_GT(file_contents->length(), 6U);
+    EXPECT_EQ('\n', file_contents->at(file_contents->length() - 1));
+    (*file_contents)[5] = 0;
+    EXPECT_STREQ("Linux", file_contents->c_str());
 }
 
 TEST(util, WriteFileBinary) {
@@ -95,29 +85,23 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(10u, contents.size());
 
     TemporaryFile tf;
-    std::string err;
     ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(WriteFile(tf.path, contents, &err)) << strerror(errno);
-    EXPECT_EQ("", err);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(WriteFile(tf.path, contents)) << strerror(errno);
 
-    std::string read_back_contents;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(ReadFile(tf.path, &read_back_contents, &err)) << strerror(errno);
-    EXPECT_EQ("", err);
-    EXPECT_EQ(contents, read_back_contents);
-    EXPECT_EQ(10u, read_back_contents.size());
+    auto read_back_contents = ReadFile(tf.path);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(read_back_contents) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_EQ(contents, *read_back_contents);
+    EXPECT_EQ(10u, read_back_contents->size());
 }
 
 TEST(util, WriteFileNotExist) {
     std::string s("hello");
-    std::string s2("hello");
     TemporaryDir test_dir;
     std::string path = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/does-not-exist", test_dir.path);
-    std::string err;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(WriteFile(path, s, &err));
-    EXPECT_EQ("", err);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(ReadFile(path, &s2, &err));
-    EXPECT_EQ("", err);
-    EXPECT_EQ(s, s2);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(WriteFile(path, s));
+    auto file_contents = ReadFile(path);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(file_contents);
+    EXPECT_EQ(s, *file_contents);
     struct stat sb;
     int fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC);
     EXPECT_NE(-1, fd);
@@ -127,37 +111,30 @@
 }
 
 TEST(util, WriteFileExist) {
-    std::string s2("");
     TemporaryFile tf;
     ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
-    std::string err;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(WriteFile(tf.path, "1hello1", &err)) << strerror(errno);
-    EXPECT_EQ("", err);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(ReadFile(tf.path, &s2, &err));
-    EXPECT_EQ("", err);
-    EXPECT_STREQ("1hello1", s2.c_str());
-    EXPECT_TRUE(WriteFile(tf.path, "2ll2", &err));
-    EXPECT_EQ("", err);
-    EXPECT_TRUE(ReadFile(tf.path, &s2, &err));
-    EXPECT_EQ("", err);
-    EXPECT_STREQ("2ll2", s2.c_str());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(WriteFile(tf.path, "1hello1")) << strerror(errno);
+    auto file_contents = ReadFile(tf.path);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(file_contents);
+    EXPECT_EQ("1hello1", *file_contents);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(WriteFile(tf.path, "2ll2"));
+    file_contents = ReadFile(tf.path);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(file_contents);
+    EXPECT_EQ("2ll2", *file_contents);
 }
 
 TEST(util, DecodeUid) {
-    uid_t decoded_uid;
-    std::string err;
+    auto decoded_uid = DecodeUid("root");
+    EXPECT_TRUE(decoded_uid);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, *decoded_uid);
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(DecodeUid("root", &decoded_uid, &err));
-    EXPECT_EQ("", err);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0U, decoded_uid);
+    decoded_uid = DecodeUid("toot");
+    EXPECT_FALSE(decoded_uid);
+    EXPECT_EQ("getpwnam failed: No such file or directory", decoded_uid.error_string());
 
-    EXPECT_FALSE(DecodeUid("toot", &decoded_uid, &err));
-    EXPECT_EQ("getpwnam failed: No such file or directory", err);
-    EXPECT_EQ(UINT_MAX, decoded_uid);
-
-    EXPECT_TRUE(DecodeUid("123", &decoded_uid, &err));
-    EXPECT_EQ("", err);
-    EXPECT_EQ(123U, decoded_uid);
+    decoded_uid = DecodeUid("123");
+    EXPECT_TRUE(decoded_uid);
+    EXPECT_EQ(123U, *decoded_uid);
 }
 
 TEST(util, is_dir) {
@@ -170,7 +147,7 @@
 TEST(util, mkdir_recursive) {
     TemporaryDir test_dir;
     std::string path = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/three/directories/deep", test_dir.path);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, mkdir_recursive(path, 0755, nullptr));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mkdir_recursive(path, 0755));
     std::string path1 = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/three", test_dir.path);
     EXPECT_TRUE(is_dir(path1.c_str()));
     std::string path2 = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/three/directories", test_dir.path);
@@ -182,7 +159,7 @@
 TEST(util, mkdir_recursive_extra_slashes) {
     TemporaryDir test_dir;
     std::string path = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/three////directories/deep//", test_dir.path);
-    EXPECT_EQ(0, mkdir_recursive(path, 0755, nullptr));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mkdir_recursive(path, 0755));
     std::string path1 = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/three", test_dir.path);
     EXPECT_TRUE(is_dir(path1.c_str()));
     std::string path2 = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/three/directories", test_dir.path);
diff --git a/libappfuse/Android.bp b/libappfuse/Android.bp
index e659f79..29ffe32 100644
--- a/libappfuse/Android.bp
+++ b/libappfuse/Android.bp
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
     ],
-    clang: true
 }
 
 cc_library_shared {
@@ -19,6 +18,7 @@
         "FuseAppLoop.cc",
         "FuseBuffer.cc",
         "FuseBridgeLoop.cc",
+        "EpollController.cc",
     ]
 }
 
diff --git a/libappfuse/EpollController.cc b/libappfuse/EpollController.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9daeab8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libappfuse/EpollController.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specic language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include "libappfuse/EpollController.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fuse {
+
+EpollController::EpollController(base::unique_fd&& poll_fd) : poll_fd_(std::move(poll_fd)) {
+}
+
+bool EpollController::Wait(size_t event_count) {
+    events_.resize(event_count);
+    const int result = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(epoll_wait(poll_fd_, events_.data(), event_count, -1));
+    if (result == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to wait for epoll";
+        return false;
+    }
+    events_.resize(result);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool EpollController::AddFd(int fd, int events, void* data) {
+    return InvokeControl(EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, events, data);
+}
+
+bool EpollController::UpdateFd(int fd, int events, void* data) {
+    return InvokeControl(EPOLL_CTL_MOD, fd, events, data);
+}
+
+bool EpollController::RemoveFd(int fd) {
+    return InvokeControl(EPOLL_CTL_DEL, fd, /* events */ 0, nullptr);
+}
+
+const std::vector<epoll_event>& EpollController::events() const {
+    return events_;
+}
+
+bool EpollController::InvokeControl(int op, int fd, int events, void* data) const {
+    epoll_event event;
+    memset(&event, 0, sizeof(event));
+    event.events = events;
+    event.data.ptr = data;
+    if (epoll_ctl(poll_fd_, op, fd, &event) == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "epoll_ctl() error op=" << op;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+}
+}
diff --git a/libappfuse/FuseAppLoop.cc b/libappfuse/FuseAppLoop.cc
index a31880e..b6bc191 100644
--- a/libappfuse/FuseAppLoop.cc
+++ b/libappfuse/FuseAppLoop.cc
@@ -16,205 +16,232 @@
 
 #include "libappfuse/FuseAppLoop.h"
 
+#include <sys/eventfd.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 
+#include "libappfuse/EpollController.h"
+
 namespace android {
 namespace fuse {
 
 namespace {
 
-void HandleLookUp(FuseBuffer* buffer, FuseAppLoopCallback* callback) {
-  // AppFuse does not support directory structure now.
-  // It can lookup only files under the mount point.
-  if (buffer->request.header.nodeid != FUSE_ROOT_ID) {
-    LOG(ERROR) << "Nodeid is not FUSE_ROOT_ID.";
-    buffer->response.Reset(0, -ENOENT, buffer->request.header.unique);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Ensure that the filename ends with 0.
-  const size_t filename_length =
-      buffer->request.header.len - sizeof(fuse_in_header);
-  if (buffer->request.lookup_name[filename_length - 1] != 0) {
-    LOG(ERROR) << "File name does not end with 0.";
-    buffer->response.Reset(0, -ENOENT, buffer->request.header.unique);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const uint64_t inode =
-      static_cast<uint64_t>(atol(buffer->request.lookup_name));
-  if (inode == 0 || inode == LONG_MAX) {
-    LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid filename";
-    buffer->response.Reset(0, -ENOENT, buffer->request.header.unique);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  const int64_t size = callback->OnGetSize(inode);
-  if (size < 0) {
-    buffer->response.Reset(0, size, buffer->request.header.unique);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  buffer->response.Reset(sizeof(fuse_entry_out), 0,
-                         buffer->request.header.unique);
-  buffer->response.entry_out.nodeid = inode;
-  buffer->response.entry_out.attr_valid = 10;
-  buffer->response.entry_out.entry_valid = 10;
-  buffer->response.entry_out.attr.ino = inode;
-  buffer->response.entry_out.attr.mode = S_IFREG | 0777;
-  buffer->response.entry_out.attr.size = size;
-}
-
-void HandleGetAttr(FuseBuffer* buffer, FuseAppLoopCallback* callback) {
-  const uint64_t nodeid = buffer->request.header.nodeid;
-  int64_t size;
-  uint32_t mode;
-  if (nodeid == FUSE_ROOT_ID) {
-    size = 0;
-    mode = S_IFDIR | 0777;
-  } else {
-    size = callback->OnGetSize(buffer->request.header.nodeid);
-    if (size < 0) {
-      buffer->response.Reset(0, size, buffer->request.header.unique);
-      return;
+bool HandleLookUp(FuseAppLoop* loop, FuseBuffer* buffer, FuseAppLoopCallback* callback) {
+    // AppFuse does not support directory structure now.
+    // It can lookup only files under the mount point.
+    if (buffer->request.header.nodeid != FUSE_ROOT_ID) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Nodeid is not FUSE_ROOT_ID.";
+        return loop->ReplySimple(buffer->request.header.unique, -ENOENT);
     }
-    mode = S_IFREG | 0777;
-  }
 
-  buffer->response.Reset(sizeof(fuse_attr_out), 0,
-                         buffer->request.header.unique);
-  buffer->response.attr_out.attr_valid = 10;
-  buffer->response.attr_out.attr.ino = nodeid;
-  buffer->response.attr_out.attr.mode = mode;
-  buffer->response.attr_out.attr.size = size;
+    // Ensure that the filename ends with 0.
+    const size_t filename_length = buffer->request.header.len - sizeof(fuse_in_header);
+    if (buffer->request.lookup_name[filename_length - 1] != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "File name does not end with 0.";
+        return loop->ReplySimple(buffer->request.header.unique, -ENOENT);
+    }
+
+    const uint64_t inode = static_cast<uint64_t>(atol(buffer->request.lookup_name));
+    if (inode == 0 || inode == LONG_MAX) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid filename";
+        return loop->ReplySimple(buffer->request.header.unique, -ENOENT);
+    }
+
+    callback->OnLookup(buffer->request.header.unique, inode);
+    return true;
 }
 
-void HandleOpen(FuseBuffer* buffer, FuseAppLoopCallback* callback) {
-  const int32_t file_handle = callback->OnOpen(buffer->request.header.nodeid);
-  if (file_handle < 0) {
-    buffer->response.Reset(0, file_handle, buffer->request.header.unique);
-    return;
-  }
-  buffer->response.Reset(sizeof(fuse_open_out), kFuseSuccess,
-                         buffer->request.header.unique);
-  buffer->response.open_out.fh = file_handle;
+bool HandleGetAttr(FuseAppLoop* loop, FuseBuffer* buffer, FuseAppLoopCallback* callback) {
+    if (buffer->request.header.nodeid == FUSE_ROOT_ID) {
+        return loop->ReplyGetAttr(buffer->request.header.unique, buffer->request.header.nodeid, 0,
+                                  S_IFDIR | 0777);
+    } else {
+        callback->OnGetAttr(buffer->request.header.unique, buffer->request.header.nodeid);
+        return true;
+    }
 }
 
-void HandleFsync(FuseBuffer* buffer, FuseAppLoopCallback* callback) {
-  buffer->response.Reset(0, callback->OnFsync(buffer->request.header.nodeid),
-                         buffer->request.header.unique);
+bool HandleRead(FuseAppLoop* loop, FuseBuffer* buffer, FuseAppLoopCallback* callback) {
+    if (buffer->request.read_in.size > kFuseMaxRead) {
+        return loop->ReplySimple(buffer->request.header.unique, -EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    callback->OnRead(buffer->request.header.unique, buffer->request.header.nodeid,
+                     buffer->request.read_in.offset, buffer->request.read_in.size);
+    return true;
 }
 
-void HandleRelease(FuseBuffer* buffer, FuseAppLoopCallback* callback) {
-  buffer->response.Reset(0, callback->OnRelease(buffer->request.header.nodeid),
-                         buffer->request.header.unique);
+bool HandleWrite(FuseAppLoop* loop, FuseBuffer* buffer, FuseAppLoopCallback* callback) {
+    if (buffer->request.write_in.size > kFuseMaxWrite) {
+        return loop->ReplySimple(buffer->request.header.unique, -EINVAL);
+    }
+
+    callback->OnWrite(buffer->request.header.unique, buffer->request.header.nodeid,
+                      buffer->request.write_in.offset, buffer->request.write_in.size,
+                      buffer->request.write_data);
+    return true;
 }
 
-void HandleRead(FuseBuffer* buffer, FuseAppLoopCallback* callback) {
-  const uint64_t unique = buffer->request.header.unique;
-  const uint64_t nodeid = buffer->request.header.nodeid;
-  const uint64_t offset = buffer->request.read_in.offset;
-  const uint32_t size = buffer->request.read_in.size;
+bool HandleMessage(FuseAppLoop* loop, FuseBuffer* buffer, int fd, FuseAppLoopCallback* callback) {
+    if (!buffer->request.Read(fd)) {
+        return false;
+    }
 
-  if (size > kFuseMaxRead) {
-    buffer->response.Reset(0, -EINVAL, buffer->request.header.unique);
-    return;
-  }
+    const uint32_t opcode = buffer->request.header.opcode;
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << "Read a fuse packet, opcode=" << opcode;
+    switch (opcode) {
+        case FUSE_FORGET:
+            // Do not reply to FUSE_FORGET.
+            return true;
 
-  const int32_t read_size = callback->OnRead(nodeid, offset, size,
-                                             buffer->response.read_data);
-  if (read_size < 0) {
-    buffer->response.Reset(0, read_size, buffer->request.header.unique);
-    return;
-  }
+        case FUSE_LOOKUP:
+            return HandleLookUp(loop, buffer, callback);
 
-  buffer->response.ResetHeader(read_size, kFuseSuccess, unique);
-}
+        case FUSE_GETATTR:
+            return HandleGetAttr(loop, buffer, callback);
 
-void HandleWrite(FuseBuffer* buffer, FuseAppLoopCallback* callback) {
-  const uint64_t unique = buffer->request.header.unique;
-  const uint64_t nodeid = buffer->request.header.nodeid;
-  const uint64_t offset = buffer->request.write_in.offset;
-  const uint32_t size = buffer->request.write_in.size;
+        case FUSE_OPEN:
+            callback->OnOpen(buffer->request.header.unique, buffer->request.header.nodeid);
+            return true;
 
-  if (size > kFuseMaxWrite) {
-    buffer->response.Reset(0, -EINVAL, buffer->request.header.unique);
-    return;
-  }
+        case FUSE_READ:
+            return HandleRead(loop, buffer, callback);
 
-  const int32_t write_size = callback->OnWrite(nodeid, offset, size,
-                                               buffer->request.write_data);
-  if (write_size < 0) {
-    buffer->response.Reset(0, write_size, buffer->request.header.unique);
-    return;
-  }
+        case FUSE_WRITE:
+            return HandleWrite(loop, buffer, callback);
 
-  buffer->response.Reset(sizeof(fuse_write_out), kFuseSuccess, unique);
-  buffer->response.write_out.size = write_size;
+        case FUSE_RELEASE:
+            callback->OnRelease(buffer->request.header.unique, buffer->request.header.nodeid);
+            return true;
+
+        case FUSE_FSYNC:
+            callback->OnFsync(buffer->request.header.unique, buffer->request.header.nodeid);
+            return true;
+
+        default:
+            buffer->HandleNotImpl();
+            return buffer->response.Write(fd);
+    }
 }
 
 } // namespace
 
-bool StartFuseAppLoop(int raw_fd, FuseAppLoopCallback* callback) {
-  base::unique_fd fd(raw_fd);
-  FuseBuffer buffer;
+FuseAppLoopCallback::~FuseAppLoopCallback() = default;
 
-  LOG(DEBUG) << "Start fuse loop.";
-  while (callback->IsActive()) {
-    if (!buffer.request.Read(fd)) {
-      return false;
+FuseAppLoop::FuseAppLoop(base::unique_fd&& fd) : fd_(std::move(fd)) {}
+
+void FuseAppLoop::Break() {
+    const int64_t value = 1;
+    if (write(break_fd_, &value, sizeof(value)) == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to send a break event";
+    }
+}
+
+bool FuseAppLoop::ReplySimple(uint64_t unique, int32_t result) {
+    if (result == -ENOSYS) {
+        // We should not return -ENOSYS because the kernel stops delivering FUSE
+        // command after receiving -ENOSYS as a result for the command.
+        result = -EBADF;
+    }
+    FuseSimpleResponse response;
+    response.Reset(0, result, unique);
+    return response.Write(fd_);
+}
+
+bool FuseAppLoop::ReplyLookup(uint64_t unique, uint64_t inode, int64_t size) {
+    FuseSimpleResponse response;
+    response.Reset(sizeof(fuse_entry_out), 0, unique);
+    response.entry_out.nodeid = inode;
+    response.entry_out.attr_valid = 10;
+    response.entry_out.entry_valid = 10;
+    response.entry_out.attr.ino = inode;
+    response.entry_out.attr.mode = S_IFREG | 0777;
+    response.entry_out.attr.size = size;
+    return response.Write(fd_);
+}
+
+bool FuseAppLoop::ReplyGetAttr(uint64_t unique, uint64_t inode, int64_t size, int mode) {
+    CHECK(mode == (S_IFREG | 0777) || mode == (S_IFDIR | 0777));
+    FuseSimpleResponse response;
+    response.Reset(sizeof(fuse_attr_out), 0, unique);
+    response.attr_out.attr_valid = 10;
+    response.attr_out.attr.ino = inode;
+    response.attr_out.attr.mode = mode;
+    response.attr_out.attr.size = size;
+    return response.Write(fd_);
+}
+
+bool FuseAppLoop::ReplyOpen(uint64_t unique, uint64_t fh) {
+    FuseSimpleResponse response;
+    response.Reset(sizeof(fuse_open_out), kFuseSuccess, unique);
+    response.open_out.fh = fh;
+    return response.Write(fd_);
+}
+
+bool FuseAppLoop::ReplyWrite(uint64_t unique, uint32_t size) {
+    CHECK(size <= kFuseMaxWrite);
+    FuseSimpleResponse response;
+    response.Reset(sizeof(fuse_write_out), kFuseSuccess, unique);
+    response.write_out.size = size;
+    return response.Write(fd_);
+}
+
+bool FuseAppLoop::ReplyRead(uint64_t unique, uint32_t size, const void* data) {
+    CHECK(size <= kFuseMaxRead);
+    FuseSimpleResponse response;
+    response.ResetHeader(size, kFuseSuccess, unique);
+    return response.WriteWithBody(fd_, sizeof(FuseResponse), data);
+}
+
+void FuseAppLoop::Start(FuseAppLoopCallback* callback) {
+    break_fd_.reset(eventfd(/* initval */ 0, EFD_CLOEXEC));
+    if (break_fd_.get() == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open FD for break event";
+        return;
     }
 
-    const uint32_t opcode = buffer.request.header.opcode;
-    LOG(VERBOSE) << "Read a fuse packet, opcode=" << opcode;
-    switch (opcode) {
-      case FUSE_FORGET:
-        // Do not reply to FUSE_FORGET.
-        continue;
-
-      case FUSE_LOOKUP:
-        HandleLookUp(&buffer, callback);
-        break;
-
-      case FUSE_GETATTR:
-        HandleGetAttr(&buffer, callback);
-        break;
-
-      case FUSE_OPEN:
-        HandleOpen(&buffer, callback);
-        break;
-
-      case FUSE_READ:
-        HandleRead(&buffer, callback);
-        break;
-
-      case FUSE_WRITE:
-        HandleWrite(&buffer, callback);
-        break;
-
-      case FUSE_RELEASE:
-        HandleRelease(&buffer, callback);
-        break;
-
-      case FUSE_FSYNC:
-        HandleFsync(&buffer, callback);
-        break;
-
-      default:
-        buffer.HandleNotImpl();
-        break;
+    base::unique_fd epoll_fd(epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC));
+    if (epoll_fd.get() == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open FD for epoll";
+        return;
     }
 
-    if (!buffer.response.Write(fd)) {
-      LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write a response to the device.";
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
+    int last_event;
+    int break_event;
 
-  return true;
+    std::unique_ptr<EpollController> epoll_controller(new EpollController(std::move(epoll_fd)));
+    if (!epoll_controller->AddFd(fd_, EPOLLIN, &last_event)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!epoll_controller->AddFd(break_fd_, EPOLLIN, &break_event)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    last_event = 0;
+    break_event = 0;
+
+    FuseBuffer buffer;
+    while (true) {
+        if (!epoll_controller->Wait(1)) {
+            break;
+        }
+        last_event = 0;
+        *reinterpret_cast<int*>(epoll_controller->events()[0].data.ptr) =
+            epoll_controller->events()[0].events;
+
+        if (break_event != 0 || (last_event & ~EPOLLIN) != 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (!HandleMessage(this, &buffer, fd_, callback)) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << "FuseAppLoop exit";
 }
 
 }  // namespace fuse
diff --git a/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.cc b/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.cc
index 2386bf8..3f47066 100644
--- a/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.cc
+++ b/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.cc
@@ -16,85 +16,355 @@
 
 #include "libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.h"
 
+#include <sys/epoll.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 
+#include "libappfuse/EpollController.h"
+
 namespace android {
 namespace fuse {
+namespace {
 
-bool StartFuseBridgeLoop(
-    int raw_dev_fd, int raw_proxy_fd, FuseBridgeLoopCallback* callback) {
-  base::unique_fd dev_fd(raw_dev_fd);
-  base::unique_fd proxy_fd(raw_proxy_fd);
-  FuseBuffer buffer;
-  size_t open_count = 0;
+enum class FuseBridgeState { kWaitToReadEither, kWaitToReadProxy, kWaitToWriteProxy, kClosing };
 
-  LOG(DEBUG) << "Start fuse loop.";
-  while (true) {
-    if (!buffer.request.Read(dev_fd)) {
-      return false;
+struct FuseBridgeEntryEvent {
+    FuseBridgeEntry* entry;
+    int events;
+};
+
+void GetObservedEvents(FuseBridgeState state, int* device_events, int* proxy_events) {
+    switch (state) {
+        case FuseBridgeState::kWaitToReadEither:
+            *device_events = EPOLLIN;
+            *proxy_events = EPOLLIN;
+            return;
+        case FuseBridgeState::kWaitToReadProxy:
+            *device_events = 0;
+            *proxy_events = EPOLLIN;
+            return;
+        case FuseBridgeState::kWaitToWriteProxy:
+            *device_events = 0;
+            *proxy_events = EPOLLOUT;
+            return;
+        case FuseBridgeState::kClosing:
+            *device_events = 0;
+            *proxy_events = 0;
+            return;
+    }
+}
+}
+
+class FuseBridgeEntry {
+  public:
+    FuseBridgeEntry(int mount_id, base::unique_fd&& dev_fd, base::unique_fd&& proxy_fd)
+        : mount_id_(mount_id),
+          device_fd_(std::move(dev_fd)),
+          proxy_fd_(std::move(proxy_fd)),
+          state_(FuseBridgeState::kWaitToReadEither),
+          last_state_(FuseBridgeState::kWaitToReadEither),
+          last_device_events_({this, 0}),
+          last_proxy_events_({this, 0}),
+          open_count_(0) {}
+
+    // Transfer bytes depends on availability of FDs and the internal |state_|.
+    void Transfer(FuseBridgeLoopCallback* callback) {
+        constexpr int kUnexpectedEventMask = ~(EPOLLIN | EPOLLOUT);
+        const bool unexpected_event = (last_device_events_.events & kUnexpectedEventMask) ||
+                                      (last_proxy_events_.events & kUnexpectedEventMask);
+        const bool device_read_ready = last_device_events_.events & EPOLLIN;
+        const bool proxy_read_ready = last_proxy_events_.events & EPOLLIN;
+        const bool proxy_write_ready = last_proxy_events_.events & EPOLLOUT;
+
+        last_device_events_.events = 0;
+        last_proxy_events_.events = 0;
+
+        LOG(VERBOSE) << "Transfer device_read_ready=" << device_read_ready
+                     << " proxy_read_ready=" << proxy_read_ready
+                     << " proxy_write_ready=" << proxy_write_ready;
+
+        if (unexpected_event) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid epoll event is observed";
+            state_ = FuseBridgeState::kClosing;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        switch (state_) {
+            case FuseBridgeState::kWaitToReadEither:
+                if (proxy_read_ready) {
+                    state_ = ReadFromProxy();
+                } else if (device_read_ready) {
+                    state_ = ReadFromDevice(callback);
+                }
+                return;
+
+            case FuseBridgeState::kWaitToReadProxy:
+                CHECK(proxy_read_ready);
+                state_ = ReadFromProxy();
+                return;
+
+            case FuseBridgeState::kWaitToWriteProxy:
+                CHECK(proxy_write_ready);
+                state_ = WriteToProxy();
+                return;
+
+            case FuseBridgeState::kClosing:
+                return;
+        }
     }
 
-    const uint32_t opcode = buffer.request.header.opcode;
-    LOG(VERBOSE) << "Read a fuse packet, opcode=" << opcode;
-    switch (opcode) {
-      case FUSE_FORGET:
-        // Do not reply to FUSE_FORGET.
-        continue;
+    bool IsClosing() const { return state_ == FuseBridgeState::kClosing; }
 
-      case FUSE_LOOKUP:
-      case FUSE_GETATTR:
-      case FUSE_OPEN:
-      case FUSE_READ:
-      case FUSE_WRITE:
-      case FUSE_RELEASE:
-      case FUSE_FSYNC:
-        if (!buffer.request.Write(proxy_fd)) {
-          LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write a request to the proxy.";
-          return false;
+    int mount_id() const { return mount_id_; }
+
+  private:
+    friend class BridgeEpollController;
+
+    FuseBridgeState ReadFromProxy() {
+        switch (buffer_.response.ReadOrAgain(proxy_fd_)) {
+            case ResultOrAgain::kSuccess:
+                break;
+            case ResultOrAgain::kFailure:
+                return FuseBridgeState::kClosing;
+            case ResultOrAgain::kAgain:
+                return FuseBridgeState::kWaitToReadProxy;
         }
-        if (!buffer.response.Read(proxy_fd)) {
-          LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read a response from the proxy.";
-          return false;
+
+        if (!buffer_.response.Write(device_fd_)) {
+            return FuseBridgeState::kClosing;
         }
-        break;
 
-      case FUSE_INIT:
-        buffer.HandleInit();
-        break;
+        auto it = opcode_map_.find(buffer_.response.header.unique);
+        if (it != opcode_map_.end()) {
+            switch (it->second) {
+                case FUSE_OPEN:
+                    if (buffer_.response.header.error == fuse::kFuseSuccess) {
+                        open_count_++;
+                    }
+                    break;
 
-      default:
-        buffer.HandleNotImpl();
-        break;
+                case FUSE_RELEASE:
+                    if (open_count_ > 0) {
+                        open_count_--;
+                    } else {
+                        LOG(WARNING) << "Unexpected FUSE_RELEASE before opening a file.";
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    if (open_count_ == 0) {
+                        return FuseBridgeState::kClosing;
+                    }
+                    break;
+            }
+            opcode_map_.erase(it);
+        }
+
+        return FuseBridgeState::kWaitToReadEither;
     }
 
-    if (!buffer.response.Write(dev_fd)) {
-      LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write a response to the device.";
-      return false;
+    FuseBridgeState ReadFromDevice(FuseBridgeLoopCallback* callback) {
+        LOG(VERBOSE) << "ReadFromDevice";
+        if (!buffer_.request.Read(device_fd_)) {
+            return FuseBridgeState::kClosing;
+        }
+
+        const uint32_t opcode = buffer_.request.header.opcode;
+        LOG(VERBOSE) << "Read a fuse packet, opcode=" << opcode;
+        switch (opcode) {
+            case FUSE_FORGET:
+                // Do not reply to FUSE_FORGET.
+                return FuseBridgeState::kWaitToReadEither;
+
+            case FUSE_LOOKUP:
+            case FUSE_GETATTR:
+            case FUSE_OPEN:
+            case FUSE_READ:
+            case FUSE_WRITE:
+            case FUSE_RELEASE:
+            case FUSE_FSYNC:
+                if (opcode == FUSE_OPEN || opcode == FUSE_RELEASE) {
+                    opcode_map_.emplace(buffer_.request.header.unique, opcode);
+                }
+                return WriteToProxy();
+
+            case FUSE_INIT:
+                buffer_.HandleInit();
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                buffer_.HandleNotImpl();
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if (!buffer_.response.Write(device_fd_)) {
+            return FuseBridgeState::kClosing;
+        }
+
+        if (opcode == FUSE_INIT) {
+            callback->OnMount(mount_id_);
+        }
+
+        return FuseBridgeState::kWaitToReadEither;
     }
 
-    switch (opcode) {
-      case FUSE_INIT:
-        callback->OnMount();
-        break;
-      case FUSE_OPEN:
-        if (buffer.response.header.error == fuse::kFuseSuccess) {
-          open_count++;
+    FuseBridgeState WriteToProxy() {
+        switch (buffer_.request.WriteOrAgain(proxy_fd_)) {
+            case ResultOrAgain::kSuccess:
+                return FuseBridgeState::kWaitToReadEither;
+            case ResultOrAgain::kFailure:
+                return FuseBridgeState::kClosing;
+            case ResultOrAgain::kAgain:
+                return FuseBridgeState::kWaitToWriteProxy;
         }
-        break;
-      case FUSE_RELEASE:
-        if (open_count != 0) {
-            open_count--;
-        } else {
-            LOG(WARNING) << "Unexpected FUSE_RELEASE before opening a file.";
-            break;
-        }
-        if (open_count == 0) {
-          return true;
-        }
-        break;
     }
-  }
+
+    const int mount_id_;
+    base::unique_fd device_fd_;
+    base::unique_fd proxy_fd_;
+    FuseBuffer buffer_;
+    FuseBridgeState state_;
+    FuseBridgeState last_state_;
+    FuseBridgeEntryEvent last_device_events_;
+    FuseBridgeEntryEvent last_proxy_events_;
+
+    // Remember map between unique and opcode in fuse_in_header so that we can
+    // refer the opcode later.
+    std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint32_t> opcode_map_;
+
+    int open_count_;
+
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(FuseBridgeEntry);
+};
+
+class BridgeEpollController : private EpollController {
+  public:
+    BridgeEpollController(base::unique_fd&& poll_fd) : EpollController(std::move(poll_fd)) {}
+
+    bool AddBridgePoll(FuseBridgeEntry* bridge) const {
+        return InvokeControl(EPOLL_CTL_ADD, bridge);
+    }
+
+    bool UpdateOrDeleteBridgePoll(FuseBridgeEntry* bridge) const {
+        return InvokeControl(
+            bridge->state_ != FuseBridgeState::kClosing ? EPOLL_CTL_MOD : EPOLL_CTL_DEL, bridge);
+    }
+
+    bool Wait(size_t bridge_count, std::unordered_set<FuseBridgeEntry*>* entries_out) {
+        CHECK(entries_out);
+        const size_t event_count = std::max<size_t>(bridge_count * 2, 1);
+        if (!EpollController::Wait(event_count)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        entries_out->clear();
+        for (const auto& event : events()) {
+            FuseBridgeEntryEvent* const entry_event =
+                reinterpret_cast<FuseBridgeEntryEvent*>(event.data.ptr);
+            entry_event->events = event.events;
+            entries_out->insert(entry_event->entry);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    bool InvokeControl(int op, FuseBridgeEntry* bridge) const {
+        LOG(VERBOSE) << "InvokeControl op=" << op << " bridge=" << bridge->mount_id_
+                     << " state=" << static_cast<int>(bridge->state_)
+                     << " last_state=" << static_cast<int>(bridge->last_state_);
+
+        int last_device_events;
+        int last_proxy_events;
+        int device_events;
+        int proxy_events;
+        GetObservedEvents(bridge->last_state_, &last_device_events, &last_proxy_events);
+        GetObservedEvents(bridge->state_, &device_events, &proxy_events);
+        bool result = true;
+        if (op != EPOLL_CTL_MOD || last_device_events != device_events) {
+            result &= EpollController::InvokeControl(op, bridge->device_fd_, device_events,
+                                                     &bridge->last_device_events_);
+        }
+        if (op != EPOLL_CTL_MOD || last_proxy_events != proxy_events) {
+            result &= EpollController::InvokeControl(op, bridge->proxy_fd_, proxy_events,
+                                                     &bridge->last_proxy_events_);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+};
+
+FuseBridgeLoop::FuseBridgeLoop() : opened_(true) {
+    base::unique_fd epoll_fd(epoll_create1(/* no flag */ 0));
+    if (epoll_fd.get() == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open FD for epoll";
+        opened_ = false;
+        return;
+    }
+    epoll_controller_.reset(new BridgeEpollController(std::move(epoll_fd)));
+}
+
+FuseBridgeLoop::~FuseBridgeLoop() { CHECK(bridges_.empty()); }
+
+bool FuseBridgeLoop::AddBridge(int mount_id, base::unique_fd dev_fd, base::unique_fd proxy_fd) {
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << "Adding bridge " << mount_id;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<FuseBridgeEntry> bridge(
+        new FuseBridgeEntry(mount_id, std::move(dev_fd), std::move(proxy_fd)));
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+    if (!opened_) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Tried to add a mount to a closed bridge";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (bridges_.count(mount_id)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Tried to add a mount point that has already been added";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!epoll_controller_->AddBridgePoll(bridge.get())) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bridges_.emplace(mount_id, std::move(bridge));
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool FuseBridgeLoop::ProcessEventLocked(const std::unordered_set<FuseBridgeEntry*>& entries,
+                                        FuseBridgeLoopCallback* callback) {
+    for (auto entry : entries) {
+        entry->Transfer(callback);
+        if (!epoll_controller_->UpdateOrDeleteBridgePoll(entry)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (entry->IsClosing()) {
+            const int mount_id = entry->mount_id();
+            callback->OnClosed(mount_id);
+            bridges_.erase(mount_id);
+            if (bridges_.size() == 0) {
+                // All bridges are now closed.
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void FuseBridgeLoop::Start(FuseBridgeLoopCallback* callback) {
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Start fuse bridge loop";
+    std::unordered_set<FuseBridgeEntry*> entries;
+    while (true) {
+        const bool wait_result = epoll_controller_->Wait(bridges_.size(), &entries);
+        LOG(VERBOSE) << "Receive epoll events";
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+            if (!(wait_result && ProcessEventLocked(entries, callback))) {
+                for (auto it = bridges_.begin(); it != bridges_.end();) {
+                    callback->OnClosed(it->second->mount_id());
+                    it = bridges_.erase(it);
+                }
+                opened_ = false;
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 }  // namespace fuse
diff --git a/libappfuse/FuseBuffer.cc b/libappfuse/FuseBuffer.cc
index 8fb2dbc..653e96b 100644
--- a/libappfuse/FuseBuffer.cc
+++ b/libappfuse/FuseBuffer.cc
@@ -23,81 +23,165 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <type_traits>
 
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
+
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace fuse {
+namespace {
 
-static_assert(
-    std::is_standard_layout<FuseBuffer>::value,
-    "FuseBuffer must be standard layout union.");
+constexpr useconds_t kRetrySleepForWriting = 1000;  // 1 ms
 
 template <typename T>
-bool FuseMessage<T>::CheckHeaderLength(const char* name) const {
-  const auto& header = static_cast<const T*>(this)->header;
-  if (header.len >= sizeof(header) && header.len <= sizeof(T)) {
+bool CheckHeaderLength(const FuseMessage<T>* self, const char* name, size_t max_size) {
+    const auto& header = static_cast<const T*>(self)->header;
+    if (header.len >= sizeof(header) && header.len <= max_size) {
+        return true;
+    } else {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid header length is found in " << name << ": " << header.len;
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+ResultOrAgain ReadInternal(FuseMessage<T>* self, int fd, int sockflag) {
+    char* const buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(self);
+    const ssize_t result = sockflag ? TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(recv(fd, buf, sizeof(T), sockflag))
+                                    : TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buf, sizeof(T)));
+
+    switch (result) {
+        case 0:
+            // Expected EOF.
+            return ResultOrAgain::kFailure;
+        case -1:
+            if (errno == EAGAIN) {
+                return ResultOrAgain::kAgain;
+            }
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read a FUSE message";
+            return ResultOrAgain::kFailure;
+    }
+
+    const auto& header = static_cast<const T*>(self)->header;
+    if (result < static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(header))) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Read bytes " << result << " are shorter than header size " << sizeof(header);
+        return ResultOrAgain::kFailure;
+    }
+
+    if (!CheckHeaderLength<T>(self, "Read", sizeof(T))) {
+        return ResultOrAgain::kFailure;
+    }
+
+    if (static_cast<uint32_t>(result) != header.len) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Read bytes " << result << " are different from header.len " << header.len;
+        return ResultOrAgain::kFailure;
+    }
+
+    return ResultOrAgain::kSuccess;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+ResultOrAgain WriteInternal(const FuseMessage<T>* self, int fd, int sockflag, const void* data,
+                            size_t max_size) {
+    if (!CheckHeaderLength<T>(self, "Write", max_size)) {
+        return ResultOrAgain::kFailure;
+    }
+
+    const char* const buf = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(self);
+    const auto& header = static_cast<const T*>(self)->header;
+
+    while (true) {
+        int result;
+        if (sockflag) {
+            CHECK(data == nullptr);
+            result = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(send(fd, buf, header.len, sockflag));
+        } else if (data) {
+            const struct iovec vec[] = {{const_cast<char*>(buf), sizeof(header)},
+                                        {const_cast<void*>(data), header.len - sizeof(header)}};
+            result = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(writev(fd, vec, arraysize(vec)));
+        } else {
+            result = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fd, buf, header.len));
+        }
+        if (result == -1) {
+            switch (errno) {
+                case ENOBUFS:
+                    // When returning ENOBUFS, epoll still reports the FD is writable. Just usleep
+                    // and retry again.
+                    usleep(kRetrySleepForWriting);
+                    continue;
+                case EAGAIN:
+                    return ResultOrAgain::kAgain;
+                default:
+                    PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write a FUSE message";
+                    return ResultOrAgain::kFailure;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (static_cast<unsigned int>(result) != header.len) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Written bytes " << result << " is different from length in header "
+                       << header.len;
+            return ResultOrAgain::kFailure;
+        }
+        return ResultOrAgain::kSuccess;
+    }
+}
+}
+
+static_assert(std::is_standard_layout<FuseBuffer>::value,
+              "FuseBuffer must be standard layout union.");
+
+bool SetupMessageSockets(base::unique_fd (*result)[2]) {
+    base::unique_fd fds[2];
+    {
+        int raw_fds[2];
+        if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0, raw_fds) == -1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create sockets for proxy";
+            return false;
+        }
+        fds[0].reset(raw_fds[0]);
+        fds[1].reset(raw_fds[1]);
+    }
+
+    constexpr int kMaxMessageSize = sizeof(FuseBuffer);
+    if (setsockopt(fds[0], SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &kMaxMessageSize, sizeof(int)) != 0 ||
+        setsockopt(fds[1], SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUFFORCE, &kMaxMessageSize, sizeof(int)) != 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to update buffer size for socket";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    (*result)[0] = std::move(fds[0]);
+    (*result)[1] = std::move(fds[1]);
     return true;
-  } else {
-    LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid header length is found in " << name << ": " <<
-        header.len;
-    return false;
-  }
 }
 
 template <typename T>
 bool FuseMessage<T>::Read(int fd) {
-  char* const buf = reinterpret_cast<char*>(this);
-  const ssize_t result = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(::read(fd, buf, sizeof(T)));
-  if (result < 0) {
-    PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read a FUSE message";
-    return false;
-  }
+    return ReadInternal(this, fd, 0) == ResultOrAgain::kSuccess;
+}
 
-  const auto& header = static_cast<const T*>(this)->header;
-  if (result < static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(header))) {
-    LOG(ERROR) << "Read bytes " << result << " are shorter than header size " <<
-        sizeof(header);
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (!CheckHeaderLength("Read")) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (static_cast<uint32_t>(result) > header.len) {
-    LOG(ERROR) << "Read bytes " << result << " are longer than header.len " <<
-        header.len;
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (!base::ReadFully(fd, buf + result, header.len - result)) {
-    PLOG(ERROR) << "ReadFully failed";
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return true;
+template <typename T>
+ResultOrAgain FuseMessage<T>::ReadOrAgain(int fd) {
+    return ReadInternal(this, fd, MSG_DONTWAIT);
 }
 
 template <typename T>
 bool FuseMessage<T>::Write(int fd) const {
-  if (!CheckHeaderLength("Write")) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  const char* const buf = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(this);
-  const auto& header = static_cast<const T*>(this)->header;
-  if (!base::WriteFully(fd, buf, header.len)) {
-    PLOG(ERROR) << "WriteFully failed";
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return true;
+    return WriteInternal(this, fd, 0, nullptr, sizeof(T)) == ResultOrAgain::kSuccess;
 }
 
-template class FuseMessage<FuseRequest>;
-template class FuseMessage<FuseResponse>;
+template <typename T>
+bool FuseMessage<T>::WriteWithBody(int fd, size_t max_size, const void* data) const {
+    CHECK(data != nullptr);
+    return WriteInternal(this, fd, 0, data, max_size) == ResultOrAgain::kSuccess;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+ResultOrAgain FuseMessage<T>::WriteOrAgain(int fd) const {
+    return WriteInternal(this, fd, MSG_DONTWAIT, nullptr, sizeof(T));
+}
 
 void FuseRequest::Reset(
     uint32_t data_length, uint32_t opcode, uint64_t unique) {
@@ -107,17 +191,18 @@
   header.unique = unique;
 }
 
-void FuseResponse::ResetHeader(
-    uint32_t data_length, int32_t error, uint64_t unique) {
-  CHECK_LE(error, 0) << "error should be zero or negative.";
-  header.len = sizeof(fuse_out_header) + data_length;
-  header.error = error;
-  header.unique = unique;
+template <size_t N>
+void FuseResponseBase<N>::ResetHeader(uint32_t data_length, int32_t error, uint64_t unique) {
+    CHECK_LE(error, 0) << "error should be zero or negative.";
+    header.len = sizeof(fuse_out_header) + data_length;
+    header.error = error;
+    header.unique = unique;
 }
 
-void FuseResponse::Reset(uint32_t data_length, int32_t error, uint64_t unique) {
-  memset(this, 0, sizeof(fuse_out_header) + data_length);
-  ResetHeader(data_length, error, unique);
+template <size_t N>
+void FuseResponseBase<N>::Reset(uint32_t data_length, int32_t error, uint64_t unique) {
+    memset(this, 0, sizeof(fuse_out_header) + data_length);
+    ResetHeader(data_length, error, unique);
 }
 
 void FuseBuffer::HandleInit() {
@@ -167,5 +252,11 @@
   response.Reset(0, -ENOSYS, unique);
 }
 
+template class FuseMessage<FuseRequest>;
+template class FuseMessage<FuseResponse>;
+template class FuseMessage<FuseSimpleResponse>;
+template struct FuseResponseBase<0u>;
+template struct FuseResponseBase<kFuseMaxRead>;
+
 }  // namespace fuse
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/EpollController.h b/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/EpollController.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..622bd2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/EpollController.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specic language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_LIBAPPFUSE_EPOLLCONTROLLER_H_
+#define ANDROID_LIBAPPFUSE_EPOLLCONTROLLER_H_
+
+#include <sys/epoll.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fuse {
+
+class EpollController {
+  public:
+    explicit EpollController(base::unique_fd&& poll_fd);
+    bool Wait(size_t event_count);
+    bool AddFd(int fd, int events, void* data);
+    bool UpdateFd(int fd, int events, void* data);
+    bool RemoveFd(int fd);
+
+    const std::vector<epoll_event>& events() const;
+
+  protected:
+    bool InvokeControl(int op, int fd, int events, void* data) const;
+
+  private:
+    base::unique_fd poll_fd_;
+    std::vector<epoll_event> events_;
+
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(EpollController);
+};
+}
+}
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_LIBAPPFUSE_EPOLLCONTROLLER_H_
diff --git a/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseAppLoop.h b/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseAppLoop.h
index c3edfcc..f2ef2b5 100644
--- a/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseAppLoop.h
+++ b/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseAppLoop.h
@@ -17,23 +17,51 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_LIBAPPFUSE_FUSEAPPLOOP_H_
 #define ANDROID_LIBAPPFUSE_FUSEAPPLOOP_H_
 
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
 #include "libappfuse/FuseBuffer.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace fuse {
 
+class EpollController;
+
 class FuseAppLoopCallback {
  public:
-  virtual bool IsActive() = 0;
-  virtual int64_t OnGetSize(uint64_t inode) = 0;
-  virtual int32_t OnFsync(uint64_t inode) = 0;
-  virtual int32_t OnWrite(
-      uint64_t inode, uint64_t offset, uint32_t size, const void* data) = 0;
-  virtual int32_t OnRead(
-      uint64_t inode, uint64_t offset, uint32_t size, void* data) = 0;
-  virtual int32_t OnOpen(uint64_t inode) = 0;
-  virtual int32_t OnRelease(uint64_t inode) = 0;
-  virtual ~FuseAppLoopCallback() = default;
+   virtual void OnLookup(uint64_t unique, uint64_t inode) = 0;
+   virtual void OnGetAttr(uint64_t unique, uint64_t inode) = 0;
+   virtual void OnFsync(uint64_t unique, uint64_t inode) = 0;
+   virtual void OnWrite(uint64_t unique, uint64_t inode, uint64_t offset, uint32_t size,
+                        const void* data) = 0;
+   virtual void OnRead(uint64_t unique, uint64_t inode, uint64_t offset, uint32_t size) = 0;
+   virtual void OnOpen(uint64_t unique, uint64_t inode) = 0;
+   virtual void OnRelease(uint64_t unique, uint64_t inode) = 0;
+   virtual ~FuseAppLoopCallback();
+};
+
+class FuseAppLoop final {
+  public:
+    FuseAppLoop(base::unique_fd&& fd);
+
+    void Start(FuseAppLoopCallback* callback);
+    void Break();
+
+    bool ReplySimple(uint64_t unique, int32_t result);
+    bool ReplyLookup(uint64_t unique, uint64_t inode, int64_t size);
+    bool ReplyGetAttr(uint64_t unique, uint64_t inode, int64_t size, int mode);
+    bool ReplyOpen(uint64_t unique, uint64_t fh);
+    bool ReplyWrite(uint64_t unique, uint32_t size);
+    bool ReplyRead(uint64_t unique, uint32_t size, const void* data);
+
+  private:
+    base::unique_fd fd_;
+    base::unique_fd break_fd_;
+
+    // Lock for multi-threading.
+    std::mutex mutex_;
 };
 
 bool StartFuseAppLoop(int fd, FuseAppLoopCallback* callback);
diff --git a/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.h b/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.h
index 1f71cf2..6bfda98 100644
--- a/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.h
+++ b/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.h
@@ -17,6 +17,13 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_LIBAPPFUSE_FUSEBRIDGELOOP_H_
 #define ANDROID_LIBAPPFUSE_FUSEBRIDGELOOP_H_
 
+#include <map>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <queue>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+
 #include "libappfuse/FuseBuffer.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -24,12 +31,41 @@
 
 class FuseBridgeLoopCallback {
  public:
-  virtual void OnMount() = 0;
-  virtual ~FuseBridgeLoopCallback() = default;
+   virtual void OnMount(int mount_id) = 0;
+   virtual void OnClosed(int mount_id) = 0;
+   virtual ~FuseBridgeLoopCallback() = default;
 };
 
-bool StartFuseBridgeLoop(
-    int dev_fd, int proxy_fd, FuseBridgeLoopCallback* callback);
+class FuseBridgeEntry;
+class BridgeEpollController;
+
+class FuseBridgeLoop final {
+  public:
+    FuseBridgeLoop();
+    ~FuseBridgeLoop();
+
+    void Start(FuseBridgeLoopCallback* callback);
+
+    // Add bridge to the loop. It's OK to invoke the method from a different
+    // thread from one which invokes |Start|.
+    bool AddBridge(int mount_id, base::unique_fd dev_fd, base::unique_fd proxy_fd);
+
+  private:
+    bool ProcessEventLocked(const std::unordered_set<FuseBridgeEntry*>& entries,
+                            FuseBridgeLoopCallback* callback);
+
+    std::unique_ptr<BridgeEpollController> epoll_controller_;
+
+    // Map between |mount_id| and bridge entry.
+    std::map<int, std::unique_ptr<FuseBridgeEntry>> bridges_;
+
+    // Lock for multi-threading.
+    std::mutex mutex_;
+
+    bool opened_;
+
+    DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(FuseBridgeLoop);
+};
 
 }  // namespace fuse
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseBuffer.h b/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseBuffer.h
index 7abd2fa..7a70bf3 100644
--- a/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseBuffer.h
+++ b/libappfuse/include/libappfuse/FuseBuffer.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_LIBAPPFUSE_FUSEBUFFER_H_
 #define ANDROID_LIBAPPFUSE_FUSEBUFFER_H_
 
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <linux/fuse.h>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -28,13 +29,23 @@
 constexpr size_t kFuseMaxRead = 128 * 1024;
 constexpr int32_t kFuseSuccess = 0;
 
+// Setup sockets to transfer FuseMessage.
+bool SetupMessageSockets(base::unique_fd (*sockets)[2]);
+
+enum class ResultOrAgain {
+    kSuccess,
+    kFailure,
+    kAgain,
+};
+
 template<typename T>
 class FuseMessage {
  public:
   bool Read(int fd);
   bool Write(int fd) const;
- private:
-  bool CheckHeaderLength(const char* name) const;
+  bool WriteWithBody(int fd, size_t max_size, const void* data) const;
+  ResultOrAgain ReadOrAgain(int fd);
+  ResultOrAgain WriteOrAgain(int fd) const;
 };
 
 // FuseRequest represents file operation requests from /dev/fuse. It starts
@@ -54,33 +65,37 @@
     // for FUSE_READ
     fuse_read_in read_in;
     // for FUSE_LOOKUP
-    char lookup_name[0];
+    char lookup_name[kFuseMaxWrite];
   };
   void Reset(uint32_t data_length, uint32_t opcode, uint64_t unique);
 };
 
 // FuseResponse represents file operation responses to /dev/fuse. It starts
 // from fuse_out_header. The body layout depends on the operation code.
-struct FuseResponse : public FuseMessage<FuseResponse> {
-  fuse_out_header header;
-  union {
-    // for FUSE_INIT
-    fuse_init_out init_out;
-    // for FUSE_LOOKUP
-    fuse_entry_out entry_out;
-    // for FUSE_GETATTR
-    fuse_attr_out attr_out;
-    // for FUSE_OPEN
-    fuse_open_out open_out;
-    // for FUSE_READ
-    char read_data[kFuseMaxRead];
-    // for FUSE_WRITE
-    fuse_write_out write_out;
-  };
-  void Reset(uint32_t data_length, int32_t error, uint64_t unique);
-  void ResetHeader(uint32_t data_length, int32_t error, uint64_t unique);
+template <size_t N>
+struct FuseResponseBase : public FuseMessage<FuseResponseBase<N>> {
+    fuse_out_header header;
+    union {
+        // for FUSE_INIT
+        fuse_init_out init_out;
+        // for FUSE_LOOKUP
+        fuse_entry_out entry_out;
+        // for FUSE_GETATTR
+        fuse_attr_out attr_out;
+        // for FUSE_OPEN
+        fuse_open_out open_out;
+        // for FUSE_READ
+        char read_data[N];
+        // for FUSE_WRITE
+        fuse_write_out write_out;
+    };
+    void Reset(uint32_t data_length, int32_t error, uint64_t unique);
+    void ResetHeader(uint32_t data_length, int32_t error, uint64_t unique);
 };
 
+using FuseResponse = FuseResponseBase<kFuseMaxRead>;
+using FuseSimpleResponse = FuseResponseBase<0u>;
+
 // To reduce memory usage, FuseBuffer shares the memory region for request and
 // response.
 union FuseBuffer final {
diff --git a/libappfuse/tests/FuseAppLoopTest.cc b/libappfuse/tests/FuseAppLoopTest.cc
index 25906cf..98e3665 100644
--- a/libappfuse/tests/FuseAppLoopTest.cc
+++ b/libappfuse/tests/FuseAppLoopTest.cc
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <thread>
 
+#include "libappfuse/EpollController.h"
+#include "libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.h"
+
 namespace android {
 namespace fuse {
 namespace {
@@ -37,85 +40,61 @@
 class Callback : public FuseAppLoopCallback {
  public:
   std::vector<CallbackRequest> requests;
+  FuseAppLoop* loop;
 
-  bool IsActive() override {
-    return true;
+  void OnGetAttr(uint64_t seq, uint64_t inode) override {
+      EXPECT_NE(FUSE_ROOT_ID, static_cast<int>(inode));
+      EXPECT_TRUE(loop->ReplyGetAttr(seq, inode, kTestFileSize, S_IFREG | 0777));
   }
 
-  int64_t OnGetSize(uint64_t inode) override {
-    if (inode == FUSE_ROOT_ID) {
-      return 0;
-    } else {
-      return kTestFileSize;
-    }
+  void OnLookup(uint64_t unique, uint64_t inode) override {
+      EXPECT_NE(FUSE_ROOT_ID, static_cast<int>(inode));
+      EXPECT_TRUE(loop->ReplyLookup(unique, inode, kTestFileSize));
   }
 
-  int32_t OnFsync(uint64_t inode) override {
-    requests.push_back({
-      .code = FUSE_FSYNC,
-      .inode = inode
-    });
-    return 0;
+  void OnFsync(uint64_t seq, uint64_t inode) override {
+      requests.push_back({.code = FUSE_FSYNC, .inode = inode});
+      loop->ReplySimple(seq, 0);
   }
 
-  int32_t OnWrite(uint64_t inode,
-                  uint64_t offset ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
-                  uint32_t size ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
-                  const void* data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) override {
-    requests.push_back({
-      .code = FUSE_WRITE,
-      .inode = inode
-    });
-    return 0;
+  void OnWrite(uint64_t seq, uint64_t inode, uint64_t offset ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+               uint32_t size ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, const void* data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) override {
+      requests.push_back({.code = FUSE_WRITE, .inode = inode});
+      loop->ReplyWrite(seq, 0);
   }
 
-  int32_t OnRead(uint64_t inode,
-                 uint64_t offset ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
-                 uint32_t size ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
-                 void* data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) override {
-    requests.push_back({
-      .code = FUSE_READ,
-      .inode = inode
-    });
-    return 0;
+  void OnRead(uint64_t seq, uint64_t inode, uint64_t offset ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+              uint32_t size ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) override {
+      requests.push_back({.code = FUSE_READ, .inode = inode});
+      loop->ReplySimple(seq, 0);
   }
 
-  int32_t OnOpen(uint64_t inode) override {
-    requests.push_back({
-      .code = FUSE_OPEN,
-      .inode = inode
-    });
-    return 0;
+  void OnOpen(uint64_t seq, uint64_t inode) override {
+      requests.push_back({.code = FUSE_OPEN, .inode = inode});
+      loop->ReplyOpen(seq, inode);
   }
 
-  int32_t OnRelease(uint64_t inode) override {
-    requests.push_back({
-      .code = FUSE_RELEASE,
-      .inode = inode
-    });
-    return 0;
+  void OnRelease(uint64_t seq, uint64_t inode) override {
+      requests.push_back({.code = FUSE_RELEASE, .inode = inode});
+      loop->ReplySimple(seq, 0);
   }
 };
 
 class FuseAppLoopTest : public ::testing::Test {
- private:
-  std::thread thread_;
-
  protected:
-  base::unique_fd sockets_[2];
-  Callback callback_;
-  FuseRequest request_;
-  FuseResponse response_;
+   std::thread thread_;
+   base::unique_fd sockets_[2];
+   Callback callback_;
+   FuseRequest request_;
+   FuseResponse response_;
+   std::unique_ptr<FuseAppLoop> loop_;
 
-  void SetUp() override {
-    base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(base::VERBOSE);
-    int sockets[2];
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0, sockets));
-    sockets_[0].reset(sockets[0]);
-    sockets_[1].reset(sockets[1]);
-    thread_ = std::thread([this] {
-      StartFuseAppLoop(sockets_[1].release(), &callback_);
-    });
+   void SetUp() override {
+       base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(base::VERBOSE);
+       ASSERT_TRUE(SetupMessageSockets(&sockets_));
+       loop_.reset(new FuseAppLoop(std::move(sockets_[1])));
+       callback_.loop = loop_.get();
+       thread_ = std::thread([this] { loop_->Start(&callback_); });
   }
 
   void CheckCallback(
@@ -303,5 +282,18 @@
   CheckCallback(sizeof(fuse_write_in), FUSE_WRITE, sizeof(fuse_write_out));
 }
 
+TEST_F(FuseAppLoopTest, Break) {
+    // Ensure that the loop started.
+    request_.Reset(sizeof(fuse_open_in), FUSE_OPEN, 1);
+    request_.header.nodeid = 10;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(request_.Write(sockets_[0]));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(response_.Read(sockets_[0]));
+
+    loop_->Break();
+    if (thread_.joinable()) {
+        thread_.join();
+    }
+}
+
 }  // namespace fuse
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/libappfuse/tests/FuseBridgeLoopTest.cc b/libappfuse/tests/FuseBridgeLoopTest.cc
index e74d9e7..51d6051 100644
--- a/libappfuse/tests/FuseBridgeLoopTest.cc
+++ b/libappfuse/tests/FuseBridgeLoopTest.cc
@@ -32,10 +32,12 @@
 class Callback : public FuseBridgeLoopCallback {
  public:
   bool mounted;
-  Callback() : mounted(false) {}
-  void OnMount() override {
-    mounted = true;
-  }
+  bool closed;
+  Callback() : mounted(false), closed(false) {}
+
+  void OnMount(int /*mount_id*/) override { mounted = true; }
+
+  void OnClosed(int /* mount_id */) override { closed = true; }
 };
 
 class FuseBridgeLoopTest : public ::testing::Test {
@@ -50,18 +52,12 @@
 
   void SetUp() override {
     base::SetMinimumLogSeverity(base::VERBOSE);
-    int dev_sockets[2];
-    int proxy_sockets[2];
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0, dev_sockets));
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_SEQPACKET, 0, proxy_sockets));
-    dev_sockets_[0].reset(dev_sockets[0]);
-    dev_sockets_[1].reset(dev_sockets[1]);
-    proxy_sockets_[0].reset(proxy_sockets[0]);
-    proxy_sockets_[1].reset(proxy_sockets[1]);
-
+    ASSERT_TRUE(SetupMessageSockets(&dev_sockets_));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(SetupMessageSockets(&proxy_sockets_));
     thread_ = std::thread([this] {
-      StartFuseBridgeLoop(
-          dev_sockets_[1].release(), proxy_sockets_[0].release(), &callback_);
+        FuseBridgeLoop loop;
+        loop.AddBridge(1, std::move(dev_sockets_[1]), std::move(proxy_sockets_[0]));
+        loop.Start(&callback_);
     });
   }
 
@@ -122,6 +118,7 @@
     if (thread_.joinable()) {
       thread_.join();
     }
+    ASSERT_TRUE(callback_.closed);
   }
 
   void TearDown() override {
diff --git a/libappfuse/tests/FuseBufferTest.cc b/libappfuse/tests/FuseBufferTest.cc
index 1a1abd5..ade34ac 100644
--- a/libappfuse/tests/FuseBufferTest.cc
+++ b/libappfuse/tests/FuseBufferTest.cc
@@ -112,30 +112,6 @@
   TestWriteInvalidLength(sizeof(fuse_in_header) - 1);
 }
 
-TEST(FuseMessageTest, ShortWriteAndRead) {
-  int raw_fds[2];
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, raw_fds));
-
-  android::base::unique_fd fds[2];
-  fds[0].reset(raw_fds[0]);
-  fds[1].reset(raw_fds[1]);
-
-  const int send_buffer_size = 1024;
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, setsockopt(fds[0], SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &send_buffer_size,
-                          sizeof(int)));
-
-  bool succeed = false;
-  const int sender_fd = fds[0].get();
-  std::thread thread([sender_fd, &succeed] {
-    FuseRequest request;
-    request.header.len = 1024 * 4;
-    succeed = request.Write(sender_fd);
-  });
-  thread.detach();
-  FuseRequest request;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(request.Read(fds[1]));
-}
-
 TEST(FuseResponseTest, Reset) {
   FuseResponse response;
   // Write 1 to the first ten bytes.
@@ -211,5 +187,29 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(-ENOSYS, buffer.response.header.error);
 }
 
+TEST(SetupMessageSocketsTest, Stress) {
+    constexpr int kCount = 1000;
+
+    FuseRequest request;
+    request.header.len = sizeof(FuseRequest);
+
+    base::unique_fd fds[2];
+    SetupMessageSockets(&fds);
+
+    std::thread thread([&fds] {
+        FuseRequest request;
+        for (int i = 0; i < kCount; ++i) {
+            ASSERT_TRUE(request.Read(fds[1]));
+            usleep(1000);
+        }
+    });
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < kCount; ++i) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(request.Write(fds[0]));
+    }
+
+    thread.join();
+}
+
 } // namespace fuse
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libasyncio/Android.bp b/libasyncio/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a637ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libasyncio/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+libasyncio_cppflags = [
+    "-Wall",
+    "-Wextra",
+    "-Werror",
+]
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libasyncio",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    host_supported: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "AsyncIO.cpp",
+    ],
+    cppflags: libasyncio_cppflags,
+
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    target: {
+        darwin: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+        linux_bionic: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+        windows: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/libasyncio/AsyncIO.cpp b/libasyncio/AsyncIO.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7430bc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libasyncio/AsyncIO.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <asyncio/AsyncIO.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+int io_setup(unsigned nr, aio_context_t* ctxp) {
+    memset(ctxp, 0, sizeof(*ctxp));
+    return syscall(__NR_io_setup, nr, ctxp);
+}
+
+int io_destroy(aio_context_t ctx) {
+    return syscall(__NR_io_destroy, ctx);
+}
+
+int io_submit(aio_context_t ctx, long nr, iocb** iocbpp) {
+    return syscall(__NR_io_submit, ctx, nr, iocbpp);
+}
+
+int io_getevents(aio_context_t ctx, long min_nr, long max_nr, io_event* events, timespec* timeout) {
+    return syscall(__NR_io_getevents, ctx, min_nr, max_nr, events, timeout);
+}
+
+int io_cancel(aio_context_t ctx, iocb* iocbp, io_event* result) {
+    return syscall(__NR_io_cancel, ctx, iocbp, result);
+}
+
+void io_prep(iocb* iocb, int fd, const void* buf, uint64_t count, int64_t offset, bool read) {
+    memset(iocb, 0, sizeof(*iocb));
+    iocb->aio_fildes = fd;
+    iocb->aio_lio_opcode = read ? IOCB_CMD_PREAD : IOCB_CMD_PWRITE;
+    iocb->aio_reqprio = 0;
+    iocb->aio_buf = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(buf);
+    iocb->aio_nbytes = count;
+    iocb->aio_offset = offset;
+}
diff --git a/libasyncio/include/asyncio/AsyncIO.h b/libasyncio/include/asyncio/AsyncIO.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3fb93a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libasyncio/include/asyncio/AsyncIO.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _ASYNCIO_H
+#define _ASYNCIO_H
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <linux/aio_abi.h>
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Provides kernel aio operations.
+ */
+
+int io_setup(unsigned nr, aio_context_t* ctxp);
+int io_destroy(aio_context_t ctx);
+int io_submit(aio_context_t ctx, long nr, iocb** iocbpp);
+int io_getevents(aio_context_t ctx, long min_nr, long max_nr, io_event* events, timespec* timeout);
+int io_cancel(aio_context_t ctx, iocb*, io_event* result);
+void io_prep(iocb* iocb, int fd, const void* buf, uint64_t count, int64_t offset, bool read);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+};
+#endif
+
+#endif  // ASYNCIO_H
diff --git a/libbacktrace/Android.bp b/libbacktrace/Android.bp
index a643a29..e889bdd 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/Android.bp
+++ b/libbacktrace/Android.bp
@@ -53,6 +53,8 @@
     "UnwindCurrent.cpp",
     "UnwindMap.cpp",
     "UnwindPtrace.cpp",
+    "UnwindStack.cpp",
+    "UnwindStackMap.cpp",
 ]
 
 cc_library_headers {
@@ -64,6 +66,10 @@
 cc_library {
     name: "libbacktrace",
     vendor_available: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+        support_system_process: true,
+    },
     defaults: ["libbacktrace_common"],
     host_supported: true,
 
@@ -84,6 +90,7 @@
                 "libbase",
                 "liblog",
                 "libunwind",
+                "libunwindstack",
             ],
 
             static_libs: ["libcutils"],
@@ -97,6 +104,7 @@
                 "libbase",
                 "liblog",
                 "libunwind",
+                "libunwindstack",
             ],
 
             static_libs: ["libcutils"],
@@ -108,6 +116,7 @@
                 "libbase",
                 "liblog",
                 "libunwind",
+                "libunwindstack",
             ],
 
             static_libs: ["libasync_safe", "libcutils"],
@@ -130,11 +139,13 @@
         linux: {
             shared_libs: [
                 "libunwind",
+                "libunwindstack",
             ],
         },
         android: {
             shared_libs: [
                 "libunwind",
+                "libunwindstack",
             ],
         },
     }
@@ -161,6 +172,8 @@
     shared_libs = [
         "libbase",
         "libunwind",
+        "libunwindstack",
+        "libziparchive",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -191,6 +204,7 @@
         "libcutils",
         "liblog",
         "libunwind",
+        "libunwindstack",
     ],
 
     group_static_libs: true,
@@ -229,4 +243,25 @@
             static_libs: ["libutils"],
         },
     },
+
+    data: [
+        "testdata/arm/*",
+        "testdata/arm64/*",
+        "testdata/x86/*",
+        "testdata/x86_64/*",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_benchmark {
+    name: "backtrace_benchmarks",
+    defaults: ["libbacktrace_common"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "backtrace_benchmarks.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbacktrace",
+        "libbase",
+    ],
 }
diff --git a/libbacktrace/Backtrace.cpp b/libbacktrace/Backtrace.cpp
index e46d353..81f5e32 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/Backtrace.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/Backtrace.cpp
@@ -84,10 +84,8 @@
 }
 
 std::string Backtrace::FormatFrameData(const backtrace_frame_data_t* frame) {
-  uintptr_t relative_pc;
   std::string map_name;
   if (BacktraceMap::IsValid(frame->map)) {
-    relative_pc = BacktraceMap::GetRelativePc(frame->map, frame->pc);
     if (!frame->map.name.empty()) {
       map_name = frame->map.name.c_str();
       if (map_name[0] == '[' && map_name[map_name.size() - 1] == ']') {
@@ -99,10 +97,9 @@
     }
   } else {
     map_name = "<unknown>";
-    relative_pc = frame->pc;
   }
 
-  std::string line(StringPrintf("#%02zu pc %" PRIPTR "  ", frame->num, relative_pc));
+  std::string line(StringPrintf("#%02zu pc %" PRIPTR "  ", frame->num, frame->rel_pc));
   line += map_name;
   // Special handling for non-zero offset maps, we need to print that
   // information.
diff --git a/libbacktrace/UnwindCurrent.cpp b/libbacktrace/UnwindCurrent.cpp
index 3c509e6..2c87fa8 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/UnwindCurrent.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/UnwindCurrent.cpp
@@ -133,6 +133,11 @@
           backtrace_frame_data_t* prev = &frames_.at(num_frames-1);
           prev->stack_size = frame->sp - prev->sp;
         }
+        if (BacktraceMap::IsValid(frame->map)) {
+          frame->rel_pc = frame->pc - frame->map.start + frame->map.load_bias;
+        } else {
+          frame->rel_pc = frame->pc;
+        }
         num_frames++;
       } else {
         num_ignore_frames--;
diff --git a/libbacktrace/UnwindMap.cpp b/libbacktrace/UnwindMap.cpp
index af79562..0b8232b 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/UnwindMap.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/UnwindMap.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
     map.start = unw_map.start;
     map.end = unw_map.end;
     map.offset = unw_map.offset;
-    map.load_base = unw_map.load_base;
+    map.load_bias = unw_map.load_base;
     map.flags = unw_map.flags;
     map.name = unw_map.path;
 
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@
       map.start = unw_map.start;
       map.end = unw_map.end;
       map.offset = unw_map.offset;
-      map.load_base = unw_map.load_base;
+      map.load_bias = unw_map.load_base;
       map.flags = unw_map.flags;
       map.name = unw_map.path;
 
diff --git a/libbacktrace/UnwindPtrace.cpp b/libbacktrace/UnwindPtrace.cpp
index 42ac1bc..87282ef 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/UnwindPtrace.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/UnwindPtrace.cpp
@@ -135,6 +135,11 @@
       }
 
       FillInMap(frame->pc, &frame->map);
+      if (BacktraceMap::IsValid(frame->map)) {
+        frame->rel_pc = frame->pc - frame->map.start + frame->map.load_bias;
+      } else {
+        frame->rel_pc = frame->pc;
+      }
 
       frame->func_name = GetFunctionName(frame->pc, &frame->func_offset, &frame->map);
 
diff --git a/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.cpp b/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61812ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ucontext.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#if !defined(__ANDROID__)
+#include <cutils/threads.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
+#include <demangle.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
+#include <unwindstack/RegsGetLocal.h>
+
+#include "BacktraceLog.h"
+#include "UnwindStack.h"
+#include "UnwindStackMap.h"
+
+static std::string GetFunctionName(BacktraceMap* back_map, uintptr_t pc, uintptr_t* offset) {
+  *offset = 0;
+  unwindstack::Maps* maps = reinterpret_cast<UnwindStackMap*>(back_map)->stack_maps();
+
+  // Get the map for this
+  unwindstack::MapInfo* map_info = maps->Find(pc);
+  if (map_info == nullptr || map_info->flags & PROT_DEVICE_MAP) {
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  UnwindStackMap* stack_map = reinterpret_cast<UnwindStackMap*>(back_map);
+  unwindstack::Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(stack_map->process_memory(), true);
+
+  std::string name;
+  uint64_t func_offset;
+  if (!elf->GetFunctionName(elf->GetRelPc(pc, map_info), &name, &func_offset)) {
+    return "";
+  }
+  *offset = func_offset;
+  return name;
+}
+
+static bool IsUnwindLibrary(const std::string& map_name) {
+  const std::string library(basename(map_name.c_str()));
+  return library == "libunwindstack.so" || library == "libbacktrace.so";
+}
+
+static bool Unwind(unwindstack::Regs* regs, BacktraceMap* back_map,
+                   std::vector<backtrace_frame_data_t>* frames, size_t num_ignore_frames) {
+  UnwindStackMap* stack_map = reinterpret_cast<UnwindStackMap*>(back_map);
+  unwindstack::Maps* maps = stack_map->stack_maps();
+  bool adjust_rel_pc = false;
+  size_t num_frames = 0;
+  frames->clear();
+  while (num_frames < MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES) {
+    if (regs->pc() == 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+    unwindstack::MapInfo* map_info = maps->Find(regs->pc());
+    if (map_info == nullptr) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    unwindstack::Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(stack_map->process_memory(), true);
+    uint64_t rel_pc = elf->GetRelPc(regs->pc(), map_info);
+
+    bool skip_frame = num_frames == 0 && IsUnwindLibrary(map_info->name);
+    if (num_ignore_frames == 0 && !skip_frame) {
+      uint64_t adjusted_rel_pc = rel_pc;
+      if (adjust_rel_pc) {
+        adjusted_rel_pc = regs->GetAdjustedPc(rel_pc, elf);
+      }
+      frames->resize(num_frames + 1);
+      backtrace_frame_data_t* frame = &frames->at(num_frames);
+      frame->num = num_frames;
+      // This will point to the adjusted absolute pc. regs->pc() is
+      // unaltered.
+      frame->pc = map_info->start + adjusted_rel_pc;
+      frame->sp = regs->sp();
+      frame->rel_pc = adjusted_rel_pc;
+      frame->stack_size = 0;
+
+      frame->map.start = map_info->start;
+      frame->map.end = map_info->end;
+      frame->map.offset = map_info->offset;
+      frame->map.load_bias = elf->GetLoadBias();
+      frame->map.flags = map_info->flags;
+      frame->map.name = map_info->name;
+
+      uint64_t func_offset = 0;
+      if (elf->GetFunctionName(adjusted_rel_pc, &frame->func_name, &func_offset)) {
+        frame->func_name = demangle(frame->func_name.c_str());
+      } else {
+        frame->func_name = "";
+      }
+      frame->func_offset = func_offset;
+      if (num_frames > 0) {
+        // Set the stack size for the previous frame.
+        backtrace_frame_data_t* prev = &frames->at(num_frames - 1);
+        prev->stack_size = frame->sp - prev->sp;
+      }
+      num_frames++;
+    } else if (!skip_frame && num_ignore_frames > 0) {
+      num_ignore_frames--;
+    }
+    adjust_rel_pc = true;
+
+    // Do not unwind through a device map.
+    if (map_info->flags & PROT_DEVICE_MAP) {
+      break;
+    }
+    unwindstack::MapInfo* sp_info = maps->Find(regs->sp());
+    if (sp_info->flags & PROT_DEVICE_MAP) {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    if (!elf->Step(rel_pc + map_info->elf_offset, regs, stack_map->process_memory().get())) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+UnwindStackCurrent::UnwindStackCurrent(pid_t pid, pid_t tid, BacktraceMap* map)
+    : BacktraceCurrent(pid, tid, map) {}
+
+std::string UnwindStackCurrent::GetFunctionNameRaw(uintptr_t pc, uintptr_t* offset) {
+  return ::GetFunctionName(GetMap(), pc, offset);
+}
+
+bool UnwindStackCurrent::UnwindFromContext(size_t num_ignore_frames, ucontext_t* ucontext) {
+  std::unique_ptr<unwindstack::Regs> regs;
+  if (ucontext == nullptr) {
+    regs.reset(unwindstack::Regs::CreateFromLocal());
+    // Fill in the registers from this function. Do it here to avoid
+    // one extra function call appearing in the unwind.
+    unwindstack::RegsGetLocal(regs.get());
+  } else {
+    regs.reset(
+        unwindstack::Regs::CreateFromUcontext(unwindstack::Regs::CurrentMachineType(), ucontext));
+  }
+
+  error_ = BACKTRACE_UNWIND_NO_ERROR;
+  return ::Unwind(regs.get(), GetMap(), &frames_, num_ignore_frames);
+}
+
+UnwindStackPtrace::UnwindStackPtrace(pid_t pid, pid_t tid, BacktraceMap* map)
+    : BacktracePtrace(pid, tid, map) {}
+
+std::string UnwindStackPtrace::GetFunctionNameRaw(uintptr_t pc, uintptr_t* offset) {
+  return ::GetFunctionName(GetMap(), pc, offset);
+}
+
+bool UnwindStackPtrace::Unwind(size_t num_ignore_frames, ucontext_t* context) {
+  std::unique_ptr<unwindstack::Regs> regs;
+  if (context == nullptr) {
+    regs.reset(unwindstack::Regs::RemoteGet(Tid()));
+  } else {
+    regs.reset(
+        unwindstack::Regs::CreateFromUcontext(unwindstack::Regs::CurrentMachineType(), context));
+  }
+
+  error_ = BACKTRACE_UNWIND_NO_ERROR;
+  return ::Unwind(regs.get(), GetMap(), &frames_, num_ignore_frames);
+}
+
+Backtrace* Backtrace::CreateNew(pid_t pid, pid_t tid, BacktraceMap* map) {
+  if (pid == BACKTRACE_CURRENT_PROCESS) {
+    pid = getpid();
+    if (tid == BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD) {
+      tid = gettid();
+    }
+  } else if (tid == BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD) {
+    tid = pid;
+  }
+
+  if (map == nullptr) {
+// This would cause the wrong type of map object to be created, so disallow.
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+    __assert2(__FILE__, __LINE__, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__,
+              "Backtrace::CreateNew() must be called with a real map pointer.");
+#else
+    BACK_LOGE("Backtrace::CreateNew() must be called with a real map pointer.");
+    abort();
+#endif
+  }
+
+  if (pid == getpid()) {
+    return new UnwindStackCurrent(pid, tid, map);
+  } else {
+    return new UnwindStackPtrace(pid, tid, map);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.h b/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be9ef63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBBACKTRACE_UNWIND_STACK_H
+#define _LIBBACKTRACE_UNWIND_STACK_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <backtrace/BacktraceMap.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+#include "BacktraceCurrent.h"
+#include "BacktracePtrace.h"
+
+class UnwindStackCurrent : public BacktraceCurrent {
+ public:
+  UnwindStackCurrent(pid_t pid, pid_t tid, BacktraceMap* map);
+  virtual ~UnwindStackCurrent() = default;
+
+  std::string GetFunctionNameRaw(uintptr_t pc, uintptr_t* offset) override;
+
+  bool UnwindFromContext(size_t num_ignore_frames, ucontext_t* ucontext) override;
+};
+
+class UnwindStackPtrace : public BacktracePtrace {
+ public:
+  UnwindStackPtrace(pid_t pid, pid_t tid, BacktraceMap* map);
+  virtual ~UnwindStackPtrace() = default;
+
+  bool Unwind(size_t num_ignore_frames, ucontext_t* context) override;
+
+  std::string GetFunctionNameRaw(uintptr_t pc, uintptr_t* offset);
+};
+
+#endif  // _LIBBACKTRACE_UNWIND_STACK_H
diff --git a/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.cpp b/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4a2444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <backtrace/BacktraceMap.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
+
+#include "UnwindStackMap.h"
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+UnwindStackMap::UnwindStackMap(pid_t pid) : BacktraceMap(pid) {}
+
+bool UnwindStackMap::Build() {
+  if (pid_ == 0) {
+    pid_ = getpid();
+    stack_maps_.reset(new unwindstack::LocalMaps);
+  } else {
+    stack_maps_.reset(new unwindstack::RemoteMaps(pid_));
+  }
+
+  // Create the process memory object.
+  process_memory_ = unwindstack::Memory::CreateProcessMemory(pid_);
+
+  if (!stack_maps_->Parse()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Iterate through the maps and fill in the backtrace_map_t structure.
+  for (auto& map_info : *stack_maps_) {
+    backtrace_map_t map;
+    map.start = map_info.start;
+    map.end = map_info.end;
+    map.offset = map_info.offset;
+    // Set to -1 so that it is demand loaded.
+    map.load_bias = static_cast<uintptr_t>(-1);
+    map.flags = map_info.flags;
+    map.name = map_info.name;
+
+    maps_.push_back(map);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void UnwindStackMap::FillIn(uintptr_t addr, backtrace_map_t* map) {
+  BacktraceMap::FillIn(addr, map);
+  if (map->load_bias != static_cast<uintptr_t>(-1)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Fill in the load_bias.
+  unwindstack::MapInfo* map_info = stack_maps_->Find(addr);
+  if (map_info == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  unwindstack::Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(process_memory_, true);
+  map->load_bias = elf->GetLoadBias();
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// BacktraceMap create function.
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+BacktraceMap* BacktraceMap::CreateNew(pid_t pid, bool uncached) {
+  BacktraceMap* map;
+
+  if (uncached) {
+    // Force use of the base class to parse the maps when this call is made.
+    map = new BacktraceMap(pid);
+  } else if (pid == getpid()) {
+    map = new UnwindStackMap(0);
+  } else {
+    map = new UnwindStackMap(pid);
+  }
+  if (!map->Build()) {
+    delete map;
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return map;
+}
diff --git a/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.h b/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b93b340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBBACKTRACE_UNWINDSTACK_MAP_H
+#define _LIBBACKTRACE_UNWINDSTACK_MAP_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <backtrace/BacktraceMap.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
+
+class UnwindStackMap : public BacktraceMap {
+ public:
+  explicit UnwindStackMap(pid_t pid);
+  ~UnwindStackMap() = default;
+
+  bool Build() override;
+
+  void FillIn(uintptr_t addr, backtrace_map_t* map) override;
+
+  unwindstack::Maps* stack_maps() { return stack_maps_.get(); }
+
+  const std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>& process_memory() { return process_memory_; }
+
+ protected:
+  std::unique_ptr<unwindstack::Maps> stack_maps_;
+  std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory> process_memory_;
+};
+
+#endif  // _LIBBACKTRACE_UNWINDSTACK_MAP_H
diff --git a/libbacktrace/backtrace_benchmarks.cpp b/libbacktrace/backtrace_benchmarks.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30c2a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libbacktrace/backtrace_benchmarks.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
+#include <backtrace/BacktraceMap.h>
+
+// Definitions of prctl arguments to set a vma name in Android kernels.
+#define ANDROID_PR_SET_VMA 0x53564d41
+#define ANDROID_PR_SET_VMA_ANON_NAME 0
+
+constexpr size_t kNumMaps = 2000;
+constexpr size_t kNumIterations = 1000;
+
+static bool CountMaps(pid_t pid, size_t* num_maps) {
+  // Minimize the calls that might allocate memory. If too much memory
+  // gets allocated, then this routine will add extra maps and the next
+  // call will fail to get the same number of maps as before.
+  int fd =
+      open((std::string("/proc/") + std::to_string(pid) + "/maps").c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+  if (fd == -1) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open map file for pid %d: %s\n", pid, strerror(errno));
+    return false;
+  }
+  *num_maps = 0;
+  while (true) {
+    char buffer[2048];
+    ssize_t bytes = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+    if (bytes <= 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+    // Count the '\n'.
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<size_t>(bytes); i++) {
+      if (buffer[i] == '\n') {
+        ++*num_maps;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  close(fd);
+  return true;
+}
+
+static void CreateMap(benchmark::State& state, BacktraceMap* (*map_func)(pid_t, bool)) {
+  state.PauseTiming();
+  // Create a remote process so that the map data is exactly the same.
+  // Also, so that we can create a set number of maps.
+  pid_t pid;
+  if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
+    size_t num_maps;
+    if (!CountMaps(getpid(), &num_maps)) {
+      exit(1);
+    }
+    // Create uniquely named maps.
+    std::vector<void*> maps;
+    for (size_t i = num_maps; i < kNumMaps; i++) {
+      int flags = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
+      // Alternate page type to make sure a map entry is added for each call.
+      if ((i % 2) == 0) {
+        flags |= PROT_EXEC;
+      }
+      void* memory = mmap(nullptr, PAGE_SIZE, flags, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
+      if (memory == MAP_FAILED) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create map: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+        exit(1);
+      }
+      memset(memory, 0x1, PAGE_SIZE);
+      if (prctl(ANDROID_PR_SET_VMA, ANDROID_PR_SET_VMA_ANON_NAME, memory, PAGE_SIZE, "test_map") ==
+          -1) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+      }
+      maps.push_back(memory);
+    }
+
+    if (!CountMaps(getpid(), &num_maps)) {
+      exit(1);
+    }
+
+    if (num_maps != kNumMaps) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Maps set incorrectly: %zu found, %zu expected.\n", num_maps, kNumMaps);
+      std::string str;
+      android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/self/maps", &str);
+      fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", str.c_str());
+      exit(1);
+    }
+
+    // Wait for an hour at most.
+    sleep(3600);
+    exit(1);
+  } else if (pid < 0) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Fork failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  size_t num_maps = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
+    if (CountMaps(pid, &num_maps) && num_maps == kNumMaps) {
+      break;
+    }
+    usleep(1000);
+  }
+  if (num_maps != kNumMaps) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "Timed out waiting for the number of maps available: %zu\n", num_maps);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  state.ResumeTiming();
+  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < static_cast<size_t>(state.range(0)); i++) {
+      BacktraceMap* map = map_func(pid, false);
+      if (map == nullptr) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create map\n");
+        return;
+      }
+      delete map;
+    }
+  }
+  state.PauseTiming();
+
+  kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+  waitpid(pid, nullptr, 0);
+}
+
+static void BM_create_map(benchmark::State& state) {
+  CreateMap(state, BacktraceMap::Create);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_create_map)->Arg(kNumIterations);
+
+static void BM_create_map_new(benchmark::State& state) {
+  CreateMap(state, BacktraceMap::CreateNew);
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_create_map_new)->Arg(kNumIterations);
+
+BENCHMARK_MAIN();
diff --git a/libbacktrace/backtrace_offline_test.cpp b/libbacktrace/backtrace_offline_test.cpp
index 465b3f9..0a1f33d 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/backtrace_offline_test.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/backtrace_offline_test.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <backtrace/Backtrace.h>
@@ -129,6 +130,10 @@
   return nullptr;
 }
 
+std::string GetTestPath(std::string path) {
+  return android::base::GetExecutableDirectory() + "/testdata/" + ABI_STRING + '/' + path;
+}
+
 // This test is disable because it is for generating test data.
 TEST(libbacktrace, DISABLED_generate_offline_testdata) {
   // Create a thread to generate the needed stack and registers information.
@@ -167,9 +172,9 @@
   // 2. Dump maps
   for (auto it = map->begin(); it != map->end(); ++it) {
     testdata += android::base::StringPrintf(
-        "map: start: %" PRIxPTR " end: %" PRIxPTR " offset: %" PRIxPTR
-        " load_base: %" PRIxPTR " flags: %d name: %s\n",
-        it->start, it->end, it->offset, it->load_base, it->flags, it->name.c_str());
+        "map: start: %" PRIxPTR " end: %" PRIxPTR " offset: %" PRIxPTR " load_bias: %" PRIxPTR
+        " flags: %d name: %s\n",
+        it->start, it->end, it->offset, it->load_bias, it->flags, it->name.c_str());
   }
   // 3. Dump registers
   testdata += android::base::StringPrintf("registers: %zu ", sizeof(arg.unw_context));
@@ -206,20 +211,6 @@
   return "";
 }
 
-static std::string GetArch() {
-#if defined(__arm__)
-  return "arm";
-#elif defined(__aarch64__)
-  return "aarch64";
-#elif defined(__i386__)
-  return "x86";
-#elif defined(__x86_64__)
-  return "x86_64";
-#else
-  return "";
-#endif
-}
-
 struct OfflineTestData {
   int pid;
   int tid;
@@ -246,9 +237,9 @@
       backtrace_map_t& map = testdata->maps.back();
       int pos;
       sscanf(line.c_str(),
-             "map: start: %" SCNxPTR " end: %" SCNxPTR " offset: %" SCNxPTR
-             " load_base: %" SCNxPTR " flags: %d name: %n",
-             &map.start, &map.end, &map.offset, &map.load_base, &map.flags, &pos);
+             "map: start: %" SCNxPTR " end: %" SCNxPTR " offset: %" SCNxPTR " load_bias: %" SCNxPTR
+             " flags: %d name: %n",
+             &map.start, &map.end, &map.offset, &map.load_bias, &map.flags, &pos);
       map.name = android::base::Trim(line.substr(pos));
     } else if (android::base::StartsWith(line, "registers:")) {
       size_t size;
@@ -280,20 +271,15 @@
   return true;
 }
 
-static void BacktraceOfflineTest(const std::string& testlib_name) {
-  const std::string arch = GetArch();
-  if (arch.empty()) {
-    GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing on current arch.";
-    return;
-  }
-  const std::string testlib_path = "testdata/" + arch + "/" + testlib_name;
-  struct stat st;
-  if (stat(testlib_path.c_str(), &st) == -1) {
-    GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test is skipped as " << testlib_path << " doesn't exist.";
+static void BacktraceOfflineTest(const char* arch, const std::string& testlib_name) {
+  // TODO: For now, we can only run this on the same arch as the library arch.
+  if (std::string(ABI_STRING) != arch) {
+    GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "Ignoring arch " << arch << " for lib " << testlib_name;
     return;
   }
 
-  const std::string offline_testdata_path = "testdata/" + arch + "/offline_testdata";
+  const std::string testlib_path(GetTestPath(testlib_name));
+  const std::string offline_testdata_path(GetTestPath("offline_testdata"));
   OfflineTestData testdata;
   ASSERT_TRUE(ReadOfflineTestData(offline_testdata_path, &testdata));
 
@@ -339,35 +325,40 @@
                                                       testdata.symbols));
 }
 
+// For now, these tests can only run on the given architectures.
 TEST(libbacktrace, offline_eh_frame) {
-  BacktraceOfflineTest("libbacktrace_test_eh_frame.so");
+  BacktraceOfflineTest("arm64", "libbacktrace_test_eh_frame.so");
+  BacktraceOfflineTest("x86_64", "libbacktrace_test_eh_frame.so");
 }
 
 TEST(libbacktrace, offline_debug_frame) {
-  BacktraceOfflineTest("libbacktrace_test_debug_frame.so");
+  BacktraceOfflineTest("arm", "libbacktrace_test_debug_frame.so");
+  BacktraceOfflineTest("x86", "libbacktrace_test_debug_frame.so");
 }
 
 TEST(libbacktrace, offline_gnu_debugdata) {
-  BacktraceOfflineTest("libbacktrace_test_gnu_debugdata.so");
+  BacktraceOfflineTest("arm", "libbacktrace_test_gnu_debugdata.so");
+  BacktraceOfflineTest("x86", "libbacktrace_test_gnu_debugdata.so");
 }
 
 TEST(libbacktrace, offline_arm_exidx) {
-  BacktraceOfflineTest("libbacktrace_test_arm_exidx.so");
+  BacktraceOfflineTest("arm", "libbacktrace_test_arm_exidx.so");
 }
 
 // This test tests the situation that ranges of functions covered by .eh_frame and .ARM.exidx
 // overlap with each other, which appears in /system/lib/libart.so.
 TEST(libbacktrace, offline_unwind_mix_eh_frame_and_arm_exidx) {
-  const std::string arch = GetArch();
-  if (arch.empty() || arch != "arm") {
-    GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing on current arch.";
+  // TODO: For now, only run on the given arch.
+  if (std::string(ABI_STRING) != "arm") {
+    GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "Skipping test since offline for arm on " << ABI_STRING
+                     << " isn't supported.";
     return;
   }
-  const std::string testlib_path = "testdata/" + arch + "/libart.so";
+  const std::string testlib_path(GetTestPath("libart.so"));
   struct stat st;
   ASSERT_EQ(0, stat(testlib_path.c_str(), &st)) << "can't find testlib " << testlib_path;
 
-  const std::string offline_testdata_path = "testdata/" + arch + "/offline_testdata_for_libart";
+  const std::string offline_testdata_path(GetTestPath("offline_testdata_for_libart"));
   OfflineTestData testdata;
   ASSERT_TRUE(ReadOfflineTestData(offline_testdata_path, &testdata));
 
@@ -392,8 +383,8 @@
   // The last frame is outside of libart.so
   ASSERT_EQ(testdata.symbols.size() + 1, backtrace->NumFrames());
   for (size_t i = 0; i + 1 < backtrace->NumFrames(); ++i) {
-    uintptr_t vaddr_in_file = backtrace->GetFrame(i)->pc - testdata.maps[0].start +
-        testdata.maps[0].load_base;
+    uintptr_t vaddr_in_file =
+        backtrace->GetFrame(i)->pc - testdata.maps[0].start + testdata.maps[0].load_bias;
     std::string name = FunctionNameForAddress(vaddr_in_file, testdata.symbols);
     ASSERT_EQ(name, testdata.symbols[i].name);
   }
diff --git a/libbacktrace/backtrace_test.cpp b/libbacktrace/backtrace_test.cpp
index fb463b0..9fe2d1c 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/backtrace_test.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/backtrace_test.cpp
@@ -304,8 +304,10 @@
   ASSERT_NE(test_recursive_call(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES+10, VerifyMaxBacktrace, nullptr), 0);
 }
 
-static void VerifyProcTest(pid_t pid, pid_t tid, bool share_map, bool (*ReadyFunc)(Backtrace*),
-                           void (*VerifyFunc)(Backtrace*)) {
+static void VerifyProcTest(pid_t pid, pid_t tid, bool (*ReadyFunc)(Backtrace*),
+                           void (*VerifyFunc)(Backtrace*),
+                           Backtrace* (*back_func)(pid_t, pid_t, BacktraceMap*),
+                           BacktraceMap* (*map_func)(pid_t, bool)) {
   pid_t ptrace_tid;
   if (tid < 0) {
     ptrace_tid = pid;
@@ -322,10 +324,8 @@
       WaitForStop(ptrace_tid);
 
       std::unique_ptr<BacktraceMap> map;
-      if (share_map) {
-        map.reset(BacktraceMap::Create(pid));
-      }
-      std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(Backtrace::Create(pid, tid, map.get()));
+      map.reset(map_func(pid, false));
+      std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(back_func(pid, tid, map.get()));
       ASSERT_TRUE(backtrace.get() != nullptr);
       ASSERT_TRUE(backtrace->Unwind(0));
       ASSERT_EQ(BACKTRACE_UNWIND_NO_ERROR, backtrace->GetError());
@@ -349,21 +349,22 @@
     ASSERT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
     _exit(1);
   }
-  VerifyProcTest(pid, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD, false, ReadyLevelBacktrace, VerifyLevelDump);
+  VerifyProcTest(pid, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD, ReadyLevelBacktrace, VerifyLevelDump,
+                 Backtrace::Create, BacktraceMap::Create);
 
   kill(pid, SIGKILL);
   int status;
   ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, ptrace_trace_shared_map) {
+TEST(libbacktrace, ptrace_trace_new) {
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
     ASSERT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
     _exit(1);
   }
-
-  VerifyProcTest(pid, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD, true, ReadyLevelBacktrace, VerifyLevelDump);
+  VerifyProcTest(pid, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD, ReadyLevelBacktrace, VerifyLevelDump,
+                 Backtrace::CreateNew, BacktraceMap::CreateNew);
 
   kill(pid, SIGKILL);
   int status;
@@ -376,7 +377,22 @@
     ASSERT_NE(test_recursive_call(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES+10, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
     _exit(1);
   }
-  VerifyProcTest(pid, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD, false, ReadyMaxBacktrace, VerifyMaxDump);
+  VerifyProcTest(pid, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD, ReadyMaxBacktrace, VerifyMaxDump, Backtrace::Create,
+                 BacktraceMap::Create);
+
+  kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+  int status;
+  ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+}
+
+TEST(libbacktrace, ptrace_max_trace_new) {
+  pid_t pid;
+  if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
+    ASSERT_NE(test_recursive_call(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES + 10, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
+    _exit(1);
+  }
+  VerifyProcTest(pid, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD, ReadyMaxBacktrace, VerifyMaxDump,
+                 Backtrace::CreateNew, BacktraceMap::CreateNew);
 
   kill(pid, SIGKILL);
   int status;
@@ -403,7 +419,22 @@
     ASSERT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
     _exit(1);
   }
-  VerifyProcTest(pid, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD, false, ReadyLevelBacktrace, VerifyProcessIgnoreFrames);
+  VerifyProcTest(pid, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD, ReadyLevelBacktrace, VerifyProcessIgnoreFrames,
+                 Backtrace::Create, BacktraceMap::Create);
+
+  kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+  int status;
+  ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+}
+
+TEST(libbacktrace, ptrace_ignore_frames_new) {
+  pid_t pid;
+  if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
+    ASSERT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
+    _exit(1);
+  }
+  VerifyProcTest(pid, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD, ReadyLevelBacktrace, VerifyProcessIgnoreFrames,
+                 Backtrace::CreateNew, BacktraceMap::CreateNew);
 
   kill(pid, SIGKILL);
   int status;
@@ -466,7 +497,47 @@
     if (pid == *it) {
       continue;
     }
-    VerifyProcTest(pid, *it, false, ReadyLevelBacktrace, VerifyLevelDump);
+    VerifyProcTest(pid, *it, ReadyLevelBacktrace, VerifyLevelDump, Backtrace::Create,
+                   BacktraceMap::Create);
+  }
+
+  FinishRemoteProcess(pid);
+}
+
+TEST(libbacktrace, ptrace_threads_new) {
+  pid_t pid;
+  if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < NUM_PTRACE_THREADS; i++) {
+      pthread_attr_t attr;
+      pthread_attr_init(&attr);
+      pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
+
+      pthread_t thread;
+      ASSERT_TRUE(pthread_create(&thread, &attr, PtraceThreadLevelRun, nullptr) == 0);
+    }
+    ASSERT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
+    _exit(1);
+  }
+
+  // Check to see that all of the threads are running before unwinding.
+  std::vector<pid_t> threads;
+  uint64_t start = NanoTime();
+  do {
+    usleep(US_PER_MSEC);
+    threads.clear();
+    GetThreads(pid, &threads);
+  } while ((threads.size() != NUM_PTRACE_THREADS + 1) && ((NanoTime() - start) <= 5 * NS_PER_SEC));
+  ASSERT_EQ(threads.size(), static_cast<size_t>(NUM_PTRACE_THREADS + 1));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0) == 0);
+  WaitForStop(pid);
+  for (std::vector<int>::const_iterator it = threads.begin(); it != threads.end(); ++it) {
+    // Skip the current forked process, we only care about the threads.
+    if (pid == *it) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    VerifyProcTest(pid, *it, ReadyLevelBacktrace, VerifyLevelDump, Backtrace::CreateNew,
+                   BacktraceMap::CreateNew);
   }
 
   FinishRemoteProcess(pid);
@@ -784,6 +855,7 @@
   backtrace_frame_data_t frame;
   frame.num = 1;
   frame.pc = 2;
+  frame.rel_pc = 2;
   frame.sp = 0;
   frame.stack_size = 0;
   frame.func_offset = 0;
@@ -799,9 +871,10 @@
 
   // Check map name empty, but exists.
   frame.pc = 0xb0020;
+  frame.rel_pc = 0x20;
   frame.map.start = 0xb0000;
   frame.map.end = 0xbffff;
-  frame.map.load_base = 0;
+  frame.map.load_bias = 0;
 #if defined(__LP64__)
   EXPECT_EQ("#01 pc 0000000000000020  <anonymous:00000000000b0000>",
 #else
@@ -813,7 +886,7 @@
   frame.pc = 0xc0020;
   frame.map.start = 0xc0000;
   frame.map.end = 0xcffff;
-  frame.map.load_base = 0;
+  frame.map.load_bias = 0;
   frame.map.name = "[anon:thread signal stack]";
 #if defined(__LP64__)
   EXPECT_EQ("#01 pc 0000000000000020  [anon:thread signal stack:00000000000c0000]",
@@ -824,6 +897,7 @@
 
   // Check relative pc is set and map name is set.
   frame.pc = 0x12345679;
+  frame.rel_pc = 0x12345678;
   frame.map.name = "MapFake";
   frame.map.start =  1;
   frame.map.end =  1;
@@ -852,9 +926,10 @@
 #endif
             backtrace->FormatFrameData(&frame));
 
-  // Check func_name is set, func offset is non-zero, and load_base is non-zero.
+  // Check func_name is set, func offset is non-zero, and load_bias is non-zero.
+  frame.rel_pc = 0x123456dc;
   frame.func_offset = 645;
-  frame.map.load_base = 100;
+  frame.map.load_bias = 100;
 #if defined(__LP64__)
   EXPECT_EQ("#01 pc 00000000123456dc  MapFake (ProcFake+645)",
 #else
@@ -1575,7 +1650,7 @@
   munmap(device_map, DEVICE_MAP_SIZE);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_disallow_device_map_remote) {
+TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_disallow_device_map_remote_new) {
   void* device_map;
   SetupDeviceMap(&device_map);
 
@@ -1584,13 +1659,11 @@
   CreateRemoteProcess(&pid);
 
   // Now create an unwind object.
-  std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(Backtrace::Create(pid, pid));
+  std::unique_ptr<BacktraceMap> map(BacktraceMap::CreateNew(pid));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(map.get() != nullptr);
+  std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(Backtrace::CreateNew(pid, pid, map.get()));
 
-  // TODO: Currently unwind from context doesn't work on remote
-  // unwind. Keep this test because the new unwinder should support
-  // this eventually, or we can delete this test.
-  // properly with unwind from context.
-  // UnwindFromDevice(backtrace.get(), device_map);
+  UnwindFromDevice(backtrace.get(), device_map);
 
   FinishRemoteProcess(pid);
 
@@ -1629,7 +1702,9 @@
     ;
 }
 
-static void UnwindThroughSignal(bool use_action) {
+static void UnwindThroughSignal(bool use_action,
+                                Backtrace* (*back_func)(pid_t, pid_t, BacktraceMap*),
+                                BacktraceMap* (*map_func)(pid_t, bool)) {
   volatile int value = 0;
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
@@ -1655,7 +1730,8 @@
 
     WaitForStop(pid);
 
-    std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(Backtrace::Create(pid, pid));
+    std::unique_ptr<BacktraceMap> map(map_func(pid, false));
+    std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(back_func(pid, pid, map.get()));
 
     size_t bytes_read = backtrace->Read(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(const_cast<int*>(&value)),
                                         reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&read_value), sizeof(read_value));
@@ -1673,6 +1749,7 @@
   // Wait for the process to get to the signal handler loop.
   Backtrace::const_iterator frame_iter;
   start = NanoTime();
+  std::unique_ptr<BacktraceMap> map;
   std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace;
   while (true) {
     usleep(1000);
@@ -1681,7 +1758,9 @@
 
     WaitForStop(pid);
 
-    backtrace.reset(Backtrace::Create(pid, pid));
+    map.reset(map_func(pid, false));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(map.get() != nullptr);
+    backtrace.reset(back_func(pid, pid, map.get()));
     ASSERT_TRUE(backtrace->Unwind(0));
     bool found = false;
     for (frame_iter = backtrace->begin(); frame_iter != backtrace->end(); ++frame_iter) {
@@ -1737,9 +1816,21 @@
   FinishRemoteProcess(pid);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_remote_through_signal_using_handler) { UnwindThroughSignal(false); }
+TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_remote_through_signal_using_handler) {
+  UnwindThroughSignal(false, Backtrace::Create, BacktraceMap::Create);
+}
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_remote_through_signal_using_action) { UnwindThroughSignal(true); }
+TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_remote_through_signal_using_handler_new) {
+  UnwindThroughSignal(false, Backtrace::CreateNew, BacktraceMap::CreateNew);
+}
+
+TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_remote_through_signal_using_action) {
+  UnwindThroughSignal(true, Backtrace::Create, BacktraceMap::Create);
+}
+
+TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_remote_through_signal_using_action_new) {
+  UnwindThroughSignal(true, Backtrace::CreateNew, BacktraceMap::CreateNew);
+}
 
 #if defined(ENABLE_PSS_TESTS)
 #include "GetPss.h"
diff --git a/libbacktrace/include/backtrace/Backtrace.h b/libbacktrace/include/backtrace/Backtrace.h
index 4f73a65..289fd0c 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/include/backtrace/Backtrace.h
+++ b/libbacktrace/include/backtrace/Backtrace.h
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 struct backtrace_frame_data_t {
   size_t num;             // The current fame number.
   uintptr_t pc;           // The absolute pc.
+  uintptr_t rel_pc;       // The relative pc.
   uintptr_t sp;           // The top of the stack.
   size_t stack_size;      // The size of the stack, zero indicate an unknown stack size.
   backtrace_map_t map;    // The map associated with the given pc.
@@ -89,6 +90,8 @@
   // If map is NULL, then create the map and manage it internally.
   // If map is not NULL, the map is still owned by the caller.
   static Backtrace* Create(pid_t pid, pid_t tid, BacktraceMap* map = NULL);
+  // Same as above, but uses a different underlying unwinder.
+  static Backtrace* CreateNew(pid_t pid, pid_t tid, BacktraceMap* map = NULL);
 
   // Create an offline Backtrace object that can be used to do an unwind without a process
   // that is still running. If cache_file is set to true, then elf information will be cached
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@
   // Create a string representing the formatted line of backtrace information
   // for a single frame.
   virtual std::string FormatFrameData(size_t frame_num);
-  virtual std::string FormatFrameData(const backtrace_frame_data_t* frame);
+  static std::string FormatFrameData(const backtrace_frame_data_t* frame);
 
   pid_t Pid() const { return pid_; }
   pid_t Tid() const { return tid_; }
diff --git a/libbacktrace/include/backtrace/BacktraceMap.h b/libbacktrace/include/backtrace/BacktraceMap.h
index 8ab0dfa..963c34b 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/include/backtrace/BacktraceMap.h
+++ b/libbacktrace/include/backtrace/BacktraceMap.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
   uintptr_t start = 0;
   uintptr_t end = 0;
   uintptr_t offset = 0;
-  uintptr_t load_base = 0;
+  uintptr_t load_bias = 0;
   int flags = 0;
   std::string name;
 };
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@
   // Passing a map created with uncached set to true to Backtrace::Create()
   // is unsupported.
   static BacktraceMap* Create(pid_t pid, bool uncached = false);
+  // Same as above, but is compatible with the new unwinder.
+  static BacktraceMap* CreateNew(pid_t pid, bool uncached = false);
 
   static BacktraceMap* Create(pid_t pid, const std::vector<backtrace_map_t>& maps);
 
@@ -95,14 +97,6 @@
     return map.end > 0;
   }
 
-  static uintptr_t GetRelativePc(const backtrace_map_t& map, uintptr_t pc) {
-    if (IsValid(map)) {
-      return pc - map.start + map.load_base;
-    } else {
-      return pc;
-    }
-  }
-
 protected:
   BacktraceMap(pid_t pid);
 
diff --git a/libbacktrace/include/backtrace/backtrace_constants.h b/libbacktrace/include/backtrace/backtrace_constants.h
index f8c1575..373a1e5 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/include/backtrace/backtrace_constants.h
+++ b/libbacktrace/include/backtrace/backtrace_constants.h
@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@
 // When the pid to be traced is set to this value, then trace the current
 // process. If the tid value is not BACKTRACE_NO_TID, then the specified
 // thread from the current process will be traced.
-#define BACKTRACE_CURRENT_PROCESS -1
+#define BACKTRACE_CURRENT_PROCESS (-1)
 // When the tid to be traced is set to this value, then trace the specified
 // current thread of the specified pid.
-#define BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD -1
+#define BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD (-1)
 
 #define MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES 64
 
diff --git a/libbacktrace/testdata/arm/offline_testdata b/libbacktrace/testdata/arm/offline_testdata
index 43d305a..6acea29 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/testdata/arm/offline_testdata
+++ b/libbacktrace/testdata/arm/offline_testdata
@@ -1,98 +1,98 @@
 pid: 32232 tid: 32233
-map: start: aad19000 end: aad6c000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 5 name: /data/backtrace_test32
-map: start: aad6c000 end: aad6e000 offset: 52000 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: /data/backtrace_test32
-map: start: aad6e000 end: aad6f000 offset: 54000 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: /data/backtrace_test32
-map: start: e7380000 end: e7400000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:libc_malloc]
-map: start: e745f000 end: e7463000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libnetd_client.so
-map: start: e7463000 end: e7464000 offset: 3000 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/libnetd_client.so
-map: start: e7464000 end: e7465000 offset: 4000 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/libnetd_client.so
-map: start: e7480000 end: e7500000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:libc_malloc]
-map: start: e7558000 end: e756c000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libunwind.so
-map: start: e756c000 end: e756d000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 0 name: 
-map: start: e756d000 end: e756e000 offset: 14000 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/libunwind.so
-map: start: e756e000 end: e756f000 offset: 15000 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/libunwind.so
-map: start: e756f000 end: e75b5000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:.bss]
-map: start: e75d4000 end: e75e1000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libbase.so
-map: start: e75e1000 end: e75e2000 offset: c000 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/libbase.so
-map: start: e75e2000 end: e75e3000 offset: d000 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/libbase.so
-map: start: e7600000 end: e7616000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/liblzma.so
-map: start: e7616000 end: e7617000 offset: 15000 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/liblzma.so
-map: start: e7617000 end: e7618000 offset: 16000 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/liblzma.so
-map: start: e7618000 end: e761d000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:.bss]
-map: start: e7647000 end: e7656000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/liblog.so
-map: start: e7656000 end: e7657000 offset: e000 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/liblog.so
-map: start: e7657000 end: e7658000 offset: f000 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/liblog.so
-map: start: e7681000 end: e76a2000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libm.so
-map: start: e76a2000 end: e76a3000 offset: 20000 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/libm.so
-map: start: e76a3000 end: e76a4000 offset: 21000 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/libm.so
-map: start: e76eb000 end: e76ee000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 5 name: /data/libbacktrace_test.so
-map: start: e76ee000 end: e76ef000 offset: 2000 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: /data/libbacktrace_test.so
-map: start: e76ef000 end: e76f0000 offset: 3000 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: /data/libbacktrace_test.so
-map: start: e7712000 end: e771f000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libbacktrace.so
-map: start: e771f000 end: e7720000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 0 name: 
-map: start: e7720000 end: e7721000 offset: d000 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/libbacktrace.so
-map: start: e7721000 end: e7722000 offset: e000 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/libbacktrace.so
-map: start: e7761000 end: e7778000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libutils.so
-map: start: e7778000 end: e7779000 offset: 16000 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/libutils.so
-map: start: e7779000 end: e777a000 offset: 17000 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/libutils.so
-map: start: e77a5000 end: e782d000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libc.so
-map: start: e782d000 end: e7831000 offset: 87000 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/libc.so
-map: start: e7831000 end: e7833000 offset: 8b000 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/libc.so
-map: start: e7833000 end: e7834000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:.bss]
-map: start: e7834000 end: e7835000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: [anon:.bss]
-map: start: e7835000 end: e783b000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:.bss]
-map: start: e7845000 end: e8437000 offset: 0 load_base: 2b000 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libLLVM.so
-map: start: e8437000 end: e8438000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 0 name: 
-map: start: e8438000 end: e848a000 offset: bf2000 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/libLLVM.so
-map: start: e848a000 end: e848b000 offset: c44000 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/libLLVM.so
-map: start: e848b000 end: e84a1000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:.bss]
-map: start: e84eb000 end: e84f7000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libcutils.so
-map: start: e84f7000 end: e84f8000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 0 name: 
-map: start: e84f8000 end: e84f9000 offset: c000 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/libcutils.so
-map: start: e84f9000 end: e84fa000 offset: d000 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/libcutils.so
-map: start: e852e000 end: e85b3000 offset: 0 load_base: 2000 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libc++.so
-map: start: e85b3000 end: e85b4000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 0 name: 
-map: start: e85b4000 end: e85b8000 offset: 85000 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/libc++.so
-map: start: e85b8000 end: e85b9000 offset: 89000 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/libc++.so
-map: start: e85b9000 end: e85ba000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:.bss]
-map: start: e85ce000 end: e85cf000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:linker_alloc]
-map: start: e85e4000 end: e85e5000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:linker_alloc_small_objects]
-map: start: e8607000 end: e8608000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: [anon:linker_alloc]
-map: start: e8680000 end: e8700000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:libc_malloc]
-map: start: e870d000 end: e8719000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: 
-map: start: e8719000 end: e871b000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: [anon:atexit handlers]
-map: start: e871b000 end: e873b000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 32769 name: /dev/__properties__/u:object_r:default_prop:s0
-map: start: e873b000 end: e875b000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 32769 name: /dev/__properties__/properties_serial
-map: start: e875b000 end: e875c000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:linker_alloc_vector]
-map: start: e875c000 end: e875d000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:arc4random data]
-map: start: e875d000 end: e875e000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:linker_alloc]
-map: start: e875e000 end: e875f000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: [anon:linker_alloc]
-map: start: e875f000 end: e877f000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 32769 name: /dev/__properties__/u:object_r:debug_prop:s0
-map: start: e877f000 end: e879f000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 32769 name: /dev/__properties__/properties_serial
-map: start: e879f000 end: e87a0000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:linker_alloc_vector]
-map: start: e87a0000 end: e87a1000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:linker_alloc_small_objects]
-map: start: e87a1000 end: e87a2000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:linker_alloc_vector]
-map: start: e87a2000 end: e87a3000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 0 name: 
-map: start: e87a3000 end: e87a4000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: 
-map: start: e87a4000 end: e87a5000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 0 name: 
-map: start: e87a5000 end: e87a6000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:linker_alloc_lob]
-map: start: e87a6000 end: e87a7000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: [anon:linker_alloc]
-map: start: e87a7000 end: e87a8000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:linker_alloc_vector]
-map: start: e87a8000 end: e87a9000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:linker_alloc_small_objects]
-map: start: e87a9000 end: e87aa000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:linker_alloc_vector]
-map: start: e87aa000 end: e87ab000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:linker_alloc_small_objects]
-map: start: e87ab000 end: e87ac000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: [anon:atexit handlers]
-map: start: e87ac000 end: e87ad000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 0 name: [anon:thread signal stack guard page]
-map: start: e87ad000 end: e87af000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:thread signal stack]
-map: start: e87af000 end: e87b0000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:arc4random data]
-map: start: e87b0000 end: e880d000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/bin/linker
-map: start: e880d000 end: e880f000 offset: 5c000 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/bin/linker
-map: start: e880f000 end: e8810000 offset: 5e000 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/bin/linker
-map: start: e8810000 end: e8812000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: 
-map: start: e8812000 end: e8813000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: 
-map: start: e8813000 end: e8815000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: 
-map: start: ff886000 end: ff8a9000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [stack]
-map: start: ffff0000 end: ffff1000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 5 name: [vectors]
+map: start: aad19000 end: aad6c000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 5 name: /data/backtrace_test32
+map: start: aad6c000 end: aad6e000 offset: 52000 load_bias: 0 flags: 1 name: /data/backtrace_test32
+map: start: aad6e000 end: aad6f000 offset: 54000 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: /data/backtrace_test32
+map: start: e7380000 end: e7400000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:libc_malloc]
+map: start: e745f000 end: e7463000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libnetd_client.so
+map: start: e7463000 end: e7464000 offset: 3000 load_bias: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/libnetd_client.so
+map: start: e7464000 end: e7465000 offset: 4000 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/libnetd_client.so
+map: start: e7480000 end: e7500000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:libc_malloc]
+map: start: e7558000 end: e756c000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libunwind.so
+map: start: e756c000 end: e756d000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 0 name: 
+map: start: e756d000 end: e756e000 offset: 14000 load_bias: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/libunwind.so
+map: start: e756e000 end: e756f000 offset: 15000 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/libunwind.so
+map: start: e756f000 end: e75b5000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:.bss]
+map: start: e75d4000 end: e75e1000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libbase.so
+map: start: e75e1000 end: e75e2000 offset: c000 load_bias: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/libbase.so
+map: start: e75e2000 end: e75e3000 offset: d000 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/libbase.so
+map: start: e7600000 end: e7616000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/liblzma.so
+map: start: e7616000 end: e7617000 offset: 15000 load_bias: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/liblzma.so
+map: start: e7617000 end: e7618000 offset: 16000 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/liblzma.so
+map: start: e7618000 end: e761d000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:.bss]
+map: start: e7647000 end: e7656000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/liblog.so
+map: start: e7656000 end: e7657000 offset: e000 load_bias: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/liblog.so
+map: start: e7657000 end: e7658000 offset: f000 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/liblog.so
+map: start: e7681000 end: e76a2000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libm.so
+map: start: e76a2000 end: e76a3000 offset: 20000 load_bias: 0 flags: 1 name: /system/lib/libm.so
+map: start: e76a3000 end: e76a4000 offset: 21000 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: /system/lib/libm.so
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+map: start: e76ee000 end: e76ef000 offset: 2000 load_bias: 0 flags: 1 name: /data/libbacktrace_test.so
+map: start: e76ef000 end: e76f0000 offset: 3000 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: /data/libbacktrace_test.so
+map: start: e7712000 end: e771f000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libbacktrace.so
+map: start: e771f000 end: e7720000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 0 name: 
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+map: start: e7845000 end: e8437000 offset: 0 load_bias: 2b000 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libLLVM.so
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+map: start: e85e4000 end: e85e5000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:linker_alloc_small_objects]
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+map: start: e8680000 end: e8700000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:libc_malloc]
+map: start: e870d000 end: e8719000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: 
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+map: start: e875c000 end: e875d000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:arc4random data]
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+map: start: e875f000 end: e877f000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 32769 name: /dev/__properties__/u:object_r:debug_prop:s0
+map: start: e877f000 end: e879f000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 32769 name: /dev/__properties__/properties_serial
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+map: start: e87a0000 end: e87a1000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:linker_alloc_small_objects]
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+map: start: e87ac000 end: e87ad000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 0 name: [anon:thread signal stack guard page]
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+map: start: e87af000 end: e87b0000 offset: 0 load_bias: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:arc4random data]
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 registers: 64 34868affdc8871e8150000001c0000001c000000150000000e00000007000000e08771e834868aff2354d2aa24f9ffffdc8871e88c8771e875b86ee778ba6ee7
 stack: start: e8715000 end: e8719000 size: 16384 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 function: start: 0 end: e76eb835 name: unknown_start
diff --git a/libbacktrace/testdata/arm/offline_testdata_for_libart b/libbacktrace/testdata/arm/offline_testdata_for_libart
index 63f6a07..03e1df5 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/testdata/arm/offline_testdata_for_libart
+++ b/libbacktrace/testdata/arm/offline_testdata_for_libart
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 pid: 32232 tid: 32233
 registers: 64 000000000000000000000000000000006473602451b3e2e700000000d82fd1ff5600000000908eec00000000d42dd1ff00000000c02dd1ff617171e9617171e9
-map: start: e9380000 end: e9766000 offset: 0 load_base: b000 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libart.so
+map: start: e9380000 end: e9766000 offset: 0 load_bias: b000 flags: 5 name: /system/lib/libart.so
 stack: start: ffd12dc0 end: ffd16000 size: 12864 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 function: start: 3a2121 end: 3a217a name: art_quick_invoke_stub_internal
 function: start: 3a66a5 end: 3a6787 name: art_quick_invoke_static_stub
 function: start: a7129 end: a72f1 name: art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char const*)
 function: start: 2fbd35 end: 2fc789 name: art::InvokeWithArgArray(art::ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnable const&, art::ArtMethod*, art::ArgArray*, art::JValue*, char const*)
 function: start: 2fcf75 end: 2fd88d name: art::InvokeMethod(art::ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnable const&, _jobject*, _jobject*, _jobject*, unsigned int)
-function: start: 2a089d end: 2a08bb name: art::Method_invoke(_JNIEnv*, _jobject*, _jobject*, _jobject*)
\ No newline at end of file
+function: start: 2a089d end: 2a08bb name: art::Method_invoke(_JNIEnv*, _jobject*, _jobject*, _jobject*)
diff --git a/libbacktrace/testdata/aarch64/libbacktrace_test_eh_frame.so b/libbacktrace/testdata/arm64/libbacktrace_test_eh_frame.so
similarity index 100%
rename from libbacktrace/testdata/aarch64/libbacktrace_test_eh_frame.so
rename to libbacktrace/testdata/arm64/libbacktrace_test_eh_frame.so
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libbacktrace/testdata/aarch64/offline_testdata b/libbacktrace/testdata/arm64/offline_testdata
similarity index 88%
rename from libbacktrace/testdata/aarch64/offline_testdata
rename to libbacktrace/testdata/arm64/offline_testdata
index ba44e09..75a2f12 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/testdata/aarch64/offline_testdata
+++ b/libbacktrace/testdata/arm64/offline_testdata
@@ -1,100 +1,100 @@
 pid: 32438 tid: 32439
-map: start: 557066e000 end: 55706ee000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 5 name: /data/backtrace_test64
-map: start: 55706ef000 end: 55706f2000 offset: 80000 load_base: 0 flags: 1 name: /data/backtrace_test64
-map: start: 55706f2000 end: 55706f3000 offset: 83000 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: /data/backtrace_test64
-map: start: 7014200000 end: 7014600000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 3 name: [anon:libc_malloc]
-map: start: 701464c000 end: 701465c000 offset: 0 load_base: 0 flags: 5 name: /system/lib64/libcutils.so
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diff --git a/libbacktrace/testdata/x86/offline_testdata b/libbacktrace/testdata/x86/offline_testdata
index 3e4e06c..e8b7a99 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/testdata/x86/offline_testdata
+++ b/libbacktrace/testdata/x86/offline_testdata
@@ -1,75 +1,75 @@
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 function: start: 0 end: f748c740 name: unknown_start
diff --git a/libbacktrace/testdata/x86_64/offline_testdata b/libbacktrace/testdata/x86_64/offline_testdata
index baf6450..f8d0dc0 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/testdata/x86_64/offline_testdata
+++ b/libbacktrace/testdata/x86_64/offline_testdata
@@ -1,86 +1,86 @@
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 function: start: 0 end: 7fd5abcf7930 name: unknown_start
diff --git a/libcrypto_utils/Android.bp b/libcrypto_utils/Android.bp
index f2560e6..47de12a 100644
--- a/libcrypto_utils/Android.bp
+++ b/libcrypto_utils/Android.bp
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@
 
 cc_library {
     name: "libcrypto_utils",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+    },
     host_supported: true,
     srcs: [
         "android_pubkey.c",
diff --git a/libcutils/Android.bp b/libcutils/Android.bp
index 245deb1..cfe8d29 100644
--- a/libcutils/Android.bp
+++ b/libcutils/Android.bp
@@ -50,6 +50,10 @@
 cc_library {
     name: "libcutils",
     vendor_available: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+        support_system_process: true,
+    },
     host_supported: true,
     srcs: [
         "config_utils.c",
@@ -150,14 +154,13 @@
         "libutils_headers",
     ],
     export_header_lib_headers: ["libcutils_headers"],
+    local_include_dirs: ["include"],
 
     cflags: [
         "-Werror",
         "-Wall",
         "-Wextra",
     ],
-
-    clang: true,
 }
 
 subdirs = ["tests"]
diff --git a/libcutils/android_reboot.c b/libcutils/android_reboot.c
index a33e45f..996d89d 100644
--- a/libcutils/android_reboot.c
+++ b/libcutils/android_reboot.c
@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@
             restart_cmd = "shutdown";
             break;
         case ANDROID_RB_THERMOFF:
-            restart_cmd = "thermal-shutdown";
+            restart_cmd = "shutdown,thermal";
             break;
     }
     if (!restart_cmd) return -1;
-    if (arg) {
+    if (arg && arg[0]) {
         ret = asprintf(&prop_value, "%s,%s", restart_cmd, arg);
     } else {
         ret = asprintf(&prop_value, "%s", restart_cmd);
diff --git a/libcutils/canned_fs_config.c b/libcutils/canned_fs_config.c
index 96ca566..819a846 100644
--- a/libcutils/canned_fs_config.c
+++ b/libcutils/canned_fs_config.c
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+#include <private/fs_config.h>
 #include <private/canned_fs_config.h>
 
 typedef struct {
diff --git a/libcutils/fs_config.cpp b/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
index 13c4abf..1185040 100644
--- a/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
@@ -175,6 +175,8 @@
                                            CAP_MASK_LONG(CAP_AUDIT_CONTROL) |
                                            CAP_MASK_LONG(CAP_SETGID),
                                               "system/bin/logd" },
+    { 00550, AID_SYSTEM,    AID_LOG,      CAP_MASK_LONG(CAP_SYSLOG),
+                                              "system/bin/bootstat" },
     { 00750, AID_ROOT,      AID_SHELL,     CAP_MASK_LONG(CAP_SETUID) |
                                            CAP_MASK_LONG(CAP_SETGID),
                                               "system/bin/run-as" },
@@ -186,7 +188,7 @@
     // Support hostapd administering a network interface.
     { 00755, AID_WIFI,      AID_WIFI,      CAP_MASK_LONG(CAP_NET_ADMIN) |
                                            CAP_MASK_LONG(CAP_NET_RAW),
-                                              "system/bin/hostapd" },
+                                              "vendor/bin/hostapd" },
 
     // Support Bluetooth legacy hal accessing /sys/class/rfkill
     // Support RT scheduling in Bluetooth
diff --git a/libcutils/include/cutils/android_filesystem_config.h b/libcutils/include/cutils/android_filesystem_config.h
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..d2a92fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcutils/include/cutils/android_filesystem_config.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../private/android_filesystem_config.h
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libcutils/include/cutils/android_reboot.h b/libcutils/include/cutils/android_reboot.h
index 716567a..a903adb 100644
--- a/libcutils/include/cutils/android_reboot.h
+++ b/libcutils/include/cutils/android_reboot.h
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@
 /* Properties */
 #define ANDROID_RB_PROPERTY "sys.powerctl"
 
-/* Android reboot reason stored in this file */
-#define LAST_REBOOT_REASON_FILE "/data/misc/reboot/last_reboot_reason"
+/* Android reboot reason stored in this property */
+#define LAST_REBOOT_REASON_PROPERTY "persist.sys.boot.reason"
 
 /* Reboot or shutdown the system.
  * This call uses ANDROID_RB_PROPERTY to request reboot to init process.
diff --git a/libcutils/include/cutils/list.h b/libcutils/include/cutils/list.h
index 4ba2cfd..dfdc53b 100644
--- a/libcutils/include/cutils/list.h
+++ b/libcutils/include/cutils/list.h
@@ -34,20 +34,20 @@
 
 #define list_declare(name) \
     struct listnode name = { \
-        .next = &name, \
-        .prev = &name, \
+        .next = &(name), \
+        .prev = &(name), \
     }
 
 #define list_for_each(node, list) \
-    for (node = (list)->next; node != (list); node = node->next)
+    for ((node) = (list)->next; (node) != (list); (node) = (node)->next)
 
 #define list_for_each_reverse(node, list) \
-    for (node = (list)->prev; node != (list); node = node->prev)
+    for ((node) = (list)->prev; (node) != (list); (node) = (node)->prev)
 
 #define list_for_each_safe(node, n, list) \
-    for (node = (list)->next, n = node->next; \
-         node != (list); \
-         node = n, n = node->next)
+    for ((node) = (list)->next, (n) = (node)->next; \
+         (node) != (list); \
+         (node) = (n), (n) = (node)->next)
 
 static inline void list_init(struct listnode *node)
 {
diff --git a/libcutils/include/cutils/native_handle.h b/libcutils/include/cutils/native_handle.h
index 7d6a988..55754b5 100644
--- a/libcutils/include/cutils/native_handle.h
+++ b/libcutils/include/cutils/native_handle.h
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 
 /* Declare a char array for use with native_handle_init */
 #define NATIVE_HANDLE_DECLARE_STORAGE(name, maxFds, maxInts) \
-    alignas(native_handle_t) char name[                            \
-      sizeof(native_handle_t) + sizeof(int) * (maxFds + maxInts)]
+    alignas(native_handle_t) char (name)[                            \
+      sizeof(native_handle_t) + sizeof(int) * ((maxFds) + (maxInts))]
 
 typedef struct native_handle
 {
diff --git a/libcutils/include/cutils/properties.h b/libcutils/include/cutils/properties.h
index b45f58f..d2e0871 100644
--- a/libcutils/include/cutils/properties.h
+++ b/libcutils/include/cutils/properties.h
@@ -43,12 +43,7 @@
 ** If the property read fails or returns an empty value, the default
 ** value is used (if nonnull).
 */
-int property_get(const char *key, char *value, const char *default_value)
-/* Sometimes we use not-Bionic with this, so we need this check. */
-#if defined(__BIONIC_FORTIFY)
-        __overloadable __RENAME_CLANG(property_get)
-#endif
-        ;
+int property_get(const char* key, char* value, const char* default_value);
 
 /* property_get_bool: returns the value of key coerced into a
 ** boolean. If the property is not set, then the default value is returned.
@@ -119,27 +114,15 @@
 
 #if defined(__clang__)
 
-/* Some projects use -Weverything; enable_if is clang-specific.
-** FIXME: This is marked used because we'll otherwise get complaints about an
-** unused static function. This is more robust than marking it unused, since
-** -Wused-but-marked-unused is a thing that will complain if this function is
-** actually used, thus making FORTIFY noisier when an error happens. It's going
-** to go away anyway during our FORTIFY cleanup.
-**/
+/* Some projects use -Weverything; diagnose_if is clang-specific. */
 #pragma clang diagnostic push
 #pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgcc-compat"
-__BIONIC_ERROR_FUNCTION_VISIBILITY
-int property_get(const char *key, char *value, const char *default_value)
-        __overloadable
-        __enable_if(__bos(value) != __BIONIC_FORTIFY_UNKNOWN_SIZE &&
-                    __bos(value) < PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX, __property_get_err_str)
-        __errorattr(__property_get_err_str)
-        __attribute__((used));
+int property_get(const char* key, char* value, const char* default_value)
+    __clang_error_if(__bos(value) != __BIONIC_FORTIFY_UNKNOWN_SIZE &&
+                         __bos(value) < PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX,
+                     __property_get_err_str);
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
 
-/* No object size? No FORTIFY.
-*/
-
 #else /* defined(__clang__) */
 
 extern int __property_get_real(const char *, char *, const char *)
diff --git a/libcutils/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h b/libcutils/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h
index 02141d6..55ece54 100644
--- a/libcutils/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h
+++ b/libcutils/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h
@@ -14,11 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-/* This file is used to define the properties of the filesystem
-** images generated by build tools (mkbootfs and mkyaffs2image) and
-** by the device side of adb.
-*/
-
 /*
  * This file is consumed by build/tools/fs_config and is used
  * for generating various files. Anything #define AID_<name>
@@ -49,18 +44,12 @@
 #ifndef _ANDROID_FILESYSTEM_CONFIG_H_
 #define _ANDROID_FILESYSTEM_CONFIG_H_
 
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <sys/cdefs.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
-#if defined(__BIONIC__)
-#include <linux/capability.h>
-#else
-#include "android_filesystem_capability.h"
+#if !defined(__ANDROID_VNDK__) && !defined(EXCLUDE_FS_CONFIG_STRUCTURES)
+#include <private/fs_config.h>
 #endif
 
-#define CAP_MASK_LONG(cap_name) (1ULL << (cap_name))
-
 /* This is the master Users and Groups config for the platform.
  * DO NOT EVER RENUMBER
  */
@@ -131,6 +120,8 @@
 #define AID_ESE 1060             /* embedded secure element (eSE) subsystem */
 #define AID_OTA_UPDATE 1061      /* resource tracking UID for OTA updates */
 #define AID_AUTOMOTIVE_EVS 1062  /* Automotive rear and surround view system */
+#define AID_LOWPAN 1063          /* LoWPAN subsystem */
+#define AID_HSM 1064             /* hardware security module subsystem */
 /* Changes to this file must be made in AOSP, *not* in internal branches. */
 
 #define AID_SHELL 2000 /* adb and debug shell user */
@@ -193,36 +184,4 @@
  * Also see build/tools/fs_config for more details.
  */
 
-#if !defined(EXCLUDE_FS_CONFIG_STRUCTURES)
-
-struct fs_path_config {
-    unsigned mode;
-    unsigned uid;
-    unsigned gid;
-    uint64_t capabilities;
-    const char* prefix;
-};
-
-/* Rules for directories and files has moved to system/code/libcutils/fs_config.c */
-
-__BEGIN_DECLS
-
-/*
- * Used in:
- *  build/tools/fs_config/fs_config.c
- *  build/tools/fs_get_stats/fs_get_stats.c
- *  system/extras/ext4_utils/make_ext4fs_main.c
- *  external/squashfs-tools/squashfs-tools/android.c
- *  system/core/cpio/mkbootfs.c
- *  system/core/adb/file_sync_service.cpp
- *  system/extras/ext4_utils/canned_fs_config.c
- */
-void fs_config(const char* path, int dir, const char* target_out_path, unsigned* uid, unsigned* gid,
-               unsigned* mode, uint64_t* capabilities);
-
-ssize_t fs_config_generate(char* buffer, size_t length, const struct fs_path_config* pc);
-
-__END_DECLS
-
-#endif
 #endif
diff --git a/libcutils/include/private/fs_config.h b/libcutils/include/private/fs_config.h
index 7dad668..aab5042 100644
--- a/libcutils/include/private/fs_config.h
+++ b/libcutils/include/private/fs_config.h
@@ -14,10 +14,24 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+/* This file is used to define the properties of the filesystem
+** images generated by build tools (mkbootfs and mkyaffs2image) and
+** by the device side of adb.
+*/
+
 #ifndef _LIBS_CUTILS_PRIVATE_FS_CONFIG_H
 #define _LIBS_CUTILS_PRIVATE_FS_CONFIG_H
 
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+
+#if defined(__BIONIC__)
+#include <linux/capability.h>
+#else  // defined(__BIONIC__)
+#include "android_filesystem_capability.h"
+#endif  // defined(__BIONIC__)
+
+#define CAP_MASK_LONG(cap_name) (1ULL << (cap_name))
 
 /*
  * binary format for the runtime <partition>/etc/fs_config_(dirs|files)
@@ -34,4 +48,33 @@
     char prefix[];
 } __attribute__((__aligned__(sizeof(uint64_t))));
 
+struct fs_path_config {
+    unsigned mode;
+    unsigned uid;
+    unsigned gid;
+    uint64_t capabilities;
+    const char* prefix;
+};
+
+/* Rules for directories and files has moved to system/code/libcutils/fs_config.c */
+
+__BEGIN_DECLS
+
+/*
+ * Used in:
+ *  build/tools/fs_config/fs_config.c
+ *  build/tools/fs_get_stats/fs_get_stats.c
+ *  system/extras/ext4_utils/make_ext4fs_main.c
+ *  external/squashfs-tools/squashfs-tools/android.c
+ *  system/core/cpio/mkbootfs.c
+ *  system/core/adb/file_sync_service.cpp
+ *  system/extras/ext4_utils/canned_fs_config.c
+ */
+void fs_config(const char* path, int dir, const char* target_out_path, unsigned* uid, unsigned* gid,
+               unsigned* mode, uint64_t* capabilities);
+
+ssize_t fs_config_generate(char* buffer, size_t length, const struct fs_path_config* pc);
+
+__END_DECLS
+
 #endif /* _LIBS_CUTILS_PRIVATE_FS_CONFIG_H */
diff --git a/libcutils/include_vndk/cutils/android_filesystem_config.h b/libcutils/include_vndk/cutils/android_filesystem_config.h
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..13a5a08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcutils/include_vndk/cutils/android_filesystem_config.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../include/private/android_filesystem_config.h
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libcutils/include_vndk/private b/libcutils/include_vndk/private
deleted file mode 120000
index 2245a85..0000000
--- a/libcutils/include_vndk/private
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../include/private
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libcutils/sched_policy.cpp b/libcutils/sched_policy.cpp
index 4c303e6..f733e90 100644
--- a/libcutils/sched_policy.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/sched_policy.cpp
@@ -28,13 +28,6 @@
 
 #define UNUSED __attribute__((__unused__))
 
-#ifndef SLOGE
-#define SLOGE ALOGE
-#endif
-#ifndef SLOGW
-#define SLOGW ALOGW
-#endif
-
 /* Re-map SP_DEFAULT to the system default policy, and leave other values unchanged.
  * Call this any place a SchedPolicy is used as an input parameter.
  * Returns the possibly re-mapped policy.
@@ -123,11 +116,8 @@
     on where init.rc mounts cpuset. That's why we'd better require this
     configuration be set if CONFIG_CPUSETS is set.
 
-    With runtime check using the following function, build time
-    variables like ENABLE_CPUSETS (used in Android.mk) or cpusets (used
-    in Android.bp) are not needed.
+    In older releases, this was controlled by build-time configuration.
  */
-
 bool cpusets_enabled() {
     static bool enabled = (access("/dev/cpuset/tasks", F_OK) == 0);
 
@@ -139,12 +129,8 @@
     CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHEDTUNE that's in Android common Linux kernel and Linaro
     Stable Kernel (LSK), but not in mainline Linux as of v4.9.
 
-    With runtime check using the following function, build time
-    variables like ENABLE_SCHEDBOOST (used in Android.mk) or schedboost
-    (used in Android.bp) are not needed.
-
+    In older releases, this was controlled by build-time configuration.
  */
-
 bool schedboost_enabled() {
     static bool enabled = (access("/dev/stune/tasks", F_OK) == 0);
 
diff --git a/libcutils/socket_network_client_unix.c b/libcutils/socket_network_client_unix.c
index 37851b1..1b87c49 100644
--- a/libcutils/socket_network_client_unix.c
+++ b/libcutils/socket_network_client_unix.c
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
     for (struct addrinfo* addr = addrs; addr != NULL; addr = addr->ai_next) {
         // The Mac doesn't have SOCK_NONBLOCK.
         int s = socket(addr->ai_family, type, addr->ai_protocol);
-        if (s == -1 || toggle_O_NONBLOCK(s) == -1) return -1;
+        if (s == -1 || toggle_O_NONBLOCK(s) == -1) break;
 
         int rc = connect(s, addr->ai_addr, addr->ai_addrlen);
         if (rc == 0) {
diff --git a/libcutils/trace-container.c b/libcutils/trace-container.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03e91b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcutils/trace-container.c
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "trace-dev.inc"
+
+#include <cutils/sockets.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+/**
+ * For tracing in container, tags are written into a socket
+ * instead of ftrace. Additional data is appended so we need extra space.
+ */
+#define CONTAINER_ATRACE_MESSAGE_LENGTH (ATRACE_MESSAGE_LENGTH + 512)
+
+static pthread_once_t atrace_once_control = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
+
+// Variables used for tracing in container with socket.
+// Note that we need to manually close and reopen socket when Zygote is forking. This requires
+// writing and closing sockets on multiple threads. A rwlock is used for avoiding concurrent
+// operation on the file descriptor.
+static bool             atrace_use_container_sock    = false;
+static int              atrace_container_sock_fd     = -1;
+static pthread_mutex_t  atrace_enabling_mutex        = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+static pthread_rwlock_t atrace_container_sock_rwlock = PTHREAD_RWLOCK_INITIALIZER;
+
+static bool atrace_init_container_sock()
+{
+    pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&atrace_container_sock_rwlock);
+    atrace_container_sock_fd =
+        socket_local_client("trace", ANDROID_SOCKET_NAMESPACE_RESERVED, SOCK_SEQPACKET);
+    if (atrace_container_sock_fd < 0) {
+        ALOGE("Error opening container trace socket: %s (%d)", strerror(errno), errno);
+    }
+    pthread_rwlock_unlock(&atrace_container_sock_rwlock);
+    return atrace_container_sock_fd != -1;
+}
+
+static void atrace_close_container_sock()
+{
+    pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&atrace_container_sock_rwlock);
+    if (atrace_container_sock_fd != -1) close(atrace_container_sock_fd);
+    atrace_container_sock_fd = -1;
+    pthread_rwlock_unlock(&atrace_container_sock_rwlock);
+}
+
+// Set whether tracing is enabled in this process.  This is used to prevent
+// the Zygote process from tracing.  We need to close the socket in the container when tracing is
+// disabled, and reopen it again after Zygote forking.
+void atrace_set_tracing_enabled(bool enabled)
+{
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&atrace_enabling_mutex);
+    if (atrace_use_container_sock) {
+        bool already_enabled = atomic_load_explicit(&atrace_is_enabled, memory_order_acquire);
+        if (enabled && !already_enabled) {
+            // Trace was disabled previously. Re-initialize container socket.
+            atrace_init_container_sock();
+        } else if (!enabled && already_enabled) {
+            // Trace was enabled previously. Close container socket.
+            atrace_close_container_sock();
+        }
+    }
+    atomic_store_explicit(&atrace_is_enabled, enabled, memory_order_release);
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&atrace_enabling_mutex);
+    atrace_update_tags();
+}
+
+static void atrace_init_once()
+{
+    atrace_marker_fd = open("/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_marker", O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+    if (atrace_marker_fd < 0) {
+        // We're in container, ftrace may be disabled. In such case, we use the
+        // socket to write trace event.
+
+        // Protect the initialization of container socket from
+        // atrace_set_tracing_enabled.
+        pthread_mutex_lock(&atrace_enabling_mutex);
+        atrace_use_container_sock = true;
+        bool success = false;
+        if (atomic_load_explicit(&atrace_is_enabled, memory_order_acquire)) {
+            success = atrace_init_container_sock();
+        }
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&atrace_enabling_mutex);
+
+        if (!success) {
+            atrace_enabled_tags = 0;
+            goto done;
+        }
+    }
+    atrace_enabled_tags = atrace_get_property();
+
+done:
+    atomic_store_explicit(&atrace_is_ready, true, memory_order_release);
+}
+
+void atrace_setup()
+{
+    pthread_once(&atrace_once_control, atrace_init_once);
+}
+
+static inline uint64_t gettime(clockid_t clk_id)
+{
+    struct timespec ts;
+    clock_gettime(clk_id, &ts);
+    return ts.tv_sec * 1000000 + ts.tv_nsec / 1000;
+}
+
+// Write trace events to container trace file. Note that we need to amend tid and time information
+// here comparing to normal ftrace, where those informations are added by kernel.
+#define WRITE_MSG_IN_CONTAINER_LOCKED(ph, sep_before_name, value_format, name, value) { \
+    char buf[CONTAINER_ATRACE_MESSAGE_LENGTH]; \
+    int pid = getpid(); \
+    int tid = gettid(); \
+    uint64_t ts = gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC); \
+    uint64_t tts = gettime(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID); \
+    int len = snprintf( \
+            buf, sizeof(buf), \
+            ph "|%d|%d|%" PRIu64 "|%" PRIu64 sep_before_name "%s" value_format, \
+            pid, tid, ts, tts, name, value); \
+    if (len >= (int) sizeof(buf)) { \
+        int name_len = strlen(name) - (len - sizeof(buf)) - 1; \
+        /* Truncate the name to make the message fit. */ \
+        if (name_len > 0) { \
+            ALOGW("Truncated name in %s: %s\n", __FUNCTION__, name); \
+            len = snprintf( \
+                    buf, sizeof(buf), \
+                    ph "|%d|%d|%" PRIu64 "|%" PRIu64 sep_before_name "%.*s" value_format, \
+                    pid, tid, ts, tts, name_len, name, value); \
+        } else { \
+            /* Data is still too long. Drop it. */ \
+            ALOGW("Data is too long in %s: %s\n", __FUNCTION__, name); \
+            len = 0; \
+        } \
+    } \
+    if (len > 0) { \
+        write(atrace_container_sock_fd, buf, len); \
+    } \
+}
+
+#define WRITE_MSG_IN_CONTAINER(ph, sep_before_name, value_format, name, value) { \
+    pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&atrace_container_sock_rwlock); \
+    if (atrace_container_sock_fd != -1) { \
+       WRITE_MSG_IN_CONTAINER_LOCKED(ph, sep_before_name, value_format, name, value); \
+    } \
+    pthread_rwlock_unlock(&atrace_container_sock_rwlock); \
+}
+
+void atrace_begin_body(const char* name)
+{
+    if (CC_LIKELY(atrace_use_container_sock)) {
+        WRITE_MSG_IN_CONTAINER("B", "|", "%s", name, "");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (atrace_marker_fd < 0) return;
+
+    WRITE_MSG("B|%d|", "%s", name, "");
+}
+
+void atrace_end_body()
+{
+    if (CC_LIKELY(atrace_use_container_sock)) {
+        WRITE_MSG_IN_CONTAINER("E", "", "%s", "", "");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (atrace_marker_fd < 0) return;
+
+    WRITE_MSG("E|%d", "%s", "", "");
+}
+
+void atrace_async_begin_body(const char* name, int32_t cookie)
+{
+    if (CC_LIKELY(atrace_use_container_sock)) {
+        WRITE_MSG_IN_CONTAINER("S", "|", "|%d", name, cookie);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (atrace_marker_fd < 0) return;
+
+    WRITE_MSG("S|%d|", "|%" PRId32, name, cookie);
+}
+
+void atrace_async_end_body(const char* name, int32_t cookie)
+{
+    if (CC_LIKELY(atrace_use_container_sock)) {
+        WRITE_MSG_IN_CONTAINER("F", "|", "|%d", name, cookie);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (atrace_marker_fd < 0) return;
+
+    WRITE_MSG("F|%d|", "|%" PRId32, name, cookie);
+}
+
+void atrace_int_body(const char* name, int32_t value)
+{
+    if (CC_LIKELY(atrace_use_container_sock)) {
+        WRITE_MSG_IN_CONTAINER("C", "|", "|%" PRId32, name, value);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (atrace_marker_fd < 0) return;
+
+    WRITE_MSG("C|%d|", "|%" PRId32, name, value);
+}
+
+void atrace_int64_body(const char* name, int64_t value)
+{
+    if (CC_LIKELY(atrace_use_container_sock)) {
+        WRITE_MSG_IN_CONTAINER("C", "|", "|%" PRId64, name, value);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (atrace_marker_fd < 0) return;
+
+    WRITE_MSG("C|%d|", "|%" PRId64, name, value);
+}
diff --git a/libcutils/trace-dev.c b/libcutils/trace-dev.c
index d45e5a9..4468e83 100644
--- a/libcutils/trace-dev.c
+++ b/libcutils/trace-dev.c
@@ -14,47 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#define LOG_TAG "cutils-trace"
+#include "trace-dev.inc"
 
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <pthread.h>
-#include <stdatomic.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#include <cutils/compiler.h>
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
-#include <cutils/trace.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <log/log_properties.h>
-
-/**
- * Maximum size of a message that can be logged to the trace buffer.
- * Note this message includes a tag, the pid, and the string given as the name.
- * Names should be kept short to get the most use of the trace buffer.
- */
-#define ATRACE_MESSAGE_LENGTH 1024
-
-atomic_bool             atrace_is_ready      = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(false);
-int                     atrace_marker_fd     = -1;
-uint64_t                atrace_enabled_tags  = ATRACE_TAG_NOT_READY;
-static bool             atrace_is_debuggable = false;
-static atomic_bool      atrace_is_enabled    = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(true);
-static pthread_once_t   atrace_once_control  = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
-static pthread_mutex_t  atrace_tags_mutex    = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
-
-// Set whether this process is debuggable, which determines whether
-// application-level tracing is allowed when the ro.debuggable system property
-// is not set to '1'.
-void atrace_set_debuggable(bool debuggable)
-{
-    atrace_is_debuggable = debuggable;
-    atrace_update_tags();
-}
+static pthread_once_t atrace_once_control = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT;
 
 // Set whether tracing is enabled in this process.  This is used to prevent
 // the Zygote process from tracing.
@@ -64,101 +26,6 @@
     atrace_update_tags();
 }
 
-// Check whether the given command line matches one of the comma-separated
-// values listed in the app_cmdlines property.
-static bool atrace_is_cmdline_match(const char* cmdline)
-{
-    int count = property_get_int32("debug.atrace.app_number", 0);
-
-    char buf[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
-    char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "debug.atrace.app_%d", i);
-        property_get(buf, value, "");
-        if (strcmp(value, cmdline) == 0) {
-            return true;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return false;
-}
-
-// Determine whether application-level tracing is enabled for this process.
-static bool atrace_is_app_tracing_enabled()
-{
-    bool sys_debuggable = __android_log_is_debuggable();
-    bool result = false;
-
-    if (sys_debuggable || atrace_is_debuggable) {
-        // Check whether tracing is enabled for this process.
-        FILE * file = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
-        if (file) {
-            char cmdline[4096];
-            if (fgets(cmdline, sizeof(cmdline), file)) {
-                result = atrace_is_cmdline_match(cmdline);
-            } else {
-                ALOGE("Error reading cmdline: %s (%d)", strerror(errno), errno);
-            }
-            fclose(file);
-        } else {
-            ALOGE("Error opening /proc/self/cmdline: %s (%d)", strerror(errno),
-                    errno);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-// Read the sysprop and return the value tags should be set to
-static uint64_t atrace_get_property()
-{
-    char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    char *endptr;
-    uint64_t tags;
-
-    property_get("debug.atrace.tags.enableflags", value, "0");
-    errno = 0;
-    tags = strtoull(value, &endptr, 0);
-    if (value[0] == '\0' || *endptr != '\0') {
-        ALOGE("Error parsing trace property: Not a number: %s", value);
-        return 0;
-    } else if (errno == ERANGE || tags == ULLONG_MAX) {
-        ALOGE("Error parsing trace property: Number too large: %s", value);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    // Only set the "app" tag if this process was selected for app-level debug
-    // tracing.
-    if (atrace_is_app_tracing_enabled()) {
-        tags |= ATRACE_TAG_APP;
-    } else {
-        tags &= ~ATRACE_TAG_APP;
-    }
-
-    return (tags | ATRACE_TAG_ALWAYS) & ATRACE_TAG_VALID_MASK;
-}
-
-// Update tags if tracing is ready. Useful as a sysprop change callback.
-void atrace_update_tags()
-{
-    uint64_t tags;
-    if (CC_UNLIKELY(atomic_load_explicit(&atrace_is_ready, memory_order_acquire))) {
-        if (atomic_load_explicit(&atrace_is_enabled, memory_order_acquire)) {
-            tags = atrace_get_property();
-            pthread_mutex_lock(&atrace_tags_mutex);
-            atrace_enabled_tags = tags;
-            pthread_mutex_unlock(&atrace_tags_mutex);
-        } else {
-            // Tracing is disabled for this process, so we simply don't
-            // initialize the tags.
-            pthread_mutex_lock(&atrace_tags_mutex);
-            atrace_enabled_tags = ATRACE_TAG_NOT_READY;
-            pthread_mutex_unlock(&atrace_tags_mutex);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 static void atrace_init_once()
 {
     atrace_marker_fd = open("/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_marker", O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
@@ -181,54 +48,30 @@
 
 void atrace_begin_body(const char* name)
 {
-    char buf[ATRACE_MESSAGE_LENGTH];
-
-    int len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "B|%d|%s", getpid(), name);
-    if (len >= (int) sizeof(buf)) {
-        ALOGW("Truncated name in %s: %s\n", __FUNCTION__, name);
-        len = sizeof(buf) - 1;
-    }
-    write(atrace_marker_fd, buf, len);
+    WRITE_MSG("B|%d|", "%s", name, "");
 }
 
 void atrace_end_body()
 {
-    char c = 'E';
-    write(atrace_marker_fd, &c, 1);
-}
-
-#define WRITE_MSG(format_begin, format_end, pid, name, value) { \
-    char buf[ATRACE_MESSAGE_LENGTH]; \
-    int len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), format_begin "%s" format_end, pid, \
-        name, value); \
-    if (len >= (int) sizeof(buf)) { \
-        /* Given the sizeof(buf), and all of the current format buffers, \
-         * it is impossible for name_len to be < 0 if len >= sizeof(buf). */ \
-        int name_len = strlen(name) - (len - sizeof(buf)) - 1; \
-        /* Truncate the name to make the message fit. */ \
-        ALOGW("Truncated name in %s: %s\n", __FUNCTION__, name); \
-        len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), format_begin "%.*s" format_end, pid, \
-            name_len, name, value); \
-    } \
-    write(atrace_marker_fd, buf, len); \
+    WRITE_MSG("E|%d", "%s", "", "");
 }
 
 void atrace_async_begin_body(const char* name, int32_t cookie)
 {
-    WRITE_MSG("S|%d|", "|%" PRId32, getpid(), name, cookie);
+    WRITE_MSG("S|%d|", "|%" PRId32, name, cookie);
 }
 
 void atrace_async_end_body(const char* name, int32_t cookie)
 {
-    WRITE_MSG("F|%d|", "|%" PRId32, getpid(), name, cookie);
+    WRITE_MSG("F|%d|", "|%" PRId32, name, cookie);
 }
 
 void atrace_int_body(const char* name, int32_t value)
 {
-    WRITE_MSG("C|%d|", "|%" PRId32, getpid(), name, value);
+    WRITE_MSG("C|%d|", "|%" PRId32, name, value);
 }
 
 void atrace_int64_body(const char* name, int64_t value)
 {
-    WRITE_MSG("C|%d|", "|%" PRId64, getpid(), name, value);
+    WRITE_MSG("C|%d|", "|%" PRId64, name, value);
 }
diff --git a/libcutils/trace-dev.inc b/libcutils/trace-dev.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f32330a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcutils/trace-dev.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __TRACE_DEV_INC
+#define __TRACE_DEV_INC
+
+#define LOG_TAG "cutils-trace"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdatomic.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <cutils/compiler.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <cutils/trace.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+#include <log/log_properties.h>
+
+/**
+ * Maximum size of a message that can be logged to the trace buffer.
+ * Note this message includes a tag, the pid, and the string given as the name.
+ * Names should be kept short to get the most use of the trace buffer.
+ */
+#define ATRACE_MESSAGE_LENGTH 1024
+
+atomic_bool             atrace_is_ready      = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(false);
+int                     atrace_marker_fd     = -1;
+uint64_t                atrace_enabled_tags  = ATRACE_TAG_NOT_READY;
+static bool             atrace_is_debuggable = false;
+static atomic_bool      atrace_is_enabled    = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(true);
+static pthread_mutex_t  atrace_tags_mutex    = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+
+// Set whether this process is debuggable, which determines whether
+// application-level tracing is allowed when the ro.debuggable system property
+// is not set to '1'.
+void atrace_set_debuggable(bool debuggable)
+{
+    atrace_is_debuggable = debuggable;
+    atrace_update_tags();
+}
+
+// Check whether the given command line matches one of the comma-separated
+// values listed in the app_cmdlines property.
+static bool atrace_is_cmdline_match(const char* cmdline)
+{
+    int count = property_get_int32("debug.atrace.app_number", 0);
+
+    char buf[PROPERTY_KEY_MAX];
+    char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "debug.atrace.app_%d", i);
+        property_get(buf, value, "");
+        if (strcmp(value, cmdline) == 0) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Determine whether application-level tracing is enabled for this process.
+static bool atrace_is_app_tracing_enabled()
+{
+    bool sys_debuggable = __android_log_is_debuggable();
+    bool result = false;
+
+    if (sys_debuggable || atrace_is_debuggable) {
+        // Check whether tracing is enabled for this process.
+        FILE * file = fopen("/proc/self/cmdline", "re");
+        if (file) {
+            char cmdline[4096];
+            if (fgets(cmdline, sizeof(cmdline), file)) {
+                result = atrace_is_cmdline_match(cmdline);
+            } else {
+                ALOGE("Error reading cmdline: %s (%d)", strerror(errno), errno);
+            }
+            fclose(file);
+        } else {
+            ALOGE("Error opening /proc/self/cmdline: %s (%d)", strerror(errno),
+                    errno);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+// Read the sysprop and return the value tags should be set to
+static uint64_t atrace_get_property()
+{
+    char value[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
+    char *endptr;
+    uint64_t tags;
+
+    property_get("debug.atrace.tags.enableflags", value, "0");
+    errno = 0;
+    tags = strtoull(value, &endptr, 0);
+    if (value[0] == '\0' || *endptr != '\0') {
+        ALOGE("Error parsing trace property: Not a number: %s", value);
+        return 0;
+    } else if (errno == ERANGE || tags == ULLONG_MAX) {
+        ALOGE("Error parsing trace property: Number too large: %s", value);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // Only set the "app" tag if this process was selected for app-level debug
+    // tracing.
+    if (atrace_is_app_tracing_enabled()) {
+        tags |= ATRACE_TAG_APP;
+    } else {
+        tags &= ~ATRACE_TAG_APP;
+    }
+
+    return (tags | ATRACE_TAG_ALWAYS) & ATRACE_TAG_VALID_MASK;
+}
+
+// Update tags if tracing is ready. Useful as a sysprop change callback.
+void atrace_update_tags()
+{
+    uint64_t tags;
+    if (CC_UNLIKELY(atomic_load_explicit(&atrace_is_ready, memory_order_acquire))) {
+        if (atomic_load_explicit(&atrace_is_enabled, memory_order_acquire)) {
+            tags = atrace_get_property();
+            pthread_mutex_lock(&atrace_tags_mutex);
+            atrace_enabled_tags = tags;
+            pthread_mutex_unlock(&atrace_tags_mutex);
+        } else {
+            // Tracing is disabled for this process, so we simply don't
+            // initialize the tags.
+            pthread_mutex_lock(&atrace_tags_mutex);
+            atrace_enabled_tags = ATRACE_TAG_NOT_READY;
+            pthread_mutex_unlock(&atrace_tags_mutex);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#define WRITE_MSG(format_begin, format_end, name, value) { \
+    char buf[ATRACE_MESSAGE_LENGTH]; \
+    int pid = getpid(); \
+    int len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), format_begin "%s" format_end, pid, \
+        name, value); \
+    if (len >= (int) sizeof(buf)) { \
+        /* Given the sizeof(buf), and all of the current format buffers, \
+         * it is impossible for name_len to be < 0 if len >= sizeof(buf). */ \
+        int name_len = strlen(name) - (len - sizeof(buf)) - 1; \
+        /* Truncate the name to make the message fit. */ \
+        ALOGW("Truncated name in %s: %s\n", __FUNCTION__, name); \
+        len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), format_begin "%.*s" format_end, pid, \
+            name_len, name, value); \
+    } \
+    write(atrace_marker_fd, buf, len); \
+}
+
+#endif  // __TRACE_DEV_INC
diff --git a/libdiskconfig/Android.bp b/libdiskconfig/Android.bp
index 088981a..23a5c79 100644
--- a/libdiskconfig/Android.bp
+++ b/libdiskconfig/Android.bp
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 cc_library {
     name: "libdiskconfig",
     vendor_available: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+    },
     srcs: [
         "diskconfig.c",
         "diskutils.c",
diff --git a/libgrallocusage/Android.bp b/libgrallocusage/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf03868
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libgrallocusage/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libgrallocusage",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    cppflags: [
+        "-Weverything",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-c++98-compat-pedantic",
+        // Hide errors in headers we include
+        "-Wno-global-constructors",
+        "-Wno-exit-time-destructors",
+        "-Wno-padded",
+    ],
+    srcs: ["GrallocUsageConversion.cpp"],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    shared_libs: ["android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0"],
+    header_libs: ["libhardware_headers"],
+}
diff --git a/libgrallocusage/GrallocUsageConversion.cpp b/libgrallocusage/GrallocUsageConversion.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..05c8ec4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libgrallocusage/GrallocUsageConversion.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <grallocusage/GrallocUsageConversion.h>
+
+#include <hardware/gralloc.h>
+#include <hardware/gralloc1.h>
+
+void android_convertGralloc0To1Usage(int32_t usage, uint64_t* producerUsage,
+                                     uint64_t* consumerUsage) {
+    constexpr uint64_t PRODUCER_MASK =
+        GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_READ |
+        /* GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN | */
+        GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_WRITE |
+        /* GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_WRITE_OFTEN | */
+        GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_GPU_RENDER_TARGET | GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_PROTECTED |
+        GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CAMERA | GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_VIDEO_DECODER |
+        GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_SENSOR_DIRECT_DATA;
+    constexpr uint64_t CONSUMER_MASK =
+        GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_CPU_READ |
+        /* GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN | */
+        GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_GPU_TEXTURE | GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_HWCOMPOSER |
+        GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_CLIENT_TARGET | GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_CURSOR |
+        GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_VIDEO_ENCODER | GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_CAMERA |
+        GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_RENDERSCRIPT | GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_GPU_DATA_BUFFER;
+    *producerUsage = static_cast<uint64_t>(usage) & PRODUCER_MASK;
+    *consumerUsage = static_cast<uint64_t>(usage) & CONSUMER_MASK;
+    if ((static_cast<uint32_t>(usage) & GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN) == GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN) {
+        *producerUsage |= GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN;
+        *consumerUsage |= GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN;
+    }
+    if ((static_cast<uint32_t>(usage) & GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN) ==
+        GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN) {
+        *producerUsage |= GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_WRITE_OFTEN;
+    }
+}
+
+int32_t android_convertGralloc1To0Usage(uint64_t producerUsage, uint64_t consumerUsage) {
+    static_assert(uint64_t(GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN) ==
+                      uint64_t(GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN),
+                  "expected ConsumerUsage and ProducerUsage CPU_READ_OFTEN bits to match");
+    uint64_t merged = producerUsage | consumerUsage;
+    if ((merged & (GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN)) ==
+        GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN) {
+        merged &= ~uint64_t(GRALLOC1_CONSUMER_USAGE_CPU_READ_OFTEN);
+        merged |= GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_READ_OFTEN;
+    }
+    if ((merged & (GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_WRITE_OFTEN)) ==
+        GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_WRITE_OFTEN) {
+        merged &= ~uint64_t(GRALLOC1_PRODUCER_USAGE_CPU_WRITE_OFTEN);
+        merged |= GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_WRITE_OFTEN;
+    }
+    return static_cast<int32_t>(merged);
+}
diff --git a/libgrallocusage/MODULE_LICENSE_APACHE2 b/libgrallocusage/MODULE_LICENSE_APACHE2
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libgrallocusage/MODULE_LICENSE_APACHE2
diff --git a/libgrallocusage/NOTICE b/libgrallocusage/NOTICE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5b1efa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libgrallocusage/NOTICE
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+
+   Copyright (c) 2005-2008, The Android Open Source Project
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
diff --git a/libgrallocusage/include/grallocusage/GrallocUsageConversion.h b/libgrallocusage/include/grallocusage/GrallocUsageConversion.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c94343
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libgrallocusage/include/grallocusage/GrallocUsageConversion.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_GRALLOCUSAGE_GRALLOC_USAGE_CONVERSION_H
+#define ANDROID_GRALLOCUSAGE_GRALLOC_USAGE_CONVERSION_H 1
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+// Conversion functions are out-of-line so that users don't have to be exposed to
+// android/hardware/graphics/allocator/2.0/types.h and link against
+// android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0 to get that in their search path.
+
+// Convert a 32-bit gralloc0 usage mask to a producer/consumer pair of 64-bit usage masks as used
+// by android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0 (and gralloc1). This conversion properly handles the
+// mismatch between a.h.g.allocator@2.0's CPU_{READ,WRITE}_OFTEN and gralloc0's
+// SW_{READ,WRITE}_OFTEN.
+void android_convertGralloc0To1Usage(int32_t usage, uint64_t* producerUsage,
+                                     uint64_t* consumerUsage);
+
+// Convert a producer/consumer pair of 64-bit usage masks as used by
+// android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0 (and gralloc1) to a 32-bit gralloc0 usage mask. This
+// conversion properly handles the mismatch between a.h.g.allocator@2.0's CPU_{READ,WRITE}_OFTEN
+// and gralloc0's SW_{READ,WRITE}_OFTEN.
+int32_t android_convertGralloc1To0Usage(uint64_t producerUsage, uint64_t consumerUsage);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_GRALLOCUSAGE_GRALLOC_USAGE_CONVERSION_H
diff --git a/libion/Android.bp b/libion/Android.bp
index 6f267e4..6d9fae0 100644
--- a/libion/Android.bp
+++ b/libion/Android.bp
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 
 cc_library {
     name: "libion",
-		vendor_available: true,
+    vendor_available: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+        support_system_process: true,
+    },
     srcs: ["ion.c"],
     shared_libs: ["liblog"],
     local_include_dirs: [
diff --git a/libion/tests/Android.bp b/libion/tests/Android.bp
index 4428848..b3fcb3b 100644
--- a/libion/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libion/tests/Android.bp
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 cc_test {
     name: "ion-unit-tests",
-    clang: true,
     cflags: [
         "-g",
         "-Wall",
diff --git a/liblog/Android.bp b/liblog/Android.bp
index e74aa82..b98d18f 100644
--- a/liblog/Android.bp
+++ b/liblog/Android.bp
@@ -42,6 +42,24 @@
     "logd_writer.c",
 ]
 
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "liblog_headers",
+    host_supported: true,
+    vendor_available: true,
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    target: {
+        windows: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+        linux_bionic: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+        vendor: {
+            export_include_dirs: ["include_vndk"],
+        },
+    },
+}
+
 // Shared and static library for host and device
 // ========================================================
 cc_library {
@@ -81,7 +99,8 @@
         },
     },
 
-    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    header_libs: ["liblog_headers"],
+    export_header_lib_headers: ["liblog_headers"],
 
     cflags: [
         "-Werror",
@@ -100,7 +119,7 @@
 }
 
 ndk_headers {
-    name: "liblog_headers",
+    name: "liblog_ndk_headers",
     from: "include/android",
     to: "android",
     srcs: ["include/android/log.h"],
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log.h b/liblog/include/log/log.h
index 3a215e9..d01708d 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log.h
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOCK_INTERFACE
-clockid_t android_log_clockid();
+clockid_t android_log_clockid(void);
 #endif
 
 #endif /* __linux__ */
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
  * May be used to clean up File descriptors after a Fork, the resources are
  * all O_CLOEXEC so wil self clean on exec().
  */
-void __android_log_close();
+void __android_log_close(void);
 #endif
 
 #ifndef __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_RATELIMIT_INTERFACE
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_main.h b/liblog/include/log/log_main.h
index da16158..339a06d 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_main.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_main.h
@@ -18,10 +18,9 @@
 #define _LIBS_LOG_LOG_MAIN_H
 
 #include <android/log.h>
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
 
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
+__BEGIN_DECLS
 
 /*
  * Normally we strip the effects of ALOGV (VERBOSE messages),
@@ -355,11 +354,11 @@
 
 #if LOG_NDEBUG /* Production */
 #define android_testLog(prio, tag)                                           \
-  (__android_log_is_loggable_len(prio, tag, (tag && *tag) ? strlen(tag) : 0, \
+  (__android_log_is_loggable_len(prio, tag, ((tag) && *(tag)) ? strlen(tag) : 0, \
                                  ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG) != 0)
 #else
 #define android_testLog(prio, tag)                                           \
-  (__android_log_is_loggable_len(prio, tag, (tag && *tag) ? strlen(tag) : 0, \
+  (__android_log_is_loggable_len(prio, tag, ((tag) && *(tag)) ? strlen(tag) : 0, \
                                  ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE) != 0)
 #endif
 
@@ -385,8 +384,6 @@
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
 #endif
 
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
+__END_DECLS
 
 #endif /* _LIBS_LOG_LOG_MAIN_H */
diff --git a/liblog/include_vndk/log/log.h b/liblog/include_vndk/log/log.h
index 01623df..a79beec 100644
--- a/liblog/include_vndk/log/log.h
+++ b/liblog/include_vndk/log/log.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <log/log_radio.h>
 #include <log/log_read.h>
 #include <log/log_safetynet.h>
+#include <log/log_system.h>
 #include <log/log_time.h>
 
 /*
diff --git a/liblog/include_vndk/log/log_system.h b/liblog/include_vndk/log/log_system.h
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..d0d3904
--- /dev/null
+++ b/liblog/include_vndk/log/log_system.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../include/log/log_system.h
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/liblog/local_logger.c b/liblog/local_logger.c
index 522867d..563cb3f 100644
--- a/liblog/local_logger.c
+++ b/liblog/local_logger.c
@@ -222,6 +222,7 @@
       log->last[logId] = node->prev;
     }
     list_remove(node);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(node == log->last[logId], "corrupted list");
     free(e);
   }
   /* add entry to list */
diff --git a/liblog/logd_reader.c b/liblog/logd_reader.c
index 600f4bb..603ba24 100644
--- a/liblog/logd_reader.c
+++ b/liblog/logd_reader.c
@@ -590,20 +590,30 @@
 
   memset(log_msg, 0, sizeof(*log_msg));
 
+  unsigned int new_alarm = 0;
   if (logger_list->mode & ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK) {
+    if ((logger_list->mode & ANDROID_LOG_WRAP) &&
+        (logger_list->start.tv_sec || logger_list->start.tv_nsec)) {
+      /* b/64143705 */
+      new_alarm = (ANDROID_LOG_WRAP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT * 11) / 10 + 10;
+      logger_list->mode &= ~ANDROID_LOG_WRAP;
+    } else {
+      new_alarm = 30;
+    }
+
     memset(&ignore, 0, sizeof(ignore));
     ignore.sa_handler = caught_signal;
     sigemptyset(&ignore.sa_mask);
     /* particularily useful if tombstone is reporting for logd */
     sigaction(SIGALRM, &ignore, &old_sigaction);
-    old_alarm = alarm(30);
+    old_alarm = alarm(new_alarm);
   }
 
   /* NOTE: SOCK_SEQPACKET guarantees we read exactly one full entry */
   ret = recv(ret, log_msg, LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_LEN, 0);
   e = errno;
 
-  if (logger_list->mode & ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK) {
+  if (new_alarm) {
     if ((ret == 0) || (e == EINTR)) {
       e = EAGAIN;
       ret = -1;
diff --git a/liblog/logprint.c b/liblog/logprint.c
index b62f8b4..a2839bf 100644
--- a/liblog/logprint.c
+++ b/liblog/logprint.c
@@ -250,6 +250,7 @@
   while (!list_empty(&convertHead)) {
     struct listnode* node = list_head(&convertHead);
     list_remove(node);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(node == list_head(&convertHead), "corrupted list");
     free(node);
   }
 }
diff --git a/liblog/tests/Android.mk b/liblog/tests/Android.mk
index ab96429..275a2d6 100644
--- a/liblog/tests/Android.mk
+++ b/liblog/tests/Android.mk
@@ -64,7 +64,8 @@
     log_radio_test.cpp \
     log_read_test.cpp \
     log_system_test.cpp \
-    log_time_test.cpp
+    log_time_test.cpp \
+    log_wrap_test.cpp
 
 # Build tests for the device (with .so). Run with:
 #   adb shell /data/nativetest/liblog-unit-tests/liblog-unit-tests
diff --git a/liblog/tests/AndroidTest.xml b/liblog/tests/AndroidTest.xml
index b8d87e6..427f2b4 100644
--- a/liblog/tests/AndroidTest.xml
+++ b/liblog/tests/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
      limitations under the License.
 -->
 <configuration description="Config for CTS Logging Library test cases">
+    <option name="config-descriptor:metadata" key="component" value="systems" />
     <target_preparer class="com.android.compatibility.common.tradefed.targetprep.FilePusher">
         <option name="cleanup" value="true" />
         <option name="push" value="CtsLiblogTestCases->/data/local/tmp/CtsLiblogTestCases" />
diff --git a/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp b/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp
index 46ec5ef..e2d5aeb 100644
--- a/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp
+++ b/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
 }
 
 #if (defined(__ANDROID__) && defined(USING_LOGGER_DEFAULT))
-static std::string popenToString(std::string command) {
+static std::string popenToString(const std::string& command) {
   std::string ret;
 
   FILE* fp = popen(command.c_str(), "r");
@@ -129,17 +129,17 @@
 static bool isLogdwActive() {
   std::string logdwSignature =
       popenToString("grep /dev/socket/logdw /proc/net/unix");
-  size_t beginning = logdwSignature.find(" ");
+  size_t beginning = logdwSignature.find(' ');
   if (beginning == std::string::npos) return true;
-  beginning = logdwSignature.find(" ", beginning + 1);
+  beginning = logdwSignature.find(' ', beginning + 1);
   if (beginning == std::string::npos) return true;
-  size_t end = logdwSignature.find(" ", beginning + 1);
+  size_t end = logdwSignature.find(' ', beginning + 1);
   if (end == std::string::npos) return true;
-  end = logdwSignature.find(" ", end + 1);
+  end = logdwSignature.find(' ', end + 1);
   if (end == std::string::npos) return true;
-  end = logdwSignature.find(" ", end + 1);
+  end = logdwSignature.find(' ', end + 1);
   if (end == std::string::npos) return true;
-  end = logdwSignature.find(" ", end + 1);
+  end = logdwSignature.find(' ', end + 1);
   if (end == std::string::npos) return true;
   std::string allLogdwEndpoints = popenToString(
       "grep ' 00000002" + logdwSignature.substr(beginning, end - beginning) +
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@
 
   // NB: fgrep with multiple strings is broken in Android
   for (beginning = 0;
-       (end = allLogdwEndpoints.find("\n", beginning)) != std::string::npos;
+       (end = allLogdwEndpoints.find('\n', beginning)) != std::string::npos;
        beginning = end + 1) {
     if (myPidFds.find(allLogdwEndpoints.substr(beginning, end - beginning)) !=
         std::string::npos)
@@ -3170,7 +3170,7 @@
   return (offset != std::string::npos) &&
          ((offset = content.find_first_not_of(" \t", offset + strlen(needle))) !=
           std::string::npos) &&
-         (content.find_first_not_of("0", offset) != offset);
+         (content.find_first_not_of('0', offset) != offset);
 }
 
 // must not be: '<needle:> 0 kB'
@@ -3239,7 +3239,7 @@
   filename = android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/comm", pid);
   android::base::ReadFileToString(filename, &content);
   content = android::base::StringPrintf(
-      "%d:%s", pid, content.substr(0, content.find("\n")).c_str());
+      "%d:%s", pid, content.substr(0, content.find('\n')).c_str());
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(IsOk(shared_ok, content));
   EXPECT_TRUE(IsOk(private_ok, content));
diff --git a/liblog/tests/log_id_test.cpp b/liblog/tests/log_id_test.cpp
index c56fa8b..9fb5a2c 100644
--- a/liblog/tests/log_id_test.cpp
+++ b/liblog/tests/log_id_test.cpp
@@ -89,12 +89,12 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(0, pthread_create(&t[i], NULL, ConcurrentPrintFn,
                                 reinterpret_cast<void*>(i)));
   }
-  int ret = 0;
+  int ret = 1;
   for (i = 0; i < NUM_CONCURRENT; i++) {
     void* result;
     ASSERT_EQ(0, pthread_join(t[i], &result));
     int this_result = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(result);
-    if ((0 == ret) && (0 != this_result)) {
+    if ((0 < ret) && (ret != this_result)) {
       ret = this_result;
     }
   }
diff --git a/liblog/tests/log_wrap_test.cpp b/liblog/tests/log_wrap_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebf0b15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/liblog/tests/log_wrap_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013-2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android/log.h>  // minimal logging API
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <log/log_properties.h>
+#include <log/log_read.h>
+#include <log/log_time.h>
+#include <log/log_transport.h>
+
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+static void read_with_wrap() {
+  android_set_log_transport(LOGGER_LOGD);
+
+  // Read the last line in the log to get a starting timestamp. We're assuming
+  // the log is not empty.
+  const int mode = ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK;
+  struct logger_list* logger_list =
+      android_logger_list_open(LOG_ID_MAIN, mode, 1000, 0);
+
+  ASSERT_NE(logger_list, nullptr);
+
+  log_msg log_msg;
+  int ret = android_logger_list_read(logger_list, &log_msg);
+  android_logger_list_close(logger_list);
+  ASSERT_GT(ret, 0);
+
+  log_time start(log_msg.entry.sec, log_msg.entry.nsec);
+  ASSERT_NE(start, log_time());
+
+  logger_list =
+      android_logger_list_alloc_time(mode | ANDROID_LOG_WRAP, start, 0);
+  ASSERT_NE(logger_list, nullptr);
+
+  struct logger* logger = android_logger_open(logger_list, LOG_ID_MAIN);
+  EXPECT_NE(logger, nullptr);
+  if (logger) {
+    android_logger_list_read(logger_list, &log_msg);
+  }
+
+  android_logger_list_close(logger_list);
+}
+
+static void caught_signal(int /* signum */) {
+}
+#endif
+
+// b/64143705 confirm fixed
+TEST(liblog, wrap_mode_blocks) {
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+
+  android::base::Timer timer;
+
+  // The read call is expected to take up to 2 hours in the happy case.
+  // We only want to make sure it waits for longer than 30s, but we can't
+  // use an alarm as the implementation uses it. So we run the test in
+  // a separate process.
+  pid_t pid = fork();
+
+  if (pid == 0) {
+    // child
+    read_with_wrap();
+    _exit(0);
+  }
+
+  struct sigaction ignore, old_sigaction;
+  memset(&ignore, 0, sizeof(ignore));
+  ignore.sa_handler = caught_signal;
+  sigemptyset(&ignore.sa_mask);
+  sigaction(SIGALRM, &ignore, &old_sigaction);
+  alarm(45);
+
+  bool killed = false;
+  for (;;) {
+    siginfo_t info = {};
+    // This wait will succeed if the child exits, or fail with EINTR if the
+    // alarm goes off first - a loose approximation to a timed wait.
+    int ret = waitid(P_PID, pid, &info, WEXITED);
+    if (ret >= 0 || errno != EINTR) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(ret, 0);
+      if (!killed) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(info.si_status, 0);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    unsigned int alarm_left = alarm(0);
+    if (alarm_left > 0) {
+      alarm(alarm_left);
+    } else {
+      kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+      killed = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  alarm(0);
+  EXPECT_GT(timer.duration(), std::chrono::seconds(40));
+#else
+  GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/libmemtrack/Android.bp b/libmemtrack/Android.bp
index 98413dd..0955633 100644
--- a/libmemtrack/Android.bp
+++ b/libmemtrack/Android.bp
@@ -2,13 +2,23 @@
 
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "libmemtrack",
-    srcs: ["memtrack.c"],
+    vendor_available: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+    },
+    srcs: ["memtrack.cpp"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     local_include_dirs: ["include"],
     include_dirs: ["hardware/libhardware/include"],
     shared_libs: [
         "libhardware",
         "liblog",
+        "libbase",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libutils",
+        "android.hardware.memtrack@1.0",
     ],
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
diff --git a/libmemtrack/include/memtrack/memtrack.h b/libmemtrack/include/memtrack/memtrack.h
index 8c0ab89..2134a6f 100644
--- a/libmemtrack/include/memtrack/memtrack.h
+++ b/libmemtrack/include/memtrack/memtrack.h
@@ -35,16 +35,6 @@
 struct memtrack_proc;
 
 /**
- * memtrack_init
- *
- * Must be called once before calling any other functions.  After this function
- * is called, everything else is thread-safe.
- *
- * Returns 0 on success, -errno on error.
- */
-int memtrack_init(void);
-
-/**
  * memtrack_proc_new
  *
  * Return a new handle to hold process memory stats.
diff --git a/libmemtrack/memtrack.c b/libmemtrack/memtrack.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 9ed9451..0000000
--- a/libmemtrack/memtrack.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,203 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "memtrack"
-
-#include <memtrack/memtrack.h>
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <malloc.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include <hardware/memtrack.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x)/sizeof((x)[0]))
-
-static const memtrack_module_t *module;
-
-struct memtrack_proc {
-    pid_t pid;
-    struct memtrack_proc_type {
-        enum memtrack_type type;
-        size_t num_records;
-        size_t allocated_records;
-        struct memtrack_record *records;
-    } types[MEMTRACK_NUM_TYPES];
-};
-
-int memtrack_init(void)
-{
-    int err;
-
-    if (module) {
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    err = hw_get_module(MEMTRACK_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,
-            (hw_module_t const**)&module);
-    if (err) {
-        ALOGE("Couldn't load %s module (%s)", MEMTRACK_HARDWARE_MODULE_ID,
-                strerror(-err));
-        return err;
-    }
-
-    return module->init(module);
-}
-
-struct memtrack_proc *memtrack_proc_new(void)
-{
-    if (!module) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    return calloc(sizeof(struct memtrack_proc), 1);
-}
-
-void memtrack_proc_destroy(struct memtrack_proc *p)
-{
-    enum memtrack_type i;
-
-    if (p) {
-        for (i = 0; i < MEMTRACK_NUM_TYPES; i++) {
-            free(p->types[i].records);
-        }
-    }
-    free(p);
-}
-
-static int memtrack_proc_get_type(struct memtrack_proc_type *t,
-            pid_t pid, enum memtrack_type type)
-{
-    size_t num_records = t->num_records;
-    int ret;
-
-retry:
-    ret = module->getMemory(module, pid, type, t->records, &num_records);
-    if (ret) {
-        t->num_records = 0;
-        return ret;
-    }
-    if (num_records > t->allocated_records) {
-        /* Need more records than allocated */
-        free(t->records);
-        t->records = calloc(sizeof(*t->records), num_records);
-        if (!t->records) {
-            return -ENOMEM;
-        }
-        t->allocated_records = num_records;
-        goto retry;
-    }
-    t->num_records = num_records;
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/* TODO: sanity checks on return values from HALs:
- *   make sure no records have invalid flags set
- *    - unknown flags
- *    - too many flags of a single category
- *    - missing ACCOUNTED/UNACCOUNTED
- *   make sure there are not overlapping SHARED and SHARED_PSS records
- */
-static int memtrack_proc_sanity_check(struct memtrack_proc *p)
-{
-    (void)p;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int memtrack_proc_get(struct memtrack_proc *p, pid_t pid)
-{
-    enum memtrack_type i;
-
-    if (!module) {
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    if (!p) {
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    p->pid = pid;
-    for (i = 0; i < MEMTRACK_NUM_TYPES; i++) {
-        memtrack_proc_get_type(&p->types[i], pid, i);
-    }
-
-    return memtrack_proc_sanity_check(p);
-}
-
-static ssize_t memtrack_proc_sum(struct memtrack_proc *p,
-            enum memtrack_type types[], size_t num_types,
-            unsigned int flags)
-{
-    ssize_t sum = 0;
-    size_t i;
-    size_t j;
-
-    for (i = 0; i < num_types; i++) {
-        enum memtrack_type type = types[i];
-        for (j = 0; j < p->types[type].num_records; j++) {
-            if ((p->types[type].records[j].flags & flags) == flags) {
-                sum += p->types[type].records[j].size_in_bytes;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return sum;
-}
-
-ssize_t memtrack_proc_graphics_total(struct memtrack_proc *p)
-{
-    enum memtrack_type types[] = { MEMTRACK_TYPE_GRAPHICS };
-    return memtrack_proc_sum(p, types, ARRAY_SIZE(types), 0);
-}
-
-ssize_t memtrack_proc_graphics_pss(struct memtrack_proc *p)
-{
-    enum memtrack_type types[] = { MEMTRACK_TYPE_GRAPHICS };
-    return memtrack_proc_sum(p, types, ARRAY_SIZE(types),
-                MEMTRACK_FLAG_SMAPS_UNACCOUNTED);
-}
-
-ssize_t memtrack_proc_gl_total(struct memtrack_proc *p)
-{
-    enum memtrack_type types[] = { MEMTRACK_TYPE_GL };
-    return memtrack_proc_sum(p, types, ARRAY_SIZE(types), 0);
-}
-
-ssize_t memtrack_proc_gl_pss(struct memtrack_proc *p)
-{
-    enum memtrack_type types[] = { MEMTRACK_TYPE_GL };
-    return memtrack_proc_sum(p, types, ARRAY_SIZE(types),
-                MEMTRACK_FLAG_SMAPS_UNACCOUNTED);
-}
-
-ssize_t memtrack_proc_other_total(struct memtrack_proc *p)
-{
-    enum memtrack_type types[] = { MEMTRACK_TYPE_MULTIMEDIA,
-                                        MEMTRACK_TYPE_CAMERA,
-                                        MEMTRACK_TYPE_OTHER };
-    return memtrack_proc_sum(p, types, ARRAY_SIZE(types), 0);
-}
-
-ssize_t memtrack_proc_other_pss(struct memtrack_proc *p)
-{
-    enum memtrack_type types[] = { MEMTRACK_TYPE_MULTIMEDIA,
-                                        MEMTRACK_TYPE_CAMERA,
-                                        MEMTRACK_TYPE_OTHER };
-    return memtrack_proc_sum(p, types, ARRAY_SIZE(types),
-                MEMTRACK_FLAG_SMAPS_UNACCOUNTED);
-}
diff --git a/libmemtrack/memtrack.cpp b/libmemtrack/memtrack.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5e74c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmemtrack/memtrack.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#define LOG_TAG "memtrack"
+#include <android/hardware/memtrack/1.0/IMemtrack.h>
+#include <memtrack/memtrack.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <malloc.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+using android::hardware::memtrack::V1_0::IMemtrack;
+using android::hardware::memtrack::V1_0::MemtrackType;
+using android::hardware::memtrack::V1_0::MemtrackRecord;
+using android::hardware::memtrack::V1_0::MemtrackFlag;
+using android::hardware::memtrack::V1_0::MemtrackStatus;
+using android::hardware::hidl_vec;
+using android::hardware::Return;
+
+struct memtrack_proc_type {
+    MemtrackType type;
+    std::vector<MemtrackRecord> records;
+};
+
+struct memtrack_proc {
+    pid_t pid;
+    memtrack_proc_type types[static_cast<int>(MemtrackType::NUM_TYPES)];
+};
+
+//TODO(b/31632518)
+static android::sp<IMemtrack> get_instance() {
+    static android::sp<IMemtrack> module = IMemtrack::getService();
+    if (module == nullptr) {
+        ALOGE("Couldn't load memtrack module");
+    }
+    return module;
+}
+
+memtrack_proc *memtrack_proc_new(void)
+{
+    return new memtrack_proc();
+}
+
+void memtrack_proc_destroy(memtrack_proc *p)
+{
+    delete(p);
+}
+
+static int memtrack_proc_get_type(memtrack_proc_type *t,
+        pid_t pid, MemtrackType type)
+{
+    int err = 0;
+    android::sp<IMemtrack> memtrack = get_instance();
+    if (memtrack == nullptr)
+        return -1;
+
+    Return<void> ret = memtrack->getMemory(pid, type,
+        [&t, &err](MemtrackStatus status, hidl_vec<MemtrackRecord> records) {
+            if (status != MemtrackStatus::SUCCESS) {
+                err = -1;
+                t->records.resize(0);
+            }
+            t->records.resize(records.size());
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < records.size(); i++) {
+                t->records[i].sizeInBytes = records[i].sizeInBytes;
+                t->records[i].flags = records[i].flags;
+            }
+    });
+    return ret.isOk() ? err : -1;
+}
+
+/* TODO: sanity checks on return values from HALs:
+ *   make sure no records have invalid flags set
+ *    - unknown flags
+ *    - too many flags of a single category
+ *    - missing ACCOUNTED/UNACCOUNTED
+ *   make sure there are not overlapping SHARED and SHARED_PSS records
+ */
+static int memtrack_proc_sanity_check(memtrack_proc* /*p*/)
+{
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int memtrack_proc_get(memtrack_proc *p, pid_t pid)
+{
+    if (!p) {
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    p->pid = pid;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < (uint32_t)MemtrackType::NUM_TYPES; i++) {
+        int ret = memtrack_proc_get_type(&p->types[i], pid, (MemtrackType)i);
+        if (ret != 0)
+           return ret;
+    }
+
+    return memtrack_proc_sanity_check(p);
+}
+
+static ssize_t memtrack_proc_sum(memtrack_proc *p,
+        const std::vector<MemtrackType>& types, uint32_t flags)
+{
+    ssize_t sum = 0;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < types.size(); i++) {
+        memtrack_proc_type type = p->types[static_cast<int>(types[i])];
+        std::vector<MemtrackRecord> records = type.records;
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < records.size(); j++) {
+            if ((records[j].flags & flags) == flags) {
+                sum += records[j].sizeInBytes;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return sum;
+}
+
+ssize_t memtrack_proc_graphics_total(memtrack_proc *p)
+{
+    std::vector<MemtrackType> types = {MemtrackType::GRAPHICS};
+    return memtrack_proc_sum(p, types, 0);
+}
+
+ssize_t memtrack_proc_graphics_pss(memtrack_proc *p)
+{
+    std::vector<MemtrackType> types = { MemtrackType::GRAPHICS };
+    return memtrack_proc_sum(p, types,
+            (uint32_t)MemtrackFlag::SMAPS_UNACCOUNTED);
+}
+
+ssize_t memtrack_proc_gl_total(memtrack_proc *p)
+{
+    std::vector<MemtrackType> types = { MemtrackType::GL };
+    return memtrack_proc_sum(p, types, 0);
+}
+
+ssize_t memtrack_proc_gl_pss(memtrack_proc *p)
+{
+    std::vector<MemtrackType> types = { MemtrackType::GL };
+    return memtrack_proc_sum(p, types,
+            (uint32_t)MemtrackFlag::SMAPS_UNACCOUNTED);
+}
+
+ssize_t memtrack_proc_other_total(memtrack_proc *p)
+{
+    std::vector<MemtrackType> types = { MemtrackType::MULTIMEDIA,
+            MemtrackType::CAMERA, MemtrackType::OTHER };
+    return memtrack_proc_sum(p, types, 0);
+}
+
+ssize_t memtrack_proc_other_pss(memtrack_proc *p)
+{
+    std::vector<MemtrackType> types = { MemtrackType::MULTIMEDIA,
+            MemtrackType::CAMERA, MemtrackType::OTHER };
+    return memtrack_proc_sum(p, types,
+            (uint32_t)MemtrackFlag::SMAPS_UNACCOUNTED);
+}
diff --git a/libmemtrack/memtrack_test.c b/libmemtrack/memtrack_test.c
index eaadfa7..77c935e 100644
--- a/libmemtrack/memtrack_test.c
+++ b/libmemtrack/memtrack_test.c
@@ -82,12 +82,6 @@
     (void)argc;
     (void)argv;
 
-    ret = memtrack_init();
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "failed to initialize HAL: %s (%d)\n", strerror(-ret), ret);
-        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    }
-
     ret = pm_kernel_create(&ker);
     if (ret) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Error creating kernel interface -- "
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/Android.bp b/libmemunreachable/Android.bp
index cdac76b..8b76a65 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/Android.bp
+++ b/libmemunreachable/Android.bp
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
         "-Wextra",
         "-Werror",
     ],
-    clang: true,
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
     ],
@@ -26,6 +25,7 @@
     defaults: ["libmemunreachable_defaults"],
     srcs: [
         "Allocator.cpp",
+        "Binder.cpp",
         "HeapWalker.cpp",
         "LeakFolding.cpp",
         "LeakPipe.cpp",
@@ -84,3 +84,18 @@
         },
     },
 }
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "memunreachable_binder_test",
+    defaults: ["libmemunreachable_defaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "tests/Binder_test.cpp",
+        "tests/MemUnreachable_test.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "libmemunreachable",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/Binder.cpp b/libmemunreachable/Binder.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60512a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmemunreachable/Binder.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "Binder.h"
+#include "log.h"
+
+__BEGIN_DECLS
+
+// Weak undefined references to the symbols in libbinder and libhwbinder
+// so that libmemunreachable can call them in processes that have them
+// loaded without requiring libmemunreachable to have dependencies on them.
+ssize_t __attribute__((weak)) getBinderKernelReferences(size_t, uintptr_t*);
+ssize_t __attribute__((weak)) getHWBinderKernelReferences(size_t, uintptr_t*);
+
+__END_DECLS
+
+namespace android {
+
+static bool BinderReferencesToVector(allocator::vector<uintptr_t>& refs,
+                                     std::function<ssize_t(size_t, uintptr_t*)> fn) {
+  if (fn == nullptr) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  size_t size = refs.size();
+
+  do {
+    refs.resize(size);
+
+    ssize_t ret = fn(refs.size(), refs.data());
+    if (ret < 0) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    size = ret;
+  } while (size > refs.size());
+
+  refs.resize(size);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool BinderReferences(allocator::vector<uintptr_t>& refs) {
+  refs.clear();
+
+  allocator::vector<uintptr_t> binder_refs{refs.get_allocator()};
+  if (BinderReferencesToVector(refs, getBinderKernelReferences)) {
+    refs.insert(refs.end(), binder_refs.begin(), binder_refs.end());
+  } else {
+    MEM_ALOGE("getBinderKernelReferences failed");
+  }
+
+  allocator::vector<uintptr_t> hwbinder_refs{refs.get_allocator()};
+  if (BinderReferencesToVector(hwbinder_refs, getHWBinderKernelReferences)) {
+    refs.insert(refs.end(), hwbinder_refs.begin(), hwbinder_refs.end());
+  } else {
+    MEM_ALOGE("getHWBinderKernelReferences failed");
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/signal_handler.h b/libmemunreachable/Binder.h
similarity index 70%
copy from init/signal_handler.h
copy to libmemunreachable/Binder.h
index f7881ab..bf4fd3e 100644
--- a/init/signal_handler.h
+++ b/libmemunreachable/Binder.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,15 +14,15 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _INIT_SIGNAL_HANDLER_H_
-#define _INIT_SIGNAL_HANDLER_H_
+#ifndef LIBMEMUNREACHABLE_BINDER_H_
+#define LIBMEMUNREACHABLE_BINDER_H_
+
+#include "Allocator.h"
 
 namespace android {
-namespace init {
 
-void signal_handler_init(void);
+bool BinderReferences(allocator::vector<uintptr_t>& refs);
 
-}  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
 
-#endif
+#endif  // LIBMEMUNREACHABLE_BINDER_H_
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/MemUnreachable.cpp b/libmemunreachable/MemUnreachable.cpp
index a1f74c3..24fdc7f 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/MemUnreachable.cpp
+++ b/libmemunreachable/MemUnreachable.cpp
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include <backtrace.h>
 
 #include "Allocator.h"
+#include "Binder.h"
 #include "HeapWalker.h"
 #include "Leak.h"
 #include "LeakFolding.h"
@@ -53,7 +54,8 @@
   MemUnreachable(pid_t pid, Allocator<void> allocator)
       : pid_(pid), allocator_(allocator), heap_walker_(allocator_) {}
   bool CollectAllocations(const allocator::vector<ThreadInfo>& threads,
-                          const allocator::vector<Mapping>& mappings);
+                          const allocator::vector<Mapping>& mappings,
+                          const allocator::vector<uintptr_t>& refs);
   bool GetUnreachableMemory(allocator::vector<Leak>& leaks, size_t limit, size_t* num_leaks,
                             size_t* leak_bytes);
   size_t Allocations() { return heap_walker_.Allocations(); }
@@ -82,7 +84,8 @@
 }
 
 bool MemUnreachable::CollectAllocations(const allocator::vector<ThreadInfo>& threads,
-                                        const allocator::vector<Mapping>& mappings) {
+                                        const allocator::vector<Mapping>& mappings,
+                                        const allocator::vector<uintptr_t>& refs) {
   MEM_ALOGI("searching process %d for allocations", pid_);
   allocator::vector<Mapping> heap_mappings{mappings};
   allocator::vector<Mapping> anon_mappings{mappings};
@@ -118,6 +121,8 @@
     heap_walker_.Root(thread_it->regs);
   }
 
+  heap_walker_.Root(refs);
+
   MEM_ALOGI("searching done");
 
   return true;
@@ -282,6 +287,7 @@
     ThreadCapture thread_capture(parent_pid, heap);
     allocator::vector<ThreadInfo> thread_info(heap);
     allocator::vector<Mapping> mappings(heap);
+    allocator::vector<uintptr_t> refs(heap);
 
     // ptrace all the threads
     if (!thread_capture.CaptureThreads()) {
@@ -301,6 +307,11 @@
       return 1;
     }
 
+    if (!BinderReferences(refs)) {
+      continue_parent_sem.Post();
+      return 1;
+    }
+
     // malloc must be enabled to call fork, at_fork handlers take the same
     // locks as ScopedDisableMalloc.  All threads are paused in ptrace, so
     // memory state is still consistent.  Unfreeze the original thread so it
@@ -326,7 +337,7 @@
 
       MemUnreachable unreachable{parent_pid, heap};
 
-      if (!unreachable.CollectAllocations(thread_info, mappings)) {
+      if (!unreachable.CollectAllocations(thread_info, mappings, refs)) {
         _exit(2);
       }
       size_t num_allocations = unreachable.Allocations();
@@ -468,23 +479,6 @@
   return oss.str();
 }
 
-// Figure out the abi based on defined macros.
-#if defined(__arm__)
-#define ABI_STRING "arm"
-#elif defined(__aarch64__)
-#define ABI_STRING "arm64"
-#elif defined(__mips__) && !defined(__LP64__)
-#define ABI_STRING "mips"
-#elif defined(__mips__) && defined(__LP64__)
-#define ABI_STRING "mips64"
-#elif defined(__i386__)
-#define ABI_STRING "x86"
-#elif defined(__x86_64__)
-#define ABI_STRING "x86_64"
-#else
-#error "Unsupported ABI"
-#endif
-
 std::string UnreachableMemoryInfo::ToString(bool log_contents) const {
   std::ostringstream oss;
   oss << "  " << leak_bytes << " bytes in ";
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/ScopedSignalHandler.h b/libmemunreachable/ScopedSignalHandler.h
index f62f368..ff53fad 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/ScopedSignalHandler.h
+++ b/libmemunreachable/ScopedSignalHandler.h
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 
   template <class F>
   void install(int signal, F&& f) {
-    if (signal != -1) MEM_LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("ScopedSignalHandler already installed");
+    if (signal_ != -1) MEM_LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("ScopedSignalHandler already installed");
 
     handler_ = SignalFn(std::allocator_arg, allocator_,
                         [=](int signal, siginfo_t* si, void* uctx) { f(*this, signal, si, uctx); });
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/tests/AndroidTest.xml b/libmemunreachable/tests/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..604c0ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmemunreachable/tests/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Config for memunreachable_test">
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.PushFilePreparer">
+        <option name="cleanup" value="true" />
+        <option name="push" value="memunreachable_test->/data/local/tmp/memunreachable_test" />
+    </target_preparer>
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct" />
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.GTest" >
+        <option name="native-test-device-path" value="/data/local/tmp" />
+        <option name="module-name" value="memunreachable_test" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/tests/Binder_test.cpp b/libmemunreachable/tests/Binder_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e85d5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmemunreachable/tests/Binder_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <binder/Binder.h>
+#include <binder/IBinder.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <binder/Parcel.h>
+#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "Allocator.h"
+#include "Binder.h"
+
+namespace android {
+
+static const String16 service_name("test.libmemunreachable_binder");
+
+class BinderService : public BBinder {
+ public:
+  BinderService() = default;
+  virtual ~BinderService() = default;
+
+  virtual status_t onTransact(uint32_t /*code*/, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply,
+                              uint32_t /*flags*/ = 0) {
+    reply->writeStrongBinder(ref);
+    ref = data.readStrongBinder();
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  sp<IBinder> ref;
+};
+
+class BinderObject : public BBinder {
+ public:
+  BinderObject() = default;
+  ~BinderObject() = default;
+};
+
+class ServiceProcess {
+ public:
+  ServiceProcess() : child_(0) {}
+  ~ServiceProcess() { Stop(); }
+
+  bool Run() {
+    pid_t ret = fork();
+    if (ret < 0) {
+      return false;
+    } else if (ret == 0) {
+      // child
+      _exit(Service());
+    } else {
+      // parent
+      child_ = ret;
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool Stop() {
+    if (child_ > 0) {
+      if (kill(child_, SIGTERM)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      int status = 0;
+      if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(waitpid(child_, &status, 0)) != child_) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      child_ = 0;
+      return WIFEXITED(status) && WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  int Service() {
+    sp<ProcessState> proc{ProcessState::self()};
+    sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
+    if (sm == nullptr) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Failed to get service manager\n");
+      return 1;
+    }
+    if (sm->addService(service_name, new BinderService()) != OK) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "Failed to add test service\n");
+      return 1;
+    }
+    proc->startThreadPool();
+    pause();
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  pid_t child_;
+};
+
+class BinderTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  ServiceProcess service_process_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(BinderTest, binder) {
+  ServiceProcess service_process;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(service_process.Run());
+
+  sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(sm != nullptr);
+
+  // A small sleep allows the service to start, which
+  // prevents a longer sleep in getService.
+  usleep(100000);
+
+  sp<IBinder> service = sm->getService(service_name);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(service != nullptr);
+
+  sp<IBinder> binder{new BinderObject()};
+
+  Parcel send;
+  Parcel reply;
+
+  send.writeStrongBinder(binder);
+  status_t rv = service->transact(0, send, &reply);
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<status_t>(OK), rv);
+
+  Heap heap;
+  allocator::vector<uintptr_t> refs{heap};
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(BinderReferences(refs));
+
+  bool found_ref = false;
+  for (auto ref : refs) {
+    if (ref == reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(binder.get())) {
+      found_ref = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(found_ref);
+}
+
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/tests/DisableMalloc_test.cpp b/libmemunreachable/tests/DisableMalloc_test.cpp
index c630049..f446719 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/tests/DisableMalloc_test.cpp
+++ b/libmemunreachable/tests/DisableMalloc_test.cpp
@@ -73,15 +73,18 @@
 TEST_F(DisableMallocTest, deadlock_new) {
   ASSERT_DEATH(
       {
-        char* ptr = new (char);
+        // C++ allows `new Foo` to be replaced with a stack allocation or merged
+        // with future `new Foo` expressions, provided certain conditions are
+        // met [expr.new/10]. None of this applies to `operator new(size_t)`.
+        void* ptr = ::operator new(1);
         ASSERT_NE(ptr, nullptr);
-        delete (ptr);
+        ::operator delete(ptr);
         {
           alarm(100ms);
           ScopedDisableMalloc disable_malloc;
-          char* ptr = new (std::nothrow)(char);
+          void* ptr = ::operator new(1);
           ASSERT_NE(ptr, nullptr);
-          delete (ptr);
+          ::operator delete(ptr);
         }
       },
       "");
@@ -90,14 +93,12 @@
 TEST_F(DisableMallocTest, deadlock_delete) {
   ASSERT_DEATH(
       {
-        char* ptr = new (char);
+        void* ptr = ::operator new(1);
         ASSERT_NE(ptr, nullptr);
         {
           alarm(250ms);
           ScopedDisableMalloc disable_malloc;
-          delete (ptr);
-          // Force ptr usage or this code gets optimized away by the arm64 compiler.
-          ASSERT_NE(ptr, nullptr);
+          ::operator delete(ptr);
         }
       },
       "");
diff --git a/libmetricslogger/Android.bp b/libmetricslogger/Android.bp
index 38859d1..6549b8d 100644
--- a/libmetricslogger/Android.bp
+++ b/libmetricslogger/Android.bp
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 cc_defaults {
     name: "metricslogger_defaults",
 
-    clang: true,
     host_supported: true,
 
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
@@ -19,11 +18,6 @@
         "-Wall",
         "-Wextra",
         "-Werror",
-
-        // 524291 corresponds to sysui_histogram, from
-        // frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/logging/EventLogTags.logtags
-        "-DHISTOGRAM_LOG_TAG=524292",
-        "-DCOUNT_LOG_TAG=524290",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -31,7 +25,6 @@
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "libmetricslogger",
-    vendor_available: true,
     srcs: metricslogger_lib_src_files,
     defaults: ["metricslogger_defaults"],
 }
diff --git a/libmetricslogger/include/metricslogger/metrics_logger.h b/libmetricslogger/include/metricslogger/metrics_logger.h
index 36e124d..fcabcc9 100644
--- a/libmetricslogger/include/metricslogger/metrics_logger.h
+++ b/libmetricslogger/include/metricslogger/metrics_logger.h
@@ -28,14 +28,26 @@
 // log buffer.
 void LogCounter(const std::string& name, int32_t val);
 
+// Logs a Tron multi_action with category|category| containing the string
+// |value| in the field |field|.
+void LogMultiAction(int32_t category, int32_t field, const std::string& value);
+
 // TODO: replace these with the metric_logger.proto definitions
 enum {
     LOGBUILDER_CATEGORY = 757,
+    LOGBUILDER_TYPE = 758,
     LOGBUILDER_NAME = 799,
     LOGBUILDER_BUCKET = 801,
     LOGBUILDER_VALUE = 802,
     LOGBUILDER_COUNTER = 803,
     LOGBUILDER_HISTOGRAM = 804,
+
+    ACTION_BOOT = 1092,
+    FIELD_PLATFORM_REASON = 1093,
+};
+
+enum {
+    TYPE_ACTION = 4,
 };
 
 }  // namespace metricslogger
diff --git a/libmetricslogger/metrics_logger.cpp b/libmetricslogger/metrics_logger.cpp
index 6f65e10..fdc4407 100644
--- a/libmetricslogger/metrics_logger.cpp
+++ b/libmetricslogger/metrics_logger.cpp
@@ -18,24 +18,40 @@
 
 #include <cstdlib>
 
+#include <log/event_tag_map.h>
 #include <log/log_event_list.h>
 
+namespace {
+
+EventTagMap* kEventTagMap = android_openEventTagMap(nullptr);
+const int kSysuiMultiActionTag = android_lookupEventTagNum(
+    kEventTagMap, "sysui_multi_action", "(content|4)", ANDROID_LOG_UNKNOWN);
+
+}  // namespace
+
 namespace android {
 namespace metricslogger {
 
 // Mirror com.android.internal.logging.MetricsLogger#histogram().
 void LogHistogram(const std::string& event, int32_t data) {
-    android_log_event_list log(HISTOGRAM_LOG_TAG);
+    android_log_event_list log(kSysuiMultiActionTag);
     log << LOGBUILDER_CATEGORY << LOGBUILDER_HISTOGRAM << LOGBUILDER_NAME << event
         << LOGBUILDER_BUCKET << data << LOGBUILDER_VALUE << 1 << LOG_ID_EVENTS;
 }
 
 // Mirror com.android.internal.logging.MetricsLogger#count().
 void LogCounter(const std::string& name, int32_t val) {
-    android_log_event_list log(COUNT_LOG_TAG);
+    android_log_event_list log(kSysuiMultiActionTag);
     log << LOGBUILDER_CATEGORY << LOGBUILDER_COUNTER << LOGBUILDER_NAME << name << LOGBUILDER_VALUE
         << val << LOG_ID_EVENTS;
 }
 
+// Mirror com.android.internal.logging.MetricsLogger#action().
+void LogMultiAction(int32_t category, int32_t field, const std::string& value) {
+    android_log_event_list log(kSysuiMultiActionTag);
+    log << LOGBUILDER_CATEGORY << category << LOGBUILDER_TYPE << TYPE_ACTION
+        << field << value << LOG_ID_EVENTS;
+}
+
 }  // namespace metricslogger
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/Android.bp b/libnativebridge/Android.bp
index 377b7dd..b3c42f0 100644
--- a/libnativebridge/Android.bp
+++ b/libnativebridge/Android.bp
@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
 
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "libnativebridge-dummy-headers",
+
+    host_supported: true,
+    export_include_dirs=["include"],
+}
+
 cc_library {
     name: "libnativebridge",
 
     host_supported: true,
     srcs: ["native_bridge.cc"],
-    shared_libs: ["liblog"],
-    clang: true,
+    shared_libs: ["liblog", "libbase"],
+
+    export_include_dirs=["include"],
 
     cflags: [
         "-Werror",
@@ -23,4 +31,4 @@
     },
 }
 
-subdirs = ["tests"]
\ No newline at end of file
+subdirs = ["tests"]
diff --git a/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h b/libnativebridge/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h
similarity index 100%
rename from include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h
rename to libnativebridge/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h
diff --git a/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc b/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc
index 02b4fe7..e24307a 100644
--- a/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc
+++ b/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 
 #include <cstring>
 
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -243,29 +244,12 @@
   }
 }
 
-#if defined(__arm__)
-static const char* kRuntimeISA = "arm";
-#elif defined(__aarch64__)
-static const char* kRuntimeISA = "arm64";
-#elif defined(__mips__) && !defined(__LP64__)
-static const char* kRuntimeISA = "mips";
-#elif defined(__mips__) && defined(__LP64__)
-static const char* kRuntimeISA = "mips64";
-#elif defined(__i386__)
-static const char* kRuntimeISA = "x86";
-#elif defined(__x86_64__)
-static const char* kRuntimeISA = "x86_64";
-#else
-static const char* kRuntimeISA = "unknown";
-#endif
-
-
 bool NeedsNativeBridge(const char* instruction_set) {
   if (instruction_set == nullptr) {
     ALOGE("Null instruction set in NeedsNativeBridge.");
     return false;
   }
-  return strncmp(instruction_set, kRuntimeISA, strlen(kRuntimeISA) + 1) != 0;
+  return strncmp(instruction_set, ABI_STRING, strlen(ABI_STRING) + 1) != 0;
 }
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/Android.bp b/libnativebridge/tests/Android.bp
index efd3978..e31dae0 100644
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/Android.bp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
         "-Wextra",
         "-Werror",
     ],
+    header_libs: ["libnativebridge-dummy-headers"],
     cppflags: ["-fvisibility=protected"],
     target: {
         android: {
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/Android.mk b/libnativebridge/tests/Android.mk
index 70b3fcc..b3861e0 100644
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/Android.mk
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/Android.mk
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@
 
 shared_libraries := \
     liblog \
+    libbase \
     libnativebridge \
     libnativebridge-dummy
 
 $(foreach file,$(test_src_files), \
     $(eval include $(CLEAR_VARS)) \
-    $(eval LOCAL_CLANG := true) \
     $(eval LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(shared_libraries)) \
     $(eval LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(file)) \
     $(eval LOCAL_MODULE := $(notdir $(file:%.cpp=%))) \
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@
 
 $(foreach file,$(test_src_files), \
     $(eval include $(CLEAR_VARS)) \
-    $(eval LOCAL_CLANG := true) \
     $(eval LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(shared_libraries)) \
     $(eval LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(file)) \
     $(eval LOCAL_MODULE := $(notdir $(file:%.cpp=%))) \
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NeedsNativeBridge_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NeedsNativeBridge_test.cpp
index 2067ed2..c8ff743 100644
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/NeedsNativeBridge_test.cpp
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/NeedsNativeBridge_test.cpp
@@ -16,34 +16,20 @@
 
 #include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
 
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+
 namespace android {
 
 static const char* kISAs[] = { "arm", "arm64", "mips", "mips64", "x86", "x86_64", "random", "64arm",
                                "64_x86", "64_x86_64", "", "reallylongstringabcd", nullptr };
 
-#if defined(__arm__)
-static const char* kRuntimeISA = "arm";
-#elif defined(__aarch64__)
-static const char* kRuntimeISA = "arm64";
-#elif defined(__mips__) && !defined(__LP64__)
-static const char* kRuntimeISA = "mips";
-#elif defined(__mips__) && defined(__LP64__)
-static const char* kRuntimeISA = "mips64";
-#elif defined(__i386__)
-static const char* kRuntimeISA = "x86";
-#elif defined(__x86_64__)
-static const char* kRuntimeISA = "x86_64";
-#else
-static const char* kRuntimeISA = "unknown";
-#endif
-
 TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, NeedsNativeBridge) {
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, NeedsNativeBridge(kRuntimeISA));
+  EXPECT_EQ(false, NeedsNativeBridge(ABI_STRING));
 
-    const size_t kISACount = sizeof(kISAs)/sizeof(kISAs[0]);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < kISACount; i++) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(kISAs[i] == nullptr ? false : strcmp(kISAs[i], kRuntimeISA) != 0,
-                  NeedsNativeBridge(kISAs[i]));
+  const size_t kISACount = sizeof(kISAs) / sizeof(kISAs[0]);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < kISACount; i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(kISAs[i] == nullptr ? false : strcmp(kISAs[i], ABI_STRING) != 0,
+              NeedsNativeBridge(kISAs[i]));
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/libnativeloader/Android.bp b/libnativeloader/Android.bp
index c1133fb..13f9744 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/Android.bp
+++ b/libnativeloader/Android.bp
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
             host_ldlibs: ["-ldl"],
         },
     },
-    clang: true,
     cflags: [
         "-Werror",
         "-Wall",
diff --git a/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp b/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
index 36a2e44..7ccd7db 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
+++ b/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "nativeloader/native_loader.h"
-#include "ScopedUtfChars.h"
+#include <nativehelper/ScopedUtfChars.h>
 
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
diff --git a/libnetutils/Android.bp b/libnetutils/Android.bp
index 9967ef8..1d43775 100644
--- a/libnetutils/Android.bp
+++ b/libnetutils/Android.bp
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "libnetutils",
     vendor_available: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+    },
 
     srcs: [
         "dhcpclient.c",
diff --git a/libpackagelistparser/Android.bp b/libpackagelistparser/Android.bp
index 70ff528..a9fec7d 100644
--- a/libpackagelistparser/Android.bp
+++ b/libpackagelistparser/Android.bp
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
     local_include_dirs: ["include"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 
-    clang: true,
     sanitize: {
         misc_undefined: ["integer"],
     },
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/processgroup.h b/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/processgroup.h
index f0c3795..9fa4154 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/processgroup.h
+++ b/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/processgroup.h
@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@
 
 int createProcessGroup(uid_t uid, int initialPid);
 
+bool setProcessGroupSwappiness(uid_t uid, int initialPid, int swappiness);
+bool setProcessGroupSoftLimit(uid_t uid, int initialPid, int64_t softLimitInBytes);
+bool setProcessGroupLimit(uid_t uid, int initialPid, int64_t limitInBytes);
+
 void removeAllProcessGroups(void);
 
 __END_DECLS
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp b/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
index f5d4e1c..8526b3a 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
+++ b/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
@@ -35,16 +35,16 @@
 #include <set>
 #include <thread>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
 #include <processgroup/processgroup.h>
 
-using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using android::base::WriteStringToFile;
 
-// Uncomment line below use memory cgroups for keeping track of (forked) PIDs
-// #define USE_MEMCG 1
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
 #define MEM_CGROUP_PATH "/dev/memcg/apps"
 #define MEM_CGROUP_TASKS "/dev/memcg/apps/tasks"
@@ -91,7 +91,6 @@
 };
 
 static const char* getCgroupRootPath() {
-#ifdef USE_MEMCG
     static const char* cgroup_root_path = NULL;
     std::call_once(init_path_flag, [&]() {
             // Check if mem cgroup is mounted, only then check for write-access to avoid
@@ -100,9 +99,6 @@
                     ACCT_CGROUP_PATH : MEM_CGROUP_PATH;
             });
     return cgroup_root_path;
-#else
-    return ACCT_CGROUP_PATH;
-#endif
 }
 
 static int convertUidToPath(char *path, size_t size, uid_t uid)
@@ -409,22 +405,40 @@
 
     strlcat(path, PROCESSGROUP_CGROUP_PROCS_FILE, sizeof(path));
 
-    int fd = open(path, O_WRONLY);
-    if (fd == -1) {
-        int ret = -errno;
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open " << path;
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    char pid[PROCESSGROUP_MAX_PID_LEN + 1] = {0};
-    int len = snprintf(pid, sizeof(pid), "%d", initialPid);
-
     int ret = 0;
-    if (write(fd, pid, len) < 0) {
+    if (!WriteStringToFile(std::to_string(initialPid), path)) {
         ret = -errno;
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write '" << pid << "' to " << path;
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write '" << initialPid << "' to " << path;
     }
 
-    close(fd);
     return ret;
 }
+
+static bool setProcessGroupValue(uid_t uid, int pid, const char* fileName, int64_t value) {
+    char path[PROCESSGROUP_MAX_PATH_LEN] = {0};
+    if (strcmp(getCgroupRootPath(), MEM_CGROUP_PATH)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Memcg is not mounted." << path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    convertUidPidToPath(path, sizeof(path), uid, pid);
+    strlcat(path, fileName, sizeof(path));
+
+    if (!WriteStringToFile(std::to_string(value), path)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write '" << value << "' to " << path;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool setProcessGroupSwappiness(uid_t uid, int pid, int swappiness) {
+    return setProcessGroupValue(uid, pid, "/memory.swappiness", swappiness);
+}
+
+bool setProcessGroupSoftLimit(uid_t uid, int pid, int64_t soft_limit_in_bytes) {
+    return setProcessGroupValue(uid, pid, "/memory.soft_limit_in_bytes", soft_limit_in_bytes);
+}
+
+bool setProcessGroupLimit(uid_t uid, int pid, int64_t limit_in_bytes) {
+    return setProcessGroupValue(uid, pid, "/memory.limit_in_bytes", limit_in_bytes);
+}
diff --git a/libprocinfo/Android.bp b/libprocinfo/Android.bp
index aedaa38..b568ee5 100644
--- a/libprocinfo/Android.bp
+++ b/libprocinfo/Android.bp
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@
 cc_library {
     name: "libprocinfo",
     vendor_available: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+    },
     host_supported: true,
     srcs: [
         "process.cpp",
diff --git a/libsparse/simg_dump.py b/libsparse/simg_dump.py
index c70d45f..82a03ad 100755
--- a/libsparse/simg_dump.py
+++ b/libsparse/simg_dump.py
@@ -15,43 +15,64 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from __future__ import print_function
-import getopt, posixpath, signal, struct, sys
+import csv
+import getopt
+import hashlib
+import posixpath
+import signal
+import struct
+import sys
+
 
 def usage(argv0):
   print("""
-Usage: %s [-v] sparse_image_file ...
+Usage: %s [-v] [-s] [-c <filename>] sparse_image_file ...
  -v             verbose output
-""" % ( argv0 ))
+ -s             show sha1sum of data blocks
+ -c <filename>  save .csv file of blocks
+""" % (argv0))
   sys.exit(2)
 
-def main():
 
+def main():
   signal.signal(signal.SIGPIPE, signal.SIG_DFL)
 
   me = posixpath.basename(sys.argv[0])
 
   # Parse the command line
-  verbose = 0			# -v
+  verbose = 0                   # -v
+  showhash = 0                  # -s
+  csvfilename = None            # -c
   try:
     opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:],
-                               "v",
-                               ["verbose"])
+                               "vsc:",
+                               ["verbose", "showhash", "csvfile"])
   except getopt.GetoptError, e:
     print(e)
     usage(me)
   for o, a in opts:
     if o in ("-v", "--verbose"):
       verbose += 1
+    elif o in ("-s", "--showhash"):
+      showhash = True
+    elif o in ("-c", "--csvfile"):
+      csvfilename = a
     else:
       print("Unrecognized option \"%s\"" % (o))
       usage(me)
 
-  if len(args) == 0:
+  if not args:
     print("No sparse_image_file specified")
     usage(me)
 
+  if csvfilename:
+    csvfile = open(csvfilename, "wb")
+    csvwriter = csv.writer(csvfile)
+
+  output = verbose or csvfilename or showhash
+
   for path in args:
-    FH = open(path, 'rb')
+    FH = open(path, "rb")
     header_bin = FH.read(28)
     header = struct.unpack("<I4H4I", header_bin)
 
@@ -88,71 +109,99 @@
     if image_checksum != 0:
       print("checksum=0x%08X" % (image_checksum))
 
-    if not verbose:
+    if not output:
       continue
-    print("            input_bytes      output_blocks")
-    print("chunk    offset     number  offset  number")
+
+    if verbose > 0:
+      print("            input_bytes      output_blocks")
+      print("chunk    offset     number  offset  number")
+
+    if csvfilename:
+      csvwriter.writerow(["chunk", "input offset", "input bytes",
+                          "output offset", "output blocks", "type", "hash"])
+
     offset = 0
-    for i in xrange(1,total_chunks+1):
+    for i in xrange(1, total_chunks + 1):
       header_bin = FH.read(12)
       header = struct.unpack("<2H2I", header_bin)
       chunk_type = header[0]
-      reserved1 = header[1]
       chunk_sz = header[2]
       total_sz = header[3]
       data_sz = total_sz - 12
+      curhash = ""
+      curtype = ""
+      curpos = FH.tell()
 
-      print("%4u %10u %10u %7u %7u" % (i, FH.tell(), data_sz, offset, chunk_sz),
-            end=" ")
+      if verbose > 0:
+        print("%4u %10u %10u %7u %7u" % (i, curpos, data_sz, offset, chunk_sz),
+              end=" ")
 
       if chunk_type == 0xCAC1:
         if data_sz != (chunk_sz * blk_sz):
           print("Raw chunk input size (%u) does not match output size (%u)"
                 % (data_sz, chunk_sz * blk_sz))
-          break;
+          break
         else:
-          print("Raw data", end="")
-          FH.read(data_sz)
+          curtype = "Raw data"
+          data = FH.read(data_sz)
+          if showhash:
+            h = hashlib.sha1()
+            h.update(data)
+            curhash = h.hexdigest()
       elif chunk_type == 0xCAC2:
         if data_sz != 4:
           print("Fill chunk should have 4 bytes of fill, but this has %u"
-                % (data_sz), end="")
-          break;
+                % (data_sz))
+          break
         else:
           fill_bin = FH.read(4)
           fill = struct.unpack("<I", fill_bin)
-          print("Fill with 0x%08X" % (fill))
+          curtype = format("Fill with 0x%08X" % (fill))
+          if showhash:
+            h = hashlib.sha1()
+            data = fill_bin * (blk_sz / 4);
+            for block in xrange(chunk_sz):
+              h.update(data)
+            curhash = h.hexdigest()
       elif chunk_type == 0xCAC3:
         if data_sz != 0:
           print("Don't care chunk input size is non-zero (%u)" % (data_sz))
-          break;
+          break
         else:
-          print("Don't care", end="")
+          curtype = "Don't care"
       elif chunk_type == 0xCAC4:
         if data_sz != 4:
           print("CRC32 chunk should have 4 bytes of CRC, but this has %u"
-                % (data_sz), end="")
-          break;
+                % (data_sz))
+          break
         else:
           crc_bin = FH.read(4)
           crc = struct.unpack("<I", crc_bin)
-          print("Unverified CRC32 0x%08X" % (crc))
+          curtype = format("Unverified CRC32 0x%08X" % (crc))
       else:
-          print("Unknown chunk type 0x%04X" % (chunk_type), end="")
-          break;
+        print("Unknown chunk type 0x%04X" % (chunk_type))
+        break
 
-      if verbose > 1:
-        header = struct.unpack("<12B", header_bin)
-        print(" (%02X%02X %02X%02X %02X%02X%02X%02X %02X%02X%02X%02X)"
-              % (header[0], header[1], header[2], header[3],
-                 header[4], header[5], header[6], header[7],
-                 header[8], header[9], header[10], header[11]))
-      else:
-        print()
+      if verbose > 0:
+        print("%-18s" % (curtype), end=" ")
+
+        if verbose > 1:
+          header = struct.unpack("<12B", header_bin)
+          print(" (%02X%02X %02X%02X %02X%02X%02X%02X %02X%02X%02X%02X)"
+                % (header[0], header[1], header[2], header[3],
+                   header[4], header[5], header[6], header[7],
+                   header[8], header[9], header[10], header[11]), end=" ")
+
+        print(curhash)
+
+      if csvfilename:
+        csvwriter.writerow([i, curpos, data_sz, offset, chunk_sz, curtype,
+                            curhash])
 
       offset += chunk_sz
 
-    print("     %10u            %7u         End" % (FH.tell(), offset))
+    if verbose > 0:
+      print("     %10u            %7u         End" % (FH.tell(), offset))
 
     if total_blks != offset:
       print("The header said we should have %u output blocks, but we saw %u"
@@ -163,6 +212,9 @@
       print("There were %u bytes of extra data at the end of the file."
             % (junk_len))
 
+  if csvfilename:
+    csvfile.close()
+
   sys.exit(0)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
diff --git a/libsuspend/Android.bp b/libsuspend/Android.bp
index 7883151..32f1e1f 100644
--- a/libsuspend/Android.bp
+++ b/libsuspend/Android.bp
@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@
 cc_library {
     name: "libsuspend",
     vendor_available: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+    },
 
     srcs: [
         "autosuspend.c",
-        "autosuspend_autosleep.c",
-        "autosuspend_earlysuspend.c",
         "autosuspend_wakeup_count.c",
     ],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
diff --git a/libsuspend/autosuspend.c b/libsuspend/autosuspend.c
index 54730c2..96e1c10 100644
--- a/libsuspend/autosuspend.c
+++ b/libsuspend/autosuspend.c
@@ -34,19 +34,6 @@
         return 0;
     }
 
-    autosuspend_ops = autosuspend_earlysuspend_init();
-    if (autosuspend_ops) {
-        goto out;
-    }
-
-/* Remove autosleep so userspace can manager suspend/resume and keep stats */
-#if 0
-    autosuspend_ops = autosuspend_autosleep_init();
-    if (autosuspend_ops) {
-        goto out;
-    }
-#endif
-
     autosuspend_ops = autosuspend_wakeup_count_init();
     if (autosuspend_ops) {
         goto out;
diff --git a/libsuspend/autosuspend_autosleep.c b/libsuspend/autosuspend_autosleep.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 77d8db0..0000000
--- a/libsuspend/autosuspend_autosleep.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "libsuspend"
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-#include "autosuspend_ops.h"
-
-#define SYS_POWER_AUTOSLEEP "/sys/power/autosleep"
-
-static int autosleep_fd;
-static const char *sleep_state = "mem";
-static const char *on_state = "off";
-
-static int autosuspend_autosleep_enable(void)
-{
-    char buf[80];
-    int ret;
-
-    ALOGV("autosuspend_autosleep_enable\n");
-
-    ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(autosleep_fd, sleep_state, strlen(sleep_state)));
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        strerror_r(errno, buf, sizeof(buf));
-        ALOGE("Error writing to %s: %s\n", SYS_POWER_AUTOSLEEP, buf);
-        goto err;
-    }
-
-    ALOGV("autosuspend_autosleep_enable done\n");
-
-    return 0;
-
-err:
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static int autosuspend_autosleep_disable(void)
-{
-    char buf[80];
-    int ret;
-
-    ALOGV("autosuspend_autosleep_disable\n");
-
-    ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(autosleep_fd, on_state, strlen(on_state)));
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        strerror_r(errno, buf, sizeof(buf));
-        ALOGE("Error writing to %s: %s\n", SYS_POWER_AUTOSLEEP, buf);
-        goto err;
-    }
-
-    ALOGV("autosuspend_autosleep_disable done\n");
-
-    return 0;
-
-err:
-    return ret;
-}
-
-struct autosuspend_ops autosuspend_autosleep_ops = {
-        .enable = autosuspend_autosleep_enable,
-        .disable = autosuspend_autosleep_disable,
-};
-
-struct autosuspend_ops *autosuspend_autosleep_init(void)
-{
-    char buf[80];
-
-    autosleep_fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(SYS_POWER_AUTOSLEEP, O_WRONLY));
-    if (autosleep_fd < 0) {
-        strerror_r(errno, buf, sizeof(buf));
-        ALOGE("Error opening %s: %s\n", SYS_POWER_AUTOSLEEP, buf);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    ALOGI("Selected autosleep\n");
-
-    autosuspend_autosleep_disable();
-
-    return &autosuspend_autosleep_ops;
-}
diff --git a/libsuspend/autosuspend_earlysuspend.c b/libsuspend/autosuspend_earlysuspend.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 809ee82..0000000
--- a/libsuspend/autosuspend_earlysuspend.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,219 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "libsuspend"
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <pthread.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-#include "autosuspend_ops.h"
-
-#define EARLYSUSPEND_SYS_POWER_STATE "/sys/power/state"
-#define EARLYSUSPEND_WAIT_FOR_FB_SLEEP "/sys/power/wait_for_fb_sleep"
-#define EARLYSUSPEND_WAIT_FOR_FB_WAKE "/sys/power/wait_for_fb_wake"
-
-static int sPowerStatefd;
-static const char *pwr_state_mem = "mem";
-static const char *pwr_state_on = "on";
-static pthread_t earlysuspend_thread;
-static pthread_mutex_t earlysuspend_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
-static pthread_cond_t earlysuspend_cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
-static bool wait_for_earlysuspend;
-static enum {
-    EARLYSUSPEND_ON,
-    EARLYSUSPEND_MEM,
-} earlysuspend_state = EARLYSUSPEND_ON;
-
-int wait_for_fb_wake(void)
-{
-    int err = 0;
-    char buf;
-    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(EARLYSUSPEND_WAIT_FOR_FB_WAKE, O_RDONLY, 0));
-    // if the file doesn't exist, the error will be caught in read() below
-    err = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, &buf, 1));
-    ALOGE_IF(err < 0,
-            "*** ANDROID_WAIT_FOR_FB_WAKE failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-    close(fd);
-    return err < 0 ? err : 0;
-}
-
-static int wait_for_fb_sleep(void)
-{
-    int err = 0;
-    char buf;
-    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(EARLYSUSPEND_WAIT_FOR_FB_SLEEP, O_RDONLY, 0));
-    // if the file doesn't exist, the error will be caught in read() below
-    err = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, &buf, 1));
-    ALOGE_IF(err < 0,
-            "*** ANDROID_WAIT_FOR_FB_SLEEP failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
-    close(fd);
-    return err < 0 ? err : 0;
-}
-
-static void *earlysuspend_thread_func(void __unused *arg)
-{
-    while (1) {
-        if (wait_for_fb_sleep()) {
-            ALOGE("Failed reading wait_for_fb_sleep, exiting earlysuspend thread\n");
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        pthread_mutex_lock(&earlysuspend_mutex);
-        earlysuspend_state = EARLYSUSPEND_MEM;
-        pthread_cond_signal(&earlysuspend_cond);
-        pthread_mutex_unlock(&earlysuspend_mutex);
-
-        if (wait_for_fb_wake()) {
-            ALOGE("Failed reading wait_for_fb_wake, exiting earlysuspend thread\n");
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        pthread_mutex_lock(&earlysuspend_mutex);
-        earlysuspend_state = EARLYSUSPEND_ON;
-        pthread_cond_signal(&earlysuspend_cond);
-        pthread_mutex_unlock(&earlysuspend_mutex);
-    }
-}
-static int autosuspend_earlysuspend_enable(void)
-{
-    char buf[80];
-    int ret;
-
-    ALOGV("autosuspend_earlysuspend_enable\n");
-
-    ret = write(sPowerStatefd, pwr_state_mem, strlen(pwr_state_mem));
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        strerror_r(errno, buf, sizeof(buf));
-        ALOGE("Error writing to %s: %s\n", EARLYSUSPEND_SYS_POWER_STATE, buf);
-        goto err;
-    }
-
-    if (wait_for_earlysuspend) {
-        pthread_mutex_lock(&earlysuspend_mutex);
-        while (earlysuspend_state != EARLYSUSPEND_MEM) {
-            pthread_cond_wait(&earlysuspend_cond, &earlysuspend_mutex);
-        }
-        pthread_mutex_unlock(&earlysuspend_mutex);
-    }
-
-    ALOGV("autosuspend_earlysuspend_enable done\n");
-
-    return 0;
-
-err:
-    return ret;
-}
-
-static int autosuspend_earlysuspend_disable(void)
-{
-    char buf[80];
-    int ret;
-
-    ALOGV("autosuspend_earlysuspend_disable\n");
-
-    ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(sPowerStatefd, pwr_state_on, strlen(pwr_state_on)));
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        strerror_r(errno, buf, sizeof(buf));
-        ALOGE("Error writing to %s: %s\n", EARLYSUSPEND_SYS_POWER_STATE, buf);
-        goto err;
-    }
-
-    if (wait_for_earlysuspend) {
-        pthread_mutex_lock(&earlysuspend_mutex);
-        while (earlysuspend_state != EARLYSUSPEND_ON) {
-            pthread_cond_wait(&earlysuspend_cond, &earlysuspend_mutex);
-        }
-        pthread_mutex_unlock(&earlysuspend_mutex);
-    }
-
-    ALOGV("autosuspend_earlysuspend_disable done\n");
-
-    return 0;
-
-err:
-    return ret;
-}
-
-struct autosuspend_ops autosuspend_earlysuspend_ops = {
-        .enable = autosuspend_earlysuspend_enable,
-        .disable = autosuspend_earlysuspend_disable,
-};
-
-void start_earlysuspend_thread(void)
-{
-    char buf[80];
-    int ret;
-
-    ret = access(EARLYSUSPEND_WAIT_FOR_FB_SLEEP, F_OK);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    ret = access(EARLYSUSPEND_WAIT_FOR_FB_WAKE, F_OK);
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        return;
-    }
-
-    wait_for_fb_wake();
-
-    ALOGI("Starting early suspend unblocker thread\n");
-    ret = pthread_create(&earlysuspend_thread, NULL, earlysuspend_thread_func, NULL);
-    if (ret) {
-        strerror_r(errno, buf, sizeof(buf));
-        ALOGE("Error creating thread: %s\n", buf);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    wait_for_earlysuspend = true;
-}
-
-struct autosuspend_ops *autosuspend_earlysuspend_init(void)
-{
-    char buf[80];
-    int ret;
-
-    sPowerStatefd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(EARLYSUSPEND_SYS_POWER_STATE, O_RDWR));
-
-    if (sPowerStatefd < 0) {
-        strerror_r(errno, buf, sizeof(buf));
-        ALOGW("Error opening %s: %s\n", EARLYSUSPEND_SYS_POWER_STATE, buf);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(sPowerStatefd, "on", 2));
-    if (ret < 0) {
-        strerror_r(errno, buf, sizeof(buf));
-        ALOGW("Error writing 'on' to %s: %s\n", EARLYSUSPEND_SYS_POWER_STATE, buf);
-        goto err_write;
-    }
-
-    ALOGI("Selected early suspend\n");
-
-    start_earlysuspend_thread();
-
-    return &autosuspend_earlysuspend_ops;
-
-err_write:
-    close(sPowerStatefd);
-    return NULL;
-}
diff --git a/libsync/Android.bp b/libsync/Android.bp
index 4bafb08..3fae5e6 100644
--- a/libsync/Android.bp
+++ b/libsync/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,17 @@
+ndk_headers {
+    name: "libsync_headers",
+    from: "include/ndk",
+    to: "android",
+    srcs: ["include/ndk/sync.h"],
+    license: "NOTICE",
+}
+
+ndk_library {
+    name: "libsync",
+    symbol_file: "libsync.map.txt",
+    first_version: "26",
+}
+
 cc_defaults {
     name: "libsync_defaults",
     srcs: ["sync.c"],
@@ -8,10 +22,15 @@
 
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "libsync",
-    vendor_available: true,
     defaults: ["libsync_defaults"],
 }
 
+llndk_library {
+    name: "libsync",
+    symbol_file: "libsync.map.txt",
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+}
+
 // libsync_recovery is only intended for the recovery binary.
 // Future versions of the kernel WILL require an updated libsync, and will break
 // anything statically linked against the current libsync.
@@ -38,5 +57,4 @@
         "-Wno-missing-field-initializers",
         "-Wno-sign-compare",
     ],
-    clang: true,
 }
diff --git a/libsync/NOTICE b/libsync/NOTICE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c8db73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libsync/NOTICE
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+
+   Copyright (c) 2012-2017, The Android Open Source Project
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
diff --git a/libsync/include/android/sync.h b/libsync/include/android/sync.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68f74a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libsync/include/android/sync.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ *  sync.h
+ *
+ *   Copyright 2012 Google, Inc
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef __SYS_CORE_SYNC_H
+#define __SYS_CORE_SYNC_H
+
+/* This file contains the legacy sync interface used by Android platform and
+ * device code. The direct contents will be removed over time as code
+ * transitions to using the updated interface in ndk/sync.h. When this file is
+ * empty other than the ndk/sync.h include, that file will be renamed to
+ * replace this one.
+ *
+ * New code should continue to include this file (#include <android/sync.h>)
+ * instead of ndk/sync.h so the eventual rename is seamless, but should only
+ * use the things declared in ndk/sync.h.
+ *
+ * This file used to be called sync/sync.h, but we renamed to that both the
+ * platform and NDK call it android/sync.h. A symlink from the old name to this
+ * one exists temporarily to avoid having to change all sync clients
+ * simultaneously. It will be removed when they've been updated, and probably
+ * after this change has been delivered to AOSP so that integrations don't
+ * break builds.
+ */
+
+#include "../ndk/sync.h"
+
+__BEGIN_DECLS
+
+struct sync_fence_info_data {
+ uint32_t len;
+ char name[32];
+ int32_t status;
+ uint8_t pt_info[0];
+};
+
+struct sync_pt_info {
+ uint32_t len;
+ char obj_name[32];
+ char driver_name[32];
+ int32_t status;
+ uint64_t timestamp_ns;
+ uint8_t driver_data[0];
+};
+
+/* timeout in msecs */
+int sync_wait(int fd, int timeout);
+struct sync_fence_info_data *sync_fence_info(int fd);
+struct sync_pt_info *sync_pt_info(struct sync_fence_info_data *info,
+                                  struct sync_pt_info *itr);
+void sync_fence_info_free(struct sync_fence_info_data *info);
+
+__END_DECLS
+
+#endif /* __SYS_CORE_SYNC_H */
diff --git a/libsync/include/ndk/sync.h b/libsync/include/ndk/sync.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c55783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libsync/include/ndk/sync.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ *  Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ *  limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_SYNC_H
+#define ANDROID_SYNC_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <linux/sync_file.h>
+
+__BEGIN_DECLS
+
+#if __ANDROID_API__ >= __ANDROID_API_O__
+
+/* Fences indicate the status of an asynchronous task. They are initially
+ * in unsignaled state (0), and make a one-time transition to either signaled
+ * (1) or error (< 0) state. A sync file is a collection of one or more fences;
+ * the sync file's status is error if any of its fences are in error state,
+ * signaled if all of the child fences are signaled, or unsignaled otherwise.
+ *
+ * Sync files are created by various device APIs in response to submitting
+ * tasks to the device. Standard file descriptor lifetime syscalls like dup()
+ * and close() are used to manage sync file lifetime.
+ *
+ * The poll(), ppoll(), or select() syscalls can be used to wait for the sync
+ * file to change status, or (with a timeout of zero) to check its status.
+ *
+ * The functions below provide a few additional sync-specific operations.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Merge two sync files.
+ *
+ * This produces a new sync file with the given name which has the union of the
+ * two original sync file's fences; redundant fences may be removed.
+ *
+ * If one of the input sync files is signaled or invalid, then this function
+ * may behave like dup(): the new file descriptor refers to the valid/unsignaled
+ * sync file with its original name, rather than a new sync file.
+ *
+ * The original fences remain valid, and the caller is responsible for closing
+ * them.
+ */
+int32_t sync_merge(const char *name, int32_t fd1, int32_t fd2);
+
+/**
+ * Retrieve detailed information about a sync file and its fences.
+ *
+ * The returned sync_file_info must be freed by calling sync_file_info_free().
+ */
+struct sync_file_info *sync_file_info(int32_t fd);
+
+/**
+ * Get the array of fence infos from the sync file's info.
+ *
+ * The returned array is owned by the parent sync file info, and has
+ * info->num_fences entries.
+ */
+static inline struct sync_fence_info* sync_get_fence_info(const struct sync_file_info* info) {
+// This header should compile in C, but some C++ projects enable
+// warnings-as-error for C-style casts.
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"
+    return (struct sync_fence_info *)(uintptr_t)(info->sync_fence_info);
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+}
+
+/** Free a struct sync_file_info structure */
+void sync_file_info_free(struct sync_file_info *info);
+
+#endif // __ANDROID_API__ >= __ANDROID_API_O__
+
+__END_DECLS
+
+#endif /* ANDROID_SYNC_H */
diff --git a/libsync/include/sync/sync.h b/libsync/include/sync/sync.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 50ed0ac..0000000
--- a/libsync/include/sync/sync.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-/*
- *  sync.h
- *
- *   Copyright 2012 Google, Inc
- *
- *  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- *  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- *  You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- *  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- *  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- *  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- *  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- *  limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef __SYS_CORE_SYNC_H
-#define __SYS_CORE_SYNC_H
-
-#include <sys/cdefs.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-#include <linux/types.h>
-
-__BEGIN_DECLS
-
-struct sync_legacy_merge_data {
- int32_t fd2;
- char name[32];
- int32_t fence;
-};
-
-struct sync_fence_info_data {
- uint32_t len;
- char name[32];
- int32_t status;
- uint8_t pt_info[0];
-};
-
-struct sync_pt_info {
- uint32_t len;
- char obj_name[32];
- char driver_name[32];
- int32_t status;
- uint64_t timestamp_ns;
- uint8_t driver_data[0];
-};
-
-#define SYNC_IOC_MAGIC		'>'
-
-/**
- * DOC: SYNC_IOC_LEGACY_WAIT - wait for a fence to signal
- *
- * pass timeout in milliseconds.  Waits indefinitely timeout < 0.
- *
- * This is the legacy version of the Sync API before the de-stage that happened
- * on Linux kernel 4.7.
- */
-#define SYNC_IOC_LEGACY_WAIT	_IOW(SYNC_IOC_MAGIC, 0, __s32)
-
-/**
- * DOC: SYNC_IOC_MERGE - merge two fences
- *
- * Takes a struct sync_merge_data.  Creates a new fence containing copies of
- * the sync_pts in both the calling fd and sync_merge_data.fd2.  Returns the
- * new fence's fd in sync_merge_data.fence
- *
- * This is the legacy version of the Sync API before the de-stage that happened
- * on Linux kernel 4.7.
- */
-#define SYNC_IOC_LEGACY_MERGE	_IOWR(SYNC_IOC_MAGIC, 1, \
-	struct sync_legacy_merge_data)
-
-/**
- * DOC: SYNC_IOC_LEGACY_FENCE_INFO - get detailed information on a fence
- *
- * Takes a struct sync_fence_info_data with extra space allocated for pt_info.
- * Caller should write the size of the buffer into len.  On return, len is
- * updated to reflect the total size of the sync_fence_info_data including
- * pt_info.
- *
- * pt_info is a buffer containing sync_pt_infos for every sync_pt in the fence.
- * To iterate over the sync_pt_infos, use the sync_pt_info.len field.
- *
- * This is the legacy version of the Sync API before the de-stage that happened
- * on Linux kernel 4.7.
- */
-#define SYNC_IOC_LEGACY_FENCE_INFO	_IOWR(SYNC_IOC_MAGIC, 2,\
-	struct sync_fence_info_data)
-
-struct sync_merge_data {
- char name[32];
- int32_t fd2;
- int32_t fence;
- uint32_t flags;
- uint32_t pad;
-};
-
-struct sync_file_info {
- char name[32];
- int32_t status;
- uint32_t flags;
- uint32_t num_fences;
- uint32_t pad;
-
- uint64_t sync_fence_info;
-};
-
-struct sync_fence_info {
- char obj_name[32];
- char driver_name[32];
- int32_t status;
- uint32_t flags;
- uint64_t timestamp_ns;
-};
-
-/**
- * Mainline API:
- *
- * Opcodes  0, 1 and 2 were burned during a API change to avoid users of the
- * old API to get weird errors when trying to handling sync_files. The API
- * change happened during the de-stage of the Sync Framework when there was
- * no upstream users available.
- */
-
-/**
- * DOC: SYNC_IOC_MERGE - merge two fences
- *
- * Takes a struct sync_merge_data.  Creates a new fence containing copies of
- * the sync_pts in both the calling fd and sync_merge_data.fd2.  Returns the
- * new fence's fd in sync_merge_data.fence
- *
- * This is the new version of the Sync API after the de-stage that happened
- * on Linux kernel 4.7.
- */
-#define SYNC_IOC_MERGE		_IOWR(SYNC_IOC_MAGIC, 3, struct sync_merge_data)
-
-/**
- * DOC: SYNC_IOC_FILE_INFO - get detailed information on a sync_file
- *
- * Takes a struct sync_file_info. If num_fences is 0, the field is updated
- * with the actual number of fences. If num_fences is > 0, the system will
- * use the pointer provided on sync_fence_info to return up to num_fences of
- * struct sync_fence_info, with detailed fence information.
- *
- * This is the new version of the Sync API after the de-stage that happened
- * on Linux kernel 4.7.
- */
-#define SYNC_IOC_FILE_INFO	_IOWR(SYNC_IOC_MAGIC, 4, struct sync_file_info)
-
-/* timeout in msecs */
-int sync_wait(int fd, int timeout);
-int sync_merge(const char *name, int fd1, int fd2);
-struct sync_fence_info_data *sync_fence_info(int fd);
-struct sync_pt_info *sync_pt_info(struct sync_fence_info_data *info,
-                                  struct sync_pt_info *itr);
-void sync_fence_info_free(struct sync_fence_info_data *info);
-
-__END_DECLS
-
-#endif /* __SYS_CORE_SYNC_H */
diff --git a/libsync/include/sync/sync.h b/libsync/include/sync/sync.h
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..3b17e48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libsync/include/sync/sync.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../android/sync.h
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libsync/libsync.map.txt b/libsync/libsync.map.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53bb07a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libsync/libsync.map.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#
+# Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+LIBSYNC {
+  global:
+    sync_merge; # introduced=26
+    sync_file_info; # introduced=26
+    sync_file_info_free; # introduced=26
+    sync_wait; # vndk
+    sync_fence_info; # vndk
+    sync_pt_info; # vndk
+    sync_fence_info_free; # vndk
+  local:
+    *;
+};
diff --git a/libsync/sync.c b/libsync/sync.c
index 9ed03db..e657658 100644
--- a/libsync/sync.c
+++ b/libsync/sync.c
@@ -16,19 +16,59 @@
  *  limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <malloc.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <stdatomic.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <poll.h>
 
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
-#include <sync/sync.h>
+#include <android/sync.h>
 
+/* Legacy Sync API */
+
+struct sync_legacy_merge_data {
+ int32_t fd2;
+ char name[32];
+ int32_t fence;
+};
+
+/**
+ * DOC: SYNC_IOC_MERGE - merge two fences
+ *
+ * Takes a struct sync_merge_data.  Creates a new fence containing copies of
+ * the sync_pts in both the calling fd and sync_merge_data.fd2.  Returns the
+ * new fence's fd in sync_merge_data.fence
+ *
+ * This is the legacy version of the Sync API before the de-stage that happened
+ * on Linux kernel 4.7.
+ */
+#define SYNC_IOC_LEGACY_MERGE   _IOWR(SYNC_IOC_MAGIC, 1, \
+    struct sync_legacy_merge_data)
+
+/**
+ * DOC: SYNC_IOC_LEGACY_FENCE_INFO - get detailed information on a fence
+ *
+ * Takes a struct sync_fence_info_data with extra space allocated for pt_info.
+ * Caller should write the size of the buffer into len.  On return, len is
+ * updated to reflect the total size of the sync_fence_info_data including
+ * pt_info.
+ *
+ * pt_info is a buffer containing sync_pt_infos for every sync_pt in the fence.
+ * To iterate over the sync_pt_infos, use the sync_pt_info.len field.
+ *
+ * This is the legacy version of the Sync API before the de-stage that happened
+ * on Linux kernel 4.7.
+ */
+#define SYNC_IOC_LEGACY_FENCE_INFO  _IOWR(SYNC_IOC_MAGIC, 2,\
+    struct sync_fence_info_data)
+
+/* SW Sync API */
 
 struct sw_sync_create_fence_data {
   __u32 value;
@@ -40,6 +80,24 @@
 #define SW_SYNC_IOC_CREATE_FENCE _IOWR(SW_SYNC_IOC_MAGIC, 0, struct sw_sync_create_fence_data)
 #define SW_SYNC_IOC_INC _IOW(SW_SYNC_IOC_MAGIC, 1, __u32)
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Support for caching the sync uapi version.
+//
+// This library supports both legacy (android/staging) uapi and modern
+// (mainline) sync uapi. Library calls first try one uapi, and if that fails,
+// try the other. Since any given kernel only supports one uapi version, after
+// the first successful syscall we know what the kernel supports and can skip
+// trying the other.
+
+enum uapi_version {
+    UAPI_UNKNOWN,
+    UAPI_MODERN,
+    UAPI_LEGACY
+};
+static atomic_int g_uapi_version = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(UAPI_UNKNOWN);
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
 int sync_wait(int fd, int timeout)
 {
     struct pollfd fds;
@@ -70,9 +128,21 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
-int sync_merge(const char *name, int fd1, int fd2)
+static int legacy_sync_merge(const char *name, int fd1, int fd2)
 {
-    struct sync_legacy_merge_data legacy_data;
+    struct sync_legacy_merge_data data;
+    int ret;
+
+    data.fd2 = fd2;
+    strlcpy(data.name, name, sizeof(data.name));
+    ret = ioctl(fd1, SYNC_IOC_LEGACY_MERGE, &data);
+    if (ret < 0)
+        return ret;
+    return data.fence;
+}
+
+static int modern_sync_merge(const char *name, int fd1, int fd2)
+{
     struct sync_merge_data data;
     int ret;
 
@@ -82,29 +152,42 @@
     data.pad = 0;
 
     ret = ioctl(fd1, SYNC_IOC_MERGE, &data);
-    if (ret < 0 && errno == ENOTTY) {
-        legacy_data.fd2 = fd2;
-        strlcpy(legacy_data.name, name, sizeof(legacy_data.name));
-
-        ret = ioctl(fd1, SYNC_IOC_LEGACY_MERGE, &legacy_data);
-        if (ret < 0)
-            return ret;
-
-        return legacy_data.fence;
-    } else if (ret < 0) {
+    if (ret < 0)
         return ret;
-    }
-
     return data.fence;
 }
 
-struct sync_fence_info_data *sync_fence_info(int fd)
+int sync_merge(const char *name, int fd1, int fd2)
+{
+    int uapi;
+    int ret;
+
+    uapi = atomic_load_explicit(&g_uapi_version, memory_order_acquire);
+
+    if (uapi == UAPI_MODERN || uapi == UAPI_UNKNOWN) {
+        ret = modern_sync_merge(name, fd1, fd2);
+        if (ret >= 0 || errno != ENOTTY) {
+            if (ret >= 0 && uapi == UAPI_UNKNOWN) {
+                atomic_store_explicit(&g_uapi_version, UAPI_MODERN,
+                                      memory_order_release);
+            }
+            return ret;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ret = legacy_sync_merge(name, fd1, fd2);
+    if (ret >= 0 && uapi == UAPI_UNKNOWN) {
+        atomic_store_explicit(&g_uapi_version, UAPI_LEGACY,
+                              memory_order_release);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static struct sync_fence_info_data *legacy_sync_fence_info(int fd)
 {
     struct sync_fence_info_data *legacy_info;
     struct sync_pt_info *legacy_pt_info;
-    struct sync_file_info *info;
-    struct sync_fence_info *fence_info;
-    int err, num_fences, i;
+    int err;
 
     legacy_info = malloc(4096);
     if (legacy_info == NULL)
@@ -112,46 +195,57 @@
 
     legacy_info->len = 4096;
     err = ioctl(fd, SYNC_IOC_LEGACY_FENCE_INFO, legacy_info);
-    if (err < 0 && errno != ENOTTY) {
+    if (err < 0) {
         free(legacy_info);
         return NULL;
-    } else if (err == 0) {
-        return legacy_info;
     }
+    return legacy_info;
+}
 
-    info = calloc(1, sizeof(*info));
-    if (info == NULL)
-        goto free;
+static struct sync_file_info *modern_sync_file_info(int fd)
+{
+    struct sync_file_info local_info;
+    struct sync_file_info *info;
+    int err;
+
+    memset(&local_info, 0, sizeof(local_info));
+    err = ioctl(fd, SYNC_IOC_FILE_INFO, &local_info);
+    if (err < 0)
+        return NULL;
+
+    info = calloc(1, sizeof(struct sync_file_info) +
+                  local_info.num_fences * sizeof(struct sync_fence_info));
+    if (!info)
+        return NULL;
+    info->sync_fence_info = (__u64)(uintptr_t)(info + 1);
 
     err = ioctl(fd, SYNC_IOC_FILE_INFO, info);
-    if (err < 0)
-        goto free;
-
-    num_fences = info->num_fences;
-
-    if (num_fences) {
-        info->flags = 0;
-        info->num_fences = num_fences;
-        info->sync_fence_info = (uint64_t) calloc(num_fences,
-                                        sizeof(struct sync_fence_info));
-        if ((void *)info->sync_fence_info == NULL)
-            goto free;
-
-        err = ioctl(fd, SYNC_IOC_FILE_INFO, info);
-        if (err < 0) {
-            free((void *)info->sync_fence_info);
-            goto free;
-        }
+    if (err < 0) {
+        free(info);
+        return NULL;
     }
 
+    return info;
+}
+
+static struct sync_fence_info_data *sync_file_info_to_legacy_fence_info(
+    const struct sync_file_info *info)
+{
+    struct sync_fence_info_data *legacy_info;
+    struct sync_pt_info *legacy_pt_info;
+    const struct sync_fence_info *fence_info = sync_get_fence_info(info);
+    const uint32_t num_fences = info->num_fences;
+
+    legacy_info = malloc(4096);
+    if (legacy_info == NULL)
+        return NULL;
     legacy_info->len = sizeof(*legacy_info) +
-                        num_fences * sizeof(struct sync_fence_info);
+                        num_fences * sizeof(struct sync_pt_info);
     strlcpy(legacy_info->name, info->name, sizeof(legacy_info->name));
     legacy_info->status = info->status;
 
     legacy_pt_info = (struct sync_pt_info *)legacy_info->pt_info;
-    fence_info = (struct sync_fence_info *)info->sync_fence_info;
-    for (i = 0 ; i < num_fences ; i++) {
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < num_fences; i++) {
         legacy_pt_info[i].len = sizeof(*legacy_pt_info);
         strlcpy(legacy_pt_info[i].obj_name, fence_info[i].obj_name,
                 sizeof(legacy_pt_info->obj_name));
@@ -161,14 +255,108 @@
         legacy_pt_info[i].timestamp_ns = fence_info[i].timestamp_ns;
     }
 
-    free((void *)info->sync_fence_info);
-    free(info);
     return legacy_info;
+}
 
-free:
-    free(legacy_info);
-    free(info);
-    return NULL;
+static struct sync_file_info* legacy_fence_info_to_sync_file_info(
+                                    struct sync_fence_info_data *legacy_info)
+{
+    struct sync_file_info *info;
+    struct sync_pt_info *pt;
+    struct sync_fence_info *fence;
+    size_t num_fences;
+    int err;
+
+    pt = NULL;
+    num_fences = 0;
+    while ((pt = sync_pt_info(legacy_info, pt)) != NULL)
+        num_fences++;
+
+    info = calloc(1, sizeof(struct sync_file_info) +
+                     num_fences * sizeof(struct sync_fence_info));
+    if (!info) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    info->sync_fence_info = (__u64)(uintptr_t)(info + 1);
+
+    strlcpy(info->name, legacy_info->name, sizeof(info->name));
+    info->status = legacy_info->status;
+    info->num_fences = num_fences;
+
+    pt = NULL;
+    fence = sync_get_fence_info(info);
+    while ((pt = sync_pt_info(legacy_info, pt)) != NULL) {
+        strlcpy(fence->obj_name, pt->obj_name, sizeof(fence->obj_name));
+        strlcpy(fence->driver_name, pt->driver_name,
+                sizeof(fence->driver_name));
+        fence->status = pt->status;
+        fence->timestamp_ns = pt->timestamp_ns;
+        fence++;
+    }
+
+    return info;
+}
+
+struct sync_fence_info_data *sync_fence_info(int fd)
+{
+    struct sync_fence_info_data *legacy_info;
+    int uapi;
+
+    uapi = atomic_load_explicit(&g_uapi_version, memory_order_acquire);
+
+    if (uapi == UAPI_LEGACY || uapi == UAPI_UNKNOWN) {
+        legacy_info = legacy_sync_fence_info(fd);
+        if (legacy_info || errno != ENOTTY) {
+            if (legacy_info && uapi == UAPI_UNKNOWN) {
+                atomic_store_explicit(&g_uapi_version, UAPI_LEGACY,
+                                      memory_order_release);
+            }
+            return legacy_info;
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct sync_file_info* file_info;
+    file_info = modern_sync_file_info(fd);
+    if (!file_info)
+        return NULL;
+    if (uapi == UAPI_UNKNOWN) {
+        atomic_store_explicit(&g_uapi_version, UAPI_MODERN,
+                              memory_order_release);
+    }
+    legacy_info = sync_file_info_to_legacy_fence_info(file_info);
+    sync_file_info_free(file_info);
+    return legacy_info;
+}
+
+struct sync_file_info* sync_file_info(int32_t fd)
+{
+    struct sync_file_info *info;
+    int uapi;
+
+    uapi = atomic_load_explicit(&g_uapi_version, memory_order_acquire);
+
+    if (uapi == UAPI_MODERN || uapi == UAPI_UNKNOWN) {
+        info = modern_sync_file_info(fd);
+        if (info || errno != ENOTTY) {
+            if (info && uapi == UAPI_UNKNOWN) {
+                atomic_store_explicit(&g_uapi_version, UAPI_MODERN,
+                                      memory_order_release);
+            }
+            return info;
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct sync_fence_info_data *legacy_info;
+    legacy_info = legacy_sync_fence_info(fd);
+    if (!legacy_info)
+        return NULL;
+    if (uapi == UAPI_UNKNOWN) {
+        atomic_store_explicit(&g_uapi_version, UAPI_LEGACY,
+                              memory_order_release);
+    }
+    info = legacy_fence_info_to_sync_file_info(legacy_info);
+    sync_fence_info_free(legacy_info);
+    return info;
 }
 
 struct sync_pt_info *sync_pt_info(struct sync_fence_info_data *info,
@@ -190,6 +378,11 @@
     free(info);
 }
 
+void sync_file_info_free(struct sync_file_info *info)
+{
+    free(info);
+}
+
 
 int sw_sync_timeline_create(void)
 {
diff --git a/libsync/sync_test.c b/libsync/sync_test.c
index 9a5f7d8..f1ffdcf 100644
--- a/libsync/sync_test.c
+++ b/libsync/sync_test.c
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#include <sync/sync.h>
+#include <android/sync.h>
 #include "sw_sync.h"
 
 pthread_mutex_t printf_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
diff --git a/libsync/tests/sync_test.cpp b/libsync/tests/sync_test.cpp
index 401aaee..f08e97e 100644
--- a/libsync/tests/sync_test.cpp
+++ b/libsync/tests/sync_test.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <sync/sync.h>
+#include <android/sync.h>
 #include <sw_sync.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <vector>
@@ -172,20 +172,20 @@
         return sync_wait(m_fd, timeout);
     }
     vector<SyncPointInfo> getInfo() const {
-        struct sync_pt_info *pointInfo = nullptr;
         vector<SyncPointInfo> fenceInfo;
-        sync_fence_info_data *info = sync_fence_info(getFd());
+        struct sync_file_info *info = sync_file_info(getFd());
         if (!info) {
             return fenceInfo;
         }
-        while ((pointInfo = sync_pt_info(info, pointInfo))) {
+        const auto fences = sync_get_fence_info(info);
+        for (uint32_t i = 0; i < info->num_fences; i++) {
             fenceInfo.push_back(SyncPointInfo{
-                pointInfo->driver_name,
-                pointInfo->obj_name,
-                pointInfo->timestamp_ns,
-                pointInfo->status});
+                fences[i].driver_name,
+                fences[i].obj_name,
+                fences[i].timestamp_ns,
+                fences[i].status});
         }
-        sync_fence_info_free(info);
+        sync_file_info_free(info);
         return fenceInfo;
     }
     int getSize() const {
@@ -212,6 +212,32 @@
     }
 };
 
+static void CheckModernLegacyInfoMatch(const SyncFence& f) {
+    struct sync_file_info* modern = sync_file_info(f.getFd());
+    struct sync_fence_info_data* legacy = sync_fence_info(f.getFd());
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(modern != NULL);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(legacy != NULL);
+
+    EXPECT_STREQ(modern->name, legacy->name);
+    EXPECT_EQ(modern->status, legacy->status);
+
+    uint32_t fenceIdx = 0;
+    struct sync_pt_info* pt = sync_pt_info(legacy, NULL);
+    const struct sync_fence_info* fences = sync_get_fence_info(modern);
+    while (fenceIdx < modern->num_fences && pt != NULL) {
+        EXPECT_STREQ(fences[fenceIdx].obj_name, pt->obj_name);
+        EXPECT_STREQ(fences[fenceIdx].driver_name, pt->driver_name);
+        EXPECT_EQ(fences[fenceIdx].status, pt->status);
+        EXPECT_EQ(fences[fenceIdx].timestamp_ns, pt->timestamp_ns);
+
+        fenceIdx++;
+        pt = sync_pt_info(legacy, pt);
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ(fenceIdx, modern->num_fences);
+    EXPECT_EQ(NULL, pt);
+}
+
 int SyncFence::s_fenceCount = 0;
 
 TEST(AllocTest, Timeline) {
@@ -225,6 +251,7 @@
 
     SyncFence fence(timeline, 1);
     ASSERT_TRUE(fence.isValid());
+    CheckModernLegacyInfoMatch(fence);
 }
 
 TEST(AllocTest, FenceNegative) {
@@ -321,15 +348,21 @@
     timeline.inc(1);
     ASSERT_EQ(a.getSignaledCount(), 1);
     ASSERT_EQ(d.getActiveCount(), 1);
+    CheckModernLegacyInfoMatch(a);
+    CheckModernLegacyInfoMatch(d);
 
     timeline.inc(1);
     ASSERT_EQ(b.getSignaledCount(), 1);
     ASSERT_EQ(d.getActiveCount(), 1);
+    CheckModernLegacyInfoMatch(b);
+    CheckModernLegacyInfoMatch(d);
 
     timeline.inc(1);
     ASSERT_EQ(c.getSignaledCount(), 1);
     ASSERT_EQ(d.getActiveCount(), 0);
     ASSERT_EQ(d.getSignaledCount(), 1);
+    CheckModernLegacyInfoMatch(c);
+    CheckModernLegacyInfoMatch(d);
 }
 
 TEST(FenceTest, MergeSameFence) {
@@ -343,9 +376,11 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(selfMergeFence.isValid());
 
     ASSERT_EQ(selfMergeFence.getSignaledCount(), 0);
+    CheckModernLegacyInfoMatch(selfMergeFence);
 
     timeline.inc(5);
     ASSERT_EQ(selfMergeFence.getSignaledCount(), 1);
+    CheckModernLegacyInfoMatch(selfMergeFence);
 }
 
 TEST(FenceTest, PollOnDestroyedTimeline) {
@@ -397,14 +432,17 @@
     timelineA.inc(5);
     ASSERT_EQ(mergedFence.getActiveCount(), 2);
     ASSERT_EQ(mergedFence.getSignaledCount(), 1);
+    CheckModernLegacyInfoMatch(mergedFence);
 
     timelineB.inc(5);
     ASSERT_EQ(mergedFence.getActiveCount(), 1);
     ASSERT_EQ(mergedFence.getSignaledCount(), 2);
+    CheckModernLegacyInfoMatch(mergedFence);
 
     timelineC.inc(5);
     ASSERT_EQ(mergedFence.getActiveCount(), 0);
     ASSERT_EQ(mergedFence.getSignaledCount(), 3);
+    CheckModernLegacyInfoMatch(mergedFence);
 
     // confirm you can successfully wait.
     ASSERT_EQ(mergedFence.wait(100), 0);
@@ -560,6 +598,7 @@
         // Merge.
         fence = SyncFence(fence, SyncFence(timeline, syncPoint));
         ASSERT_TRUE(fence.isValid());
+        CheckModernLegacyInfoMatch(fence);
     }
 
     // Confirm our map matches the fence.
diff --git a/libsystem/include/system/graphics-base.h b/libsystem/include/system/graphics-base.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a44faf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libsystem/include/system/graphics-base.h
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+// This file is autogenerated by hidl-gen. Do not edit manually.
+// Source: android.hardware.graphics.common@1.0
+// Root: android.hardware:hardware/interfaces
+
+#ifndef HIDL_GENERATED_ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_COMMON_V1_0_EXPORTED_CONSTANTS_H_
+#define HIDL_GENERATED_ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_COMMON_V1_0_EXPORTED_CONSTANTS_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef enum {
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888 = 1,
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBX_8888 = 2,
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_888 = 3,
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_565 = 4,
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BGRA_8888 = 5,
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_1010102 = 43, // 0x2B
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_FP16 = 22, // 0x16
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YV12 = 842094169, // 0x32315659
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_Y8 = 538982489, // 0x20203859
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_Y16 = 540422489, // 0x20363159
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW16 = 32, // 0x20
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW10 = 37, // 0x25
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW12 = 38, // 0x26
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW_OPAQUE = 36, // 0x24
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BLOB = 33, // 0x21
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED = 34, // 0x22
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCBCR_420_888 = 35, // 0x23
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCBCR_422_888 = 39, // 0x27
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCBCR_444_888 = 40, // 0x28
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_FLEX_RGB_888 = 41, // 0x29
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_FLEX_RGBA_8888 = 42, // 0x2A
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCBCR_422_SP = 16, // 0x10
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCRCB_420_SP = 17, // 0x11
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCBCR_422_I = 20, // 0x14
+    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_JPEG = 256, // 0x100
+} android_pixel_format_t;
+
+typedef enum {
+    HAL_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H = 1, // 0x01
+    HAL_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V = 2, // 0x02
+    HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_90 = 4, // 0x04
+    HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_180 = 3, // 0x03
+    HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_270 = 7, // 0x07
+} android_transform_t;
+
+typedef enum {
+    HAL_DATASPACE_UNKNOWN = 0, // 0x0
+    HAL_DATASPACE_ARBITRARY = 1, // 0x1
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_SHIFT = 16,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_MASK = 4128768, // (63 << STANDARD_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_UNSPECIFIED = 0, // (0 << STANDARD_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT709 = 65536, // (1 << STANDARD_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625 = 131072, // (2 << STANDARD_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625_UNADJUSTED = 196608, // (3 << STANDARD_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_525 = 262144, // (4 << STANDARD_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_525_UNADJUSTED = 327680, // (5 << STANDARD_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT2020 = 393216, // (6 << STANDARD_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT2020_CONSTANT_LUMINANCE = 458752, // (7 << STANDARD_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT470M = 524288, // (8 << STANDARD_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_FILM = 589824, // (9 << STANDARD_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_DCI_P3 = 655360, // (10 << STANDARD_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_ADOBE_RGB = 720896, // (11 << STANDARD_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SHIFT = 22,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK = 130023424, // (31 << TRANSFER_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_UNSPECIFIED = 0, // (0 << TRANSFER_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_LINEAR = 4194304, // (1 << TRANSFER_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SRGB = 8388608, // (2 << TRANSFER_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M = 12582912, // (3 << TRANSFER_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_2 = 16777216, // (4 << TRANSFER_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_6 = 20971520, // (5 << TRANSFER_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_8 = 25165824, // (6 << TRANSFER_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084 = 29360128, // (7 << TRANSFER_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG = 33554432, // (8 << TRANSFER_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_SHIFT = 27,
+    HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_MASK = 939524096, // (7 << RANGE_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_UNSPECIFIED = 0, // (0 << RANGE_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_FULL = 134217728, // (1 << RANGE_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_LIMITED = 268435456, // (2 << RANGE_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_EXTENDED = 402653184, // (3 << RANGE_SHIFT)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_SRGB_LINEAR = 512, // 0x200
+    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_SRGB_LINEAR = 138477568, // ((STANDARD_BT709 | TRANSFER_LINEAR) | RANGE_FULL)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_SCRGB_LINEAR = 406913024, // ((STANDARD_BT709 | TRANSFER_LINEAR) | RANGE_EXTENDED)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_SRGB = 513, // 0x201
+    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_SRGB = 142671872, // ((STANDARD_BT709 | TRANSFER_SRGB) | RANGE_FULL)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_SCRGB = 411107328, // ((STANDARD_BT709 | TRANSFER_SRGB) | RANGE_EXTENDED)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_JFIF = 257, // 0x101
+    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_JFIF = 146931712, // ((STANDARD_BT601_625 | TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M) | RANGE_FULL)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_BT601_625 = 258, // 0x102
+    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_BT601_625 = 281149440, // ((STANDARD_BT601_625 | TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M) | RANGE_LIMITED)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_BT601_525 = 259, // 0x103
+    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_BT601_525 = 281280512, // ((STANDARD_BT601_525 | TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M) | RANGE_LIMITED)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_BT709 = 260, // 0x104
+    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_BT709 = 281083904, // ((STANDARD_BT709 | TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M) | RANGE_LIMITED)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_DCI_P3_LINEAR = 139067392, // ((STANDARD_DCI_P3 | TRANSFER_LINEAR) | RANGE_FULL)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_DCI_P3 = 155844608, // ((STANDARD_DCI_P3 | TRANSFER_GAMMA2_6) | RANGE_FULL)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_DISPLAY_P3_LINEAR = 139067392, // ((STANDARD_DCI_P3 | TRANSFER_LINEAR) | RANGE_FULL)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_DISPLAY_P3 = 143261696, // ((STANDARD_DCI_P3 | TRANSFER_SRGB) | RANGE_FULL)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_ADOBE_RGB = 151715840, // ((STANDARD_ADOBE_RGB | TRANSFER_GAMMA2_2) | RANGE_FULL)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_BT2020_LINEAR = 138805248, // ((STANDARD_BT2020 | TRANSFER_LINEAR) | RANGE_FULL)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_BT2020 = 147193856, // ((STANDARD_BT2020 | TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M) | RANGE_FULL)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_BT2020_PQ = 163971072, // ((STANDARD_BT2020 | TRANSFER_ST2084) | RANGE_FULL)
+    HAL_DATASPACE_DEPTH = 4096, // 0x1000
+    HAL_DATASPACE_SENSOR = 4097, // 0x1001
+} android_dataspace_t;
+
+typedef enum {
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_NATIVE = 0,
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_STANDARD_BT601_625 = 1,
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_STANDARD_BT601_625_UNADJUSTED = 2,
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_STANDARD_BT601_525 = 3,
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_STANDARD_BT601_525_UNADJUSTED = 4,
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_STANDARD_BT709 = 5,
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_DCI_P3 = 6,
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_SRGB = 7,
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_ADOBE_RGB = 8,
+    HAL_COLOR_MODE_DISPLAY_P3 = 9,
+} android_color_mode_t;
+
+typedef enum {
+    HAL_COLOR_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY = 0,
+    HAL_COLOR_TRANSFORM_ARBITRARY_MATRIX = 1,
+    HAL_COLOR_TRANSFORM_VALUE_INVERSE = 2,
+    HAL_COLOR_TRANSFORM_GRAYSCALE = 3,
+    HAL_COLOR_TRANSFORM_CORRECT_PROTANOPIA = 4,
+    HAL_COLOR_TRANSFORM_CORRECT_DEUTERANOPIA = 5,
+    HAL_COLOR_TRANSFORM_CORRECT_TRITANOPIA = 6,
+} android_color_transform_t;
+
+typedef enum {
+    HAL_HDR_DOLBY_VISION = 1,
+    HAL_HDR_HDR10 = 2,
+    HAL_HDR_HLG = 3,
+} android_hdr_t;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif  // HIDL_GENERATED_ANDROID_HARDWARE_GRAPHICS_COMMON_V1_0_EXPORTED_CONSTANTS_H_
diff --git a/libsystem/include/system/graphics.h b/libsystem/include/system/graphics.h
index ae10fa0..1a99187 100644
--- a/libsystem/include/system/graphics.h
+++ b/libsystem/include/system/graphics.h
@@ -20,10 +20,30 @@
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+/*
+ * Some of the enums are now defined in HIDL in hardware/interfaces and are
+ * generated.
+ */
+#include "graphics-base.h"
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
+/* for compatibility */
+#define HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888 HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCBCR_420_888
+#define HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_422_888 HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCBCR_422_888
+#define HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_444_888 HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCBCR_444_888
+#define HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_422_SP HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCBCR_422_SP
+#define HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCrCb_420_SP HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCRCB_420_SP
+#define HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_422_I HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCBCR_422_I
+typedef android_pixel_format_t android_pixel_format;
+typedef android_transform_t android_transform;
+typedef android_dataspace_t android_dataspace;
+typedef android_color_mode_t android_color_mode;
+typedef android_color_transform_t android_color_transform;
+typedef android_hdr_t android_hdr;
+
 /*
  * If the HAL needs to create service threads to handle graphics related
  * tasks, these threads need to run at HAL_PRIORITY_URGENT_DISPLAY priority
@@ -38,411 +58,6 @@
 
 #define HAL_PRIORITY_URGENT_DISPLAY     (-8)
 
-/**
- * pixel format definitions
- */
-
-typedef enum android_pixel_format {
-    /*
-     * "linear" color pixel formats:
-     *
-     * When used with ANativeWindow, the dataSpace field describes the color
-     * space of the buffer.
-     *
-     * The color space determines, for example, if the formats are linear or
-     * gamma-corrected; or whether any special operations are performed when
-     * reading or writing into a buffer in one of these formats.
-     */
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888          = 1,
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBX_8888          = 2,
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_888            = 3,
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RGB_565            = 4,
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BGRA_8888          = 5,
-
-    /*
-     * 0x100 - 0x1FF
-     *
-     * This range is reserved for pixel formats that are specific to the HAL
-     * implementation.  Implementations can use any value in this range to
-     * communicate video pixel formats between their HAL modules.  These formats
-     * must not have an alpha channel.  Additionally, an EGLimage created from a
-     * gralloc buffer of one of these formats must be supported for use with the
-     * GL_OES_EGL_image_external OpenGL ES extension.
-     */
-
-    /*
-     * Android YUV format:
-     *
-     * This format is exposed outside of the HAL to software decoders and
-     * applications.  EGLImageKHR must support it in conjunction with the
-     * OES_EGL_image_external extension.
-     *
-     * YV12 is a 4:2:0 YCrCb planar format comprised of a WxH Y plane followed
-     * by (W/2) x (H/2) Cr and Cb planes.
-     *
-     * This format assumes
-     * - an even width
-     * - an even height
-     * - a horizontal stride multiple of 16 pixels
-     * - a vertical stride equal to the height
-     *
-     *   y_size = stride * height
-     *   c_stride = ALIGN(stride/2, 16)
-     *   c_size = c_stride * height/2
-     *   size = y_size + c_size * 2
-     *   cr_offset = y_size
-     *   cb_offset = y_size + c_size
-     *
-     * When used with ANativeWindow, the dataSpace field describes the color
-     * space of the buffer.
-     */
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YV12   = 0x32315659, // YCrCb 4:2:0 Planar
-
-
-    /*
-     * Android Y8 format:
-     *
-     * This format is exposed outside of the HAL to the framework.
-     * The expected gralloc usage flags are SW_* and HW_CAMERA_*,
-     * and no other HW_ flags will be used.
-     *
-     * Y8 is a YUV planar format comprised of a WxH Y plane,
-     * with each pixel being represented by 8 bits.
-     *
-     * It is equivalent to just the Y plane from YV12.
-     *
-     * This format assumes
-     * - an even width
-     * - an even height
-     * - a horizontal stride multiple of 16 pixels
-     * - a vertical stride equal to the height
-     *
-     *   size = stride * height
-     *
-     * When used with ANativeWindow, the dataSpace field describes the color
-     * space of the buffer.
-     */
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_Y8     = 0x20203859,
-
-    /*
-     * Android Y16 format:
-     *
-     * This format is exposed outside of the HAL to the framework.
-     * The expected gralloc usage flags are SW_* and HW_CAMERA_*,
-     * and no other HW_ flags will be used.
-     *
-     * Y16 is a YUV planar format comprised of a WxH Y plane,
-     * with each pixel being represented by 16 bits.
-     *
-     * It is just like Y8, but has double the bits per pixel (little endian).
-     *
-     * This format assumes
-     * - an even width
-     * - an even height
-     * - a horizontal stride multiple of 16 pixels
-     * - a vertical stride equal to the height
-     * - strides are specified in pixels, not in bytes
-     *
-     *   size = stride * height * 2
-     *
-     * When used with ANativeWindow, the dataSpace field describes the color
-     * space of the buffer, except that dataSpace field
-     * HAL_DATASPACE_DEPTH indicates that this buffer contains a depth
-     * image where each sample is a distance value measured by a depth camera,
-     * plus an associated confidence value.
-     */
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_Y16    = 0x20363159,
-
-    /*
-     * Android RAW sensor format:
-     *
-     * This format is exposed outside of the camera HAL to applications.
-     *
-     * RAW16 is a single-channel, 16-bit, little endian format, typically
-     * representing raw Bayer-pattern images from an image sensor, with minimal
-     * processing.
-     *
-     * The exact pixel layout of the data in the buffer is sensor-dependent, and
-     * needs to be queried from the camera device.
-     *
-     * Generally, not all 16 bits are used; more common values are 10 or 12
-     * bits. If not all bits are used, the lower-order bits are filled first.
-     * All parameters to interpret the raw data (black and white points,
-     * color space, etc) must be queried from the camera device.
-     *
-     * This format assumes
-     * - an even width
-     * - an even height
-     * - a horizontal stride multiple of 16 pixels
-     * - a vertical stride equal to the height
-     * - strides are specified in pixels, not in bytes
-     *
-     *   size = stride * height * 2
-     *
-     * This format must be accepted by the gralloc module when used with the
-     * following usage flags:
-     *    - GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_CAMERA_*
-     *    - GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_*
-     *    - GRALLOC_USAGE_RENDERSCRIPT
-     *
-     * When used with ANativeWindow, the dataSpace should be
-     * HAL_DATASPACE_ARBITRARY, as raw image sensor buffers require substantial
-     * extra metadata to define.
-     */
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW16 = 0x20,
-
-    /*
-     * Android RAW10 format:
-     *
-     * This format is exposed outside of the camera HAL to applications.
-     *
-     * RAW10 is a single-channel, 10-bit per pixel, densely packed in each row,
-     * unprocessed format, usually representing raw Bayer-pattern images coming from
-     * an image sensor.
-     *
-     * In an image buffer with this format, starting from the first pixel of each
-     * row, each 4 consecutive pixels are packed into 5 bytes (40 bits). Each one
-     * of the first 4 bytes contains the top 8 bits of each pixel, The fifth byte
-     * contains the 2 least significant bits of the 4 pixels, the exact layout data
-     * for each 4 consecutive pixels is illustrated below (Pi[j] stands for the jth
-     * bit of the ith pixel):
-     *
-     *          bit 7                                     bit 0
-     *          =====|=====|=====|=====|=====|=====|=====|=====|
-     * Byte 0: |P0[9]|P0[8]|P0[7]|P0[6]|P0[5]|P0[4]|P0[3]|P0[2]|
-     *         |-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
-     * Byte 1: |P1[9]|P1[8]|P1[7]|P1[6]|P1[5]|P1[4]|P1[3]|P1[2]|
-     *         |-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
-     * Byte 2: |P2[9]|P2[8]|P2[7]|P2[6]|P2[5]|P2[4]|P2[3]|P2[2]|
-     *         |-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
-     * Byte 3: |P3[9]|P3[8]|P3[7]|P3[6]|P3[5]|P3[4]|P3[3]|P3[2]|
-     *         |-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|-----|
-     * Byte 4: |P3[1]|P3[0]|P2[1]|P2[0]|P1[1]|P1[0]|P0[1]|P0[0]|
-     *          ===============================================
-     *
-     * This format assumes
-     * - a width multiple of 4 pixels
-     * - an even height
-     * - a vertical stride equal to the height
-     * - strides are specified in bytes, not in pixels
-     *
-     *   size = stride * height
-     *
-     * When stride is equal to width * (10 / 8), there will be no padding bytes at
-     * the end of each row, the entire image data is densely packed. When stride is
-     * larger than width * (10 / 8), padding bytes will be present at the end of each
-     * row (including the last row).
-     *
-     * This format must be accepted by the gralloc module when used with the
-     * following usage flags:
-     *    - GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_CAMERA_*
-     *    - GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_*
-     *    - GRALLOC_USAGE_RENDERSCRIPT
-     *
-     * When used with ANativeWindow, the dataSpace field should be
-     * HAL_DATASPACE_ARBITRARY, as raw image sensor buffers require substantial
-     * extra metadata to define.
-     */
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW10 = 0x25,
-
-    /*
-     * Android RAW12 format:
-     *
-     * This format is exposed outside of camera HAL to applications.
-     *
-     * RAW12 is a single-channel, 12-bit per pixel, densely packed in each row,
-     * unprocessed format, usually representing raw Bayer-pattern images coming from
-     * an image sensor.
-     *
-     * In an image buffer with this format, starting from the first pixel of each
-     * row, each two consecutive pixels are packed into 3 bytes (24 bits). The first
-     * and second byte contains the top 8 bits of first and second pixel. The third
-     * byte contains the 4 least significant bits of the two pixels, the exact layout
-     * data for each two consecutive pixels is illustrated below (Pi[j] stands for
-     * the jth bit of the ith pixel):
-     *
-     *           bit 7                                            bit 0
-     *          ======|======|======|======|======|======|======|======|
-     * Byte 0: |P0[11]|P0[10]|P0[ 9]|P0[ 8]|P0[ 7]|P0[ 6]|P0[ 5]|P0[ 4]|
-     *         |------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|
-     * Byte 1: |P1[11]|P1[10]|P1[ 9]|P1[ 8]|P1[ 7]|P1[ 6]|P1[ 5]|P1[ 4]|
-     *         |------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|
-     * Byte 2: |P1[ 3]|P1[ 2]|P1[ 1]|P1[ 0]|P0[ 3]|P0[ 2]|P0[ 1]|P0[ 0]|
-     *          =======================================================
-     *
-     * This format assumes:
-     * - a width multiple of 4 pixels
-     * - an even height
-     * - a vertical stride equal to the height
-     * - strides are specified in bytes, not in pixels
-     *
-     *   size = stride * height
-     *
-     * When stride is equal to width * (12 / 8), there will be no padding bytes at
-     * the end of each row, the entire image data is densely packed. When stride is
-     * larger than width * (12 / 8), padding bytes will be present at the end of
-     * each row (including the last row).
-     *
-     * This format must be accepted by the gralloc module when used with the
-     * following usage flags:
-     *    - GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_CAMERA_*
-     *    - GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_*
-     *    - GRALLOC_USAGE_RENDERSCRIPT
-     *
-     * When used with ANativeWindow, the dataSpace field should be
-     * HAL_DATASPACE_ARBITRARY, as raw image sensor buffers require substantial
-     * extra metadata to define.
-     */
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW12 = 0x26,
-
-    /*
-     * Android opaque RAW format:
-     *
-     * This format is exposed outside of the camera HAL to applications.
-     *
-     * RAW_OPAQUE is a format for unprocessed raw image buffers coming from an
-     * image sensor. The actual structure of buffers of this format is
-     * implementation-dependent.
-     *
-     * This format must be accepted by the gralloc module when used with the
-     * following usage flags:
-     *    - GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_CAMERA_*
-     *    - GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_*
-     *    - GRALLOC_USAGE_RENDERSCRIPT
-     *
-     * When used with ANativeWindow, the dataSpace field should be
-     * HAL_DATASPACE_ARBITRARY, as raw image sensor buffers require substantial
-     * extra metadata to define.
-     */
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_RAW_OPAQUE = 0x24,
-
-    /*
-     * Android binary blob graphics buffer format:
-     *
-     * This format is used to carry task-specific data which does not have a
-     * standard image structure. The details of the format are left to the two
-     * endpoints.
-     *
-     * A typical use case is for transporting JPEG-compressed images from the
-     * Camera HAL to the framework or to applications.
-     *
-     * Buffers of this format must have a height of 1, and width equal to their
-     * size in bytes.
-     *
-     * When used with ANativeWindow, the mapping of the dataSpace field to
-     * buffer contents for BLOB is as follows:
-     *
-     *  dataSpace value               | Buffer contents
-     * -------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
-     *  HAL_DATASPACE_JFIF            | An encoded JPEG image
-     *  HAL_DATASPACE_DEPTH           | An android_depth_points buffer
-     *  Other                         | Unsupported
-     *
-     */
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BLOB = 0x21,
-
-    /*
-     * Android format indicating that the choice of format is entirely up to the
-     * device-specific Gralloc implementation.
-     *
-     * The Gralloc implementation should examine the usage bits passed in when
-     * allocating a buffer with this format, and it should derive the pixel
-     * format from those usage flags.  This format will never be used with any
-     * of the GRALLOC_USAGE_SW_* usage flags.
-     *
-     * If a buffer of this format is to be used as an OpenGL ES texture, the
-     * framework will assume that sampling the texture will always return an
-     * alpha value of 1.0 (i.e. the buffer contains only opaque pixel values).
-     *
-     * When used with ANativeWindow, the dataSpace field describes the color
-     * space of the buffer.
-     */
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_IMPLEMENTATION_DEFINED = 0x22,
-
-    /*
-     * Android flexible YCbCr 4:2:0 formats
-     *
-     * This format allows platforms to use an efficient YCbCr/YCrCb 4:2:0
-     * buffer layout, while still describing the general format in a
-     * layout-independent manner.  While called YCbCr, it can be
-     * used to describe formats with either chromatic ordering, as well as
-     * whole planar or semiplanar layouts.
-     *
-     * struct android_ycbcr (below) is the the struct used to describe it.
-     *
-     * This format must be accepted by the gralloc module when
-     * USAGE_SW_WRITE_* or USAGE_SW_READ_* are set.
-     *
-     * This format is locked for use by gralloc's (*lock_ycbcr) method, and
-     * locking with the (*lock) method will return an error.
-     *
-     * When used with ANativeWindow, the dataSpace field describes the color
-     * space of the buffer.
-     */
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_420_888 = 0x23,
-
-    /*
-     * Android flexible YCbCr 4:2:2 formats
-     *
-     * This format allows platforms to use an efficient YCbCr/YCrCb 4:2:2
-     * buffer layout, while still describing the general format in a
-     * layout-independent manner.  While called YCbCr, it can be
-     * used to describe formats with either chromatic ordering, as well as
-     * whole planar or semiplanar layouts.
-     *
-     * This format is currently only used by SW readable buffers
-     * produced by MediaCodecs, so the gralloc module can ignore this format.
-     */
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_422_888 = 0x27,
-
-    /*
-     * Android flexible YCbCr 4:4:4 formats
-     *
-     * This format allows platforms to use an efficient YCbCr/YCrCb 4:4:4
-     * buffer layout, while still describing the general format in a
-     * layout-independent manner.  While called YCbCr, it can be
-     * used to describe formats with either chromatic ordering, as well as
-     * whole planar or semiplanar layouts.
-     *
-     * This format is currently only used by SW readable buffers
-     * produced by MediaCodecs, so the gralloc module can ignore this format.
-     */
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_444_888 = 0x28,
-
-    /*
-     * Android flexible RGB 888 formats
-     *
-     * This format allows platforms to use an efficient RGB/BGR/RGBX/BGRX
-     * buffer layout, while still describing the general format in a
-     * layout-independent manner.  While called RGB, it can be
-     * used to describe formats with either color ordering and optional
-     * padding, as well as whole planar layout.
-     *
-     * This format is currently only used by SW readable buffers
-     * produced by MediaCodecs, so the gralloc module can ignore this format.
-     */
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_FLEX_RGB_888 = 0x29,
-
-    /*
-     * Android flexible RGBA 8888 formats
-     *
-     * This format allows platforms to use an efficient RGBA/BGRA/ARGB/ABGR
-     * buffer layout, while still describing the general format in a
-     * layout-independent manner.  While called RGBA, it can be
-     * used to describe formats with any of the component orderings, as
-     * well as whole planar layout.
-     *
-     * This format is currently only used by SW readable buffers
-     * produced by MediaCodecs, so the gralloc module can ignore this format.
-     */
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_FLEX_RGBA_8888 = 0x2A,
-
-    /* Legacy formats (deprecated), used by ImageFormat.java */
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_422_SP       = 0x10, // NV16
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCrCb_420_SP       = 0x11, // NV21
-    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_422_I        = 0x14, // YUY2
-} android_pixel_format_t;
-
 /*
  * Structure for describing YCbCr formats for consumption by applications.
  * This is used with HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_YCbCr_*_888.
@@ -623,795 +238,24 @@
 };
 
 /**
- * Transformation definitions
- *
- * IMPORTANT NOTE:
- * HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_90 is applied CLOCKWISE and AFTER HAL_TRANSFORM_FLIP_{H|V}.
- *
- */
+  * These structures are used to define the reference display's
+  * capabilities for HDR content. Display engine can use this
+  * to better tone map content to user's display.
+  * Color is defined in CIE XYZ coordinates
+  */
+struct android_xy_color {
+    float x;
+    float y;
+};
 
-typedef enum android_transform {
-    /* flip source image horizontally (around the vertical axis) */
-    HAL_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H    = 0x01,
-    /* flip source image vertically (around the horizontal axis)*/
-    HAL_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V    = 0x02,
-    /* rotate source image 90 degrees clockwise */
-    HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_90    = 0x04,
-    /* rotate source image 180 degrees */
-    HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_180   = 0x03,
-    /* rotate source image 270 degrees clockwise */
-    HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_270   = 0x07,
-    /* don't use. see system/window.h */
-    HAL_TRANSFORM_RESERVED  = 0x08,
-} android_transform_t;
-
-/**
- * Dataspace Definitions
- * ======================
- *
- * Dataspace is the definition of how pixel values should be interpreted.
- *
- * For many formats, this is the colorspace of the image data, which includes
- * primaries (including white point) and the transfer characteristic function,
- * which describes both gamma curve and numeric range (within the bit depth).
- *
- * Other dataspaces include depth measurement data from a depth camera.
- *
- * A dataspace is comprised of a number of fields.
- *
- * Version
- * --------
- * The top 2 bits represent the revision of the field specification. This is
- * currently always 0.
- *
- *
- * bits    31-30 29                      -                          0
- *        +-----+----------------------------------------------------+
- * fields | Rev |            Revision specific fields                |
- *        +-----+----------------------------------------------------+
- *
- * Field layout for version = 0:
- * ----------------------------
- *
- * A dataspace is comprised of the following fields:
- *      Standard
- *      Transfer function
- *      Range
- *
- * bits    31-30 29-27 26 -  22 21 -  16 15             -           0
- *        +-----+-----+--------+--------+----------------------------+
- * fields |  0  |Range|Transfer|Standard|    Legacy and custom       |
- *        +-----+-----+--------+--------+----------------------------+
- *          VV    RRR   TTTTT    SSSSSS    LLLLLLLL       LLLLLLLL
- *
- * If range, transfer and standard fields are all 0 (e.g. top 16 bits are
- * all zeroes), the bottom 16 bits contain either a legacy dataspace value,
- * or a custom value.
- */
-
-typedef enum android_dataspace {
-    /*
-     * Default-assumption data space, when not explicitly specified.
-     *
-     * It is safest to assume the buffer is an image with sRGB primaries and
-     * encoding ranges, but the consumer and/or the producer of the data may
-     * simply be using defaults. No automatic gamma transform should be
-     * expected, except for a possible display gamma transform when drawn to a
-     * screen.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_UNKNOWN = 0x0,
-
-    /*
-     * Arbitrary dataspace with manually defined characteristics.  Definition
-     * for colorspaces or other meaning must be communicated separately.
-     *
-     * This is used when specifying primaries, transfer characteristics,
-     * etc. separately.
-     *
-     * A typical use case is in video encoding parameters (e.g. for H.264),
-     * where a colorspace can have separately defined primaries, transfer
-     * characteristics, etc.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_ARBITRARY = 0x1,
-
-    /*
-     * Color-description aspects
-     *
-     * The following aspects define various characteristics of the color
-     * specification. These represent bitfields, so that a data space value
-     * can specify each of them independently.
-     */
-
-    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_SHIFT = 16,
-
-    /*
-     * Standard aspect
-     *
-     * Defines the chromaticity coordinates of the source primaries in terms of
-     * the CIE 1931 definition of x and y specified in ISO 11664-1.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_MASK = 63 << HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_SHIFT,  // 0x3F
-
-    /*
-     * Chromacity coordinates are unknown or are determined by the application.
-     * Implementations shall use the following suggested standards:
-     *
-     * All YCbCr formats: BT709 if size is 720p or larger (since most video
-     *                    content is letterboxed this corresponds to width is
-     *                    1280 or greater, or height is 720 or greater).
-     *                    BT601_625 if size is smaller than 720p or is JPEG.
-     * All RGB formats:   BT709.
-     *
-     * For all other formats standard is undefined, and implementations should use
-     * an appropriate standard for the data represented.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_UNSPECIFIED = 0 << HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * Primaries:       x       y
-     *  green           0.300   0.600
-     *  blue            0.150   0.060
-     *  red             0.640   0.330
-     *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
-     *
-     * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.2126, KB = 0.0722 luminance interpretation
-     * for RGB conversion.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT709 = 1 << HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * Primaries:       x       y
-     *  green           0.290   0.600
-     *  blue            0.150   0.060
-     *  red             0.640   0.330
-     *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
-     *
-     *  KR = 0.299, KB = 0.114. This adjusts the luminance interpretation
-     *  for RGB conversion from the one purely determined by the primaries
-     *  to minimize the color shift into RGB space that uses BT.709
-     *  primaries.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625 = 2 << HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * Primaries:       x       y
-     *  green           0.290   0.600
-     *  blue            0.150   0.060
-     *  red             0.640   0.330
-     *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
-     *
-     * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.222, KB = 0.071 luminance interpretation
-     * for RGB conversion.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625_UNADJUSTED = 3 << HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * Primaries:       x       y
-     *  green           0.310   0.595
-     *  blue            0.155   0.070
-     *  red             0.630   0.340
-     *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
-     *
-     *  KR = 0.299, KB = 0.114. This adjusts the luminance interpretation
-     *  for RGB conversion from the one purely determined by the primaries
-     *  to minimize the color shift into RGB space that uses BT.709
-     *  primaries.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_525 = 4 << HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * Primaries:       x       y
-     *  green           0.310   0.595
-     *  blue            0.155   0.070
-     *  red             0.630   0.340
-     *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
-     *
-     * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.212, KB = 0.087 luminance interpretation
-     * for RGB conversion (as in SMPTE 240M).
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_525_UNADJUSTED = 5 << HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * Primaries:       x       y
-     *  green           0.170   0.797
-     *  blue            0.131   0.046
-     *  red             0.708   0.292
-     *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
-     *
-     * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.2627, KB = 0.0593 luminance interpretation
-     * for RGB conversion.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT2020 = 6 << HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * Primaries:       x       y
-     *  green           0.170   0.797
-     *  blue            0.131   0.046
-     *  red             0.708   0.292
-     *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
-     *
-     * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.2627, KB = 0.0593 luminance interpretation
-     * for RGB conversion using the linear domain.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT2020_CONSTANT_LUMINANCE = 7 << HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * Primaries:       x      y
-     *  green           0.21   0.71
-     *  blue            0.14   0.08
-     *  red             0.67   0.33
-     *  white (C)       0.310  0.316
-     *
-     * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.30, KB = 0.11 luminance interpretation
-     * for RGB conversion.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT470M = 8 << HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * Primaries:       x       y
-     *  green           0.243   0.692
-     *  blue            0.145   0.049
-     *  red             0.681   0.319
-     *  white (C)       0.310   0.316
-     *
-     * Use the unadjusted KR = 0.254, KB = 0.068 luminance interpretation
-     * for RGB conversion.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_FILM = 9 << HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_SHIFT,
-
-    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SHIFT = 22,
-
-    /*
-     * Transfer aspect
-     *
-     * Transfer characteristics are the opto-electronic transfer characteristic
-     * at the source as a function of linear optical intensity (luminance).
-     *
-     * For digital signals, E corresponds to the recorded value. Normally, the
-     * transfer function is applied in RGB space to each of the R, G and B
-     * components independently. This may result in color shift that can be
-     * minized by applying the transfer function in Lab space only for the L
-     * component. Implementation may apply the transfer function in RGB space
-     * for all pixel formats if desired.
-     */
-
-    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_MASK = 31 << HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SHIFT,  // 0x1F
-
-    /*
-     * Transfer characteristics are unknown or are determined by the
-     * application.
-     *
-     * Implementations should use the following transfer functions:
-     *
-     * For YCbCr formats: use HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M
-     * For RGB formats: use HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SRGB
-     *
-     * For all other formats transfer function is undefined, and implementations
-     * should use an appropriate standard for the data represented.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_UNSPECIFIED = 0 << HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * Transfer characteristic curve:
-     *  E = L
-     *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for conventional colorimetry
-     *      E - corresponding electrical signal
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_LINEAR = 1 << HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * Transfer characteristic curve:
-     *
-     * E = 1.055 * L^(1/2.4) - 0.055  for 0.0031308 <= L <= 1
-     *   = 12.92 * L                  for 0 <= L < 0.0031308
-     *     L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for conventional colorimetry
-     *     E - corresponding electrical signal
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SRGB = 2 << HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * BT.601 525, BT.601 625, BT.709, BT.2020
-     *
-     * Transfer characteristic curve:
-     *  E = 1.099 * L ^ 0.45 - 0.099  for 0.018 <= L <= 1
-     *    = 4.500 * L                 for 0 <= L < 0.018
-     *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for conventional colorimetry
-     *      E - corresponding electrical signal
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M = 3 << HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * Assumed display gamma 2.2.
-     *
-     * Transfer characteristic curve:
-     *  E = L ^ (1/2.2)
-     *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for conventional colorimetry
-     *      E - corresponding electrical signal
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_2 = 4 << HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     *  display gamma 2.8.
-     *
-     * Transfer characteristic curve:
-     *  E = L ^ (1/2.8)
-     *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for conventional colorimetry
-     *      E - corresponding electrical signal
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_GAMMA2_8 = 5 << HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * SMPTE ST 2084
-     *
-     * Transfer characteristic curve:
-     *  E = ((c1 + c2 * L^n) / (1 + c3 * L^n)) ^ m
-     *  c1 = c3 - c2 + 1 = 3424 / 4096 = 0.8359375
-     *  c2 = 32 * 2413 / 4096 = 18.8515625
-     *  c3 = 32 * 2392 / 4096 = 18.6875
-     *  m = 128 * 2523 / 4096 = 78.84375
-     *  n = 0.25 * 2610 / 4096 = 0.1593017578125
-     *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L <= 1 for HDR colorimetry.
-     *          L = 1 corresponds to 10000 cd/m2
-     *      E - corresponding electrical signal
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_ST2084 = 6 << HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * ARIB STD-B67 Hybrid Log Gamma
-     *
-     * Transfer characteristic curve:
-     *  E = r * L^0.5                 for 0 <= L <= 1
-     *    = a * ln(L - b) + c         for 1 < L
-     *  a = 0.17883277
-     *  b = 0.28466892
-     *  c = 0.55991073
-     *  r = 0.5
-     *      L - luminance of image 0 <= L for HDR colorimetry. L = 1 corresponds
-     *          to reference white level of 100 cd/m2
-     *      E - corresponding electrical signal
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_HLG = 7 << HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SHIFT,
-
-    HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_SHIFT = 27,
-
-    /*
-     * Range aspect
-     *
-     * Defines the range of values corresponding to the unit range of 0-1.
-     * This is defined for YCbCr only, but can be expanded to RGB space.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_MASK = 7 << HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_SHIFT,  // 0x7
-
-    /*
-     * Range is unknown or are determined by the application.  Implementations
-     * shall use the following suggested ranges:
-     *
-     * All YCbCr formats: limited range.
-     * All RGB or RGBA formats (including RAW and Bayer): full range.
-     * All Y formats: full range
-     *
-     * For all other formats range is undefined, and implementations should use
-     * an appropriate range for the data represented.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_UNSPECIFIED = 0 << HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * Full range uses all values for Y, Cb and Cr from
-     * 0 to 2^b-1, where b is the bit depth of the color format.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_FULL = 1 << HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * Limited range uses values 16/256*2^b to 235/256*2^b for Y, and
-     * 1/16*2^b to 15/16*2^b for Cb, Cr, R, G and B, where b is the bit depth of
-     * the color format.
-     *
-     * E.g. For 8-bit-depth formats:
-     * Luma (Y) samples should range from 16 to 235, inclusive
-     * Chroma (Cb, Cr) samples should range from 16 to 240, inclusive
-     *
-     * For 10-bit-depth formats:
-     * Luma (Y) samples should range from 64 to 940, inclusive
-     * Chroma (Cb, Cr) samples should range from 64 to 960, inclusive
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_LIMITED = 2 << HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_SHIFT,
-
-    /*
-     * Legacy dataspaces
-     */
-
-    /*
-     * sRGB linear encoding:
-     *
-     * The red, green, and blue components are stored in sRGB space, but
-     * are linear, not gamma-encoded.
-     * The RGB primaries and the white point are the same as BT.709.
-     *
-     * The values are encoded using the full range ([0,255] for 8-bit) for all
-     * components.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_SRGB_LINEAR = 0x200, // deprecated, use HAL_DATASPACE_V0_SRGB_LINEAR
-
-    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_SRGB_LINEAR = HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT709 |
-            HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_LINEAR | HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_FULL,
-
-
-    /*
-     * sRGB gamma encoding:
-     *
-     * The red, green and blue components are stored in sRGB space, and
-     * converted to linear space when read, using the SRGB transfer function
-     * for each of the R, G and B components. When written, the inverse
-     * transformation is performed.
-     *
-     * The alpha component, if present, is always stored in linear space and
-     * is left unmodified when read or written.
-     *
-     * Use full range and BT.709 standard.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_SRGB = 0x201, // deprecated, use HAL_DATASPACE_V0_SRGB
-
-    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_SRGB = HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT709 |
-            HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SRGB | HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_FULL,
-
-
-    /*
-     * YCbCr Colorspaces
-     * -----------------
-     *
-     * Primaries are given using (x,y) coordinates in the CIE 1931 definition
-     * of x and y specified by ISO 11664-1.
-     *
-     * Transfer characteristics are the opto-electronic transfer characteristic
-     * at the source as a function of linear optical intensity (luminance).
-     */
-
-    /*
-     * JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF)
-     *
-     * Same model as BT.601-625, but all values (Y, Cb, Cr) range from 0 to 255
-     *
-     * Use full range, BT.601 transfer and BT.601_625 standard.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_JFIF = 0x101, // deprecated, use HAL_DATASPACE_V0_JFIF
-
-    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_JFIF = HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625 |
-            HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M | HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_FULL,
-
-    /*
-     * ITU-R Recommendation 601 (BT.601) - 625-line
-     *
-     * Standard-definition television, 625 Lines (PAL)
-     *
-     * Use limited range, BT.601 transfer and BT.601_625 standard.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_BT601_625 = 0x102, // deprecated, use HAL_DATASPACE_V0_BT601_625
-
-    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_BT601_625 = HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_625 |
-            HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M | HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_LIMITED,
-
-
-    /*
-     * ITU-R Recommendation 601 (BT.601) - 525-line
-     *
-     * Standard-definition television, 525 Lines (NTSC)
-     *
-     * Use limited range, BT.601 transfer and BT.601_525 standard.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_BT601_525 = 0x103, // deprecated, use HAL_DATASPACE_V0_BT601_525
-
-    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_BT601_525 = HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT601_525 |
-            HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M | HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_LIMITED,
-
-    /*
-     * ITU-R Recommendation 709 (BT.709)
-     *
-     * High-definition television
-     *
-     * Use limited range, BT.709 transfer and BT.709 standard.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_BT709 = 0x104, // deprecated, use HAL_DATASPACE_V0_BT709
-
-    HAL_DATASPACE_V0_BT709 = HAL_DATASPACE_STANDARD_BT709 |
-            HAL_DATASPACE_TRANSFER_SMPTE_170M | HAL_DATASPACE_RANGE_LIMITED,
-
-    /*
-     * Data spaces for non-color formats
-     */
-
-    /*
-     * The buffer contains depth ranging measurements from a depth camera.
-     * This value is valid with formats:
-     *    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_Y16: 16-bit samples, consisting of a depth measurement
-     *       and an associated confidence value. The 3 MSBs of the sample make
-     *       up the confidence value, and the low 13 LSBs of the sample make up
-     *       the depth measurement.
-     *       For the confidence section, 0 means 100% confidence, 1 means 0%
-     *       confidence. The mapping to a linear float confidence value between
-     *       0.f and 1.f can be obtained with
-     *         float confidence = (((depthSample >> 13) - 1) & 0x7) / 7.0f;
-     *       The depth measurement can be extracted simply with
-     *         uint16_t range = (depthSample & 0x1FFF);
-     *    HAL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BLOB: A depth point cloud, as
-     *       a variable-length float (x,y,z, confidence) coordinate point list.
-     *       The point cloud will be represented with the android_depth_points
-     *       structure.
-     */
-    HAL_DATASPACE_DEPTH = 0x1000
-
-} android_dataspace_t;
-
-/*
- * Color modes that may be supported by a display.
- *
- * Definitions:
- * Rendering intent generally defines the goal in mapping a source (input)
- * color to a destination device color for a given color mode.
- *
- *  It is important to keep in mind three cases where mapping may be applied:
- *  1. The source gamut is much smaller than the destination (display) gamut
- *  2. The source gamut is much larger than the destination gamut (this will
- *  ordinarily be handled using colorimetric rendering, below)
- *  3. The source and destination gamuts are roughly equal, although not
- *  completely overlapping
- *  Also, a common requirement for mappings is that skin tones should be
- *  preserved, or at least remain natural in appearance.
- *
- *  Colorimetric Rendering Intent (All cases):
- *  Colorimetric indicates that colors should be preserved. In the case
- *  that the source gamut lies wholly within the destination gamut or is
- *  about the same (#1, #3), this will simply mean that no manipulations
- *  (no saturation boost, for example) are applied. In the case where some
- *  source colors lie outside the destination gamut (#2, #3), those will
- *  need to be mapped to colors that are within the destination gamut,
- *  while the already in-gamut colors remain unchanged.
- *
- *  Non-colorimetric transforms can take many forms. There are no hard
- *  rules and it's left to the implementation to define.
- *  Two common intents are described below.
- *
- *  Stretched-Gamut Enhancement Intent (Source < Destination):
- *  When the destination gamut is much larger than the source gamut (#1), the
- *  source primaries may be redefined to reflect the full extent of the
- *  destination space, or to reflect an intermediate gamut.
- *  Skin-tone preservation would likely be applied. An example might be sRGB
- *  input displayed on a DCI-P3 capable device, with skin-tone preservation.
- *
- *  Within-Gamut Enhancement Intent (Source >= Destination):
- *  When the device (destination) gamut is not larger than the source gamut
- *  (#2 or #3), but the appearance of a larger gamut is desired, techniques
- *  such as saturation boost may be applied to the source colors. Skin-tone
- *  preservation may be applied. There is no unique method for within-gamut
- *  enhancement; it would be defined within a flexible color mode.
- *
- */
-typedef enum android_color_mode {
-
-  /*
-   * HAL_COLOR_MODE_DEFAULT is the "native" gamut of the display.
-   * White Point: Vendor/OEM defined
-   * Panel Gamma: Vendor/OEM defined (typically 2.2)
-   * Rendering Intent: Vendor/OEM defined (typically 'enhanced')
-   */
-  HAL_COLOR_MODE_NATIVE = 0,
-
-  /*
-   * HAL_COLOR_MODE_STANDARD_BT601_625 corresponds with display
-   * settings that implement the ITU-R Recommendation BT.601
-   * or Rec 601. Using 625 line version
-   * Rendering Intent: Colorimetric
-   * Primaries:
-   *                  x       y
-   *  green           0.290   0.600
-   *  blue            0.150   0.060
-   *  red             0.640   0.330
-   *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
-   *
-   *  KR = 0.299, KB = 0.114. This adjusts the luminance interpretation
-   *  for RGB conversion from the one purely determined by the primaries
-   *  to minimize the color shift into RGB space that uses BT.709
-   *  primaries.
-   *
-   * Gamma Correction (GC):
-   *
-   *  if Vlinear < 0.018
-   *    Vnonlinear = 4.500 * Vlinear
-   *  else
-   *    Vnonlinear = 1.099 * (Vlinear)^(0.45) – 0.099
-   */
-  HAL_COLOR_MODE_STANDARD_BT601_625 = 1,
-
-  /*
-   * Primaries:
-   *                  x       y
-   *  green           0.290   0.600
-   *  blue            0.150   0.060
-   *  red             0.640   0.330
-   *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
-   *
-   *  Use the unadjusted KR = 0.222, KB = 0.071 luminance interpretation
-   *  for RGB conversion.
-   *
-   * Gamma Correction (GC):
-   *
-   *  if Vlinear < 0.018
-   *    Vnonlinear = 4.500 * Vlinear
-   *  else
-   *    Vnonlinear = 1.099 * (Vlinear)^(0.45) – 0.099
-   */
-  HAL_COLOR_MODE_STANDARD_BT601_625_UNADJUSTED = 2,
-
-  /*
-   * Primaries:
-   *                  x       y
-   *  green           0.310   0.595
-   *  blue            0.155   0.070
-   *  red             0.630   0.340
-   *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
-   *
-   *  KR = 0.299, KB = 0.114. This adjusts the luminance interpretation
-   *  for RGB conversion from the one purely determined by the primaries
-   *  to minimize the color shift into RGB space that uses BT.709
-   *  primaries.
-   *
-   * Gamma Correction (GC):
-   *
-   *  if Vlinear < 0.018
-   *    Vnonlinear = 4.500 * Vlinear
-   *  else
-   *    Vnonlinear = 1.099 * (Vlinear)^(0.45) – 0.099
-   */
-  HAL_COLOR_MODE_STANDARD_BT601_525 = 3,
-
-  /*
-   * Primaries:
-   *                  x       y
-   *  green           0.310   0.595
-   *  blue            0.155   0.070
-   *  red             0.630   0.340
-   *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
-   *
-   *  Use the unadjusted KR = 0.212, KB = 0.087 luminance interpretation
-   *  for RGB conversion (as in SMPTE 240M).
-   *
-   * Gamma Correction (GC):
-   *
-   *  if Vlinear < 0.018
-   *    Vnonlinear = 4.500 * Vlinear
-   *  else
-   *    Vnonlinear = 1.099 * (Vlinear)^(0.45) – 0.099
-   */
-  HAL_COLOR_MODE_STANDARD_BT601_525_UNADJUSTED = 4,
-
-  /*
-   * HAL_COLOR_MODE_REC709 corresponds with display settings that implement
-   * the ITU-R Recommendation BT.709 / Rec. 709 for high-definition television.
-   * Rendering Intent: Colorimetric
-   * Primaries:
-   *                  x       y
-   *  green           0.300   0.600
-   *  blue            0.150   0.060
-   *  red             0.640   0.330
-   *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
-   *
-   * HDTV REC709 Inverse Gamma Correction (IGC): V represents normalized
-   * (with [0 to 1] range) value of R, G, or B.
-   *
-   *  if Vnonlinear < 0.081
-   *    Vlinear = Vnonlinear / 4.5
-   *  else
-   *    Vlinear = ((Vnonlinear + 0.099) / 1.099) ^ (1/0.45)
-   *
-   * HDTV REC709 Gamma Correction (GC):
-   *
-   *  if Vlinear < 0.018
-   *    Vnonlinear = 4.5 * Vlinear
-   *  else
-   *    Vnonlinear = 1.099 * (Vlinear) ^ 0.45 – 0.099
-   */
-  HAL_COLOR_MODE_STANDARD_BT709 = 5,
-
-  /*
-   * HAL_COLOR_MODE_DCI_P3 corresponds with display settings that implement
-   * SMPTE EG 432-1 and SMPTE RP 431-2
-   * Rendering Intent: Colorimetric
-   * Primaries:
-   *                  x       y
-   *  green           0.265   0.690
-   *  blue            0.150   0.060
-   *  red             0.680   0.320
-   *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
-   *
-   * Gamma: 2.2
-   */
-  HAL_COLOR_MODE_DCI_P3 = 6,
-
-  /*
-   * HAL_COLOR_MODE_SRGB corresponds with display settings that implement
-   * the sRGB color space. Uses the same primaries as ITU-R Recommendation
-   * BT.709
-   * Rendering Intent: Colorimetric
-   * Primaries:
-   *                  x       y
-   *  green           0.300   0.600
-   *  blue            0.150   0.060
-   *  red             0.640   0.330
-   *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
-   *
-   * PC/Internet (sRGB) Inverse Gamma Correction (IGC):
-   *
-   *  if Vnonlinear ≤ 0.03928
-   *    Vlinear = Vnonlinear / 12.92
-   *  else
-   *    Vlinear = ((Vnonlinear + 0.055)/1.055) ^ 2.4
-   *
-   * PC/Internet (sRGB) Gamma Correction (GC):
-   *
-   *  if Vlinear ≤ 0.0031308
-   *    Vnonlinear = 12.92 * Vlinear
-   *  else
-   *    Vnonlinear = 1.055 * (Vlinear)^(1/2.4) – 0.055
-   */
-  HAL_COLOR_MODE_SRGB = 7,
-
-  /*
-   * HAL_COLOR_MODE_ADOBE_RGB corresponds with the RGB color space developed
-   * by Adobe Systems, Inc. in 1998.
-   * Rendering Intent: Colorimetric
-   * Primaries:
-   *                  x       y
-   *  green           0.210   0.710
-   *  blue            0.150   0.060
-   *  red             0.640   0.330
-   *  white (D65)     0.3127  0.3290
-   *
-   * Gamma: 2.2
-   */
-  HAL_COLOR_MODE_ADOBE_RGB = 8
-
-} android_color_mode_t;
-
-/*
- * Color transforms that may be applied by hardware composer to the whole
- * display.
- */
-typedef enum android_color_transform {
-    /* Applies no transform to the output color */
-    HAL_COLOR_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY = 0,
-
-    /* Applies an arbitrary transform defined by a 4x4 affine matrix */
-    HAL_COLOR_TRANSFORM_ARBITRARY_MATRIX = 1,
-
-    /* Applies a transform that inverts the value or luminance of the color, but
-     * does not modify hue or saturation */
-    HAL_COLOR_TRANSFORM_VALUE_INVERSE = 2,
-
-    /* Applies a transform that maps all colors to shades of gray */
-    HAL_COLOR_TRANSFORM_GRAYSCALE = 3,
-
-    /* Applies a transform which corrects for protanopic color blindness */
-    HAL_COLOR_TRANSFORM_CORRECT_PROTANOPIA = 4,
-
-    /* Applies a transform which corrects for deuteranopic color blindness */
-    HAL_COLOR_TRANSFORM_CORRECT_DEUTERANOPIA = 5,
-
-    /* Applies a transform which corrects for tritanopic color blindness */
-    HAL_COLOR_TRANSFORM_CORRECT_TRITANOPIA = 6
-} android_color_transform_t;
-
-/*
- * Supported HDR formats. Must be kept in sync with equivalents in Display.java.
- */
-typedef enum android_hdr {
-    /* Device supports Dolby Vision HDR */
-    HAL_HDR_DOLBY_VISION = 1,
-
-    /* Device supports HDR10 */
-    HAL_HDR_HDR10 = 2,
-
-    /* Device supports hybrid log-gamma HDR */
-    HAL_HDR_HLG = 3
-} android_hdr_t;
+struct android_smpte2086_metadata {
+    struct android_xy_color displayPrimaryRed;
+    struct android_xy_color displayPrimaryGreen;
+    struct android_xy_color displayPrimaryBlue;
+    struct android_xy_color whitePoint;
+    float maxLuminance;
+    float minLuminance;
+};
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/libsystem/include/system/radio.h b/libsystem/include/system/radio.h
index 03b252e..acf3ea7 100644
--- a/libsystem/include/system/radio.h
+++ b/libsystem/include/system/radio.h
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
 } radio_direction_t;
 
 /* unique handle allocated to a radio module */
-typedef unsigned int radio_handle_t;
+typedef uint32_t radio_handle_t;
 
 /* Opaque meta data structure used by radio meta data API (see system/radio_metadata.h) */
 typedef struct radio_metadata radio_metadata_t;
@@ -109,10 +109,10 @@
 typedef struct radio_hal_band_config {
     radio_band_t type;
     bool         antenna_connected;
-    unsigned int lower_limit;
-    unsigned int upper_limit;
-    unsigned int num_spacings;
-    unsigned int spacings[RADIO_NUM_SPACINGS_MAX];
+    uint32_t     lower_limit;
+    uint32_t     upper_limit;
+    uint32_t     num_spacings;
+    uint32_t     spacings[RADIO_NUM_SPACINGS_MAX];
     union {
         radio_hal_fm_band_config_t fm;
         radio_hal_am_band_config_t am;
@@ -137,10 +137,10 @@
     char            product[RADIO_STRING_LEN_MAX];  /* product name */
     char            version[RADIO_STRING_LEN_MAX];  /* product version */
     char            serial[RADIO_STRING_LEN_MAX];  /* serial number (for subscription services) */
-    unsigned int    num_tuners;     /* number of tuners controllable independently */
-    unsigned int    num_audio_sources; /* number of audio sources driven simultaneously */
+    uint32_t        num_tuners;     /* number of tuners controllable independently */
+    uint32_t        num_audio_sources; /* number of audio sources driven simultaneously */
     bool            supports_capture; /* the hardware supports capture of audio source audio HAL */
-    unsigned int    num_bands;      /* number of band descriptors */
+    uint32_t        num_bands;      /* number of band descriptors */
     radio_hal_band_config_t bands[RADIO_NUM_BANDS_MAX]; /* band descriptors */
 } radio_hal_properties_t;
 
@@ -153,10 +153,10 @@
     char                product[RADIO_STRING_LEN_MAX];
     char                version[RADIO_STRING_LEN_MAX];
     char                serial[RADIO_STRING_LEN_MAX];
-    unsigned int        num_tuners;
-    unsigned int        num_audio_sources;
+    uint32_t            num_tuners;
+    uint32_t            num_audio_sources;
     bool                supports_capture;
-    unsigned int        num_bands;
+    uint32_t            num_bands;
     radio_band_config_t bands[RADIO_NUM_BANDS_MAX];
 } radio_properties_t;
 
@@ -164,12 +164,12 @@
  * Contains information on currently tuned channel.
  */
 typedef struct radio_program_info {
-    unsigned int     channel;   /* current channel. (e.g kHz for band type RADIO_BAND_FM) */
-    unsigned int     sub_channel; /* current sub channel. (used for RADIO_BAND_FM_HD) */
+    uint32_t         channel;   /* current channel. (e.g kHz for band type RADIO_BAND_FM) */
+    uint32_t         sub_channel; /* current sub channel. (used for RADIO_BAND_FM_HD) */
     bool             tuned;     /* tuned to a program or not */
     bool             stereo;    /* program is stereo or not */
     bool             digital;   /* digital program or not (e.g HD Radio program) */
-    unsigned int     signal_strength; /* signal strength from 0 to 100 */
+    uint32_t         signal_strength; /* signal strength from 0 to 100 */
                                 /* meta data (e.g PTY, song title ...), must not be NULL */
     __attribute__((aligned(8))) radio_metadata_t *metadata;
 } radio_program_info_t;
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@
 /* Event passed to the framework by the HAL callback */
 typedef struct radio_hal_event {
     radio_event_type_t  type;       /* event type */
-    int                 status;     /* used by RADIO_EVENT_CONFIG, RADIO_EVENT_TUNED */
+    int32_t             status;     /* used by RADIO_EVENT_CONFIG, RADIO_EVENT_TUNED */
     union {
         /* RADIO_EVENT_ANTENNA, RADIO_EVENT_TA, RADIO_EVENT_EA */
         bool                    on;
@@ -209,12 +209,13 @@
 /* Used internally by the framework. Same information as in struct radio_hal_event */
 typedef struct radio_event {
     radio_event_type_t  type;
-    int                 status;
+    int32_t             status;
     union {
         bool                    on;
         radio_band_config_t     config;
         radio_program_info_t    info;
-        radio_metadata_t        *metadata; /* offset from start of struct when in shared memory */
+                                /* meta data (e.g PTY, song title ...), must not be NULL */
+        __attribute__((aligned(8))) radio_metadata_t *metadata;
     };
 } radio_event_t;
 
diff --git a/libsystem/include/system/window-deprecated.h b/libsystem/include/system/window-deprecated.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e836aea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libsystem/include/system/window-deprecated.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1114 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+/**************************************************************************************************
+ **************************************************************************************************
+ ****                                                                                          ****
+ ****  DEPRECATED                                                                              ****
+ ****                                                                                          ****
+ ****  THIS FILE EXISTS ONLY FOR BACKWARD SOURCE COMPATIBILITY.                                ****
+ ****                                                                                          ****
+ ****  DO NOT ADD TO THIS FILE.                                                                ****
+ ****                                                                                          ****
+ ****  Driver implementors (vendors) should use vndk/window.h                                  ****
+ ****  (frameworks/native/libs/nativewindow/include/vndk/window.h)                             ****
+ ****                                                                                          ****
+ ****  Internal definition can be found here:                                                  ****
+ ****  frameworks/native/libs/nativewindow/include/system/window.h                             ****
+ ****                                                                                          ****
+ **************************************************************************************************
+ **************************************************************************************************/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cutils/native_handle.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#include <system/graphics.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#ifndef __UNUSED
+#define __UNUSED __attribute__((__unused__))
+#endif
+#ifndef __deprecated
+#define __deprecated __attribute__((__deprecated__))
+#endif
+
+__BEGIN_DECLS
+
+/*****************************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#define ANDROID_NATIVE_UNSIGNED_CAST(x) static_cast<unsigned int>(x)
+#else
+#define ANDROID_NATIVE_UNSIGNED_CAST(x) ((unsigned int)(x))
+#endif
+
+#define ANDROID_NATIVE_MAKE_CONSTANT(a,b,c,d) \
+    ((ANDROID_NATIVE_UNSIGNED_CAST(a) << 24) | \
+     (ANDROID_NATIVE_UNSIGNED_CAST(b) << 16) | \
+     (ANDROID_NATIVE_UNSIGNED_CAST(c) << 8) | \
+     (ANDROID_NATIVE_UNSIGNED_CAST(d)))
+
+#define ANDROID_NATIVE_WINDOW_MAGIC \
+    ANDROID_NATIVE_MAKE_CONSTANT('_','w','n','d')
+
+#define ANDROID_NATIVE_BUFFER_MAGIC \
+    ANDROID_NATIVE_MAKE_CONSTANT('_','b','f','r')
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// This #define may be used to conditionally compile device-specific code to
+// support either the prior ANativeWindow interface, which did not pass libsync
+// fences around, or the new interface that does.  This #define is only present
+// when the ANativeWindow interface does include libsync support.
+#define ANDROID_NATIVE_WINDOW_HAS_SYNC 1
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef const native_handle_t* buffer_handle_t;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef struct android_native_rect_t
+{
+    int32_t left;
+    int32_t top;
+    int32_t right;
+    int32_t bottom;
+} android_native_rect_t;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef struct android_native_base_t
+{
+    /* a magic value defined by the actual EGL native type */
+    int magic;
+
+    /* the sizeof() of the actual EGL native type */
+    int version;
+
+    void* reserved[4];
+
+    /* reference-counting interface */
+    void (*incRef)(struct android_native_base_t* base);
+    void (*decRef)(struct android_native_base_t* base);
+} android_native_base_t;
+
+typedef struct ANativeWindowBuffer
+{
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+    ANativeWindowBuffer() {
+        common.magic = ANDROID_NATIVE_BUFFER_MAGIC;
+        common.version = sizeof(ANativeWindowBuffer);
+        memset(common.reserved, 0, sizeof(common.reserved));
+    }
+
+    // Implement the methods that sp<ANativeWindowBuffer> expects so that it
+    // can be used to automatically refcount ANativeWindowBuffer's.
+    void incStrong(const void* /*id*/) const {
+        common.incRef(const_cast<android_native_base_t*>(&common));
+    }
+    void decStrong(const void* /*id*/) const {
+        common.decRef(const_cast<android_native_base_t*>(&common));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    struct android_native_base_t common;
+
+    int width;
+    int height;
+    int stride;
+    int format;
+    int usage;
+    uintptr_t layerCount;
+
+    void* reserved[1];
+
+    buffer_handle_t handle;
+
+    void* reserved_proc[8];
+} ANativeWindowBuffer_t;
+
+// Old typedef for backwards compatibility.
+typedef ANativeWindowBuffer_t android_native_buffer_t;
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/* attributes queriable with query() */
+enum {
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_WIDTH     = 0,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_HEIGHT    = 1,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_FORMAT    = 2,
+
+    /* The minimum number of buffers that must remain un-dequeued after a buffer
+     * has been queued.  This value applies only if set_buffer_count was used to
+     * override the number of buffers and if a buffer has since been queued.
+     * Users of the set_buffer_count ANativeWindow method should query this
+     * value before calling set_buffer_count.  If it is necessary to have N
+     * buffers simultaneously dequeued as part of the steady-state operation,
+     * and this query returns M then N+M buffers should be requested via
+     * native_window_set_buffer_count.
+     *
+     * Note that this value does NOT apply until a single buffer has been
+     * queued.  In particular this means that it is possible to:
+     *
+     * 1. Query M = min undequeued buffers
+     * 2. Set the buffer count to N + M
+     * 3. Dequeue all N + M buffers
+     * 4. Cancel M buffers
+     * 5. Queue, dequeue, queue, dequeue, ad infinitum
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_MIN_UNDEQUEUED_BUFFERS = 3,
+
+    /* Check whether queueBuffer operations on the ANativeWindow send the buffer
+     * to the window compositor.  The query sets the returned 'value' argument
+     * to 1 if the ANativeWindow DOES send queued buffers directly to the window
+     * compositor and 0 if the buffers do not go directly to the window
+     * compositor.
+     *
+     * This can be used to determine whether protected buffer content should be
+     * sent to the ANativeWindow.  Note, however, that a result of 1 does NOT
+     * indicate that queued buffers will be protected from applications or users
+     * capturing their contents.  If that behavior is desired then some other
+     * mechanism (e.g. the GRALLOC_USAGE_PROTECTED flag) should be used in
+     * conjunction with this query.
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_QUEUES_TO_WINDOW_COMPOSER = 4,
+
+    /* Get the concrete type of a ANativeWindow.  See below for the list of
+     * possible return values.
+     *
+     * This query should not be used outside the Android framework and will
+     * likely be removed in the near future.
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_CONCRETE_TYPE = 5,
+
+
+    /*
+     * Default width and height of ANativeWindow buffers, these are the
+     * dimensions of the window buffers irrespective of the
+     * NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_DIMENSIONS call and match the native window
+     * size unless overridden by NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_USER_DIMENSIONS.
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_DEFAULT_WIDTH = 6,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 7,
+
+    /*
+     * transformation that will most-likely be applied to buffers. This is only
+     * a hint, the actual transformation applied might be different.
+     *
+     * INTENDED USE:
+     *
+     * The transform hint can be used by a producer, for instance the GLES
+     * driver, to pre-rotate the rendering such that the final transformation
+     * in the composer is identity. This can be very useful when used in
+     * conjunction with the h/w composer HAL, in situations where it
+     * cannot handle arbitrary rotations.
+     *
+     * 1. Before dequeuing a buffer, the GL driver (or any other ANW client)
+     *    queries the ANW for NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_HINT.
+     *
+     * 2. The GL driver overrides the width and height of the ANW to
+     *    account for NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_HINT. This is done by querying
+     *    NATIVE_WINDOW_DEFAULT_{WIDTH | HEIGHT}, swapping the dimensions
+     *    according to NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_HINT and calling
+     *    native_window_set_buffers_dimensions().
+     *
+     * 3. The GL driver dequeues a buffer of the new pre-rotated size.
+     *
+     * 4. The GL driver renders to the buffer such that the image is
+     *    already transformed, that is applying NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_HINT
+     *    to the rendering.
+     *
+     * 5. The GL driver calls native_window_set_transform to apply
+     *    inverse transformation to the buffer it just rendered.
+     *    In order to do this, the GL driver needs
+     *    to calculate the inverse of NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_HINT, this is
+     *    done easily:
+     *
+     *        int hintTransform, inverseTransform;
+     *        query(..., NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_HINT, &hintTransform);
+     *        inverseTransform = hintTransform;
+     *        if (hintTransform & HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_90)
+     *            inverseTransform ^= HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_180;
+     *
+     *
+     * 6. The GL driver queues the pre-transformed buffer.
+     *
+     * 7. The composer combines the buffer transform with the display
+     *    transform.  If the buffer transform happens to cancel out the
+     *    display transform then no rotation is needed.
+     *
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_HINT = 8,
+
+    /*
+     * Boolean that indicates whether the consumer is running more than
+     * one buffer behind the producer.
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_CONSUMER_RUNNING_BEHIND = 9,
+
+    /*
+     * The consumer gralloc usage bits currently set by the consumer.
+     * The values are defined in hardware/libhardware/include/gralloc.h.
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_CONSUMER_USAGE_BITS = 10,
+
+    /**
+     * Transformation that will by applied to buffers by the hwcomposer.
+     * This must not be set or checked by producer endpoints, and will
+     * disable the transform hint set in SurfaceFlinger (see
+     * NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_HINT).
+     *
+     * INTENDED USE:
+     * Temporary - Please do not use this.  This is intended only to be used
+     * by the camera's LEGACY mode.
+     *
+     * In situations where a SurfaceFlinger client wishes to set a transform
+     * that is not visible to the producer, and will always be applied in the
+     * hardware composer, the client can set this flag with
+     * native_window_set_buffers_sticky_transform.  This can be used to rotate
+     * and flip buffers consumed by hardware composer without actually changing
+     * the aspect ratio of the buffers produced.
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_STICKY_TRANSFORM = 11,
+
+    /**
+     * The default data space for the buffers as set by the consumer.
+     * The values are defined in graphics.h.
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_DEFAULT_DATASPACE = 12,
+
+    /*
+     * Returns the age of the contents of the most recently dequeued buffer as
+     * the number of frames that have elapsed since it was last queued. For
+     * example, if the window is double-buffered, the age of any given buffer in
+     * steady state will be 2. If the dequeued buffer has never been queued, its
+     * age will be 0.
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_BUFFER_AGE = 13,
+
+    /*
+     * Returns the duration of the last dequeueBuffer call in microseconds
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_LAST_DEQUEUE_DURATION = 14,
+
+    /*
+     * Returns the duration of the last queueBuffer call in microseconds
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_LAST_QUEUE_DURATION = 15,
+
+    /*
+     * Returns the number of image layers that the ANativeWindow buffer
+     * contains. By default this is 1, unless a buffer is explicitly allocated
+     * to contain multiple layers.
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_LAYER_COUNT = 16,
+
+    /*
+     * Returns 1 if the native window is valid, 0 otherwise. native window is valid
+     * if it is safe (i.e. no crash will occur) to call any method on it.
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_IS_VALID = 17,
+
+    /*
+     * Returns 1 if NATIVE_WINDOW_GET_FRAME_TIMESTAMPS will return display
+     * present info, 0 if it won't.
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_FRAME_TIMESTAMPS_SUPPORTS_PRESENT = 18,
+
+    /*
+     * The consumer end is capable of handling protected buffers, i.e. buffer
+     * with GRALLOC_USAGE_PROTECTED usage bits on.
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_CONSUMER_IS_PROTECTED = 19,
+};
+
+/* Valid operations for the (*perform)() hook.
+ *
+ * Values marked as 'deprecated' are supported, but have been superceded by
+ * other functionality.
+ *
+ * Values marked as 'private' should be considered private to the framework.
+ * HAL implementation code with access to an ANativeWindow should not use these,
+ * as it may not interact properly with the framework's use of the
+ * ANativeWindow.
+ */
+enum {
+// clang-format off
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_USAGE                 =  0,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_CONNECT                   =  1,   /* deprecated */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_DISCONNECT                =  2,   /* deprecated */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_CROP                  =  3,   /* private */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFER_COUNT          =  4,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_GEOMETRY      =  5,   /* deprecated */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_TRANSFORM     =  6,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_TIMESTAMP     =  7,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_DIMENSIONS    =  8,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_FORMAT        =  9,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SCALING_MODE          = 10,   /* private */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_LOCK                      = 11,   /* private */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_UNLOCK_AND_POST           = 12,   /* private */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_API_CONNECT               = 13,   /* private */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_API_DISCONNECT            = 14,   /* private */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_USER_DIMENSIONS = 15, /* private */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_POST_TRANSFORM_CROP   = 16,   /* private */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_STICKY_TRANSFORM = 17,/* private */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SIDEBAND_STREAM       = 18,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_DATASPACE     = 19,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SURFACE_DAMAGE        = 20,   /* private */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SHARED_BUFFER_MODE    = 21,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_AUTO_REFRESH          = 22,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_GET_REFRESH_CYCLE_DURATION= 23,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_GET_NEXT_FRAME_ID         = 24,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_ENABLE_FRAME_TIMESTAMPS   = 25,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_GET_COMPOSITOR_TIMING     = 26,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_GET_FRAME_TIMESTAMPS      = 27,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_GET_WIDE_COLOR_SUPPORT    = 28,
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_GET_HDR_SUPPORT           = 29,
+// clang-format on
+};
+
+/* parameter for NATIVE_WINDOW_[API_][DIS]CONNECT */
+enum {
+    /* Buffers will be queued by EGL via eglSwapBuffers after being filled using
+     * OpenGL ES.
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_API_EGL = 1,
+
+    /* Buffers will be queued after being filled using the CPU
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_API_CPU = 2,
+
+    /* Buffers will be queued by Stagefright after being filled by a video
+     * decoder.  The video decoder can either be a software or hardware decoder.
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_API_MEDIA = 3,
+
+    /* Buffers will be queued by the the camera HAL.
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_API_CAMERA = 4,
+};
+
+/* parameter for NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_TRANSFORM */
+enum {
+    /* flip source image horizontally */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H = HAL_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H ,
+    /* flip source image vertically */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V = HAL_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V,
+    /* rotate source image 90 degrees clock-wise, and is applied after TRANSFORM_FLIP_{H|V} */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_ROT_90 = HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_90,
+    /* rotate source image 180 degrees */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_ROT_180 = HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_180,
+    /* rotate source image 270 degrees clock-wise */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_ROT_270 = HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_270,
+    /* transforms source by the inverse transform of the screen it is displayed onto. This
+     * transform is applied last */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_INVERSE_DISPLAY = 0x08
+};
+
+/* parameter for NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SCALING_MODE
+ * keep in sync with Surface.java in frameworks/base */
+enum {
+    /* the window content is not updated (frozen) until a buffer of
+     * the window size is received (enqueued)
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SCALING_MODE_FREEZE           = 0,
+    /* the buffer is scaled in both dimensions to match the window size */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SCALING_MODE_SCALE_TO_WINDOW  = 1,
+    /* the buffer is scaled uniformly such that the smaller dimension
+     * of the buffer matches the window size (cropping in the process)
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SCALING_MODE_SCALE_CROP       = 2,
+    /* the window is clipped to the size of the buffer's crop rectangle; pixels
+     * outside the crop rectangle are treated as if they are completely
+     * transparent.
+     */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SCALING_MODE_NO_SCALE_CROP    = 3,
+};
+
+/* values returned by the NATIVE_WINDOW_CONCRETE_TYPE query */
+enum {
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_FRAMEBUFFER               = 0, /* FramebufferNativeWindow */
+    NATIVE_WINDOW_SURFACE                   = 1, /* Surface */
+};
+
+/* parameter for NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_TIMESTAMP
+ *
+ * Special timestamp value to indicate that timestamps should be auto-generated
+ * by the native window when queueBuffer is called.  This is equal to INT64_MIN,
+ * defined directly to avoid problems with C99/C++ inclusion of stdint.h.
+ */
+static const int64_t NATIVE_WINDOW_TIMESTAMP_AUTO = (-9223372036854775807LL-1);
+
+/* parameter for NATIVE_WINDOW_GET_FRAME_TIMESTAMPS
+ *
+ * Special timestamp value to indicate the timestamps aren't yet known or
+ * that they are invalid.
+ */
+static const int64_t NATIVE_WINDOW_TIMESTAMP_PENDING = -2;
+static const int64_t NATIVE_WINDOW_TIMESTAMP_INVALID = -1;
+
+struct ANativeWindow
+{
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+    ANativeWindow()
+        : flags(0), minSwapInterval(0), maxSwapInterval(0), xdpi(0), ydpi(0)
+    {
+        common.magic = ANDROID_NATIVE_WINDOW_MAGIC;
+        common.version = sizeof(ANativeWindow);
+        memset(common.reserved, 0, sizeof(common.reserved));
+    }
+
+    /* Implement the methods that sp<ANativeWindow> expects so that it
+       can be used to automatically refcount ANativeWindow's. */
+    void incStrong(const void* /*id*/) const {
+        common.incRef(const_cast<android_native_base_t*>(&common));
+    }
+    void decStrong(const void* /*id*/) const {
+        common.decRef(const_cast<android_native_base_t*>(&common));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    struct android_native_base_t common;
+
+    /* flags describing some attributes of this surface or its updater */
+    const uint32_t flags;
+
+    /* min swap interval supported by this updated */
+    const int   minSwapInterval;
+
+    /* max swap interval supported by this updated */
+    const int   maxSwapInterval;
+
+    /* horizontal and vertical resolution in DPI */
+    const float xdpi;
+    const float ydpi;
+
+    /* Some storage reserved for the OEM's driver. */
+    intptr_t    oem[4];
+
+    /*
+     * Set the swap interval for this surface.
+     *
+     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
+     */
+    int     (*setSwapInterval)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
+                int interval);
+
+    /*
+     * Hook called by EGL to acquire a buffer. After this call, the buffer
+     * is not locked, so its content cannot be modified. This call may block if
+     * no buffers are available.
+     *
+     * The window holds a reference to the buffer between dequeueBuffer and
+     * either queueBuffer or cancelBuffer, so clients only need their own
+     * reference if they might use the buffer after queueing or canceling it.
+     * Holding a reference to a buffer after queueing or canceling it is only
+     * allowed if a specific buffer count has been set.
+     *
+     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
+     *
+     * XXX: This function is deprecated.  It will continue to work for some
+     * time for binary compatibility, but the new dequeueBuffer function that
+     * outputs a fence file descriptor should be used in its place.
+     */
+    int     (*dequeueBuffer_DEPRECATED)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
+                struct ANativeWindowBuffer** buffer);
+
+    /*
+     * hook called by EGL to lock a buffer. This MUST be called before modifying
+     * the content of a buffer. The buffer must have been acquired with
+     * dequeueBuffer first.
+     *
+     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
+     *
+     * XXX: This function is deprecated.  It will continue to work for some
+     * time for binary compatibility, but it is essentially a no-op, and calls
+     * to it should be removed.
+     */
+    int     (*lockBuffer_DEPRECATED)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
+                struct ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer);
+
+    /*
+     * Hook called by EGL when modifications to the render buffer are done.
+     * This unlocks and post the buffer.
+     *
+     * The window holds a reference to the buffer between dequeueBuffer and
+     * either queueBuffer or cancelBuffer, so clients only need their own
+     * reference if they might use the buffer after queueing or canceling it.
+     * Holding a reference to a buffer after queueing or canceling it is only
+     * allowed if a specific buffer count has been set.
+     *
+     * Buffers MUST be queued in the same order than they were dequeued.
+     *
+     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
+     *
+     * XXX: This function is deprecated.  It will continue to work for some
+     * time for binary compatibility, but the new queueBuffer function that
+     * takes a fence file descriptor should be used in its place (pass a value
+     * of -1 for the fence file descriptor if there is no valid one to pass).
+     */
+    int     (*queueBuffer_DEPRECATED)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
+                struct ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer);
+
+    /*
+     * hook used to retrieve information about the native window.
+     *
+     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
+     */
+    int     (*query)(const struct ANativeWindow* window,
+                int what, int* value);
+
+    /*
+     * hook used to perform various operations on the surface.
+     * (*perform)() is a generic mechanism to add functionality to
+     * ANativeWindow while keeping backward binary compatibility.
+     *
+     * DO NOT CALL THIS HOOK DIRECTLY.  Instead, use the helper functions
+     * defined below.
+     *
+     * (*perform)() returns -ENOENT if the 'what' parameter is not supported
+     * by the surface's implementation.
+     *
+     * See above for a list of valid operations, such as
+     * NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_USAGE or NATIVE_WINDOW_CONNECT
+     */
+    int     (*perform)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
+                int operation, ... );
+
+    /*
+     * Hook used to cancel a buffer that has been dequeued.
+     * No synchronization is performed between dequeue() and cancel(), so
+     * either external synchronization is needed, or these functions must be
+     * called from the same thread.
+     *
+     * The window holds a reference to the buffer between dequeueBuffer and
+     * either queueBuffer or cancelBuffer, so clients only need their own
+     * reference if they might use the buffer after queueing or canceling it.
+     * Holding a reference to a buffer after queueing or canceling it is only
+     * allowed if a specific buffer count has been set.
+     *
+     * XXX: This function is deprecated.  It will continue to work for some
+     * time for binary compatibility, but the new cancelBuffer function that
+     * takes a fence file descriptor should be used in its place (pass a value
+     * of -1 for the fence file descriptor if there is no valid one to pass).
+     */
+    int     (*cancelBuffer_DEPRECATED)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
+                struct ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer);
+
+    /*
+     * Hook called by EGL to acquire a buffer. This call may block if no
+     * buffers are available.
+     *
+     * The window holds a reference to the buffer between dequeueBuffer and
+     * either queueBuffer or cancelBuffer, so clients only need their own
+     * reference if they might use the buffer after queueing or canceling it.
+     * Holding a reference to a buffer after queueing or canceling it is only
+     * allowed if a specific buffer count has been set.
+     *
+     * The libsync fence file descriptor returned in the int pointed to by the
+     * fenceFd argument will refer to the fence that must signal before the
+     * dequeued buffer may be written to.  A value of -1 indicates that the
+     * caller may access the buffer immediately without waiting on a fence.  If
+     * a valid file descriptor is returned (i.e. any value except -1) then the
+     * caller is responsible for closing the file descriptor.
+     *
+     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
+     */
+    int     (*dequeueBuffer)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
+                struct ANativeWindowBuffer** buffer, int* fenceFd);
+
+    /*
+     * Hook called by EGL when modifications to the render buffer are done.
+     * This unlocks and post the buffer.
+     *
+     * The window holds a reference to the buffer between dequeueBuffer and
+     * either queueBuffer or cancelBuffer, so clients only need their own
+     * reference if they might use the buffer after queueing or canceling it.
+     * Holding a reference to a buffer after queueing or canceling it is only
+     * allowed if a specific buffer count has been set.
+     *
+     * The fenceFd argument specifies a libsync fence file descriptor for a
+     * fence that must signal before the buffer can be accessed.  If the buffer
+     * can be accessed immediately then a value of -1 should be used.  The
+     * caller must not use the file descriptor after it is passed to
+     * queueBuffer, and the ANativeWindow implementation is responsible for
+     * closing it.
+     *
+     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
+     */
+    int     (*queueBuffer)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
+                struct ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer, int fenceFd);
+
+    /*
+     * Hook used to cancel a buffer that has been dequeued.
+     * No synchronization is performed between dequeue() and cancel(), so
+     * either external synchronization is needed, or these functions must be
+     * called from the same thread.
+     *
+     * The window holds a reference to the buffer between dequeueBuffer and
+     * either queueBuffer or cancelBuffer, so clients only need their own
+     * reference if they might use the buffer after queueing or canceling it.
+     * Holding a reference to a buffer after queueing or canceling it is only
+     * allowed if a specific buffer count has been set.
+     *
+     * The fenceFd argument specifies a libsync fence file decsriptor for a
+     * fence that must signal before the buffer can be accessed.  If the buffer
+     * can be accessed immediately then a value of -1 should be used.
+     *
+     * Note that if the client has not waited on the fence that was returned
+     * from dequeueBuffer, that same fence should be passed to cancelBuffer to
+     * ensure that future uses of the buffer are preceded by a wait on that
+     * fence.  The caller must not use the file descriptor after it is passed
+     * to cancelBuffer, and the ANativeWindow implementation is responsible for
+     * closing it.
+     *
+     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
+     */
+    int     (*cancelBuffer)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
+                struct ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer, int fenceFd);
+};
+
+ /* Backwards compatibility: use ANativeWindow (struct ANativeWindow in C).
+  * android_native_window_t is deprecated.
+  */
+typedef struct ANativeWindow ANativeWindow;
+typedef struct ANativeWindow android_native_window_t __deprecated;
+
+/*
+ *  native_window_set_usage(..., usage)
+ *  Sets the intended usage flags for the next buffers
+ *  acquired with (*lockBuffer)() and on.
+ *  By default (if this function is never called), a usage of
+ *      GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE
+ *  is assumed.
+ *  Calling this function will usually cause following buffers to be
+ *  reallocated.
+ */
+
+static inline int native_window_set_usage(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window, int usage)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_USAGE, usage);
+}
+
+/* deprecated. Always returns 0. Don't call. */
+static inline int native_window_connect(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window __UNUSED, int api __UNUSED) __deprecated;
+
+static inline int native_window_connect(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window __UNUSED, int api __UNUSED) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* deprecated. Always returns 0. Don't call. */
+static inline int native_window_disconnect(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window __UNUSED, int api __UNUSED) __deprecated;
+
+static inline int native_window_disconnect(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window __UNUSED, int api __UNUSED) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_set_crop(..., crop)
+ * Sets which region of the next queued buffers needs to be considered.
+ * Depending on the scaling mode, a buffer's crop region is scaled and/or
+ * cropped to match the surface's size.  This function sets the crop in
+ * pre-transformed buffer pixel coordinates.
+ *
+ * The specified crop region applies to all buffers queued after it is called.
+ *
+ * If 'crop' is NULL, subsequently queued buffers won't be cropped.
+ *
+ * An error is returned if for instance the crop region is invalid, out of the
+ * buffer's bound or if the window is invalid.
+ */
+static inline int native_window_set_crop(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        android_native_rect_t const * crop)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_CROP, crop);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_set_post_transform_crop(..., crop)
+ * Sets which region of the next queued buffers needs to be considered.
+ * Depending on the scaling mode, a buffer's crop region is scaled and/or
+ * cropped to match the surface's size.  This function sets the crop in
+ * post-transformed pixel coordinates.
+ *
+ * The specified crop region applies to all buffers queued after it is called.
+ *
+ * If 'crop' is NULL, subsequently queued buffers won't be cropped.
+ *
+ * An error is returned if for instance the crop region is invalid, out of the
+ * buffer's bound or if the window is invalid.
+ */
+static inline int native_window_set_post_transform_crop(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        android_native_rect_t const * crop)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_POST_TRANSFORM_CROP, crop);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_set_active_rect(..., active_rect)
+ *
+ * This function is deprecated and will be removed soon.  For now it simply
+ * sets the post-transform crop for compatibility while multi-project commits
+ * get checked.
+ */
+static inline int native_window_set_active_rect(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        android_native_rect_t const * active_rect) __deprecated;
+
+static inline int native_window_set_active_rect(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        android_native_rect_t const * active_rect)
+{
+    return native_window_set_post_transform_crop(window, active_rect);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_set_buffer_count(..., count)
+ * Sets the number of buffers associated with this native window.
+ */
+static inline int native_window_set_buffer_count(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        size_t bufferCount)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFER_COUNT, bufferCount);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_set_buffers_geometry(..., int w, int h, int format)
+ * All buffers dequeued after this call will have the dimensions and format
+ * specified.  A successful call to this function has the same effect as calling
+ * native_window_set_buffers_size and native_window_set_buffers_format.
+ *
+ * XXX: This function is deprecated.  The native_window_set_buffers_dimensions
+ * and native_window_set_buffers_format functions should be used instead.
+ */
+static inline int native_window_set_buffers_geometry(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        int w, int h, int format) __deprecated;
+
+static inline int native_window_set_buffers_geometry(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        int w, int h, int format)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_GEOMETRY,
+            w, h, format);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_set_buffers_dimensions(..., int w, int h)
+ * All buffers dequeued after this call will have the dimensions specified.
+ * In particular, all buffers will have a fixed-size, independent from the
+ * native-window size. They will be scaled according to the scaling mode
+ * (see native_window_set_scaling_mode) upon window composition.
+ *
+ * If w and h are 0, the normal behavior is restored. That is, dequeued buffers
+ * following this call will be sized to match the window's size.
+ *
+ * Calling this function will reset the window crop to a NULL value, which
+ * disables cropping of the buffers.
+ */
+static inline int native_window_set_buffers_dimensions(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        int w, int h)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_DIMENSIONS,
+            w, h);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_set_buffers_user_dimensions(..., int w, int h)
+ *
+ * Sets the user buffer size for the window, which overrides the
+ * window's size.  All buffers dequeued after this call will have the
+ * dimensions specified unless overridden by
+ * native_window_set_buffers_dimensions.  All buffers will have a
+ * fixed-size, independent from the native-window size. They will be
+ * scaled according to the scaling mode (see
+ * native_window_set_scaling_mode) upon window composition.
+ *
+ * If w and h are 0, the normal behavior is restored. That is, the
+ * default buffer size will match the windows's size.
+ *
+ * Calling this function will reset the window crop to a NULL value, which
+ * disables cropping of the buffers.
+ */
+static inline int native_window_set_buffers_user_dimensions(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        int w, int h)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_USER_DIMENSIONS,
+            w, h);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_set_buffers_format(..., int format)
+ * All buffers dequeued after this call will have the format specified.
+ *
+ * If the specified format is 0, the default buffer format will be used.
+ */
+static inline int native_window_set_buffers_format(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        int format)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_FORMAT, format);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_set_buffers_data_space(..., int dataSpace)
+ * All buffers queued after this call will be associated with the dataSpace
+ * parameter specified.
+ *
+ * dataSpace specifies additional information about the buffer that's dependent
+ * on the buffer format and the endpoints. For example, it can be used to convey
+ * the color space of the image data in the buffer, or it can be used to
+ * indicate that the buffers contain depth measurement data instead of color
+ * images.  The default dataSpace is 0, HAL_DATASPACE_UNKNOWN, unless it has been
+ * overridden by the consumer.
+ */
+static inline int native_window_set_buffers_data_space(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        android_dataspace_t dataSpace)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_DATASPACE,
+            dataSpace);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_set_buffers_transform(..., int transform)
+ * All buffers queued after this call will be displayed transformed according
+ * to the transform parameter specified.
+ */
+static inline int native_window_set_buffers_transform(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        int transform)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_TRANSFORM,
+            transform);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_set_buffers_sticky_transform(..., int transform)
+ * All buffers queued after this call will be displayed transformed according
+ * to the transform parameter specified applied on top of the regular buffer
+ * transform.  Setting this transform will disable the transform hint.
+ *
+ * Temporary - This is only intended to be used by the LEGACY camera mode, do
+ *   not use this for anything else.
+ */
+static inline int native_window_set_buffers_sticky_transform(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        int transform)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_STICKY_TRANSFORM,
+            transform);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_set_buffers_timestamp(..., int64_t timestamp)
+ * All buffers queued after this call will be associated with the timestamp
+ * parameter specified. If the timestamp is set to NATIVE_WINDOW_TIMESTAMP_AUTO
+ * (the default), timestamps will be generated automatically when queueBuffer is
+ * called. The timestamp is measured in nanoseconds, and is normally monotonically
+ * increasing. The timestamp should be unaffected by time-of-day adjustments,
+ * and for a camera should be strictly monotonic but for a media player may be
+ * reset when the position is set.
+ */
+static inline int native_window_set_buffers_timestamp(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        int64_t timestamp)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_TIMESTAMP,
+            timestamp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_set_scaling_mode(..., int mode)
+ * All buffers queued after this call will be associated with the scaling mode
+ * specified.
+ */
+static inline int native_window_set_scaling_mode(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        int mode)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SCALING_MODE,
+            mode);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_api_connect(..., int api)
+ * connects an API to this window. only one API can be connected at a time.
+ * Returns -EINVAL if for some reason the window cannot be connected, which
+ * can happen if it's connected to some other API.
+ */
+static inline int native_window_api_connect(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window, int api)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_API_CONNECT, api);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_api_disconnect(..., int api)
+ * disconnect the API from this window.
+ * An error is returned if for instance the window wasn't connected in the
+ * first place.
+ */
+static inline int native_window_api_disconnect(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window, int api)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_API_DISCONNECT, api);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_dequeue_buffer_and_wait(...)
+ * Dequeue a buffer and wait on the fence associated with that buffer.  The
+ * buffer may safely be accessed immediately upon this function returning.  An
+ * error is returned if either of the dequeue or the wait operations fail.
+ */
+static inline int native_window_dequeue_buffer_and_wait(ANativeWindow *anw,
+        struct ANativeWindowBuffer** anb) {
+    return anw->dequeueBuffer_DEPRECATED(anw, anb);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_set_sideband_stream(..., native_handle_t*)
+ * Attach a sideband buffer stream to a native window.
+ */
+static inline int native_window_set_sideband_stream(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        native_handle_t* sidebandHandle)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SIDEBAND_STREAM,
+            sidebandHandle);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_set_surface_damage(..., android_native_rect_t* rects, int numRects)
+ * Set the surface damage (i.e., the region of the surface that has changed
+ * since the previous frame). The damage set by this call will be reset (to the
+ * default of full-surface damage) after calling queue, so this must be called
+ * prior to every frame with damage that does not cover the whole surface if the
+ * caller desires downstream consumers to use this optimization.
+ *
+ * The damage region is specified as an array of rectangles, with the important
+ * caveat that the origin of the surface is considered to be the bottom-left
+ * corner, as in OpenGL ES.
+ *
+ * If numRects is set to 0, rects may be NULL, and the surface damage will be
+ * set to the full surface (the same as if this function had not been called for
+ * this frame).
+ */
+static inline int native_window_set_surface_damage(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        const android_native_rect_t* rects, size_t numRects)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SURFACE_DAMAGE,
+            rects, numRects);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_set_shared_buffer_mode(..., bool sharedBufferMode)
+ * Enable/disable shared buffer mode
+ */
+static inline int native_window_set_shared_buffer_mode(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        bool sharedBufferMode)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SHARED_BUFFER_MODE,
+            sharedBufferMode);
+}
+
+/*
+ * native_window_set_auto_refresh(..., autoRefresh)
+ * Enable/disable auto refresh when in shared buffer mode
+ */
+static inline int native_window_set_auto_refresh(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        bool autoRefresh)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_AUTO_REFRESH, autoRefresh);
+}
+
+static inline int native_window_get_refresh_cycle_duration(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        int64_t* outRefreshDuration)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_GET_REFRESH_CYCLE_DURATION,
+            outRefreshDuration);
+}
+
+static inline int native_window_get_next_frame_id(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window, uint64_t* frameId)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_GET_NEXT_FRAME_ID, frameId);
+}
+
+static inline int native_window_enable_frame_timestamps(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window, bool enable)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_ENABLE_FRAME_TIMESTAMPS,
+            enable);
+}
+
+static inline int native_window_get_compositor_timing(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window,
+        int64_t* compositeDeadline, int64_t* compositeInterval,
+        int64_t* compositeToPresentLatency)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_GET_COMPOSITOR_TIMING,
+            compositeDeadline, compositeInterval, compositeToPresentLatency);
+}
+
+static inline int native_window_get_frame_timestamps(
+        struct ANativeWindow* window, uint64_t frameId,
+        int64_t* outRequestedPresentTime, int64_t* outAcquireTime,
+        int64_t* outLatchTime, int64_t* outFirstRefreshStartTime,
+        int64_t* outLastRefreshStartTime, int64_t* outGpuCompositionDoneTime,
+        int64_t* outDisplayPresentTime, int64_t* outDequeueReadyTime,
+        int64_t* outReleaseTime)
+{
+    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_GET_FRAME_TIMESTAMPS,
+            frameId, outRequestedPresentTime, outAcquireTime, outLatchTime,
+            outFirstRefreshStartTime, outLastRefreshStartTime,
+            outGpuCompositionDoneTime, outDisplayPresentTime,
+            outDequeueReadyTime, outReleaseTime);
+}
+
+static inline int native_window_get_wide_color_support(
+    struct ANativeWindow* window, bool* outSupport) {
+  return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_GET_WIDE_COLOR_SUPPORT,
+                         outSupport);
+}
+
+static inline int native_window_get_hdr_support(struct ANativeWindow* window,
+                                                bool* outSupport) {
+  return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_GET_HDR_SUPPORT, outSupport);
+}
+
+__END_DECLS
diff --git a/libsystem/include/system/window.h b/libsystem/include/system/window.h
index f439705..efa10d6 100644
--- a/libsystem/include/system/window.h
+++ b/libsystem/include/system/window.h
@@ -17,997 +17,6 @@
 #ifndef SYSTEM_CORE_INCLUDE_ANDROID_WINDOW_H
 #define SYSTEM_CORE_INCLUDE_ANDROID_WINDOW_H
 
-#include <cutils/native_handle.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/cdefs.h>
-#include <system/graphics.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-
-#ifndef __UNUSED
-#define __UNUSED __attribute__((__unused__))
-#endif
-#ifndef __deprecated
-#define __deprecated __attribute__((__deprecated__))
-#endif
-
-__BEGIN_DECLS
-
-/*****************************************************************************/
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-#define ANDROID_NATIVE_UNSIGNED_CAST(x) static_cast<unsigned int>(x)
-#else
-#define ANDROID_NATIVE_UNSIGNED_CAST(x) ((unsigned int)(x))
-#endif
-
-#define ANDROID_NATIVE_MAKE_CONSTANT(a,b,c,d) \
-    ((ANDROID_NATIVE_UNSIGNED_CAST(a) << 24) | \
-     (ANDROID_NATIVE_UNSIGNED_CAST(b) << 16) | \
-     (ANDROID_NATIVE_UNSIGNED_CAST(c) << 8) | \
-     (ANDROID_NATIVE_UNSIGNED_CAST(d)))
-
-#define ANDROID_NATIVE_WINDOW_MAGIC \
-    ANDROID_NATIVE_MAKE_CONSTANT('_','w','n','d')
-
-#define ANDROID_NATIVE_BUFFER_MAGIC \
-    ANDROID_NATIVE_MAKE_CONSTANT('_','b','f','r')
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-// This #define may be used to conditionally compile device-specific code to
-// support either the prior ANativeWindow interface, which did not pass libsync
-// fences around, or the new interface that does.  This #define is only present
-// when the ANativeWindow interface does include libsync support.
-#define ANDROID_NATIVE_WINDOW_HAS_SYNC 1
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-typedef const native_handle_t* buffer_handle_t;
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-typedef struct android_native_rect_t
-{
-    int32_t left;
-    int32_t top;
-    int32_t right;
-    int32_t bottom;
-} android_native_rect_t;
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-typedef struct android_native_base_t
-{
-    /* a magic value defined by the actual EGL native type */
-    int magic;
-
-    /* the sizeof() of the actual EGL native type */
-    int version;
-
-    void* reserved[4];
-
-    /* reference-counting interface */
-    void (*incRef)(struct android_native_base_t* base);
-    void (*decRef)(struct android_native_base_t* base);
-} android_native_base_t;
-
-typedef struct ANativeWindowBuffer
-{
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-    ANativeWindowBuffer() {
-        common.magic = ANDROID_NATIVE_BUFFER_MAGIC;
-        common.version = sizeof(ANativeWindowBuffer);
-        memset(common.reserved, 0, sizeof(common.reserved));
-    }
-
-    // Implement the methods that sp<ANativeWindowBuffer> expects so that it
-    // can be used to automatically refcount ANativeWindowBuffer's.
-    void incStrong(const void* /*id*/) const {
-        common.incRef(const_cast<android_native_base_t*>(&common));
-    }
-    void decStrong(const void* /*id*/) const {
-        common.decRef(const_cast<android_native_base_t*>(&common));
-    }
-#endif
-
-    struct android_native_base_t common;
-
-    int width;
-    int height;
-    int stride;
-    int format;
-    int usage;
-
-    void* reserved[2];
-
-    buffer_handle_t handle;
-
-    void* reserved_proc[8];
-} ANativeWindowBuffer_t;
-
-// Old typedef for backwards compatibility.
-typedef ANativeWindowBuffer_t android_native_buffer_t;
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-/* attributes queriable with query() */
-enum {
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_WIDTH     = 0,
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_HEIGHT    = 1,
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_FORMAT    = 2,
-
-    /* The minimum number of buffers that must remain un-dequeued after a buffer
-     * has been queued.  This value applies only if set_buffer_count was used to
-     * override the number of buffers and if a buffer has since been queued.
-     * Users of the set_buffer_count ANativeWindow method should query this
-     * value before calling set_buffer_count.  If it is necessary to have N
-     * buffers simultaneously dequeued as part of the steady-state operation,
-     * and this query returns M then N+M buffers should be requested via
-     * native_window_set_buffer_count.
-     *
-     * Note that this value does NOT apply until a single buffer has been
-     * queued.  In particular this means that it is possible to:
-     *
-     * 1. Query M = min undequeued buffers
-     * 2. Set the buffer count to N + M
-     * 3. Dequeue all N + M buffers
-     * 4. Cancel M buffers
-     * 5. Queue, dequeue, queue, dequeue, ad infinitum
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_MIN_UNDEQUEUED_BUFFERS = 3,
-
-    /* Check whether queueBuffer operations on the ANativeWindow send the buffer
-     * to the window compositor.  The query sets the returned 'value' argument
-     * to 1 if the ANativeWindow DOES send queued buffers directly to the window
-     * compositor and 0 if the buffers do not go directly to the window
-     * compositor.
-     *
-     * This can be used to determine whether protected buffer content should be
-     * sent to the ANativeWindow.  Note, however, that a result of 1 does NOT
-     * indicate that queued buffers will be protected from applications or users
-     * capturing their contents.  If that behavior is desired then some other
-     * mechanism (e.g. the GRALLOC_USAGE_PROTECTED flag) should be used in
-     * conjunction with this query.
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_QUEUES_TO_WINDOW_COMPOSER = 4,
-
-    /* Get the concrete type of a ANativeWindow.  See below for the list of
-     * possible return values.
-     *
-     * This query should not be used outside the Android framework and will
-     * likely be removed in the near future.
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_CONCRETE_TYPE = 5,
-
-
-    /*
-     * Default width and height of ANativeWindow buffers, these are the
-     * dimensions of the window buffers irrespective of the
-     * NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_DIMENSIONS call and match the native window
-     * size unless overridden by NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_USER_DIMENSIONS.
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_DEFAULT_WIDTH = 6,
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 7,
-
-    /*
-     * transformation that will most-likely be applied to buffers. This is only
-     * a hint, the actual transformation applied might be different.
-     *
-     * INTENDED USE:
-     *
-     * The transform hint can be used by a producer, for instance the GLES
-     * driver, to pre-rotate the rendering such that the final transformation
-     * in the composer is identity. This can be very useful when used in
-     * conjunction with the h/w composer HAL, in situations where it
-     * cannot handle arbitrary rotations.
-     *
-     * 1. Before dequeuing a buffer, the GL driver (or any other ANW client)
-     *    queries the ANW for NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_HINT.
-     *
-     * 2. The GL driver overrides the width and height of the ANW to
-     *    account for NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_HINT. This is done by querying
-     *    NATIVE_WINDOW_DEFAULT_{WIDTH | HEIGHT}, swapping the dimensions
-     *    according to NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_HINT and calling
-     *    native_window_set_buffers_dimensions().
-     *
-     * 3. The GL driver dequeues a buffer of the new pre-rotated size.
-     *
-     * 4. The GL driver renders to the buffer such that the image is
-     *    already transformed, that is applying NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_HINT
-     *    to the rendering.
-     *
-     * 5. The GL driver calls native_window_set_transform to apply
-     *    inverse transformation to the buffer it just rendered.
-     *    In order to do this, the GL driver needs
-     *    to calculate the inverse of NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_HINT, this is
-     *    done easily:
-     *
-     *        int hintTransform, inverseTransform;
-     *        query(..., NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_HINT, &hintTransform);
-     *        inverseTransform = hintTransform;
-     *        if (hintTransform & HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_90)
-     *            inverseTransform ^= HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_180;
-     *
-     *
-     * 6. The GL driver queues the pre-transformed buffer.
-     *
-     * 7. The composer combines the buffer transform with the display
-     *    transform.  If the buffer transform happens to cancel out the
-     *    display transform then no rotation is needed.
-     *
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_HINT = 8,
-
-    /*
-     * Boolean that indicates whether the consumer is running more than
-     * one buffer behind the producer.
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_CONSUMER_RUNNING_BEHIND = 9,
-
-    /*
-     * The consumer gralloc usage bits currently set by the consumer.
-     * The values are defined in hardware/libhardware/include/gralloc.h.
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_CONSUMER_USAGE_BITS = 10,
-
-    /**
-     * Transformation that will by applied to buffers by the hwcomposer.
-     * This must not be set or checked by producer endpoints, and will
-     * disable the transform hint set in SurfaceFlinger (see
-     * NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_HINT).
-     *
-     * INTENDED USE:
-     * Temporary - Please do not use this.  This is intended only to be used
-     * by the camera's LEGACY mode.
-     *
-     * In situations where a SurfaceFlinger client wishes to set a transform
-     * that is not visible to the producer, and will always be applied in the
-     * hardware composer, the client can set this flag with
-     * native_window_set_buffers_sticky_transform.  This can be used to rotate
-     * and flip buffers consumed by hardware composer without actually changing
-     * the aspect ratio of the buffers produced.
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_STICKY_TRANSFORM = 11,
-
-    /**
-     * The default data space for the buffers as set by the consumer.
-     * The values are defined in graphics.h.
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_DEFAULT_DATASPACE = 12,
-
-    /*
-     * Returns the age of the contents of the most recently dequeued buffer as
-     * the number of frames that have elapsed since it was last queued. For
-     * example, if the window is double-buffered, the age of any given buffer in
-     * steady state will be 2. If the dequeued buffer has never been queued, its
-     * age will be 0.
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_BUFFER_AGE = 13,
-
-    /*
-     * Returns the duration of the last dequeueBuffer call in microseconds
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_LAST_DEQUEUE_DURATION = 14,
-
-    /*
-     * Returns the duration of the last queueBuffer call in microseconds
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_LAST_QUEUE_DURATION = 15,
-};
-
-/* Valid operations for the (*perform)() hook.
- *
- * Values marked as 'deprecated' are supported, but have been superceded by
- * other functionality.
- *
- * Values marked as 'private' should be considered private to the framework.
- * HAL implementation code with access to an ANativeWindow should not use these,
- * as it may not interact properly with the framework's use of the
- * ANativeWindow.
- */
-enum {
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_USAGE                 =  0,
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_CONNECT                   =  1,   /* deprecated */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_DISCONNECT                =  2,   /* deprecated */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_CROP                  =  3,   /* private */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFER_COUNT          =  4,
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_GEOMETRY      =  5,   /* deprecated */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_TRANSFORM     =  6,
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_TIMESTAMP     =  7,
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_DIMENSIONS    =  8,
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_FORMAT        =  9,
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SCALING_MODE          = 10,   /* private */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_LOCK                      = 11,   /* private */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_UNLOCK_AND_POST           = 12,   /* private */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_API_CONNECT               = 13,   /* private */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_API_DISCONNECT            = 14,   /* private */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_USER_DIMENSIONS = 15, /* private */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_POST_TRANSFORM_CROP   = 16,   /* private */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_STICKY_TRANSFORM = 17,/* private */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SIDEBAND_STREAM       = 18,
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_DATASPACE     = 19,
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SURFACE_DAMAGE        = 20,   /* private */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SHARED_BUFFER_MODE    = 21,
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_AUTO_REFRESH          = 22,
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_GET_FRAME_TIMESTAMPS      = 23,
-};
-
-/* parameter for NATIVE_WINDOW_[API_][DIS]CONNECT */
-enum {
-    /* Buffers will be queued by EGL via eglSwapBuffers after being filled using
-     * OpenGL ES.
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_API_EGL = 1,
-
-    /* Buffers will be queued after being filled using the CPU
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_API_CPU = 2,
-
-    /* Buffers will be queued by Stagefright after being filled by a video
-     * decoder.  The video decoder can either be a software or hardware decoder.
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_API_MEDIA = 3,
-
-    /* Buffers will be queued by the the camera HAL.
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_API_CAMERA = 4,
-};
-
-/* parameter for NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_TRANSFORM */
-enum {
-    /* flip source image horizontally */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H = HAL_TRANSFORM_FLIP_H ,
-    /* flip source image vertically */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V = HAL_TRANSFORM_FLIP_V,
-    /* rotate source image 90 degrees clock-wise, and is applied after TRANSFORM_FLIP_{H|V} */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_ROT_90 = HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_90,
-    /* rotate source image 180 degrees */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_ROT_180 = HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_180,
-    /* rotate source image 270 degrees clock-wise */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_ROT_270 = HAL_TRANSFORM_ROT_270,
-    /* transforms source by the inverse transform of the screen it is displayed onto. This
-     * transform is applied last */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_TRANSFORM_INVERSE_DISPLAY = 0x08
-};
-
-/* parameter for NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SCALING_MODE
- * keep in sync with Surface.java in frameworks/base */
-enum {
-    /* the window content is not updated (frozen) until a buffer of
-     * the window size is received (enqueued)
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SCALING_MODE_FREEZE           = 0,
-    /* the buffer is scaled in both dimensions to match the window size */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SCALING_MODE_SCALE_TO_WINDOW  = 1,
-    /* the buffer is scaled uniformly such that the smaller dimension
-     * of the buffer matches the window size (cropping in the process)
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SCALING_MODE_SCALE_CROP       = 2,
-    /* the window is clipped to the size of the buffer's crop rectangle; pixels
-     * outside the crop rectangle are treated as if they are completely
-     * transparent.
-     */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SCALING_MODE_NO_SCALE_CROP    = 3,
-};
-
-/* values returned by the NATIVE_WINDOW_CONCRETE_TYPE query */
-enum {
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_FRAMEBUFFER               = 0, /* FramebufferNativeWindow */
-    NATIVE_WINDOW_SURFACE                   = 1, /* Surface */
-};
-
-/* parameter for NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_TIMESTAMP
- *
- * Special timestamp value to indicate that timestamps should be auto-generated
- * by the native window when queueBuffer is called.  This is equal to INT64_MIN,
- * defined directly to avoid problems with C99/C++ inclusion of stdint.h.
- */
-static const int64_t NATIVE_WINDOW_TIMESTAMP_AUTO = (-9223372036854775807LL-1);
-
-struct ANativeWindow
-{
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-    ANativeWindow()
-        : flags(0), minSwapInterval(0), maxSwapInterval(0), xdpi(0), ydpi(0)
-    {
-        common.magic = ANDROID_NATIVE_WINDOW_MAGIC;
-        common.version = sizeof(ANativeWindow);
-        memset(common.reserved, 0, sizeof(common.reserved));
-    }
-
-    /* Implement the methods that sp<ANativeWindow> expects so that it
-       can be used to automatically refcount ANativeWindow's. */
-    void incStrong(const void* /*id*/) const {
-        common.incRef(const_cast<android_native_base_t*>(&common));
-    }
-    void decStrong(const void* /*id*/) const {
-        common.decRef(const_cast<android_native_base_t*>(&common));
-    }
-#endif
-
-    struct android_native_base_t common;
-
-    /* flags describing some attributes of this surface or its updater */
-    const uint32_t flags;
-
-    /* min swap interval supported by this updated */
-    const int   minSwapInterval;
-
-    /* max swap interval supported by this updated */
-    const int   maxSwapInterval;
-
-    /* horizontal and vertical resolution in DPI */
-    const float xdpi;
-    const float ydpi;
-
-    /* Some storage reserved for the OEM's driver. */
-    intptr_t    oem[4];
-
-    /*
-     * Set the swap interval for this surface.
-     *
-     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
-     */
-    int     (*setSwapInterval)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
-                int interval);
-
-    /*
-     * Hook called by EGL to acquire a buffer. After this call, the buffer
-     * is not locked, so its content cannot be modified. This call may block if
-     * no buffers are available.
-     *
-     * The window holds a reference to the buffer between dequeueBuffer and
-     * either queueBuffer or cancelBuffer, so clients only need their own
-     * reference if they might use the buffer after queueing or canceling it.
-     * Holding a reference to a buffer after queueing or canceling it is only
-     * allowed if a specific buffer count has been set.
-     *
-     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
-     *
-     * XXX: This function is deprecated.  It will continue to work for some
-     * time for binary compatibility, but the new dequeueBuffer function that
-     * outputs a fence file descriptor should be used in its place.
-     */
-    int     (*dequeueBuffer_DEPRECATED)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
-                struct ANativeWindowBuffer** buffer);
-
-    /*
-     * hook called by EGL to lock a buffer. This MUST be called before modifying
-     * the content of a buffer. The buffer must have been acquired with
-     * dequeueBuffer first.
-     *
-     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
-     *
-     * XXX: This function is deprecated.  It will continue to work for some
-     * time for binary compatibility, but it is essentially a no-op, and calls
-     * to it should be removed.
-     */
-    int     (*lockBuffer_DEPRECATED)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
-                struct ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer);
-
-    /*
-     * Hook called by EGL when modifications to the render buffer are done.
-     * This unlocks and post the buffer.
-     *
-     * The window holds a reference to the buffer between dequeueBuffer and
-     * either queueBuffer or cancelBuffer, so clients only need their own
-     * reference if they might use the buffer after queueing or canceling it.
-     * Holding a reference to a buffer after queueing or canceling it is only
-     * allowed if a specific buffer count has been set.
-     *
-     * Buffers MUST be queued in the same order than they were dequeued.
-     *
-     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
-     *
-     * XXX: This function is deprecated.  It will continue to work for some
-     * time for binary compatibility, but the new queueBuffer function that
-     * takes a fence file descriptor should be used in its place (pass a value
-     * of -1 for the fence file descriptor if there is no valid one to pass).
-     */
-    int     (*queueBuffer_DEPRECATED)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
-                struct ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer);
-
-    /*
-     * hook used to retrieve information about the native window.
-     *
-     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
-     */
-    int     (*query)(const struct ANativeWindow* window,
-                int what, int* value);
-
-    /*
-     * hook used to perform various operations on the surface.
-     * (*perform)() is a generic mechanism to add functionality to
-     * ANativeWindow while keeping backward binary compatibility.
-     *
-     * DO NOT CALL THIS HOOK DIRECTLY.  Instead, use the helper functions
-     * defined below.
-     *
-     * (*perform)() returns -ENOENT if the 'what' parameter is not supported
-     * by the surface's implementation.
-     *
-     * See above for a list of valid operations, such as
-     * NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_USAGE or NATIVE_WINDOW_CONNECT
-     */
-    int     (*perform)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
-                int operation, ... );
-
-    /*
-     * Hook used to cancel a buffer that has been dequeued.
-     * No synchronization is performed between dequeue() and cancel(), so
-     * either external synchronization is needed, or these functions must be
-     * called from the same thread.
-     *
-     * The window holds a reference to the buffer between dequeueBuffer and
-     * either queueBuffer or cancelBuffer, so clients only need their own
-     * reference if they might use the buffer after queueing or canceling it.
-     * Holding a reference to a buffer after queueing or canceling it is only
-     * allowed if a specific buffer count has been set.
-     *
-     * XXX: This function is deprecated.  It will continue to work for some
-     * time for binary compatibility, but the new cancelBuffer function that
-     * takes a fence file descriptor should be used in its place (pass a value
-     * of -1 for the fence file descriptor if there is no valid one to pass).
-     */
-    int     (*cancelBuffer_DEPRECATED)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
-                struct ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer);
-
-    /*
-     * Hook called by EGL to acquire a buffer. This call may block if no
-     * buffers are available.
-     *
-     * The window holds a reference to the buffer between dequeueBuffer and
-     * either queueBuffer or cancelBuffer, so clients only need their own
-     * reference if they might use the buffer after queueing or canceling it.
-     * Holding a reference to a buffer after queueing or canceling it is only
-     * allowed if a specific buffer count has been set.
-     *
-     * The libsync fence file descriptor returned in the int pointed to by the
-     * fenceFd argument will refer to the fence that must signal before the
-     * dequeued buffer may be written to.  A value of -1 indicates that the
-     * caller may access the buffer immediately without waiting on a fence.  If
-     * a valid file descriptor is returned (i.e. any value except -1) then the
-     * caller is responsible for closing the file descriptor.
-     *
-     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
-     */
-    int     (*dequeueBuffer)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
-                struct ANativeWindowBuffer** buffer, int* fenceFd);
-
-    /*
-     * Hook called by EGL when modifications to the render buffer are done.
-     * This unlocks and post the buffer.
-     *
-     * The window holds a reference to the buffer between dequeueBuffer and
-     * either queueBuffer or cancelBuffer, so clients only need their own
-     * reference if they might use the buffer after queueing or canceling it.
-     * Holding a reference to a buffer after queueing or canceling it is only
-     * allowed if a specific buffer count has been set.
-     *
-     * The fenceFd argument specifies a libsync fence file descriptor for a
-     * fence that must signal before the buffer can be accessed.  If the buffer
-     * can be accessed immediately then a value of -1 should be used.  The
-     * caller must not use the file descriptor after it is passed to
-     * queueBuffer, and the ANativeWindow implementation is responsible for
-     * closing it.
-     *
-     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
-     */
-    int     (*queueBuffer)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
-                struct ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer, int fenceFd);
-
-    /*
-     * Hook used to cancel a buffer that has been dequeued.
-     * No synchronization is performed between dequeue() and cancel(), so
-     * either external synchronization is needed, or these functions must be
-     * called from the same thread.
-     *
-     * The window holds a reference to the buffer between dequeueBuffer and
-     * either queueBuffer or cancelBuffer, so clients only need their own
-     * reference if they might use the buffer after queueing or canceling it.
-     * Holding a reference to a buffer after queueing or canceling it is only
-     * allowed if a specific buffer count has been set.
-     *
-     * The fenceFd argument specifies a libsync fence file decsriptor for a
-     * fence that must signal before the buffer can be accessed.  If the buffer
-     * can be accessed immediately then a value of -1 should be used.
-     *
-     * Note that if the client has not waited on the fence that was returned
-     * from dequeueBuffer, that same fence should be passed to cancelBuffer to
-     * ensure that future uses of the buffer are preceded by a wait on that
-     * fence.  The caller must not use the file descriptor after it is passed
-     * to cancelBuffer, and the ANativeWindow implementation is responsible for
-     * closing it.
-     *
-     * Returns 0 on success or -errno on error.
-     */
-    int     (*cancelBuffer)(struct ANativeWindow* window,
-                struct ANativeWindowBuffer* buffer, int fenceFd);
-};
-
- /* Backwards compatibility: use ANativeWindow (struct ANativeWindow in C).
-  * android_native_window_t is deprecated.
-  */
-typedef struct ANativeWindow ANativeWindow;
-typedef struct ANativeWindow android_native_window_t __deprecated;
-
-/*
- *  native_window_set_usage(..., usage)
- *  Sets the intended usage flags for the next buffers
- *  acquired with (*lockBuffer)() and on.
- *  By default (if this function is never called), a usage of
- *      GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_RENDER | GRALLOC_USAGE_HW_TEXTURE
- *  is assumed.
- *  Calling this function will usually cause following buffers to be
- *  reallocated.
- */
-
-static inline int native_window_set_usage(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window, int usage)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_USAGE, usage);
-}
-
-/* deprecated. Always returns 0. Don't call. */
-static inline int native_window_connect(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window __UNUSED, int api __UNUSED) __deprecated;
-
-static inline int native_window_connect(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window __UNUSED, int api __UNUSED) {
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/* deprecated. Always returns 0. Don't call. */
-static inline int native_window_disconnect(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window __UNUSED, int api __UNUSED) __deprecated;
-
-static inline int native_window_disconnect(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window __UNUSED, int api __UNUSED) {
-    return 0;
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_set_crop(..., crop)
- * Sets which region of the next queued buffers needs to be considered.
- * Depending on the scaling mode, a buffer's crop region is scaled and/or
- * cropped to match the surface's size.  This function sets the crop in
- * pre-transformed buffer pixel coordinates.
- *
- * The specified crop region applies to all buffers queued after it is called.
- *
- * If 'crop' is NULL, subsequently queued buffers won't be cropped.
- *
- * An error is returned if for instance the crop region is invalid, out of the
- * buffer's bound or if the window is invalid.
- */
-static inline int native_window_set_crop(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        android_native_rect_t const * crop)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_CROP, crop);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_set_post_transform_crop(..., crop)
- * Sets which region of the next queued buffers needs to be considered.
- * Depending on the scaling mode, a buffer's crop region is scaled and/or
- * cropped to match the surface's size.  This function sets the crop in
- * post-transformed pixel coordinates.
- *
- * The specified crop region applies to all buffers queued after it is called.
- *
- * If 'crop' is NULL, subsequently queued buffers won't be cropped.
- *
- * An error is returned if for instance the crop region is invalid, out of the
- * buffer's bound or if the window is invalid.
- */
-static inline int native_window_set_post_transform_crop(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        android_native_rect_t const * crop)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_POST_TRANSFORM_CROP, crop);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_set_active_rect(..., active_rect)
- *
- * This function is deprecated and will be removed soon.  For now it simply
- * sets the post-transform crop for compatibility while multi-project commits
- * get checked.
- */
-static inline int native_window_set_active_rect(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        android_native_rect_t const * active_rect) __deprecated;
-
-static inline int native_window_set_active_rect(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        android_native_rect_t const * active_rect)
-{
-    return native_window_set_post_transform_crop(window, active_rect);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_set_buffer_count(..., count)
- * Sets the number of buffers associated with this native window.
- */
-static inline int native_window_set_buffer_count(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        size_t bufferCount)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFER_COUNT, bufferCount);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_set_buffers_geometry(..., int w, int h, int format)
- * All buffers dequeued after this call will have the dimensions and format
- * specified.  A successful call to this function has the same effect as calling
- * native_window_set_buffers_size and native_window_set_buffers_format.
- *
- * XXX: This function is deprecated.  The native_window_set_buffers_dimensions
- * and native_window_set_buffers_format functions should be used instead.
- */
-static inline int native_window_set_buffers_geometry(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        int w, int h, int format) __deprecated;
-
-static inline int native_window_set_buffers_geometry(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        int w, int h, int format)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_GEOMETRY,
-            w, h, format);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_set_buffers_dimensions(..., int w, int h)
- * All buffers dequeued after this call will have the dimensions specified.
- * In particular, all buffers will have a fixed-size, independent from the
- * native-window size. They will be scaled according to the scaling mode
- * (see native_window_set_scaling_mode) upon window composition.
- *
- * If w and h are 0, the normal behavior is restored. That is, dequeued buffers
- * following this call will be sized to match the window's size.
- *
- * Calling this function will reset the window crop to a NULL value, which
- * disables cropping of the buffers.
- */
-static inline int native_window_set_buffers_dimensions(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        int w, int h)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_DIMENSIONS,
-            w, h);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_set_buffers_user_dimensions(..., int w, int h)
- *
- * Sets the user buffer size for the window, which overrides the
- * window's size.  All buffers dequeued after this call will have the
- * dimensions specified unless overridden by
- * native_window_set_buffers_dimensions.  All buffers will have a
- * fixed-size, independent from the native-window size. They will be
- * scaled according to the scaling mode (see
- * native_window_set_scaling_mode) upon window composition.
- *
- * If w and h are 0, the normal behavior is restored. That is, the
- * default buffer size will match the windows's size.
- *
- * Calling this function will reset the window crop to a NULL value, which
- * disables cropping of the buffers.
- */
-static inline int native_window_set_buffers_user_dimensions(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        int w, int h)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_USER_DIMENSIONS,
-            w, h);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_set_buffers_format(..., int format)
- * All buffers dequeued after this call will have the format specified.
- *
- * If the specified format is 0, the default buffer format will be used.
- */
-static inline int native_window_set_buffers_format(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        int format)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_FORMAT, format);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_set_buffers_data_space(..., int dataSpace)
- * All buffers queued after this call will be associated with the dataSpace
- * parameter specified.
- *
- * dataSpace specifies additional information about the buffer that's dependent
- * on the buffer format and the endpoints. For example, it can be used to convey
- * the color space of the image data in the buffer, or it can be used to
- * indicate that the buffers contain depth measurement data instead of color
- * images.  The default dataSpace is 0, HAL_DATASPACE_UNKNOWN, unless it has been
- * overridden by the consumer.
- */
-static inline int native_window_set_buffers_data_space(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        android_dataspace_t dataSpace)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_DATASPACE,
-            dataSpace);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_set_buffers_transform(..., int transform)
- * All buffers queued after this call will be displayed transformed according
- * to the transform parameter specified.
- */
-static inline int native_window_set_buffers_transform(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        int transform)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_TRANSFORM,
-            transform);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_set_buffers_sticky_transform(..., int transform)
- * All buffers queued after this call will be displayed transformed according
- * to the transform parameter specified applied on top of the regular buffer
- * transform.  Setting this transform will disable the transform hint.
- *
- * Temporary - This is only intended to be used by the LEGACY camera mode, do
- *   not use this for anything else.
- */
-static inline int native_window_set_buffers_sticky_transform(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        int transform)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_STICKY_TRANSFORM,
-            transform);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_set_buffers_timestamp(..., int64_t timestamp)
- * All buffers queued after this call will be associated with the timestamp
- * parameter specified. If the timestamp is set to NATIVE_WINDOW_TIMESTAMP_AUTO
- * (the default), timestamps will be generated automatically when queueBuffer is
- * called. The timestamp is measured in nanoseconds, and is normally monotonically
- * increasing. The timestamp should be unaffected by time-of-day adjustments,
- * and for a camera should be strictly monotonic but for a media player may be
- * reset when the position is set.
- */
-static inline int native_window_set_buffers_timestamp(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        int64_t timestamp)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_BUFFERS_TIMESTAMP,
-            timestamp);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_set_scaling_mode(..., int mode)
- * All buffers queued after this call will be associated with the scaling mode
- * specified.
- */
-static inline int native_window_set_scaling_mode(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        int mode)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SCALING_MODE,
-            mode);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_api_connect(..., int api)
- * connects an API to this window. only one API can be connected at a time.
- * Returns -EINVAL if for some reason the window cannot be connected, which
- * can happen if it's connected to some other API.
- */
-static inline int native_window_api_connect(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window, int api)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_API_CONNECT, api);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_api_disconnect(..., int api)
- * disconnect the API from this window.
- * An error is returned if for instance the window wasn't connected in the
- * first place.
- */
-static inline int native_window_api_disconnect(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window, int api)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_API_DISCONNECT, api);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_dequeue_buffer_and_wait(...)
- * Dequeue a buffer and wait on the fence associated with that buffer.  The
- * buffer may safely be accessed immediately upon this function returning.  An
- * error is returned if either of the dequeue or the wait operations fail.
- */
-static inline int native_window_dequeue_buffer_and_wait(ANativeWindow *anw,
-        struct ANativeWindowBuffer** anb) {
-    return anw->dequeueBuffer_DEPRECATED(anw, anb);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_set_sideband_stream(..., native_handle_t*)
- * Attach a sideband buffer stream to a native window.
- */
-static inline int native_window_set_sideband_stream(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        native_handle_t* sidebandHandle)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SIDEBAND_STREAM,
-            sidebandHandle);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_set_surface_damage(..., android_native_rect_t* rects, int numRects)
- * Set the surface damage (i.e., the region of the surface that has changed
- * since the previous frame). The damage set by this call will be reset (to the
- * default of full-surface damage) after calling queue, so this must be called
- * prior to every frame with damage that does not cover the whole surface if the
- * caller desires downstream consumers to use this optimization.
- *
- * The damage region is specified as an array of rectangles, with the important
- * caveat that the origin of the surface is considered to be the bottom-left
- * corner, as in OpenGL ES.
- *
- * If numRects is set to 0, rects may be NULL, and the surface damage will be
- * set to the full surface (the same as if this function had not been called for
- * this frame).
- */
-static inline int native_window_set_surface_damage(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        const android_native_rect_t* rects, size_t numRects)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SURFACE_DAMAGE,
-            rects, numRects);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_set_shared_buffer_mode(..., bool sharedBufferMode)
- * Enable/disable shared buffer mode
- */
-static inline int native_window_set_shared_buffer_mode(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        bool sharedBufferMode)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_SHARED_BUFFER_MODE,
-            sharedBufferMode);
-}
-
-/*
- * native_window_set_auto_refresh(..., autoRefresh)
- * Enable/disable auto refresh when in shared buffer mode
- */
-static inline int native_window_set_auto_refresh(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window,
-        bool autoRefresh)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_SET_AUTO_REFRESH, autoRefresh);
-}
-
-static inline int native_window_get_frame_timestamps(
-        struct ANativeWindow* window, uint32_t framesAgo,
-        int64_t* outPostedTime, int64_t* outAcquireTime,
-        int64_t* outRefreshStartTime, int64_t* outGlCompositionDoneTime,
-        int64_t* outDisplayRetireTime, int64_t* outReleaseTime)
-{
-    return window->perform(window, NATIVE_WINDOW_GET_FRAME_TIMESTAMPS,
-            framesAgo, outPostedTime, outAcquireTime, outRefreshStartTime,
-            outGlCompositionDoneTime, outDisplayRetireTime, outReleaseTime);
-}
-
-
-__END_DECLS
+#include <system/window-deprecated.h>
 
 #endif /* SYSTEM_CORE_INCLUDE_ANDROID_WINDOW_H */
diff --git a/libsysutils/Android.bp b/libsysutils/Android.bp
index 550ef42..d076a1a 100644
--- a/libsysutils/Android.bp
+++ b/libsysutils/Android.bp
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "libsysutils",
     vendor_available: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+    },
 
     srcs: [
         "src/SocketListener.cpp",
diff --git a/libsysutils/src/FrameworkListener.cpp b/libsysutils/src/FrameworkListener.cpp
index 6f76e76..87e2684 100644
--- a/libsysutils/src/FrameworkListener.cpp
+++ b/libsysutils/src/FrameworkListener.cpp
@@ -211,7 +211,6 @@
     return;
 
 overflow:
-    LOG_EVENT_INT(78001, cli->getUid());
     cli->sendMsg(500, "Command too long", false);
     goto out;
 }
diff --git a/libsysutils/src/NetlinkListener.cpp b/libsysutils/src/NetlinkListener.cpp
index 896dad3..aad0394 100644
--- a/libsysutils/src/NetlinkListener.cpp
+++ b/libsysutils/src/NetlinkListener.cpp
@@ -57,8 +57,6 @@
     count = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(uevent_kernel_recv(socket,
             mBuffer, sizeof(mBuffer), require_group, &uid));
     if (count < 0) {
-        if (uid > 0)
-            LOG_EVENT_INT(65537, uid);
         SLOGE("recvmsg failed (%s)", strerror(errno));
         return false;
     }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Android.bp b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
index d7e949b..e1957ca 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Android.bp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
@@ -29,21 +29,21 @@
         darwin: {
             enabled: false,
         },
-    },
-
-    multilib: {
-        lib32: {
-            suffix: "32",
-        },
-        lib64: {
-            suffix: "64",
+        linux_bionic: {
+            enabled: true,
         },
     },
 }
 
-cc_defaults {
-    name: "libunwindstack_common",
+cc_library {
+    name: "libunwindstack",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+        support_system_process: true,
+    },
     defaults: ["libunwindstack_flags"],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 
     srcs: [
         "ArmExidx.cpp",
@@ -57,40 +57,41 @@
         "ElfInterface.cpp",
         "ElfInterfaceArm.cpp",
         "Log.cpp",
-        "Regs.cpp",
         "MapInfo.cpp",
         "Maps.cpp",
         "Memory.cpp",
+        "Regs.cpp",
         "Symbols.cpp",
     ],
 
+    target: {
+        // Always disable optimizations for host to make it easier to debug.
+        linux: {
+            cflags: ["-O0", "-g"],
+        },
+    },
+
+    arch: {
+        x86: {
+            srcs: ["AsmGetRegsX86.S"],
+        },
+        x86_64: {
+            srcs: ["AsmGetRegsX86_64.S"],
+        },
+    },
+
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "liblog",
-    ],
-}
-
-cc_library {
-    name: "libunwindstack",
-    defaults: ["libunwindstack_common"],
-}
-
-cc_library {
-    name: "libunwindstack_debug",
-    defaults: ["libunwindstack_common"],
-
-    cflags: [
-        "-UNDEBUG",
-        "-O0",
-        "-g",
+        "liblzma",
     ],
 }
 
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Unit Tests
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-cc_defaults {
-    name: "libunwindstack_test_common",
+cc_test {
+    name: "libunwindstack_test",
     defaults: ["libunwindstack_flags"],
 
     srcs: [
@@ -108,16 +109,21 @@
         "tests/ElfInterfaceArmTest.cpp",
         "tests/ElfInterfaceTest.cpp",
         "tests/ElfTest.cpp",
+        "tests/ElfTestUtils.cpp",
         "tests/LogFake.cpp",
-        "tests/MapInfoTest.cpp",
+        "tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp",
         "tests/MapsTest.cpp",
+        "tests/MemoryBufferTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryFake.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryFileTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryLocalTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp",
+        "tests/MemoryTest.cpp",
+        "tests/RegsStepIfSignalHandlerTest.cpp",
         "tests/RegsTest.cpp",
         "tests/SymbolsTest.cpp",
+        "tests/UnwindTest.cpp",
     ],
 
     cflags: [
@@ -128,6 +134,8 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "liblog",
+        "liblzma",
+        "libunwindstack",
     ],
 
     static_libs: [
@@ -141,52 +149,69 @@
             ],
         },
     },
-}
 
-// These unit tests run against the shared library.
-cc_test {
-    name: "libunwindstack_test",
-    defaults: ["libunwindstack_test_common"],
-
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libunwindstack",
-    ],
-}
-
-// These unit tests run against the static debug library.
-cc_test {
-    name: "libunwindstack_test_debug",
-    defaults: ["libunwindstack_test_common"],
-
-    static_libs: [
-        "libunwindstack_debug",
+    data: [
+        "tests/files/elf32.xz",
+        "tests/files/elf64.xz",
     ],
 }
 
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Utility Executables
+// Tools
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 cc_defaults {
-    name: "libunwindstack_executables",
+    name: "libunwindstack_tools",
     defaults: ["libunwindstack_flags"],
 
     shared_libs: [
         "libunwindstack",
         "libbase",
+        "liblzma",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "unwind",
+    defaults: ["libunwindstack_tools"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "tools/unwind.cpp",
     ],
 
-    static_libs: [
-        "liblog",
-    ],
-
-    compile_multilib: "both",
+    target: {
+        linux: {
+            host_ldlibs: [
+                "-lrt",
+            ],
+        },
+    },
 }
 
 cc_binary {
     name: "unwind_info",
-    defaults: ["libunwindstack_executables"],
+    defaults: ["libunwindstack_tools"],
 
     srcs: [
-        "unwind_info.cpp",
+        "tools/unwind_info.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "unwind_symbols",
+    defaults: ["libunwindstack_tools"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "tools/unwind_symbols.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+// Generates the elf data for use in the tests for .gnu_debugdata frames.
+// Once these files are generated, use the xz command to compress the data.
+cc_binary_host {
+    name: "gen_gnudebugdata",
+    defaults: ["libunwindstack_flags"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "tests/GenGnuDebugdata.cpp",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/ArmExidx.cpp b/libunwindstack/ArmExidx.cpp
index 12adf57..fed3e0e 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/ArmExidx.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/ArmExidx.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <assert.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 #include <deque>
@@ -22,11 +21,15 @@
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 
+#include <unwindstack/Log.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
+
 #include "ArmExidx.h"
-#include "Log.h"
+#include "Check.h"
 #include "Machine.h"
-#include "Memory.h"
-#include "Regs.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 void ArmExidx::LogRawData() {
   std::string log_str("Raw Data:");
@@ -173,7 +176,7 @@
 }
 
 inline bool ArmExidx::DecodePrefix_10_00(uint8_t byte) {
-  assert((byte >> 4) == 0x8);
+  CHECK((byte >> 4) == 0x8);
 
   uint16_t registers = (byte & 0xf) << 8;
   if (!GetByte(&byte)) {
@@ -232,7 +235,7 @@
 }
 
 inline bool ArmExidx::DecodePrefix_10_01(uint8_t byte) {
-  assert((byte >> 4) == 0x9);
+  CHECK((byte >> 4) == 0x9);
 
   uint8_t bits = byte & 0xf;
   if (bits == 13 || bits == 15) {
@@ -258,7 +261,7 @@
 }
 
 inline bool ArmExidx::DecodePrefix_10_10(uint8_t byte) {
-  assert((byte >> 4) == 0xa);
+  CHECK((byte >> 4) == 0xa);
 
   // 10100nnn: Pop r4-r[4+nnn]
   // 10101nnn: Pop r4-r[4+nnn], r14
@@ -419,7 +422,7 @@
 }
 
 inline bool ArmExidx::DecodePrefix_10_11_1nnn(uint8_t byte) {
-  assert((byte & ~0x07) == 0xb8);
+  CHECK((byte & ~0x07) == 0xb8);
 
   // 10111nnn: Pop VFP double-precision registers D[8]-D[8+nnn] by FSTMFDX
   if (log_) {
@@ -439,7 +442,7 @@
 }
 
 inline bool ArmExidx::DecodePrefix_10(uint8_t byte) {
-  assert((byte >> 6) == 0x2);
+  CHECK((byte >> 6) == 0x2);
 
   switch ((byte >> 4) & 0x3) {
   case 0:
@@ -469,7 +472,7 @@
 }
 
 inline bool ArmExidx::DecodePrefix_11_000(uint8_t byte) {
-  assert((byte & ~0x07) == 0xc0);
+  CHECK((byte & ~0x07) == 0xc0);
 
   uint8_t bits = byte & 0x7;
   if (bits == 6) {
@@ -550,7 +553,7 @@
 }
 
 inline bool ArmExidx::DecodePrefix_11_001(uint8_t byte) {
-  assert((byte & ~0x07) == 0xc8);
+  CHECK((byte & ~0x07) == 0xc8);
 
   uint8_t bits = byte & 0x7;
   if (bits == 0) {
@@ -605,7 +608,7 @@
 }
 
 inline bool ArmExidx::DecodePrefix_11_010(uint8_t byte) {
-  assert((byte & ~0x07) == 0xd0);
+  CHECK((byte & ~0x07) == 0xd0);
 
   // 11010nnn: Pop VFP double precision registers D[8]-D[8+nnn] by VPUSH
   if (log_) {
@@ -624,7 +627,7 @@
 }
 
 inline bool ArmExidx::DecodePrefix_11(uint8_t byte) {
-  assert((byte >> 6) == 0x3);
+  CHECK((byte >> 6) == 0x3);
 
   switch ((byte >> 3) & 0x7) {
   case 0:
@@ -684,3 +687,5 @@
   while (Decode());
   return status_ == ARM_STATUS_FINISH;
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/ArmExidx.h b/libunwindstack/ArmExidx.h
index 8c7f15a..f4361d4 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/ArmExidx.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/ArmExidx.h
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 #include <deque>
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 // Forward declarations.
 class Memory;
 class RegsArm;
@@ -105,4 +107,6 @@
   bool pc_set_ = false;
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_ARM_EXIDX_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/AsmGetRegsX86.S b/libunwindstack/AsmGetRegsX86.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14927a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/AsmGetRegsX86.S
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
+ * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
+ * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+  .text
+  .global AsmGetRegs
+  .balign 16
+  .type AsmGetRegs, @function
+AsmGetRegs:
+  .cfi_startproc
+  mov 4(%esp), %eax
+  movl $0, (%eax)
+  movl %ecx, 4(%eax)
+  movl %edx, 8(%eax)
+  movl %ebx, 12(%eax)
+
+  /* ESP */
+  leal 4(%esp), %ecx
+  movl %ecx, 16(%eax)
+
+  movl %ebp, 20(%eax)
+  movl %esi, 24(%eax)
+  movl %edi, 28(%eax)
+
+  /* EIP */
+  movl (%esp), %ecx
+  movl %ecx, 32(%eax)
+
+  movl %cs, 36(%eax)
+  movl %ss, 40(%eax)
+  movl %ds, 44(%eax)
+  movl %es, 48(%eax)
+  movl %fs, 52(%eax)
+  movl %gs, 56(%eax)
+  ret
+
+  .cfi_endproc
+  .size AsmGetRegs, .-AsmGetRegs
diff --git a/libunwindstack/AsmGetRegsX86_64.S b/libunwindstack/AsmGetRegsX86_64.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cd3b6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/AsmGetRegsX86_64.S
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
+ * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
+ * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+  .text
+  .global AsmGetRegs
+  .balign 16
+  .type AsmGetRegs, @function
+AsmGetRegs:
+  .cfi_startproc
+  movq %rax, (%rdi)
+  movq %rdx, 8(%rdi)
+  movq %rcx, 16(%rdi)
+  movq %rbx, 24(%rdi)
+  movq %rsi, 32(%rdi)
+  movq %rdi, 40(%rdi)
+  movq %rbp, 48(%rdi)
+
+  /* RSP */
+  lea 8(%rsp), %rax
+  movq %rax, 56(%rdi)
+
+  movq %r8, 64(%rdi)
+  movq %r9, 72(%rdi)
+  movq %r10, 80(%rdi)
+  movq %r11, 88(%rdi)
+  movq %r12, 96(%rdi)
+  movq %r13, 104(%rdi)
+  movq %r14, 112(%rdi)
+  movq %r15, 120(%rdi)
+
+  /* RIP */
+  movq (%rsp), %rax
+  movq %rax, 128(%rdi)
+  ret
+
+  .cfi_endproc
+  .size AsmGetRegs, .-AsmGetRegs
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Check.h b/libunwindstack/Check.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d216d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/Check.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_ERROR_H
+#define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_ERROR_H
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include <unwindstack/Log.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+#define CHECK(assertion)                                   \
+  if (__builtin_expect(!(assertion), false)) {             \
+    log(0, "%s:%d: %s\n", __FILE__, __LINE__, #assertion); \
+    abort();                                               \
+  }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
+#endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_ERROR_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfCfa.cpp b/libunwindstack/DwarfCfa.cpp
index 006f039..b1d55ba 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfCfa.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfCfa.cpp
@@ -23,12 +23,15 @@
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfLocation.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Log.h>
+
 #include "DwarfCfa.h"
 #include "DwarfEncoding.h"
-#include "DwarfMemory.h"
+#include "DwarfError.h"
 #include "DwarfOp.h"
-#include "DwarfStructs.h"
-#include "Log.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 template <typename AddressType>
 constexpr typename DwarfCfa<AddressType>::process_func DwarfCfa<AddressType>::kCallbackTable[64];
@@ -711,3 +714,5 @@
 // Explicitly instantiate DwarfCfa.
 template class DwarfCfa<uint32_t>;
 template class DwarfCfa<uint64_t>;
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfCfa.h b/libunwindstack/DwarfCfa.h
index 42ebae1..62b9b7a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfCfa.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfCfa.h
@@ -24,10 +24,13 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfLocation.h>
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfMemory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfStructs.h>
+
 #include "DwarfError.h"
-#include "DwarfLocation.h"
-#include "DwarfMemory.h"
-#include "DwarfStructs.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 // DWARF Standard home: http://dwarfstd.org/
 // This code is based on DWARF 4: http://http://dwarfstd.org/doc/DWARF4.pdf
@@ -252,4 +255,6 @@
   };
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_CFA_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfDebugFrame.cpp b/libunwindstack/DwarfDebugFrame.cpp
index 3ac02fc..5707596 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfDebugFrame.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfDebugFrame.cpp
@@ -19,11 +19,14 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfStructs.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
 #include "DwarfDebugFrame.h"
-#include "DwarfMemory.h"
-#include "DwarfSection.h"
-#include "DwarfStructs.h"
-#include "Memory.h"
+#include "DwarfEncoding.h"
+#include "DwarfError.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 template <typename AddressType>
 bool DwarfDebugFrame<AddressType>::Init(uint64_t offset, uint64_t size) {
@@ -309,3 +312,5 @@
 // Explicitly instantiate DwarfDebugFrame.
 template class DwarfDebugFrame<uint32_t>;
 template class DwarfDebugFrame<uint64_t>;
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfDebugFrame.h b/libunwindstack/DwarfDebugFrame.h
index 320368c..6a6178e 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfDebugFrame.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfDebugFrame.h
@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "DwarfSection.h"
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfSection.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 template <typename AddressType>
 class DwarfDebugFrame : public DwarfSectionImpl<AddressType> {
@@ -73,4 +75,6 @@
   std::vector<FdeInfo> fdes_;
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_DEBUG_FRAME_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfEhFrame.cpp b/libunwindstack/DwarfEhFrame.cpp
index 045fb36..db8f558 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfEhFrame.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfEhFrame.cpp
@@ -14,14 +14,16 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <assert.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfStructs.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+#include "Check.h"
 #include "DwarfEhFrame.h"
-#include "DwarfMemory.h"
-#include "DwarfSection.h"
-#include "DwarfStructs.h"
-#include "Memory.h"
+#include "DwarfError.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 template <typename AddressType>
 bool DwarfEhFrame<AddressType>::Init(uint64_t offset, uint64_t size) {
@@ -98,15 +100,15 @@
     fde_info_.erase(index);
     return nullptr;
   }
-  info->pc = value;
+  info->pc = value + 4;
   return info;
 }
 
 template <typename AddressType>
 bool DwarfEhFrame<AddressType>::GetFdeOffsetBinary(uint64_t pc, uint64_t* fde_offset,
                                                    uint64_t total_entries) {
-  assert(fde_count_ > 0);
-  assert(total_entries <= fde_count_);
+  CHECK(fde_count_ > 0);
+  CHECK(total_entries <= fde_count_);
 
   size_t first = 0;
   size_t last = total_entries;
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@
 
 template <typename AddressType>
 bool DwarfEhFrame<AddressType>::GetFdeOffsetSequential(uint64_t pc, uint64_t* fde_offset) {
-  assert(fde_count_ != 0);
+  CHECK(fde_count_ != 0);
   last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_NONE;
   // We can do a binary search if the pc is in the range of the elements
   // that have already been cached.
@@ -173,7 +175,7 @@
       last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_MEMORY_INVALID;
       return false;
     }
-    info->pc = value;
+    info->pc = value + 4;
 
     if (pc < info->pc) {
       if (prev_info == nullptr) {
@@ -211,3 +213,5 @@
 // Explicitly instantiate DwarfEhFrame.
 template class DwarfEhFrame<uint32_t>;
 template class DwarfEhFrame<uint64_t>;
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfEhFrame.h b/libunwindstack/DwarfEhFrame.h
index e6909ed..4207b42 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfEhFrame.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfEhFrame.h
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-#include "DwarfSection.h"
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfSection.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 // Forward declarations.
 class Memory;
@@ -86,4 +88,6 @@
   std::unordered_map<uint64_t, FdeInfo> fde_info_;
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_EH_FRAME_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfEncoding.h b/libunwindstack/DwarfEncoding.h
index 0ff3b8c..20db222 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfEncoding.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfEncoding.h
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 enum DwarfEncoding : uint8_t {
   DW_EH_PE_omit = 0xff,
 
@@ -44,4 +46,6 @@
   DW_EH_PE_block = 0x0f,
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_ENCODING_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfError.h b/libunwindstack/DwarfError.h
index c00f17d..54199b8 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfError.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfError.h
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 enum DwarfError : uint8_t {
   DWARF_ERROR_NONE,
   DWARF_ERROR_MEMORY_INVALID,
@@ -31,4 +33,6 @@
   DWARF_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_VERSION,
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_ERROR_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.cpp b/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.cpp
index 11806ea..901f492 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.cpp
@@ -14,14 +14,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <assert.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 #include <string>
 
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfMemory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+#include "Check.h"
 #include "DwarfEncoding.h"
-#include "DwarfMemory.h"
-#include "Memory.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 bool DwarfMemory::ReadBytes(void* dst, size_t num_bytes) {
   if (!memory_->Read(cur_offset_, dst, num_bytes)) {
@@ -100,8 +103,8 @@
 }
 
 bool DwarfMemory::AdjustEncodedValue(uint8_t encoding, uint64_t* value) {
-  assert((encoding & 0x0f) == 0);
-  assert(encoding != DW_EH_PE_aligned);
+  CHECK((encoding & 0x0f) == 0);
+  CHECK(encoding != DW_EH_PE_aligned);
 
   // Handle the encoding.
   switch (encoding) {
@@ -232,7 +235,7 @@
       return false;
   }
 
-  return AdjustEncodedValue(encoding & 0xf0, value);
+  return AdjustEncodedValue(encoding & 0x70, value);
 }
 
 // Instantiate all of the needed template functions.
@@ -246,3 +249,5 @@
 
 template bool DwarfMemory::ReadEncodedValue<uint32_t>(uint8_t, uint64_t*);
 template bool DwarfMemory::ReadEncodedValue<uint64_t>(uint8_t, uint64_t*);
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfOp.cpp b/libunwindstack/DwarfOp.cpp
index 507ca08..b3fd0df 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfOp.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfOp.cpp
@@ -22,12 +22,15 @@
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfMemory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Log.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
+
 #include "DwarfError.h"
-#include "DwarfMemory.h"
 #include "DwarfOp.h"
-#include "Log.h"
-#include "Memory.h"
-#include "Regs.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 template <typename AddressType>
 constexpr typename DwarfOp<AddressType>::OpCallback DwarfOp<AddressType>::kCallbackTable[256];
@@ -460,3 +463,5 @@
 // Explicitly instantiate DwarfOp.
 template class DwarfOp<uint32_t>;
 template class DwarfOp<uint64_t>;
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfOp.h b/libunwindstack/DwarfOp.h
index 0f4b36d..c29bf35 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfOp.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfOp.h
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "DwarfEncoding.h"
+#include "DwarfError.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 enum DwarfVersion : uint8_t {
   DWARF_VERSION_2 = 2,
@@ -1633,4 +1636,6 @@
   };
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_OP_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfSection.cpp b/libunwindstack/DwarfSection.cpp
index 4c98aa3..1234eb1 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfSection.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfSection.cpp
@@ -16,16 +16,22 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfLocation.h>
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfMemory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfSection.h>
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfStructs.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Log.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
+
 #include "DwarfCfa.h"
+#include "DwarfEncoding.h"
 #include "DwarfError.h"
-#include "DwarfLocation.h"
-#include "DwarfMemory.h"
 #include "DwarfOp.h"
-#include "DwarfSection.h"
-#include "DwarfStructs.h"
-#include "Log.h"
-#include "Memory.h"
-#include "Regs.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+DwarfSection::DwarfSection(Memory* memory) : memory_(memory), last_error_(DWARF_ERROR_NONE) {}
 
 const DwarfFde* DwarfSection::GetFdeFromPc(uint64_t pc) {
   uint64_t fde_offset;
@@ -42,6 +48,7 @@
 }
 
 bool DwarfSection::Step(uint64_t pc, Regs* regs, Memory* process_memory) {
+  last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_NONE;
   const DwarfFde* fde = GetFdeFromPc(pc);
   if (fde == nullptr || fde->cie == nullptr) {
     last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_STATE;
@@ -248,6 +255,9 @@
     last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_MEMORY_INVALID;
     return false;
   }
+  // Set the default for the lsda encoding.
+  cie->lsda_encoding = DW_EH_PE_omit;
+
   if (length32 == static_cast<uint32_t>(-1)) {
     // 64 bit Cie
     uint64_t length64;
@@ -541,3 +551,5 @@
 // Explicitly instantiate DwarfSectionImpl
 template class DwarfSectionImpl<uint32_t>;
 template class DwarfSectionImpl<uint64_t>;
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp b/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp
index 272b5f0..4f7476d 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp
@@ -23,12 +23,17 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "unwind"
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "Elf.h"
-#include "ElfInterface.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/ElfInterface.h>
+#include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
+
 #include "ElfInterfaceArm.h"
 #include "Machine.h"
-#include "Memory.h"
-#include "Regs.h"
+#include "Symbols.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 bool Elf::Init() {
   if (!memory_) {
@@ -49,6 +54,59 @@
   return valid_;
 }
 
+// It is expensive to initialize the .gnu_debugdata section. Provide a method
+// to initialize this data separately.
+void Elf::InitGnuDebugdata() {
+  if (!valid_ || interface_->gnu_debugdata_offset() == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  gnu_debugdata_memory_.reset(interface_->CreateGnuDebugdataMemory());
+  gnu_debugdata_interface_.reset(CreateInterfaceFromMemory(gnu_debugdata_memory_.get()));
+  ElfInterface* gnu = gnu_debugdata_interface_.get();
+  if (gnu == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (gnu->Init()) {
+    gnu->InitHeaders();
+  } else {
+    // Free all of the memory associated with the gnu_debugdata section.
+    gnu_debugdata_memory_.reset(nullptr);
+    gnu_debugdata_interface_.reset(nullptr);
+  }
+}
+
+bool Elf::GetSoname(std::string* name) {
+  return valid_ && interface_->GetSoname(name);
+}
+
+uint64_t Elf::GetRelPc(uint64_t pc, const MapInfo* map_info) {
+  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  if (valid()) {
+    load_bias = interface_->load_bias();
+  }
+
+  return pc - map_info->start + load_bias + map_info->elf_offset;
+}
+
+bool Elf::GetFunctionName(uint64_t addr, std::string* name, uint64_t* func_offset) {
+  return valid_ && (interface_->GetFunctionName(addr, name, func_offset) ||
+                    (gnu_debugdata_interface_ &&
+                     gnu_debugdata_interface_->GetFunctionName(addr, name, func_offset)));
+}
+
+bool Elf::Step(uint64_t rel_pc, Regs* regs, Memory* process_memory) {
+  return valid_ && (regs->StepIfSignalHandler(rel_pc, this, process_memory) ||
+                    interface_->Step(rel_pc, regs, process_memory) ||
+                    (gnu_debugdata_interface_ &&
+                     gnu_debugdata_interface_->Step(rel_pc, regs, process_memory)));
+}
+
+uint64_t Elf::GetLoadBias() {
+  if (!valid_) return 0;
+  return interface_->load_bias();
+}
+
 bool Elf::IsValidElf(Memory* memory) {
   if (memory == nullptr) {
     return false;
@@ -66,6 +124,28 @@
   return true;
 }
 
+void Elf::GetInfo(Memory* memory, bool* valid, uint64_t* size) {
+  if (!IsValidElf(memory)) {
+    *valid = false;
+    return;
+  }
+  *size = 0;
+  *valid = true;
+
+  // Now read the section header information.
+  uint8_t class_type;
+  if (!memory->Read(EI_CLASS, &class_type, 1)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (class_type == ELFCLASS32) {
+    ElfInterface32::GetMaxSize(memory, size);
+  } else if (class_type == ELFCLASS64) {
+    ElfInterface64::GetMaxSize(memory, size);
+  } else {
+    *valid = false;
+  }
+}
+
 ElfInterface* Elf::CreateInterfaceFromMemory(Memory* memory) {
   if (!IsValidElf(memory)) {
     return nullptr;
@@ -90,24 +170,27 @@
     machine_type_ = e_machine;
     if (e_machine == EM_ARM) {
       interface.reset(new ElfInterfaceArm(memory));
-    } else {
+    } else if (e_machine == EM_386) {
       interface.reset(new ElfInterface32(memory));
+    } else {
+      ALOGI("32 bit elf that is neither arm nor x86: e_machine = %d\n", e_machine);
+      return nullptr;
     }
   } else if (class_type_ == ELFCLASS64) {
     Elf64_Half e_machine;
     if (!memory->Read(EI_NIDENT + sizeof(Elf64_Half), &e_machine, sizeof(e_machine))) {
       return nullptr;
     }
-
     if (e_machine != EM_AARCH64 && e_machine != EM_X86_64) {
       // Unsupported.
       ALOGI("64 bit elf that is neither aarch64 nor x86_64: e_machine = %d\n", e_machine);
       return nullptr;
     }
-
     machine_type_ = e_machine;
     interface.reset(new ElfInterface64(memory));
   }
 
   return interface.release();
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp b/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
index 3a7f7cb..be4f88a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
@@ -20,21 +20,82 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
+#include <7zCrc.h>
+#include <Xz.h>
+#include <XzCrc64.h>
+
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfSection.h>
+#include <unwindstack/ElfInterface.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Log.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
+
 #include "DwarfDebugFrame.h"
 #include "DwarfEhFrame.h"
-#include "DwarfSection.h"
-#include "ElfInterface.h"
-#include "Log.h"
-#include "Memory.h"
-#include "Regs.h"
 #include "Symbols.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 ElfInterface::~ElfInterface() {
   for (auto symbol : symbols_) {
     delete symbol;
   }
 }
 
+Memory* ElfInterface::CreateGnuDebugdataMemory() {
+  if (gnu_debugdata_offset_ == 0 || gnu_debugdata_size_ == 0) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  // TODO: Only call these initialization functions once.
+  CrcGenerateTable();
+  Crc64GenerateTable();
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> src(gnu_debugdata_size_);
+  if (!memory_->Read(gnu_debugdata_offset_, src.data(), gnu_debugdata_size_)) {
+    gnu_debugdata_offset_ = 0;
+    gnu_debugdata_size_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  ISzAlloc alloc;
+  CXzUnpacker state;
+  alloc.Alloc = [](void*, size_t size) { return malloc(size); };
+  alloc.Free = [](void*, void* ptr) { return free(ptr); };
+
+  XzUnpacker_Construct(&state, &alloc);
+
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> dst(new MemoryBuffer);
+  int return_val;
+  size_t src_offset = 0;
+  size_t dst_offset = 0;
+  ECoderStatus status;
+  dst->Resize(5 * gnu_debugdata_size_);
+  do {
+    size_t src_remaining = src.size() - src_offset;
+    size_t dst_remaining = dst->Size() - dst_offset;
+    if (dst_remaining < 2 * gnu_debugdata_size_) {
+      dst->Resize(dst->Size() + 2 * gnu_debugdata_size_);
+      dst_remaining += 2 * gnu_debugdata_size_;
+    }
+    return_val = XzUnpacker_Code(&state, dst->GetPtr(dst_offset), &dst_remaining, &src[src_offset],
+                                 &src_remaining, CODER_FINISH_ANY, &status);
+    src_offset += src_remaining;
+    dst_offset += dst_remaining;
+  } while (return_val == SZ_OK && status == CODER_STATUS_NOT_FINISHED);
+  XzUnpacker_Free(&state);
+  if (return_val != SZ_OK || !XzUnpacker_IsStreamWasFinished(&state)) {
+    gnu_debugdata_offset_ = 0;
+    gnu_debugdata_size_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  // Shrink back down to the exact size.
+  dst->Resize(dst_offset);
+
+  return dst.release();
+}
+
 template <typename AddressType>
 void ElfInterface::InitHeadersWithTemplate() {
   if (eh_frame_offset_ != 0) {
@@ -309,6 +370,22 @@
   return false;
 }
 
+// This is an estimation of the size of the elf file using the location
+// of the section headers and size. This assumes that the section headers
+// are at the end of the elf file. If the elf has a load bias, the size
+// will be too large, but this is acceptable.
+template <typename EhdrType>
+void ElfInterface::GetMaxSizeWithTemplate(Memory* memory, uint64_t* size) {
+  EhdrType ehdr;
+  if (!memory->Read(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr))) {
+    return;
+  }
+  if (ehdr.e_shnum == 0) {
+    return;
+  }
+  *size = ehdr.e_shoff + ehdr.e_shentsize * ehdr.e_shnum;
+}
+
 // Instantiate all of the needed template functions.
 template void ElfInterface::InitHeadersWithTemplate<uint32_t>();
 template void ElfInterface::InitHeadersWithTemplate<uint64_t>();
@@ -329,3 +406,8 @@
                                                                    uint64_t*);
 template bool ElfInterface::GetFunctionNameWithTemplate<Elf64_Sym>(uint64_t, std::string*,
                                                                    uint64_t*);
+
+template void ElfInterface::GetMaxSizeWithTemplate<Elf32_Ehdr>(Memory*, uint64_t*);
+template void ElfInterface::GetMaxSizeWithTemplate<Elf64_Ehdr>(Memory*, uint64_t*);
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.cpp b/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.cpp
index bab84cc..66bc51f 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.cpp
@@ -17,12 +17,14 @@
 #include <elf.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
+
 #include "ArmExidx.h"
-#include "ElfInterface.h"
 #include "ElfInterfaceArm.h"
 #include "Machine.h"
-#include "Memory.h"
-#include "Regs.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 bool ElfInterfaceArm::FindEntry(uint32_t pc, uint64_t* entry_offset) {
   if (start_offset_ == 0 || total_entries_ == 0) {
@@ -127,3 +129,5 @@
   }
   return false;
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.h b/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.h
index ece694f..1f4e8cb 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.h
@@ -23,8 +23,10 @@
 #include <iterator>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
-#include "ElfInterface.h"
-#include "Memory.h"
+#include <unwindstack/ElfInterface.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 class ElfInterfaceArm : public ElfInterface32 {
  public:
@@ -87,4 +89,6 @@
   std::unordered_map<size_t, uint32_t> addrs_;
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_ELF_INTERFACE_ARM_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Log.cpp b/libunwindstack/Log.cpp
index faeb66c..436e23c 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Log.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Log.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 
-#include "Log.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Log.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 static bool g_print_to_stdout = false;
 
@@ -51,3 +53,5 @@
   }
   va_end(args);
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Machine.h b/libunwindstack/Machine.h
index 323ce80..1fb9309 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Machine.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/Machine.h
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 enum ArmReg : uint16_t {
   ARM_REG_R0 = 0,
   ARM_REG_R1,
@@ -83,51 +85,57 @@
   ARM64_REG_LR = ARM64_REG_R30,
 };
 
+// Matches the numbers for the registers as generated by compilers.
+// If this is changed, then unwinding will fail.
 enum X86Reg : uint16_t {
   X86_REG_EAX = 0,
-  X86_REG_ECX,
-  X86_REG_EDX,
-  X86_REG_EBX,
-  X86_REG_ESP,
-  X86_REG_EBP,
-  X86_REG_ESI,
-  X86_REG_EDI,
-  X86_REG_EIP,
-  X86_REG_EFL,
-  X86_REG_CS,
-  X86_REG_SS,
-  X86_REG_DS,
-  X86_REG_ES,
-  X86_REG_FS,
-  X86_REG_GS,
+  X86_REG_ECX = 1,
+  X86_REG_EDX = 2,
+  X86_REG_EBX = 3,
+  X86_REG_ESP = 4,
+  X86_REG_EBP = 5,
+  X86_REG_ESI = 6,
+  X86_REG_EDI = 7,
+  X86_REG_EIP = 8,
+  X86_REG_EFL = 9,
+  X86_REG_CS = 10,
+  X86_REG_SS = 11,
+  X86_REG_DS = 12,
+  X86_REG_ES = 13,
+  X86_REG_FS = 14,
+  X86_REG_GS = 15,
   X86_REG_LAST,
 
   X86_REG_SP = X86_REG_ESP,
   X86_REG_PC = X86_REG_EIP,
 };
 
+// Matches the numbers for the registers as generated by compilers.
+// If this is changed, then unwinding will fail.
 enum X86_64Reg : uint16_t {
   X86_64_REG_RAX = 0,
-  X86_64_REG_RDX,
-  X86_64_REG_RCX,
-  X86_64_REG_RBX,
-  X86_64_REG_RSI,
-  X86_64_REG_RDI,
-  X86_64_REG_RBP,
-  X86_64_REG_RSP,
-  X86_64_REG_R8,
-  X86_64_REG_R9,
-  X86_64_REG_R10,
-  X86_64_REG_R11,
-  X86_64_REG_R12,
-  X86_64_REG_R13,
-  X86_64_REG_R14,
-  X86_64_REG_R15,
-  X86_64_REG_RIP,
+  X86_64_REG_RDX = 1,
+  X86_64_REG_RCX = 2,
+  X86_64_REG_RBX = 3,
+  X86_64_REG_RSI = 4,
+  X86_64_REG_RDI = 5,
+  X86_64_REG_RBP = 6,
+  X86_64_REG_RSP = 7,
+  X86_64_REG_R8 = 8,
+  X86_64_REG_R9 = 9,
+  X86_64_REG_R10 = 10,
+  X86_64_REG_R11 = 11,
+  X86_64_REG_R12 = 12,
+  X86_64_REG_R13 = 13,
+  X86_64_REG_R14 = 14,
+  X86_64_REG_R15 = 15,
+  X86_64_REG_RIP = 16,
   X86_64_REG_LAST,
 
   X86_64_REG_SP = X86_64_REG_RSP,
   X86_64_REG_PC = X86_64_REG_RIP,
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_MACHINE_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp b/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
index 051f700..96f2cb4 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
@@ -14,73 +14,108 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
-#include "Elf.h"
-#include "MapInfo.h"
-#include "Maps.h"
-#include "Memory.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
 
-Memory* MapInfo::CreateMemory(pid_t pid) {
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+Memory* MapInfo::GetFileMemory() {
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryFileAtOffset> memory(new MemoryFileAtOffset);
+  if (offset == 0) {
+    if (memory->Init(name, 0)) {
+      return memory.release();
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  // There are two possibilities when the offset is non-zero.
+  // - There is an elf file embedded in a file.
+  // - The whole file is an elf file, and the offset needs to be saved.
+  //
+  // Map in just the part of the file for the map. If this is not
+  // a valid elf, then reinit as if the whole file is an elf file.
+  // If the offset is a valid elf, then determine the size of the map
+  // and reinit to that size. This is needed because the dynamic linker
+  // only maps in a portion of the original elf, and never the symbol
+  // file data.
+  uint64_t map_size = end - start;
+  if (!memory->Init(name, offset, map_size)) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  bool valid;
+  uint64_t max_size;
+  Elf::GetInfo(memory.get(), &valid, &max_size);
+  if (!valid) {
+    // Init as if the whole file is an elf.
+    if (memory->Init(name, 0)) {
+      elf_offset = offset;
+      return memory.release();
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (max_size > map_size) {
+    if (memory->Init(name, offset, max_size)) {
+      return memory.release();
+    }
+    // Try to reinit using the default map_size.
+    if (memory->Init(name, offset, map_size)) {
+      return memory.release();
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return memory.release();
+}
+
+Memory* MapInfo::CreateMemory(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory) {
   if (end <= start) {
     return nullptr;
   }
 
   elf_offset = 0;
 
+  // Fail on device maps.
+  if (flags & MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
   // First try and use the file associated with the info.
   if (!name.empty()) {
-    // Fail on device maps.
-    if (flags & MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP) {
-      return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    std::unique_ptr<MemoryFileAtOffset> file_memory(new MemoryFileAtOffset);
-    uint64_t map_size;
-    if (offset != 0) {
-      // Only map in a piece of the file.
-      map_size = end - start;
-    } else {
-      map_size = UINT64_MAX;
-    }
-    if (file_memory->Init(name, offset, map_size)) {
-      // It's possible that a non-zero offset might not be pointing to
-      // valid elf data. Check if this is a valid elf, and if not assume
-      // that this was meant to incorporate the entire file.
-      if (offset != 0 && !Elf::IsValidElf(file_memory.get())) {
-        // Don't bother checking the validity that will happen on the elf init.
-        if (file_memory->Init(name, 0)) {
-          elf_offset = offset;
-          return file_memory.release();
-        }
-        // Fall through if the init fails.
-      } else {
-        return file_memory.release();
-      }
+    Memory* memory = GetFileMemory();
+    if (memory != nullptr) {
+      return memory;
     }
   }
 
-  Memory* memory = nullptr;
-  if (pid == getpid()) {
-    memory = new MemoryLocal();
-  } else {
-    memory = new MemoryRemote(pid);
+  // If the map isn't readable, don't bother trying to read from process memory.
+  if (!(flags & PROT_READ)) {
+    return nullptr;
   }
-  return new MemoryRange(memory, start, end);
+  return new MemoryRange(process_memory, start, end);
 }
 
-Elf* MapInfo::GetElf(pid_t pid, bool) {
+Elf* MapInfo::GetElf(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory, bool init_gnu_debugdata) {
   if (elf) {
     return elf;
   }
 
-  elf = new Elf(CreateMemory(pid));
-  elf->Init();
+  elf = new Elf(CreateMemory(process_memory));
+  if (elf->Init() && init_gnu_debugdata) {
+    elf->InitGnuDebugdata();
+  }
   // If the init fails, keep the elf around as an invalid object so we
   // don't try to reinit the object.
   return elf;
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Maps.cpp b/libunwindstack/Maps.cpp
index b869918..5e1c0a2 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Maps.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Maps.cpp
@@ -25,11 +25,16 @@
 
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 
+#include <cctype>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "Maps.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 MapInfo* Maps::Find(uint64_t pc) {
   if (maps_.empty()) {
@@ -51,63 +56,151 @@
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-bool Maps::ParseLine(const char* line, MapInfo* map_info) {
-  char permissions[5];
-  int name_pos;
-  // Linux /proc/<pid>/maps lines:
+// Assumes that line does not end in '\n'.
+static bool InternalParseLine(const char* line, MapInfo* map_info) {
+  // Do not use a sscanf implementation since it is not performant.
+
+  // Example linux /proc/<pid>/maps lines:
   // 6f000000-6f01e000 rwxp 00000000 00:0c 16389419   /system/lib/libcomposer.so
-  if (sscanf(line, "%" SCNx64 "-%" SCNx64 " %4s %" SCNx64 " %*x:%*x %*d %n", &map_info->start,
-             &map_info->end, permissions, &map_info->offset, &name_pos) != 4) {
+  char* str;
+  const char* old_str = line;
+  map_info->start = strtoul(old_str, &str, 16);
+  if (old_str == str || *str++ != '-') {
     return false;
   }
-  map_info->flags = PROT_NONE;
-  if (permissions[0] == 'r') {
+
+  old_str = str;
+  map_info->end = strtoul(old_str, &str, 16);
+  if (old_str == str || !std::isspace(*str++)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  while (std::isspace(*str)) {
+    str++;
+  }
+
+  // Parse permissions data.
+  if (*str == '\0') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  map_info->flags = 0;
+  if (*str == 'r') {
     map_info->flags |= PROT_READ;
+  } else if (*str != '-') {
+    return false;
   }
-  if (permissions[1] == 'w') {
+  str++;
+  if (*str == 'w') {
     map_info->flags |= PROT_WRITE;
+  } else if (*str != '-') {
+    return false;
   }
-  if (permissions[2] == 'x') {
+  str++;
+  if (*str == 'x') {
     map_info->flags |= PROT_EXEC;
+  } else if (*str != '-') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  str++;
+  if (*str != 'p' && *str != 's') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  str++;
+
+  if (!std::isspace(*str++)) {
+    return false;
   }
 
-  if (line[name_pos] != '\0') {
-    map_info->name = &line[name_pos];
-    size_t length = map_info->name.length() - 1;
-    if (map_info->name[length] == '\n') {
-      map_info->name.erase(length);
-    }
-
-    // Mark a device map in /dev/and not in /dev/ashmem/ specially.
-    if (map_info->name.substr(0, 5) == "/dev/" && map_info->name.substr(5, 7) != "ashmem/") {
-      map_info->flags |= MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP;
-    }
+  old_str = str;
+  map_info->offset = strtoul(old_str, &str, 16);
+  if (old_str == str || !std::isspace(*str)) {
+    return false;
   }
 
+  // Ignore the 00:00 values.
+  old_str = str;
+  (void)strtoul(old_str, &str, 16);
+  if (old_str == str || *str++ != ':') {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (std::isspace(*str)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Skip the inode.
+  old_str = str;
+  (void)strtoul(str, &str, 16);
+  if (old_str == str || !std::isspace(*str++)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Skip decimal digit.
+  old_str = str;
+  (void)strtoul(old_str, &str, 10);
+  if (old_str == str || (!std::isspace(*str) && *str != '\0')) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  while (std::isspace(*str)) {
+    str++;
+  }
+  if (*str == '\0') {
+    map_info->name = str;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // Save the name data.
+  map_info->name = str;
+
+  // Mark a device map in /dev/ and not in /dev/ashmem/ specially.
+  if (map_info->name.substr(0, 5) == "/dev/" && map_info->name.substr(5, 7) != "ashmem/") {
+    map_info->flags |= MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP;
+  }
   return true;
 }
 
 bool Maps::Parse() {
-  std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)> fp(fopen(GetMapsFile().c_str(), "re"), fclose);
-  if (!fp) {
+  int fd = open(GetMapsFile().c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+  if (fd == -1) {
     return false;
   }
 
-  bool valid = true;
-  char* line = nullptr;
-  size_t line_len;
-  while (getline(&line, &line_len, fp.get()) > 0) {
-    MapInfo map_info;
-    if (!ParseLine(line, &map_info)) {
-      valid = false;
+  bool return_value = true;
+  char buffer[2048];
+  size_t leftover = 0;
+  while (true) {
+    ssize_t bytes = read(fd, &buffer[leftover], 2048 - leftover);
+    if (bytes == -1) {
+      return_value = false;
       break;
     }
+    if (bytes == 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+    bytes += leftover;
+    char* line = buffer;
+    while (bytes > 0) {
+      char* newline = static_cast<char*>(memchr(line, '\n', bytes));
+      if (newline == nullptr) {
+        memmove(buffer, line, bytes);
+        break;
+      }
+      *newline = '\0';
 
-    maps_.push_back(map_info);
+      MapInfo map_info;
+      if (!InternalParseLine(line, &map_info)) {
+        return_value = false;
+        break;
+      }
+      maps_.push_back(map_info);
+
+      bytes -= newline - line + 1;
+      line = newline + 1;
+    }
+    leftover = bytes;
   }
-  free(line);
-
-  return valid;
+  close(fd);
+  return return_value;
 }
 
 Maps::~Maps() {
@@ -125,12 +218,12 @@
     if (end_of_line == nullptr) {
       line = start_of_line;
     } else {
-      end_of_line++;
       line = std::string(start_of_line, end_of_line - start_of_line);
+      end_of_line++;
     }
 
     MapInfo map_info;
-    if (!ParseLine(line.c_str(), &map_info)) {
+    if (!InternalParseLine(line.c_str(), &map_info)) {
       return false;
     }
     maps_.push_back(map_info);
@@ -196,3 +289,5 @@
   }
   return true;
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp b/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
index 9e46509..32753df 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,11 @@
 
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 
-#include "Memory.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+#include "Check.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 bool Memory::ReadString(uint64_t addr, std::string* string, uint64_t max_read) {
   string->clear();
@@ -48,6 +52,13 @@
   return false;
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<Memory> Memory::CreateProcessMemory(pid_t pid) {
+  if (pid == getpid()) {
+    return std::shared_ptr<Memory>(new MemoryLocal());
+  }
+  return std::shared_ptr<Memory>(new MemoryRemote(pid));
+}
+
 bool MemoryBuffer::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) {
   uint64_t last_read_byte;
   if (__builtin_add_overflow(size, addr, &last_read_byte)) {
@@ -245,6 +256,11 @@
   return true;
 }
 
+MemoryRange::MemoryRange(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory, uint64_t begin, uint64_t end)
+    : memory_(memory), begin_(begin), length_(end - begin) {
+  CHECK(end > begin);
+}
+
 bool MemoryRange::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) {
   uint64_t max_read;
   if (__builtin_add_overflow(addr, size, &max_read) || max_read > length_) {
@@ -253,3 +269,5 @@
   // The check above guarantees that addr + begin_ will not overflow.
   return memory_->Read(addr + begin_, dst, size);
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Regs.cpp b/libunwindstack/Regs.cpp
index e7d10b2..4d09c1b 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Regs.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Regs.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <assert.h>
 #include <elf.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/ptrace.h>
@@ -22,28 +21,23 @@
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "Elf.h"
-#include "ElfInterface.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
+
+#include "Check.h"
 #include "Machine.h"
-#include "MapInfo.h"
-#include "Regs.h"
+#include "Ucontext.h"
 #include "User.h"
 
-template <typename AddressType>
-uint64_t RegsImpl<AddressType>::GetRelPc(Elf* elf, const MapInfo* map_info) {
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
-  if (elf->valid()) {
-    load_bias = elf->interface()->load_bias();
-  }
-
-  return pc_ - map_info->start + load_bias + map_info->elf_offset;
-}
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 template <typename AddressType>
 bool RegsImpl<AddressType>::GetReturnAddressFromDefault(Memory* memory, uint64_t* value) {
   switch (return_loc_.type) {
   case LOCATION_REGISTER:
-    assert(return_loc_.value < total_regs_);
+    CHECK(return_loc_.value < total_regs_);
     *value = regs_[return_loc_.value];
     return true;
   case LOCATION_SP_OFFSET:
@@ -62,6 +56,10 @@
 RegsArm::RegsArm()
     : RegsImpl<uint32_t>(ARM_REG_LAST, ARM_REG_SP, Location(LOCATION_REGISTER, ARM_REG_LR)) {}
 
+uint32_t RegsArm::MachineType() {
+  return EM_ARM;
+}
+
 uint64_t RegsArm::GetAdjustedPc(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf) {
   if (!elf->valid()) {
     return rel_pc;
@@ -88,9 +86,18 @@
   return rel_pc - 4;
 }
 
+void RegsArm::SetFromRaw() {
+  set_pc(regs_[ARM_REG_PC]);
+  set_sp(regs_[ARM_REG_SP]);
+}
+
 RegsArm64::RegsArm64()
     : RegsImpl<uint64_t>(ARM64_REG_LAST, ARM64_REG_SP, Location(LOCATION_REGISTER, ARM64_REG_LR)) {}
 
+uint32_t RegsArm64::MachineType() {
+  return EM_AARCH64;
+}
+
 uint64_t RegsArm64::GetAdjustedPc(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf) {
   if (!elf->valid()) {
     return rel_pc;
@@ -102,9 +109,18 @@
   return rel_pc - 4;
 }
 
+void RegsArm64::SetFromRaw() {
+  set_pc(regs_[ARM64_REG_PC]);
+  set_sp(regs_[ARM64_REG_SP]);
+}
+
 RegsX86::RegsX86()
     : RegsImpl<uint32_t>(X86_REG_LAST, X86_REG_SP, Location(LOCATION_SP_OFFSET, -4)) {}
 
+uint32_t RegsX86::MachineType() {
+  return EM_386;
+}
+
 uint64_t RegsX86::GetAdjustedPc(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf) {
   if (!elf->valid()) {
     return rel_pc;
@@ -116,9 +132,18 @@
   return rel_pc - 1;
 }
 
+void RegsX86::SetFromRaw() {
+  set_pc(regs_[X86_REG_PC]);
+  set_sp(regs_[X86_REG_SP]);
+}
+
 RegsX86_64::RegsX86_64()
     : RegsImpl<uint64_t>(X86_64_REG_LAST, X86_64_REG_SP, Location(LOCATION_SP_OFFSET, -8)) {}
 
+uint32_t RegsX86_64::MachineType() {
+  return EM_X86_64;
+}
+
 uint64_t RegsX86_64::GetAdjustedPc(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf) {
   if (!elf->valid()) {
     return rel_pc;
@@ -131,15 +156,17 @@
   return rel_pc - 1;
 }
 
+void RegsX86_64::SetFromRaw() {
+  set_pc(regs_[X86_64_REG_PC]);
+  set_sp(regs_[X86_64_REG_SP]);
+}
+
 static Regs* ReadArm(void* remote_data) {
   arm_user_regs* user = reinterpret_cast<arm_user_regs*>(remote_data);
 
   RegsArm* regs = new RegsArm();
   memcpy(regs->RawData(), &user->regs[0], ARM_REG_LAST * sizeof(uint32_t));
-
-  regs->set_pc(user->regs[ARM_REG_PC]);
-  regs->set_sp(user->regs[ARM_REG_SP]);
-
+  regs->SetFromRaw();
   return regs;
 }
 
@@ -148,9 +175,10 @@
 
   RegsArm64* regs = new RegsArm64();
   memcpy(regs->RawData(), &user->regs[0], (ARM64_REG_R31 + 1) * sizeof(uint64_t));
-  regs->set_pc(user->pc);
-  regs->set_sp(user->sp);
-
+  uint64_t* reg_data = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(regs->RawData());
+  reg_data[ARM64_REG_PC] = user->pc;
+  reg_data[ARM64_REG_SP] = user->sp;
+  regs->SetFromRaw();
   return regs;
 }
 
@@ -168,9 +196,7 @@
   (*regs)[X86_REG_ESP] = user->esp;
   (*regs)[X86_REG_EIP] = user->eip;
 
-  regs->set_pc(user->eip);
-  regs->set_sp(user->esp);
-
+  regs->SetFromRaw();
   return regs;
 }
 
@@ -196,15 +222,13 @@
   (*regs)[X86_64_REG_RSP] = user->rsp;
   (*regs)[X86_64_REG_RIP] = user->rip;
 
-  regs->set_pc(user->rip);
-  regs->set_sp(user->rsp);
-
+  regs->SetFromRaw();
   return regs;
 }
 
 // This function assumes that reg_data is already aligned to a 64 bit value.
 // If not this could crash with an unaligned access.
-Regs* Regs::RemoteGet(pid_t pid, uint32_t* machine_type) {
+Regs* Regs::RemoteGet(pid_t pid) {
   // Make the buffer large enough to contain the largest registers type.
   std::vector<uint64_t> buffer(MAX_USER_REGS_SIZE / sizeof(uint64_t));
   struct iovec io;
@@ -217,17 +241,312 @@
 
   switch (io.iov_len) {
   case sizeof(x86_user_regs):
-    *machine_type = EM_386;
     return ReadX86(buffer.data());
   case sizeof(x86_64_user_regs):
-    *machine_type = EM_X86_64;
     return ReadX86_64(buffer.data());
   case sizeof(arm_user_regs):
-    *machine_type = EM_ARM;
     return ReadArm(buffer.data());
   case sizeof(arm64_user_regs):
-    *machine_type = EM_AARCH64;
     return ReadArm64(buffer.data());
   }
   return nullptr;
 }
+
+static Regs* CreateFromArmUcontext(void* ucontext) {
+  arm_ucontext_t* arm_ucontext = reinterpret_cast<arm_ucontext_t*>(ucontext);
+
+  RegsArm* regs = new RegsArm();
+  memcpy(regs->RawData(), &arm_ucontext->uc_mcontext.regs[0], ARM_REG_LAST * sizeof(uint32_t));
+  regs->SetFromRaw();
+  return regs;
+}
+
+static Regs* CreateFromArm64Ucontext(void* ucontext) {
+  arm64_ucontext_t* arm64_ucontext = reinterpret_cast<arm64_ucontext_t*>(ucontext);
+
+  RegsArm64* regs = new RegsArm64();
+  memcpy(regs->RawData(), &arm64_ucontext->uc_mcontext.regs[0], ARM64_REG_LAST * sizeof(uint64_t));
+  regs->SetFromRaw();
+  return regs;
+}
+
+void RegsX86::SetFromUcontext(x86_ucontext_t* ucontext) {
+  // Put the registers in the expected order.
+  regs_[X86_REG_EDI] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.edi;
+  regs_[X86_REG_ESI] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.esi;
+  regs_[X86_REG_EBP] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.ebp;
+  regs_[X86_REG_ESP] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.esp;
+  regs_[X86_REG_EBX] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.ebx;
+  regs_[X86_REG_EDX] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.edx;
+  regs_[X86_REG_ECX] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.ecx;
+  regs_[X86_REG_EAX] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.eax;
+  regs_[X86_REG_EIP] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.eip;
+  SetFromRaw();
+}
+
+static Regs* CreateFromX86Ucontext(void* ucontext) {
+  x86_ucontext_t* x86_ucontext = reinterpret_cast<x86_ucontext_t*>(ucontext);
+
+  RegsX86* regs = new RegsX86();
+  regs->SetFromUcontext(x86_ucontext);
+  return regs;
+}
+
+void RegsX86_64::SetFromUcontext(x86_64_ucontext_t* ucontext) {
+  // R8-R15
+  memcpy(&regs_[X86_64_REG_R8], &ucontext->uc_mcontext.r8, 8 * sizeof(uint64_t));
+
+  // Rest of the registers.
+  regs_[X86_64_REG_RDI] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.rdi;
+  regs_[X86_64_REG_RSI] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.rsi;
+  regs_[X86_64_REG_RBP] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.rbp;
+  regs_[X86_64_REG_RBX] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.rbx;
+  regs_[X86_64_REG_RDX] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.rdx;
+  regs_[X86_64_REG_RAX] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.rax;
+  regs_[X86_64_REG_RCX] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.rcx;
+  regs_[X86_64_REG_RSP] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.rsp;
+  regs_[X86_64_REG_RIP] = ucontext->uc_mcontext.rip;
+
+  SetFromRaw();
+}
+
+static Regs* CreateFromX86_64Ucontext(void* ucontext) {
+  x86_64_ucontext_t* x86_64_ucontext = reinterpret_cast<x86_64_ucontext_t*>(ucontext);
+
+  RegsX86_64* regs = new RegsX86_64();
+  regs->SetFromUcontext(x86_64_ucontext);
+  return regs;
+}
+
+Regs* Regs::CreateFromUcontext(uint32_t machine_type, void* ucontext) {
+  switch (machine_type) {
+    case EM_386:
+      return CreateFromX86Ucontext(ucontext);
+    case EM_X86_64:
+      return CreateFromX86_64Ucontext(ucontext);
+    case EM_ARM:
+      return CreateFromArmUcontext(ucontext);
+    case EM_AARCH64:
+      return CreateFromArm64Ucontext(ucontext);
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+uint32_t Regs::CurrentMachineType() {
+#if defined(__arm__)
+  return EM_ARM;
+#elif defined(__aarch64__)
+  return EM_AARCH64;
+#elif defined(__i386__)
+  return EM_386;
+#elif defined(__x86_64__)
+  return EM_X86_64;
+#else
+  abort();
+#endif
+}
+
+Regs* Regs::CreateFromLocal() {
+  Regs* regs;
+#if defined(__arm__)
+  regs = new RegsArm();
+#elif defined(__aarch64__)
+  regs = new RegsArm64();
+#elif defined(__i386__)
+  regs = new RegsX86();
+#elif defined(__x86_64__)
+  regs = new RegsX86_64();
+#else
+  abort();
+#endif
+  return regs;
+}
+
+bool RegsArm::StepIfSignalHandler(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf, Memory* process_memory) {
+  uint32_t data;
+  Memory* elf_memory = elf->memory();
+  // Read from elf memory since it is usually more expensive to read from
+  // process memory.
+  if (!elf_memory->Read(rel_pc, &data, sizeof(data))) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint64_t offset = 0;
+  if (data == 0xe3a07077 || data == 0xef900077 || data == 0xdf002777) {
+    // non-RT sigreturn call.
+    // __restore:
+    //
+    // Form 1 (arm):
+    // 0x77 0x70              mov r7, #0x77
+    // 0xa0 0xe3              svc 0x00000000
+    //
+    // Form 2 (arm):
+    // 0x77 0x00 0x90 0xef    svc 0x00900077
+    //
+    // Form 3 (thumb):
+    // 0x77 0x27              movs r7, #77
+    // 0x00 0xdf              svc 0
+    if (!process_memory->Read(sp(), &data, sizeof(data))) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (data == 0x5ac3c35a) {
+      // SP + uc_mcontext offset + r0 offset.
+      offset = sp() + 0x14 + 0xc;
+    } else {
+      // SP + r0 offset
+      offset = sp() + 0xc;
+    }
+  } else if (data == 0xe3a070ad || data == 0xef9000ad || data == 0xdf0027ad) {
+    // RT sigreturn call.
+    // __restore_rt:
+    //
+    // Form 1 (arm):
+    // 0xad 0x70      mov r7, #0xad
+    // 0xa0 0xe3      svc 0x00000000
+    //
+    // Form 2 (arm):
+    // 0xad 0x00 0x90 0xef    svc 0x009000ad
+    //
+    // Form 3 (thumb):
+    // 0xad 0x27              movs r7, #ad
+    // 0x00 0xdf              svc 0
+    if (!process_memory->Read(sp(), &data, sizeof(data))) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (data == sp() + 8) {
+      // SP + 8 + sizeof(siginfo_t) + uc_mcontext_offset + r0 offset
+      offset = sp() + 8 + 0x80 + 0x14 + 0xc;
+    } else {
+      // SP + sizeof(siginfo_t) + uc_mcontext_offset + r0 offset
+      offset = sp() + 0x80 + 0x14 + 0xc;
+    }
+  }
+  if (offset == 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!process_memory->Read(offset, regs_.data(), sizeof(uint32_t) * ARM_REG_LAST)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  SetFromRaw();
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool RegsArm64::StepIfSignalHandler(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf, Memory* process_memory) {
+  uint64_t data;
+  Memory* elf_memory = elf->memory();
+  // Read from elf memory since it is usually more expensive to read from
+  // process memory.
+  if (!elf_memory->Read(rel_pc, &data, sizeof(data))) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Look for the kernel sigreturn function.
+  // __kernel_rt_sigreturn:
+  // 0xd2801168     mov x8, #0x8b
+  // 0xd4000001     svc #0x0
+  if (data != 0xd4000001d2801168ULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // SP + sizeof(siginfo_t) + uc_mcontext offset + X0 offset.
+  if (!process_memory->Read(sp() + 0x80 + 0xb0 + 0x08, regs_.data(),
+                            sizeof(uint64_t) * ARM64_REG_LAST)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  SetFromRaw();
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool RegsX86::StepIfSignalHandler(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf, Memory* process_memory) {
+  uint64_t data;
+  Memory* elf_memory = elf->memory();
+  // Read from elf memory since it is usually more expensive to read from
+  // process memory.
+  if (!elf_memory->Read(rel_pc, &data, sizeof(data))) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (data == 0x80cd00000077b858ULL) {
+    // Without SA_SIGINFO set, the return sequence is:
+    //
+    //   __restore:
+    //   0x58                            pop %eax
+    //   0xb8 0x77 0x00 0x00 0x00        movl 0x77,%eax
+    //   0xcd 0x80                       int 0x80
+    //
+    // SP points at arguments:
+    //   int signum
+    //   struct sigcontext (same format as mcontext)
+    struct x86_mcontext_t context;
+    if (!process_memory->Read(sp() + 4, &context, sizeof(context))) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    regs_[X86_REG_EBP] = context.ebp;
+    regs_[X86_REG_ESP] = context.esp;
+    regs_[X86_REG_EBX] = context.ebx;
+    regs_[X86_REG_EDX] = context.edx;
+    regs_[X86_REG_ECX] = context.ecx;
+    regs_[X86_REG_EAX] = context.eax;
+    regs_[X86_REG_EIP] = context.eip;
+    SetFromRaw();
+    return true;
+  } else if ((data & 0x00ffffffffffffffULL) == 0x0080cd000000adb8ULL) {
+    // With SA_SIGINFO set, the return sequence is:
+    //
+    //   __restore_rt:
+    //   0xb8 0xad 0x00 0x00 0x00        movl 0xad,%eax
+    //   0xcd 0x80                       int 0x80
+    //
+    // SP points at arguments:
+    //   int signum
+    //   siginfo*
+    //   ucontext*
+
+    // Get the location of the sigcontext data.
+    uint32_t ptr;
+    if (!process_memory->Read(sp() + 8, &ptr, sizeof(ptr))) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Only read the portion of the data structure we care about.
+    x86_ucontext_t x86_ucontext;
+    if (!process_memory->Read(ptr + 0x14, &x86_ucontext.uc_mcontext, sizeof(x86_mcontext_t))) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    SetFromUcontext(&x86_ucontext);
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool RegsX86_64::StepIfSignalHandler(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf, Memory* process_memory) {
+  uint64_t data;
+  Memory* elf_memory = elf->memory();
+  // Read from elf memory since it is usually more expensive to read from
+  // process memory.
+  if (!elf_memory->Read(rel_pc, &data, sizeof(data)) || data != 0x0f0000000fc0c748) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint16_t data2;
+  if (!elf_memory->Read(rel_pc + 8, &data2, sizeof(data2)) || data2 != 0x0f05) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // __restore_rt:
+  // 0x48 0xc7 0xc0 0x0f 0x00 0x00 0x00   mov $0xf,%rax
+  // 0x0f 0x05                            syscall
+  // 0x0f                                 nopl 0x0($rax)
+
+  // Read the mcontext data from the stack.
+  // sp points to the ucontext data structure, read only the mcontext part.
+  x86_64_ucontext_t x86_64_ucontext;
+  if (!process_memory->Read(sp() + 0x28, &x86_64_ucontext.uc_mcontext, sizeof(x86_64_mcontext_t))) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  SetFromUcontext(&x86_64_ucontext);
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Symbols.cpp b/libunwindstack/Symbols.cpp
index 86c1233..42d816a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Symbols.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Symbols.cpp
@@ -14,15 +14,18 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <assert.h>
 #include <elf.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 #include <string>
 
-#include "Memory.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+#include "Check.h"
 #include "Symbols.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 Symbols::Symbols(uint64_t offset, uint64_t size, uint64_t entry_size, uint64_t str_offset,
                  uint64_t str_size)
     : cur_offset_(offset),
@@ -58,7 +61,7 @@
   if (symbols_.size() != 0) {
     const Info* info = GetInfoFromCache(addr);
     if (info) {
-      assert(addr >= info->start_offset && addr <= info->end_offset);
+      CHECK(addr >= info->start_offset && addr <= info->end_offset);
       *func_offset = addr - info->start_offset;
       return elf_memory->ReadString(info->str_offset, name, str_end_ - info->str_offset);
     }
@@ -108,3 +111,5 @@
 // Instantiate all of the needed template functions.
 template bool Symbols::GetName<Elf32_Sym>(uint64_t, uint64_t, Memory*, std::string*, uint64_t*);
 template bool Symbols::GetName<Elf64_Sym>(uint64_t, uint64_t, Memory*, std::string*, uint64_t*);
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Symbols.h b/libunwindstack/Symbols.h
index 3c0d033..689144b 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Symbols.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/Symbols.h
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 // Forward declaration.
 class Memory;
 
@@ -61,4 +63,6 @@
   std::vector<Info> symbols_;
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_SYMBOLS_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Ucontext.h b/libunwindstack/Ucontext.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22f6a89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/Ucontext.h
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
+ * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
+ * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_UCONTEXT_H
+#define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_UCONTEXT_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ARM ucontext structures
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------
+struct arm_stack_t {
+  uint32_t ss_sp;    // void __user*
+  int32_t ss_flags;  // int
+  uint32_t ss_size;  // size_t
+};
+
+struct arm_mcontext_t {
+  uint32_t trap_no;             // unsigned long
+  uint32_t error_code;          // unsigned long
+  uint32_t oldmask;             // unsigned long
+  uint32_t regs[ARM_REG_LAST];  // unsigned long
+  uint32_t cpsr;                // unsigned long
+  uint32_t fault_address;       // unsigned long
+};
+
+struct arm_ucontext_t {
+  uint32_t uc_flags;  // unsigned long
+  uint32_t uc_link;   // struct ucontext*
+  arm_stack_t uc_stack;
+  arm_mcontext_t uc_mcontext;
+  // Nothing else is used, so don't define it.
+};
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ARM64 ucontext structures
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------
+struct arm64_stack_t {
+  uint64_t ss_sp;    // void __user*
+  int32_t ss_flags;  // int
+  uint64_t ss_size;  // size_t
+};
+
+struct arm64_sigset_t {
+  uint64_t sig;  // unsigned long
+};
+
+struct arm64_mcontext_t {
+  uint64_t fault_address;         // __u64
+  uint64_t regs[ARM64_REG_LAST];  // __u64
+  uint64_t pstate;                // __u64
+  // Nothing else is used, so don't define it.
+};
+
+struct arm64_ucontext_t {
+  uint64_t uc_flags;  // unsigned long
+  uint64_t uc_link;   // struct ucontext*
+  arm64_stack_t uc_stack;
+  arm64_sigset_t uc_sigmask;
+  // The kernel adds extra padding after uc_sigmask to match glibc sigset_t on ARM64.
+  char __padding[128 - sizeof(arm64_sigset_t)];
+  // The full structure requires 16 byte alignment, but our partial structure
+  // doesn't, so force the alignment.
+  arm64_mcontext_t uc_mcontext __attribute__((aligned(16)));
+};
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------
+// X86 ucontext structures
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------
+struct x86_stack_t {
+  uint32_t ss_sp;    // void __user*
+  int32_t ss_flags;  // int
+  uint32_t ss_size;  // size_t
+};
+
+struct x86_mcontext_t {
+  uint32_t gs;
+  uint32_t fs;
+  uint32_t es;
+  uint32_t ds;
+  uint32_t edi;
+  uint32_t esi;
+  uint32_t ebp;
+  uint32_t esp;
+  uint32_t ebx;
+  uint32_t edx;
+  uint32_t ecx;
+  uint32_t eax;
+  uint32_t trapno;
+  uint32_t err;
+  uint32_t eip;
+  uint32_t cs;
+  uint32_t efl;
+  uint32_t uesp;
+  uint32_t ss;
+  // Only care about the registers, skip everything else.
+};
+
+struct x86_ucontext_t {
+  uint32_t uc_flags;  // unsigned long
+  uint32_t uc_link;   // struct ucontext*
+  x86_stack_t uc_stack;
+  x86_mcontext_t uc_mcontext;
+  // Nothing else is used, so don't define it.
+};
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------
+// X86_64 ucontext structures
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------
+struct x86_64_stack_t {
+  uint64_t ss_sp;    // void __user*
+  int32_t ss_flags;  // int
+  uint64_t ss_size;  // size_t
+};
+
+struct x86_64_mcontext_t {
+  uint64_t r8;
+  uint64_t r9;
+  uint64_t r10;
+  uint64_t r11;
+  uint64_t r12;
+  uint64_t r13;
+  uint64_t r14;
+  uint64_t r15;
+  uint64_t rdi;
+  uint64_t rsi;
+  uint64_t rbp;
+  uint64_t rbx;
+  uint64_t rdx;
+  uint64_t rax;
+  uint64_t rcx;
+  uint64_t rsp;
+  uint64_t rip;
+  uint64_t efl;
+  uint64_t csgsfs;
+  uint64_t err;
+  uint64_t trapno;
+  uint64_t oldmask;
+  uint64_t cr2;
+  // Only care about the registers, skip everything else.
+};
+
+struct x86_64_ucontext_t {
+  uint64_t uc_flags;  // unsigned long
+  uint64_t uc_link;   // struct ucontext*
+  x86_64_stack_t uc_stack;
+  x86_64_mcontext_t uc_mcontext;
+  // Nothing else is used, so don't define it.
+};
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
+#endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_UCONTEXT_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/User.h b/libunwindstack/User.h
index a695467..53f7e50 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/User.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/User.h
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@
 #ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_USER_H
 #define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_USER_H
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 struct x86_user_regs {
   uint32_t ebx;
   uint32_t ecx;
@@ -93,4 +95,6 @@
 // The largest user structure.
 constexpr size_t MAX_USER_REGS_SIZE = sizeof(arm64_user_regs) + 10;
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_USER_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfLocation.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfLocation.h
similarity index 95%
rename from libunwindstack/DwarfLocation.h
rename to libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfLocation.h
index 062d125..3467e6a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfLocation.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfLocation.h
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 #include <unordered_map>
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 enum DwarfLocationEnum : uint8_t {
   DWARF_LOCATION_INVALID = 0,
   DWARF_LOCATION_UNDEFINED,
@@ -38,4 +40,6 @@
 
 typedef std::unordered_map<uint16_t, DwarfLocation> dwarf_loc_regs_t;
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_LOCATION_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfMemory.h
similarity index 97%
rename from libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.h
rename to libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfMemory.h
index a304dd9..8dd8d2b 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfMemory.h
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 // Forward declarations.
 class Memory;
 
@@ -69,4 +71,6 @@
   uint64_t text_offset_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1);
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_MEMORY_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfSection.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfSection.h
similarity index 93%
rename from libunwindstack/DwarfSection.h
rename to libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfSection.h
index e617601..26485ae 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfSection.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfSection.h
@@ -22,18 +22,20 @@
 #include <iterator>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
-#include "DwarfError.h"
-#include "DwarfLocation.h"
-#include "DwarfMemory.h"
-#include "DwarfStructs.h"
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfLocation.h>
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfMemory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfStructs.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 // Forward declarations.
+enum DwarfError : uint8_t;
 class Memory;
 class Regs;
 
 class DwarfSection {
  public:
-  DwarfSection(Memory* memory) : memory_(memory) {}
+  DwarfSection(Memory* memory);
   virtual ~DwarfSection() = default;
 
   class iterator : public std::iterator<std::bidirectional_iterator_tag, DwarfFde*> {
@@ -102,9 +104,9 @@
 
  protected:
   DwarfMemory memory_;
-  DwarfError last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_NONE;
+  DwarfError last_error_;
 
-  uint64_t fde_count_;
+  uint64_t fde_count_ = 0;
   std::unordered_map<uint64_t, DwarfFde> fde_entries_;
   std::unordered_map<uint64_t, DwarfCie> cie_entries_;
   std::unordered_map<uint64_t, dwarf_loc_regs_t> cie_loc_regs_;
@@ -134,4 +136,6 @@
                       AddressType* value);
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_SECTION_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfStructs.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfStructs.h
similarity index 92%
rename from libunwindstack/DwarfStructs.h
rename to libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfStructs.h
index 87182c9..4b481f0 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfStructs.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfStructs.h
@@ -21,12 +21,12 @@
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "DwarfEncoding.h"
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 struct DwarfCie {
   uint8_t version = 0;
-  uint8_t fde_address_encoding = DW_EH_PE_absptr;
-  uint8_t lsda_encoding = DW_EH_PE_omit;
+  uint8_t fde_address_encoding = 0;
+  uint8_t lsda_encoding = 0;
   uint8_t segment_size = 0;
   std::vector<char> augmentation_string;
   uint64_t personality_handler = 0;
@@ -49,4 +49,6 @@
 
 constexpr uint16_t CFA_REG = static_cast<uint16_t>(-1);
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_STRUCTS_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Elf.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h
similarity index 75%
rename from libunwindstack/Elf.h
rename to libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h
index f9db541..4e7eb34 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Elf.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h
@@ -22,14 +22,17 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
-#include "ElfInterface.h"
-#include "Memory.h"
+#include <unwindstack/ElfInterface.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
 
 #if !defined(EM_AARCH64)
 #define EM_AARCH64 183
 #endif
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 // Forward declaration.
+struct MapInfo;
 class Regs;
 
 class Elf {
@@ -41,20 +44,18 @@
 
   void InitGnuDebugdata();
 
-  bool GetSoname(std::string* name) {
-    return valid_ && interface_->GetSoname(name);
-  }
+  bool GetSoname(std::string* name);
 
-  bool GetFunctionName(uint64_t addr, std::string* name, uint64_t* func_offset) {
-    return valid_ && interface_->GetFunctionName(addr, name, func_offset);
-  }
+  bool GetFunctionName(uint64_t addr, std::string* name, uint64_t* func_offset);
 
-  bool Step(uint64_t rel_pc, Regs* regs, Memory* process_memory) {
-    return valid_ && interface_->Step(rel_pc, regs, process_memory);
-  }
+  uint64_t GetRelPc(uint64_t pc, const MapInfo* map_info);
+
+  bool Step(uint64_t rel_pc, Regs* regs, Memory* process_memory);
 
   ElfInterface* CreateInterfaceFromMemory(Memory* memory);
 
+  uint64_t GetLoadBias();
+
   bool valid() { return valid_; }
 
   uint32_t machine_type() { return machine_type_; }
@@ -65,14 +66,23 @@
 
   ElfInterface* interface() { return interface_.get(); }
 
+  ElfInterface* gnu_debugdata_interface() { return gnu_debugdata_interface_.get(); }
+
   static bool IsValidElf(Memory* memory);
 
+  static void GetInfo(Memory* memory, bool* valid, uint64_t* size);
+
  protected:
   bool valid_ = false;
   std::unique_ptr<ElfInterface> interface_;
   std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory_;
   uint32_t machine_type_;
   uint8_t class_type_;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> gnu_debugdata_memory_;
+  std::unique_ptr<ElfInterface> gnu_debugdata_interface_;
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_ELF_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/ElfInterface.h
similarity index 91%
rename from libunwindstack/ElfInterface.h
rename to libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/ElfInterface.h
index d0d0d28..142a625 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/ElfInterface.h
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "DwarfSection.h"
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfSection.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 // Forward declarations.
 class Memory;
@@ -100,6 +102,9 @@
 
   virtual bool HandleType(uint64_t, uint32_t) { return false; }
 
+  template <typename EhdrType>
+  static void GetMaxSizeWithTemplate(Memory* memory, uint64_t* size);
+
   Memory* memory_;
   std::unordered_map<uint64_t, LoadInfo> pt_loads_;
   uint64_t load_bias_ = 0;
@@ -144,6 +149,10 @@
   bool GetFunctionName(uint64_t addr, std::string* name, uint64_t* func_offset) override {
     return ElfInterface::GetFunctionNameWithTemplate<Elf32_Sym>(addr, name, func_offset);
   }
+
+  static void GetMaxSize(Memory* memory, uint64_t* size) {
+    GetMaxSizeWithTemplate<Elf32_Ehdr>(memory, size);
+  }
 };
 
 class ElfInterface64 : public ElfInterface {
@@ -164,6 +173,12 @@
   bool GetFunctionName(uint64_t addr, std::string* name, uint64_t* func_offset) override {
     return ElfInterface::GetFunctionNameWithTemplate<Elf64_Sym>(addr, name, func_offset);
   }
+
+  static void GetMaxSize(Memory* memory, uint64_t* size) {
+    GetMaxSizeWithTemplate<Elf64_Ehdr>(memory, size);
+  }
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_ELF_INTERFACE_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Log.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Log.h
similarity index 93%
rename from libunwindstack/Log.h
rename to libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Log.h
index 2d01aa8..aa1219c 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Log.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Log.h
@@ -19,7 +19,11 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 void log_to_stdout(bool enable);
 void log(uint8_t indent, const char* format, ...);
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_LOG_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/MapInfo.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h
similarity index 79%
rename from libunwindstack/MapInfo.h
rename to libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h
index 79a2ada..f108766 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/MapInfo.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 // Forward declarations.
 class Elf;
 class Memory;
@@ -38,8 +40,15 @@
   // instead of a portion of the file.
   uint64_t elf_offset;
 
-  Memory* CreateMemory(pid_t pid);
-  Elf* GetElf(pid_t pid, bool init_gnu_debugdata = false);
+  // This function guarantees it will never return nullptr.
+  Elf* GetElf(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory, bool init_gnu_debugdata = false);
+
+ private:
+  Memory* GetFileMemory();
+
+  Memory* CreateMemory(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory);
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_MAP_INFO_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Maps.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Maps.h
similarity index 92%
rename from libunwindstack/Maps.h
rename to libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Maps.h
index 239b64a..22122a9 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Maps.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Maps.h
@@ -23,8 +23,9 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "Elf.h"
-#include "MapInfo.h"
+#include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 // Special flag to indicate a map is in /dev/. However, a map in
 // /dev/ashmem/... does not set this flag.
@@ -37,8 +38,6 @@
 
   MapInfo* Find(uint64_t pc);
 
-  bool ParseLine(const char* line, MapInfo* map_info);
-
   virtual bool Parse();
 
   virtual const std::string GetMapsFile() const { return ""; }
@@ -53,6 +52,11 @@
 
   size_t Total() { return maps_.size(); }
 
+  MapInfo* Get(size_t index) {
+    if (index >= maps_.size()) return nullptr;
+    return &maps_[index];
+  }
+
  protected:
   std::vector<MapInfo> maps_;
 };
@@ -104,4 +108,6 @@
   bool Parse() override;
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_MAPS_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Memory.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Memory.h
similarity index 86%
rename from libunwindstack/Memory.h
rename to libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Memory.h
index f9f6d56..183b899 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Memory.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Memory.h
@@ -17,19 +17,23 @@
 #ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_MEMORY_H
 #define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_MEMORY_H
 
-#include <assert.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 class Memory {
  public:
   Memory() = default;
   virtual ~Memory() = default;
 
+  static std::shared_ptr<Memory> CreateProcessMemory(pid_t pid);
+
   virtual bool ReadString(uint64_t addr, std::string* string, uint64_t max_read = UINT64_MAX);
 
   virtual bool Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) = 0;
@@ -46,13 +50,9 @@
     return Read(offset, field, size);
   }
 
-  inline bool Read32(uint64_t addr, uint32_t* dst) {
-    return Read(addr, dst, sizeof(uint32_t));
-  }
+  inline bool Read32(uint64_t addr, uint32_t* dst) { return Read(addr, dst, sizeof(uint32_t)); }
 
-  inline bool Read64(uint64_t addr, uint64_t* dst) {
-    return Read(addr, dst, sizeof(uint64_t));
-  }
+  inline bool Read64(uint64_t addr, uint64_t* dst) { return Read(addr, dst, sizeof(uint64_t)); }
 };
 
 class MemoryBuffer : public Memory {
@@ -128,18 +128,17 @@
 
 class MemoryRange : public Memory {
  public:
-  MemoryRange(Memory* memory, uint64_t begin, uint64_t end)
-      : memory_(memory), begin_(begin), length_(end - begin) {
-    assert(end > begin);
-  }
-  virtual ~MemoryRange() { delete memory_; }
+  MemoryRange(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory, uint64_t begin, uint64_t end);
+  virtual ~MemoryRange() = default;
 
   bool Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) override;
 
  private:
-  Memory* memory_;
+  std::shared_ptr<Memory> memory_;
   uint64_t begin_;
   uint64_t length_;
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_MEMORY_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Regs.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Regs.h
similarity index 71%
rename from libunwindstack/Regs.h
rename to libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Regs.h
index 8f5a721..ed4d38a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Regs.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Regs.h
@@ -21,9 +21,14 @@
 
 #include <vector>
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 // Forward declarations.
 class Elf;
 struct MapInfo;
+class Memory;
+struct x86_ucontext_t;
+struct x86_64_ucontext_t;
 
 class Regs {
  public:
@@ -44,20 +49,27 @@
       : total_regs_(total_regs), sp_reg_(sp_reg), return_loc_(return_loc) {}
   virtual ~Regs() = default;
 
+  virtual uint32_t MachineType() = 0;
+
   virtual void* RawData() = 0;
   virtual uint64_t pc() = 0;
   virtual uint64_t sp() = 0;
 
   virtual bool GetReturnAddressFromDefault(Memory* memory, uint64_t* value) = 0;
 
-  virtual uint64_t GetRelPc(Elf* elf, const MapInfo* map_info) = 0;
-
   virtual uint64_t GetAdjustedPc(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf) = 0;
 
+  virtual bool StepIfSignalHandler(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf, Memory* process_memory) = 0;
+
+  virtual void SetFromRaw() = 0;
+
   uint16_t sp_reg() { return sp_reg_; }
   uint16_t total_regs() { return total_regs_; }
 
-  static Regs* RemoteGet(pid_t pid, uint32_t* machine_type);
+  static uint32_t CurrentMachineType();
+  static Regs* RemoteGet(pid_t pid);
+  static Regs* CreateFromUcontext(uint32_t machine_type, void* ucontext);
+  static Regs* CreateFromLocal();
 
  protected:
   uint16_t total_regs_;
@@ -72,8 +84,6 @@
       : Regs(total_regs, sp_reg, return_loc), regs_(total_regs) {}
   virtual ~RegsImpl() = default;
 
-  uint64_t GetRelPc(Elf* elf, const MapInfo* map_info) override;
-
   bool GetReturnAddressFromDefault(Memory* memory, uint64_t* value) override;
 
   uint64_t pc() override { return pc_; }
@@ -97,7 +107,13 @@
   RegsArm();
   virtual ~RegsArm() = default;
 
+  virtual uint32_t MachineType() override final;
+
   uint64_t GetAdjustedPc(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf) override;
+
+  void SetFromRaw() override;
+
+  bool StepIfSignalHandler(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf, Memory* process_memory) override;
 };
 
 class RegsArm64 : public RegsImpl<uint64_t> {
@@ -105,7 +121,13 @@
   RegsArm64();
   virtual ~RegsArm64() = default;
 
+  virtual uint32_t MachineType() override final;
+
   uint64_t GetAdjustedPc(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf) override;
+
+  void SetFromRaw() override;
+
+  bool StepIfSignalHandler(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf, Memory* process_memory) override;
 };
 
 class RegsX86 : public RegsImpl<uint32_t> {
@@ -113,7 +135,15 @@
   RegsX86();
   virtual ~RegsX86() = default;
 
+  virtual uint32_t MachineType() override final;
+
   uint64_t GetAdjustedPc(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf) override;
+
+  void SetFromRaw() override;
+
+  bool StepIfSignalHandler(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf, Memory* process_memory) override;
+
+  void SetFromUcontext(x86_ucontext_t* ucontext);
 };
 
 class RegsX86_64 : public RegsImpl<uint64_t> {
@@ -121,7 +151,17 @@
   RegsX86_64();
   virtual ~RegsX86_64() = default;
 
+  virtual uint32_t MachineType() override final;
+
   uint64_t GetAdjustedPc(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf) override;
+
+  void SetFromRaw() override;
+
+  bool StepIfSignalHandler(uint64_t rel_pc, Elf* elf, Memory* process_memory) override;
+
+  void SetFromUcontext(x86_64_ucontext_t* ucontext);
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_REGS_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/RegsGetLocal.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/RegsGetLocal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1461d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/RegsGetLocal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
+ * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
+ * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_REGS_GET_LOCAL_H
+#define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_REGS_GET_LOCAL_H
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+#if defined(__arm__)
+
+inline void RegsGetLocal(Regs* regs) {
+  void* reg_data = regs->RawData();
+  asm volatile(
+      ".align 2\n"
+      "bx pc\n"
+      "nop\n"
+      ".code 32\n"
+      "stmia %[base], {r0-r12}\n"
+      "add %[base], #52\n"
+      "mov r1, r13\n"
+      "mov r2, r14\n"
+      "mov r3, r15\n"
+      "stmia %[base], {r1-r3}\n"
+      "orr %[base], pc, #1\n"
+      "bx %[base]\n"
+      : [base] "+r"(reg_data)
+      :
+      : "memory");
+
+  regs->SetFromRaw();
+}
+
+#elif defined(__aarch64__)
+
+inline void RegsGetLocal(Regs* regs) {
+  void* reg_data = regs->RawData();
+  asm volatile(
+      "1:\n"
+      "stp x0, x1, [%[base], #0]\n"
+      "stp x2, x3, [%[base], #16]\n"
+      "stp x4, x5, [%[base], #32]\n"
+      "stp x6, x7, [%[base], #48]\n"
+      "stp x8, x9, [%[base], #64]\n"
+      "stp x10, x11, [%[base], #80]\n"
+      "stp x12, x13, [%[base], #96]\n"
+      "stp x14, x15, [%[base], #112]\n"
+      "stp x16, x17, [%[base], #128]\n"
+      "stp x18, x19, [%[base], #144]\n"
+      "stp x20, x21, [%[base], #160]\n"
+      "stp x22, x23, [%[base], #176]\n"
+      "stp x24, x25, [%[base], #192]\n"
+      "stp x26, x27, [%[base], #208]\n"
+      "stp x28, x29, [%[base], #224]\n"
+      "str x30, [%[base], #240]\n"
+      "mov x12, sp\n"
+      "adr x13, 1b\n"
+      "stp x12, x13, [%[base], #248]\n"
+      : [base] "+r"(reg_data)
+      :
+      : "x12", "x13", "memory");
+
+  regs->SetFromRaw();
+}
+
+#elif defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)
+
+extern "C" void AsmGetRegs(void* regs);
+
+inline void RegsGetLocal(Regs* regs) {
+  AsmGetRegs(regs->RawData());
+
+  regs->SetFromRaw();
+}
+
+#elif defined(__mips__)
+
+// Stub to allow mips to build.
+void RegsGetLocal(Regs*) {}
+
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
+#endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_REGS_GET_LOCAL_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ArmExidxDecodeTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/ArmExidxDecodeTest.cpp
index 4fff48e..94cb493 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ArmExidxDecodeTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ArmExidxDecodeTest.cpp
@@ -23,13 +23,16 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
+#include <unwindstack/Log.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
+
 #include "ArmExidx.h"
-#include "Regs.h"
-#include "Log.h"
 
 #include "LogFake.h"
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 class ArmExidxDecodeTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::string> {
  protected:
   void Init(Memory* process_memory = nullptr) {
@@ -1092,3 +1095,5 @@
 }
 
 INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P(, ArmExidxDecodeTest, ::testing::Values("logging", "no_logging"));
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ArmExidxExtractTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/ArmExidxExtractTest.cpp
index aed75bf..caad131 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ArmExidxExtractTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ArmExidxExtractTest.cpp
@@ -21,12 +21,15 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
+#include <unwindstack/Log.h>
+
 #include "ArmExidx.h"
-#include "Log.h"
 
 #include "LogFake.h"
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 class ArmExidxExtractTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
   void SetUp() override {
@@ -329,3 +332,5 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(exidx_->ExtractEntryData(0x5000));
   ASSERT_EQ("4 unwind Raw Data: 0x11 0x22 0x33 0xb0\n", GetFakeLogPrint());
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfCfaLogTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfCfaLogTest.cpp
index 967c2c2..b17ca33 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfCfaLogTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfCfaLogTest.cpp
@@ -23,15 +23,18 @@
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfLocation.h>
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfMemory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfStructs.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Log.h>
+
 #include "DwarfCfa.h"
-#include "DwarfLocation.h"
-#include "DwarfMemory.h"
-#include "DwarfStructs.h"
-#include "Log.h"
 
 #include "LogFake.h"
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 template <typename TypeParam>
 class DwarfCfaLogTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
@@ -812,3 +815,5 @@
 
 typedef ::testing::Types<uint32_t, uint64_t> DwarfCfaLogTestTypes;
 INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, DwarfCfaLogTest, DwarfCfaLogTestTypes);
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfCfaTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfCfaTest.cpp
index 687af7d..73a67ac 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfCfaTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfCfaTest.cpp
@@ -21,15 +21,19 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfLocation.h>
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfMemory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfStructs.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Log.h>
+
 #include "DwarfCfa.h"
-#include "DwarfLocation.h"
-#include "DwarfMemory.h"
-#include "DwarfStructs.h"
-#include "Log.h"
+#include "DwarfError.h"
 
 #include "LogFake.h"
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 template <typename TypeParam>
 class DwarfCfaTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
@@ -957,3 +961,5 @@
 
 typedef ::testing::Types<uint32_t, uint64_t> DwarfCfaTestTypes;
 INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, DwarfCfaTest, DwarfCfaTestTypes);
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfDebugFrameTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfDebugFrameTest.cpp
index 94a9974..69813e5 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfDebugFrameTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfDebugFrameTest.cpp
@@ -21,11 +21,14 @@
 
 #include "DwarfDebugFrame.h"
 #include "DwarfEncoding.h"
+#include "DwarfError.h"
 
 #include "LogFake.h"
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 #include "RegsFake.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 template <typename TypeParam>
 class MockDwarfDebugFrame : public DwarfDebugFrame<TypeParam> {
  public:
@@ -454,3 +457,5 @@
 
 typedef ::testing::Types<uint32_t, uint64_t> DwarfDebugFrameTestTypes;
 INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, DwarfDebugFrameTest, DwarfDebugFrameTestTypes);
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfEhFrameTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfEhFrameTest.cpp
index 4e538d4..07159b0 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfEhFrameTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfEhFrameTest.cpp
@@ -21,11 +21,14 @@
 
 #include "DwarfEhFrame.h"
 #include "DwarfEncoding.h"
+#include "DwarfError.h"
 
 #include "LogFake.h"
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 #include "RegsFake.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 template <typename TypeParam>
 class MockDwarfEhFrame : public DwarfEhFrame<TypeParam> {
  public:
@@ -121,7 +124,7 @@
 
   auto info = this->eh_frame_->GetFdeInfoFromIndex(2);
   ASSERT_TRUE(info != nullptr);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x1380U, info->pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x1384U, info->pc);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1540U, info->offset);
 }
 
@@ -136,7 +139,7 @@
 
   auto info = this->eh_frame_->GetFdeInfoFromIndex(2);
   ASSERT_TRUE(info != nullptr);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x3340U, info->pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x3344U, info->pc);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x3500U, info->offset);
 }
 
@@ -150,7 +153,7 @@
 
   auto info = this->eh_frame_->GetFdeInfoFromIndex(2);
   ASSERT_TRUE(info != nullptr);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x340U, info->pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x344U, info->pc);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x500U, info->offset);
 
   // Clear the memory so that this will fail if it doesn't read cached data.
@@ -158,7 +161,7 @@
 
   info = this->eh_frame_->GetFdeInfoFromIndex(2);
   ASSERT_TRUE(info != nullptr);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x340U, info->pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x344U, info->pc);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x500U, info->offset);
 }
 
@@ -217,18 +220,18 @@
 
   // Verify that if entries is zero, that it fails.
   uint64_t fde_offset;
-  ASSERT_FALSE(this->eh_frame_->GetFdeOffsetSequential(0x340, &fde_offset));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->eh_frame_->GetFdeOffsetSequential(0x344, &fde_offset));
   this->eh_frame_->TestSetCurEntriesOffset(0x1040);
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(this->eh_frame_->GetFdeOffsetSequential(0x340, &fde_offset));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->eh_frame_->GetFdeOffsetSequential(0x344, &fde_offset));
   EXPECT_EQ(0x500U, fde_offset);
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(this->eh_frame_->GetFdeOffsetSequential(0x440, &fde_offset));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->eh_frame_->GetFdeOffsetSequential(0x444, &fde_offset));
   EXPECT_EQ(0x600U, fde_offset);
 
   // Expect that the data is cached so no more memory reads will occur.
   this->memory_.Clear();
-  ASSERT_TRUE(this->eh_frame_->GetFdeOffsetSequential(0x440, &fde_offset));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->eh_frame_->GetFdeOffsetSequential(0x444, &fde_offset));
   EXPECT_EQ(0x600U, fde_offset);
 }
 
@@ -407,3 +410,5 @@
 
 typedef ::testing::Types<uint32_t, uint64_t> DwarfEhFrameTestTypes;
 INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, DwarfEhFrameTest, DwarfEhFrameTestTypes);
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfMemoryTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfMemoryTest.cpp
index 4877f36..f12d2fe 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfMemoryTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfMemoryTest.cpp
@@ -21,10 +21,12 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "DwarfMemory.h"
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfMemory.h>
 
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 class DwarfMemoryTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
   void SetUp() override {
@@ -50,6 +52,8 @@
   void ReadEncodedValue_non_zero_adjust();
   template <typename AddressType>
   void ReadEncodedValue_overflow();
+  template <typename AddressType>
+  void ReadEncodedValue_high_bit_set();
 
   MemoryFake memory_;
   std::unique_ptr<DwarfMemory> dwarf_mem_;
@@ -237,9 +241,13 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0U, value);
 }
 
-TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_omit_uint32_t) { ReadEncodedValue_omit<uint32_t>(); }
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_omit_uint32_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_omit<uint32_t>();
+}
 
-TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_omit_uint64_t) { ReadEncodedValue_omit<uint64_t>(); }
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_omit_uint64_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_omit<uint64_t>();
+}
 
 TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_absptr_uint32_t) {
   uint64_t value = 100;
@@ -302,9 +310,13 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0xffffffffffffe100ULL, value);
 }
 
-TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_leb128_uint32_t) { ReadEncodedValue_leb128<uint32_t>(); }
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_leb128_uint32_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_leb128<uint32_t>();
+}
 
-TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_leb128_uint64_t) { ReadEncodedValue_leb128<uint64_t>(); }
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_leb128_uint64_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_leb128<uint64_t>();
+}
 
 template <typename AddressType>
 void DwarfMemoryTest::ReadEncodedValue_data1() {
@@ -319,9 +331,13 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0xffffffffffffffe0ULL, value);
 }
 
-TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data1_uint32_t) { ReadEncodedValue_data1<uint32_t>(); }
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data1_uint32_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_data1<uint32_t>();
+}
 
-TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data1_uint64_t) { ReadEncodedValue_data1<uint64_t>(); }
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data1_uint64_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_data1<uint64_t>();
+}
 
 template <typename AddressType>
 void DwarfMemoryTest::ReadEncodedValue_data2() {
@@ -336,9 +352,13 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0xffffffffffffe000ULL, value);
 }
 
-TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data2_uint32_t) { ReadEncodedValue_data2<uint32_t>(); }
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data2_uint32_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_data2<uint32_t>();
+}
 
-TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data2_uint64_t) { ReadEncodedValue_data2<uint64_t>(); }
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data2_uint64_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_data2<uint64_t>();
+}
 
 template <typename AddressType>
 void DwarfMemoryTest::ReadEncodedValue_data4() {
@@ -353,9 +373,13 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0xffffffffe0000000ULL, value);
 }
 
-TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data4_uint32_t) { ReadEncodedValue_data4<uint32_t>(); }
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data4_uint32_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_data4<uint32_t>();
+}
 
-TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data4_uint64_t) { ReadEncodedValue_data4<uint64_t>(); }
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data4_uint64_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_data4<uint64_t>();
+}
 
 template <typename AddressType>
 void DwarfMemoryTest::ReadEncodedValue_data8() {
@@ -370,9 +394,13 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0xe000000000000000ULL, value);
 }
 
-TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data8_uint32_t) { ReadEncodedValue_data8<uint32_t>(); }
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data8_uint32_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_data8<uint32_t>();
+}
 
-TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data8_uint64_t) { ReadEncodedValue_data8<uint64_t>(); }
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data8_uint64_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_data8<uint64_t>();
+}
 
 template <typename AddressType>
 void DwarfMemoryTest::ReadEncodedValue_non_zero_adjust() {
@@ -409,6 +437,26 @@
   ReadEncodedValue_overflow<uint64_t>();
 }
 
+template <typename AddressType>
+void DwarfMemoryTest::ReadEncodedValue_high_bit_set() {
+  uint64_t value;
+  memory_.SetData32(0, 0x15234);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(0xc3, &value));
+
+  dwarf_mem_->set_func_offset(0x60000);
+  dwarf_mem_->set_cur_offset(0);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(0xc3, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x75234U, value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_high_bit_set_uint32_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_high_bit_set<uint32_t>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_high_bit_set_uint64_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_high_bit_set<uint64_t>();
+}
+
 TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, AdjustEncodedValue_absptr) {
   uint64_t value = 0x1234;
   ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->AdjustEncodedValue(0x00, &value));
@@ -470,3 +518,5 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->AdjustEncodedValue(0x40, &value));
   ASSERT_EQ(0x14234U, value);
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpLogTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpLogTest.cpp
index d18aad0..234d1c9 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpLogTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpLogTest.cpp
@@ -21,14 +21,17 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfMemory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Log.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
+
 #include "DwarfError.h"
-#include "DwarfMemory.h"
 #include "DwarfOp.h"
-#include "Log.h"
-#include "Regs.h"
 
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 template <typename TypeParam>
 class DwarfOpLogTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
@@ -66,3 +69,5 @@
 
 typedef ::testing::Types<uint32_t, uint64_t> DwarfOpLogTestTypes;
 INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, DwarfOpLogTest, DwarfOpLogTestTypes);
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpTest.cpp
index 20c488a..47a40cf 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpTest.cpp
@@ -21,14 +21,17 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfMemory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Log.h>
+
 #include "DwarfError.h"
-#include "DwarfMemory.h"
 #include "DwarfOp.h"
-#include "Log.h"
 
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 #include "RegsFake.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 template <typename TypeParam>
 class DwarfOpTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
@@ -1579,3 +1582,5 @@
 
 typedef ::testing::Types<uint32_t, uint64_t> DwarfOpTestTypes;
 INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, DwarfOpTest, DwarfOpTestTypes);
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionImplTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionImplTest.cpp
index 71b114a..b871539 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionImplTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionImplTest.cpp
@@ -19,12 +19,17 @@
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "DwarfSection.h"
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfSection.h>
+
+#include "DwarfEncoding.h"
+#include "DwarfError.h"
 
 #include "LogFake.h"
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 #include "RegsFake.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 template <typename TypeParam>
 class MockDwarfSectionImpl : public DwarfSectionImpl<TypeParam> {
  public:
@@ -830,3 +835,5 @@
 
 typedef ::testing::Types<uint32_t, uint64_t> DwarfSectionImplTestTypes;
 INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, DwarfSectionImplTest, DwarfSectionImplTestTypes);
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionTest.cpp
index 20f0e2a..fc67063 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionTest.cpp
@@ -19,10 +19,12 @@
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "DwarfSection.h"
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfSection.h>
 
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 class MockDwarfSection : public DwarfSection {
  public:
   MockDwarfSection(Memory* memory) : DwarfSection(memory) {}
@@ -158,3 +160,5 @@
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(mock_section.Step(0x1000, nullptr, &process));
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfInterfaceArmTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfInterfaceArmTest.cpp
index 67c9a6b..c7ef4a1 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfInterfaceArmTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfInterfaceArmTest.cpp
@@ -20,12 +20,15 @@
 
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
+
 #include "ElfInterfaceArm.h"
 #include "Machine.h"
-#include "Regs.h"
 
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 class ElfInterfaceArmTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
   void SetUp() override {
@@ -370,3 +373,5 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0x10U, regs.pc());
   ASSERT_EQ(0x10U, regs[ARM_REG_PC]);
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfInterfaceTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfInterfaceTest.cpp
index 0f56ba8..acb7320 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfInterfaceTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfInterfaceTest.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "ElfInterface.h"
+#include <unwindstack/ElfInterface.h>
+
+#include "DwarfEncoding.h"
 #include "ElfInterfaceArm.h"
 
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
@@ -33,6 +35,8 @@
 #define EM_AARCH64 183
 #endif
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 class ElfInterfaceTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
   void SetUp() override {
@@ -921,3 +925,5 @@
 TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets64) {
   InitSectionHeadersOffsets<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, ElfInterface64>();
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp
index 25fec8e..ed1be3b 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp
@@ -15,20 +15,25 @@
  */
 
 #include <elf.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "Elf.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
 
+#include "ElfTestUtils.h"
+#include "LogFake.h"
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 
 #if !defined(PT_ARM_EXIDX)
 #define PT_ARM_EXIDX 0x70000001
 #endif
 
-#if !defined(EM_AARCH64)
-#define EM_AARCH64 183
-#endif
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 class ElfTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
@@ -36,35 +41,16 @@
     memory_ = new MemoryFake;
   }
 
-  template <typename Ehdr>
-  void InitEhdr(Ehdr* ehdr) {
-    memset(ehdr, 0, sizeof(Ehdr));
-    memcpy(&ehdr->e_ident[0], ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
-    ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA] = ELFDATA2LSB;
-    ehdr->e_ident[EI_VERSION] = EV_CURRENT;
-    ehdr->e_ident[EI_OSABI] = ELFOSABI_SYSV;
-  }
-
-  void InitElf32(uint32_t type) {
+  void InitElf32(uint32_t machine_type) {
     Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
+    TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, machine_type);
 
-    InitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr);
-    ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS] = ELFCLASS32;
-
-    ehdr.e_type = ET_DYN;
-    ehdr.e_machine = type;
-    ehdr.e_version = EV_CURRENT;
-    ehdr.e_entry = 0;
     ehdr.e_phoff = 0x100;
-    ehdr.e_shoff = 0;
-    ehdr.e_flags = 0;
     ehdr.e_ehsize = sizeof(ehdr);
     ehdr.e_phentsize = sizeof(Elf32_Phdr);
     ehdr.e_phnum = 1;
     ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf32_Shdr);
-    ehdr.e_shnum = 0;
-    ehdr.e_shstrndx = 0;
-    if (type == EM_ARM) {
+    if (machine_type == EM_ARM) {
       ehdr.e_flags = 0x5000200;
       ehdr.e_phnum = 2;
     }
@@ -73,16 +59,13 @@
     Elf32_Phdr phdr;
     memset(&phdr, 0, sizeof(phdr));
     phdr.p_type = PT_LOAD;
-    phdr.p_offset = 0;
-    phdr.p_vaddr = 0;
-    phdr.p_paddr = 0;
     phdr.p_filesz = 0x10000;
     phdr.p_memsz = 0x10000;
     phdr.p_flags = PF_R | PF_X;
     phdr.p_align = 0x1000;
     memory_->SetMemory(0x100, &phdr, sizeof(phdr));
 
-    if (type == EM_ARM) {
+    if (machine_type == EM_ARM) {
       memset(&phdr, 0, sizeof(phdr));
       phdr.p_type = PT_ARM_EXIDX;
       phdr.p_offset = 0x30000;
@@ -96,33 +79,21 @@
     }
   }
 
-  void InitElf64(uint32_t type) {
+  void InitElf64(uint32_t machine_type) {
     Elf64_Ehdr ehdr;
+    TestInitEhdr<Elf64_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS64, machine_type);
 
-    InitEhdr<Elf64_Ehdr>(&ehdr);
-    ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS] = ELFCLASS64;
-
-    ehdr.e_type = ET_DYN;
-    ehdr.e_machine = type;
-    ehdr.e_version = EV_CURRENT;
-    ehdr.e_entry = 0;
     ehdr.e_phoff = 0x100;
-    ehdr.e_shoff = 0;
     ehdr.e_flags = 0x5000200;
     ehdr.e_ehsize = sizeof(ehdr);
     ehdr.e_phentsize = sizeof(Elf64_Phdr);
     ehdr.e_phnum = 1;
     ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf64_Shdr);
-    ehdr.e_shnum = 0;
-    ehdr.e_shstrndx = 0;
     memory_->SetMemory(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
 
     Elf64_Phdr phdr;
     memset(&phdr, 0, sizeof(phdr));
     phdr.p_type = PT_LOAD;
-    phdr.p_offset = 0;
-    phdr.p_vaddr = 0;
-    phdr.p_paddr = 0;
     phdr.p_filesz = 0x10000;
     phdr.p_memsz = 0x10000;
     phdr.p_flags = PF_R | PF_X;
@@ -161,6 +132,32 @@
   ASSERT_FALSE(elf.Step(0, nullptr, nullptr));
 }
 
+TEST_F(ElfTest, elf32_invalid_machine) {
+  Elf elf(memory_);
+
+  InitElf32(EM_PPC);
+
+  ResetLogs();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf.Init());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ("", GetFakeLogBuf());
+  ASSERT_EQ("4 unwind 32 bit elf that is neither arm nor x86: e_machine = 20\n\n",
+            GetFakeLogPrint());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfTest, elf64_invalid_machine) {
+  Elf elf(memory_);
+
+  InitElf64(EM_PPC64);
+
+  ResetLogs();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf.Init());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ("", GetFakeLogBuf());
+  ASSERT_EQ("4 unwind 64 bit elf that is neither aarch64 nor x86_64: e_machine = 21\n\n",
+            GetFakeLogPrint());
+}
+
 TEST_F(ElfTest, elf_arm) {
   Elf elf(memory_);
 
@@ -208,3 +205,95 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(ELFCLASS64, elf.class_type());
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.interface() != nullptr);
 }
+
+TEST_F(ElfTest, gnu_debugdata_init_fail32) {
+  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM, false,
+                                               [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
+                                                 memory_->SetMemory(offset, ptr, size);
+                                               });
+
+  Elf elf(memory_);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.interface() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.gnu_debugdata_interface() == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x1acU, elf.interface()->gnu_debugdata_offset());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x100U, elf.interface()->gnu_debugdata_size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfTest, gnu_debugdata_init_fail64) {
+  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64, false,
+                                               [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
+                                                 memory_->SetMemory(offset, ptr, size);
+                                               });
+
+  Elf elf(memory_);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.interface() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.gnu_debugdata_interface() == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x200U, elf.interface()->gnu_debugdata_offset());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x100U, elf.interface()->gnu_debugdata_size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfTest, gnu_debugdata_init32) {
+  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM, true,
+                                               [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
+                                                 memory_->SetMemory(offset, ptr, size);
+                                               });
+
+  Elf elf(memory_);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.interface() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.gnu_debugdata_interface() == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x1acU, elf.interface()->gnu_debugdata_offset());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x8cU, elf.interface()->gnu_debugdata_size());
+
+  elf.InitGnuDebugdata();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.gnu_debugdata_interface() != nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfTest, gnu_debugdata_init64) {
+  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64, true,
+                                               [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
+                                                 memory_->SetMemory(offset, ptr, size);
+                                               });
+
+  Elf elf(memory_);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.interface() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.gnu_debugdata_interface() == nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x200U, elf.interface()->gnu_debugdata_offset());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x90U, elf.interface()->gnu_debugdata_size());
+
+  elf.InitGnuDebugdata();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.gnu_debugdata_interface() != nullptr);
+}
+
+class MockElf : public Elf {
+ public:
+  MockElf(Memory* memory) : Elf(memory) {}
+  virtual ~MockElf() = default;
+
+  void set_valid(bool valid) { valid_ = valid; }
+  void set_elf_interface(ElfInterface* interface) { interface_.reset(interface); }
+};
+
+TEST_F(ElfTest, rel_pc) {
+  MockElf elf(memory_);
+
+  ElfInterface* interface = new ElfInterface32(memory_);
+  elf.set_elf_interface(interface);
+
+  elf.set_valid(true);
+  interface->set_load_bias(0);
+  MapInfo map_info{.start = 0x1000, .end = 0x2000};
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x101U, elf.GetRelPc(0x1101, &map_info));
+
+  interface->set_load_bias(0x3000);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x3101U, elf.GetRelPc(0x1101, &map_info));
+
+  elf.set_valid(false);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x101U, elf.GetRelPc(0x1101, &map_info));
+}
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTestUtils.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTestUtils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..069386b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTestUtils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <elf.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/ptrace.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "ElfTestUtils.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+template <typename Ehdr>
+void TestInitEhdr(Ehdr* ehdr, uint32_t elf_class, uint32_t machine_type) {
+  memset(ehdr, 0, sizeof(Ehdr));
+  memcpy(&ehdr->e_ident[0], ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
+  ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA] = ELFDATA2LSB;
+  ehdr->e_ident[EI_VERSION] = EV_CURRENT;
+  ehdr->e_ident[EI_OSABI] = ELFOSABI_SYSV;
+  ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS] = elf_class;
+  ehdr->e_type = ET_DYN;
+  ehdr->e_machine = machine_type;
+  ehdr->e_version = EV_CURRENT;
+  ehdr->e_ehsize = sizeof(Ehdr);
+}
+
+static std::string GetTestFileDirectory() {
+  std::string exec(testing::internal::GetArgvs()[0]);
+  auto const value = exec.find_last_of('/');
+  if (value == std::string::npos) {
+    return "tests/files/";
+  }
+  return exec.substr(0, value + 1) + "tests/files/";
+}
+
+template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr>
+void TestInitGnuDebugdata(uint32_t elf_class, uint32_t machine, bool init_gnu_debugdata,
+                          TestCopyFuncType copy_func) {
+  Ehdr ehdr;
+
+  TestInitEhdr(&ehdr, elf_class, machine);
+
+  uint64_t offset = sizeof(Ehdr);
+  ehdr.e_shoff = offset;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 3;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Shdr);
+  ehdr.e_shstrndx = 2;
+  copy_func(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+  Shdr shdr;
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_NULL;
+  copy_func(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  // Skip this header, it will contain the gnu_debugdata information.
+  uint64_t gnu_offset = offset;
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  uint64_t symtab_offset = sizeof(ehdr) + ehdr.e_shnum * ehdr.e_shentsize;
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_name = 1;
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
+  shdr.sh_offset = symtab_offset;
+  shdr.sh_size = 0x100;
+  copy_func(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+
+  char value = '\0';
+  uint64_t symname_offset = symtab_offset;
+  copy_func(symname_offset, &value, 1);
+  symname_offset++;
+  std::string name(".shstrtab");
+  copy_func(symname_offset, name.c_str(), name.size() + 1);
+  symname_offset += name.size() + 1;
+  name = ".gnu_debugdata";
+  copy_func(symname_offset, name.c_str(), name.size() + 1);
+
+  ssize_t bytes = 0x100;
+  offset = symtab_offset + 0x100;
+  if (init_gnu_debugdata) {
+    // Read in the compressed elf data and copy it in.
+    name = GetTestFileDirectory();
+    if (elf_class == ELFCLASS32) {
+      name += "elf32.xz";
+    } else {
+      name += "elf64.xz";
+    }
+    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(name.c_str(), O_RDONLY));
+    ASSERT_NE(-1, fd) << "Cannot open " + name;
+    // Assumes the file is less than 1024 bytes.
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buf(1024);
+    bytes = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buf.data(), buf.size()));
+    ASSERT_GT(bytes, 0);
+    // Make sure the file isn't too big.
+    ASSERT_NE(static_cast<size_t>(bytes), buf.size())
+        << "File " + name + " is too big, increase buffer size.";
+    close(fd);
+    buf.resize(bytes);
+    copy_func(offset, buf.data(), buf.size());
+  }
+
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_PROGBITS;
+  shdr.sh_name = symname_offset - symtab_offset;
+  shdr.sh_addr = offset;
+  shdr.sh_offset = offset;
+  shdr.sh_size = bytes;
+  copy_func(gnu_offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+}
+
+template void TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(Elf32_Ehdr*, uint32_t, uint32_t);
+template void TestInitEhdr<Elf64_Ehdr>(Elf64_Ehdr*, uint32_t, uint32_t);
+
+template void TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(uint32_t, uint32_t, bool,
+                                                           TestCopyFuncType);
+template void TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(uint32_t, uint32_t, bool,
+                                                           TestCopyFuncType);
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTestUtils.h b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTestUtils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ef00e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTestUtils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_TESTS_ELF_TEST_UTILS_H
+#define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_TESTS_ELF_TEST_UTILS_H
+
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+typedef std::function<void(uint64_t, const void*, size_t)> TestCopyFuncType;
+
+template <typename Ehdr>
+void TestInitEhdr(Ehdr* ehdr, uint32_t elf_class, uint32_t machine_type);
+
+template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr>
+void TestInitGnuDebugdata(uint32_t elf_class, uint32_t machine_type, bool init_gnu_debudata,
+                          TestCopyFuncType copy_func);
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
+#endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_TESTS_ELF_TEST_UTILS_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/GenGnuDebugdata.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/GenGnuDebugdata.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2644582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/GenGnuDebugdata.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <elf.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#if !defined(EM_AARCH64)
+#define EM_AARCH64 183
+#endif
+
+template <typename Ehdr>
+void InitEhdr(Ehdr* ehdr, uint32_t elf_class, uint32_t machine) {
+  memset(ehdr, 0, sizeof(Ehdr));
+  memcpy(&ehdr->e_ident[0], ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
+  ehdr->e_ident[EI_DATA] = ELFDATA2LSB;
+  ehdr->e_ident[EI_VERSION] = EV_CURRENT;
+  ehdr->e_ident[EI_OSABI] = ELFOSABI_SYSV;
+  ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS] = elf_class;
+  ehdr->e_type = ET_DYN;
+  ehdr->e_machine = machine;
+  ehdr->e_version = EV_CURRENT;
+  ehdr->e_ehsize = sizeof(Ehdr);
+}
+
+template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr>
+void GenElf(Ehdr* ehdr, int fd) {
+  uint64_t offset = sizeof(Ehdr);
+  ehdr->e_shoff = offset;
+  ehdr->e_shnum = 3;
+  ehdr->e_shentsize = sizeof(Shdr);
+  ehdr->e_shstrndx = 2;
+  TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fd, ehdr, sizeof(Ehdr)));
+
+  Shdr shdr;
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_name = 0;
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_NULL;
+  TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fd, &shdr, sizeof(Shdr)));
+  offset += ehdr->e_shentsize;
+
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_PROGBITS;
+  shdr.sh_name = 11;
+  shdr.sh_addr = 0x5000;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0x5000;
+  shdr.sh_entsize = 0x100;
+  shdr.sh_size = 0x800;
+  TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fd, &shdr, sizeof(Shdr)));
+  offset += ehdr->e_shentsize;
+
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
+  shdr.sh_name = 1;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0x200;
+  shdr.sh_size = 24;
+  TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fd, &shdr, sizeof(Shdr)));
+
+  // Write out the name entries information.
+  lseek(fd, 0x200, SEEK_SET);
+  std::string name;
+  TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fd, name.data(), name.size() + 1));
+  name = ".shstrtab";
+  TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fd, name.data(), name.size() + 1));
+  name = ".debug_frame";
+  TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fd, name.data(), name.size() + 1));
+}
+
+int main() {
+  int elf32_fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("elf32", O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0644));
+  if (elf32_fd == -1) {
+    printf("Failed to create elf32: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  int elf64_fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("elf64", O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0644));
+  if (elf64_fd == -1) {
+    printf("Failed to create elf64: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  Elf32_Ehdr ehdr32;
+  InitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr32, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
+  GenElf<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(&ehdr32, elf32_fd);
+  close(elf32_fd);
+
+  Elf64_Ehdr ehdr64;
+  InitEhdr<Elf64_Ehdr>(&ehdr64, ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64);
+  GenElf<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(&ehdr64, elf64_fd);
+  close(elf64_fd);
+}
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/LogFake.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/LogFake.cpp
index 411594a..537ccaf 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/LogFake.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/LogFake.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 #include "LogFake.h"
 
 // Forward declarations.
-class Backtrace;
 struct EventTagMap;
 struct AndroidLogEntry;
 
@@ -33,6 +32,8 @@
 
 std::string g_fake_log_print;
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 void ResetLogs() {
   g_fake_log_buf = "";
   g_fake_log_print = "";
@@ -46,6 +47,8 @@
   return g_fake_log_print;
 }
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 extern "C" int __android_log_buf_write(int bufId, int prio, const char* tag, const char* msg) {
   g_fake_log_buf += std::to_string(bufId) + ' ' + std::to_string(prio) + ' ';
   g_fake_log_buf += tag;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/LogFake.h b/libunwindstack/tests/LogFake.h
index 006d393..e1dc50d 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/LogFake.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/LogFake.h
@@ -19,8 +19,12 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 void ResetLogs();
 std::string GetFakeLogBuf();
 std::string GetFakeLogPrint();
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_TESTS_LOG_FAKE_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2aad49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <elf.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/ptrace.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+#include "MemoryFake.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+class MapInfoCreateMemoryTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr>
+  static void InitElf(int fd, uint64_t file_offset, uint64_t sh_offset, uint8_t class_type) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(20000);
+    memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+
+    Ehdr ehdr;
+    memset(&ehdr, 0, sizeof(ehdr));
+    memcpy(ehdr.e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
+    ehdr.e_ident[EI_CLASS] = class_type;
+    ehdr.e_shoff = sh_offset;
+    ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Shdr) + 100;
+    ehdr.e_shnum = 4;
+    memcpy(&buffer[file_offset], &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+  }
+
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
+    memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+    memcpy(buffer.data(), ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
+    buffer[EI_CLASS] = ELFCLASS32;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+
+    memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+    memcpy(&buffer[0x100], ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
+    buffer[0x100 + EI_CLASS] = ELFCLASS64;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_at_100_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+
+    InitElf<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(elf32_at_map_.fd, 0x1000, 0x2000, ELFCLASS32);
+    InitElf<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(elf64_at_map_.fd, 0x2000, 0x3000, ELFCLASS64);
+  }
+
+  void SetUp() override {
+    memory_ = new MemoryFake;
+    process_memory_.reset(memory_);
+  }
+
+  MemoryFake* memory_;
+  std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory_;
+
+  static TemporaryFile elf_;
+
+  static TemporaryFile elf_at_100_;
+
+  static TemporaryFile elf32_at_map_;
+  static TemporaryFile elf64_at_map_;
+};
+TemporaryFile MapInfoCreateMemoryTest::elf_;
+TemporaryFile MapInfoCreateMemoryTest::elf_at_100_;
+TemporaryFile MapInfoCreateMemoryTest::elf32_at_map_;
+TemporaryFile MapInfoCreateMemoryTest::elf64_at_map_;
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, end_le_start) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x100, .end = 0x100, .offset = 0, .name = elf_.path};
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() == nullptr);
+
+  info.end = 0xff;
+  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() == nullptr);
+
+  // Make sure this test is valid.
+  info.end = 0x101;
+  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
+}
+
+// Verify that if the offset is non-zero but there is no elf at the offset,
+// that the full file is used.
+TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_full_file) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x100, .end = 0x200, .offset = 0x100, .name = elf_.path};
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x100U, info.elf_offset);
+
+  // Read the entire file.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0, buffer.data(), 1024));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memcmp(buffer.data(), ELFMAG, SELFMAG) == 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(ELFCLASS32, buffer[EI_CLASS]);
+  for (size_t i = EI_CLASS + 1; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory->Read(1024, buffer.data(), 1));
+}
+
+// Verify that if the offset is non-zero and there is an elf at that
+// offset, that only part of the file is used.
+TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x100, .end = 0x200, .offset = 0x100, .name = elf_at_100_.path};
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, info.elf_offset);
+
+  // Read the valid part of the file.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x100);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0, buffer.data(), 0x100));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memcmp(buffer.data(), ELFMAG, SELFMAG) == 0);
+  ASSERT_EQ(ELFCLASS64, buffer[EI_CLASS]);
+  for (size_t i = EI_CLASS + 1; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory->Read(0x100, buffer.data(), 1));
+}
+
+// Verify that if the offset is non-zero and there is an elf at that
+// offset, that only part of the file is used. Further verify that if the
+// embedded elf is bigger than the initial map, the new object is larger
+// than the original map size. Do this for a 32 bit elf and a 64 bit elf.
+TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file_whole_elf32) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x5000, .end = 0x6000, .offset = 0x1000, .name = elf32_at_map_.path};
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, info.elf_offset);
+
+  // Verify the memory is a valid elf.
+  uint8_t e_ident[SELFMAG + 1];
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0, e_ident, SELFMAG));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG));
+
+  // Read past the end of what would normally be the size of the map.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0x1000, e_ident, 1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file_whole_elf64) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x7000, .end = 0x8000, .offset = 0x2000, .name = elf64_at_map_.path};
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, info.elf_offset);
+
+  // Verify the memory is a valid elf.
+  uint8_t e_ident[SELFMAG + 1];
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0, e_ident, SELFMAG));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG));
+
+  // Read past the end of what would normally be the size of the map.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0x1000, e_ident, 1));
+}
+
+// Verify that device file names will never result in Memory object creation.
+TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, check_device_maps) {
+  // Set up some memory so that a valid local memory object would
+  // be returned if the file mapping fails, but the device check is incorrect.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
+  MapInfo info;
+  info.start = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(buffer.data());
+  info.end = info.start + buffer.size();
+  info.offset = 0;
+
+  info.flags = 0x8000;
+  info.name = "/dev/something";
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, process_memory) {
+  MapInfo info;
+  info.start = 0x2000;
+  info.end = 0x3000;
+  info.offset = 0;
+
+  // Verify that the the process_memory object is used, so seed it
+  // with memory.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
+    buffer[i] = i % 256;
+  }
+  memory_->SetMemory(info.start, buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
+
+  memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(i % 256, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+
+  // Try to read outside of the map size.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory->Read(buffer.size(), buffer.data(), 1));
+}
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b70d13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <elf.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/ptrace.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+#include "ElfTestUtils.h"
+#include "MemoryFake.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+class MapInfoGetElfTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    memory_ = new MemoryFake;
+    process_memory_.reset(memory_);
+  }
+
+  template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr>
+  static void InitElf(uint64_t sh_offset, Ehdr* ehdr, uint8_t class_type, uint8_t machine_type) {
+    memset(ehdr, 0, sizeof(*ehdr));
+    memcpy(ehdr->e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
+    ehdr->e_ident[EI_CLASS] = class_type;
+    ehdr->e_machine = machine_type;
+    ehdr->e_shoff = sh_offset;
+    ehdr->e_shentsize = sizeof(Shdr) + 100;
+    ehdr->e_shnum = 4;
+  }
+
+  const size_t kMapSize = 4096;
+
+  std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory_;
+  MemoryFake* memory_;
+
+  TemporaryFile elf_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, invalid) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x1000, .end = 0x2000, .offset = 0, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = ""};
+
+  // The map is empty, but this should still create an invalid elf object.
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.get() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, valid32) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x3000, .end = 0x4000, .offset = 0, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = ""};
+
+  Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
+  memory_->SetMemory(0x3000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.get() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_ARM), elf->machine_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ELFCLASS32, elf->class_type());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, valid64) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x8000, .end = 0x9000, .offset = 0, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = ""};
+
+  Elf64_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf64_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64);
+  memory_->SetMemory(0x8000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.get() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_AARCH64), elf->machine_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ELFCLASS64, elf->class_type());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, gnu_debugdata_do_not_init32) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x4000, .end = 0x8000, .offset = 0, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = ""};
+
+  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM, false,
+                                               [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
+                                                 memory_->SetMemory(0x4000 + offset, ptr, size);
+                                               });
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.get() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_ARM), elf->machine_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ELFCLASS32, elf->class_type());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(elf->gnu_debugdata_interface() == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, gnu_debugdata_do_not_init64) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x6000, .end = 0x8000, .offset = 0, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = ""};
+
+  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64, false,
+                                               [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
+                                                 memory_->SetMemory(0x6000 + offset, ptr, size);
+                                               });
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.get() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_AARCH64), elf->machine_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ELFCLASS64, elf->class_type());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(elf->gnu_debugdata_interface() == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, gnu_debugdata_init32) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x2000, .end = 0x3000, .offset = 0, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = ""};
+
+  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM, true,
+                                               [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
+                                                 memory_->SetMemory(0x2000 + offset, ptr, size);
+                                               });
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, true));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.get() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_ARM), elf->machine_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ELFCLASS32, elf->class_type());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(elf->gnu_debugdata_interface() != nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, gnu_debugdata_init64) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x5000, .end = 0x8000, .offset = 0, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = ""};
+
+  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64, true,
+                                               [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
+                                                 memory_->SetMemory(0x5000 + offset, ptr, size);
+                                               });
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, true));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.get() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_AARCH64), elf->machine_type());
+  EXPECT_EQ(ELFCLASS64, elf->class_type());
+  EXPECT_TRUE(elf->gnu_debugdata_interface() != nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, end_le_start) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x1000, .end = 0x1000, .offset = 0, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = elf_.path};
+
+  Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr)));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
+
+  info.elf = nullptr;
+  info.end = 0xfff;
+  elf.reset(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
+
+  // Make sure this test is valid.
+  info.elf = nullptr;
+  info.end = 0x2000;
+  elf.reset(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+}
+
+// Verify that if the offset is non-zero but there is no elf at the offset,
+// that the full file is used.
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_full_file) {
+  MapInfo info{
+      .start = 0x1000, .end = 0x2000, .offset = 0x100, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = elf_.path};
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x1000);
+  memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+  Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
+  memcpy(buffer.data(), &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x100U, info.elf_offset);
+
+  // Read the entire file.
+  memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory()->Read(0, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(buffer.data(), &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr)));
+  for (size_t i = sizeof(ehdr); i < buffer.size(); i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->memory()->Read(buffer.size(), buffer.data(), 1));
+}
+
+// Verify that if the offset is non-zero and there is an elf at that
+// offset, that only part of the file is used.
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file) {
+  MapInfo info{
+      .start = 0x1000, .end = 0x2000, .offset = 0x2000, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = elf_.path};
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x4000);
+  memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+  Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
+  memcpy(&buffer[info.offset], &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, info.elf_offset);
+
+  // Read the valid part of the file.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory()->Read(0, buffer.data(), 0x1000));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(buffer.data(), &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr)));
+  for (size_t i = sizeof(ehdr); i < 0x1000; i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->memory()->Read(0x1000, buffer.data(), 1));
+}
+
+// Verify that if the offset is non-zero and there is an elf at that
+// offset, that only part of the file is used. Further verify that if the
+// embedded elf is bigger than the initial map, the new object is larger
+// than the original map size. Do this for a 32 bit elf and a 64 bit elf.
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file_whole_elf32) {
+  MapInfo info{
+      .start = 0x5000, .end = 0x6000, .offset = 0x1000, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = elf_.path};
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x4000);
+  memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+  Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
+  ehdr.e_shoff = 0x2000;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf32_Shdr) + 100;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 4;
+  memcpy(&buffer[info.offset], &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, info.elf_offset);
+
+  // Verify the memory is a valid elf.
+  memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory()->Read(0, buffer.data(), 0x1000));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(buffer.data(), &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr)));
+
+  // Read past the end of what would normally be the size of the map.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory()->Read(0x1000, buffer.data(), 1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file_whole_elf64) {
+  MapInfo info{
+      .start = 0x7000, .end = 0x8000, .offset = 0x1000, .flags = PROT_READ, .name = elf_.path};
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x4000);
+  memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+  Elf64_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf64_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64);
+  ehdr.e_shoff = 0x2000;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf64_Shdr) + 100;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 4;
+  memcpy(&buffer[info.offset], &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, info.elf_offset);
+
+  // Verify the memory is a valid elf.
+  memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory()->Read(0, buffer.data(), 0x1000));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(buffer.data(), &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr)));
+
+  // Read past the end of what would normally be the size of the map.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory()->Read(0x1000, buffer.data(), 1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, process_memory_not_read_only) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x9000, .end = 0xa000, .offset = 0x1000, .flags = 0, .name = ""};
+
+  // Create valid elf data in process memory only.
+  Elf64_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf64_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64);
+  ehdr.e_shoff = 0x2000;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf64_Shdr) + 100;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 4;
+  memory_->SetMemory(0x9000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
+
+  info.elf = nullptr;
+  info.flags = PROT_READ;
+  elf.reset(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, check_device_maps) {
+  MapInfo info{.start = 0x7000,
+               .end = 0x8000,
+               .offset = 0x1000,
+               .flags = PROT_READ | MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP,
+               .name = "/dev/something"};
+
+  // Create valid elf data in process memory for this to verify that only
+  // the name is causing invalid elf data.
+  Elf64_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf64_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS64, EM_X86_64);
+  ehdr.e_shoff = 0x2000;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf64_Shdr) + 100;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 4;
+  memory_->SetMemory(0x7000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
+
+  // Set the name to nothing to verify that it still fails.
+  info.elf = nullptr;
+  info.name = "";
+  elf.reset(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
+
+  // Change the flags and verify the elf is valid now.
+  info.elf = nullptr;
+  info.flags = PROT_READ;
+  elf.reset(info.GetElf(process_memory_, false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+}
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoTest.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6e47dc0..0000000
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoTest.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,220 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <elf.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <sys/ptrace.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
-#include "Elf.h"
-#include "MapInfo.h"
-#include "Memory.h"
-
-class MapInfoTest : public ::testing::Test {
- protected:
-  static void SetUpTestCase() {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
-    memcpy(buffer.data(), ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
-    for (size_t i = SELFMAG; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
-      buffer[i] = i / 256 + 1;
-    }
-    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < 0x100; i++) {
-      buffer[i] = i / 256 + 1;
-    }
-    memcpy(&buffer[0x100], ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
-    for (size_t i = 0x100 + SELFMAG; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
-      buffer[i] = i / 256 + 1;
-    }
-    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_at_100_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
-  }
-
-  static TemporaryFile elf_;
-
-  static TemporaryFile elf_at_100_;
-};
-TemporaryFile MapInfoTest::elf_;
-TemporaryFile MapInfoTest::elf_at_100_;
-
-TEST_F(MapInfoTest, end_le_start) {
-  MapInfo info{.start = 0x100, .end = 0x100, .offset = 0, .name = elf_.path};
-
-  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory;
-  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(getpid()));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() == nullptr);
-
-  info.end = 0xff;
-  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(getpid()));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() == nullptr);
-
-  // Make sure this test is valid.
-  info.end = 0x101;
-  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(getpid()));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
-}
-
-// Verify that if the offset is non-zero but there is no elf at the offset,
-// that the full file is used.
-TEST_F(MapInfoTest, create_memory_file_backed_non_zero_offset_full_file) {
-  MapInfo info{.start = 0x100, .end = 0x200, .offset = 0x100, .name = elf_.path};
-
-  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(getpid()));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x100U, info.elf_offset);
-
-  // Read the entire file.
-  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0, buffer.data(), 1024));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memcmp(buffer.data(), ELFMAG, SELFMAG) == 0);
-  for (size_t i = SELFMAG; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(i / 256 + 1, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
-  }
-
-  ASSERT_FALSE(memory->Read(1024, buffer.data(), 1));
-}
-
-// Verify that if the offset is non-zero and there is an elf at that
-// offset, that only part of the file is used.
-TEST_F(MapInfoTest, create_memory_file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file) {
-  MapInfo info{.start = 0x100, .end = 0x200, .offset = 0x100, .name = elf_at_100_.path};
-
-  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(getpid()));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0U, info.elf_offset);
-
-  // Read the valid part of the file.
-  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x100);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0, buffer.data(), 0x100));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memcmp(buffer.data(), ELFMAG, SELFMAG) == 0);
-  for (size_t i = SELFMAG; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(2, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
-  }
-
-  ASSERT_FALSE(memory->Read(0x100, buffer.data(), 1));
-}
-
-// Verify that device file names will never result in Memory object creation.
-TEST_F(MapInfoTest, create_memory_check_device_maps) {
-  // Set up some memory so that a valid local memory object would
-  // be returned if the file mapping fails, but the device check is incorrect.
-  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
-  MapInfo info;
-  info.start = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(buffer.data());
-  info.end = info.start + buffer.size();
-  info.offset = 0;
-  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory;
-
-  info.flags = 0x8000;
-  info.name = "/dev/something";
-  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(getpid()));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() == nullptr);
-}
-
-TEST_F(MapInfoTest, create_memory_local_memory) {
-  // Set up some memory for a valid local memory object.
-  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
-    buffer[i] = i % 256;
-  }
-
-  MapInfo info;
-  info.start = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(buffer.data());
-  info.end = info.start + buffer.size();
-  info.offset = 0;
-
-  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory;
-  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(getpid()));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
-
-  std::vector<uint8_t> read_buffer(1024);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0, read_buffer.data(), read_buffer.size()));
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < read_buffer.size(); i++) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(i % 256, read_buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
-  }
-
-  ASSERT_FALSE(memory->Read(read_buffer.size(), read_buffer.data(), 1));
-}
-
-TEST_F(MapInfoTest, create_memory_remote_memory) {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
-  memset(buffer.data(), 0xa, buffer.size());
-
-  pid_t pid;
-  if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
-    while (true)
-      ;
-    exit(1);
-  }
-  ASSERT_LT(0, pid);
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0) != -1);
-  uint64_t iterations = 0;
-  siginfo_t si;
-  while (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &si)) < 0 && errno == ESRCH) {
-    usleep(30);
-    iterations++;
-    ASSERT_LT(iterations, 500000000ULL);
-  }
-
-  MapInfo info;
-  info.start = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(buffer.data());
-  info.end = info.start + buffer.size();
-  info.offset = 0;
-
-  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory;
-  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(pid));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
-  // Set the local memory to a different value to guarantee we are reading
-  // from the remote process.
-  memset(buffer.data(), 0x1, buffer.size());
-  std::vector<uint8_t> read_buffer(1024);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Read(0, read_buffer.data(), read_buffer.size()));
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < read_buffer.size(); i++) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(0xaU, read_buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
-  }
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, 0) == 0);
-
-  kill(pid, SIGKILL);
-}
-
-TEST_F(MapInfoTest, get_elf) {
-  // Create a map to use as initialization data.
-  void* map = mmap(nullptr, 1024, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
-  ASSERT_NE(MAP_FAILED, map);
-
-  uint64_t start = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(map);
-  MapInfo info{.start = start, .end = start + 1024, .offset = 0, .name = ""};
-
-  // The map contains garbage, but this should still produce an elf object.
-  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf(info.GetElf(getpid(), false));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.get() != nullptr);
-  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, munmap(map, 1024));
-}
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp
index 7eb9bae..2d15a4e 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp
@@ -14,21 +14,128 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <inttypes.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "Maps.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+static void VerifyLine(std::string line, MapInfo* info) {
+  BufferMaps maps(line.c_str());
+
+  if (info == nullptr) {
+    ASSERT_FALSE(maps.Parse()) << "Failed on: " + line;
+  } else {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse()) << "Failed on: " + line;
+    MapInfo* element = maps.Get(0);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(element != nullptr) << "Failed on: " + line;
+    *info = *element;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(MapsTest, verify_parse_line) {
+  MapInfo info;
+
+  VerifyLine("01-02 rwxp 03 04:05 06\n", &info);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1U, info.start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2U, info.end);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC, info.flags);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3U, info.offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", info.name);
+
+  VerifyLine("0a-0b ---s 0c 0d:0e 06 /fake/name\n", &info);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xaU, info.start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xbU, info.end);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, info.flags);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xcU, info.offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ("/fake/name", info.name);
+
+  VerifyLine("01-02   rwxp   03    04:05    06    /fake/name/again\n", &info);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1U, info.start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2U, info.end);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC, info.flags);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3U, info.offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ("/fake/name/again", info.name);
+
+  VerifyLine("-00 rwxp 00 00:00 0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00- rwxp 00 00:00 0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 rwxp 00 :00 0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 rwxp 00 00:00 \n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("x-00 rwxp 00 00:00 0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00 -00 rwxp 00 00:00 0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-x rwxp 00 00:00 0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-x rwxp 00 00:00 0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00x rwxp 00 00:00 0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 rwxp0 00 00:00 0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 rwxp0 00 00:00 0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 rwp 00 00:00 0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 rwxp 0000:00 0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 rwxp 00 00 :00 0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 rwxp 00 00: 00 0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 rwxp 00 00:000\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 rwxp 00 00:00 0/fake\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 xxxx 00 00:00 0 /fake\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 ywxp 00 00:00 0 /fake\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 ryxp 00 00:00 0 /fake\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 rwyp 00 00:00 0 /fake\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 rwx- 00 00:00 0 /fake\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 \n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 -\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 r\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 --\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 rw\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 ---\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 rwx\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 ---s\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 ---p\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 ---s 0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 ---p 0 \n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 ---p 0 0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 ---p 0 0:\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 ---p 0 0:0\n", nullptr);
+  VerifyLine("00-00 ---p 0 0:0 \n", nullptr);
+
+  // Line to verify that the parser will detect a completely malformed line
+  // properly.
+  VerifyLine("7ffff7dda000-7ffff7dfd7ffff7ff3000-7ffff7ff4000 ---p 0000f000 fc:02 44171565\n",
+             nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(MapsTest, verify_large_values) {
+  MapInfo info;
+#if defined(__LP64__)
+  VerifyLine("fabcdef012345678-f12345678abcdef8 rwxp f0b0d0f010305070 00:00 0\n", &info);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xfabcdef012345678UL, info.start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xf12345678abcdef8UL, info.end);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC, info.flags);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xf0b0d0f010305070UL, info.offset);
+#else
+  VerifyLine("f2345678-fabcdef8 rwxp f0305070 00:00 0\n", &info);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xf2345678UL, info.start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xfabcdef8UL, info.end);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC, info.flags);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xf0305070UL, info.offset);
+#endif
+}
 
 TEST(MapsTest, parse_permissions) {
   BufferMaps maps(
-      "1000-2000 ---- 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-      "2000-3000 r--- 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-      "3000-4000 -w-- 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-      "4000-5000 --x- 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-      "5000-6000 rwx- 00000000 00:00 0\n");
+      "1000-2000 ---s 00000000 00:00 0\n"
+      "2000-3000 r--s 00000000 00:00 0\n"
+      "3000-4000 -w-s 00000000 00:00 0\n"
+      "4000-5000 --xp 00000000 00:00 0\n"
+      "5000-6000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0\n");
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
   ASSERT_EQ(5U, maps.Total());
@@ -68,28 +175,28 @@
 
 TEST(MapsTest, parse_name) {
   BufferMaps maps(
-      "720b29b000-720b29e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-      "720b29e000-720b29f000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 /system/lib/fake.so\n"
-      "720b29f000-720b2a0000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0");
+      "7b29b000-7b29e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0\n"
+      "7b29e000-7b29f000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 /system/lib/fake.so\n"
+      "7b29f000-7b2a0000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0");
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
   ASSERT_EQ(3U, maps.Total());
   auto it = maps.begin();
   ASSERT_EQ("", it->name);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b29b000U, it->start);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b29e000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b29b000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b29e000U, it->end);
   ASSERT_EQ(0U, it->offset);
   ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, it->flags);
   ++it;
   ASSERT_EQ("/system/lib/fake.so", it->name);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b29e000U, it->start);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b29f000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b29e000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b29f000U, it->end);
   ASSERT_EQ(0U, it->offset);
   ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, it->flags);
   ++it;
   ASSERT_EQ("", it->name);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b29f000U, it->start);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b2a0000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b29f000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b2a0000U, it->end);
   ASSERT_EQ(0U, it->offset);
   ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, it->flags);
   ++it;
@@ -147,9 +254,9 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(
-      android::base::WriteStringToFile("720b29b000-720b29e000 r-xp a0000000 00:00 0   /fake.so\n"
-                                       "720b2b0000-720b2e0000 r-xp b0000000 00:00 0   /fake2.so\n"
-                                       "720b2e0000-720b2f0000 r-xp c0000000 00:00 0   /fake3.so\n",
+      android::base::WriteStringToFile("7b29b000-7b29e000 r-xp a0000000 00:00 0   /fake.so\n"
+                                       "7b2b0000-7b2e0000 r-xp b0000000 00:00 0   /fake2.so\n"
+                                       "7b2e0000-7b2f0000 r-xp c0000000 00:00 0   /fake3.so\n",
                                        tf.path, 0660, getuid(), getgid()));
 
   FileMaps maps(tf.path);
@@ -157,20 +264,20 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
   ASSERT_EQ(3U, maps.Total());
   auto it = maps.begin();
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b29b000U, it->start);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b29e000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b29b000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b29e000U, it->end);
   ASSERT_EQ(0xa0000000U, it->offset);
   ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, it->flags);
   ASSERT_EQ("/fake.so", it->name);
   ++it;
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b2b0000U, it->start);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b2e0000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b2b0000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b2e0000U, it->end);
   ASSERT_EQ(0xb0000000U, it->offset);
   ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, it->flags);
   ASSERT_EQ("/fake2.so", it->name);
   ++it;
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b2e0000U, it->start);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x720b2f0000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b2e0000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b2f0000U, it->end);
   ASSERT_EQ(0xc0000000U, it->offset);
   ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, it->flags);
   ASSERT_EQ("/fake3.so", it->name);
@@ -178,6 +285,163 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(it, maps.end());
 }
 
+TEST(MapsTest, file_no_map_name) {
+  TemporaryFile tf;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      android::base::WriteStringToFile("7b29b000-7b29e000 r-xp a0000000 00:00 0\n"
+                                       "7b2b0000-7b2e0000 r-xp b0000000 00:00 0   /fake2.so\n"
+                                       "7b2e0000-7b2f0000 r-xp c0000000 00:00 0 \n",
+                                       tf.path, 0660, getuid(), getgid()));
+
+  FileMaps maps(tf.path);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, maps.Total());
+  auto it = maps.begin();
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b29b000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b29e000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xa0000000U, it->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, it->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ("", it->name);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b2b0000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b2e0000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xb0000000U, it->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, it->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ("/fake2.so", it->name);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b2e0000U, it->start);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7b2f0000U, it->end);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xc0000000U, it->offset);
+  ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, it->flags);
+  ASSERT_EQ("", it->name);
+  ++it;
+  ASSERT_EQ(it, maps.end());
+}
+
+// Verify that a file that crosses a buffer is parsed correctly.
+static std::string CreateEntry(size_t index) {
+  return android::base::StringPrintf("%08zx-%08zx rwxp 0000 00:00 0\n", index * 4096,
+                                     (index + 1) * 4096);
+}
+
+TEST(MapsTest, file_buffer_cross) {
+  constexpr size_t kBufferSize = 2048;
+  TemporaryFile tf;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+
+  // Compute how many to add in the first buffer.
+  size_t entry_len = CreateEntry(0).size();
+  size_t index;
+  std::string file_data;
+  for (index = 0; index < kBufferSize / entry_len; index++) {
+    file_data += CreateEntry(index);
+  }
+  // Add a long name to make sure that the first buffer does not contain a
+  // complete line.
+  // Remove the last newline.
+  size_t extra = 0;
+  size_t leftover = kBufferSize % entry_len;
+  size_t overlap1_index = 0;
+  std::string overlap1_name;
+  if (leftover == 0) {
+    // Exact match, add a long name to cross over the value.
+    overlap1_name = "/fake/name/is/long/on/purpose";
+    file_data.erase(file_data.size() - 1);
+    file_data += ' ' + overlap1_name + '\n';
+    extra = entry_len + overlap1_name.size() + 1;
+    overlap1_index = index;
+  }
+
+  // Compute how many need to go in to hit the buffer boundary exactly.
+  size_t bytes_left_in_buffer = kBufferSize - extra;
+  size_t entries_to_add = bytes_left_in_buffer / entry_len + index;
+  for (; index < entries_to_add; index++) {
+    file_data += CreateEntry(index);
+  }
+
+  // Now figure out how many bytes to add to get exactly to the buffer boundary.
+  leftover = bytes_left_in_buffer % entry_len;
+  std::string overlap2_name;
+  size_t overlap2_index = 0;
+  if (leftover != 0) {
+    file_data.erase(file_data.size() - 1);
+    file_data += ' ';
+    overlap2_name = std::string(leftover - 1, 'x');
+    file_data += overlap2_name + '\n';
+    overlap2_index = index - 1;
+  }
+
+  // Now add a few entries on the next page.
+  for (size_t start = index; index < start + 10; index++) {
+    file_data += CreateEntry(index);
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFile(file_data, tf.path, 0660, getuid(), getgid()));
+
+  FileMaps maps(tf.path);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
+  EXPECT_EQ(index, maps.Total());
+  // Verify all of the maps.
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < index; i++) {
+    MapInfo* info = maps.Get(i);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(info != nullptr) << "Failed verifying index " + std::to_string(i);
+    EXPECT_EQ(i * 4096, info->start) << "Failed verifying index " + std::to_string(i);
+    EXPECT_EQ((i + 1) * 4096, info->end) << "Failed verifying index " + std::to_string(i);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, info->offset) << "Failed verifying index " + std::to_string(i);
+    if (overlap1_index != 0 && i == overlap1_index) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(overlap1_name, info->name) << "Failed verifying overlap1 name " + std::to_string(i);
+    } else if (overlap2_index != 0 && i == overlap2_index) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(overlap2_name, info->name) << "Failed verifying overlap2 name " + std::to_string(i);
+    } else {
+      EXPECT_EQ("", info->name) << "Failed verifying index " + std::to_string(i);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+TEST(MapsTest, file_should_fail) {
+  TemporaryFile tf;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFile(
+      "7ffff7dda000-7ffff7dfd7ffff7ff3000-7ffff7ff4000 ---p 0000f000 fc:02 44171565\n", tf.path,
+      0660, getuid(), getgid()));
+
+  FileMaps maps(tf.path);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(maps.Parse());
+}
+
+// Create a maps file that is extremely large.
+TEST(MapsTest, large_file) {
+  TemporaryFile tf;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+
+  std::string file_data;
+  uint64_t start = 0x700000;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
+    file_data +=
+        android::base::StringPrintf("%" PRIx64 "-%" PRIx64 " r-xp 1000 00:0 0 /fake%zu.so\n",
+                                    start + i * 4096, start + (i + 1) * 4096, i);
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFile(file_data, tf.path, 0660, getuid(), getgid()));
+
+  FileMaps maps(tf.path);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
+  ASSERT_EQ(5000U, maps.Total());
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
+    MapInfo* info = maps.Get(i);
+    ASSERT_EQ(start + i * 4096, info->start) << "Failed at map " + std::to_string(i);
+    ASSERT_EQ(start + (i + 1) * 4096, info->end) << "Failed at map " + std::to_string(i);
+    std::string name = "/fake" + std::to_string(i) + ".so";
+    ASSERT_EQ(name, info->name) << "Failed at map " + std::to_string(i);
+  }
+}
+
 TEST(MapsTest, find) {
   BufferMaps maps(
       "1000-2000 r--p 00000010 00:00 0 /system/lib/fake1.so\n"
@@ -235,3 +499,5 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC, info->flags);
   ASSERT_EQ("/system/lib/fake5.so", info->name);
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryBuffer.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryBufferTest.cpp
similarity index 96%
rename from libunwindstack/tests/MemoryBuffer.cpp
rename to libunwindstack/tests/MemoryBufferTest.cpp
index af3d6b9..50a8a1b 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryBuffer.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryBufferTest.cpp
@@ -18,10 +18,12 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "Memory.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
 
 #include "LogFake.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 class MemoryBufferTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
   void SetUp() override {
@@ -75,3 +77,5 @@
 
   ASSERT_FALSE(memory_->Read(UINT64_MAX - 100, buffer.data(), 200));
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.cpp
index afb1029..2026acc 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 void MemoryFake::SetMemory(uint64_t addr, const void* memory, size_t length) {
   const uint8_t* src = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(memory);
   for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++, addr++) {
@@ -44,3 +46,5 @@
   }
   return true;
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.h b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.h
index 70ef30a..d374261 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.h
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <unordered_map>
 
-#include "Memory.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 class MemoryFake : public Memory {
  public:
@@ -87,4 +89,6 @@
   }
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_TESTS_MEMORY_FAKE_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFileTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFileTest.cpp
index aa7a23a..a204bae 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFileTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFileTest.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "Memory.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 class MemoryFileTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
@@ -269,3 +271,5 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(2, read_buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
   }
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryLocalTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryLocalTest.cpp
index ab999da..73eebdd 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryLocalTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryLocalTest.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "Memory.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 TEST(MemoryLocalTest, read) {
   std::vector<uint8_t> src(1024);
@@ -64,3 +66,5 @@
   uint64_t value;
   ASSERT_FALSE(local.Read(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&value), dst.data(), SIZE_MAX));
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp
index 469afcc..680fae9 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp
@@ -22,17 +22,20 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "Memory.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
 
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 TEST(MemoryRangeTest, read) {
   std::vector<uint8_t> src(1024);
   memset(src.data(), 0x4c, 1024);
-  MemoryFake* memory = new MemoryFake;
-  memory->SetMemory(9001, src);
+  MemoryFake* memory_fake = new MemoryFake;
+  std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory(memory_fake);
+  memory_fake->SetMemory(9001, src);
 
-  MemoryRange range(memory, 9001, 9001 + src.size());
+  MemoryRange range(process_memory, 9001, 9001 + src.size());
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> dst(1024);
   ASSERT_TRUE(range.Read(0, dst.data(), src.size()));
@@ -44,10 +47,11 @@
 TEST(MemoryRangeTest, read_near_limit) {
   std::vector<uint8_t> src(4096);
   memset(src.data(), 0x4c, 4096);
-  MemoryFake* memory = new MemoryFake;
-  memory->SetMemory(1000, src);
+  MemoryFake* memory_fake = new MemoryFake;
+  std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory(memory_fake);
+  memory_fake->SetMemory(1000, src);
 
-  MemoryRange range(memory, 1000, 2024);
+  MemoryRange range(process_memory, 1000, 2024);
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> dst(1024);
   ASSERT_TRUE(range.Read(1020, dst.data(), 4));
@@ -67,6 +71,9 @@
 TEST(MemoryRangeTest, read_overflow) {
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(100);
 
-  std::unique_ptr<MemoryRange> overflow(new MemoryRange(new MemoryFakeAlwaysReadZero, 100, 200));
+  std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory(new MemoryFakeAlwaysReadZero);
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryRange> overflow(new MemoryRange(process_memory, 100, 200));
   ASSERT_FALSE(overflow->Read(UINT64_MAX - 10, buffer.data(), 100));
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp
index e48edf7..a66d0c5 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/ptrace.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
-#include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <vector>
@@ -31,33 +30,21 @@
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "Memory.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
 
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
+#include "TestUtils.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 class MemoryRemoteTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
-  static uint64_t NanoTime() {
-    struct timespec t = { 0, 0 };
-    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t);
-    return static_cast<uint64_t>(t.tv_sec * NS_PER_SEC + t.tv_nsec);
-  }
-
   static bool Attach(pid_t pid) {
     if (ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0) == -1) {
       return false;
     }
 
-    uint64_t start = NanoTime();
-    siginfo_t si;
-    while (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &si)) < 0 && errno == ESRCH) {
-      if ((NanoTime() - start) > 10 * NS_PER_SEC) {
-        printf("%d: Failed to stop after 10 seconds.\n", pid);
-        return false;
-      }
-      usleep(30);
-    }
-    return true;
+    return TestQuiescePid(pid);
   }
 
   static bool Detach(pid_t pid) {
@@ -77,6 +64,7 @@
     exit(1);
   }
   ASSERT_LT(0, pid);
+  TestScopedPidReaper reap(pid);
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(Attach(pid));
 
@@ -89,8 +77,6 @@
   }
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(Detach(pid));
-
-  kill(pid, SIGKILL);
 }
 
 TEST_F(MemoryRemoteTest, read_fail) {
@@ -108,6 +94,7 @@
     exit(1);
   }
   ASSERT_LT(0, pid);
+  TestScopedPidReaper reap(pid);
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(Attach(pid));
 
@@ -129,8 +116,6 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0, munmap(src, pagesize));
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(Detach(pid));
-
-  kill(pid, SIGKILL);
 }
 
 TEST_F(MemoryRemoteTest, read_overflow) {
@@ -148,6 +133,7 @@
     exit(1);
   }
   ASSERT_LT(0, pid);
+  TestScopedPidReaper reap(pid);
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(Attach(pid));
 
@@ -158,6 +144,6 @@
   ASSERT_FALSE(remote.Read(0, dst.data(), 100));
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(Detach(pid));
-
-  kill(pid, SIGKILL);
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryTest.cpp
index 51b5d7d..4a9ed9f 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryTest.cpp
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "Memory.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
 
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 TEST(MemoryTest, read32) {
   MemoryFakeAlwaysReadZero memory;
 
@@ -124,3 +126,5 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadString(0, &dst_name));
   ASSERT_EQ("short", dst_name);
 }
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/RegsFake.h b/libunwindstack/tests/RegsFake.h
index ff030c8..c76ecaa 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/RegsFake.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/RegsFake.h
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-#include "Regs.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
 
 template <typename TypeParam>
 class RegsFake : public RegsImpl<TypeParam> {
@@ -28,9 +31,14 @@
       : RegsImpl<TypeParam>(total_regs, sp_reg, Regs::Location(Regs::LOCATION_UNKNOWN, 0)) {}
   virtual ~RegsFake() = default;
 
-  uint64_t GetRelPc(Elf*, const MapInfo*) override { return 0; }
+  uint32_t MachineType() override { return 0; }
+
   uint64_t GetAdjustedPc(uint64_t, Elf*) override { return 0; }
+  void SetFromRaw() override {}
+  bool StepIfSignalHandler(uint64_t, Elf*, Memory*) override { return false; }
   bool GetReturnAddressFromDefault(Memory*, uint64_t*) { return false; }
 };
 
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_TESTS_REGS_FAKE_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/RegsStepIfSignalHandlerTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/RegsStepIfSignalHandlerTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85192d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/RegsStepIfSignalHandlerTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
+
+#include "Machine.h"
+
+#include "MemoryFake.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+class RegsStepIfSignalHandlerTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    elf_memory_ = new MemoryFake;
+    elf_.reset(new Elf(elf_memory_));
+  }
+
+  void ArmStepIfSignalHandlerNonRt(uint32_t pc_data);
+  void ArmStepIfSignalHandlerRt(uint32_t pc_data);
+
+  MemoryFake* elf_memory_;
+  MemoryFake process_memory_;
+  std::unique_ptr<Elf> elf_;
+};
+
+void RegsStepIfSignalHandlerTest::ArmStepIfSignalHandlerNonRt(uint32_t pc_data) {
+  uint64_t addr = 0x1000;
+  RegsArm regs;
+  regs[ARM_REG_PC] = 0x5000;
+  regs[ARM_REG_SP] = addr;
+  regs.SetFromRaw();
+
+  elf_memory_->SetData32(0x5000, pc_data);
+
+  for (uint64_t index = 0; index <= 30; index++) {
+    process_memory_.SetData32(addr + index * 4, index * 0x10);
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(regs.StepIfSignalHandler(0x5000, elf_.get(), &process_memory_));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x100U, regs[ARM_REG_SP]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x120U, regs[ARM_REG_PC]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x100U, regs.sp());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x120U, regs.pc());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RegsStepIfSignalHandlerTest, arm_step_if_signal_handler_non_rt) {
+  // Form 1
+  ArmStepIfSignalHandlerNonRt(0xe3a07077);
+
+  // Form 2
+  ArmStepIfSignalHandlerNonRt(0xef900077);
+
+  // Form 3
+  ArmStepIfSignalHandlerNonRt(0xdf002777);
+}
+
+void RegsStepIfSignalHandlerTest::ArmStepIfSignalHandlerRt(uint32_t pc_data) {
+  uint64_t addr = 0x1000;
+  RegsArm regs;
+  regs[ARM_REG_PC] = 0x5000;
+  regs[ARM_REG_SP] = addr;
+  regs.SetFromRaw();
+
+  elf_memory_->SetData32(0x5000, pc_data);
+
+  for (uint64_t index = 0; index <= 100; index++) {
+    process_memory_.SetData32(addr + index * 4, index * 0x10);
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(regs.StepIfSignalHandler(0x5000, elf_.get(), &process_memory_));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x350U, regs[ARM_REG_SP]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x370U, regs[ARM_REG_PC]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x350U, regs.sp());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x370U, regs.pc());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RegsStepIfSignalHandlerTest, arm_step_if_signal_handler_rt) {
+  // Form 1
+  ArmStepIfSignalHandlerRt(0xe3a070ad);
+
+  // Form 2
+  ArmStepIfSignalHandlerRt(0xef9000ad);
+
+  // Form 3
+  ArmStepIfSignalHandlerRt(0xdf0027ad);
+}
+
+TEST_F(RegsStepIfSignalHandlerTest, arm64_step_if_signal_handler) {
+  uint64_t addr = 0x1000;
+  RegsArm64 regs;
+  regs[ARM64_REG_PC] = 0x8000;
+  regs[ARM64_REG_SP] = addr;
+  regs.SetFromRaw();
+
+  elf_memory_->SetData64(0x8000, 0xd4000001d2801168ULL);
+
+  for (uint64_t index = 0; index <= 100; index++) {
+    process_memory_.SetData64(addr + index * 8, index * 0x10);
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(regs.StepIfSignalHandler(0x8000, elf_.get(), &process_memory_));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x460U, regs[ARM64_REG_SP]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x470U, regs[ARM64_REG_PC]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x460U, regs.sp());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x470U, regs.pc());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RegsStepIfSignalHandlerTest, x86_step_if_signal_handler_no_siginfo) {
+  uint64_t addr = 0xa00;
+  RegsX86 regs;
+  regs[X86_REG_EIP] = 0x4100;
+  regs[X86_REG_ESP] = addr;
+  regs.SetFromRaw();
+
+  elf_memory_->SetData64(0x4100, 0x80cd00000077b858ULL);
+  for (uint64_t index = 0; index <= 25; index++) {
+    process_memory_.SetData32(addr + index * 4, index * 0x10);
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(regs.StepIfSignalHandler(0x4100, elf_.get(), &process_memory_));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x70U, regs[X86_REG_EBP]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x80U, regs[X86_REG_ESP]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x90U, regs[X86_REG_EBX]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xa0U, regs[X86_REG_EDX]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xb0U, regs[X86_REG_ECX]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xc0U, regs[X86_REG_EAX]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xf0U, regs[X86_REG_EIP]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x80U, regs.sp());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xf0U, regs.pc());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RegsStepIfSignalHandlerTest, x86_step_if_signal_handler_siginfo) {
+  uint64_t addr = 0xa00;
+  RegsX86 regs;
+  regs[X86_REG_EIP] = 0x4100;
+  regs[X86_REG_ESP] = addr;
+  regs.SetFromRaw();
+
+  elf_memory_->SetData64(0x4100, 0x0080cd000000adb8ULL);
+  addr += 8;
+  // Pointer to ucontext data.
+  process_memory_.SetData32(addr, 0x8100);
+
+  addr = 0x8100;
+  for (uint64_t index = 0; index <= 30; index++) {
+    process_memory_.SetData32(addr + index * 4, index * 0x10);
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(regs.StepIfSignalHandler(0x4100, elf_.get(), &process_memory_));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xb0U, regs[X86_REG_EBP]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xc0U, regs[X86_REG_ESP]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xd0U, regs[X86_REG_EBX]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xe0U, regs[X86_REG_EDX]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xf0U, regs[X86_REG_ECX]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x100U, regs[X86_REG_EAX]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x130U, regs[X86_REG_EIP]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xc0U, regs.sp());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x130U, regs.pc());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RegsStepIfSignalHandlerTest, x86_64_step_if_signal_handler) {
+  uint64_t addr = 0x500;
+  RegsX86_64 regs;
+  regs[X86_64_REG_RIP] = 0x7000;
+  regs[X86_64_REG_RSP] = addr;
+  regs.SetFromRaw();
+
+  elf_memory_->SetData64(0x7000, 0x0f0000000fc0c748);
+  elf_memory_->SetData16(0x7008, 0x0f05);
+
+  for (uint64_t index = 0; index <= 30; index++) {
+    process_memory_.SetData64(addr + index * 8, index * 0x10);
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(regs.StepIfSignalHandler(0x7000, elf_.get(), &process_memory_));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x140U, regs[X86_64_REG_RSP]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x150U, regs[X86_64_REG_RIP]);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x140U, regs.sp());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x150U, regs.pc());
+}
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/RegsTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/RegsTest.cpp
index 3056373..f549a50 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/RegsTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/RegsTest.cpp
@@ -18,13 +18,15 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "Elf.h"
-#include "ElfInterface.h"
-#include "MapInfo.h"
-#include "Regs.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/ElfInterface.h>
+#include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
 
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 class ElfFake : public Elf {
  public:
   ElfFake(Memory* memory) : Elf(memory) { valid_ = true; }
@@ -56,7 +58,11 @@
       : RegsImpl<TypeParam>(total_regs, regs_sp, return_loc) {}
   virtual ~RegsTestImpl() = default;
 
-  uint64_t GetAdjustedPc(uint64_t, Elf*) { return 0; }
+  uint32_t MachineType() override { return 0; }
+
+  uint64_t GetAdjustedPc(uint64_t, Elf*) override { return 0; }
+  void SetFromRaw() override {}
+  bool StepIfSignalHandler(uint64_t, Elf*, Memory*) override { return false; }
 };
 
 class RegsTest : public ::testing::Test {
@@ -69,10 +75,7 @@
   }
 
   template <typename AddressType>
-  void regs_rel_pc();
-
-  template <typename AddressType>
-  void regs_return_address_register();
+  void RegsReturnAddressRegister();
 
   ElfInterfaceFake* elf_interface_;
   MemoryFake* memory_;
@@ -126,27 +129,7 @@
 }
 
 template <typename AddressType>
-void RegsTest::regs_rel_pc() {
-  RegsTestImpl<AddressType> regs(30, 12);
-
-  elf_interface_->set_load_bias(0);
-  MapInfo map_info{.start = 0x1000, .end = 0x2000};
-  regs.set_pc(0x1101);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x101U, regs.GetRelPc(elf_.get(), &map_info));
-  elf_interface_->set_load_bias(0x3000);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x3101U, regs.GetRelPc(elf_.get(), &map_info));
-}
-
-TEST_F(RegsTest, regs32_rel_pc) {
-  regs_rel_pc<uint32_t>();
-}
-
-TEST_F(RegsTest, regs64_rel_pc) {
-  regs_rel_pc<uint64_t>();
-}
-
-template <typename AddressType>
-void RegsTest::regs_return_address_register() {
+void RegsTest::RegsReturnAddressRegister() {
   RegsTestImpl<AddressType> regs(20, 10, Regs::Location(Regs::LOCATION_REGISTER, 5));
 
   regs[5] = 0x12345;
@@ -156,11 +139,11 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(RegsTest, regs32_return_address_register) {
-  regs_return_address_register<uint32_t>();
+  RegsReturnAddressRegister<uint32_t>();
 }
 
 TEST_F(RegsTest, regs64_return_address_register) {
-  regs_return_address_register<uint64_t>();
+  RegsReturnAddressRegister<uint64_t>();
 }
 
 TEST_F(RegsTest, regs32_return_address_sp_offset) {
@@ -249,18 +232,60 @@
   MapInfo map_info{.start = 0x1000, .end = 0x2000};
 
   regs_arm.set_pc(0x1500);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x500U, regs_arm.GetRelPc(&invalid_elf, &map_info));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x500U, invalid_elf.GetRelPc(regs_arm.pc(), &map_info));
   ASSERT_EQ(0x500U, regs_arm.GetAdjustedPc(0x500U, &invalid_elf));
 
   regs_arm64.set_pc(0x1600);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x600U, regs_arm64.GetRelPc(&invalid_elf, &map_info));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x600U, invalid_elf.GetRelPc(regs_arm64.pc(), &map_info));
   ASSERT_EQ(0x600U, regs_arm64.GetAdjustedPc(0x600U, &invalid_elf));
 
   regs_x86.set_pc(0x1700);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x700U, regs_x86.GetRelPc(&invalid_elf, &map_info));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x700U, invalid_elf.GetRelPc(regs_x86.pc(), &map_info));
   ASSERT_EQ(0x700U, regs_x86.GetAdjustedPc(0x700U, &invalid_elf));
 
   regs_x86_64.set_pc(0x1800);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0x800U, regs_x86_64.GetRelPc(&invalid_elf, &map_info));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x800U, invalid_elf.GetRelPc(regs_x86_64.pc(), &map_info));
   ASSERT_EQ(0x800U, regs_x86_64.GetAdjustedPc(0x800U, &invalid_elf));
 }
+
+TEST_F(RegsTest, arm_set_from_raw) {
+  RegsArm arm;
+  uint32_t* regs = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(arm.RawData());
+  regs[13] = 0x100;
+  regs[15] = 0x200;
+  arm.SetFromRaw();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x100U, arm.sp());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x200U, arm.pc());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RegsTest, arm64_set_from_raw) {
+  RegsArm64 arm64;
+  uint64_t* regs = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(arm64.RawData());
+  regs[31] = 0xb100000000ULL;
+  regs[32] = 0xc200000000ULL;
+  arm64.SetFromRaw();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xb100000000U, arm64.sp());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xc200000000U, arm64.pc());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RegsTest, x86_set_from_raw) {
+  RegsX86 x86;
+  uint32_t* regs = reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(x86.RawData());
+  regs[4] = 0x23450000;
+  regs[8] = 0xabcd0000;
+  x86.SetFromRaw();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x23450000U, x86.sp());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xabcd0000U, x86.pc());
+}
+
+TEST_F(RegsTest, x86_64_set_from_raw) {
+  RegsX86_64 x86_64;
+  uint64_t* regs = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(x86_64.RawData());
+  regs[7] = 0x1200000000ULL;
+  regs[16] = 0x4900000000ULL;
+  x86_64.SetFromRaw();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x1200000000U, x86_64.sp());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x4900000000U, x86_64.pc());
+}
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/SymbolsTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/SymbolsTest.cpp
index a0a21e6..da258a6 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/SymbolsTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/SymbolsTest.cpp
@@ -32,10 +32,13 @@
 #include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "Memory.h"
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 #include "Symbols.h"
 
+namespace unwindstack {
+
 template <typename TypeParam>
 class SymbolsTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
@@ -333,3 +336,5 @@
 
 typedef ::testing::Types<Elf32_Sym, Elf64_Sym> SymbolsTestTypes;
 INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, SymbolsTest, SymbolsTestTypes);
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/TestUtils.h b/libunwindstack/tests/TestUtils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c31aa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/TestUtils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_TESTS_TEST_UTILS_H
+#define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_TESTS_TEST_UTILS_H
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/ptrace.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+class TestScopedPidReaper {
+ public:
+  TestScopedPidReaper(pid_t pid) : pid_(pid) {}
+  ~TestScopedPidReaper() {
+    kill(pid_, SIGKILL);
+    waitpid(pid_, nullptr, 0);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  pid_t pid_;
+};
+
+inline bool TestQuiescePid(pid_t pid) {
+  siginfo_t si;
+  bool ready = false;
+  // Wait for up to 5 seconds.
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
+    if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &si) == 0) {
+      ready = true;
+      break;
+    }
+    usleep(1000);
+  }
+  return ready;
+}
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
+#endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_TESTS_TEST_UTILS_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4f920a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/ptrace.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
+#include <unwindstack/RegsGetLocal.h>
+
+#include "TestUtils.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+static std::atomic_bool g_ready;
+static volatile bool g_ready_for_remote;
+static volatile bool g_signal_ready_for_remote;
+static std::atomic_bool g_finish;
+static std::atomic_uintptr_t g_ucontext;
+
+static void ResetGlobals() {
+  g_ready = false;
+  g_ready_for_remote = false;
+  g_signal_ready_for_remote = false;
+  g_finish = false;
+  g_ucontext = 0;
+}
+
+static std::vector<const char*> kFunctionOrder{"InnerFunction", "MiddleFunction", "OuterFunction"};
+
+static std::vector<const char*> kFunctionSignalOrder{"SignalInnerFunction", "SignalMiddleFunction",
+                                                     "SignalOuterFunction", "InnerFunction",
+                                                     "MiddleFunction",      "OuterFunction"};
+
+static void SignalHandler(int, siginfo_t*, void* sigcontext) {
+  g_ucontext = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(sigcontext);
+  while (!g_finish.load()) {
+  }
+}
+
+extern "C" void SignalInnerFunction() {
+  g_signal_ready_for_remote = true;
+  while (!g_finish.load()) {
+  }
+}
+
+extern "C" void SignalMiddleFunction() {
+  SignalInnerFunction();
+}
+
+extern "C" void SignalOuterFunction() {
+  SignalMiddleFunction();
+}
+
+static void SignalCallerHandler(int, siginfo_t*, void*) {
+  SignalOuterFunction();
+}
+
+static std::string ErrorMsg(const std::vector<const char*>& function_names, size_t index,
+                            std::stringstream& unwind_stream) {
+  return std::string(
+             "Unwind completed without finding all frames\n"
+             "  Looking for function: ") +
+         function_names[index] + "\n" + "Unwind data:\n" + unwind_stream.str();
+}
+
+static void VerifyUnwind(pid_t pid, Maps* maps, Regs* regs,
+                         std::vector<const char*>& function_names) {
+  size_t function_name_index = 0;
+
+  auto process_memory = Memory::CreateProcessMemory(pid);
+  std::stringstream unwind_stream;
+  unwind_stream << std::hex;
+  for (size_t frame_num = 0; frame_num < 64; frame_num++) {
+    ASSERT_NE(0U, regs->pc()) << ErrorMsg(function_names, function_name_index, unwind_stream);
+    MapInfo* map_info = maps->Find(regs->pc());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(map_info != nullptr) << ErrorMsg(function_names, function_name_index, unwind_stream);
+
+    Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(process_memory, true);
+    uint64_t rel_pc = elf->GetRelPc(regs->pc(), map_info);
+    uint64_t adjusted_rel_pc = rel_pc;
+    if (frame_num != 0) {
+      adjusted_rel_pc = regs->GetAdjustedPc(rel_pc, elf);
+    }
+    unwind_stream << "  PC: 0x" << regs->pc() << " Rel: 0x" << adjusted_rel_pc;
+    unwind_stream << " Map: ";
+    if (!map_info->name.empty()) {
+      unwind_stream << map_info->name;
+    } else {
+      unwind_stream << " anonymous";
+    }
+    unwind_stream << "<" << map_info->start << "-" << map_info->end << ">";
+
+    std::string name;
+    uint64_t func_offset;
+    if (elf->GetFunctionName(adjusted_rel_pc, &name, &func_offset)) {
+      if (name == function_names[function_name_index]) {
+        if (++function_name_index == function_names.size()) {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      unwind_stream << " " << name;
+    }
+    unwind_stream << "\n";
+    ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Step(rel_pc + map_info->elf_offset, regs, process_memory.get()))
+        << ErrorMsg(function_names, function_name_index, unwind_stream);
+  }
+  ASSERT_TRUE(false) << ErrorMsg(function_names, function_name_index, unwind_stream);
+}
+
+// This test assumes that this code is compiled with optimizations turned
+// off. If this doesn't happen, then all of the calls will be optimized
+// away.
+extern "C" void InnerFunction(bool local) {
+  if (local) {
+    LocalMaps maps;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
+    std::unique_ptr<Regs> regs(Regs::CreateFromLocal());
+    RegsGetLocal(regs.get());
+
+    VerifyUnwind(getpid(), &maps, regs.get(), kFunctionOrder);
+  } else {
+    g_ready_for_remote = true;
+    g_ready = true;
+    while (!g_finish.load()) {
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+extern "C" void MiddleFunction(bool local) {
+  InnerFunction(local);
+}
+
+extern "C" void OuterFunction(bool local) {
+  MiddleFunction(local);
+}
+
+class UnwindTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ public:
+  void SetUp() override { ResetGlobals(); }
+};
+
+TEST_F(UnwindTest, local) {
+  OuterFunction(true);
+}
+
+void WaitForRemote(pid_t pid, uint64_t addr, bool leave_attached, bool* completed) {
+  *completed = false;
+  // Need to sleep before attempting first ptrace. Without this, on the
+  // host it becomes impossible to attach and ptrace sets errno to EPERM.
+  usleep(1000);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+    if (ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0) == 0) {
+      ASSERT_TRUE(TestQuiescePid(pid))
+          << "Waiting for process to quiesce failed: " << strerror(errno);
+
+      MemoryRemote memory(pid);
+      // Read the remote value to see if we are ready.
+      bool value;
+      if (memory.Read(addr, &value, sizeof(value)) && value) {
+        *completed = true;
+      }
+      if (!*completed || !leave_attached) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, 0));
+      }
+      if (*completed) {
+        break;
+      }
+    } else {
+      ASSERT_EQ(ESRCH, errno) << "ptrace attach failed with unexpected error: " << strerror(errno);
+    }
+    usleep(5000);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnwindTest, remote) {
+  pid_t pid;
+  if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
+    OuterFunction(false);
+    exit(0);
+  }
+  ASSERT_NE(-1, pid);
+  TestScopedPidReaper reap(pid);
+
+  bool completed;
+  WaitForRemote(pid, reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&g_ready_for_remote), true, &completed);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(completed) << "Timed out waiting for remote process to be ready.";
+
+  RemoteMaps maps(pid);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
+  std::unique_ptr<Regs> regs(Regs::RemoteGet(pid));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(regs.get() != nullptr);
+
+  VerifyUnwind(pid, &maps, regs.get(), kFunctionOrder);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, 0))
+      << "ptrace detach failed with unexpected error: " << strerror(errno);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnwindTest, from_context) {
+  std::atomic_int tid(0);
+  std::thread thread([&]() {
+    tid = syscall(__NR_gettid);
+    OuterFunction(false);
+  });
+
+  struct sigaction act, oldact;
+  memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
+  act.sa_sigaction = SignalHandler;
+  act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART | SA_SIGINFO | SA_ONSTACK;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, sigaction(SIGUSR1, &act, &oldact));
+  // Wait for the tid to get set.
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+    if (tid.load() != 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+    usleep(1000);
+  }
+  ASSERT_NE(0, tid.load());
+  // Portable tgkill method.
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, syscall(__NR_tgkill, getpid(), tid.load(), SIGUSR1)) << "Error: " << strerror(errno);
+
+  // Wait for context data.
+  void* ucontext;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
+    ucontext = reinterpret_cast<void*>(g_ucontext.load());
+    if (ucontext != nullptr) {
+      break;
+    }
+    usleep(1000);
+  }
+  ASSERT_TRUE(ucontext != nullptr) << "Timed out waiting for thread to respond to signal.";
+
+  LocalMaps maps;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
+  std::unique_ptr<Regs> regs(Regs::CreateFromUcontext(Regs::CurrentMachineType(), ucontext));
+
+  VerifyUnwind(getpid(), &maps, regs.get(), kFunctionOrder);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, sigaction(SIGUSR1, &oldact, nullptr));
+
+  g_finish = true;
+  thread.join();
+}
+
+static void RemoteThroughSignal(unsigned int sa_flags) {
+  pid_t pid;
+  if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
+    struct sigaction act, oldact;
+    memset(&act, 0, sizeof(act));
+    act.sa_sigaction = SignalCallerHandler;
+    act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART | SA_ONSTACK | sa_flags;
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, sigaction(SIGUSR1, &act, &oldact));
+
+    OuterFunction(false);
+    exit(0);
+  }
+  ASSERT_NE(-1, pid);
+  TestScopedPidReaper reap(pid);
+
+  bool completed;
+  WaitForRemote(pid, reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&g_ready_for_remote), false, &completed);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(completed) << "Timed out waiting for remote process to be ready.";
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, kill(pid, SIGUSR1));
+  WaitForRemote(pid, reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&g_signal_ready_for_remote), true, &completed);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(completed) << "Timed out waiting for remote process to be in signal handler.";
+
+  RemoteMaps maps(pid);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
+  std::unique_ptr<Regs> regs(Regs::RemoteGet(pid));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(regs.get() != nullptr);
+
+  VerifyUnwind(pid, &maps, regs.get(), kFunctionSignalOrder);
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, 0))
+      << "ptrace detach failed with unexpected error: " << strerror(errno);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnwindTest, remote_through_signal) {
+  RemoteThroughSignal(0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnwindTest, remote_through_signal_sa_siginfo) {
+  RemoteThroughSignal(SA_SIGINFO);
+}
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/elf32.xz b/libunwindstack/tests/files/elf32.xz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f25d433
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/elf32.xz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/elf64.xz b/libunwindstack/tests/files/elf64.xz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb1618e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/elf64.xz
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind.cpp b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3614198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <elf.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/ptrace.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
+
+static bool Attach(pid_t pid) {
+  if (ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0) == -1) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Allow at least 1 second to attach properly.
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+    siginfo_t si;
+    if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETSIGINFO, pid, 0, &si) == 0) {
+      return true;
+    }
+    usleep(1000);
+  }
+  printf("%d: Failed to stop.\n", pid);
+  return false;
+}
+
+static bool Detach(pid_t pid) {
+  return ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, 0) == 0;
+}
+
+void DoUnwind(pid_t pid) {
+  unwindstack::RemoteMaps remote_maps(pid);
+  if (!remote_maps.Parse()) {
+    printf("Failed to parse map data.\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  unwindstack::Regs* regs = unwindstack::Regs::RemoteGet(pid);
+  if (regs == nullptr) {
+    printf("Unable to get remote reg data\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  bool bits32 = true;
+  printf("ABI: ");
+  switch (regs->MachineType()) {
+    case EM_ARM:
+      printf("arm");
+      break;
+    case EM_386:
+      printf("x86");
+      break;
+    case EM_AARCH64:
+      printf("arm64");
+      bits32 = false;
+      break;
+    case EM_X86_64:
+      printf("x86_64");
+      bits32 = false;
+      break;
+    default:
+      printf("unknown\n");
+      return;
+  }
+  printf("\n");
+
+  auto process_memory = unwindstack::Memory::CreateProcessMemory(pid);
+  for (size_t frame_num = 0; frame_num < 64; frame_num++) {
+    if (regs->pc() == 0) {
+      break;
+    }
+    unwindstack::MapInfo* map_info = remote_maps.Find(regs->pc());
+    if (map_info == nullptr) {
+      printf("Failed to find map data for the pc\n");
+      break;
+    }
+
+    unwindstack::Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(process_memory, true);
+
+    uint64_t rel_pc = elf->GetRelPc(regs->pc(), map_info);
+    uint64_t adjusted_rel_pc = rel_pc;
+    // Don't need to adjust the first frame pc.
+    if (frame_num != 0) {
+      adjusted_rel_pc = regs->GetAdjustedPc(rel_pc, elf);
+    }
+
+    std::string name;
+    if (bits32) {
+      printf("  #%02zu pc %08" PRIx64, frame_num, adjusted_rel_pc);
+    } else {
+      printf("  #%02zu pc %016" PRIx64, frame_num, adjusted_rel_pc);
+    }
+    if (!map_info->name.empty()) {
+      printf("  %s", map_info->name.c_str());
+      if (map_info->elf_offset != 0) {
+        printf(" (offset 0x%" PRIx64 ")", map_info->elf_offset);
+      }
+    } else {
+      printf("  <anonymous:%" PRIx64 ">", map_info->offset);
+    }
+    uint64_t func_offset;
+    if (elf->GetFunctionName(adjusted_rel_pc, &name, &func_offset)) {
+      printf(" (%s", name.c_str());
+      if (func_offset != 0) {
+        printf("+%" PRId64, func_offset);
+      }
+      printf(")");
+    }
+    printf("\n");
+
+    if (!elf->Step(rel_pc + map_info->elf_offset, regs, process_memory.get())) {
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  if (argc != 2) {
+    printf("Usage: unwind <PID>\n");
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  pid_t pid = atoi(argv[1]);
+  if (!Attach(pid)) {
+    printf("Failed to attach to pid %d: %s\n", pid, strerror(errno));
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  DoUnwind(pid);
+
+  Detach(pid);
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_info.cpp b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_info.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66a9439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_info.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <elf.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfSection.h>
+#include <unwindstack/DwarfStructs.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/ElfInterface.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Log.h>
+
+#include "ArmExidx.h"
+#include "ElfInterfaceArm.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+void DumpArm(ElfInterfaceArm* interface) {
+  if (interface == nullptr) {
+    printf("No ARM Unwind Information.\n\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  printf("ARM Unwind Information:\n");
+  for (const auto& entry : interface->pt_loads()) {
+    uint64_t load_bias = entry.second.table_offset;
+    printf(" PC Range 0x%" PRIx64 " - 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", entry.second.offset + load_bias,
+           entry.second.table_size + load_bias);
+    for (auto addr : *interface) {
+      std::string name;
+      printf("  PC 0x%" PRIx64, addr + load_bias);
+      uint64_t func_offset;
+      uint64_t pc = addr + load_bias;
+      // This might be a thumb function, so set the low bit.
+      if (interface->GetFunctionName(pc | 1, &name, &func_offset) && !name.empty()) {
+        printf(" <%s>", name.c_str());
+      }
+      printf("\n");
+      uint64_t entry;
+      if (!interface->FindEntry(pc, &entry)) {
+        printf("    Cannot find entry for address.\n");
+        continue;
+      }
+      ArmExidx arm(nullptr, interface->memory(), nullptr);
+      arm.set_log(true);
+      arm.set_log_skip_execution(true);
+      arm.set_log_indent(2);
+      if (!arm.ExtractEntryData(entry)) {
+        if (arm.status() != ARM_STATUS_NO_UNWIND) {
+          printf("    Error trying to extract data.\n");
+        }
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (arm.data()->size() > 0) {
+        if (!arm.Eval() && arm.status() != ARM_STATUS_NO_UNWIND) {
+          printf("      Error trying to evaluate dwarf data.\n");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  printf("\n");
+}
+
+void DumpDwarfSection(ElfInterface* interface, DwarfSection* section, uint64_t load_bias) {
+  for (const DwarfFde* fde : *section) {
+    // Sometimes there are entries that have empty length, skip those since
+    // they don't contain any interesting information.
+    if (fde->pc_start == fde->pc_end) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    printf("\n  PC 0x%" PRIx64, fde->pc_start + load_bias);
+    std::string name;
+    uint64_t func_offset;
+    if (interface->GetFunctionName(fde->pc_start + load_bias, &name, &func_offset) &&
+        !name.empty()) {
+      printf(" <%s>", name.c_str());
+    }
+    printf("\n");
+    if (!section->Log(2, UINT64_MAX, load_bias, fde)) {
+      printf("Failed to process cfa information for entry at 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", fde->pc_start);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+int GetElfInfo(const char* file) {
+  // Send all log messages to stdout.
+  log_to_stdout(true);
+
+  MemoryFileAtOffset* memory = new MemoryFileAtOffset;
+  if (!memory->Init(file, 0)) {
+    // Initializatation failed.
+    printf("Failed to init\n");
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  Elf elf(memory);
+  if (!elf.Init() || !elf.valid()) {
+    printf("%s is not a valid elf file.\n", file);
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  ElfInterface* interface = elf.interface();
+  if (elf.machine_type() == EM_ARM) {
+    DumpArm(reinterpret_cast<ElfInterfaceArm*>(interface));
+    printf("\n");
+  }
+
+  if (interface->eh_frame() != nullptr) {
+    printf("eh_frame information:\n");
+    DumpDwarfSection(interface, interface->eh_frame(), interface->load_bias());
+    printf("\n");
+  } else {
+    printf("\nno eh_frame information\n");
+  }
+
+  if (interface->debug_frame() != nullptr) {
+    printf("\ndebug_frame information:\n");
+    DumpDwarfSection(interface, interface->debug_frame(), interface->load_bias());
+    printf("\n");
+  } else {
+    printf("\nno debug_frame information\n");
+  }
+
+  // If there is a gnu_debugdata interface, dump the information for that.
+  ElfInterface* gnu_debugdata_interface = elf.gnu_debugdata_interface();
+  if (gnu_debugdata_interface != nullptr) {
+    if (gnu_debugdata_interface->eh_frame() != nullptr) {
+      printf("\ngnu_debugdata (eh_frame):\n");
+      DumpDwarfSection(gnu_debugdata_interface, gnu_debugdata_interface->eh_frame(), 0);
+      printf("\n");
+    }
+    if (gnu_debugdata_interface->debug_frame() != nullptr) {
+      printf("\ngnu_debugdata (debug_frame):\n");
+      DumpDwarfSection(gnu_debugdata_interface, gnu_debugdata_interface->debug_frame(), 0);
+      printf("\n");
+    }
+  } else {
+    printf("\nno valid gnu_debugdata information\n");
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  if (argc != 2) {
+    printf("Need to pass the name of an elf file to the program.\n");
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  struct stat st;
+  if (stat(argv[1], &st) == -1) {
+    printf("Cannot stat %s: %s\n", argv[1], strerror(errno));
+    return 1;
+  }
+  if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
+    printf("%s is not a regular file.\n", argv[1]);
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  return unwindstack::GetElfInfo(argv[1]);
+}
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_symbols.cpp b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_symbols.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc9ae5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_symbols.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <elf.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Log.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  if (argc != 2 && argc != 3) {
+    printf("Usage: unwind_symbols <ELF_FILE> [<FUNC_ADDRESS>]\n");
+    printf("  Dump all function symbols in ELF_FILE. If FUNC_ADDRESS is\n");
+    printf("  specified, then get the function at that address.\n");
+    printf("  FUNC_ADDRESS must be a hex number.\n");
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  struct stat st;
+  if (stat(argv[1], &st) == -1) {
+    printf("Cannot stat %s: %s\n", argv[1], strerror(errno));
+    return 1;
+  }
+  if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
+    printf("%s is not a regular file.\n", argv[1]);
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  uint64_t func_addr;
+  if (argc == 3) {
+    char* name;
+    func_addr = strtoull(argv[2], &name, 16);
+    if (*name != '\0') {
+      printf("%s is not a hex number.\n", argv[2]);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Send all log messages to stdout.
+  unwindstack::log_to_stdout(true);
+
+  unwindstack::MemoryFileAtOffset* memory = new unwindstack::MemoryFileAtOffset;
+  if (!memory->Init(argv[1], 0)) {
+    printf("Failed to init\n");
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  unwindstack::Elf elf(memory);
+  if (!elf.Init() || !elf.valid()) {
+    printf("%s is not a valid elf file.\n", argv[1]);
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  switch (elf.machine_type()) {
+    case EM_ARM:
+      printf("ABI: arm\n");
+      break;
+    case EM_AARCH64:
+      printf("ABI: arm64\n");
+      break;
+    case EM_386:
+      printf("ABI: x86\n");
+      break;
+    case EM_X86_64:
+      printf("ABI: x86_64\n");
+      break;
+    default:
+      printf("ABI: unknown\n");
+      return 1;
+  }
+
+  std::string name;
+  uint64_t load_bias = elf.interface()->load_bias();
+  if (argc == 3) {
+    std::string cur_name;
+    uint64_t func_offset;
+    if (!elf.GetFunctionName(func_addr, &cur_name, &func_offset)) {
+      printf("No known function at 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", func_addr);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    printf("<0x%" PRIx64 ">", func_addr - func_offset);
+    if (func_offset != 0) {
+      printf("+%" PRId64, func_offset);
+    }
+    printf(": %s\n", cur_name.c_str());
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // This is a crude way to get the symbols in order.
+  for (const auto& entry : elf.interface()->pt_loads()) {
+    uint64_t start = entry.second.offset + load_bias;
+    uint64_t end = entry.second.table_size + load_bias;
+    for (uint64_t addr = start; addr < end; addr += 4) {
+      std::string cur_name;
+      uint64_t func_offset;
+      if (elf.GetFunctionName(addr, &cur_name, &func_offset)) {
+        if (cur_name != name) {
+          printf("<0x%" PRIx64 "> Function: %s\n", addr - func_offset, cur_name.c_str());
+        }
+        name = cur_name;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libunwindstack/unwind_info.cpp b/libunwindstack/unwind_info.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6f158b0..0000000
--- a/libunwindstack/unwind_info.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <elf.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include "ArmExidx.h"
-#include "Elf.h"
-#include "ElfInterface.h"
-#include "ElfInterfaceArm.h"
-#include "Log.h"
-
-void DumpArm(ElfInterfaceArm* interface) {
-  if (interface == nullptr) {
-    printf("No ARM Unwind Information.\n\n");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  printf("ARM Unwind Information:\n");
-  for (const auto& entry : interface->pt_loads()) {
-    uint64_t load_bias = entry.second.table_offset;
-    printf(" PC Range 0x%" PRIx64 " - 0x%" PRIx64 "\n", entry.second.offset + load_bias,
-           entry.second.table_size + load_bias);
-    for (auto addr : *interface) {
-      std::string name;
-      printf("  PC 0x%" PRIx64, addr + load_bias);
-      uint64_t func_offset;
-      if (interface->GetFunctionName(addr + load_bias + 1, &name, &func_offset) && !name.empty()) {
-        printf(" <%s>", name.c_str());
-      }
-      printf("\n");
-      uint64_t entry;
-      if (!interface->FindEntry(addr + load_bias, &entry)) {
-        printf("    Cannot find entry for address.\n");
-        continue;
-      }
-      ArmExidx arm(nullptr, interface->memory(), nullptr);
-      arm.set_log(true);
-      arm.set_log_skip_execution(true);
-      arm.set_log_indent(2);
-      if (!arm.ExtractEntryData(entry)) {
-        if (arm.status() != ARM_STATUS_NO_UNWIND) {
-          printf("    Error trying to extract data.\n");
-        }
-        continue;
-      }
-      if (arm.data()->size() > 0) {
-        if (!arm.Eval() && arm.status() != ARM_STATUS_NO_UNWIND) {
-          printf("      Error trying to evaluate dwarf data.\n");
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  printf("\n");
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-  if (argc != 2) {
-    printf("Need to pass the name of an elf file to the program.\n");
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  struct stat st;
-  if (stat(argv[1], &st) == -1) {
-    printf("Cannot stat %s: %s\n", argv[1], strerror(errno));
-    return 1;
-  }
-  if (!S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
-    printf("%s is not a regular file.\n", argv[1]);
-    return 1;
-  }
-  if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-    printf("%s is a directory.\n", argv[1]);
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  // Send all log messages to stdout.
-  log_to_stdout(true);
-
-  MemoryFileAtOffset* memory = new MemoryFileAtOffset;
-  if (!memory->Init(argv[1], 0)) {
-    // Initializatation failed.
-    printf("Failed to init\n");
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  Elf elf(memory);
-  if (!elf.Init() || !elf.valid()) {
-    printf("%s is not a valid elf file.\n", argv[1]);
-    return 1;
-  }
-
-  ElfInterface* interface = elf.interface();
-  if (elf.machine_type() == EM_ARM) {
-    DumpArm(reinterpret_cast<ElfInterfaceArm*>(interface));
-    printf("\n");
-  }
-
-  return 0;
-}
diff --git a/libusbhost/Android.bp b/libusbhost/Android.bp
index a0d6b9b..fc6f305 100644
--- a/libusbhost/Android.bp
+++ b/libusbhost/Android.bp
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@
 
 cc_library {
     name: "libusbhost",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+    },
     host_supported: true,
     srcs: ["usbhost.c"],
     cflags: ["-Werror"],
diff --git a/libusbhost/include/usbhost/usbhost.h b/libusbhost/include/usbhost/usbhost.h
index 84594c8..a8dd673 100644
--- a/libusbhost/include/usbhost/usbhost.h
+++ b/libusbhost/include/usbhost/usbhost.h
@@ -144,17 +144,17 @@
  * usb_device_get_product_name and usb_device_get_serial.
  * Call free() to free the result when you are done with it.
  */
-char* usb_device_get_string(struct usb_device *device, int id);
+char* usb_device_get_string(struct usb_device *device, int id, int timeout);
 
 /* Returns the manufacturer name for the USB device.
  * Call free() to free the result when you are done with it.
  */
-char* usb_device_get_manufacturer_name(struct usb_device *device);
+char* usb_device_get_manufacturer_name(struct usb_device *device, int timeout);
 
 /* Returns the product name for the USB device.
  * Call free() to free the result when you are done with it.
  */
-char* usb_device_get_product_name(struct usb_device *device);
+char* usb_device_get_product_name(struct usb_device *device, int timeout);
 
 /* Returns the version number for the USB device.
  */
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
 /* Returns the USB serial number for the USB device.
  * Call free() to free the result when you are done with it.
  */
-char* usb_device_get_serial(struct usb_device *device);
+char* usb_device_get_serial(struct usb_device *device, int timeout);
 
 /* Returns true if we have write access to the USB device,
  * and false if we only have access to the USB device configuration.
@@ -232,10 +232,11 @@
 /* Submits a read or write request on the specified device */
 int usb_request_queue(struct usb_request *req);
 
- /* Waits for the results of a previous usb_request_queue operation.
+ /* Waits for the results of a previous usb_request_queue operation. timeoutMillis == -1 requests
+  * to wait forever.
   * Returns a usb_request, or NULL for error.
   */
-struct usb_request *usb_request_wait(struct usb_device *dev);
+struct usb_request *usb_request_wait(struct usb_device *dev, int timeoutMillis);
 
 /* Cancels a pending usb_request_queue() operation. */
 int usb_request_cancel(struct usb_request *req);
diff --git a/libusbhost/usbhost.c b/libusbhost/usbhost.c
index 050fc2f..44b878d 100644
--- a/libusbhost/usbhost.c
+++ b/libusbhost/usbhost.c
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#endif
+
 // #define DEBUG 1
 #if DEBUG
 
@@ -43,6 +47,7 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
+#include <poll.h>
 #include <pthread.h>
 
 #include <linux/usbdevice_fs.h>
@@ -449,7 +454,7 @@
     return (struct usb_device_descriptor*)device->desc;
 }
 
-char* usb_device_get_string(struct usb_device *device, int id)
+char* usb_device_get_string(struct usb_device *device, int id, int timeout)
 {
     char string[256];
     __u16 buffer[MAX_STRING_DESCRIPTOR_LENGTH / sizeof(__u16)];
@@ -465,7 +470,8 @@
     // read list of supported languages
     result = usb_device_control_transfer(device,
             USB_DIR_IN|USB_TYPE_STANDARD|USB_RECIP_DEVICE, USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR,
-            (USB_DT_STRING << 8) | 0, 0, languages, sizeof(languages), 0);
+            (USB_DT_STRING << 8) | 0, 0, languages, sizeof(languages),
+            timeout);
     if (result > 0)
         languageCount = (result - 2) / 2;
 
@@ -474,7 +480,8 @@
 
         result = usb_device_control_transfer(device,
                 USB_DIR_IN|USB_TYPE_STANDARD|USB_RECIP_DEVICE, USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR,
-                (USB_DT_STRING << 8) | id, languages[i], buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0);
+                (USB_DT_STRING << 8) | id, languages[i], buffer, sizeof(buffer),
+                timeout);
         if (result > 0) {
             int i;
             // skip first word, and copy the rest to the string, changing shorts to bytes.
@@ -489,16 +496,16 @@
     return NULL;
 }
 
-char* usb_device_get_manufacturer_name(struct usb_device *device)
+char* usb_device_get_manufacturer_name(struct usb_device *device, int timeout)
 {
     struct usb_device_descriptor *desc = (struct usb_device_descriptor *)device->desc;
-    return usb_device_get_string(device, desc->iManufacturer);
+    return usb_device_get_string(device, desc->iManufacturer, timeout);
 }
 
-char* usb_device_get_product_name(struct usb_device *device)
+char* usb_device_get_product_name(struct usb_device *device, int timeout)
 {
     struct usb_device_descriptor *desc = (struct usb_device_descriptor *)device->desc;
-    return usb_device_get_string(device, desc->iProduct);
+    return usb_device_get_string(device, desc->iProduct, timeout);
 }
 
 int usb_device_get_version(struct usb_device *device)
@@ -507,10 +514,10 @@
     return desc->bcdUSB;
 }
 
-char* usb_device_get_serial(struct usb_device *device)
+char* usb_device_get_serial(struct usb_device *device, int timeout)
 {
     struct usb_device_descriptor *desc = (struct usb_device_descriptor *)device->desc;
-    return usb_device_get_string(device, desc->iSerialNumber);
+    return usb_device_get_string(device, desc->iSerialNumber, timeout);
 }
 
 int usb_device_is_writeable(struct usb_device *device)
@@ -681,29 +688,38 @@
     return res;
 }
 
-struct usb_request *usb_request_wait(struct usb_device *dev)
+struct usb_request *usb_request_wait(struct usb_device *dev, int timeoutMillis)
 {
-    struct usbdevfs_urb *urb = NULL;
-    struct usb_request *req = NULL;
+    // Poll until a request becomes available if there is a timeout
+    if (timeoutMillis > 0) {
+        struct pollfd p = {.fd = dev->fd, .events = POLLOUT, .revents = 0};
 
-    while (1) {
-        int res = ioctl(dev->fd, USBDEVFS_REAPURB, &urb);
-        D("USBDEVFS_REAPURB returned %d\n", res);
-        if (res < 0) {
-            if(errno == EINTR) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            D("[ reap urb - error ]\n");
+        int res = poll(&p, 1, timeoutMillis);
+
+        if (res != 1 || p.revents != POLLOUT) {
+            D("[ poll - event %d, error %d]\n", p.revents, errno);
             return NULL;
-        } else {
-            D("[ urb @%p status = %d, actual = %d ]\n",
-                urb, urb->status, urb->actual_length);
-            req = (struct usb_request*)urb->usercontext;
-            req->actual_length = urb->actual_length;
         }
-        break;
     }
-    return req;
+
+    // Read the request. This should usually succeed as we polled before, but it can fail e.g. when
+    // two threads are reading usb requests at the same time and only a single request is available.
+    struct usbdevfs_urb *urb = NULL;
+    int res = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(ioctl(dev->fd, timeoutMillis == -1 ? USBDEVFS_REAPURB :
+                                       USBDEVFS_REAPURBNDELAY, &urb));
+    D("%s returned %d\n", timeoutMillis == -1 ? "USBDEVFS_REAPURB" : "USBDEVFS_REAPURBNDELAY", res);
+
+    if (res < 0) {
+        D("[ reap urb - error %d]\n", errno);
+        return NULL;
+    } else {
+        D("[ urb @%p status = %d, actual = %d ]\n", urb, urb->status, urb->actual_length);
+
+        struct usb_request *req = (struct usb_request*)urb->usercontext;
+        req->actual_length = urb->actual_length;
+
+        return req;
+    }
 }
 
 int usb_request_cancel(struct usb_request *req)
@@ -711,4 +727,3 @@
     struct usbdevfs_urb *urb = ((struct usbdevfs_urb*)req->private_data);
     return ioctl(req->dev->fd, USBDEVFS_DISCARDURB, urb);
 }
-
diff --git a/libutils/Android.bp b/libutils/Android.bp
index 33770ba..038fd73 100644
--- a/libutils/Android.bp
+++ b/libutils/Android.bp
@@ -18,10 +18,12 @@
     host_supported: true,
 
     header_libs: [
+        "liblog_headers",
         "libsystem_headers",
         "libcutils_headers"
     ],
     export_header_lib_headers: [
+        "liblog_headers",
         "libsystem_headers",
         "libcutils_headers"
     ],
@@ -44,14 +46,16 @@
 cc_library {
     name: "libutils",
     vendor_available: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+        support_system_process: true,
+    },
     host_supported: true,
 
     srcs: [
         "CallStack.cpp",
         "FileMap.cpp",
         "JenkinsHash.cpp",
-        "LinearTransform.cpp",
-        "Log.cpp",
         "NativeHandle.cpp",
         "Printer.cpp",
         "PropertyMap.cpp",
@@ -73,8 +77,12 @@
 
     cflags: ["-Werror"],
     include_dirs: ["external/safe-iop/include"],
-    header_libs: ["libutils_headers"],
-    export_header_lib_headers: ["libutils_headers"],
+    header_libs: [
+        "libutils_headers",
+    ],
+    export_header_lib_headers: [
+        "libutils_headers",
+    ],
 
     arch: {
         mips: {
@@ -85,7 +93,6 @@
     target: {
         android: {
             srcs: [
-                "BlobCache.cpp",
                 "Looper.cpp",
                 "ProcessCallStack.cpp",
                 "Trace.cpp",
@@ -98,6 +105,7 @@
                 "libcutils",
                 "libdl",
                 "liblog",
+                "libvndksupport",
             ],
 
             sanitize: {
@@ -138,8 +146,6 @@
             enabled: true,
         },
     },
-
-    clang: true,
 }
 
 // Include subdirectory makefiles
diff --git a/libutils/BlobCache.cpp b/libutils/BlobCache.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 126995b..0000000
--- a/libutils/BlobCache.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,379 +0,0 @@
-/*
- ** Copyright 2011, The Android Open Source Project
- **
- ** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- ** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- ** You may obtain a copy of the License at
- **
- **     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- **
- ** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- ** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- ** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- ** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- ** limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "BlobCache"
-//#define LOG_NDEBUG 0
-
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include <utils/BlobCache.h>
-#include <utils/Errors.h>
-#include <utils/Log.h>
-
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-// BlobCache::Header::mMagicNumber value
-static const uint32_t blobCacheMagic = ('_' << 24) + ('B' << 16) + ('b' << 8) + '$';
-
-// BlobCache::Header::mBlobCacheVersion value
-static const uint32_t blobCacheVersion = 3;
-
-// BlobCache::Header::mDeviceVersion value
-static const uint32_t blobCacheDeviceVersion = 1;
-
-BlobCache::BlobCache(size_t maxKeySize, size_t maxValueSize, size_t maxTotalSize):
-        mMaxKeySize(maxKeySize),
-        mMaxValueSize(maxValueSize),
-        mMaxTotalSize(maxTotalSize),
-        mTotalSize(0) {
-    nsecs_t now = systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_MONOTONIC);
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    srand(now);
-#else
-    mRandState[0] = (now >> 0) & 0xFFFF;
-    mRandState[1] = (now >> 16) & 0xFFFF;
-    mRandState[2] = (now >> 32) & 0xFFFF;
-#endif
-    ALOGV("initializing random seed using %lld", (unsigned long long)now);
-}
-
-void BlobCache::set(const void* key, size_t keySize, const void* value,
-        size_t valueSize) {
-    if (mMaxKeySize < keySize) {
-        ALOGV("set: not caching because the key is too large: %zu (limit: %zu)",
-                keySize, mMaxKeySize);
-        return;
-    }
-    if (mMaxValueSize < valueSize) {
-        ALOGV("set: not caching because the value is too large: %zu (limit: %zu)",
-                valueSize, mMaxValueSize);
-        return;
-    }
-    if (mMaxTotalSize < keySize + valueSize) {
-        ALOGV("set: not caching because the combined key/value size is too "
-                "large: %zu (limit: %zu)", keySize + valueSize, mMaxTotalSize);
-        return;
-    }
-    if (keySize == 0) {
-        ALOGW("set: not caching because keySize is 0");
-        return;
-    }
-    if (valueSize <= 0) {
-        ALOGW("set: not caching because valueSize is 0");
-        return;
-    }
-
-    sp<Blob> dummyKey(new Blob(key, keySize, false));
-    CacheEntry dummyEntry(dummyKey, NULL);
-
-    while (true) {
-        ssize_t index = mCacheEntries.indexOf(dummyEntry);
-        if (index < 0) {
-            // Create a new cache entry.
-            sp<Blob> keyBlob(new Blob(key, keySize, true));
-            sp<Blob> valueBlob(new Blob(value, valueSize, true));
-            size_t newTotalSize = mTotalSize + keySize + valueSize;
-            if (mMaxTotalSize < newTotalSize) {
-                if (isCleanable()) {
-                    // Clean the cache and try again.
-                    clean();
-                    continue;
-                } else {
-                    ALOGV("set: not caching new key/value pair because the "
-                            "total cache size limit would be exceeded: %zu "
-                            "(limit: %zu)",
-                            keySize + valueSize, mMaxTotalSize);
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            mCacheEntries.add(CacheEntry(keyBlob, valueBlob));
-            mTotalSize = newTotalSize;
-            ALOGV("set: created new cache entry with %zu byte key and %zu byte value",
-                    keySize, valueSize);
-        } else {
-            // Update the existing cache entry.
-            sp<Blob> valueBlob(new Blob(value, valueSize, true));
-            sp<Blob> oldValueBlob(mCacheEntries[index].getValue());
-            size_t newTotalSize = mTotalSize + valueSize - oldValueBlob->getSize();
-            if (mMaxTotalSize < newTotalSize) {
-                if (isCleanable()) {
-                    // Clean the cache and try again.
-                    clean();
-                    continue;
-                } else {
-                    ALOGV("set: not caching new value because the total cache "
-                            "size limit would be exceeded: %zu (limit: %zu)",
-                            keySize + valueSize, mMaxTotalSize);
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            mCacheEntries.editItemAt(index).setValue(valueBlob);
-            mTotalSize = newTotalSize;
-            ALOGV("set: updated existing cache entry with %zu byte key and %zu byte "
-                    "value", keySize, valueSize);
-        }
-        break;
-    }
-}
-
-size_t BlobCache::get(const void* key, size_t keySize, void* value,
-        size_t valueSize) {
-    if (mMaxKeySize < keySize) {
-        ALOGV("get: not searching because the key is too large: %zu (limit %zu)",
-                keySize, mMaxKeySize);
-        return 0;
-    }
-    sp<Blob> dummyKey(new Blob(key, keySize, false));
-    CacheEntry dummyEntry(dummyKey, NULL);
-    ssize_t index = mCacheEntries.indexOf(dummyEntry);
-    if (index < 0) {
-        ALOGV("get: no cache entry found for key of size %zu", keySize);
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    // The key was found. Return the value if the caller's buffer is large
-    // enough.
-    sp<Blob> valueBlob(mCacheEntries[index].getValue());
-    size_t valueBlobSize = valueBlob->getSize();
-    if (valueBlobSize <= valueSize) {
-        ALOGV("get: copying %zu bytes to caller's buffer", valueBlobSize);
-        memcpy(value, valueBlob->getData(), valueBlobSize);
-    } else {
-        ALOGV("get: caller's buffer is too small for value: %zu (needs %zu)",
-                valueSize, valueBlobSize);
-    }
-    return valueBlobSize;
-}
-
-static inline size_t align4(size_t size) {
-    return (size + 3) & ~3;
-}
-
-size_t BlobCache::getFlattenedSize() const {
-    size_t size = align4(sizeof(Header) + PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < mCacheEntries.size(); i++) {
-        const CacheEntry& e(mCacheEntries[i]);
-        sp<Blob> keyBlob = e.getKey();
-        sp<Blob> valueBlob = e.getValue();
-        size += align4(sizeof(EntryHeader) + keyBlob->getSize() +
-                       valueBlob->getSize());
-    }
-    return size;
-}
-
-status_t BlobCache::flatten(void* buffer, size_t size) const {
-    // Write the cache header
-    if (size < sizeof(Header)) {
-        ALOGE("flatten: not enough room for cache header");
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-    Header* header = reinterpret_cast<Header*>(buffer);
-    header->mMagicNumber = blobCacheMagic;
-    header->mBlobCacheVersion = blobCacheVersion;
-    header->mDeviceVersion = blobCacheDeviceVersion;
-    header->mNumEntries = mCacheEntries.size();
-    char buildId[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    header->mBuildIdLength = property_get("ro.build.id", buildId, "");
-    memcpy(header->mBuildId, buildId, header->mBuildIdLength);
-
-    // Write cache entries
-    uint8_t* byteBuffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer);
-    off_t byteOffset = align4(sizeof(Header) + header->mBuildIdLength);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < mCacheEntries.size(); i++) {
-        const CacheEntry& e(mCacheEntries[i]);
-        sp<Blob> keyBlob = e.getKey();
-        sp<Blob> valueBlob = e.getValue();
-        size_t keySize = keyBlob->getSize();
-        size_t valueSize = valueBlob->getSize();
-
-        size_t entrySize = sizeof(EntryHeader) + keySize + valueSize;
-        size_t totalSize = align4(entrySize);
-        if (byteOffset + totalSize > size) {
-            ALOGE("flatten: not enough room for cache entries");
-            return BAD_VALUE;
-        }
-
-        EntryHeader* eheader = reinterpret_cast<EntryHeader*>(
-            &byteBuffer[byteOffset]);
-        eheader->mKeySize = keySize;
-        eheader->mValueSize = valueSize;
-
-        memcpy(eheader->mData, keyBlob->getData(), keySize);
-        memcpy(eheader->mData + keySize, valueBlob->getData(), valueSize);
-
-        if (totalSize > entrySize) {
-            // We have padding bytes. Those will get written to storage, and contribute to the CRC,
-            // so make sure we zero-them to have reproducible results.
-            memset(eheader->mData + keySize + valueSize, 0, totalSize - entrySize);
-        }
-
-        byteOffset += totalSize;
-    }
-
-    return OK;
-}
-
-status_t BlobCache::unflatten(void const* buffer, size_t size) {
-    // All errors should result in the BlobCache being in an empty state.
-    mCacheEntries.clear();
-
-    // Read the cache header
-    if (size < sizeof(Header)) {
-        ALOGE("unflatten: not enough room for cache header");
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-    const Header* header = reinterpret_cast<const Header*>(buffer);
-    if (header->mMagicNumber != blobCacheMagic) {
-        ALOGE("unflatten: bad magic number: %" PRIu32, header->mMagicNumber);
-        return BAD_VALUE;
-    }
-    char buildId[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
-    int len = property_get("ro.build.id", buildId, "");
-    if (header->mBlobCacheVersion != blobCacheVersion ||
-            header->mDeviceVersion != blobCacheDeviceVersion ||
-            len != header->mBuildIdLength ||
-            strncmp(buildId, header->mBuildId, len)) {
-        // We treat version mismatches as an empty cache.
-        return OK;
-    }
-
-    // Read cache entries
-    const uint8_t* byteBuffer = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(buffer);
-    off_t byteOffset = align4(sizeof(Header) + header->mBuildIdLength);
-    size_t numEntries = header->mNumEntries;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < numEntries; i++) {
-        if (byteOffset + sizeof(EntryHeader) > size) {
-            mCacheEntries.clear();
-            ALOGE("unflatten: not enough room for cache entry headers");
-            return BAD_VALUE;
-        }
-
-        const EntryHeader* eheader = reinterpret_cast<const EntryHeader*>(
-                &byteBuffer[byteOffset]);
-        size_t keySize = eheader->mKeySize;
-        size_t valueSize = eheader->mValueSize;
-        size_t entrySize = sizeof(EntryHeader) + keySize + valueSize;
-
-        size_t totalSize = align4(entrySize);
-        if (byteOffset + totalSize > size) {
-            mCacheEntries.clear();
-            ALOGE("unflatten: not enough room for cache entry headers");
-            return BAD_VALUE;
-        }
-
-        const uint8_t* data = eheader->mData;
-        set(data, keySize, data + keySize, valueSize);
-
-        byteOffset += totalSize;
-    }
-
-    return OK;
-}
-
-long int BlobCache::blob_random() {
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    return rand();
-#else
-    return nrand48(mRandState);
-#endif
-}
-
-void BlobCache::clean() {
-    // Remove a random cache entry until the total cache size gets below half
-    // the maximum total cache size.
-    while (mTotalSize > mMaxTotalSize / 2) {
-        size_t i = size_t(blob_random() % (mCacheEntries.size()));
-        const CacheEntry& entry(mCacheEntries[i]);
-        mTotalSize -= entry.getKey()->getSize() + entry.getValue()->getSize();
-        mCacheEntries.removeAt(i);
-    }
-}
-
-bool BlobCache::isCleanable() const {
-    return mTotalSize > mMaxTotalSize / 2;
-}
-
-BlobCache::Blob::Blob(const void* data, size_t size, bool copyData):
-        mData(copyData ? malloc(size) : data),
-        mSize(size),
-        mOwnsData(copyData) {
-    if (data != NULL && copyData) {
-        memcpy(const_cast<void*>(mData), data, size);
-    }
-}
-
-BlobCache::Blob::~Blob() {
-    if (mOwnsData) {
-        free(const_cast<void*>(mData));
-    }
-}
-
-bool BlobCache::Blob::operator<(const Blob& rhs) const {
-    if (mSize == rhs.mSize) {
-        return memcmp(mData, rhs.mData, mSize) < 0;
-    } else {
-        return mSize < rhs.mSize;
-    }
-}
-
-const void* BlobCache::Blob::getData() const {
-    return mData;
-}
-
-size_t BlobCache::Blob::getSize() const {
-    return mSize;
-}
-
-BlobCache::CacheEntry::CacheEntry() {
-}
-
-BlobCache::CacheEntry::CacheEntry(const sp<Blob>& key, const sp<Blob>& value):
-        mKey(key),
-        mValue(value) {
-}
-
-BlobCache::CacheEntry::CacheEntry(const CacheEntry& ce):
-        mKey(ce.mKey),
-        mValue(ce.mValue) {
-}
-
-bool BlobCache::CacheEntry::operator<(const CacheEntry& rhs) const {
-    return *mKey < *rhs.mKey;
-}
-
-const BlobCache::CacheEntry& BlobCache::CacheEntry::operator=(const CacheEntry& rhs) {
-    mKey = rhs.mKey;
-    mValue = rhs.mValue;
-    return *this;
-}
-
-sp<BlobCache::Blob> BlobCache::CacheEntry::getKey() const {
-    return mKey;
-}
-
-sp<BlobCache::Blob> BlobCache::CacheEntry::getValue() const {
-    return mValue;
-}
-
-void BlobCache::CacheEntry::setValue(const sp<Blob>& value) {
-    mValue = value;
-}
-
-} // namespace android
diff --git a/libutils/CallStack.cpp b/libutils/CallStack.cpp
index 699da74..bd6015e 100644
--- a/libutils/CallStack.cpp
+++ b/libutils/CallStack.cpp
@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "CallStack"
 
+#include <utils/CallStack.h>
+
 #include <memory>
 
-#include <utils/CallStack.h>
 #include <utils/Printer.h>
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
diff --git a/libutils/LinearTransform.cpp b/libutils/LinearTransform.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 138ce8b..0000000
--- a/libutils/LinearTransform.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,282 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
-
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-#include <utils/LinearTransform.h>
-
-// disable sanitize as these functions may intentionally overflow (see comments below).
-// the ifdef can be removed when host builds use clang.
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#define ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_INTEGER __attribute__((no_sanitize("integer")))
-#else
-#define ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_INTEGER
-#endif
-
-namespace android {
-
-// sanitize failure with T = int32_t and x = 0x80000000
-template<class T>
-ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_INTEGER
-static inline T ABS(T x) { return (x < 0) ? -x : x; }
-
-// Static math methods involving linear transformations
-// remote sanitize failure on overflow case.
-ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_INTEGER
-static bool scale_u64_to_u64(
-        uint64_t val,
-        uint32_t N,
-        uint32_t D,
-        uint64_t* res,
-        bool round_up_not_down) {
-    uint64_t tmp1, tmp2;
-    uint32_t r;
-
-    assert(res);
-    assert(D);
-
-    // Let U32(X) denote a uint32_t containing the upper 32 bits of a 64 bit
-    // integer X.
-    // Let L32(X) denote a uint32_t containing the lower 32 bits of a 64 bit
-    // integer X.
-    // Let X[A, B] with A <= B denote bits A through B of the integer X.
-    // Let (A | B) denote the concatination of two 32 bit ints, A and B.
-    // IOW X = (A | B) => U32(X) == A && L32(X) == B
-    //
-    // compute M = val * N (a 96 bit int)
-    // ---------------------------------
-    // tmp2 = U32(val) * N (a 64 bit int)
-    // tmp1 = L32(val) * N (a 64 bit int)
-    // which means
-    // M = val * N = (tmp2 << 32) + tmp1
-    tmp2 = (val >> 32) * N;
-    tmp1 = (val & UINT32_MAX) * N;
-
-    // compute M[32, 95]
-    // tmp2 = tmp2 + U32(tmp1)
-    //      = (U32(val) * N) + U32(L32(val) * N)
-    //      = M[32, 95]
-    tmp2 += tmp1 >> 32;
-
-    // if M[64, 95] >= D, then M/D has bits > 63 set and we have
-    // an overflow.
-    if ((tmp2 >> 32) >= D) {
-        *res = UINT64_MAX;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // Divide.  Going in we know
-    // tmp2 = M[32, 95]
-    // U32(tmp2) < D
-    r = tmp2 % D;
-    tmp2 /= D;
-
-    // At this point
-    // tmp1      = L32(val) * N
-    // tmp2      = M[32, 95] / D
-    //           = (M / D)[32, 95]
-    // r         = M[32, 95] % D
-    // U32(tmp2) = 0
-    //
-    // compute tmp1 = (r | M[0, 31])
-    tmp1 = (tmp1 & UINT32_MAX) | ((uint64_t)r << 32);
-
-    // Divide again.  Keep the remainder around in order to round properly.
-    r = tmp1 % D;
-    tmp1 /= D;
-
-    // At this point
-    // tmp2      = (M / D)[32, 95]
-    // tmp1      = (M / D)[ 0, 31]
-    // r         =  M % D
-    // U32(tmp1) = 0
-    // U32(tmp2) = 0
-
-    // Pack the result and deal with the round-up case (As well as the
-    // remote possiblility over overflow in such a case).
-    *res = (tmp2 << 32) | tmp1;
-    if (r && round_up_not_down) {
-        ++(*res);
-        if (!(*res)) {
-            *res = UINT64_MAX;
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-// at least one known sanitize failure (see comment below)
-ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_INTEGER
-static bool linear_transform_s64_to_s64(
-        int64_t  val,
-        int64_t  basis1,
-        int32_t  N,
-        uint32_t D,
-        bool     invert_frac,
-        int64_t  basis2,
-        int64_t* out) {
-    uint64_t scaled, res;
-    uint64_t abs_val;
-    bool is_neg;
-
-    if (!out)
-        return false;
-
-    // Compute abs(val - basis_64). Keep track of whether or not this delta
-    // will be negative after the scale opertaion.
-    if (val < basis1) {
-        is_neg = true;
-        abs_val = basis1 - val;
-    } else {
-        is_neg = false;
-        abs_val = val - basis1;
-    }
-
-    if (N < 0)
-        is_neg = !is_neg;
-
-    if (!scale_u64_to_u64(abs_val,
-                          invert_frac ? D : ABS(N),
-                          invert_frac ? ABS(N) : D,
-                          &scaled,
-                          is_neg))
-        return false; // overflow/undeflow
-
-    // if scaled is >= 0x8000<etc>, then we are going to overflow or
-    // underflow unless ABS(basis2) is large enough to pull us back into the
-    // non-overflow/underflow region.
-    if (scaled & INT64_MIN) {
-        if (is_neg && (basis2 < 0))
-            return false; // certain underflow
-
-        if (!is_neg && (basis2 >= 0))
-            return false; // certain overflow
-
-        if (ABS(basis2) <= static_cast<int64_t>(scaled & INT64_MAX))
-            return false; // not enough
-
-        // Looks like we are OK
-        *out = (is_neg ? (-scaled) : scaled) + basis2;
-    } else {
-        // Scaled fits within signed bounds, so we just need to check for
-        // over/underflow for two signed integers.  Basically, if both scaled
-        // and basis2 have the same sign bit, and the result has a different
-        // sign bit, then we have under/overflow.  An easy way to compute this
-        // is
-        // (scaled_signbit XNOR basis_signbit) &&
-        // (scaled_signbit XOR res_signbit)
-        // ==
-        // (scaled_signbit XOR basis_signbit XOR 1) &&
-        // (scaled_signbit XOR res_signbit)
-
-        if (is_neg)
-            scaled = -scaled; // known sanitize failure
-        res = scaled + basis2;
-
-        if ((scaled ^ basis2 ^ INT64_MIN) & (scaled ^ res) & INT64_MIN)
-            return false;
-
-        *out = res;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool LinearTransform::doForwardTransform(int64_t a_in, int64_t* b_out) const {
-    if (0 == a_to_b_denom)
-        return false;
-
-    return linear_transform_s64_to_s64(a_in,
-                                       a_zero,
-                                       a_to_b_numer,
-                                       a_to_b_denom,
-                                       false,
-                                       b_zero,
-                                       b_out);
-}
-
-bool LinearTransform::doReverseTransform(int64_t b_in, int64_t* a_out) const {
-    if (0 == a_to_b_numer)
-        return false;
-
-    return linear_transform_s64_to_s64(b_in,
-                                       b_zero,
-                                       a_to_b_numer,
-                                       a_to_b_denom,
-                                       true,
-                                       a_zero,
-                                       a_out);
-}
-
-template <class T> void LinearTransform::reduce(T* N, T* D) {
-    T a, b;
-    if (!N || !D || !(*D)) {
-        assert(false);
-        return;
-    }
-
-    a = *N;
-    b = *D;
-
-    if (a == 0) {
-        *D = 1;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // This implements Euclid's method to find GCD.
-    if (a < b) {
-        T tmp = a;
-        a = b;
-        b = tmp;
-    }
-
-    while (1) {
-        // a is now the greater of the two.
-        const T remainder = a % b;
-        if (remainder == 0) {
-            *N /= b;
-            *D /= b;
-            return;
-        }
-        // by swapping remainder and b, we are guaranteeing that a is
-        // still the greater of the two upon entrance to the loop.
-        a = b;
-        b = remainder;
-    }
-};
-
-template void LinearTransform::reduce<uint64_t>(uint64_t* N, uint64_t* D);
-template void LinearTransform::reduce<uint32_t>(uint32_t* N, uint32_t* D);
-
-// sanitize failure if *N = 0x80000000
-ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_INTEGER
-void LinearTransform::reduce(int32_t* N, uint32_t* D) {
-    if (N && D && *D) {
-        if (*N < 0) {
-            *N = -(*N);
-            reduce(reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(N), D);
-            *N = -(*N);
-        } else {
-            reduce(reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(N), D);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libutils/Log.cpp b/libutils/Log.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index bffb56e..0000000
--- a/libutils/Log.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "Log"
-
-#include <utils/Log.h>
-#include <utils/Timers.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-LogIfSlow::LogIfSlow(const char* tag, android_LogPriority priority,
-        int timeoutMillis, const char* message) :
-        mTag(tag), mPriority(priority), mTimeoutMillis(timeoutMillis), mMessage(message),
-        mStart(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME)) {
-}
-
-LogIfSlow::~LogIfSlow() {
-    int durationMillis = nanoseconds_to_milliseconds(systemTime(SYSTEM_TIME_BOOTTIME) - mStart);
-    if (durationMillis > mTimeoutMillis) {
-        LOG_PRI(mPriority, mTag, "%s: %dms", mMessage, durationMillis);
-    }
-}
-
-} // namespace android
diff --git a/libutils/Looper.cpp b/libutils/Looper.cpp
index 77e69e4..6c57b2e 100644
--- a/libutils/Looper.cpp
+++ b/libutils/Looper.cpp
@@ -13,17 +13,8 @@
 // Debugs callback registration and invocation.
 #define DEBUG_CALLBACKS 0
 
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/eventfd.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <log/log.h>
 #include <utils/Looper.h>
-#include <utils/Timers.h>
+#include <sys/eventfd.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
@@ -83,6 +74,7 @@
 
 Looper::~Looper() {
     close(mWakeEventFd);
+    mWakeEventFd = -1;
     if (mEpollFd >= 0) {
         close(mEpollFd);
     }
@@ -412,7 +404,8 @@
     ssize_t nWrite = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(mWakeEventFd, &inc, sizeof(uint64_t)));
     if (nWrite != sizeof(uint64_t)) {
         if (errno != EAGAIN) {
-            ALOGW("Could not write wake signal: %s", strerror(errno));
+            LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Could not write wake signal to fd %d: %s",
+                    mWakeEventFd, strerror(errno));
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/libutils/NativeHandle.cpp b/libutils/NativeHandle.cpp
index e4daca7..97d06b8 100644
--- a/libutils/NativeHandle.cpp
+++ b/libutils/NativeHandle.cpp
@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-sp<NativeHandle> NativeHandle::create(
-        native_handle_t* handle, bool ownsHandle) {
+sp<NativeHandle> NativeHandle::create(native_handle_t* handle, bool ownsHandle) {
     return handle ? new NativeHandle(handle, ownsHandle) : NULL;
 }
 
 NativeHandle::NativeHandle(native_handle_t* handle, bool ownsHandle)
-:   mHandle(handle), mOwnsHandle(ownsHandle)
-{}
+        : mHandle(handle), mOwnsHandle(ownsHandle) {
+
+}
 
 NativeHandle::~NativeHandle() {
     if (mOwnsHandle) {
diff --git a/libutils/Printer.cpp b/libutils/Printer.cpp
index 84af293..cbf042e 100644
--- a/libutils/Printer.cpp
+++ b/libutils/Printer.cpp
@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@
 #include <utils/String8.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
 namespace android {
diff --git a/libutils/ProcessCallStack.cpp b/libutils/ProcessCallStack.cpp
index 983847c..b8fb6dc 100644
--- a/libutils/ProcessCallStack.cpp
+++ b/libutils/ProcessCallStack.cpp
@@ -17,20 +17,15 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "ProcessCallStack"
 // #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 
+#include <utils/ProcessCallStack.h>
+
 #include <dirent.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
+
 #include <memory>
 
-#include <utils/Log.h>
-#include <utils/Errors.h>
-#include <utils/ProcessCallStack.h>
 #include <utils/Printer.h>
 
-#include <limits.h>
-
 namespace android {
 
 enum {
diff --git a/libutils/PropertyMap.cpp b/libutils/PropertyMap.cpp
index 5520702..4bcdd0f 100644
--- a/libutils/PropertyMap.cpp
+++ b/libutils/PropertyMap.cpp
@@ -16,11 +16,7 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "PropertyMap"
 
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
 #include <utils/PropertyMap.h>
-#include <utils/Log.h>
 
 // Enables debug output for the parser.
 #define DEBUG_PARSER 0
diff --git a/libutils/RefBase.cpp b/libutils/RefBase.cpp
index 4252ba6..24737b9 100644
--- a/libutils/RefBase.cpp
+++ b/libutils/RefBase.cpp
@@ -17,18 +17,9 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "RefBase"
 // #define LOG_NDEBUG 0
 
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
 #include <utils/RefBase.h>
 
 #include <utils/CallStack.h>
-#include <utils/Log.h>
-#include <utils/threads.h>
 
 #ifndef __unused
 #define __unused __attribute__((__unused__))
@@ -769,6 +760,4 @@
     ref->mRefs->renameWeakRefId(old_id, new_id);
 }
 
-VirtualLightRefBase::~VirtualLightRefBase() {}
-
 }; // namespace android
diff --git a/libutils/SharedBuffer.cpp b/libutils/SharedBuffer.cpp
index 957aedb..bad98b2 100644
--- a/libutils/SharedBuffer.cpp
+++ b/libutils/SharedBuffer.cpp
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "sharedbuffer"
 
+#include "SharedBuffer.h"
+
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include <log/log.h>
 
-#include "SharedBuffer.h"
-
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 namespace android {
@@ -113,16 +113,26 @@
 
 int32_t SharedBuffer::release(uint32_t flags) const
 {
-    int32_t prev = 1;
-    if (onlyOwner()
-            || (((prev = mRefs.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_release)) == 1)
-                && (atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_acquire), true))) {
+    const bool useDealloc = ((flags & eKeepStorage) == 0);
+    if (onlyOwner()) {
+        // Since we're the only owner, our reference count goes to zero.
         mRefs.store(0, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-        if ((flags & eKeepStorage) == 0) {
-            free(const_cast<SharedBuffer*>(this));
+        if (useDealloc) {
+            dealloc(this);
+        }
+        // As the only owner, our previous reference count was 1.
+        return 1;
+    }
+    // There's multiple owners, we need to use an atomic decrement.
+    int32_t prevRefCount = mRefs.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_release);
+    if (prevRefCount == 1) {
+        // We're the last reference, we need the acquire fence.
+        atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_acquire);
+        if (useDealloc) {
+            dealloc(this);
         }
     }
-    return prev;
+    return prevRefCount;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/libutils/StopWatch.cpp b/libutils/StopWatch.cpp
index 8c7b596..219c13c 100644
--- a/libutils/StopWatch.cpp
+++ b/libutils/StopWatch.cpp
@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "StopWatch"
 
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
+#include <utils/StopWatch.h>
 
 /* for PRId64 */
 #ifndef __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS
@@ -27,8 +25,6 @@
 #include <inttypes.h>
 
 #include <utils/Log.h>
-#include <utils/Errors.h>
-#include <utils/StopWatch.h>
 
 /*****************************************************************************/
 
diff --git a/libutils/String16.cpp b/libutils/String16.cpp
index 9f5cfea..ad335c3 100644
--- a/libutils/String16.cpp
+++ b/libutils/String16.cpp
@@ -17,11 +17,7 @@
 #include <utils/String16.h>
 
 #include <utils/Log.h>
-#include <utils/Unicode.h>
-#include <utils/threads.h>
 
-#include <memory.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
 
 #include "SharedBuffer.h"
diff --git a/libutils/String8.cpp b/libutils/String8.cpp
index cacaf91..ad0e72e 100644
--- a/libutils/String8.cpp
+++ b/libutils/String8.cpp
@@ -21,9 +21,7 @@
 
 #include <utils/Compat.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
-#include <utils/Unicode.h>
 #include <utils/String16.h>
-#include <utils/threads.h>
 
 #include <ctype.h>
 
diff --git a/libutils/SystemClock.cpp b/libutils/SystemClock.cpp
index 965e32c..73ec1be 100644
--- a/libutils/SystemClock.cpp
+++ b/libutils/SystemClock.cpp
@@ -19,17 +19,17 @@
  * System clock functions.
  */
 
-#include <sys/time.h>
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
+#define LOG_TAG "SystemClock"
+
+#include <utils/SystemClock.h>
+
 #include <string.h>
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <time.h>
 
 #include <cutils/compiler.h>
-#include <utils/SystemClock.h>
-#include <utils/Timers.h>
 
-#define LOG_TAG "SystemClock"
+#include <utils/Timers.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
 namespace android {
diff --git a/libutils/Threads.cpp b/libutils/Threads.cpp
index def739f..6317c32 100644
--- a/libutils/Threads.cpp
+++ b/libutils/Threads.cpp
@@ -18,16 +18,10 @@
 #define LOG_TAG "libutils.threads"
 
 #include <assert.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <memory.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
+#include <utils/Thread.h>
+#include <utils/AndroidThreads.h>
 
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
-# include <pthread.h>
-# include <sched.h>
 # include <sys/resource.h>
 #else
 # include <windows.h>
@@ -40,7 +34,6 @@
 #include <sys/prctl.h>
 #endif
 
-#include <utils/threads.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
 #include <cutils/sched_policy.h>
diff --git a/libutils/Timers.cpp b/libutils/Timers.cpp
index 201bc41..b2df9a5 100644
--- a/libutils/Timers.cpp
+++ b/libutils/Timers.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
 #include <limits.h>
-#include <sys/time.h>
 #include <time.h>
 
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
@@ -53,7 +52,7 @@
 
 int toMillisecondTimeoutDelay(nsecs_t referenceTime, nsecs_t timeoutTime)
 {
-    int timeoutDelayMillis;
+    nsecs_t timeoutDelayMillis;
     if (timeoutTime > referenceTime) {
         uint64_t timeoutDelay = uint64_t(timeoutTime - referenceTime);
         if (timeoutDelay > uint64_t((INT_MAX - 1) * 1000000LL)) {
@@ -64,5 +63,5 @@
     } else {
         timeoutDelayMillis = 0;
     }
-    return timeoutDelayMillis;
+    return (int)timeoutDelayMillis;
 }
diff --git a/libutils/Tokenizer.cpp b/libutils/Tokenizer.cpp
index 2d0e83d..b68a2cf 100644
--- a/libutils/Tokenizer.cpp
+++ b/libutils/Tokenizer.cpp
@@ -16,14 +16,10 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "Tokenizer"
 
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
+#include <utils/Tokenizer.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <utils/Log.h>
-#include <utils/Tokenizer.h>
 
 // Enables debug output for the tokenizer.
 #define DEBUG_TOKENIZER 0
diff --git a/libutils/Trace.cpp b/libutils/Trace.cpp
index 36fd802..8530fdc 100644
--- a/libutils/Trace.cpp
+++ b/libutils/Trace.cpp
@@ -14,12 +14,11 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <utils/misc.h>
 #include <utils/Trace.h>
+#include <utils/misc.h>
 
 static void traceInit() __attribute__((constructor));
 
-static void traceInit()
-{
+static void traceInit() {
     ::android::add_sysprop_change_callback(atrace_update_tags, 0);
 }
diff --git a/libutils/Unicode.cpp b/libutils/Unicode.cpp
index f1a41b9..5fd9155 100644
--- a/libutils/Unicode.cpp
+++ b/libutils/Unicode.cpp
@@ -16,11 +16,10 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "unicode"
 
+#include <utils/Unicode.h>
 #include <limits.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
 
 #include <log/log.h>
-#include <utils/Unicode.h>
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 # undef  nhtol
diff --git a/libutils/VectorImpl.cpp b/libutils/VectorImpl.cpp
index f7ca8f4..ef3277f 100644
--- a/libutils/VectorImpl.cpp
+++ b/libutils/VectorImpl.cpp
@@ -16,13 +16,13 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "Vector"
 
+#include <utils/VectorImpl.h>
+
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include <log/log.h>
-#include <utils/Errors.h>
-#include <utils/VectorImpl.h>
 
 #include <safe_iop.h>
 
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/BlobCache.h b/libutils/include/utils/BlobCache.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 65dca9f..0000000
--- a/libutils/include/utils/BlobCache.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,249 +0,0 @@
-/*
- ** Copyright 2011, The Android Open Source Project
- **
- ** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- ** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- ** You may obtain a copy of the License at
- **
- **     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- **
- ** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- ** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- ** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- ** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- ** limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef ANDROID_BLOB_CACHE_H
-#define ANDROID_BLOB_CACHE_H
-
-#include <stddef.h>
-
-#include <utils/Flattenable.h>
-#include <utils/RefBase.h>
-#include <utils/SortedVector.h>
-#include <utils/threads.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-// A BlobCache is an in-memory cache for binary key/value pairs.  A BlobCache
-// does NOT provide any thread-safety guarantees.
-//
-// The cache contents can be serialized to an in-memory buffer or mmap'd file
-// and then reloaded in a subsequent execution of the program.  This
-// serialization is non-portable and the data should only be used by the device
-// that generated it.
-class BlobCache : public RefBase {
-
-public:
-
-    // Create an empty blob cache. The blob cache will cache key/value pairs
-    // with key and value sizes less than or equal to maxKeySize and
-    // maxValueSize, respectively. The total combined size of ALL cache entries
-    // (key sizes plus value sizes) will not exceed maxTotalSize.
-    BlobCache(size_t maxKeySize, size_t maxValueSize, size_t maxTotalSize);
-
-    // set inserts a new binary value into the cache and associates it with the
-    // given binary key.  If the key or value are too large for the cache then
-    // the cache remains unchanged.  This includes the case where a different
-    // value was previously associated with the given key - the old value will
-    // remain in the cache.  If the given key and value are small enough to be
-    // put in the cache (based on the maxKeySize, maxValueSize, and maxTotalSize
-    // values specified to the BlobCache constructor), then the key/value pair
-    // will be in the cache after set returns.  Note, however, that a subsequent
-    // call to set may evict old key/value pairs from the cache.
-    //
-    // Preconditions:
-    //   key != NULL
-    //   0 < keySize
-    //   value != NULL
-    //   0 < valueSize
-    void set(const void* key, size_t keySize, const void* value,
-            size_t valueSize);
-
-    // get retrieves from the cache the binary value associated with a given
-    // binary key.  If the key is present in the cache then the length of the
-    // binary value associated with that key is returned.  If the value argument
-    // is non-NULL and the size of the cached value is less than valueSize bytes
-    // then the cached value is copied into the buffer pointed to by the value
-    // argument.  If the key is not present in the cache then 0 is returned and
-    // the buffer pointed to by the value argument is not modified.
-    //
-    // Note that when calling get multiple times with the same key, the later
-    // calls may fail, returning 0, even if earlier calls succeeded.  The return
-    // value must be checked for each call.
-    //
-    // Preconditions:
-    //   key != NULL
-    //   0 < keySize
-    //   0 <= valueSize
-    size_t get(const void* key, size_t keySize, void* value, size_t valueSize);
-
-
-    // getFlattenedSize returns the number of bytes needed to store the entire
-    // serialized cache.
-    size_t getFlattenedSize() const;
-
-    // flatten serializes the current contents of the cache into the memory
-    // pointed to by 'buffer'.  The serialized cache contents can later be
-    // loaded into a BlobCache object using the unflatten method.  The contents
-    // of the BlobCache object will not be modified.
-    //
-    // Preconditions:
-    //   size >= this.getFlattenedSize()
-    status_t flatten(void* buffer, size_t size) const;
-
-    // unflatten replaces the contents of the cache with the serialized cache
-    // contents in the memory pointed to by 'buffer'.  The previous contents of
-    // the BlobCache will be evicted from the cache.  If an error occurs while
-    // unflattening the serialized cache contents then the BlobCache will be
-    // left in an empty state.
-    //
-    status_t unflatten(void const* buffer, size_t size);
-
-private:
-    // Copying is disallowed.
-    BlobCache(const BlobCache&);
-    void operator=(const BlobCache&);
-
-    // A random function helper to get around MinGW not having nrand48()
-    long int blob_random();
-
-    // clean evicts a randomly chosen set of entries from the cache such that
-    // the total size of all remaining entries is less than mMaxTotalSize/2.
-    void clean();
-
-    // isCleanable returns true if the cache is full enough for the clean method
-    // to have some effect, and false otherwise.
-    bool isCleanable() const;
-
-    // A Blob is an immutable sized unstructured data blob.
-    class Blob : public RefBase {
-    public:
-        Blob(const void* data, size_t size, bool copyData);
-        ~Blob();
-
-        bool operator<(const Blob& rhs) const;
-
-        const void* getData() const;
-        size_t getSize() const;
-
-    private:
-        // Copying is not allowed.
-        Blob(const Blob&);
-        void operator=(const Blob&);
-
-        // mData points to the buffer containing the blob data.
-        const void* mData;
-
-        // mSize is the size of the blob data in bytes.
-        size_t mSize;
-
-        // mOwnsData indicates whether or not this Blob object should free the
-        // memory pointed to by mData when the Blob gets destructed.
-        bool mOwnsData;
-    };
-
-    // A CacheEntry is a single key/value pair in the cache.
-    class CacheEntry {
-    public:
-        CacheEntry();
-        CacheEntry(const sp<Blob>& key, const sp<Blob>& value);
-        CacheEntry(const CacheEntry& ce);
-
-        bool operator<(const CacheEntry& rhs) const;
-        const CacheEntry& operator=(const CacheEntry&);
-
-        sp<Blob> getKey() const;
-        sp<Blob> getValue() const;
-
-        void setValue(const sp<Blob>& value);
-
-    private:
-
-        // mKey is the key that identifies the cache entry.
-        sp<Blob> mKey;
-
-        // mValue is the cached data associated with the key.
-        sp<Blob> mValue;
-    };
-
-    // A Header is the header for the entire BlobCache serialization format. No
-    // need to make this portable, so we simply write the struct out.
-    struct Header {
-        // mMagicNumber is the magic number that identifies the data as
-        // serialized BlobCache contents.  It must always contain 'Blb$'.
-        uint32_t mMagicNumber;
-
-        // mBlobCacheVersion is the serialization format version.
-        uint32_t mBlobCacheVersion;
-
-        // mDeviceVersion is the device-specific version of the cache.  This can
-        // be used to invalidate the cache.
-        uint32_t mDeviceVersion;
-
-        // mNumEntries is number of cache entries following the header in the
-        // data.
-        size_t mNumEntries;
-
-        // mBuildId is the build id of the device when the cache was created.
-        // When an update to the build happens (via an OTA or other update) this
-        // is used to invalidate the cache.
-        int mBuildIdLength;
-        char mBuildId[];
-    };
-
-    // An EntryHeader is the header for a serialized cache entry.  No need to
-    // make this portable, so we simply write the struct out.  Each EntryHeader
-    // is followed imediately by the key data and then the value data.
-    //
-    // The beginning of each serialized EntryHeader is 4-byte aligned, so the
-    // number of bytes that a serialized cache entry will occupy is:
-    //
-    //   ((sizeof(EntryHeader) + keySize + valueSize) + 3) & ~3
-    //
-    struct EntryHeader {
-        // mKeySize is the size of the entry key in bytes.
-        size_t mKeySize;
-
-        // mValueSize is the size of the entry value in bytes.
-        size_t mValueSize;
-
-        // mData contains both the key and value data for the cache entry.  The
-        // key comes first followed immediately by the value.
-        uint8_t mData[];
-    };
-
-    // mMaxKeySize is the maximum key size that will be cached. Calls to
-    // BlobCache::set with a keySize parameter larger than mMaxKeySize will
-    // simply not add the key/value pair to the cache.
-    const size_t mMaxKeySize;
-
-    // mMaxValueSize is the maximum value size that will be cached. Calls to
-    // BlobCache::set with a valueSize parameter larger than mMaxValueSize will
-    // simply not add the key/value pair to the cache.
-    const size_t mMaxValueSize;
-
-    // mMaxTotalSize is the maximum size that all cache entries can occupy. This
-    // includes space for both keys and values. When a call to BlobCache::set
-    // would otherwise cause this limit to be exceeded, either the key/value
-    // pair passed to BlobCache::set will not be cached or other cache entries
-    // will be evicted from the cache to make room for the new entry.
-    const size_t mMaxTotalSize;
-
-    // mTotalSize is the total combined size of all keys and values currently in
-    // the cache.
-    size_t mTotalSize;
-
-    // mRandState is the pseudo-random number generator state. It is passed to
-    // nrand48 to generate random numbers when needed.
-    unsigned short mRandState[3];
-
-    // mCacheEntries stores all the cache entries that are resident in memory.
-    // Cache entries are added to it by the 'set' method.
-    SortedVector<CacheEntry> mCacheEntries;
-};
-
-}
-
-#endif // ANDROID_BLOB_CACHE_H
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/Flattenable.h b/libutils/include/utils/Flattenable.h
index 22b811a..070c710 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/Flattenable.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/Flattenable.h
@@ -189,11 +189,11 @@
     }
     inline status_t flatten(void* buffer, size_t size) const {
         if (size < sizeof(T)) return NO_MEMORY;
-        *reinterpret_cast<T*>(buffer) = *static_cast<T const*>(this);
+        memcpy(buffer, static_cast<T const*>(this), sizeof(T));
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
     inline status_t unflatten(void const* buffer, size_t) {
-        *static_cast<T*>(this) = *reinterpret_cast<T const*>(buffer);
+        memcpy(static_cast<T*>(this), buffer, sizeof(T));
         return NO_ERROR;
     }
 };
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/LightRefBase.h b/libutils/include/utils/LightRefBase.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65257ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/LightRefBase.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+/*
+ * See documentation in RefBase.h
+ */
+
+#include <atomic>
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+namespace android {
+
+class ReferenceRenamer;
+
+template <class T>
+class LightRefBase
+{
+public:
+    inline LightRefBase() : mCount(0) { }
+    inline void incStrong(__attribute__((unused)) const void* id) const {
+        mCount.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    }
+    inline void decStrong(__attribute__((unused)) const void* id) const {
+        if (mCount.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_release) == 1) {
+            std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_acquire);
+            delete static_cast<const T*>(this);
+        }
+    }
+    //! DEBUGGING ONLY: Get current strong ref count.
+    inline int32_t getStrongCount() const {
+        return mCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    }
+
+    typedef LightRefBase<T> basetype;
+
+protected:
+    inline ~LightRefBase() { }
+
+private:
+    friend class ReferenceMover;
+    inline static void renameRefs(size_t /*n*/, const ReferenceRenamer& /*renamer*/) { }
+    inline static void renameRefId(T* /*ref*/, const void* /*old_id*/ , const void* /*new_id*/) { }
+
+private:
+    mutable std::atomic<int32_t> mCount;
+};
+
+
+// This is a wrapper around LightRefBase that simply enforces a virtual
+// destructor to eliminate the template requirement of LightRefBase
+class VirtualLightRefBase : public LightRefBase<VirtualLightRefBase> {
+public:
+    virtual ~VirtualLightRefBase() = default;
+};
+
+}; // namespace android
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/LinearTransform.h b/libutils/include/utils/LinearTransform.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 04cb355..0000000
--- a/libutils/include/utils/LinearTransform.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef _LIBS_UTILS_LINEAR_TRANSFORM_H
-#define _LIBS_UTILS_LINEAR_TRANSFORM_H
-
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-// LinearTransform defines a structure which hold the definition of a
-// transformation from single dimensional coordinate system A into coordinate
-// system B (and back again).  Values in A and in B are 64 bit, the linear
-// scale factor is expressed as a rational number using two 32 bit values.
-//
-// Specifically, let
-// f(a) = b
-// F(b) = f^-1(b) = a
-// then
-//
-// f(a) = (((a - a_zero) * a_to_b_numer) / a_to_b_denom) + b_zero;
-//
-// and
-//
-// F(b) = (((b - b_zero) * a_to_b_denom) / a_to_b_numer) + a_zero;
-//
-struct LinearTransform {
-  int64_t  a_zero;
-  int64_t  b_zero;
-  int32_t  a_to_b_numer;
-  uint32_t a_to_b_denom;
-
-  // Transform from A->B
-  // Returns true on success, or false in the case of a singularity or an
-  // overflow.
-  bool doForwardTransform(int64_t a_in, int64_t* b_out) const;
-
-  // Transform from B->A
-  // Returns true on success, or false in the case of a singularity or an
-  // overflow.
-  bool doReverseTransform(int64_t b_in, int64_t* a_out) const;
-
-  // Helpers which will reduce the fraction N/D using Euclid's method.
-  template <class T> static void reduce(T* N, T* D);
-  static void reduce(int32_t* N, uint32_t* D);
-};
-
-
-}
-
-#endif  // _LIBS_UTILS_LINEAR_TRANSFORM_H
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/Log.h b/libutils/include/utils/Log.h
index 5276a49..42e03e7 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/Log.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/Log.h
@@ -1,72 +1,7 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2005 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
+// DO NOT INCLUDE ANYTHING NEW IN THIS FILE.
 
-//
-// C/C++ logging functions.  See the logging documentation for API details.
-//
-// We'd like these to be available from C code (in case we import some from
-// somewhere), so this has a C interface.
-//
-// The output will be correct when the log file is shared between multiple
-// threads and/or multiple processes so long as the operating system
-// supports O_APPEND.  These calls have mutex-protected data structures
-// and so are NOT reentrant.  Do not use LOG in a signal handler.
-//
-#ifndef _LIBS_UTILS_LOG_H
-#define _LIBS_UTILS_LOG_H
-
-#include <sys/types.h>
+// <log/log.h> has replaced this file and all changes should go there instead.
+// This path remains strictly to include that header as there are thousands of
+// references to <utils/Log.h> in the tree.
 
 #include <log/log.h>
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-
-namespace android {
-
-/*
- * A very simple utility that yells in the log when an operation takes too long.
- */
-class LogIfSlow {
-public:
-    LogIfSlow(const char* tag, android_LogPriority priority,
-            int timeoutMillis, const char* message);
-    ~LogIfSlow();
-
-private:
-    const char* const mTag;
-    const android_LogPriority mPriority;
-    const int mTimeoutMillis;
-    const char* const mMessage;
-    const int64_t mStart;
-};
-
-/*
- * Writes the specified debug log message if this block takes longer than the
- * specified number of milliseconds to run.  Includes the time actually taken.
- *
- * {
- *     ALOGD_IF_SLOW(50, "Excessive delay doing something.");
- *     doSomething();
- * }
- */
-#define ALOGD_IF_SLOW(timeoutMillis, message) \
-    android::LogIfSlow _logIfSlow(LOG_TAG, ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, timeoutMillis, message);
-
-} // namespace android
-
-#endif // __cplusplus
-
-#endif // _LIBS_UTILS_LOG_H
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/Mutex.h b/libutils/include/utils/Mutex.h
index d106185..af6076c 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/Mutex.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/Mutex.h
@@ -28,6 +28,53 @@
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 #include <utils/Timers.h>
 
+// Enable thread safety attributes only with clang.
+// The attributes can be safely erased when compiling with other compilers.
+#if defined(__clang__) && (!defined(SWIG))
+#define THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(x) __attribute__((x))
+#else
+#define THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(x)  // no-op
+#endif
+
+#define CAPABILITY(x) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(capability(x))
+
+#define SCOPED_CAPABILITY THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(scoped_lockable)
+
+#define GUARDED_BY(x) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(guarded_by(x))
+
+#define PT_GUARDED_BY(x) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(pt_guarded_by(x))
+
+#define ACQUIRED_BEFORE(...) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(acquired_before(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define ACQUIRED_AFTER(...) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(acquired_after(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define REQUIRES(...) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(requires_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define REQUIRES_SHARED(...) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(requires_shared_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define ACQUIRE(...) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(acquire_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define ACQUIRE_SHARED(...) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(acquire_shared_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define RELEASE(...) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(release_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define RELEASE_SHARED(...) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(release_shared_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define TRY_ACQUIRE(...) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(try_acquire_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define TRY_ACQUIRE_SHARED(...) \
+    THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(try_acquire_shared_capability(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define EXCLUDES(...) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(locks_excluded(__VA_ARGS__))
+
+#define ASSERT_CAPABILITY(x) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(assert_capability(x))
+
+#define ASSERT_SHARED_CAPABILITY(x) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(assert_shared_capability(x))
+
+#define RETURN_CAPABILITY(x) THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(lock_returned(x))
+
+#define NO_THREAD_SAFETY_ANALYSIS THREAD_ANNOTATION_ATTRIBUTE__(no_thread_safety_analysis)
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 namespace android {
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -44,24 +91,24 @@
  * The mutex must be unlocked by the thread that locked it.  They are not
  * recursive, i.e. the same thread can't lock it multiple times.
  */
-class Mutex {
-public:
+class CAPABILITY("mutex") Mutex {
+  public:
     enum {
         PRIVATE = 0,
         SHARED = 1
     };
 
-                Mutex();
-    explicit    Mutex(const char* name);
-    explicit    Mutex(int type, const char* name = NULL);
-                ~Mutex();
+    Mutex();
+    explicit Mutex(const char* name);
+    explicit Mutex(int type, const char* name = NULL);
+    ~Mutex();
 
     // lock or unlock the mutex
-    status_t    lock();
-    void        unlock();
+    status_t lock() ACQUIRE();
+    void unlock() RELEASE();
 
     // lock if possible; returns 0 on success, error otherwise
-    status_t    tryLock();
+    status_t tryLock() TRY_ACQUIRE(true);
 
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
     // Lock the mutex, but don't wait longer than timeoutNs (relative time).
@@ -75,32 +122,36 @@
     // which is subject to NTP adjustments, and includes time during suspend,
     // so a timeout may occur even though no processes could run.
     // Not holding a partial wakelock may lead to a system suspend.
-    status_t    timedLock(nsecs_t timeoutNs);
+    status_t timedLock(nsecs_t timeoutNs) TRY_ACQUIRE(true);
 #endif
 
     // Manages the mutex automatically. It'll be locked when Autolock is
     // constructed and released when Autolock goes out of scope.
-    class Autolock {
-    public:
-        inline explicit Autolock(Mutex& mutex) : mLock(mutex)  { mLock.lock(); }
-        inline explicit Autolock(Mutex* mutex) : mLock(*mutex) { mLock.lock(); }
-        inline ~Autolock() { mLock.unlock(); }
-    private:
+    class SCOPED_CAPABILITY Autolock {
+      public:
+        inline explicit Autolock(Mutex& mutex) ACQUIRE(mutex) : mLock(mutex) { mLock.lock(); }
+        inline explicit Autolock(Mutex* mutex) ACQUIRE(mutex) : mLock(*mutex) { mLock.lock(); }
+        inline ~Autolock() RELEASE() { mLock.unlock(); }
+
+      private:
         Mutex& mLock;
+        // Cannot be copied or moved - declarations only
+        Autolock(const Autolock&);
+        Autolock& operator=(const Autolock&);
     };
 
-private:
+  private:
     friend class Condition;
 
     // A mutex cannot be copied
-                Mutex(const Mutex&);
-    Mutex&      operator = (const Mutex&);
+    Mutex(const Mutex&);
+    Mutex& operator=(const Mutex&);
 
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
     pthread_mutex_t mMutex;
 #else
-    void    _init();
-    void*   mState;
+    void _init();
+    void* mState;
 #endif
 };
 
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/NativeHandle.h b/libutils/include/utils/NativeHandle.h
index b825168..73fe804 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/NativeHandle.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/NativeHandle.h
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-class NativeHandle: public LightRefBase<NativeHandle> {
+class NativeHandle : public LightRefBase<NativeHandle> {
 public:
     // Create a refcounted wrapper around a native_handle_t, and declare
     // whether the wrapper owns the handle (so that it should clean up the
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
     friend class LightRefBase<NativeHandle>;
 
     NativeHandle(native_handle_t* handle, bool ownsHandle);
-    virtual ~NativeHandle();
+    ~NativeHandle();
 
     native_handle_t* mHandle;
     bool mOwnsHandle;
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/RefBase.h b/libutils/include/utils/RefBase.h
index 36016cd..223b666 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/RefBase.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/RefBase.h
@@ -177,6 +177,9 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+// LightRefBase used to be declared in this header, so we have to include it
+#include <utils/LightRefBase.h>
+
 #include <utils/StrongPointer.h>
 #include <utils/TypeHelpers.h>
 
@@ -216,7 +219,7 @@
 
 class ReferenceRenamer {
 protected:
-    // destructor is purposedly not virtual so we avoid code overhead from
+    // destructor is purposely not virtual so we avoid code overhead from
     // subclasses; we have to make it protected to guarantee that it
     // cannot be called from this base class (and to make strict compilers
     // happy).
@@ -246,13 +249,13 @@
     {
     public:
         RefBase*            refBase() const;
-        
+
         void                incWeak(const void* id);
         void                decWeak(const void* id);
-        
+
         // acquires a strong reference if there is already one.
         bool                attemptIncStrong(const void* id);
-        
+
         // acquires a weak reference if there is already one.
         // This is not always safe. see ProcessState.cpp and BpBinder.cpp
         // for proper use.
@@ -268,12 +271,12 @@
         // enable -- enable/disable tracking
         // retain -- when tracking is enable, if true, then we save a stack trace
         //           for each reference and dereference; when retain == false, we
-        //           match up references and dereferences and keep only the 
+        //           match up references and dereferences and keep only the
         //           outstanding ones.
-        
+
         void                trackMe(bool enable, bool retain);
     };
-    
+
             weakref_type*   createWeak(const void* id) const;
             
             weakref_type*   getWeakRefs() const;
@@ -345,56 +348,12 @@
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-template <class T>
-class LightRefBase
-{
-public:
-    inline LightRefBase() : mCount(0) { }
-    inline void incStrong(__attribute__((unused)) const void* id) const {
-        mCount.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    }
-    inline void decStrong(__attribute__((unused)) const void* id) const {
-        if (mCount.fetch_sub(1, std::memory_order_release) == 1) {
-            std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_acquire);
-            delete static_cast<const T*>(this);
-        }
-    }
-    //! DEBUGGING ONLY: Get current strong ref count.
-    inline int32_t getStrongCount() const {
-        return mCount.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    }
-
-    typedef LightRefBase<T> basetype;
-
-protected:
-    inline ~LightRefBase() { }
-
-private:
-    friend class ReferenceMover;
-    inline static void renameRefs(size_t /*n*/,
-            const ReferenceRenamer& /*renamer*/) { }
-    inline static void renameRefId(T* /*ref*/,
-            const void* /*old_id*/ , const void* /*new_id*/) { }
-
-private:
-    mutable std::atomic<int32_t> mCount;
-};
-
-// This is a wrapper around LightRefBase that simply enforces a virtual
-// destructor to eliminate the template requirement of LightRefBase
-class VirtualLightRefBase : public LightRefBase<VirtualLightRefBase> {
-public:
-    virtual ~VirtualLightRefBase();
-};
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 template <typename T>
 class wp
 {
 public:
     typedef typename RefBase::weakref_type weakref_type;
-    
+
     inline wp() : m_ptr(0) { }
 
     wp(T* other);  // NOLINT(implicit)
@@ -405,31 +364,31 @@
     template<typename U> wp(const wp<U>& other);  // NOLINT(implicit)
 
     ~wp();
-    
+
     // Assignment
 
     wp& operator = (T* other);
     wp& operator = (const wp<T>& other);
     wp& operator = (const sp<T>& other);
-    
+
     template<typename U> wp& operator = (U* other);
     template<typename U> wp& operator = (const wp<U>& other);
     template<typename U> wp& operator = (const sp<U>& other);
-    
+
     void set_object_and_refs(T* other, weakref_type* refs);
 
     // promotion to sp
-    
+
     sp<T> promote() const;
 
     // Reset
-    
+
     void clear();
 
     // Accessors
-    
+
     inline  weakref_type* get_refs() const { return m_refs; }
-    
+
     inline  T* unsafe_get() const { return m_ptr; }
 
     // Operators
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/Singleton.h b/libutils/include/utils/Singleton.h
index a989a47..9afedd4 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/Singleton.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/Singleton.h
@@ -18,9 +18,12 @@
 #define ANDROID_UTILS_SINGLETON_H
 
 #include <stdint.h>
+
+// some vendor code assumes they have atoi() after including this file.
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <utils/Mutex.h>
-#include <utils/threads.h>
 #include <cutils/compiler.h>
 
 namespace android {
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@
 #define ANDROID_SINGLETON_STATIC_INSTANCE(TYPE)                 \
     template<> ::android::Mutex  \
         (::android::Singleton< TYPE >::sLock)(::android::Mutex::PRIVATE);  \
-    template<> TYPE* ::android::Singleton< TYPE >::sInstance(0);  \
+    template<> TYPE* ::android::Singleton< TYPE >::sInstance(0);  /* NOLINT */ \
     template class ::android::Singleton< TYPE >;
 
 
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/SortedVector.h b/libutils/include/utils/SortedVector.h
index 86f3496..5b2a232 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/SortedVector.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/SortedVector.h
@@ -37,18 +37,18 @@
 
 public:
             typedef TYPE    value_type;
-    
-    /*! 
+
+    /*!
      * Constructors and destructors
      */
-    
+
                             SortedVector();
                             SortedVector(const SortedVector<TYPE>& rhs);
     virtual                 ~SortedVector();
 
     /*! copy operator */
-    const SortedVector<TYPE>&   operator = (const SortedVector<TYPE>& rhs) const;    
-    SortedVector<TYPE>&         operator = (const SortedVector<TYPE>& rhs);    
+    const SortedVector<TYPE>&   operator = (const SortedVector<TYPE>& rhs) const;
+    SortedVector<TYPE>&         operator = (const SortedVector<TYPE>& rhs);
 
     /*
      * empty the vector
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 
     inline  void            clear()             { VectorImpl::clear(); }
 
-    /*! 
+    /*!
      * vector stats
      */
 
@@ -69,11 +69,11 @@
     //! sets the capacity. capacity can never be reduced less than size()
     inline  ssize_t         setCapacity(size_t size)    { return VectorImpl::setCapacity(size); }
 
-    /*! 
+    /*!
      * C-style array access
      */
-     
-    //! read-only C-style access 
+
+    //! read-only C-style access
     inline  const TYPE*     array() const;
 
     //! read-write C-style access. BE VERY CAREFUL when modifying the array
@@ -82,12 +82,12 @@
 
             //! finds the index of an item
             ssize_t         indexOf(const TYPE& item) const;
-            
+
             //! finds where this item should be inserted
             size_t          orderOf(const TYPE& item) const;
-            
-    
-    /*! 
+
+
+    /*!
      * accessors
      */
 
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
 
             //! add an item in the right place (and replace the one that is there)
             ssize_t         add(const TYPE& item);
-            
+
             //! editItemAt() MUST NOT change the order of this item
             TYPE&           editItemAt(size_t index) {
                 return *( static_cast<TYPE *>(VectorImpl::editItemLocation(index)) );
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
             //! merges a vector into this one
             ssize_t         merge(const Vector<TYPE>& vector);
             ssize_t         merge(const SortedVector<TYPE>& vector);
-            
+
             //! removes an item
             ssize_t         remove(const TYPE&);
 
@@ -121,7 +121,24 @@
     inline  ssize_t         removeItemsAt(size_t index, size_t count = 1);
     //! remove one item
     inline  ssize_t         removeAt(size_t index)  { return removeItemsAt(index); }
-            
+
+    /*
+     * these inlines add some level of compatibility with STL.
+     */
+    typedef TYPE* iterator;
+    typedef TYPE const* const_iterator;
+
+    inline iterator begin() { return editArray(); }
+    inline iterator end()   { return editArray() + size(); }
+    inline const_iterator begin() const { return array(); }
+    inline const_iterator end() const   { return array() + size(); }
+    inline void reserve(size_t n) { setCapacity(n); }
+    inline bool empty() const{ return isEmpty(); }
+    inline iterator erase(iterator pos) {
+        ssize_t index = removeItemsAt(pos-array());
+        return begin() + index;
+    }
+
 protected:
     virtual void    do_construct(void* storage, size_t num) const;
     virtual void    do_destroy(void* storage, size_t num) const;
@@ -159,13 +176,13 @@
 template<class TYPE> inline
 SortedVector<TYPE>& SortedVector<TYPE>::operator = (const SortedVector<TYPE>& rhs) {
     SortedVectorImpl::operator = (rhs);
-    return *this; 
+    return *this;
 }
 
 template<class TYPE> inline
 const SortedVector<TYPE>& SortedVector<TYPE>::operator = (const SortedVector<TYPE>& rhs) const {
     SortedVectorImpl::operator = (rhs);
-    return *this; 
+    return *this;
 }
 
 template<class TYPE> inline
@@ -235,7 +252,7 @@
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 template<class TYPE>
-void SortedVector<TYPE>::do_construct(void* storage, size_t num) const {
+UTILS_VECTOR_NO_CFI void SortedVector<TYPE>::do_construct(void* storage, size_t num) const {
     construct_type( reinterpret_cast<TYPE*>(storage), num );
 }
 
@@ -245,22 +262,22 @@
 }
 
 template<class TYPE>
-void SortedVector<TYPE>::do_copy(void* dest, const void* from, size_t num) const {
+UTILS_VECTOR_NO_CFI void SortedVector<TYPE>::do_copy(void* dest, const void* from, size_t num) const {
     copy_type( reinterpret_cast<TYPE*>(dest), reinterpret_cast<const TYPE*>(from), num );
 }
 
 template<class TYPE>
-void SortedVector<TYPE>::do_splat(void* dest, const void* item, size_t num) const {
+UTILS_VECTOR_NO_CFI void SortedVector<TYPE>::do_splat(void* dest, const void* item, size_t num) const {
     splat_type( reinterpret_cast<TYPE*>(dest), reinterpret_cast<const TYPE*>(item), num );
 }
 
 template<class TYPE>
-void SortedVector<TYPE>::do_move_forward(void* dest, const void* from, size_t num) const {
+UTILS_VECTOR_NO_CFI void SortedVector<TYPE>::do_move_forward(void* dest, const void* from, size_t num) const {
     move_forward_type( reinterpret_cast<TYPE*>(dest), reinterpret_cast<const TYPE*>(from), num );
 }
 
 template<class TYPE>
-void SortedVector<TYPE>::do_move_backward(void* dest, const void* from, size_t num) const {
+UTILS_VECTOR_NO_CFI void SortedVector<TYPE>::do_move_backward(void* dest, const void* from, size_t num) const {
     move_backward_type( reinterpret_cast<TYPE*>(dest), reinterpret_cast<const TYPE*>(from), num );
 }
 
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/String16.h b/libutils/include/utils/String16.h
index f6433a8..cb3d338 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/String16.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/String16.h
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@
 
     inline  const char16_t*     string() const;
 
-//TODO(b/35363681): remove
 private:
     static inline std::string   std_string(const String16& str);
 public:
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/String8.h b/libutils/include/utils/String8.h
index f5f9219..1f3e5d8 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/String8.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/String8.h
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@
     inline  const char*         c_str() const;
     inline  const char*         string() const;
 
-// TODO(b/35363681): remove
 private:
     static inline std::string   std_string(const String8& str);
 public:
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/StrongPointer.h b/libutils/include/utils/StrongPointer.h
index c2f7722..ae6d9c8 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/StrongPointer.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/StrongPointer.h
@@ -17,12 +17,6 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_STRONG_POINTER_H
 #define ANDROID_STRONG_POINTER_H
 
-#include <cutils/atomic.h>
-
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 namespace android {
 
@@ -88,9 +82,10 @@
 
     // Accessors
 
-    inline  T&      operator* () const  { return *m_ptr; }
-    inline  T*      operator-> () const { return m_ptr;  }
-    inline  T*      get() const         { return m_ptr; }
+    inline T&       operator* () const     { return *m_ptr; }
+    inline T*       operator-> () const    { return m_ptr;  }
+    inline T*       get() const            { return m_ptr; }
+    inline explicit operator bool () const { return m_ptr != nullptr; }
 
     // Operators
 
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/Trace.h b/libutils/include/utils/Trace.h
index eeba40d..5e9229c 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/Trace.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/Trace.h
@@ -19,16 +19,8 @@
 
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
 
-#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
 
-#include <cutils/compiler.h>
-#include <utils/threads.h>
 #include <cutils/trace.h>
 
 // See <cutils/trace.h> for more ATRACE_* macros.
@@ -37,6 +29,7 @@
 #define _PASTE(x, y) x ## y
 #define PASTE(x, y) _PASTE(x,y)
 #define ATRACE_NAME(name) android::ScopedTrace PASTE(___tracer, __LINE__) (ATRACE_TAG, name)
+
 // ATRACE_CALL is an ATRACE_NAME that uses the current function name.
 #define ATRACE_CALL() ATRACE_NAME(__FUNCTION__)
 
@@ -44,14 +37,13 @@
 
 class ScopedTrace {
 public:
-inline ScopedTrace(uint64_t tag, const char* name)
-    : mTag(tag) {
-    atrace_begin(mTag,name);
-}
+    inline ScopedTrace(uint64_t tag, const char* name) : mTag(tag) {
+        atrace_begin(mTag, name);
+    }
 
-inline ~ScopedTrace() {
-    atrace_end(mTag);
-}
+    inline ~ScopedTrace() {
+        atrace_end(mTag);
+    }
 
 private:
     uint64_t mTag;
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/TypeHelpers.h b/libutils/include/utils/TypeHelpers.h
index 2a25227..28fbca5 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/TypeHelpers.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/TypeHelpers.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 template <typename T> struct trait_trivial_dtor { enum { value = false }; };
 template <typename T> struct trait_trivial_copy { enum { value = false }; };
 template <typename T> struct trait_trivial_move { enum { value = false }; };
-template <typename T> struct trait_pointer      { enum { value = false }; };    
+template <typename T> struct trait_pointer      { enum { value = false }; };
 template <typename T> struct trait_pointer<T*>  { enum { value = true }; };
 
 template <typename TYPE>
@@ -59,13 +59,13 @@
 struct aggregate_traits {
     enum {
         is_pointer          = false,
-        has_trivial_ctor    = 
+        has_trivial_ctor    =
             traits<T>::has_trivial_ctor && traits<U>::has_trivial_ctor,
-        has_trivial_dtor    = 
+        has_trivial_dtor    =
             traits<T>::has_trivial_dtor && traits<U>::has_trivial_dtor,
-        has_trivial_copy    = 
+        has_trivial_copy    =
             traits<T>::has_trivial_copy && traits<U>::has_trivial_copy,
-        has_trivial_move    = 
+        has_trivial_move    =
             traits<T>::has_trivial_move && traits<U>::has_trivial_move
     };
 };
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/Vector.h b/libutils/include/utils/Vector.h
index 9a643f9..7e00123 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/Vector.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/Vector.h
@@ -24,6 +24,20 @@
 #include <utils/TypeHelpers.h>
 #include <utils/VectorImpl.h>
 
+/*
+ * Used to blacklist some functions from CFI.
+ *
+ */
+#ifndef __has_attribute
+#define __has_attribute(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#if __has_attribute(no_sanitize)
+#define UTILS_VECTOR_NO_CFI __attribute__((no_sanitize("cfi")))
+#else
+#define UTILS_VECTOR_NO_CFI
+#endif
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 namespace android {
@@ -42,11 +56,11 @@
 {
 public:
             typedef TYPE    value_type;
-    
-    /*! 
+
+    /*!
      * Constructors and destructors
      */
-    
+
                             Vector();
                             Vector(const Vector<TYPE>& rhs);
     explicit                Vector(const SortedVector<TYPE>& rhs);
@@ -54,7 +68,7 @@
 
     /*! copy operator */
             const Vector<TYPE>&     operator = (const Vector<TYPE>& rhs) const;
-            Vector<TYPE>&           operator = (const Vector<TYPE>& rhs);    
+            Vector<TYPE>&           operator = (const Vector<TYPE>& rhs);
 
             const Vector<TYPE>&     operator = (const SortedVector<TYPE>& rhs) const;
             Vector<TYPE>&           operator = (const SortedVector<TYPE>& rhs);
@@ -65,7 +79,7 @@
 
     inline  void            clear()             { VectorImpl::clear(); }
 
-    /*! 
+    /*!
      * vector stats
      */
 
@@ -87,13 +101,13 @@
     /*!
      * C-style array access
      */
-     
-    //! read-only C-style access 
+
+    //! read-only C-style access
     inline  const TYPE*     array() const;
     //! read-write C-style access
             TYPE*           editArray();
-    
-    /*! 
+
+    /*!
      * accessors
      */
 
@@ -113,10 +127,10 @@
     //! grants right access to the top of the stack (last element)
             TYPE&           editTop();
 
-            /*! 
+            /*!
              * append/insert another vector
              */
-            
+
     //! insert another vector at a given index
             ssize_t         insertVectorAt(const Vector<TYPE>& vector, size_t index);
 
@@ -130,10 +144,10 @@
     //! append an array at the end of this vector
             ssize_t         appendArray(const TYPE* array, size_t length);
 
-            /*! 
+            /*!
              * add/insert/replace items
              */
-             
+
     //! insert one or several items initialized with their default constructor
     inline  ssize_t         insertAt(size_t index, size_t numItems = 1);
     //! insert one or several items initialized from a prototype item
@@ -147,7 +161,7 @@
     //! same as push() but returns the index the item was added at (or an error)
     inline  ssize_t         add();
     //! same as push() but returns the index the item was added at (or an error)
-            ssize_t         add(const TYPE& item);            
+            ssize_t         add(const TYPE& item);
     //! replace an item with a new one initialized with its default constructor
     inline  ssize_t         replaceAt(size_t index);
     //! replace an item with a new one
@@ -165,10 +179,10 @@
     /*!
      * sort (stable) the array
      */
-     
+
      typedef int (*compar_t)(const TYPE* lhs, const TYPE* rhs);
      typedef int (*compar_r_t)(const TYPE* lhs, const TYPE* rhs, void* state);
-     
+
      inline status_t        sort(compar_t cmp);
      inline status_t        sort(compar_r_t cmp, void* state);
 
@@ -237,7 +251,7 @@
 template<class TYPE> inline
 Vector<TYPE>& Vector<TYPE>::operator = (const Vector<TYPE>& rhs) {
     VectorImpl::operator = (rhs);
-    return *this; 
+    return *this;
 }
 
 template<class TYPE> inline
@@ -255,7 +269,7 @@
 template<class TYPE> inline
 const Vector<TYPE>& Vector<TYPE>::operator = (const SortedVector<TYPE>& rhs) const {
     VectorImpl::operator = (rhs);
-    return *this; 
+    return *this;
 }
 
 template<class TYPE> inline
@@ -380,7 +394,7 @@
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 template<class TYPE>
-void Vector<TYPE>::do_construct(void* storage, size_t num) const {
+UTILS_VECTOR_NO_CFI void Vector<TYPE>::do_construct(void* storage, size_t num) const {
     construct_type( reinterpret_cast<TYPE*>(storage), num );
 }
 
@@ -390,22 +404,22 @@
 }
 
 template<class TYPE>
-void Vector<TYPE>::do_copy(void* dest, const void* from, size_t num) const {
+UTILS_VECTOR_NO_CFI void Vector<TYPE>::do_copy(void* dest, const void* from, size_t num) const {
     copy_type( reinterpret_cast<TYPE*>(dest), reinterpret_cast<const TYPE*>(from), num );
 }
 
 template<class TYPE>
-void Vector<TYPE>::do_splat(void* dest, const void* item, size_t num) const {
+UTILS_VECTOR_NO_CFI void Vector<TYPE>::do_splat(void* dest, const void* item, size_t num) const {
     splat_type( reinterpret_cast<TYPE*>(dest), reinterpret_cast<const TYPE*>(item), num );
 }
 
 template<class TYPE>
-void Vector<TYPE>::do_move_forward(void* dest, const void* from, size_t num) const {
+UTILS_VECTOR_NO_CFI void Vector<TYPE>::do_move_forward(void* dest, const void* from, size_t num) const {
     move_forward_type( reinterpret_cast<TYPE*>(dest), reinterpret_cast<const TYPE*>(from), num );
 }
 
 template<class TYPE>
-void Vector<TYPE>::do_move_backward(void* dest, const void* from, size_t num) const {
+UTILS_VECTOR_NO_CFI void Vector<TYPE>::do_move_backward(void* dest, const void* from, size_t num) const {
     move_backward_type( reinterpret_cast<TYPE*>(dest), reinterpret_cast<const TYPE*>(from), num );
 }
 
diff --git a/libutils/misc.cpp b/libutils/misc.cpp
index 216dc14..d95fd05 100644
--- a/libutils/misc.cpp
+++ b/libutils/misc.cpp
@@ -16,21 +16,19 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "misc"
 
-//
-// Miscellaneous utility functions.
-//
 #include <utils/misc.h>
+
+#include <pthread.h>
+
 #include <utils/Log.h>
+#include <utils/Vector.h>
 
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-#if !defined(_WIN32)
-# include <pthread.h>
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <vndksupport/linker.h>
 #endif
 
-#include <utils/Vector.h>
+extern "C" void do_report_sysprop_change();
 
 using namespace android;
 
@@ -70,7 +68,36 @@
 #endif
 }
 
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+void (*get_report_sysprop_change_func())() {
+    void (*func)() = nullptr;
+    void* handle = android_load_sphal_library("libutils.so", RTLD_NOW);
+    if (handle != nullptr) {
+        func = reinterpret_cast<decltype(func)>(dlsym(handle, "do_report_sysprop_change"));
+    }
+
+    return func;
+}
+#endif
+
 void report_sysprop_change() {
+    do_report_sysprop_change();
+
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+    // libutils.so is double loaded; from the default namespace and from the
+    // 'sphal' namespace. Redirect the sysprop change event to the other instance
+    // of libutils.so loaded in the 'sphal' namespace so that listeners attached
+    // to that instance is also notified with this event.
+    static auto func = get_report_sysprop_change_func();
+    if (func != nullptr) {
+        (*func)();
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+};  // namespace android
+
+void do_report_sysprop_change() {
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
     pthread_mutex_lock(&gSyspropMutex);
     Vector<sysprop_change_callback_info> listeners;
@@ -85,5 +112,3 @@
     }
 #endif
 }
-
-}; // namespace android
diff --git a/libutils/tests/Android.bp b/libutils/tests/Android.bp
index ea606a1..0869175 100644
--- a/libutils/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libutils/tests/Android.bp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
     srcs: [
         "BitSet_test.cpp",
         "LruCache_test.cpp",
+        "Mutex_test.cpp",
         "Singleton_test.cpp",
         "String8_test.cpp",
         "StrongPointer_test.cpp",
@@ -33,7 +34,6 @@
     target: {
         android: {
             srcs: [
-                "BlobCache_test.cpp",
                 "Looper_test.cpp",
                 "RefBase_test.cpp",
                 "SystemClock_test.cpp",
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
         "-Wall",
         "-Wextra",
         "-Werror",
+        "-Wthread-safety",
     ],
 }
 
diff --git a/libutils/tests/BlobCache_test.cpp b/libutils/tests/BlobCache_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 1e2ff98..0000000
--- a/libutils/tests/BlobCache_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,425 +0,0 @@
-/*
- ** Copyright 2011, The Android Open Source Project
- **
- ** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- ** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- ** You may obtain a copy of the License at
- **
- **     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- **
- ** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- ** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- ** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- ** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- ** limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
-#include <utils/BlobCache.h>
-#include <utils/Errors.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-class BlobCacheTest : public ::testing::Test {
-protected:
-    enum {
-        MAX_KEY_SIZE = 6,
-        MAX_VALUE_SIZE = 8,
-        MAX_TOTAL_SIZE = 13,
-    };
-
-    virtual void SetUp() {
-        mBC = new BlobCache(MAX_KEY_SIZE, MAX_VALUE_SIZE, MAX_TOTAL_SIZE);
-    }
-
-    virtual void TearDown() {
-        mBC.clear();
-    }
-
-    sp<BlobCache> mBC;
-};
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheTest, CacheSingleValueSucceeds) {
-    unsigned char buf[4] = { 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee };
-    mBC->set("abcd", 4, "efgh", 4);
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(4), mBC->get("abcd", 4, buf, 4));
-    ASSERT_EQ('e', buf[0]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('f', buf[1]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('g', buf[2]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('h', buf[3]);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheTest, CacheTwoValuesSucceeds) {
-    unsigned char buf[2] = { 0xee, 0xee };
-    mBC->set("ab", 2, "cd", 2);
-    mBC->set("ef", 2, "gh", 2);
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(2), mBC->get("ab", 2, buf, 2));
-    ASSERT_EQ('c', buf[0]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('d', buf[1]);
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(2), mBC->get("ef", 2, buf, 2));
-    ASSERT_EQ('g', buf[0]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('h', buf[1]);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheTest, GetOnlyWritesInsideBounds) {
-    unsigned char buf[6] = { 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee };
-    mBC->set("abcd", 4, "efgh", 4);
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(4), mBC->get("abcd", 4, buf+1, 4));
-    ASSERT_EQ(0xee, buf[0]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('e', buf[1]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('f', buf[2]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('g', buf[3]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('h', buf[4]);
-    ASSERT_EQ(0xee, buf[5]);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheTest, GetOnlyWritesIfBufferIsLargeEnough) {
-    unsigned char buf[3] = { 0xee, 0xee, 0xee };
-    mBC->set("abcd", 4, "efgh", 4);
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(4), mBC->get("abcd", 4, buf, 3));
-    ASSERT_EQ(0xee, buf[0]);
-    ASSERT_EQ(0xee, buf[1]);
-    ASSERT_EQ(0xee, buf[2]);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheTest, GetDoesntAccessNullBuffer) {
-    mBC->set("abcd", 4, "efgh", 4);
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(4), mBC->get("abcd", 4, NULL, 0));
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheTest, MultipleSetsCacheLatestValue) {
-    unsigned char buf[4] = { 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee };
-    mBC->set("abcd", 4, "efgh", 4);
-    mBC->set("abcd", 4, "ijkl", 4);
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(4), mBC->get("abcd", 4, buf, 4));
-    ASSERT_EQ('i', buf[0]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('j', buf[1]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('k', buf[2]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('l', buf[3]);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheTest, SecondSetKeepsFirstValueIfTooLarge) {
-    unsigned char buf[MAX_VALUE_SIZE+1] = { 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee };
-    mBC->set("abcd", 4, "efgh", 4);
-    mBC->set("abcd", 4, buf, MAX_VALUE_SIZE+1);
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(4), mBC->get("abcd", 4, buf, 4));
-    ASSERT_EQ('e', buf[0]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('f', buf[1]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('g', buf[2]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('h', buf[3]);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheTest, DoesntCacheIfKeyIsTooBig) {
-    char key[MAX_KEY_SIZE+1];
-    unsigned char buf[4] = { 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee };
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_KEY_SIZE+1; i++) {
-        key[i] = 'a';
-    }
-    mBC->set(key, MAX_KEY_SIZE+1, "bbbb", 4);
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(0), mBC->get(key, MAX_KEY_SIZE+1, buf, 4));
-    ASSERT_EQ(0xee, buf[0]);
-    ASSERT_EQ(0xee, buf[1]);
-    ASSERT_EQ(0xee, buf[2]);
-    ASSERT_EQ(0xee, buf[3]);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheTest, DoesntCacheIfValueIsTooBig) {
-    char buf[MAX_VALUE_SIZE+1];
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VALUE_SIZE+1; i++) {
-        buf[i] = 'b';
-    }
-    mBC->set("abcd", 4, buf, MAX_VALUE_SIZE+1);
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VALUE_SIZE+1; i++) {
-        buf[i] = 0xee;
-    }
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(0), mBC->get("abcd", 4, buf, MAX_VALUE_SIZE+1));
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VALUE_SIZE+1; i++) {
-        SCOPED_TRACE(i);
-        ASSERT_EQ(0xee, buf[i]);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheTest, DoesntCacheIfKeyValuePairIsTooBig) {
-    // Check a testing assumptions
-    ASSERT_TRUE(MAX_TOTAL_SIZE < MAX_KEY_SIZE + MAX_VALUE_SIZE);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(MAX_KEY_SIZE < MAX_TOTAL_SIZE);
-
-    enum { bufSize = MAX_TOTAL_SIZE - MAX_KEY_SIZE + 1 };
-
-    char key[MAX_KEY_SIZE];
-    char buf[bufSize];
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_KEY_SIZE; i++) {
-        key[i] = 'a';
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < bufSize; i++) {
-        buf[i] = 'b';
-    }
-
-    mBC->set(key, MAX_KEY_SIZE, buf, MAX_VALUE_SIZE);
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(0), mBC->get(key, MAX_KEY_SIZE, NULL, 0));
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheTest, CacheMaxKeySizeSucceeds) {
-    char key[MAX_KEY_SIZE];
-    unsigned char buf[4] = { 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee };
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_KEY_SIZE; i++) {
-        key[i] = 'a';
-    }
-    mBC->set(key, MAX_KEY_SIZE, "wxyz", 4);
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(4), mBC->get(key, MAX_KEY_SIZE, buf, 4));
-    ASSERT_EQ('w', buf[0]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('x', buf[1]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('y', buf[2]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('z', buf[3]);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheTest, CacheMaxValueSizeSucceeds) {
-    char buf[MAX_VALUE_SIZE];
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VALUE_SIZE; i++) {
-        buf[i] = 'b';
-    }
-    mBC->set("abcd", 4, buf, MAX_VALUE_SIZE);
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VALUE_SIZE; i++) {
-        buf[i] = 0xee;
-    }
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(MAX_VALUE_SIZE), mBC->get("abcd", 4, buf,
-            MAX_VALUE_SIZE));
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_VALUE_SIZE; i++) {
-        SCOPED_TRACE(i);
-        ASSERT_EQ('b', buf[i]);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheTest, CacheMaxKeyValuePairSizeSucceeds) {
-    // Check a testing assumption
-    ASSERT_TRUE(MAX_KEY_SIZE < MAX_TOTAL_SIZE);
-
-    enum { bufSize = MAX_TOTAL_SIZE - MAX_KEY_SIZE };
-
-    char key[MAX_KEY_SIZE];
-    char buf[bufSize];
-    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_KEY_SIZE; i++) {
-        key[i] = 'a';
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < bufSize; i++) {
-        buf[i] = 'b';
-    }
-
-    mBC->set(key, MAX_KEY_SIZE, buf, bufSize);
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(bufSize), mBC->get(key, MAX_KEY_SIZE, NULL, 0));
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheTest, CacheMinKeyAndValueSizeSucceeds) {
-    unsigned char buf[1] = { 0xee };
-    mBC->set("x", 1, "y", 1);
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(1), mBC->get("x", 1, buf, 1));
-    ASSERT_EQ('y', buf[0]);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheTest, CacheSizeDoesntExceedTotalLimit) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
-        uint8_t k = i;
-        mBC->set(&k, 1, "x", 1);
-    }
-    int numCached = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
-        uint8_t k = i;
-        if (mBC->get(&k, 1, NULL, 0) == 1) {
-            numCached++;
-        }
-    }
-    ASSERT_GE(MAX_TOTAL_SIZE / 2, numCached);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheTest, ExceedingTotalLimitHalvesCacheSize) {
-    // Fill up the entire cache with 1 char key/value pairs.
-    const int maxEntries = MAX_TOTAL_SIZE / 2;
-    for (int i = 0; i < maxEntries; i++) {
-        uint8_t k = i;
-        mBC->set(&k, 1, "x", 1);
-    }
-    // Insert one more entry, causing a cache overflow.
-    {
-        uint8_t k = maxEntries;
-        mBC->set(&k, 1, "x", 1);
-    }
-    // Count the number of entries in the cache.
-    int numCached = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < maxEntries+1; i++) {
-        uint8_t k = i;
-        if (mBC->get(&k, 1, NULL, 0) == 1) {
-            numCached++;
-        }
-    }
-    ASSERT_EQ(maxEntries/2 + 1, numCached);
-}
-
-class BlobCacheFlattenTest : public BlobCacheTest {
-protected:
-    virtual void SetUp() {
-        BlobCacheTest::SetUp();
-        mBC2 = new BlobCache(MAX_KEY_SIZE, MAX_VALUE_SIZE, MAX_TOTAL_SIZE);
-    }
-
-    virtual void TearDown() {
-        mBC2.clear();
-        BlobCacheTest::TearDown();
-    }
-
-    void roundTrip() {
-        size_t size = mBC->getFlattenedSize();
-        uint8_t* flat = new uint8_t[size];
-        ASSERT_EQ(OK, mBC->flatten(flat, size));
-        ASSERT_EQ(OK, mBC2->unflatten(flat, size));
-        delete[] flat;
-    }
-
-    sp<BlobCache> mBC2;
-};
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheFlattenTest, FlattenOneValue) {
-    unsigned char buf[4] = { 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee };
-    mBC->set("abcd", 4, "efgh", 4);
-    roundTrip();
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(4), mBC2->get("abcd", 4, buf, 4));
-    ASSERT_EQ('e', buf[0]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('f', buf[1]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('g', buf[2]);
-    ASSERT_EQ('h', buf[3]);
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheFlattenTest, FlattenFullCache) {
-    // Fill up the entire cache with 1 char key/value pairs.
-    const int maxEntries = MAX_TOTAL_SIZE / 2;
-    for (int i = 0; i < maxEntries; i++) {
-        uint8_t k = i;
-        mBC->set(&k, 1, &k, 1);
-    }
-
-    roundTrip();
-
-    // Verify the deserialized cache
-    for (int i = 0; i < maxEntries; i++) {
-        uint8_t k = i;
-        uint8_t v = 0xee;
-        ASSERT_EQ(size_t(1), mBC2->get(&k, 1, &v, 1));
-        ASSERT_EQ(k, v);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheFlattenTest, FlattenDoesntChangeCache) {
-    // Fill up the entire cache with 1 char key/value pairs.
-    const int maxEntries = MAX_TOTAL_SIZE / 2;
-    for (int i = 0; i < maxEntries; i++) {
-        uint8_t k = i;
-        mBC->set(&k, 1, &k, 1);
-    }
-
-    size_t size = mBC->getFlattenedSize();
-    uint8_t* flat = new uint8_t[size];
-    ASSERT_EQ(OK, mBC->flatten(flat, size));
-    delete[] flat;
-
-    // Verify the cache that we just serialized
-    for (int i = 0; i < maxEntries; i++) {
-        uint8_t k = i;
-        uint8_t v = 0xee;
-        ASSERT_EQ(size_t(1), mBC->get(&k, 1, &v, 1));
-        ASSERT_EQ(k, v);
-    }
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheFlattenTest, FlattenCatchesBufferTooSmall) {
-    // Fill up the entire cache with 1 char key/value pairs.
-    const int maxEntries = MAX_TOTAL_SIZE / 2;
-    for (int i = 0; i < maxEntries; i++) {
-        uint8_t k = i;
-        mBC->set(&k, 1, &k, 1);
-    }
-
-    size_t size = mBC->getFlattenedSize() - 1;
-    uint8_t* flat = new uint8_t[size];
-    // ASSERT_EQ(BAD_VALUE, mBC->flatten(flat, size));
-    // TODO: The above fails. I expect this is so because getFlattenedSize()
-    // overstimates the size by using PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX.
-    delete[] flat;
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheFlattenTest, UnflattenCatchesBadMagic) {
-    unsigned char buf[4] = { 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee };
-    mBC->set("abcd", 4, "efgh", 4);
-
-    size_t size = mBC->getFlattenedSize();
-    uint8_t* flat = new uint8_t[size];
-    ASSERT_EQ(OK, mBC->flatten(flat, size));
-    flat[1] = ~flat[1];
-
-    // Bad magic should cause an error.
-    ASSERT_EQ(BAD_VALUE, mBC2->unflatten(flat, size));
-    delete[] flat;
-
-    // The error should cause the unflatten to result in an empty cache
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(0), mBC2->get("abcd", 4, buf, 4));
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheFlattenTest, UnflattenCatchesBadBlobCacheVersion) {
-    unsigned char buf[4] = { 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee };
-    mBC->set("abcd", 4, "efgh", 4);
-
-    size_t size = mBC->getFlattenedSize();
-    uint8_t* flat = new uint8_t[size];
-    ASSERT_EQ(OK, mBC->flatten(flat, size));
-    flat[5] = ~flat[5];
-
-    // Version mismatches shouldn't cause errors, but should not use the
-    // serialized entries
-    ASSERT_EQ(OK, mBC2->unflatten(flat, size));
-    delete[] flat;
-
-    // The version mismatch should cause the unflatten to result in an empty
-    // cache
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(0), mBC2->get("abcd", 4, buf, 4));
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheFlattenTest, UnflattenCatchesBadBlobCacheDeviceVersion) {
-    unsigned char buf[4] = { 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee };
-    mBC->set("abcd", 4, "efgh", 4);
-
-    size_t size = mBC->getFlattenedSize();
-    uint8_t* flat = new uint8_t[size];
-    ASSERT_EQ(OK, mBC->flatten(flat, size));
-    flat[10] = ~flat[10];
-
-    // Version mismatches shouldn't cause errors, but should not use the
-    // serialized entries
-    ASSERT_EQ(OK, mBC2->unflatten(flat, size));
-    delete[] flat;
-
-    // The version mismatch should cause the unflatten to result in an empty
-    // cache
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(0), mBC2->get("abcd", 4, buf, 4));
-}
-
-TEST_F(BlobCacheFlattenTest, UnflattenCatchesBufferTooSmall) {
-    unsigned char buf[4] = { 0xee, 0xee, 0xee, 0xee };
-    mBC->set("abcd", 4, "efgh", 4);
-
-    size_t size = mBC->getFlattenedSize();
-    uint8_t* flat = new uint8_t[size];
-    ASSERT_EQ(OK, mBC->flatten(flat, size));
-
-    // A buffer truncation shouldt cause an error
-    // ASSERT_EQ(BAD_VALUE, mBC2->unflatten(flat, size-1));
-    // TODO: The above appears to fail because getFlattenedSize() is
-    // conservative.
-    delete[] flat;
-
-    // The error should cause the unflatten to result in an empty cache
-    ASSERT_EQ(size_t(0), mBC2->get("abcd", 4, buf, 4));
-}
-
-} // namespace android
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Log.h b/libutils/tests/Mutex_test.cpp
similarity index 68%
copy from libunwindstack/Log.h
copy to libutils/tests/Mutex_test.cpp
index 2d01aa8..8a1805f 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Log.h
+++ b/libutils/tests/Mutex_test.cpp
@@ -14,12 +14,19 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_LOG_H
-#define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_LOG_H
+#include <utils/Mutex.h>
 
-#include <stdint.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-void log_to_stdout(bool enable);
-void log(uint8_t indent, const char* format, ...);
+static android::Mutex mLock;
+static int i GUARDED_BY(mLock);
 
-#endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_LOG_H
+void modifyLockedVariable() REQUIRES(mLock) {
+    i = 1;
+}
+
+TEST(Mutex, compile) {
+    android::Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock);
+    i = 0;
+    modifyLockedVariable();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libvndksupport/Android.bp b/libvndksupport/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b624223
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libvndksupport/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+subdirs = ["tests"]
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libvndksupport",
+    srcs: ["linker.c"],
+    local_include_dirs: ["include/vndksupport"],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    shared_libs: ["liblog"],
+}
+
+llndk_library {
+    name: "libvndksupport",
+    symbol_file: "libvndksupport.map.txt",
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+}
diff --git a/init/signal_handler.h b/libvndksupport/include/vndksupport/linker.h
similarity index 64%
copy from init/signal_handler.h
copy to libvndksupport/include/vndksupport/linker.h
index f7881ab..f509564 100644
--- a/init/signal_handler.h
+++ b/libvndksupport/include/vndksupport/linker.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -13,16 +13,19 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+#ifndef VNDKSUPPORT_LINKER_H_
+#define VNDKSUPPORT_LINKER_H_
 
-#ifndef _INIT_SIGNAL_HANDLER_H_
-#define _INIT_SIGNAL_HANDLER_H_
-
-namespace android {
-namespace init {
-
-void signal_handler_init(void);
-
-}  // namespace init
-}  // namespace android
-
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
 #endif
+
+void* android_load_sphal_library(const char* name, int flag);
+
+int android_unload_sphal_library(void* handle);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif  // VNDKSUPPORT_LINKER_H_
diff --git a/libvndksupport/libvndksupport.map.txt b/libvndksupport/libvndksupport.map.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16e38da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libvndksupport/libvndksupport.map.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+LIBVNDKSUPPORT {
+  global:
+    android_load_sphal_library; # vndk
+    android_unload_sphal_library; # vndk
+  local:
+    *;
+};
diff --git a/libvndksupport/linker.c b/libvndksupport/linker.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..289f153
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libvndksupport/linker.c
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include "linker.h"
+
+#include <android/dlext.h>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+#define LOG_TAG "vndksupport"
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+extern struct android_namespace_t* android_get_exported_namespace(const char*);
+
+void* android_load_sphal_library(const char* name, int flag) {
+    struct android_namespace_t* sphal_namespace = android_get_exported_namespace("sphal");
+    if (sphal_namespace != NULL) {
+        const android_dlextinfo dlextinfo = {
+            .flags = ANDROID_DLEXT_USE_NAMESPACE, .library_namespace = sphal_namespace,
+        };
+        void* handle = android_dlopen_ext(name, flag, &dlextinfo);
+        if (!handle) {
+            ALOGE("Could not load %s from sphal namespace: %s.", name, dlerror());
+        }
+        return handle;
+    } else {
+        ALOGI(
+            "sphal namespace is not configured for this process. "
+            "Loading %s from the current namespace instead.",
+            name);
+        return dlopen(name, flag);
+    }
+}
+
+int android_unload_sphal_library(void* handle) { return dlclose(handle); }
diff --git a/libvndksupport/tests/Android.bp b/libvndksupport/tests/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3587cf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libvndksupport/tests/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "libvndksupport-tests",
+    srcs: [
+        "linker_test.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    host_supported: false,
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libvndksupport",
+        "libbase",
+    ]
+}
diff --git a/libvndksupport/tests/linker_test.cpp b/libvndksupport/tests/linker_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ce27d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libvndksupport/tests/linker_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <vndksupport/linker.h>
+#include <string>
+
+// Since the test executable will be in /data and ld.config.txt does not
+// configure sphal namespace for executables in /data, the call to
+// android_load_sphal_library will always fallback to the plain dlopen from the
+// default namespace.
+
+// Let's use libEGL_<chipset>.so as a SP-HAL in test
+static std::string find_sphal_lib() {
+    const char* path =
+#if defined(__LP64__)
+        "/vendor/lib64/egl";
+#else
+        "/vendor/lib/egl";
+#endif
+    std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> dir(opendir(path), closedir);
+
+    dirent* dp;
+    while ((dp = readdir(dir.get())) != nullptr) {
+        std::string name = dp->d_name;
+        if (android::base::StartsWith(name, "libEGL_")) {
+            return std::string(path) + "/" + name;
+        }
+    }
+    return "";
+}
+
+TEST(linker, load_existing_lib) {
+    std::string name = find_sphal_lib();
+    ASSERT_NE("", name);
+    void* handle = android_load_sphal_library(name.c_str(), RTLD_NOW | RTLD_LOCAL);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, handle);
+    android_unload_sphal_library(handle);
+}
+
+TEST(linker, load_nonexisting_lib) {
+    void* handle = android_load_sphal_library("libNeverUseThisName.so", RTLD_NOW | RTLD_LOCAL);
+    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, handle);
+}
diff --git a/libziparchive/Android.bp b/libziparchive/Android.bp
index 1084d59..f395c74 100644
--- a/libziparchive/Android.bp
+++ b/libziparchive/Android.bp
@@ -50,12 +50,17 @@
         "libbase",
         "liblog",
     ],
+
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }
 
 cc_library {
     name: "libziparchive",
     host_supported: true,
     vendor_available: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+    },
 
     defaults: [
         "libziparchive_defaults",
diff --git a/libziparchive/entry_name_utils-inl.h b/libziparchive/entry_name_utils-inl.h
index ddbc286..5fc2fb4 100644
--- a/libziparchive/entry_name_utils-inl.h
+++ b/libziparchive/entry_name_utils-inl.h
@@ -55,5 +55,4 @@
   return true;
 }
 
-
 #endif  // LIBZIPARCHIVE_ENTRY_NAME_UTILS_INL_H_
diff --git a/libziparchive/entry_name_utils_test.cc b/libziparchive/entry_name_utils_test.cc
index 20715bb..d83d854 100644
--- a/libziparchive/entry_name_utils_test.cc
+++ b/libziparchive/entry_name_utils_test.cc
@@ -20,44 +20,43 @@
 
 TEST(entry_name_utils, NullChars) {
   // 'A', 'R', '\0', 'S', 'E'
-  const uint8_t zeroes[] = { 0x41, 0x52, 0x00, 0x53, 0x45 };
+  const uint8_t zeroes[] = {0x41, 0x52, 0x00, 0x53, 0x45};
   ASSERT_FALSE(IsValidEntryName(zeroes, sizeof(zeroes)));
 
-  const uint8_t zeroes_continuation_chars[] = { 0xc2, 0xa1, 0xc2, 0x00 };
-  ASSERT_FALSE(IsValidEntryName(zeroes_continuation_chars,
-                                sizeof(zeroes_continuation_chars)));
+  const uint8_t zeroes_continuation_chars[] = {0xc2, 0xa1, 0xc2, 0x00};
+  ASSERT_FALSE(IsValidEntryName(zeroes_continuation_chars, sizeof(zeroes_continuation_chars)));
 }
 
 TEST(entry_name_utils, InvalidSequence) {
   // 0xfe is an invalid start byte
-  const uint8_t invalid[] = { 0x41, 0xfe };
+  const uint8_t invalid[] = {0x41, 0xfe};
   ASSERT_FALSE(IsValidEntryName(invalid, sizeof(invalid)));
 
   // 0x91 is an invalid start byte (it's a valid continuation byte).
-  const uint8_t invalid2[] = { 0x41, 0x91 };
+  const uint8_t invalid2[] = {0x41, 0x91};
   ASSERT_FALSE(IsValidEntryName(invalid2, sizeof(invalid2)));
 }
 
 TEST(entry_name_utils, TruncatedContinuation) {
   // Malayalam script with truncated bytes. There should be 2 bytes
   // after 0xe0
-  const uint8_t truncated[] = { 0xe0, 0xb4, 0x85, 0xe0, 0xb4 };
+  const uint8_t truncated[] = {0xe0, 0xb4, 0x85, 0xe0, 0xb4};
   ASSERT_FALSE(IsValidEntryName(truncated, sizeof(truncated)));
 
   // 0xc2 is the start of a 2 byte sequence that we've subsequently
   // dropped.
-  const uint8_t truncated2[] = { 0xc2, 0xc2, 0xa1 };
+  const uint8_t truncated2[] = {0xc2, 0xc2, 0xa1};
   ASSERT_FALSE(IsValidEntryName(truncated2, sizeof(truncated2)));
 }
 
 TEST(entry_name_utils, BadContinuation) {
   // 0x41 is an invalid continuation char, since it's MSBs
   // aren't "10..." (are 01).
-  const uint8_t bad[] = { 0xc2, 0xa1, 0xc2, 0x41 };
+  const uint8_t bad[] = {0xc2, 0xa1, 0xc2, 0x41};
   ASSERT_FALSE(IsValidEntryName(bad, sizeof(bad)));
 
   // 0x41 is an invalid continuation char, since it's MSBs
   // aren't "10..." (are 11).
-  const uint8_t bad2[] = { 0xc2, 0xa1, 0xc2, 0xfe };
+  const uint8_t bad2[] = {0xc2, 0xa1, 0xc2, 0xfe};
   ASSERT_FALSE(IsValidEntryName(bad2, sizeof(bad2)));
 }
diff --git a/include/ziparchive/zip_archive.h b/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive.h
similarity index 90%
rename from include/ziparchive/zip_archive.h
rename to libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive.h
index ece8693..73ae68d 100644
--- a/include/ziparchive/zip_archive.h
+++ b/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive.h
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
 
 /* Zip compression methods we support */
 enum {
-  kCompressStored     = 0,        // no compression
-  kCompressDeflated   = 8,        // standard deflate
+  kCompressStored = 0,    // no compression
+  kCompressDeflated = 8,  // standard deflate
 };
 
 struct ZipString {
@@ -44,19 +44,17 @@
   explicit ZipString(const char* entry_name);
 
   bool operator==(const ZipString& rhs) const {
-    return name && (name_length == rhs.name_length) &&
-        (memcmp(name, rhs.name, name_length) == 0);
+    return name && (name_length == rhs.name_length) && (memcmp(name, rhs.name, name_length) == 0);
   }
 
   bool StartsWith(const ZipString& prefix) const {
     return name && (name_length >= prefix.name_length) &&
-        (memcmp(name, prefix.name, prefix.name_length) == 0);
+           (memcmp(name, prefix.name, prefix.name_length) == 0);
   }
 
   bool EndsWith(const ZipString& suffix) const {
     return name && (name_length >= suffix.name_length) &&
-        (memcmp(name + name_length - suffix.name_length, suffix.name,
-                suffix.name_length) == 0);
+           (memcmp(name + name_length - suffix.name_length, suffix.name, suffix.name_length) == 0);
   }
 };
 
@@ -134,11 +132,11 @@
  *
  * Returns 0 on success, and negative values on failure.
  */
-int32_t OpenArchiveFd(const int fd, const char* debugFileName,
-                      ZipArchiveHandle *handle, bool assume_ownership = true);
+int32_t OpenArchiveFd(const int fd, const char* debugFileName, ZipArchiveHandle* handle,
+                      bool assume_ownership = true);
 
 int32_t OpenArchiveFromMemory(void* address, size_t length, const char* debugFileName,
-                              ZipArchiveHandle *handle);
+                              ZipArchiveHandle* handle);
 /*
  * Close archive, releasing resources associated with it. This will
  * unmap the central directory of the zipfile and free all internal
@@ -164,8 +162,7 @@
  * On non-Windows platforms this method does not modify internal state and
  * can be called concurrently.
  */
-int32_t FindEntry(const ZipArchiveHandle handle, const ZipString& entryName,
-                  ZipEntry* data);
+int32_t FindEntry(const ZipArchiveHandle handle, const ZipString& entryName, ZipEntry* data);
 
 /*
  * Start iterating over all entries of a zip file. The order of iteration
@@ -180,8 +177,7 @@
  *
  * Returns 0 on success and negative values on failure.
  */
-int32_t StartIteration(ZipArchiveHandle handle, void** cookie_ptr,
-                       const ZipString* optional_prefix,
+int32_t StartIteration(ZipArchiveHandle handle, void** cookie_ptr, const ZipString* optional_prefix,
                        const ZipString* optional_suffix);
 
 /*
@@ -217,8 +213,7 @@
  *
  * Returns 0 on success and negative values on failure.
  */
-int32_t ExtractToMemory(ZipArchiveHandle handle, ZipEntry* entry,
-                        uint8_t* begin, uint32_t size);
+int32_t ExtractToMemory(ZipArchiveHandle handle, ZipEntry* entry, uint8_t* begin, uint32_t size);
 
 int GetFileDescriptor(const ZipArchiveHandle handle);
 
@@ -230,9 +225,9 @@
 /*
  * Stream the uncompressed data through the supplied function,
  * passing cookie to it each time it gets called.
-*/
+ */
 int32_t ProcessZipEntryContents(ZipArchiveHandle handle, ZipEntry* entry,
-        ProcessZipEntryFunction func, void* cookie);
+                                ProcessZipEntryFunction func, void* cookie);
 #endif
 
 #endif  // LIBZIPARCHIVE_ZIPARCHIVE_H_
diff --git a/include/ziparchive/zip_archive_stream_entry.h b/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive_stream_entry.h
similarity index 96%
rename from include/ziparchive/zip_archive_stream_entry.h
rename to libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive_stream_entry.h
index a40b799..b4766f8 100644
--- a/include/ziparchive/zip_archive_stream_entry.h
+++ b/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive_stream_entry.h
@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@
 
   ZipArchiveHandle handle_;
 
-  uint32_t crc32_;
+  off64_t offset_ = 0;
+  uint32_t crc32_ = 0u;
 };
 
 #endif  // LIBZIPARCHIVE_ZIPARCHIVESTREAMENTRY_H_
diff --git a/include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h b/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h
similarity index 96%
rename from include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h
rename to libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h
index 08ead48..c350a27 100644
--- a/include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h
+++ b/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <ctime>
-#include <zlib.h>
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
@@ -28,6 +27,9 @@
 #include "android-base/macros.h"
 #include "utils/Compat.h"
 
+struct z_stream_s;
+typedef struct z_stream_s z_stream;
+
 /**
  * Writes a Zip file via a stateful interface.
  *
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@
  *   fclose(file);
  */
 class ZipWriter {
-public:
+ public:
   enum {
     /**
      * Flag to compress the zip entry using deflate.
@@ -120,8 +122,7 @@
   /**
    * Same as StartAlignedEntry(const char*, size_t), but sets a last modified time for the entry.
    */
-  int32_t StartAlignedEntryWithTime(const char* path, size_t flags, time_t time,
-                                    uint32_t alignment);
+  int32_t StartAlignedEntryWithTime(const char* path, size_t flags, time_t time, uint32_t alignment);
 
   /**
    * Writes bytes to the zip file for the previously started zip entry.
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@
    */
   int32_t Finish();
 
-private:
+ private:
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ZipWriter);
 
   int32_t HandleError(int32_t error_code);
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@
   std::vector<FileEntry> files_;
   FileEntry current_file_entry_;
 
-  std::unique_ptr<z_stream, void(*)(z_stream*)> z_stream_;
+  std::unique_ptr<z_stream, void (*)(z_stream*)> z_stream_;
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer_;
 };
 
diff --git a/libziparchive/testdata/bad_filename.zip b/libziparchive/testdata/bad_filename.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..294eaf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libziparchive/testdata/bad_filename.zip
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libziparchive/testdata/crash.apk b/libziparchive/testdata/crash.apk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6dd52d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libziparchive/testdata/crash.apk
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_archive.cc b/libziparchive/zip_archive.cc
index efe1096..ad40d42 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_archive.cc
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_archive.cc
@@ -115,8 +115,7 @@
  * Convert a ZipEntry to a hash table index, verifying that it's in a
  * valid range.
  */
-static int64_t EntryToIndex(const ZipString* hash_table,
-                            const uint32_t hash_table_size,
+static int64_t EntryToIndex(const ZipString* hash_table, const uint32_t hash_table_size,
                             const ZipString& name) {
   const uint32_t hash = ComputeHash(name);
 
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@
 /*
  * Add a new entry to the hash table.
  */
-static int32_t AddToHash(ZipString *hash_table, const uint64_t hash_table_size,
+static int32_t AddToHash(ZipString* hash_table, const uint64_t hash_table_size,
                          const ZipString& name) {
   const uint64_t hash = ComputeHash(name);
   uint32_t ent = hash & (hash_table_size - 1);
@@ -161,13 +160,12 @@
 }
 
 static int32_t MapCentralDirectory0(const char* debug_file_name, ZipArchive* archive,
-                                    off64_t file_length, off64_t read_amount,
-                                    uint8_t* scan_buffer) {
+                                    off64_t file_length, off64_t read_amount, uint8_t* scan_buffer) {
   const off64_t search_start = file_length - read_amount;
 
-  if(!archive->mapped_zip.ReadAtOffset(scan_buffer, read_amount, search_start)) {
-    ALOGE("Zip: read %" PRId64 " from offset %" PRId64 " failed",
-          static_cast<int64_t>(read_amount), static_cast<int64_t>(search_start));
+  if (!archive->mapped_zip.ReadAtOffset(scan_buffer, read_amount, search_start)) {
+    ALOGE("Zip: read %" PRId64 " from offset %" PRId64 " failed", static_cast<int64_t>(read_amount),
+          static_cast<int64_t>(search_start));
     return kIoError;
   }
 
@@ -198,8 +196,7 @@
    * Verify that there's no trailing space at the end of the central directory
    * and its comment.
    */
-  const off64_t calculated_length = eocd_offset + sizeof(EocdRecord)
-      + eocd->comment_length;
+  const off64_t calculated_length = eocd_offset + sizeof(EocdRecord) + eocd->comment_length;
   if (calculated_length != file_length) {
     ALOGW("Zip: %" PRId64 " extraneous bytes at the end of the central directory",
           static_cast<int64_t>(file_length - calculated_length));
@@ -212,7 +209,7 @@
    */
   if (static_cast<off64_t>(eocd->cd_start_offset) + eocd->cd_size > eocd_offset) {
     ALOGW("Zip: bad offsets (dir %" PRIu32 ", size %" PRIu32 ", eocd %" PRId64 ")",
-        eocd->cd_start_offset, eocd->cd_size, static_cast<int64_t>(eocd_offset));
+          eocd->cd_start_offset, eocd->cd_size, static_cast<int64_t>(eocd_offset));
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
     if (eocd->cd_start_offset + eocd->cd_size <= eocd_offset) {
       android_errorWriteLog(0x534e4554, "31251826");
@@ -225,8 +222,8 @@
     return kEmptyArchive;
   }
 
-  ALOGV("+++ num_entries=%" PRIu32 " dir_size=%" PRIu32 " dir_offset=%" PRIu32,
-        eocd->num_records, eocd->cd_size, eocd->cd_start_offset);
+  ALOGV("+++ num_entries=%" PRIu32 " dir_size=%" PRIu32 " dir_offset=%" PRIu32, eocd->num_records,
+        eocd->cd_size, eocd->cd_start_offset);
 
   /*
    * It all looks good.  Create a mapping for the CD, and set the fields
@@ -255,7 +252,6 @@
  *   num_entries
  */
 static int32_t MapCentralDirectory(const char* debug_file_name, ZipArchive* archive) {
-
   // Test file length. We use lseek64 to make sure the file
   // is small enough to be a zip file (Its size must be less than
   // 0xffffffff bytes).
@@ -292,8 +288,8 @@
   }
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> scan_buffer(read_amount);
-  int32_t result = MapCentralDirectory0(debug_file_name, archive, file_length, read_amount,
-                                        scan_buffer.data());
+  int32_t result =
+      MapCentralDirectory0(debug_file_name, archive, file_length, read_amount, scan_buffer.data());
   return result;
 }
 
@@ -314,8 +310,13 @@
    * least one unused entry to avoid an infinite loop during creation.
    */
   archive->hash_table_size = RoundUpPower2(1 + (num_entries * 4) / 3);
-  archive->hash_table = reinterpret_cast<ZipString*>(calloc(archive->hash_table_size,
-      sizeof(ZipString)));
+  archive->hash_table =
+      reinterpret_cast<ZipString*>(calloc(archive->hash_table_size, sizeof(ZipString)));
+  if (archive->hash_table == nullptr) {
+    ALOGW("Zip: unable to allocate the %u-entry hash_table, entry size: %zu",
+          archive->hash_table_size, sizeof(ZipString));
+    return -1;
+  }
 
   /*
    * Walk through the central directory, adding entries to the hash
@@ -324,22 +325,24 @@
   const uint8_t* const cd_end = cd_ptr + cd_length;
   const uint8_t* ptr = cd_ptr;
   for (uint16_t i = 0; i < num_entries; i++) {
-    const CentralDirectoryRecord* cdr =
-        reinterpret_cast<const CentralDirectoryRecord*>(ptr);
-    if (cdr->record_signature != CentralDirectoryRecord::kSignature) {
-      ALOGW("Zip: missed a central dir sig (at %" PRIu16 ")", i);
+    if (ptr > cd_end - sizeof(CentralDirectoryRecord)) {
+      ALOGW("Zip: ran off the end (at %" PRIu16 ")", i);
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+      android_errorWriteLog(0x534e4554, "36392138");
+#endif
       return -1;
     }
 
-    if (ptr + sizeof(CentralDirectoryRecord) > cd_end) {
-      ALOGW("Zip: ran off the end (at %" PRIu16 ")", i);
+    const CentralDirectoryRecord* cdr = reinterpret_cast<const CentralDirectoryRecord*>(ptr);
+    if (cdr->record_signature != CentralDirectoryRecord::kSignature) {
+      ALOGW("Zip: missed a central dir sig (at %" PRIu16 ")", i);
       return -1;
     }
 
     const off64_t local_header_offset = cdr->local_file_header_offset;
     if (local_header_offset >= archive->directory_offset) {
       ALOGW("Zip: bad LFH offset %" PRId64 " at entry %" PRIu16,
-          static_cast<int64_t>(local_header_offset), i);
+            static_cast<int64_t>(local_header_offset), i);
       return -1;
     }
 
@@ -348,6 +351,13 @@
     const uint16_t comment_length = cdr->comment_length;
     const uint8_t* file_name = ptr + sizeof(CentralDirectoryRecord);
 
+    if (file_name + file_name_length > cd_end) {
+      ALOGW(
+          "Zip: file name boundary exceeds the central directory range, file_name_length: "
+          "%" PRIx16 ", cd_length: %zu",
+          file_name_length, cd_length);
+      return -1;
+    }
     /* check that file name is valid UTF-8 and doesn't contain NUL (U+0000) characters */
     if (!IsValidEntryName(file_name, file_name_length)) {
       return -1;
@@ -357,8 +367,7 @@
     ZipString entry_name;
     entry_name.name = file_name;
     entry_name.name_length = file_name_length;
-    const int add_result = AddToHash(archive->hash_table,
-        archive->hash_table_size, entry_name);
+    const int add_result = AddToHash(archive->hash_table, archive->hash_table_size, entry_name);
     if (add_result != 0) {
       ALOGW("Zip: Error adding entry to hash table %d", add_result);
       return add_result;
@@ -366,8 +375,7 @@
 
     ptr += sizeof(CentralDirectoryRecord) + file_name_length + extra_length + comment_length;
     if ((ptr - cd_ptr) > static_cast<int64_t>(cd_length)) {
-      ALOGW("Zip: bad CD advance (%tu vs %zu) at entry %" PRIu16,
-          ptr - cd_ptr, cd_length, i);
+      ALOGW("Zip: bad CD advance (%tu vs %zu) at entry %" PRIu16, ptr - cd_ptr, cd_length, i);
       return -1;
     }
   }
@@ -376,8 +384,7 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
-static int32_t OpenArchiveInternal(ZipArchive* archive,
-                                   const char* debug_file_name) {
+static int32_t OpenArchiveInternal(ZipArchive* archive, const char* debug_file_name) {
   int32_t result = -1;
   if ((result = MapCentralDirectory(debug_file_name, archive)) != 0) {
     return result;
@@ -390,8 +397,8 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
-int32_t OpenArchiveFd(int fd, const char* debug_file_name,
-                      ZipArchiveHandle* handle, bool assume_ownership) {
+int32_t OpenArchiveFd(int fd, const char* debug_file_name, ZipArchiveHandle* handle,
+                      bool assume_ownership) {
   ZipArchive* archive = new ZipArchive(fd, assume_ownership);
   *handle = archive;
   return OpenArchiveInternal(archive, debug_file_name);
@@ -411,7 +418,7 @@
 }
 
 int32_t OpenArchiveFromMemory(void* address, size_t length, const char* debug_file_name,
-                              ZipArchiveHandle *handle) {
+                              ZipArchiveHandle* handle) {
   ZipArchive* archive = new ZipArchive(address, length);
   *handle = archive;
   return OpenArchiveInternal(archive, debug_file_name);
@@ -428,13 +435,20 @@
 
 static int32_t ValidateDataDescriptor(MappedZipFile& mapped_zip, ZipEntry* entry) {
   uint8_t ddBuf[sizeof(DataDescriptor) + sizeof(DataDescriptor::kOptSignature)];
-  if (!mapped_zip.ReadData(ddBuf, sizeof(ddBuf))) {
+  off64_t offset = entry->offset;
+  if (entry->method != kCompressStored) {
+    offset += entry->compressed_length;
+  } else {
+    offset += entry->uncompressed_length;
+  }
+
+  if (!mapped_zip.ReadAtOffset(ddBuf, sizeof(ddBuf), offset)) {
     return kIoError;
   }
 
   const uint32_t ddSignature = *(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(ddBuf));
-  const uint16_t offset = (ddSignature == DataDescriptor::kOptSignature) ? 4 : 0;
-  const DataDescriptor* descriptor = reinterpret_cast<const DataDescriptor*>(ddBuf + offset);
+  const uint16_t ddOffset = (ddSignature == DataDescriptor::kOptSignature) ? 4 : 0;
+  const DataDescriptor* descriptor = reinterpret_cast<const DataDescriptor*>(ddBuf + ddOffset);
 
   // Validate that the values in the data descriptor match those in the central
   // directory.
@@ -451,8 +465,7 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
-static int32_t FindEntry(const ZipArchive* archive, const int ent,
-                         ZipEntry* data) {
+static int32_t FindEntry(const ZipArchive* archive, const int ent, ZipEntry* data) {
   const uint16_t nameLen = archive->hash_table[ent].name_length;
 
   // Recover the start of the central directory entry from the filename
@@ -470,8 +483,7 @@
     return kInvalidOffset;
   }
 
-  const CentralDirectoryRecord *cdr =
-      reinterpret_cast<const CentralDirectoryRecord*>(ptr);
+  const CentralDirectoryRecord* cdr = reinterpret_cast<const CentralDirectoryRecord*>(ptr);
 
   // The offset of the start of the central directory in the zipfile.
   // We keep this lying around so that we can sanity check all our lengths
@@ -499,15 +511,15 @@
   uint8_t lfh_buf[sizeof(LocalFileHeader)];
   if (!archive->mapped_zip.ReadAtOffset(lfh_buf, sizeof(lfh_buf), local_header_offset)) {
     ALOGW("Zip: failed reading lfh name from offset %" PRId64,
-        static_cast<int64_t>(local_header_offset));
+          static_cast<int64_t>(local_header_offset));
     return kIoError;
   }
 
-  const LocalFileHeader *lfh = reinterpret_cast<const LocalFileHeader*>(lfh_buf);
+  const LocalFileHeader* lfh = reinterpret_cast<const LocalFileHeader*>(lfh_buf);
 
   if (lfh->lfh_signature != LocalFileHeader::kSignature) {
     ALOGW("Zip: didn't find signature at start of lfh, offset=%" PRId64,
-        static_cast<int64_t>(local_header_offset));
+          static_cast<int64_t>(local_header_offset));
     return kInvalidOffset;
   }
 
@@ -536,13 +548,12 @@
   // header agree on the crc, compressed, and uncompressed sizes of the entry.
   if ((lfh->gpb_flags & kGPBDDFlagMask) == 0) {
     data->has_data_descriptor = 0;
-    if (data->compressed_length != lfh->compressed_size
-        || data->uncompressed_length != lfh->uncompressed_size
-        || data->crc32 != lfh->crc32) {
-      ALOGW("Zip: size/crc32 mismatch. expected {%" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu32
-        ", %" PRIx32 "}, was {%" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu32 ", %" PRIx32 "}",
-        data->compressed_length, data->uncompressed_length, data->crc32,
-        lfh->compressed_size, lfh->uncompressed_size, lfh->crc32);
+    if (data->compressed_length != lfh->compressed_size ||
+        data->uncompressed_length != lfh->uncompressed_size || data->crc32 != lfh->crc32) {
+      ALOGW("Zip: size/crc32 mismatch. expected {%" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu32 ", %" PRIx32
+            "}, was {%" PRIu32 ", %" PRIu32 ", %" PRIx32 "}",
+            data->compressed_length, data->uncompressed_length, data->crc32, lfh->compressed_size,
+            lfh->uncompressed_size, lfh->crc32);
       return kInconsistentInformation;
     }
   } else {
@@ -580,8 +591,8 @@
     return kInconsistentInformation;
   }
 
-  const off64_t data_offset = local_header_offset + sizeof(LocalFileHeader)
-      + lfh->file_name_length + lfh->extra_field_length;
+  const off64_t data_offset = local_header_offset + sizeof(LocalFileHeader) +
+                              lfh->file_name_length + lfh->extra_field_length;
   if (data_offset > cd_offset) {
     ALOGW("Zip: bad data offset %" PRId64 " in zip", static_cast<int64_t>(data_offset));
     return kInvalidOffset;
@@ -589,16 +600,17 @@
 
   if (static_cast<off64_t>(data_offset + data->compressed_length) > cd_offset) {
     ALOGW("Zip: bad compressed length in zip (%" PRId64 " + %" PRIu32 " > %" PRId64 ")",
-      static_cast<int64_t>(data_offset), data->compressed_length, static_cast<int64_t>(cd_offset));
+          static_cast<int64_t>(data_offset), data->compressed_length,
+          static_cast<int64_t>(cd_offset));
     return kInvalidOffset;
   }
 
   if (data->method == kCompressStored &&
-    static_cast<off64_t>(data_offset + data->uncompressed_length) > cd_offset) {
-     ALOGW("Zip: bad uncompressed length in zip (%" PRId64 " + %" PRIu32 " > %" PRId64 ")",
-       static_cast<int64_t>(data_offset), data->uncompressed_length,
-       static_cast<int64_t>(cd_offset));
-     return kInvalidOffset;
+      static_cast<off64_t>(data_offset + data->uncompressed_length) > cd_offset) {
+    ALOGW("Zip: bad uncompressed length in zip (%" PRId64 " + %" PRIu32 " > %" PRId64 ")",
+          static_cast<int64_t>(data_offset), data->uncompressed_length,
+          static_cast<int64_t>(cd_offset));
+    return kInvalidOffset;
   }
 
   data->offset = data_offset;
@@ -613,8 +625,7 @@
   ZipString suffix;
   ZipArchive* archive;
 
-  IterationHandle(const ZipString* in_prefix,
-                  const ZipString* in_suffix) {
+  IterationHandle(const ZipString* in_prefix, const ZipString* in_suffix) {
     if (in_prefix) {
       uint8_t* name_copy = new uint8_t[in_prefix->name_length];
       memcpy(name_copy, in_prefix->name, in_prefix->name_length);
@@ -641,8 +652,7 @@
   }
 };
 
-int32_t StartIteration(ZipArchiveHandle handle, void** cookie_ptr,
-                       const ZipString* optional_prefix,
+int32_t StartIteration(ZipArchiveHandle handle, void** cookie_ptr, const ZipString* optional_prefix,
                        const ZipString* optional_suffix) {
   ZipArchive* archive = reinterpret_cast<ZipArchive*>(handle);
 
@@ -655,7 +665,7 @@
   cookie->position = 0;
   cookie->archive = archive;
 
-  *cookie_ptr = cookie ;
+  *cookie_ptr = cookie;
   return 0;
 }
 
@@ -663,16 +673,14 @@
   delete reinterpret_cast<IterationHandle*>(cookie);
 }
 
-int32_t FindEntry(const ZipArchiveHandle handle, const ZipString& entryName,
-                  ZipEntry* data) {
+int32_t FindEntry(const ZipArchiveHandle handle, const ZipString& entryName, ZipEntry* data) {
   const ZipArchive* archive = reinterpret_cast<ZipArchive*>(handle);
   if (entryName.name_length == 0) {
     ALOGW("Zip: Invalid filename %.*s", entryName.name_length, entryName.name);
     return kInvalidEntryName;
   }
 
-  const int64_t ent = EntryToIndex(archive->hash_table,
-    archive->hash_table_size, entryName);
+  const int64_t ent = EntryToIndex(archive->hash_table, archive->hash_table_size, entryName);
 
   if (ent < 0) {
     ALOGV("Zip: Could not find entry %.*s", entryName.name_length, entryName.name);
@@ -700,10 +708,8 @@
 
   for (uint32_t i = currentOffset; i < hash_table_length; ++i) {
     if (hash_table[i].name != NULL &&
-        (handle->prefix.name_length == 0 ||
-         hash_table[i].StartsWith(handle->prefix)) &&
-        (handle->suffix.name_length == 0 ||
-         hash_table[i].EndsWith(handle->suffix))) {
+        (handle->prefix.name_length == 0 || hash_table[i].StartsWith(handle->prefix)) &&
+        (handle->suffix.name_length == 0 || hash_table[i].EndsWith(handle->suffix))) {
       handle->position = (i + 1);
       const int error = FindEntry(archive, i, data);
       if (!error) {
@@ -723,8 +729,10 @@
  public:
   virtual bool Append(uint8_t* buf, size_t buf_size) = 0;
   virtual ~Writer() {}
+
  protected:
   Writer() = default;
+
  private:
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Writer);
 };
@@ -734,14 +742,12 @@
 // the data appended to it.
 class MemoryWriter : public Writer {
  public:
-  MemoryWriter(uint8_t* buf, size_t size) : Writer(),
-      buf_(buf), size_(size), bytes_written_(0) {
-  }
+  MemoryWriter(uint8_t* buf, size_t size) : Writer(), buf_(buf), size_(size), bytes_written_(0) {}
 
   virtual bool Append(uint8_t* buf, size_t buf_size) override {
     if (bytes_written_ + buf_size > size_) {
-      ALOGW("Zip: Unexpected size " ZD " (declared) vs " ZD " (actual)",
-            size_, bytes_written_ + buf_size);
+      ALOGW("Zip: Unexpected size " ZD " (declared) vs " ZD " (actual)", size_,
+            bytes_written_ + buf_size);
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -760,7 +766,6 @@
 // The file will be truncated to the end of the written data.
 class FileWriter : public Writer {
  public:
-
   // Creates a FileWriter for |fd| and prepare to write |entry| to it,
   // guaranteeing that the file descriptor is valid and that there's enough
   // space on the volume to write out the entry completely and that the file
@@ -819,8 +824,8 @@
 
   virtual bool Append(uint8_t* buf, size_t buf_size) override {
     if (total_bytes_written_ + buf_size > declared_length_) {
-      ALOGW("Zip: Unexpected size " ZD " (declared) vs " ZD " (actual)",
-            declared_length_, total_bytes_written_ + buf_size);
+      ALOGW("Zip: Unexpected size " ZD " (declared) vs " ZD " (actual)", declared_length_,
+            total_bytes_written_ + buf_size);
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -833,13 +838,10 @@
 
     return result;
   }
+
  private:
-  FileWriter(const int fd, const size_t declared_length) :
-      Writer(),
-      fd_(fd),
-      declared_length_(declared_length),
-      total_bytes_written_(0) {
-  }
+  FileWriter(const int fd, const size_t declared_length)
+      : Writer(), fd_(fd), declared_length_(declared_length), total_bytes_written_(0) {}
 
   const int fd_;
   const size_t declared_length_;
@@ -882,8 +884,7 @@
   zerr = zlib_inflateInit2(&zstream, -MAX_WBITS);
   if (zerr != Z_OK) {
     if (zerr == Z_VERSION_ERROR) {
-      ALOGE("Installed zlib is not compatible with linked version (%s)",
-        ZLIB_VERSION);
+      ALOGE("Installed zlib is not compatible with linked version (%s)", ZLIB_VERSION);
     } else {
       ALOGW("Call to inflateInit2 failed (zerr=%d)", zerr);
     }
@@ -892,7 +893,7 @@
   }
 
   auto zstream_deleter = [](z_stream* stream) {
-    inflateEnd(stream);  /* free up any allocated structures */
+    inflateEnd(stream); /* free up any allocated structures */
   };
 
   std::unique_ptr<z_stream, decltype(zstream_deleter)> zstream_guard(&zstream, zstream_deleter);
@@ -905,7 +906,9 @@
     /* read as much as we can */
     if (zstream.avail_in == 0) {
       const size_t getSize = (compressed_length > kBufSize) ? kBufSize : compressed_length;
-      if (!mapped_zip.ReadData(read_buf.data(), getSize)) {
+      off64_t offset = entry->offset + (entry->compressed_length - compressed_length);
+      // Make sure to read at offset to ensure concurrent access to the fd.
+      if (!mapped_zip.ReadAtOffset(read_buf.data(), getSize, offset)) {
         ALOGW("Zip: inflate read failed, getSize = %zu: %s", getSize, strerror(errno));
         return kIoError;
       }
@@ -919,15 +922,13 @@
     /* uncompress the data */
     zerr = inflate(&zstream, Z_NO_FLUSH);
     if (zerr != Z_OK && zerr != Z_STREAM_END) {
-      ALOGW("Zip: inflate zerr=%d (nIn=%p aIn=%u nOut=%p aOut=%u)",
-          zerr, zstream.next_in, zstream.avail_in,
-          zstream.next_out, zstream.avail_out);
+      ALOGW("Zip: inflate zerr=%d (nIn=%p aIn=%u nOut=%p aOut=%u)", zerr, zstream.next_in,
+            zstream.avail_in, zstream.next_out, zstream.avail_out);
       return kZlibError;
     }
 
     /* write when we're full or when we're done */
-    if (zstream.avail_out == 0 ||
-      (zerr == Z_STREAM_END && zstream.avail_out != kBufSize)) {
+    if (zstream.avail_out == 0 || (zerr == Z_STREAM_END && zstream.avail_out != kBufSize)) {
       const size_t write_size = zstream.next_out - &write_buf[0];
       if (!writer->Append(&write_buf[0], write_size)) {
         // The file might have declared a bogus length.
@@ -941,7 +942,7 @@
     }
   } while (zerr == Z_OK);
 
-  assert(zerr == Z_STREAM_END);     /* other errors should've been caught */
+  assert(zerr == Z_STREAM_END); /* other errors should've been caught */
 
   // NOTE: zstream.adler is always set to 0, because we're using the -MAX_WBITS
   // "feature" of zlib to tell it there won't be a zlib file header. zlib
@@ -952,8 +953,8 @@
   *crc_out = crc;
 
   if (zstream.total_out != uncompressed_length || compressed_length != 0) {
-    ALOGW("Zip: size mismatch on inflated file (%lu vs %" PRIu32 ")",
-        zstream.total_out, uncompressed_length);
+    ALOGW("Zip: size mismatch on inflated file (%lu vs %" PRIu32 ")", zstream.total_out,
+          uncompressed_length);
     return kInconsistentInformation;
   }
 
@@ -961,7 +962,7 @@
 }
 
 static int32_t CopyEntryToWriter(MappedZipFile& mapped_zip, const ZipEntry* entry, Writer* writer,
-                                 uint64_t *crc_out) {
+                                 uint64_t* crc_out) {
   static const uint32_t kBufSize = 32768;
   std::vector<uint8_t> buf(kBufSize);
 
@@ -970,12 +971,15 @@
   uint64_t crc = 0;
   while (count < length) {
     uint32_t remaining = length - count;
+    off64_t offset = entry->offset + count;
 
-    // Safe conversion because kBufSize is narrow enough for a 32 bit signed
-    // value.
+    // Safe conversion because kBufSize is narrow enough for a 32 bit signed value.
     const size_t block_size = (remaining > kBufSize) ? kBufSize : remaining;
-    if (!mapped_zip.ReadData(buf.data(), block_size)) {
-      ALOGW("CopyFileToFile: copy read failed, block_size = %zu: %s", block_size, strerror(errno));
+
+    // Make sure to read at offset to ensure concurrent access to the fd.
+    if (!mapped_zip.ReadAtOffset(buf.data(), block_size, offset)) {
+      ALOGW("CopyFileToFile: copy read failed, block_size = %zu, offset = %" PRId64 ": %s",
+            block_size, static_cast<int64_t>(offset), strerror(errno));
       return kIoError;
     }
 
@@ -991,16 +995,9 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
-int32_t ExtractToWriter(ZipArchiveHandle handle,
-                        ZipEntry* entry, Writer* writer) {
+int32_t ExtractToWriter(ZipArchiveHandle handle, ZipEntry* entry, Writer* writer) {
   ZipArchive* archive = reinterpret_cast<ZipArchive*>(handle);
   const uint16_t method = entry->method;
-  off64_t data_offset = entry->offset;
-
-  if (!archive->mapped_zip.SeekToOffset(data_offset)) {
-    ALOGW("Zip: lseek to data at %" PRId64 " failed", static_cast<int64_t>(data_offset));
-    return kIoError;
-  }
 
   // this should default to kUnknownCompressionMethod.
   int32_t return_value = -1;
@@ -1027,14 +1024,12 @@
   return return_value;
 }
 
-int32_t ExtractToMemory(ZipArchiveHandle handle, ZipEntry* entry,
-                        uint8_t* begin, uint32_t size) {
+int32_t ExtractToMemory(ZipArchiveHandle handle, ZipEntry* entry, uint8_t* begin, uint32_t size) {
   std::unique_ptr<Writer> writer(new MemoryWriter(begin, size));
   return ExtractToWriter(handle, entry, writer.get());
 }
 
-int32_t ExtractEntryToFile(ZipArchiveHandle handle,
-                           ZipEntry* entry, int fd) {
+int32_t ExtractEntryToFile(ZipArchiveHandle handle, ZipEntry* entry, int fd) {
   std::unique_ptr<Writer> writer(FileWriter::Create(fd, entry));
   if (writer.get() == nullptr) {
     return kIoError;
@@ -1061,8 +1056,7 @@
   return reinterpret_cast<ZipArchive*>(handle)->mapped_zip.GetFileDescriptor();
 }
 
-ZipString::ZipString(const char* entry_name)
-    : name(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(entry_name)) {
+ZipString::ZipString(const char* entry_name) : name(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(entry_name)) {
   size_t len = strlen(entry_name);
   CHECK_LE(len, static_cast<size_t>(UINT16_MAX));
   name_length = static_cast<uint16_t>(len);
@@ -1071,10 +1065,8 @@
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
 class ProcessWriter : public Writer {
  public:
-  ProcessWriter(ProcessZipEntryFunction func, void* cookie) : Writer(),
-    proc_function_(func),
-    cookie_(cookie) {
-  }
+  ProcessWriter(ProcessZipEntryFunction func, void* cookie)
+      : Writer(), proc_function_(func), cookie_(cookie) {}
 
   virtual bool Append(uint8_t* buf, size_t buf_size) override {
     return proc_function_(buf, buf_size, cookie_);
@@ -1091,7 +1083,7 @@
   return ExtractToWriter(handle, entry, &writer);
 }
 
-#endif //!defined(_WIN32)
+#endif  //! defined(_WIN32)
 
 int MappedZipFile::GetFileDescriptor() const {
   if (!has_fd_) {
@@ -1125,54 +1117,21 @@
   }
 }
 
-bool MappedZipFile::SeekToOffset(off64_t offset) {
-  if (has_fd_) {
-    if (lseek64(fd_, offset, SEEK_SET) != offset) {
-      ALOGE("Zip: lseek to %" PRId64 " failed: %s\n", offset, strerror(errno));
-      return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-  } else {
-    if (offset < 0 || offset > static_cast<off64_t>(data_length_)) {
-      ALOGE("Zip: invalid offset: %" PRId64 ", data length: %" PRId64 "\n" , offset,
-            data_length_);
-      return false;
-    }
-
-    read_pos_ = offset;
-    return true;
-  }
-}
-
-bool MappedZipFile::ReadData(uint8_t* buffer, size_t read_amount) {
-  if (has_fd_) {
-    if(!android::base::ReadFully(fd_, buffer, read_amount)) {
-      ALOGE("Zip: read from %d failed\n", fd_);
-      return false;
-    }
-  } else {
-    memcpy(buffer, static_cast<uint8_t*>(base_ptr_) + read_pos_, read_amount);
-    read_pos_ += read_amount;
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
 // Attempts to read |len| bytes into |buf| at offset |off|.
 bool MappedZipFile::ReadAtOffset(uint8_t* buf, size_t len, off64_t off) {
-#if !defined(_WIN32)
   if (has_fd_) {
-    if (static_cast<size_t>(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread64(fd_, buf, len, off))) != len) {
+    if (!android::base::ReadFullyAtOffset(fd_, buf, len, off)) {
       ALOGE("Zip: failed to read at offset %" PRId64 "\n", off);
       return false;
     }
-    return true;
+  } else {
+    if (off < 0 || off > static_cast<off64_t>(data_length_)) {
+      ALOGE("Zip: invalid offset: %" PRId64 ", data length: %" PRId64 "\n", off, data_length_);
+      return false;
+    }
+    memcpy(buf, static_cast<uint8_t*>(base_ptr_) + off, len);
   }
-#endif
-  if (!SeekToOffset(off)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  return ReadData(buf, len);
-
+  return true;
 }
 
 void CentralDirectory::Initialize(void* map_base_ptr, off64_t cd_start_offset, size_t cd_size) {
@@ -1183,13 +1142,13 @@
 bool ZipArchive::InitializeCentralDirectory(const char* debug_file_name, off64_t cd_start_offset,
                                             size_t cd_size) {
   if (mapped_zip.HasFd()) {
-    if (!directory_map->create(debug_file_name, mapped_zip.GetFileDescriptor(),
-                               cd_start_offset, cd_size, true /* read only */)) {
+    if (!directory_map->create(debug_file_name, mapped_zip.GetFileDescriptor(), cd_start_offset,
+                               cd_size, true /* read only */)) {
       return false;
     }
 
     CHECK_EQ(directory_map->getDataLength(), cd_size);
-    central_directory.Initialize(directory_map->getDataPtr(), 0/*offset*/, cd_size);
+    central_directory.Initialize(directory_map->getDataPtr(), 0 /*offset*/, cd_size);
   } else {
     if (mapped_zip.GetBasePtr() == nullptr) {
       ALOGE("Zip: Failed to map central directory, bad mapped_zip base pointer\n");
@@ -1197,9 +1156,10 @@
     }
     if (static_cast<off64_t>(cd_start_offset) + static_cast<off64_t>(cd_size) >
         mapped_zip.GetFileLength()) {
-      ALOGE("Zip: Failed to map central directory, offset exceeds mapped memory region ("
-            "start_offset %"  PRId64 ", cd_size %zu, mapped_region_size %" PRId64 ")",
-            static_cast<int64_t>(cd_start_offset), cd_size, mapped_zip.GetFileLength());
+      ALOGE(
+          "Zip: Failed to map central directory, offset exceeds mapped memory region ("
+          "start_offset %" PRId64 ", cd_size %zu, mapped_region_size %" PRId64 ")",
+          static_cast<int64_t>(cd_start_offset), cd_size, mapped_zip.GetFileLength());
       return false;
     }
 
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_archive_common.h b/libziparchive/zip_archive_common.h
index bc1ebb4..8b99bde 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_archive_common.h
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_archive_common.h
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@
   uint32_t cd_start_offset;
   // Length of the central directory comment.
   uint16_t comment_length;
+
  private:
   EocdRecord() = default;
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(EocdRecord);
@@ -111,6 +112,7 @@
   // The offset to the local file header for this entry, from the
   // beginning of this archive.
   uint32_t local_file_header_offset;
+
  private:
   CentralDirectoryRecord() = default;
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(CentralDirectoryRecord);
@@ -149,6 +151,7 @@
   // The length of the extra field info (in bytes). This data
   // will appear immediately after the entry file name.
   uint16_t extra_field_length;
+
  private:
   LocalFileHeader() = default;
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(LocalFileHeader);
@@ -164,6 +167,7 @@
   uint32_t compressed_size;
   // Uncompressed size of the entry.
   uint32_t uncompressed_size;
+
  private:
   DataDescriptor() = default;
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(DataDescriptor);
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_archive_private.h b/libziparchive/zip_archive_private.h
index de93ecd..174aa3f 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_archive_private.h
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_archive_private.h
@@ -92,21 +92,13 @@
 
 class MappedZipFile {
  public:
-  explicit MappedZipFile(const int fd) :
-    has_fd_(true),
-    fd_(fd),
-    base_ptr_(nullptr),
-    data_length_(0),
-    read_pos_(0) {}
+  explicit MappedZipFile(const int fd)
+      : has_fd_(true), fd_(fd), base_ptr_(nullptr), data_length_(0) {}
 
-  explicit MappedZipFile(void* address, size_t length) :
-    has_fd_(false),
-    fd_(-1),
-    base_ptr_(address),
-    data_length_(static_cast<off64_t>(length)),
-    read_pos_(0) {}
+  explicit MappedZipFile(void* address, size_t length)
+      : has_fd_(false), fd_(-1), base_ptr_(address), data_length_(static_cast<off64_t>(length)) {}
 
-  bool HasFd() const {return has_fd_;}
+  bool HasFd() const { return has_fd_; }
 
   int GetFileDescriptor() const;
 
@@ -114,10 +106,6 @@
 
   off64_t GetFileLength() const;
 
-  bool SeekToOffset(off64_t offset);
-
-  bool ReadData(uint8_t* buffer, size_t read_amount);
-
   bool ReadAtOffset(uint8_t* buf, size_t len, off64_t off);
 
  private:
@@ -131,19 +119,15 @@
 
   void* const base_ptr_;
   const off64_t data_length_;
-  // read_pos_ is the offset to the base_ptr_ where we read data from.
-  size_t read_pos_;
 };
 
 class CentralDirectory {
  public:
-  CentralDirectory(void) :
-    base_ptr_(nullptr),
-    length_(0) {}
+  CentralDirectory(void) : base_ptr_(nullptr), length_(0) {}
 
-  const uint8_t* GetBasePtr() const {return base_ptr_;}
+  const uint8_t* GetBasePtr() const { return base_ptr_; }
 
-  size_t GetMapLength() const {return length_;}
+  size_t GetMapLength() const { return length_; }
 
   void Initialize(void* map_base_ptr, off64_t cd_start_offset, size_t cd_size);
 
@@ -172,25 +156,25 @@
   uint32_t hash_table_size;
   ZipString* hash_table;
 
-  ZipArchive(const int fd, bool assume_ownership) :
-    mapped_zip(fd),
-    close_file(assume_ownership),
-    directory_offset(0),
-    central_directory(),
-    directory_map(new android::FileMap()),
-    num_entries(0),
-    hash_table_size(0),
-    hash_table(nullptr) {}
+  ZipArchive(const int fd, bool assume_ownership)
+      : mapped_zip(fd),
+        close_file(assume_ownership),
+        directory_offset(0),
+        central_directory(),
+        directory_map(new android::FileMap()),
+        num_entries(0),
+        hash_table_size(0),
+        hash_table(nullptr) {}
 
-  ZipArchive(void* address, size_t length) :
-    mapped_zip(address, length),
-    close_file(false),
-    directory_offset(0),
-    central_directory(),
-    directory_map(new android::FileMap()),
-    num_entries(0),
-    hash_table_size(0),
-    hash_table(nullptr) {}
+  ZipArchive(void* address, size_t length)
+      : mapped_zip(address, length),
+        close_file(false),
+        directory_offset(0),
+        central_directory(),
+        directory_map(new android::FileMap()),
+        num_entries(0),
+        hash_table_size(0),
+        hash_table(nullptr) {}
 
   ~ZipArchive() {
     if (close_file && mapped_zip.GetFileDescriptor() >= 0) {
@@ -202,7 +186,6 @@
 
   bool InitializeCentralDirectory(const char* debug_file_name, off64_t cd_start_offset,
                                   size_t cd_size);
-
 };
 
 #endif  // LIBZIPARCHIVE_ZIPARCHIVE_PRIVATE_H_
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_archive_stream_entry.cc b/libziparchive/zip_archive_stream_entry.cc
index 3f336a6..9ec89b1 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_archive_stream_entry.cc
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_archive_stream_entry.cc
@@ -38,13 +38,8 @@
 static constexpr size_t kBufSize = 65535;
 
 bool ZipArchiveStreamEntry::Init(const ZipEntry& entry) {
-  ZipArchive* archive = reinterpret_cast<ZipArchive*>(handle_);
-  off64_t data_offset = entry.offset;
-  if (!archive->mapped_zip.SeekToOffset(data_offset)) {
-    ALOGW("lseek to data at %" PRId64 " failed: %s", data_offset, strerror(errno));
-    return false;
-  }
   crc32_ = entry.crc32;
+  offset_ = entry.offset;
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -61,11 +56,11 @@
  protected:
   bool Init(const ZipEntry& entry) override;
 
-  uint32_t length_;
+  uint32_t length_ = 0u;
 
  private:
   std::vector<uint8_t> data_;
-  uint32_t computed_crc32_;
+  uint32_t computed_crc32_ = 0u;
 };
 
 bool ZipArchiveStreamEntryUncompressed::Init(const ZipEntry& entry) {
@@ -89,7 +84,7 @@
   size_t bytes = (length_ > data_.size()) ? data_.size() : length_;
   ZipArchive* archive = reinterpret_cast<ZipArchive*>(handle_);
   errno = 0;
-  if (!archive->mapped_zip.ReadData(data_.data(), bytes)) {
+  if (!archive->mapped_zip.ReadAtOffset(data_.data(), bytes, offset_)) {
     if (errno != 0) {
       ALOGE("Error reading from archive fd: %s", strerror(errno));
     } else {
@@ -104,6 +99,7 @@
   }
   computed_crc32_ = crc32(computed_crc32_, data_.data(), data_.size());
   length_ -= bytes;
+  offset_ += bytes;
   return &data_;
 }
 
@@ -129,9 +125,9 @@
   z_stream z_stream_;
   std::vector<uint8_t> in_;
   std::vector<uint8_t> out_;
-  uint32_t uncompressed_length_;
-  uint32_t compressed_length_;
-  uint32_t computed_crc32_;
+  uint32_t uncompressed_length_ = 0u;
+  uint32_t compressed_length_ = 0u;
+  uint32_t computed_crc32_ = 0u;
 };
 
 // This method is using libz macros with old-style-casts
@@ -162,8 +158,7 @@
   int zerr = zlib_inflateInit2(&z_stream_, -MAX_WBITS);
   if (zerr != Z_OK) {
     if (zerr == Z_VERSION_ERROR) {
-      ALOGE("Installed zlib is not compatible with linked version (%s)",
-        ZLIB_VERSION);
+      ALOGE("Installed zlib is not compatible with linked version (%s)", ZLIB_VERSION);
     } else {
       ALOGE("Call to inflateInit2 failed (zerr=%d)", zerr);
     }
@@ -193,13 +188,14 @@
 
 bool ZipArchiveStreamEntryCompressed::Verify() {
   return z_stream_init_ && uncompressed_length_ == 0 && compressed_length_ == 0 &&
-      crc32_ == computed_crc32_;
+         crc32_ == computed_crc32_;
 }
 
 const std::vector<uint8_t>* ZipArchiveStreamEntryCompressed::Read() {
   if (z_stream_.avail_out == 0) {
     z_stream_.next_out = out_.data();
-    z_stream_.avail_out = out_.size();;
+    z_stream_.avail_out = out_.size();
+    ;
   }
 
   while (true) {
@@ -210,7 +206,7 @@
       size_t bytes = (compressed_length_ > in_.size()) ? in_.size() : compressed_length_;
       ZipArchive* archive = reinterpret_cast<ZipArchive*>(handle_);
       errno = 0;
-      if (!archive->mapped_zip.ReadData(in_.data(), bytes)) {
+      if (!archive->mapped_zip.ReadAtOffset(in_.data(), bytes, offset_)) {
         if (errno != 0) {
           ALOGE("Error reading from archive fd: %s", strerror(errno));
         } else {
@@ -220,15 +216,15 @@
       }
 
       compressed_length_ -= bytes;
+      offset_ += bytes;
       z_stream_.next_in = in_.data();
       z_stream_.avail_in = bytes;
     }
 
     int zerr = inflate(&z_stream_, Z_NO_FLUSH);
     if (zerr != Z_OK && zerr != Z_STREAM_END) {
-      ALOGE("inflate zerr=%d (nIn=%p aIn=%u nOut=%p aOut=%u)",
-          zerr, z_stream_.next_in, z_stream_.avail_in,
-          z_stream_.next_out, z_stream_.avail_out);
+      ALOGE("inflate zerr=%d (nIn=%p aIn=%u nOut=%p aOut=%u)", zerr, z_stream_.next_in,
+            z_stream_.avail_in, z_stream_.next_out, z_stream_.avail_out);
       return nullptr;
     }
 
@@ -276,8 +272,8 @@
   return length_ == 0;
 }
 
-ZipArchiveStreamEntry* ZipArchiveStreamEntry::Create(
-    ZipArchiveHandle handle, const ZipEntry& entry) {
+ZipArchiveStreamEntry* ZipArchiveStreamEntry::Create(ZipArchiveHandle handle,
+                                                     const ZipEntry& entry) {
   ZipArchiveStreamEntry* stream = nullptr;
   if (entry.method != kCompressStored) {
     stream = new ZipArchiveStreamEntryCompressed(handle);
@@ -292,8 +288,8 @@
   return stream;
 }
 
-ZipArchiveStreamEntry* ZipArchiveStreamEntry::CreateRaw(
-    ZipArchiveHandle handle, const ZipEntry& entry) {
+ZipArchiveStreamEntry* ZipArchiveStreamEntry::CreateRaw(ZipArchiveHandle handle,
+                                                        const ZipEntry& entry) {
   ZipArchiveStreamEntry* stream = nullptr;
   if (entry.method == kCompressStored) {
     // Not compressed, don't need to do anything special.
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_archive_test.cc b/libziparchive/zip_archive_test.cc
index 52099c3..dbc14f0 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_archive_test.cc
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_archive_test.cc
@@ -40,23 +40,17 @@
 static const std::string kValidZip = "valid.zip";
 static const std::string kLargeZip = "large.zip";
 static const std::string kBadCrcZip = "bad_crc.zip";
+static const std::string kCrashApk = "crash.apk";
+static const std::string kBadFilenameZip = "bad_filename.zip";
 static const std::string kUpdateZip = "dummy-update.zip";
 
-static const std::vector<uint8_t> kATxtContents {
-  'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h',
-  'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h',
-  '\n'
-};
+static const std::vector<uint8_t> kATxtContents{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'a',
+                                                'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', '\n'};
 
-static const std::vector<uint8_t> kATxtContentsCompressed {
-  'K', 'L', 'J', 'N', 'I', 'M', 'K', 207, 'H',
-  132, 210, '\\', '\0'
-};
+static const std::vector<uint8_t> kATxtContentsCompressed{'K', 'L', 'J', 'N', 'I',  'M', 'K',
+                                                          207, 'H', 132, 210, '\\', '\0'};
 
-static const std::vector<uint8_t> kBTxtContents {
-  'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h',
-  '\n'
-};
+static const std::vector<uint8_t> kBTxtContents{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', '\n'};
 
 static const std::string kATxtName("a.txt");
 static const std::string kBTxtName("b.txt");
@@ -65,14 +59,12 @@
 static const std::string kLargeCompressTxtName("compress.txt");
 static const std::string kLargeUncompressTxtName("uncompress.txt");
 
-static int32_t OpenArchiveWrapper(const std::string& name,
-                                  ZipArchiveHandle* handle) {
+static int32_t OpenArchiveWrapper(const std::string& name, ZipArchiveHandle* handle) {
   const std::string abs_path = test_data_dir + "/" + name;
   return OpenArchive(abs_path.c_str(), handle);
 }
 
-static void AssertNameEquals(const std::string& name_str,
-                             const ZipString& name) {
+static void AssertNameEquals(const std::string& name_str, const ZipString& name) {
   ASSERT_EQ(name_str.size(), name.name_length);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(name_str.c_str(), name.name, name.name_length));
 }
@@ -85,7 +77,15 @@
 TEST(ziparchive, Open) {
   ZipArchiveHandle handle;
   ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveWrapper(kValidZip, &handle));
+  CloseArchive(handle);
 
+  ASSERT_EQ(-1, OpenArchiveWrapper(kBadFilenameZip, &handle));
+  CloseArchive(handle);
+}
+
+TEST(ziparchive, OutOfBound) {
+  ZipArchiveHandle handle;
+  ASSERT_EQ(-8, OpenArchiveWrapper(kCrashApk, &handle));
   CloseArchive(handle);
 }
 
@@ -335,47 +335,36 @@
 }
 
 static const uint32_t kEmptyEntriesZip[] = {
-      0x04034b50, 0x0000000a, 0x63600000, 0x00004438, 0x00000000, 0x00000000,
-      0x00090000, 0x6d65001c, 0x2e797470, 0x55747874, 0x03000954, 0x52e25c13,
-      0x52e25c24, 0x000b7875, 0x42890401, 0x88040000, 0x50000013, 0x1e02014b,
-      0x00000a03, 0x60000000, 0x00443863, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x09000000,
-      0x00001800, 0x00000000, 0xa0000000, 0x00000081, 0x706d6500, 0x742e7974,
-      0x54557478, 0x13030005, 0x7552e25c, 0x01000b78, 0x00428904, 0x13880400,
-      0x4b500000, 0x00000605, 0x00010000, 0x004f0001, 0x00430000, 0x00000000 };
+    0x04034b50, 0x0000000a, 0x63600000, 0x00004438, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00090000,
+    0x6d65001c, 0x2e797470, 0x55747874, 0x03000954, 0x52e25c13, 0x52e25c24, 0x000b7875,
+    0x42890401, 0x88040000, 0x50000013, 0x1e02014b, 0x00000a03, 0x60000000, 0x00443863,
+    0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x09000000, 0x00001800, 0x00000000, 0xa0000000, 0x00000081,
+    0x706d6500, 0x742e7974, 0x54557478, 0x13030005, 0x7552e25c, 0x01000b78, 0x00428904,
+    0x13880400, 0x4b500000, 0x00000605, 0x00010000, 0x004f0001, 0x00430000, 0x00000000};
 
 // This is a zip file containing a single entry (ab.txt) that contains
 // 90072 repetitions of the string "ab\n" and has an uncompressed length
 // of 270216 bytes.
 static const uint16_t kAbZip[] = {
-  0x4b50, 0x0403, 0x0014, 0x0000, 0x0008, 0x51d2, 0x4698, 0xc4b0,
-  0x2cda, 0x011b, 0x0000, 0x1f88, 0x0004, 0x0006, 0x001c, 0x6261,
-  0x742e, 0x7478, 0x5455, 0x0009, 0x7c03, 0x3a09, 0x7c55, 0x3a09,
-  0x7555, 0x0b78, 0x0100, 0x8904, 0x0042, 0x0400, 0x1388, 0x0000,
-  0xc2ed, 0x0d31, 0x0000, 0x030c, 0x7fa0, 0x3b2e, 0x22ff, 0xa2aa,
-  0x841f, 0x45fc, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
-  0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
-  0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
-  0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
-  0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
-  0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
-  0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
-  0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
-  0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
-  0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
-  0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
-  0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
-  0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
-  0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
-  0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
-  0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
-  0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0xdd55, 0x502c, 0x014b, 0x1e02,
-  0x1403, 0x0000, 0x0800, 0xd200, 0x9851, 0xb046, 0xdac4, 0x1b2c,
-  0x0001, 0x8800, 0x041f, 0x0600, 0x1800, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0100,
-  0x0000, 0xa000, 0x0081, 0x0000, 0x6100, 0x2e62, 0x7874, 0x5574,
-  0x0554, 0x0300, 0x097c, 0x553a, 0x7875, 0x000b, 0x0401, 0x4289,
-  0x0000, 0x8804, 0x0013, 0x5000, 0x054b, 0x0006, 0x0000, 0x0100,
-  0x0100, 0x4c00, 0x0000, 0x5b00, 0x0001, 0x0000, 0x0000
-};
+    0x4b50, 0x0403, 0x0014, 0x0000, 0x0008, 0x51d2, 0x4698, 0xc4b0, 0x2cda, 0x011b, 0x0000, 0x1f88,
+    0x0004, 0x0006, 0x001c, 0x6261, 0x742e, 0x7478, 0x5455, 0x0009, 0x7c03, 0x3a09, 0x7c55, 0x3a09,
+    0x7555, 0x0b78, 0x0100, 0x8904, 0x0042, 0x0400, 0x1388, 0x0000, 0xc2ed, 0x0d31, 0x0000, 0x030c,
+    0x7fa0, 0x3b2e, 0x22ff, 0xa2aa, 0x841f, 0x45fc, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
+    0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
+    0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
+    0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
+    0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
+    0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
+    0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
+    0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
+    0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
+    0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
+    0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555,
+    0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0x5555, 0xdd55, 0x502c, 0x014b, 0x1e02, 0x1403, 0x0000, 0x0800, 0xd200,
+    0x9851, 0xb046, 0xdac4, 0x1b2c, 0x0001, 0x8800, 0x041f, 0x0600, 0x1800, 0x0000, 0x0000, 0x0100,
+    0x0000, 0xa000, 0x0081, 0x0000, 0x6100, 0x2e62, 0x7874, 0x5574, 0x0554, 0x0300, 0x097c, 0x553a,
+    0x7875, 0x000b, 0x0401, 0x4289, 0x0000, 0x8804, 0x0013, 0x5000, 0x054b, 0x0006, 0x0000, 0x0100,
+    0x0100, 0x4c00, 0x0000, 0x5b00, 0x0001, 0x0000, 0x0000};
 
 static const std::string kAbTxtName("ab.txt");
 static const size_t kAbUncompressedSize = 270216;
@@ -396,7 +385,6 @@
   uint8_t buffer[1];
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ExtractToMemory(handle, &entry, buffer, 1));
 
-
   TemporaryFile tmp_output_file;
   ASSERT_NE(-1, tmp_output_file.fd);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ExtractEntryToFile(handle, &entry, tmp_output_file.fd));
@@ -410,7 +398,7 @@
   TemporaryFile tmp_file;
   ASSERT_NE(-1, tmp_file.fd);
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tmp_file.fd, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(kAbZip),
-                         sizeof(kAbZip) - 1));
+                                        sizeof(kAbZip) - 1));
   ZipArchiveHandle handle;
   ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "EntryLargerThan32KTest", &handle));
 
@@ -438,8 +426,7 @@
   // the same as the memory buffer we extracted directly to.
   std::vector<uint8_t> file_contents(kAbUncompressedSize);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek64(tmp_output_file.fd, 0, SEEK_SET));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFully(tmp_output_file.fd, &file_contents[0],
-                                       file_contents.size()));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFully(tmp_output_file.fd, &file_contents[0], file_contents.size()));
   ASSERT_EQ(file_contents, buffer);
 
   for (int i = 0; i < 90072; ++i) {
@@ -455,7 +442,7 @@
   ASSERT_NE(-1, tmp_file.fd);
 
   // Create a file with 8 bytes of random garbage.
-  static const uint8_t trailer[] = { 'A' ,'n', 'd', 'r', 'o', 'i', 'd', 'z' };
+  static const uint8_t trailer[] = {'A', 'n', 'd', 'r', 'o', 'i', 'd', 'z'};
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tmp_file.fd, kEmptyEntriesZip, sizeof(kEmptyEntriesZip)));
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tmp_file.fd, trailer, sizeof(trailer)));
 
@@ -466,7 +453,7 @@
 TEST(ziparchive, ExtractToFile) {
   TemporaryFile tmp_file;
   ASSERT_NE(-1, tmp_file.fd);
-  const uint8_t data[8] = { '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8' };
+  const uint8_t data[8] = {'1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8'};
   const size_t data_size = sizeof(data);
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tmp_file.fd, data, data_size));
@@ -480,7 +467,6 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0, FindEntry(handle, name, &entry));
   ASSERT_EQ(0, ExtractEntryToFile(handle, &entry, tmp_file.fd));
 
-
   // Assert that the first 8 bytes of the file haven't been clobbered.
   uint8_t read_buffer[data_size];
   ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek64(tmp_file.fd, 0, SEEK_SET));
@@ -489,10 +475,9 @@
 
   // Assert that the remainder of the file contains the incompressed data.
   std::vector<uint8_t> uncompressed_data(entry.uncompressed_length);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFully(tmp_file.fd, uncompressed_data.data(),
-                                       entry.uncompressed_length));
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(&uncompressed_data[0], kATxtContents.data(),
-                      kATxtContents.size()));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(
+      android::base::ReadFully(tmp_file.fd, uncompressed_data.data(), entry.uncompressed_length));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(&uncompressed_data[0], kATxtContents.data(), kATxtContents.size()));
 
   // Assert that the total length of the file is sane
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<ssize_t>(data_size + kATxtContents.size()),
@@ -509,7 +494,7 @@
 
   // Memory map the file first and open the archive from the memory region.
   android::FileMap file_map;
-  file_map.create(zip_path.c_str(), fd, 0/*offset*/, sb.st_size, true);
+  file_map.create(zip_path.c_str(), fd, 0 /*offset*/, sb.st_size, true);
   ZipArchiveHandle handle;
   ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveFromMemory(file_map.getDataPtr(), file_map.getDataLength(),
                                      zip_path.c_str(), &handle));
@@ -525,9 +510,8 @@
 }
 #endif
 
-static void ZipArchiveStreamTest(
-    ZipArchiveHandle& handle, const std::string& entry_name, bool raw,
-    bool verified, ZipEntry* entry, std::vector<uint8_t>* read_data) {
+static void ZipArchiveStreamTest(ZipArchiveHandle& handle, const std::string& entry_name, bool raw,
+                                 bool verified, ZipEntry* entry, std::vector<uint8_t>* read_data) {
   ZipString name;
   SetZipString(&name, entry_name);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, FindEntry(handle, name, entry));
@@ -556,9 +540,9 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(total_size, read_data->size());
 }
 
-static void ZipArchiveStreamTestUsingContents(
-    const std::string& zip_file, const std::string& entry_name,
-    const std::vector<uint8_t>& contents, bool raw) {
+static void ZipArchiveStreamTestUsingContents(const std::string& zip_file,
+                                              const std::string& entry_name,
+                                              const std::vector<uint8_t>& contents, bool raw) {
   ZipArchiveHandle handle;
   ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveWrapper(zip_file, &handle));
 
@@ -572,7 +556,8 @@
   CloseArchive(handle);
 }
 
-static void ZipArchiveStreamTestUsingMemory(const std::string& zip_file, const std::string& entry_name) {
+static void ZipArchiveStreamTestUsingMemory(const std::string& zip_file,
+                                            const std::string& entry_name) {
   ZipArchiveHandle handle;
   ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveWrapper(zip_file, &handle));
 
@@ -735,10 +720,8 @@
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
 
-  static struct option options[] = {
-    { "test_data_dir", required_argument, nullptr, 't' },
-    { nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0 }
-  };
+  static struct option options[] = {{"test_data_dir", required_argument, nullptr, 't'},
+                                    {nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0}};
 
   while (true) {
     int option_index;
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_writer.cc b/libziparchive/zip_writer.cc
index 6d28bdb..6ad3366 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_writer.cc
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_writer.cc
@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@
 
 #include "ziparchive/zip_writer.h"
 
-#include <cstdio>
 #include <sys/param.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <zlib.h>
-#define DEF_MEM_LEVEL 8                // normally in zutil.h?
+#include <cstdio>
+#define DEF_MEM_LEVEL 8  // normally in zutil.h?
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@
 #include "zip_archive_common.h"
 
 #if !defined(powerof2)
-#define powerof2(x) ((((x)-1)&(x))==0)
+#define powerof2(x) ((((x)-1) & (x)) == 0)
 #endif
 
 /* Zip compression methods we support */
 enum {
-  kCompressStored     = 0,        // no compression
-  kCompressDeflated   = 8,        // standard deflate
+  kCompressStored = 0,    // no compression
+  kCompressDeflated = 8,  // standard deflate
 };
 
 // Size of the output buffer used for compression.
@@ -67,10 +67,7 @@
 static const int32_t kInvalidAlignment = -6;
 
 static const char* sErrorCodes[] = {
-    "Invalid state",
-    "IO error",
-    "Invalid entry name",
-    "Zlib error",
+    "Invalid state", "IO error", "Invalid entry name", "Zlib error",
 };
 
 const char* ZipWriter::ErrorCodeString(int32_t error_code) {
@@ -85,9 +82,13 @@
   delete stream;
 }
 
-ZipWriter::ZipWriter(FILE* f) : file_(f), seekable_(false), current_offset_(0),
-                                state_(State::kWritingZip), z_stream_(nullptr, DeleteZStream),
-                                buffer_(kBufSize) {
+ZipWriter::ZipWriter(FILE* f)
+    : file_(f),
+      seekable_(false),
+      current_offset_(0),
+      state_(State::kWritingZip),
+      z_stream_(nullptr, DeleteZStream),
+      buffer_(kBufSize) {
   // Check if the file is seekable (regular file). If fstat fails, that's fine, subsequent calls
   // will fail as well.
   struct stat file_stats;
@@ -96,13 +97,14 @@
   }
 }
 
-ZipWriter::ZipWriter(ZipWriter&& writer) : file_(writer.file_),
-                                           seekable_(writer.seekable_),
-                                           current_offset_(writer.current_offset_),
-                                           state_(writer.state_),
-                                           files_(std::move(writer.files_)),
-                                           z_stream_(std::move(writer.z_stream_)),
-                                           buffer_(std::move(writer.buffer_)){
+ZipWriter::ZipWriter(ZipWriter&& writer)
+    : file_(writer.file_),
+      seekable_(writer.seekable_),
+      current_offset_(writer.current_offset_),
+      state_(writer.state_),
+      files_(std::move(writer.files_)),
+      z_stream_(std::move(writer.z_stream_)),
+      buffer_(std::move(writer.buffer_)) {
   writer.file_ = nullptr;
   writer.state_ = State::kError;
 }
@@ -154,10 +156,10 @@
 
   struct tm* ptm;
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
-    struct tm tm_result;
-    ptm = localtime_r(&when, &tm_result);
+  struct tm tm_result;
+  ptm = localtime_r(&when, &tm_result);
 #else
-    ptm = localtime(&when);
+  ptm = localtime(&when);
 #endif
 
   int year = ptm->tm_year;
@@ -193,8 +195,8 @@
   dst->extra_field_length = src.padding_length;
 }
 
-int32_t ZipWriter::StartAlignedEntryWithTime(const char* path, size_t flags,
-                                             time_t time, uint32_t alignment) {
+int32_t ZipWriter::StartAlignedEntryWithTime(const char* path, size_t flags, time_t time,
+                                             uint32_t alignment) {
   if (state_ != State::kWritingZip) {
     return kInvalidState;
   }
@@ -252,9 +254,8 @@
     return HandleError(kIoError);
   }
 
-  if (file_entry.padding_length != 0 &&
-      fwrite(zero_padding.data(), 1, file_entry.padding_length, file_)
-      != file_entry.padding_length) {
+  if (file_entry.padding_length != 0 && fwrite(zero_padding.data(), 1, file_entry.padding_length,
+                                               file_) != file_entry.padding_length) {
     return HandleError(kIoError);
   }
 
@@ -292,7 +293,7 @@
   CHECK(state_ == State::kWritingZip);
 
   // Initialize the z_stream for compression.
-  z_stream_ = std::unique_ptr<z_stream, void(*)(z_stream*)>(new z_stream(), DeleteZStream);
+  z_stream_ = std::unique_ptr<z_stream, void (*)(z_stream*)>(new z_stream(), DeleteZStream);
 
 #pragma GCC diagnostic push
 #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"
@@ -331,8 +332,8 @@
     return result;
   }
 
-  current_file_entry_.crc32 = crc32(current_file_entry_.crc32,
-                                    reinterpret_cast<const Bytef*>(data), len);
+  current_file_entry_.crc32 =
+      crc32(current_file_entry_.crc32, reinterpret_cast<const Bytef*>(data), len);
   current_file_entry_.uncompressed_size += len;
   return kNoError;
 }
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_writer_test.cc b/libziparchive/zip_writer_test.cc
index 9ad0252..c284273 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_writer_test.cc
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_writer_test.cc
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "ziparchive/zip_archive.h"
 #include "ziparchive/zip_writer.h"
+#include "ziparchive/zip_archive.h"
 
 #include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@
 
   ASSERT_EQ(0, writer.StartEntry("large.txt", 0));
   std::vector<uint8_t> data;
-  data.resize(1024*1024, 0xef);
+  data.resize(1024 * 1024, 0xef);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, writer.WriteBytes(data.data(), data.size()));
   ASSERT_EQ(0, writer.FinishEntry());
 
@@ -382,8 +382,9 @@
                                                             ZipArchiveHandle handle,
                                                             ZipEntry* zip_entry) {
   if (expected.size() != zip_entry->uncompressed_length) {
-    return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << "uncompressed entry size "
-        << zip_entry->uncompressed_length << " does not match expected size " << expected.size();
+    return ::testing::AssertionFailure()
+           << "uncompressed entry size " << zip_entry->uncompressed_length
+           << " does not match expected size " << expected.size();
   }
 
   std::string actual;
@@ -396,7 +397,7 @@
 
   if (expected != actual) {
     return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << "actual zip_entry data '" << actual
-        << "' does not match expected '" << expected << "'";
+                                         << "' does not match expected '" << expected << "'";
   }
   return ::testing::AssertionSuccess();
 }
diff --git a/logcat/Android.bp b/logcat/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..729c8ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/logcat/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2006-2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "logcat_defaults",
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libpcrecpp",
+    ],
+    logtags: ["event.logtags"],
+}
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "liblogcat",
+
+    defaults: ["logcat_defaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "logcat.cpp",
+        "getopt_long.cpp",
+        "logcat_system.cpp",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "logcat",
+
+    defaults: ["logcat_defaults"],
+    shared_libs: ["liblogcat"],
+    srcs: [
+        "logcat_main.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "logcatd",
+
+    defaults: ["logcat_defaults"],
+    shared_libs: ["liblogcat"],
+    srcs: [
+        "logcatd_main.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_prebuilt_binary {
+    name: "logpersist.start",
+    srcs: ["logpersist"],
+    init_rc: ["logcatd.rc"],
+    symlinks: ["logpersist.stop", "logpersist.cat"],
+    strip: {
+        none: true,
+    }
+}
diff --git a/logcat/Android.mk b/logcat/Android.mk
index 4e11ca9..a716993 100644
--- a/logcat/Android.mk
+++ b/logcat/Android.mk
@@ -2,48 +2,4 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
 
-logcatLibs := liblog libbase libcutils libpcrecpp
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := logcat
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := logcat_main.cpp event.logtags
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := liblogcat $(logcatLibs)
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Werror
-
-include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := logcatd
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := debug
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := logcatd_main.cpp event.logtags
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := liblogcat $(logcatLibs)
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Werror
-
-include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := liblogcat
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := logcat.cpp getopt_long.cpp logcat_system.cpp
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(logcatLibs)
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
-LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDE_DIRS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Werror
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := logpersist.start
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := debug
-LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := EXECUTABLES
-LOCAL_INIT_RC := logcatd.rc
-LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(bin_dir)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := logpersist
-ALL_TOOLS := logpersist.start logpersist.stop logpersist.cat
-LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD := $(hide) $(foreach t,$(filter-out $(LOCAL_MODULE),$(ALL_TOOLS)),ln -sf $(LOCAL_MODULE) $(TARGET_OUT)/bin/$(t);)
-include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
-
 include $(call first-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
diff --git a/logcat/logcat.cpp b/logcat/logcat.cpp
index e9ef9cc..3d56472 100644
--- a/logcat/logcat.cpp
+++ b/logcat/logcat.cpp
@@ -1019,7 +1019,6 @@
                 break;
 
             case 'm': {
-                char* end = nullptr;
                 if (!getSizeTArg(optctx.optarg, &context->maxCount)) {
                     logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE,
                                  "-%c \"%s\" isn't an "
@@ -1182,7 +1181,6 @@
                 std::unique_ptr<char, void (*)(void*)> formats(
                     strdup(optctx.optarg), free);
                 char* arg = formats.get();
-                unsigned idMask = 0;
                 char* sv = nullptr;  // protect against -ENOMEM above
                 while (!!(arg = strtok_r(arg, delimiters, &sv))) {
                     err = setLogFormat(context, arg);
@@ -1256,7 +1254,7 @@
                         // example: "qemu_pipe,pipe:logcat"
                         // upon opening of /dev/qemu_pipe, the "pipe:logcat"
                         // string with trailing '\0' should be written to the fd
-                        size_t pos = devname.find(",");
+                        size_t pos = devname.find(',');
                         if (pos != std::string::npos) {
                             pipePurpose = devname.substr(pos + 1);
                             devname = devname.substr(0, pos);
@@ -1638,7 +1636,7 @@
                 logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE, "read: unexpected length.\n");
                 break;
             }
-            logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE, "logcat read failure");
+            logcat_panic(context, HELP_FALSE, "logcat read failure\n");
             break;
         }
 
@@ -1733,7 +1731,7 @@
     pthread_attr_setschedparam(&attr, &param);
     pthread_attr_setschedpolicy(&attr, SCHED_BATCH);
     if (pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED)) {
-        int save_errno = errno;
+        save_errno = errno;
         goto pthread_attr_exit;
     }
 
@@ -1773,7 +1771,7 @@
     context->retval = EXIT_SUCCESS;
     if (pthread_create(&context->thr, &attr,
                        (void*(*)(void*))__logcat, context)) {
-        int save_errno = errno;
+        save_errno = errno;
         goto argv_exit;
     }
     pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
diff --git a/logcat/tests/liblogcat_test.cpp b/logcat/tests/liblogcat_test.cpp
index 9e9a2c2..c8a00da 100644
--- a/logcat/tests/liblogcat_test.cpp
+++ b/logcat/tests/liblogcat_test.cpp
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@
 #include <log/logcat.h>
 
 #define logcat_define(context) android_logcat_context context
-#define logcat_popen(context, command) android_logcat_popen(&context, command)
-#define logcat_pclose(context, fp) android_logcat_pclose(&context, fp)
+#define logcat_popen(context, command) android_logcat_popen(&(context), command)
+#define logcat_pclose(context, fp) android_logcat_pclose(&(context), fp)
 #define logcat_system(command) android_logcat_system(command)
 #define logcat liblogcat
 
diff --git a/logd/Android.bp b/logd/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68b79d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/logd/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// This is what we want to do:
+//  event_logtags = $(shell
+//    sed -n
+//        "s/^\([0-9]*\)[ \t]*$1[ \t].*/-D`echo $1 | tr a-z A-Z`_LOG_TAG=\1/p"
+//        $(LOCAL_PATH)/$2/event.logtags)
+//  event_flag := $(call event_logtags,auditd)
+//  event_flag += $(call event_logtags,logd)
+//  event_flag += $(call event_logtags,tag_def)
+// so make sure we do not regret hard-coding it as follows:
+event_flag = [
+    "-DAUDITD_LOG_TAG=1003",
+    "-DCHATTY_LOG_TAG=1004",
+    "-DTAG_DEF_LOG_TAG=1005",
+    "-DLIBLOG_LOG_TAG=1006"
+]
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "liblogd",
+
+    srcs: [
+        "LogCommand.cpp",
+        "CommandListener.cpp",
+        "LogListener.cpp",
+        "LogReader.cpp",
+        "FlushCommand.cpp",
+        "LogBuffer.cpp",
+        "LogBufferElement.cpp",
+        "LogBufferInterface.cpp",
+        "LogTimes.cpp",
+        "LogStatistics.cpp",
+        "LogWhiteBlackList.cpp",
+        "libaudit.c",
+        "LogAudit.cpp",
+        "LogKlog.cpp",
+        "LogTags.cpp",
+    ],
+    logtags: ["event.logtags"],
+
+    shared_libs: ["libbase"],
+
+    export_include_dirs: ["."],
+
+    cflags: ["-Werror"] + event_flag,
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "logd",
+    init_rc: ["logd.rc"],
+
+    srcs: ["main.cpp"],
+
+    static_libs: ["liblogd"],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libsysutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libbase",
+        "libpackagelistparser",
+        "libcap",
+    ],
+
+    cflags: ["-Werror"],
+}
diff --git a/logd/Android.mk b/logd/Android.mk
index fb51992..1bca891 100644
--- a/logd/Android.mk
+++ b/logd/Android.mk
@@ -2,73 +2,6 @@
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
-LOCAL_MODULE:= liblogd
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-    LogCommand.cpp \
-    CommandListener.cpp \
-    LogListener.cpp \
-    LogReader.cpp \
-    FlushCommand.cpp \
-    LogBuffer.cpp \
-    LogBufferElement.cpp \
-    LogBufferInterface.cpp \
-    LogTimes.cpp \
-    LogStatistics.cpp \
-    LogWhiteBlackList.cpp \
-    libaudit.c \
-    LogAudit.cpp \
-    LogKlog.cpp \
-    LogTags.cpp \
-    event.logtags
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
-    libbase
-
-LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDE_DIRS := $(LOCAL_PATH)
-
-# This is what we want to do:
-#  event_logtags = $(shell \
-#    sed -n \
-#        "s/^\([0-9]*\)[ \t]*$1[ \t].*/-D`echo $1 | tr a-z A-Z`_LOG_TAG=\1/p" \
-#        $(LOCAL_PATH)/$2/event.logtags)
-#  event_flag := $(call event_logtags,auditd)
-#  event_flag += $(call event_logtags,logd)
-#  event_flag += $(call event_logtags,tag_def)
-# so make sure we do not regret hard-coding it as follows:
-event_flag := -DAUDITD_LOG_TAG=1003 -DCHATTY_LOG_TAG=1004 -DTAG_DEF_LOG_TAG=1005
-event_flag += -DLIBLOG_LOG_TAG=1006
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Werror $(event_flag)
-
-include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= logd
-
-LOCAL_INIT_RC := logd.rc
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-    main.cpp
-
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := \
-    liblogd
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
-    libsysutils \
-    liblog \
-    libcutils \
-    libbase \
-    libpackagelistparser \
-    libcap
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Werror
-
-include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
 LOCAL_MODULE := logtagd.rc
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
diff --git a/logd/LogAudit.cpp b/logd/LogAudit.cpp
index ee38d1c..cfcbaa5 100644
--- a/logd/LogAudit.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogAudit.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,11 @@
 #include <sys/uio.h>
 #include <syslog.h>
 
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <log/log_properties.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 #include <private/android_logger.h>
 
@@ -138,6 +142,71 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+static inline bool hasMetadata(char* str, int str_len) {
+    // need to check and see if str already contains bug metadata from
+    // possibility of stuttering if log audit crashes and then reloads kernel
+    // messages. Kernel denials that contain metadata will either end in
+    // "b/[0-9]+$" or "b/[0-9]+  duplicate messages suppressed$" which will put
+    // a '/' character at either 9 or 39 indices away from the end of the str.
+    return str_len >= 39 &&
+           (str[str_len - 9] == '/' || str[str_len - 39] == '/');
+}
+
+std::map<std::string, std::string> LogAudit::populateDenialMap() {
+    std::ifstream bug_file("/system/etc/selinux/selinux_denial_metadata");
+    std::string line;
+    // allocate a map for the static map pointer in logParse to keep track of,
+    // this function only runs once
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> denial_to_bug;
+    if (bug_file.good()) {
+        std::string scontext;
+        std::string tcontext;
+        std::string tclass;
+        std::string bug_num;
+        while (std::getline(bug_file, line)) {
+            std::stringstream split_line(line);
+            split_line >> scontext >> tcontext >> tclass >> bug_num;
+            denial_to_bug.emplace(scontext + tcontext + tclass, bug_num);
+        }
+    }
+    return denial_to_bug;
+}
+
+std::string LogAudit::denialParse(const std::string& denial, char terminator,
+                                  const std::string& search_term) {
+    size_t start_index = denial.find(search_term);
+    if (start_index != std::string::npos) {
+        start_index += search_term.length();
+        return denial.substr(
+            start_index, denial.find(terminator, start_index) - start_index);
+    }
+    return "";
+}
+
+void LogAudit::logParse(const std::string& string, std::string* bug_num) {
+    if (!__android_log_is_debuggable()) {
+        bug_num->assign("");
+        return;
+    }
+    static std::map<std::string, std::string> denial_to_bug =
+        populateDenialMap();
+    std::string scontext = denialParse(string, ':', "scontext=u:object_r:");
+    std::string tcontext = denialParse(string, ':', "tcontext=u:object_r:");
+    std::string tclass = denialParse(string, ' ', "tclass=");
+    if (scontext.empty()) {
+        scontext = denialParse(string, ':', "scontext=u:r:");
+    }
+    if (tcontext.empty()) {
+        tcontext = denialParse(string, ':', "tcontext=u:r:");
+    }
+    auto search = denial_to_bug.find(scontext + tcontext + tclass);
+    if (search != denial_to_bug.end()) {
+        bug_num->assign(" b/" + search->second);
+    } else {
+        bug_num->assign("");
+    }
+}
+
 int LogAudit::logPrint(const char* fmt, ...) {
     if (fmt == NULL) {
         return -EINVAL;
@@ -153,7 +222,6 @@
     if (rc < 0) {
         return rc;
     }
-
     char* cp;
     // Work around kernels missing
     // https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/b8f89caafeb55fba75b74bea25adc4e4cd91be67
@@ -165,10 +233,10 @@
     while ((cp = strstr(str, "  "))) {
         memmove(cp, cp + 1, strlen(cp + 1) + 1);
     }
-
     bool info = strstr(str, " permissive=1") || strstr(str, " policy loaded ");
+    static std::string bug_metadata;
     if ((fdDmesg >= 0) && initialized) {
-        struct iovec iov[3];
+        struct iovec iov[4];
         static const char log_info[] = { KMSG_PRIORITY(LOG_INFO) };
         static const char log_warning[] = { KMSG_PRIORITY(LOG_WARNING) };
         static const char newline[] = "\n";
@@ -197,19 +265,20 @@
             }
             if (!skip) {
                 static const char resume[] = " duplicate messages suppressed\n";
-
                 iov[0].iov_base = last_info ? const_cast<char*>(log_info)
                                             : const_cast<char*>(log_warning);
                 iov[0].iov_len =
                     last_info ? sizeof(log_info) : sizeof(log_warning);
                 iov[1].iov_base = last_str;
                 iov[1].iov_len = strlen(last_str);
+                iov[2].iov_base = const_cast<char*>(bug_metadata.c_str());
+                iov[2].iov_len = bug_metadata.length();
                 if (count > 1) {
-                    iov[2].iov_base = const_cast<char*>(resume);
-                    iov[2].iov_len = strlen(resume);
+                    iov[3].iov_base = const_cast<char*>(resume);
+                    iov[3].iov_len = strlen(resume);
                 } else {
-                    iov[2].iov_base = const_cast<char*>(newline);
-                    iov[2].iov_len = strlen(newline);
+                    iov[3].iov_base = const_cast<char*>(newline);
+                    iov[3].iov_len = strlen(newline);
                 }
 
                 writev(fdDmesg, iov, arraysize(iov));
@@ -223,13 +292,16 @@
             last_info = info;
         }
         if (count == 0) {
+            logParse(str, &bug_metadata);
             iov[0].iov_base = info ? const_cast<char*>(log_info)
                                    : const_cast<char*>(log_warning);
             iov[0].iov_len = info ? sizeof(log_info) : sizeof(log_warning);
             iov[1].iov_base = str;
             iov[1].iov_len = strlen(str);
-            iov[2].iov_base = const_cast<char*>(newline);
-            iov[2].iov_len = strlen(newline);
+            iov[2].iov_base = const_cast<char*>(bug_metadata.c_str());
+            iov[2].iov_len = bug_metadata.length();
+            iov[3].iov_base = const_cast<char*>(newline);
+            iov[3].iov_len = strlen(newline);
 
             writev(fdDmesg, iov, arraysize(iov));
         }
@@ -285,24 +357,32 @@
 
     // log to events
 
-    size_t l = strnlen(str, LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD);
-    size_t n = l + sizeof(android_log_event_string_t);
+    size_t str_len = strnlen(str, LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD);
+    if (((fdDmesg < 0) || !initialized) && !hasMetadata(str, str_len))
+        logParse(str, &bug_metadata);
+    str_len = (str_len + bug_metadata.length() <= LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD)
+                  ? str_len + bug_metadata.length()
+                  : LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD;
+    size_t message_len = str_len + sizeof(android_log_event_string_t);
 
     bool notify = false;
 
     if (events) {  // begin scope for event buffer
-        uint32_t buffer[(n + sizeof(uint32_t) - 1) / sizeof(uint32_t)];
+        uint32_t buffer[(message_len + sizeof(uint32_t) - 1) / sizeof(uint32_t)];
 
         android_log_event_string_t* event =
             reinterpret_cast<android_log_event_string_t*>(buffer);
         event->header.tag = htole32(AUDITD_LOG_TAG);
         event->type = EVENT_TYPE_STRING;
-        event->length = htole32(l);
-        memcpy(event->data, str, l);
+        event->length = htole32(message_len);
+        memcpy(event->data, str, str_len - bug_metadata.length());
+        memcpy(event->data + str_len - bug_metadata.length(),
+               bug_metadata.c_str(), bug_metadata.length());
 
-        rc = logbuf->log(LOG_ID_EVENTS, now, uid, pid, tid,
-                         reinterpret_cast<char*>(event),
-                         (n <= USHRT_MAX) ? (unsigned short)n : USHRT_MAX);
+        rc = logbuf->log(
+            LOG_ID_EVENTS, now, uid, pid, tid, reinterpret_cast<char*>(event),
+            (message_len <= USHRT_MAX) ? (unsigned short)message_len
+                                       : USHRT_MAX);
         if (rc >= 0) {
             notify = true;
         }
@@ -333,28 +413,31 @@
     const char* ecomm = strchr(comm, '"');
     if (ecomm) {
         ++ecomm;
-        l = ecomm - comm;
+        str_len = ecomm - comm;
     } else {
-        l = strlen(comm) + 1;
+        str_len = strlen(comm) + 1;
         ecomm = "";
     }
-    size_t b = estr - str;
-    if (b > LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD) {
-        b = LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD;
+    size_t prefix_len = estr - str;
+    if (prefix_len > LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD) {
+        prefix_len = LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD;
     }
-    size_t e = strnlen(ecomm, LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD - b);
-    n = b + e + l + 2;
+    size_t suffix_len = strnlen(ecomm, LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD - prefix_len);
+    message_len = str_len + prefix_len + suffix_len + bug_metadata.length() + 2;
 
     if (main) {  // begin scope for main buffer
-        char newstr[n];
+        char newstr[message_len];
 
         *newstr = info ? ANDROID_LOG_INFO : ANDROID_LOG_WARN;
-        strlcpy(newstr + 1, comm, l);
-        strncpy(newstr + 1 + l, str, b);
-        strncpy(newstr + 1 + l + b, ecomm, e);
+        strlcpy(newstr + 1, comm, str_len);
+        strncpy(newstr + 1 + str_len, str, prefix_len);
+        strncpy(newstr + 1 + str_len + prefix_len, ecomm, suffix_len);
+        strncpy(newstr + 1 + str_len + prefix_len + suffix_len,
+                bug_metadata.c_str(), bug_metadata.length());
 
         rc = logbuf->log(LOG_ID_MAIN, now, uid, pid, tid, newstr,
-                         (n <= USHRT_MAX) ? (unsigned short)n : USHRT_MAX);
+                         (message_len <= USHRT_MAX) ? (unsigned short)message_len
+                                                    : USHRT_MAX);
 
         if (rc >= 0) {
             notify = true;
@@ -368,7 +451,7 @@
     if (notify) {
         reader->notifyNewLog();
         if (rc < 0) {
-            rc = n;
+            rc = message_len;
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/logd/LogAudit.h b/logd/LogAudit.h
index 5947819..2bd02d4 100644
--- a/logd/LogAudit.h
+++ b/logd/LogAudit.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef _LOGD_LOG_AUDIT_H__
 #define _LOGD_LOG_AUDIT_H__
 
+#include <map>
 #include <queue>
 
 #include <sysutils/SocketListener.h>
@@ -50,6 +51,10 @@
 
    private:
     static int getLogSocket();
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> populateDenialMap();
+    std::string denialParse(const std::string& denial, char terminator,
+                            const std::string& search_term);
+    void logParse(const std::string& string, std::string* bug_num);
     int logPrint(const char* fmt, ...)
         __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, 2, 3)));
 };
diff --git a/logd/LogBuffer.cpp b/logd/LogBuffer.cpp
index 76a4aff..7498325 100644
--- a/logd/LogBuffer.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogBuffer.cpp
@@ -165,15 +165,17 @@
             (lenl == sizeof(android_log_event_int_t)) &&
             !fastcmp<memcmp>(msgl, msgr, sizeof(android_log_event_int_t) -
                                              sizeof(int32_t)) &&
-            (elem->getTag() == LIBLOG_LOG_TAG))
+            (elem->getTag() == LIBLOG_LOG_TAG)) {
             return SAME_LIBLOG;
+        }
     }
 
     // audit message (except sequence number) identical?
     if (last->isBinary()) {
         if (fastcmp<memcmp>(msgl, msgr, sizeof(android_log_event_string_t) -
-                                            sizeof(int32_t)))
+                                            sizeof(int32_t))) {
             return DIFFERENT;
+        }
         msgl += sizeof(android_log_event_string_t);
         lenl -= sizeof(android_log_event_string_t);
         msgr += sizeof(android_log_event_string_t);
diff --git a/logd/LogBufferElement.cpp b/logd/LogBufferElement.cpp
index 381c974..f20ac45 100644
--- a/logd/LogBufferElement.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogBufferElement.cpp
@@ -41,22 +41,20 @@
       mTid(tid),
       mRealTime(realtime),
       mMsgLen(len),
-      mLogId(log_id) {
+      mLogId(log_id),
+      mDropped(false) {
     mMsg = new char[len];
     memcpy(mMsg, msg, len);
-    mTag = (isBinary() && (mMsgLen >= sizeof(uint32_t)))
-               ? le32toh(reinterpret_cast<android_event_header_t*>(mMsg)->tag)
-               : 0;
 }
 
 LogBufferElement::LogBufferElement(const LogBufferElement& elem)
-    : mTag(elem.mTag),
-      mUid(elem.mUid),
+    : mUid(elem.mUid),
       mPid(elem.mPid),
       mTid(elem.mTid),
       mRealTime(elem.mRealTime),
       mMsgLen(elem.mMsgLen),
-      mLogId(elem.mLogId) {
+      mLogId(elem.mLogId),
+      mDropped(elem.mDropped) {
     mMsg = new char[mMsgLen];
     memcpy(mMsg, elem.mMsg, mMsgLen);
 }
@@ -65,6 +63,32 @@
     delete[] mMsg;
 }
 
+uint32_t LogBufferElement::getTag() const {
+    return (isBinary() &&
+            ((mDropped && mMsg != nullptr) ||
+             (!mDropped && mMsgLen >= sizeof(android_event_header_t))))
+               ? reinterpret_cast<const android_event_header_t*>(mMsg)->tag
+               : 0;
+}
+
+unsigned short LogBufferElement::setDropped(unsigned short value) {
+    // The tag information is saved in mMsg data, if the tag is non-zero
+    // save only the information needed to get the tag.
+    if (getTag() != 0) {
+        if (mMsgLen > sizeof(android_event_header_t)) {
+            char* truncated_msg = new char[sizeof(android_event_header_t)];
+            memcpy(truncated_msg, mMsg, sizeof(android_event_header_t));
+            delete[] mMsg;
+            mMsg = truncated_msg;
+        }  // mMsgLen == sizeof(android_event_header_t), already at minimum.
+    } else {
+        delete[] mMsg;
+        mMsg = nullptr;
+    }
+    mDropped = true;
+    return mDroppedCount = value;
+}
+
 // caller must own and free character string
 char* android::tidToName(pid_t tid) {
     char* retval = NULL;
@@ -164,8 +188,8 @@
     // identical to below to calculate the buffer size required
     const char* type = lastSame ? "identical" : "expire";
     size_t len = snprintf(NULL, 0, format_uid, mUid, name ? name : "",
-                          commName ? commName : "", type, mDropped,
-                          (mDropped > 1) ? "s" : "");
+                          commName ? commName : "", type, getDropped(),
+                          (getDropped() > 1) ? "s" : "");
 
     size_t hdrLen;
     if (isBinary()) {
@@ -196,8 +220,8 @@
     }
 
     snprintf(buffer + hdrLen, len + 1, format_uid, mUid, name ? name : "",
-             commName ? commName : "", type, mDropped,
-             (mDropped > 1) ? "s" : "");
+             commName ? commName : "", type, getDropped(),
+             (getDropped() > 1) ? "s" : "");
     free(const_cast<char*>(name));
     free(const_cast<char*>(commName));
 
@@ -225,7 +249,7 @@
 
     char* buffer = NULL;
 
-    if (!mMsg) {
+    if (mDropped) {
         entry.len = populateDroppedMessage(buffer, parent, lastSame);
         if (!entry.len) return mRealTime;
         iovec[1].iov_base = buffer;
diff --git a/logd/LogBufferElement.h b/logd/LogBufferElement.h
index 814ec87..b168645 100644
--- a/logd/LogBufferElement.h
+++ b/logd/LogBufferElement.h
@@ -32,25 +32,25 @@
                                   // chatty for the temporal expire messages
 #define EXPIRE_RATELIMIT 10  // maximum rate in seconds to report expiration
 
-class LogBufferElement {
+class __attribute__((packed)) LogBufferElement {
     friend LogBuffer;
 
     // sized to match reality of incoming log packets
-    uint32_t mTag;  // only valid for isBinary()
     const uint32_t mUid;
     const uint32_t mPid;
     const uint32_t mTid;
     log_time mRealTime;
     char* mMsg;
     union {
-        const uint16_t mMsgLen;  // mMSg != NULL
-        uint16_t mDropped;       // mMsg == NULL
+        const uint16_t mMsgLen;  // mDropped == false
+        uint16_t mDroppedCount;  // mDropped == true
     };
     const uint8_t mLogId;
+    bool mDropped;
 
     static atomic_int_fast64_t sequence;
 
-    // assumption: mMsg == NULL
+    // assumption: mDropped == true
     size_t populateDroppedMessage(char*& buffer, LogBuffer* parent,
                                   bool lastSame);
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
     LogBufferElement(log_id_t log_id, log_time realtime, uid_t uid, pid_t pid,
                      pid_t tid, const char* msg, unsigned short len);
     LogBufferElement(const LogBufferElement& elem);
-    virtual ~LogBufferElement();
+    ~LogBufferElement();
 
     bool isBinary(void) const {
         return (mLogId == LOG_ID_EVENTS) || (mLogId == LOG_ID_SECURITY);
@@ -76,24 +76,16 @@
     pid_t getTid(void) const {
         return mTid;
     }
-    uint32_t getTag() const {
-        return mTag;
-    }
+    uint32_t getTag() const;
     unsigned short getDropped(void) const {
-        return mMsg ? 0 : mDropped;
+        return mDropped ? mDroppedCount : 0;
     }
-    unsigned short setDropped(unsigned short value) {
-        if (mMsg) {
-            delete[] mMsg;
-            mMsg = NULL;
-        }
-        return mDropped = value;
-    }
+    unsigned short setDropped(unsigned short value);
     unsigned short getMsgLen() const {
-        return mMsg ? mMsgLen : 0;
+        return mDropped ? 0 : mMsgLen;
     }
     const char* getMsg() const {
-        return mMsg;
+        return mDropped ? nullptr : mMsg;
     }
     log_time getRealTime(void) const {
         return mRealTime;
diff --git a/logd/tests/logd_test.cpp b/logd/tests/logd_test.cpp
index 4397b14..8ee5ea1 100644
--- a/logd/tests/logd_test.cpp
+++ b/logd/tests/logd_test.cpp
@@ -646,16 +646,20 @@
                 recv(fd, msg_timeout.buf, sizeof(msg_timeout), 0) > 0;
         }
 
-        alarm_timeout =
-            alarm((old_alarm <= 0) ? old_alarm
-                                   : (old_alarm > (1 + 3 - alarm_wrap))
-                                         ? old_alarm - 3 + alarm_wrap
-                                         : 2);
+        if (old_alarm > 0) {
+            unsigned int time_spent = 3 - alarm_wrap;
+            if (old_alarm > time_spent + 1) {
+                old_alarm -= time_spent;
+            } else {
+                old_alarm = 2;
+            }
+        }
+        alarm_timeout = alarm(old_alarm);
         sigaction(SIGALRM, &old_sigaction, nullptr);
 
         close(fd);
 
-        if (!content_wrap && !alarm_wrap && content_timeout && alarm_timeout) {
+        if (content_wrap && alarm_wrap && content_timeout && alarm_timeout) {
             break;
         }
     }
@@ -710,8 +714,8 @@
     // A few tries to get it right just in case wrap kicks in due to
     // content providers being active during the test.
     int i = 5;
-    log_time now(android_log_clockid());
-    now.tv_sec -= 30;  // reach back a moderate period of time
+    log_time start(android_log_clockid());
+    start.tv_sec -= 30;  // reach back a moderate period of time
 
     while (--i) {
         int fd = socket_local_client("logdr", ANDROID_SOCKET_NAMESPACE_RESERVED,
@@ -726,7 +730,7 @@
         std::string ask = android::base::StringPrintf(
             "dumpAndClose lids=0,1,2,3,4,5 timeout=6 start=%" PRIu32
             ".%09" PRIu32,
-            now.tv_sec, now.tv_nsec);
+            start.tv_sec, start.tv_nsec);
 
         struct sigaction ignore, old_sigaction;
         memset(&ignore, 0, sizeof(ignore));
@@ -756,11 +760,15 @@
                 recv(fd, msg_timeout.buf, sizeof(msg_timeout), 0) > 0;
         }
 
-        alarm_timeout =
-            alarm((old_alarm <= 0) ? old_alarm
-                                   : (old_alarm > (1 + 3 - alarm_wrap))
-                                         ? old_alarm - 3 + alarm_wrap
-                                         : 2);
+        if (old_alarm > 0) {
+            unsigned int time_spent = 3 - alarm_wrap;
+            if (old_alarm > time_spent + 1) {
+                old_alarm -= time_spent;
+            } else {
+                old_alarm = 2;
+            }
+        }
+        alarm_timeout = alarm(old_alarm);
         sigaction(SIGALRM, &old_sigaction, nullptr);
 
         close(fd);
@@ -773,23 +781,23 @@
         // active _or_ inactive during the test.
         if (content_timeout) {
             log_time msg(msg_timeout.entry.sec, msg_timeout.entry.nsec);
-            if (msg < now) {
+            if (msg < start) {
                 fprintf(stderr, "%u.%09u < %u.%09u\n", msg_timeout.entry.sec,
-                        msg_timeout.entry.nsec, (unsigned)now.tv_sec,
-                        (unsigned)now.tv_nsec);
+                        msg_timeout.entry.nsec, (unsigned)start.tv_sec,
+                        (unsigned)start.tv_nsec);
                 _exit(-1);
             }
-            if (msg > now) {
-                now = msg;
-                now.tv_sec += 30;
-                msg = log_time(android_log_clockid());
-                if (now > msg) {
-                    now = msg;
-                    --now.tv_sec;
+            if (msg > start) {
+                start = msg;
+                start.tv_sec += 30;
+                log_time now = log_time(android_log_clockid());
+                if (start > now) {
+                    start = now;
+                    --start.tv_sec;
                 }
             }
         } else {
-            now.tv_sec -= 120;  // inactive, reach further back!
+            start.tv_sec -= 120;  // inactive, reach further back!
         }
     }
 
@@ -802,8 +810,8 @@
     }
 
     if (content_wrap || !content_timeout) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "now=%" PRIu32 ".%09" PRIu32 "\n", now.tv_sec,
-                now.tv_nsec);
+        fprintf(stderr, "start=%" PRIu32 ".%09" PRIu32 "\n", start.tv_sec,
+                start.tv_nsec);
     }
 
     EXPECT_TRUE(written);
diff --git a/reboot/reboot.c b/reboot/reboot.c
index 007dfba..f0cf40c 100644
--- a/reboot/reboot.c
+++ b/reboot/reboot.c
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
 
     if (argc > optind)
         optarg = argv[optind];
+    if (!optarg || !optarg[0]) optarg = "shell";
 
     prop_len = snprintf(property_val, sizeof(property_val), "%s,%s", cmd, optarg);
     if (prop_len >= sizeof(property_val)) {
diff --git a/rootdir/Android.mk b/rootdir/Android.mk
index 86fec6a..48a46c6 100644
--- a/rootdir/Android.mk
+++ b/rootdir/Android.mk
@@ -173,4 +173,18 @@
 
 bcp_md5 :=
 bcp_dep :=
+
 #######################################
+# ld.config.txt
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+
+LOCAL_MODULE := ld.config.txt
+ifeq ($(PRODUCT_FULL_TREBLE),true)
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := etc/ld.config.txt
+else
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := etc/ld.config.legacy.txt
+endif
+LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
+LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_ETC)
+LOCAL_MODULE_STEM := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
+include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
diff --git a/rootdir/asan.options b/rootdir/asan.options
index d728f12..a264d2d 100644
--- a/rootdir/asan.options
+++ b/rootdir/asan.options
@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@
 detect_container_overflow=0
 abort_on_error=1
 include_if_exists=/system/asan.options.%b
+include_if_exists=/data/asan/system/asan.options.%b
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c22edfe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Bionic loader config file.
+# This gives the exactly the same namespace setup in pre-O.
+#
+
+# All binaries gets the same configuration 'legacy'
+dir.legacy = /system
+dir.legacy = /vendor
+dir.legacy = /sbin
+
+[legacy]
+namespace.default.isolated = false
+namespace.default.search.paths = /system/${LIB}:/vendor/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths = /data/asan/system/${LIB}:/system/${LIB}:/data/asan/vendor/${LIB}:/vendor/${LIB}
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt
index e3468ca..436589e 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt
@@ -3,45 +3,111 @@
 # Bionic loader config file.
 #
 
-#dir.vendor=/vendor/bin/
-#dir.system=/system/bin/
-
-[vendor]
-
-# When this flag is set to true linker will
-# set target_sdk_version for this binary to
-# the version specified in <dirname>/.version
-# file, where <dirname> = dirname(executable_path)
-#
-# default value is false
-enable.target.sdk.version = true
-
-# There is always the default namespace no
-# need to mention it in this list
-additional.namespaces=system
-
-# Is the namespace isolated
-namespace.default.isolated = true
-namespace.default.search.paths = /vendor/${LIB}
-
-# TODO: property for asan search path?
-namespace.default.permitted.paths = /vendor/${LIB}
-namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths = /data/vendor/${LIB}
-namespace.default.links = system
-
-# Todo complete this list
-namespace.default.link.system.shared_libs = libc.so:libm.so:libdl.so:libstdc++.so
-
-namespace.system.isolated = true
-namespace.system.search.paths = /system/${LIB}:/system/${LIB}/framework
-namespace.system.permitted.paths = /system/${LIB}
+# Don't change the order here.
+dir.system = /system/bin/
+dir.system = /system/xbin/
+dir.vendor = /vendor/bin/
 
 [system]
-namespace.default.isolated = true
-namespace.default.search.paths = /system/${LIB}
-namespace.default.permitted.paths = /system/${LIB}
+additional.namespaces = sphal,vndk,rs
 
-# app_process will setup additional vendor namespace manually.
-# Note that zygote will need vendor namespace to setup list of public
-# libraries provided by vendors to apps.
+###############################################################################
+# "default" namespace
+#
+# Framework-side code runs in this namespace. Anything from /vendor partition
+# can't be loaded in this namespace.
+###############################################################################
+namespace.default.isolated = false
+namespace.default.search.paths = /system/${LIB}:/vendor/${LIB}
+namespace.default.permitted.paths = /system/${LIB}:/vendor/${LIB}
 
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths = /data/asan/system/${LIB}:/system/${LIB}:/data/asan/vendor/${LIB}:/vendor/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths = /data/asan/system/${LIB}:/system/${LIB}:/data/asan/vendor/${LIB}:/vendor/${LIB}
+
+# TODO(b/37013858): remove all dependencies to /vendor/lib from system processes
+# When this is done, comment out following three lines and remove the three
+# lines above
+#namespace.default.isolated = true
+#namespace.default.search.paths = /system/${LIB}
+#namespace.default.permitted.paths = /system/${LIB}
+#
+#namespace.default.asan.search.paths = /data/asan/system/${LIB}:/system/${LIB}
+#namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths = /data/asan/system/${LIB}:/system/${LIB}
+
+###############################################################################
+# "sphal" namespace
+#
+# SP-HAL(Sameprocess-HAL)s are the only vendor libraries that are allowed to be
+# loaded inside system processes. libEGL_<chipset>.so, libGLESv2_<chipset>.so,
+# android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0-impl.so, etc are SP-HALs.
+#
+# This namespace is exclusivly for SP-HALs. When the framework tries to dynami-
+# cally load SP-HALs, android_dlopen_ext() is used to explicitly specifying
+# that they should be searched and loaded from this namespace.
+#
+# Note that there is no link from the default namespace to this namespace.
+###############################################################################
+namespace.sphal.isolated = true
+namespace.sphal.visible = true
+namespace.sphal.search.paths = /vendor/${LIB}/egl:/vendor/${LIB}/hw:/vendor/${LIB}
+namespace.sphal.permitted.paths = /vendor/${LIB}
+
+namespace.sphal.asan.search.paths = /data/asan/vendor/${LIB}/egl:/vendor/${LIB}/egl:/data/asan/vendor/${LIB}/hw:/vendor/${LIB}/hw:/data/asan/vendor/${LIB}:/vendor/${LIB}
+namespace.sphal.asan.permitted.paths = /data/asan/vendor/${LIB}:/vendor/${LIB}
+
+# Once in this namespace, access to libraries in /system/lib is restricted. Only
+# libs listed here can be used.
+namespace.sphal.links = default,vndk,rs
+
+# WARNING: only NDK libs can be listed here.
+namespace.sphal.link.default.shared_libs = libc.so:libz.so:libm.so:libdl.so:libstdc++.so:liblog.so:libnativewindow.so:libEGL.so:libsync.so:libGLESv1_CM.so:libGLESv2.so:libvndksupport.so
+
+# WARNING: only VNDK-SP libs can be listed here. DO NOT EDIT this line.
+namespace.sphal.link.vndk.shared_libs = android.hardware.renderscript@1.0.so:android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0.so:android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0.so:android.hardware.graphics.common@1.0.so:android.hidl.memory@1.0.so:libhwbinder.so:libbase.so:libcutils.so:libhardware.so:libhidlbase.so:libhidlmemory.so:libhidltransport.so:libion.so:libutils.so:libc++.so
+
+# Renderscript gets separate namespace
+namespace.sphal.link.rs.shared_libs = libRS_internal.so
+
+###############################################################################
+# "rs" namespace
+#
+# This namespace is exclusively for Renderscript internal libraries.
+# This namespace has slightly looser restriction than the vndk namespace because
+# of the genuine characteristics of Renderscript; /data is in the permitted path
+# to load the compiled *.so file and libmediandk.so can be used here.
+###############################################################################
+namespace.rs.isolated = true
+namespace.rs.search.paths = /vendor/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/vendor/${LIB}
+namespace.rs.permitted.paths = /vendor/${LIB}:/data
+
+namespace.rs.asan.search.paths = /data/asan/vendor/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/vendor/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/data/asan/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/data/asan/vendor/${LIB}:/vendor/${LIB}
+namespace.rs.asan.permitted.paths = /data/asan/vendor/${LIB}:/vendor/${LIB}:/data
+
+namespace.rs.links = default,vndk
+namespace.rs.link.default.shared_libs = libc.so:libz.so:libm.so:libdl.so:libstdc++.so:liblog.so:libnativewindow.so:libEGL.so:libsync.so:libGLESv1_CM.so:libGLESv2.so:libmediandk.so:libui.so:libvndksupport.so
+namespace.rs.link.vndk.shared_libs = android.hardware.renderscript@1.0.so:android.hardware.graphics.allocator@2.0.so:android.hardware.graphics.mapper@2.0.so:android.hardware.graphics.common@1.0.so:android.hidl.memory@1.0.so:libhwbinder.so:libbase.so:libcutils.so:libhardware.so:libhidlbase.so:libhidlmemory.so:libhidltransport.so:libion.so:libutils.so:libc++.so
+
+###############################################################################
+# "vndk" namespace
+#
+# This namespace is exclusively for vndk-sp libs.
+###############################################################################
+namespace.vndk.isolated = true
+namespace.vndk.search.paths = /vendor/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/vendor/${LIB}
+namespace.vndk.permitted.paths = /vendor/${LIB}/hw:/vendor/${LIB}/egl
+
+namespace.vndk.asan.search.paths = /data/asan/vendor/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/vendor/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/data/asan/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/data/asan/vendor/${LIB}:/vendor/${LIB}
+namespace.vndk.asan.permitted.paths = /data/asan/vendor/${LIB}/hw:/vendor/${LIB}/hw:/data/asan/vendor/${LIB}/egl:/vendor/${LIB}/egl
+
+# When these NDK libs are required inside this namespace, then it is redirected
+# to the default namespace. This is possible since their ABI is stable across
+# Android releases.
+namespace.vndk.links = default
+namespace.vndk.link.default.shared_libs = android.hidl.memory@1.0-impl.so:libc.so:libz.so:libm.so:libdl.so:libstdc++.so:liblog.so:libnativewindow.so:libEGL.so:libsync.so:libvndksupport.so
+
+
+[vendor]
+namespace.default.isolated = false
+namespace.default.search.paths = /vendor/${LIB}:/vendor/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/system/${LIB}
+
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths = /data/asan/vendor/${LIB}:/vendor/${LIB}:/data/asan/vendor/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/vendor/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/data/asan/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp:/data/asan/system/${LIB}:/system/${LIB}
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.android.txt b/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.android.txt
index e6c94ff..c5e149c 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.android.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.android.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+# See https://android.googlesource.com/platform/ndk/+/master/docs/PlatformApis.md
 libandroid.so
+libaaudio.so
 libc.so
 libcamera2ndk.so
 libdl.so
@@ -12,10 +14,12 @@
 liblog.so
 libmediandk.so
 libm.so
+libnativewindow.so
 libOpenMAXAL.so
 libOpenSLES.so
 libRS.so
 libstdc++.so
+libsync.so
 libvulkan.so
 libwebviewchromium_plat_support.so
 libz.so
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.wear.txt b/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.wear.txt
index 292730a..a4ca683 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.wear.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.wear.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+# See https://android.googlesource.com/platform/ndk/+/master/docs/PlatformApis.md
 libandroid.so
+libaaudio.so
 libc.so
 libcamera2ndk.so
 libdl.so
@@ -12,9 +14,11 @@
 liblog.so
 libmediandk.so
 libm.so
+libnativewindow.so
 libOpenMAXAL.so
 libOpenSLES.so
 libRS.so
 libstdc++.so
+libsync.so
 libvulkan.so
 libz.so
diff --git a/rootdir/init.rc b/rootdir/init.rc
index d9fe090..fb1fbd4 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.rc
+++ b/rootdir/init.rc
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
     mount cgroup none /dev/memcg memory
     # app mem cgroups, used by activity manager, lmkd and zygote
     mkdir /dev/memcg/apps/ 0755 system system
+    # cgroup for system_server and surfaceflinger
+    mkdir /dev/memcg/system 0550 system system
 
     start ueventd
 
@@ -236,7 +238,10 @@
     export DOWNLOAD_CACHE /data/cache
 
     # set RLIMIT_NICE to allow priorities from 19 to -20
-    setrlimit 13 40 40
+    setrlimit nice 40 40
+
+    # Allow up to 32K FDs per process
+    setrlimit nofile 32768 32768
 
     # This allows the ledtrig-transient properties to be created here so
     # that they can be chown'd to system:system later on boot
@@ -300,19 +305,21 @@
     load_system_props
     # start essential services
     start logd
+    start servicemanager
     start hwservicemanager
+    start vndservicemanager
 
     # once everything is setup, no need to modify /
     mount rootfs rootfs / ro remount
     # Mount shared so changes propagate into child namespaces
     mount rootfs rootfs / shared rec
     # Mount default storage into root namespace
-    mount none /mnt/runtime/default /storage slave bind rec
+    mount none /mnt/runtime/default /storage bind rec
+    mount none none /storage slave rec
 
     # Make sure /sys/kernel/debug (if present) is labeled properly
     # Note that tracefs may be mounted under debug, so we need to cross filesystems
     restorecon --recursive --cross-filesystems /sys/kernel/debug
-    chmod 0755 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
 
     # We chown/chmod /cache again so because mount is run as root + defaults
     chown system cache /cache
@@ -350,6 +357,10 @@
     mkdir /cache/lost+found 0770 root root
 
 on late-fs
+    # Ensure that tracefs has the correct permissions.
+    # This does not work correctly if it is called in post-fs.
+    chmod 0755 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing
+
     # HALs required before storage encryption can get unlocked (FBE/FDE)
     class_start early_hal
 
@@ -374,6 +385,20 @@
 
     # create basic filesystem structure
     mkdir /data/misc 01771 system misc
+    mkdir /data/misc/recovery 0770 system log
+    copy /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint.1
+    chmod 0440 /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint.1
+    chown system log /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint.1
+    write /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint ${ro.build.fingerprint}
+    chmod 0440 /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint
+    chown system log /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint
+    mkdir /data/misc/recovery/proc 0770 system log
+    copy /data/misc/recovery/proc/version /data/misc/recovery/proc/version.1
+    chmod 0440 /data/misc/recovery/proc/version.1
+    chown system log /data/misc/recovery/proc/version.1
+    copy /proc/version /data/misc/recovery/proc/version
+    chmod 0440 /data/misc/recovery/proc/version
+    chown system log /data/misc/recovery/proc/version
     mkdir /data/misc/bluedroid 02770 bluetooth bluetooth
     # Fix the access permissions and group ownership for 'bt_config.conf'
     chmod 0660 /data/misc/bluedroid/bt_config.conf
@@ -408,7 +433,6 @@
     mkdir /data/misc/boottrace 0771 system shell
     mkdir /data/misc/update_engine 0700 root root
     mkdir /data/misc/trace 0700 root root
-    mkdir /data/misc/reboot 0700 system system
     # profile file layout
     mkdir /data/misc/profiles 0771 system system
     mkdir /data/misc/profiles/cur 0771 system system
@@ -657,12 +681,6 @@
 on property:sys.boot_completed=1
     bootchart stop
 
-on property:sys.boot_completed=1 && property:ro.build.type=user
-    write /proc/sys/kernel/modules_disabled 1
-
-on property:sys.boot_completed=1 && property:ro.build.type=userdebug
-    write /proc/sys/kernel/modules_disabled 1
-
 # system server cannot write to /proc/sys files,
 # and chown/chmod does not work for /proc/sys/ entries.
 # So proxy writes through init.
@@ -679,17 +697,21 @@
 on property:security.perf_harden=1
     write /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid 3
 
+# on shutdown
+# In device's init.rc, this trigger can be used to do device-specific actions
+# before shutdown. e.g disable watchdog and mask error handling
+
 ## Daemon processes to be run by init.
 ##
 service ueventd /sbin/ueventd
     class core
     critical
     seclabel u:r:ueventd:s0
+    shutdown critical
 
-service healthd /sbin/healthd
+service healthd /system/bin/healthd
     class core
     critical
-    seclabel u:r:healthd:s0
     group root system wakelock
 
 service console /system/bin/sh
diff --git a/rootdir/init.usb.rc b/rootdir/init.usb.rc
index 915d159..3168f40 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.usb.rc
+++ b/rootdir/init.usb.rc
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     mkdir /data/adb 0700 root root
 
 # adbd is controlled via property triggers in init.<platform>.usb.rc
-service adbd /sbin/adbd --root_seclabel=u:r:su:s0
+service adbd /system/bin/adbd --root_seclabel=u:r:su:s0
     class core
     socket adbd stream 660 system system
     disabled
diff --git a/rootdir/init.zygote64_32.rc b/rootdir/init.zygote64_32.rc
index 36bb443..09db7b0 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.zygote64_32.rc
+++ b/rootdir/init.zygote64_32.rc
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
     onrestart restart wificond
     writepid /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks
 
-service zygote_secondary /system/bin/app_process32 -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --socket-name=zygote_secondary
+service zygote_secondary /system/bin/app_process32 -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --socket-name=zygote_secondary --enable-lazy-preload
     class main
     priority -20
     user root
diff --git a/rootdir/ueventd.rc b/rootdir/ueventd.rc
index efd0da5..eadf219 100644
--- a/rootdir/ueventd.rc
+++ b/rootdir/ueventd.rc
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 /dev/ashmem               0666   root       root
 /dev/binder               0666   root       root
 /dev/hwbinder             0666   root       root
+/dev/vndbinder            0666   root       root
 
 /dev/pmsg0                0222   root       log
 
diff --git a/sdcard/Android.mk b/sdcard/Android.mk
index 0c58574..5b4dc58 100644
--- a/sdcard/Android.mk
+++ b/sdcard/Android.mk
@@ -8,6 +8,5 @@
 LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libbase libcutils libminijail libpackagelistparser
 
 LOCAL_SANITIZE := integer
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
 
 include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
diff --git a/sdcard/fuse.cpp b/sdcard/fuse.cpp
index 3f0f95f..95559d7 100644
--- a/sdcard/fuse.cpp
+++ b/sdcard/fuse.cpp
@@ -997,7 +997,7 @@
 {
     struct node* node;
     char path[PATH_MAX];
-    struct fuse_open_out out;
+    struct fuse_open_out out = {};
     struct handle *h;
 
     pthread_mutex_lock(&fuse->global->lock);
@@ -1026,13 +1026,6 @@
     }
     out.fh = ptr_to_id(h);
     out.open_flags = 0;
-
-#ifdef FUSE_SHORTCIRCUIT
-    out.lower_fd = h->fd;
-#else
-    out.padding = 0;
-#endif
-
     fuse_reply(fuse, hdr->unique, &out, sizeof(out));
     return NO_STATUS;
 }
@@ -1169,7 +1162,7 @@
 {
     struct node* node;
     char path[PATH_MAX];
-    struct fuse_open_out out;
+    struct fuse_open_out out = {};
     struct dirhandle *h;
 
     pthread_mutex_lock(&fuse->global->lock);
@@ -1196,13 +1189,6 @@
     }
     out.fh = ptr_to_id(h);
     out.open_flags = 0;
-
-#ifdef FUSE_SHORTCIRCUIT
-    out.lower_fd = -1;
-#else
-    out.padding = 0;
-#endif
-
     fuse_reply(fuse, hdr->unique, &out, sizeof(out));
     return NO_STATUS;
 }
@@ -1282,11 +1268,6 @@
     out.major = FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION;
     out.max_readahead = req->max_readahead;
     out.flags = FUSE_ATOMIC_O_TRUNC | FUSE_BIG_WRITES;
-
-#ifdef FUSE_SHORTCIRCUIT
-    out.flags |= FUSE_SHORTCIRCUIT;
-#endif
-
     out.max_background = 32;
     out.congestion_threshold = 32;
     out.max_write = MAX_WRITE;
diff --git a/sdcard/sdcard.cpp b/sdcard/sdcard.cpp
index df3ce85..77d5a91 100644
--- a/sdcard/sdcard.cpp
+++ b/sdcard/sdcard.cpp
@@ -249,7 +249,9 @@
     global.root.uid = AID_ROOT;
     global.root.under_android = false;
 
-    strcpy(global.source_path, source_path);
+    // Clang static analyzer think strcpy potentially overwrites other fields
+    // in global. Use snprintf() to mute the false warning.
+    snprintf(global.source_path, sizeof(global.source_path), "%s", source_path);
 
     if (multi_user) {
         global.root.perm = PERM_PRE_ROOT;
@@ -317,17 +319,31 @@
     LOG(FATAL) << "terminated prematurely";
 }
 
-static bool sdcardfs_setup(const std::string& source_path, const std::string& dest_path, uid_t fsuid,
-                        gid_t fsgid, bool multi_user, userid_t userid, gid_t gid, mode_t mask) {
-    std::string opts = android::base::StringPrintf("fsuid=%d,fsgid=%d,%smask=%d,userid=%d,gid=%d",
-            fsuid, fsgid, multi_user?"multiuser,":"", mask, userid, gid);
+static bool sdcardfs_setup(const std::string& source_path, const std::string& dest_path,
+                           uid_t fsuid, gid_t fsgid, bool multi_user, userid_t userid, gid_t gid,
+                           mode_t mask, bool derive_gid) {
+    std::string opts = android::base::StringPrintf(
+        "fsuid=%d,fsgid=%d,%s%smask=%d,userid=%d,gid=%d", fsuid, fsgid,
+        multi_user ? "multiuser," : "", derive_gid ? "derive_gid," : "", mask, userid, gid);
 
     if (mount(source_path.c_str(), dest_path.c_str(), "sdcardfs",
               MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV | MS_NOEXEC | MS_NOATIME, opts.c_str()) == -1) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "failed to mount sdcardfs filesystem";
-        return false;
+        if (derive_gid) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "trying to mount sdcardfs filesystem without derive_gid";
+            /* Maybe this isn't supported on this kernel. Try without. */
+            opts = android::base::StringPrintf("fsuid=%d,fsgid=%d,%smask=%d,userid=%d,gid=%d",
+                                               fsuid, fsgid, multi_user ? "multiuser," : "", mask,
+                                               userid, gid);
+            if (mount(source_path.c_str(), dest_path.c_str(), "sdcardfs",
+                      MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV | MS_NOEXEC | MS_NOATIME, opts.c_str()) == -1) {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "failed to mount sdcardfs filesystem";
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "failed to mount sdcardfs filesystem";
+            return false;
+        }
     }
-
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -353,7 +369,8 @@
 }
 
 static void run_sdcardfs(const std::string& source_path, const std::string& label, uid_t uid,
-        gid_t gid, userid_t userid, bool multi_user, bool full_write) {
+                         gid_t gid, userid_t userid, bool multi_user, bool full_write,
+                         bool derive_gid) {
     std::string dest_path_default = "/mnt/runtime/default/" + label;
     std::string dest_path_read = "/mnt/runtime/read/" + label;
     std::string dest_path_write = "/mnt/runtime/write/" + label;
@@ -363,10 +380,10 @@
         // Multi-user storage is fully isolated per user, so "other"
         // permissions are completely masked off.
         if (!sdcardfs_setup(source_path, dest_path_default, uid, gid, multi_user, userid,
-                                                      AID_SDCARD_RW, 0006)
-                || !sdcardfs_setup_bind_remount(dest_path_default, dest_path_read, AID_EVERYBODY, 0027)
-                || !sdcardfs_setup_bind_remount(dest_path_default, dest_path_write,
-                                                      AID_EVERYBODY, full_write ? 0007 : 0027)) {
+                            AID_SDCARD_RW, 0006, derive_gid) ||
+            !sdcardfs_setup_bind_remount(dest_path_default, dest_path_read, AID_EVERYBODY, 0027) ||
+            !sdcardfs_setup_bind_remount(dest_path_default, dest_path_write, AID_EVERYBODY,
+                                         full_write ? 0007 : 0027)) {
             LOG(FATAL) << "failed to sdcardfs_setup";
         }
     } else {
@@ -374,11 +391,11 @@
         // the Android directories are masked off to a single user
         // deep inside attr_from_stat().
         if (!sdcardfs_setup(source_path, dest_path_default, uid, gid, multi_user, userid,
-                                                      AID_SDCARD_RW, 0006)
-                || !sdcardfs_setup_bind_remount(dest_path_default, dest_path_read,
-                                                      AID_EVERYBODY, full_write ? 0027 : 0022)
-                || !sdcardfs_setup_bind_remount(dest_path_default, dest_path_write,
-                                                      AID_EVERYBODY, full_write ? 0007 : 0022)) {
+                            AID_SDCARD_RW, 0006, derive_gid) ||
+            !sdcardfs_setup_bind_remount(dest_path_default, dest_path_read, AID_EVERYBODY,
+                                         full_write ? 0027 : 0022) ||
+            !sdcardfs_setup_bind_remount(dest_path_default, dest_path_write, AID_EVERYBODY,
+                                         full_write ? 0007 : 0022)) {
             LOG(FATAL) << "failed to sdcardfs_setup";
         }
     }
@@ -420,7 +437,7 @@
     }
 
     // Fall back to device opinion about state
-    if (property_get_bool(PROP_SDCARDFS_DEVICE, false)) {
+    if (property_get_bool(PROP_SDCARDFS_DEVICE, true)) {
         LOG(WARNING) << "Device explicitly enabled sdcardfs";
         return supports_sdcardfs();
     } else {
@@ -435,7 +452,8 @@
                << "    -g: specify GID to run as"
                << "    -U: specify user ID that owns device"
                << "    -m: source_path is multi-user"
-               << "    -w: runtime write mount has full write access";
+               << "    -w: runtime write mount has full write access"
+               << "    -P  preserve owners on the lower file system";
     return 1;
 }
 
@@ -447,12 +465,13 @@
     userid_t userid = 0;
     bool multi_user = false;
     bool full_write = false;
+    bool derive_gid = false;
     int i;
     struct rlimit rlim;
     int fs_version;
 
     int opt;
-    while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "u:g:U:mw")) != -1) {
+    while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "u:g:U:mwG")) != -1) {
         switch (opt) {
             case 'u':
                 uid = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
@@ -469,6 +488,9 @@
             case 'w':
                 full_write = true;
                 break;
+            case 'G':
+                derive_gid = true;
+                break;
             case '?':
             default:
                 return usage();
@@ -512,7 +534,7 @@
     }
 
     if (should_use_sdcardfs()) {
-        run_sdcardfs(source_path, label, uid, gid, userid, multi_user, full_write);
+        run_sdcardfs(source_path, label, uid, gid, userid, multi_user, full_write, derive_gid);
     } else {
         run(source_path, label, uid, gid, userid, multi_user, full_write);
     }
diff --git a/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp b/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp
index 6d35fed..9620d63 100644
--- a/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp
+++ b/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
         "bzip2",
         "grep",
         "grep_vendor",
-        "gzip",
         "mkshrc",
         "mkshrc_vendor",
         "reboot",
diff --git a/shell_and_utilities/README.md b/shell_and_utilities/README.md
index 5d10c18..c4e8aac 100644
--- a/shell_and_utilities/README.md
+++ b/shell_and_utilities/README.md
@@ -4,20 +4,25 @@
 Since IceCreamSandwich Android has used
 [mksh](https://www.mirbsd.org/mksh.htm) as its shell. Before then it used
 [ash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almquist_shell) (which actually
-remained in the tree up to and including KitKat).
+remained unused in the tree up to and including KitKat).
 
-Initially Android had a very limited command-line provided by its
-own "toolbox" binary. These days almost everything is supplied by
+Initially Android had a very limited command-line provided by its own
+"toolbox" binary. Since Marshmallow almost everything is supplied by
 [toybox](http://landley.net/toybox/) instead.
 
 We started moving a few of the more important tools to full
-BSD implementations in JellyBean before we started in earnest in
+BSD implementations in JellyBean, and continued this work in
 Lollipop. Lollipop was a major break with the past in many ways (LP64
 support and the switch to ART both having lots of knock-on effects around
 the system), so although this was the beginning of the end of toolbox it
 (a) didn't stand out given all the other systems-level changes and (b)
 in Marshmallow we changed direction and started the move to toybox.
 
+Not everything is provided by toybox, though. We currently still use
+the BSD dd and grep (because the toybox versions are still unfinished),
+and for the bzip2 command-line tools we use the ones that are part of
+the bzip2 distribution.
+
 The lists below show what tools were provided and where they came from in
 each release starting with Gingerbread. This doesn't tell the full story,
 because the toolbox implementations did have bugs fixed and options added
@@ -25,6 +30,10 @@
 `-f`. But this gives you an idea of what was available in any given release,
 and how usable it was likely to be.
 
+Also note that in any given release `toybox` probably contains more
+commands than there are symlinks for in `/system/bin`. You can get the
+full list for a release by running `toybox` directly.
+
 
 Android 2.3 (Gingerbread)
 -------------------------
@@ -132,26 +141,26 @@
 uptime usleep vmstat wc which whoami xargs xxd yes
 
 
-Current AOSP
-------------
+Android 8.0 (Oreo)
+------------------
 
 BSD: dd grep
 
 bzip2: bzcat bzip2 bunzip2
 
-toolbox: getevent gzip newfs\_msdos gunzip zcat
+toolbox: getevent newfs\_msdos
 
 toybox: acpi base64 basename blockdev cal cat chcon chgrp chmod chown
 chroot chrt cksum clear cmp comm cp cpio cut date df diff dirname dmesg
 dos2unix du echo env expand expr fallocate false file find flock free
-getenforce getprop groups head hostname hwclock id ifconfig inotifyd
-insmod ionice iorenice kill killall ln load\_policy log logname losetup
-ls lsmod lsof lsusb md5sum microcom mkdir mknod mkswap mktemp modinfo
-modprobe more mount mountpoint mv netstat nice nl nohup od paste patch
-pgrep pidof pkill pmap printenv printf ps pwd readlink realpath renice
-restorecon rm rmdir rmmod runcon sed sendevent seq setenforce setprop
-setsid sha1sum sha224sum sha256sum sha384sum sha512sum sleep sort split
-start stat stop strings swapoff swapon sync sysctl tac tail tar taskset
-tee time timeout top touch tr true truncate tty ulimit umount uname uniq
-unix2dos uptime usleep uudecode uuencode vmstat wc which whoami xargs
-xxd yes
+getenforce getprop groups gunzip gzip head hostname hwclock id ifconfig
+inotifyd insmod ionice iorenice kill killall ln load\_policy log logname
+losetup ls lsmod lsof lspci lsusb md5sum microcom mkdir mkfifo mknod
+mkswap mktemp modinfo modprobe more mount mountpoint mv netstat nice
+nl nohup od paste patch pgrep pidof pkill pmap printenv printf ps pwd
+readlink realpath renice restorecon rm rmdir rmmod runcon sed sendevent
+seq setenforce setprop setsid sha1sum sha224sum sha256sum sha384sum
+sha512sum sleep sort split start stat stop strings swapoff swapon sync
+sysctl tac tail tar taskset tee time timeout top touch tr true truncate
+tty ulimit umount uname uniq unix2dos uptime usleep uudecode uuencode
+vmstat wc which whoami xargs xxd yes zcat
diff --git a/storaged/Android.mk b/storaged/Android.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e6a3c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storaged/Android.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+
+LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
+
+LIBSTORAGED_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
+    libbinder \
+    libbase \
+    libutils \
+    libcutils \
+    liblog \
+    libsysutils \
+    libpackagelistparser \
+    libbatteryservice \
+
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
+    storaged.cpp \
+    storaged_info.cpp \
+    storaged_service.cpp \
+    storaged_utils.cpp \
+    storaged_uid_monitor.cpp \
+    EventLogTags.logtags
+
+LOCAL_MODULE := libstoraged
+LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Werror
+LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include external/googletest/googletest/include
+LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDE_DIRS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(LIBSTORAGED_SHARED_LIBRARIES)
+include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
+
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+
+LOCAL_MODULE := storaged
+LOCAL_INIT_RC := storaged.rc
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := main.cpp
+# libstoraged is an internal static library, only main.cpp and storaged_test.cpp should be using it
+LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libstoraged
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(LIBSTORAGED_SHARED_LIBRARIES)
+LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror -Wno-unused-parameter
+LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := external/googletest/googletest/include
+
+include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
+
+include $(call first-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
diff --git a/storaged/EventLogTags.logtags b/storaged/EventLogTags.logtags
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e25d4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storaged/EventLogTags.logtags
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# The entries in this file map a sparse set of log tag numbers to tag names.
+# This is installed on the device, in /system/etc, and parsed by logcat.
+#
+# Tag numbers are decimal integers, from 0 to 2^31.  (Let's leave the
+# negative values alone for now.)
+#
+# Tag names are one or more ASCII letters and numbers or underscores, i.e.
+# "[A-Z][a-z][0-9]_".  Do not include spaces or punctuation (the former
+# impacts log readability, the latter makes regex searches more annoying).
+#
+# Tag numbers and names are separated by whitespace.  Blank lines and lines
+# starting with '#' are ignored.
+#
+# Optionally, after the tag names can be put a description for the value(s)
+# of the tag. Description are in the format
+#    (<name>|data type[|data unit])
+# Multiple values are separated by commas.
+#
+# The data type is a number from the following values:
+# 1: int
+# 2: long
+# 3: string
+# 4: list
+# 5: float
+#
+# The data unit is a number taken from the following list:
+# 1: Number of objects
+# 2: Number of bytes
+# 3: Number of milliseconds
+# 4: Number of allocations
+# 5: Id
+# 6: Percent
+# Default value for data of type int/long is 2 (bytes).
+#
+# TODO: generate ".java" and ".h" files with integer constants from this file.
+
+2732 storaged_disk_stats (type|3),(start_time|2|3),(end_time|2|3),(read_ios|2|1),(read_merges|2|1),(read_sectors|2|1),(read_ticks|2|3),(write_ios|2|1),(write_merges|2|1),(write_sectors|2|1),(write_ticks|2|3),(o_in_flight|2|1),(io_ticks|2|3),(io_in_queue|2|1)
+
+2733 storaged_emmc_info (mmc_ver|3),(eol|1),(lifetime_a|1),(lifetime_b|1)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/storaged/README.properties b/storaged/README.properties
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d8397f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storaged/README.properties
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+ro.storaged.event.interval    # interval storaged scans for IO stats, in seconds
+ro.storaged.event.perf_check  # check for time spent in event loop, in microseconds
+ro.storaged.disk_stats_pub    # interval storaged publish disk stats, in seconds
+ro.storaged.uid_io.interval   # interval storaged checks Per UID IO usage, in seconds
+ro.storaged.uid_io.threshold  # Per UID IO usage limit, in bytes
diff --git a/storaged/include/storaged.h b/storaged/include/storaged.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..514798b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storaged/include/storaged.h
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _STORAGED_H_
+#define _STORAGED_H_
+
+#include <semaphore.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include <queue>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <batteryservice/IBatteryPropertiesListener.h>
+#include <batteryservice/IBatteryPropertiesRegistrar.h>
+
+#include "storaged_info.h"
+#include "storaged_uid_monitor.h"
+
+using namespace android;
+
+#define FRIEND_TEST(test_case_name, test_name) \
+friend class test_case_name##_##test_name##_Test
+
+/* For debug */
+#ifdef DEBUG
+#define debuginfo(fmt, ...) \
+ do {printf("%s():\t" fmt "\t[%s:%d]\n", __FUNCTION__, ##__VA_ARGS__, __FILE__, __LINE__);} \
+ while(0)
+#else
+#define debuginfo(...)
+#endif
+
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof((x)[0]))
+
+#define SECTOR_SIZE ( 512 )
+#define SEC_TO_MSEC ( 1000 )
+#define MSEC_TO_USEC ( 1000 )
+#define USEC_TO_NSEC ( 1000 )
+#define SEC_TO_USEC ( 1000000 )
+#define HOUR_TO_SEC ( 3600 )
+#define DAY_TO_SEC ( 3600 * 24 )
+
+// number of attributes diskstats has
+#define DISK_STATS_SIZE ( 11 )
+// maximum size limit of a stats file
+#define DISK_STATS_FILE_MAX_SIZE ( 256 )
+#define DISK_STATS_IO_IN_FLIGHT_IDX ( 8 )
+struct disk_stats {
+    /* It will be extremely unlikely for any of the following entries to overflow.
+     * For read_bytes(which will be greater than any of the following entries), it
+     * will take 27 years to overflow uint64_t at the reading rate of 20GB/s, which
+     * is the peak memory transfer rate for current memory.
+     * The diskstats entries (first 11) need to be at top in this structure _after_
+     * compiler's optimization.
+     */
+    uint64_t read_ios;       // number of read I/Os processed
+    uint64_t read_merges;    // number of read I/Os merged with in-queue I/Os
+    uint64_t read_sectors;   // number of sectors read
+    uint64_t read_ticks;     // total wait time for read requests
+    uint64_t write_ios;      // number of write I/Os processed
+    uint64_t write_merges;   // number of write I/Os merged with in-queue I/Os
+    uint64_t write_sectors;  // number of sectors written
+    uint64_t write_ticks;    // total wait time for write requests
+    uint64_t io_in_flight;   // number of I/Os currently in flight
+    uint64_t io_ticks;       // total time this block device has been active
+    uint64_t io_in_queue;    // total wait time for all requests
+
+    uint64_t start_time;     // monotonic time accounting starts
+    uint64_t end_time;       // monotonic time accounting ends
+    uint32_t counter;        // private counter for accumulate calculations
+    double   io_avg;         // average io_in_flight for accumulate calculations
+};
+
+
+
+struct disk_perf {
+    uint32_t read_perf;         // read speed (kbytes/s)
+    uint32_t read_ios;          // read I/Os per second
+    uint32_t write_perf;        // write speed (kbytes/s)
+    uint32_t write_ios;         // write I/Os per second
+    uint32_t queue;             // I/Os in queue
+};
+
+#define CMD_MAX_LEN ( 64 )
+struct task_info {
+    uint32_t pid;                   // task id
+    uint64_t rchar;                 // characters read
+    uint64_t wchar;                 // characters written
+    uint64_t syscr;                 // read syscalls
+    uint64_t syscw;                 // write syscalls
+    uint64_t read_bytes;            // bytes read (from storage layer)
+    uint64_t write_bytes;           // bytes written (to storage layer)
+    uint64_t cancelled_write_bytes; // cancelled write byte by truncate
+
+    uint64_t starttime;             // start time of task
+
+    char cmd[CMD_MAX_LEN];          // filename of the executable
+};
+
+class lock_t {
+    sem_t* mSem;
+public:
+    lock_t(sem_t* sem) {
+        mSem = sem;
+        sem_wait(mSem);
+    }
+    ~lock_t() {
+        sem_post(mSem);
+    }
+};
+
+class stream_stats {
+private:
+    double mSum;
+    double mSquareSum;
+    uint32_t mCnt;
+public:
+    stream_stats() : mSum(0), mSquareSum(0), mCnt(0) {};
+    ~stream_stats() {};
+    double get_mean() {
+        return mSum / mCnt;
+    }
+    double get_std() {
+        return sqrt(mSquareSum / mCnt - mSum * mSum / (mCnt * mCnt));
+    }
+    void add(uint32_t num) {
+        mSum += (double)num;
+        mSquareSum += (double)num * (double)num;
+        mCnt++;
+    }
+    void evict(uint32_t num) {
+        if (mSum < num || mSquareSum < (double)num * (double)num) return;
+        mSum -= (double)num;
+        mSquareSum -= (double)num * (double)num;
+        mCnt--;
+    }
+};
+
+#define MMC_DISK_STATS_PATH "/sys/block/mmcblk0/stat"
+#define SDA_DISK_STATS_PATH "/sys/block/sda/stat"
+#define EMMC_ECSD_PATH "/d/mmc0/mmc0:0001/ext_csd"
+#define UID_IO_STATS_PATH "/proc/uid_io/stats"
+
+class disk_stats_monitor {
+private:
+    FRIEND_TEST(storaged_test, disk_stats_monitor);
+    const char* DISK_STATS_PATH;
+    struct disk_stats mPrevious;
+    struct disk_stats mAccumulate;
+    bool mStall;
+    std::queue<struct disk_perf> mBuffer;
+    struct {
+        stream_stats read_perf;           // read speed (bytes/s)
+        stream_stats read_ios;            // read I/Os per second
+        stream_stats write_perf;          // write speed (bytes/s)
+        stream_stats write_ios;           // write I/O per second
+        stream_stats queue;               // I/Os in queue
+    } mStats;
+    bool mValid;
+    const uint32_t mWindow;
+    const double mSigma;
+    struct disk_perf mMean;
+    struct disk_perf mStd;
+
+    void update_mean();
+    void update_std();
+    void add(struct disk_perf* perf);
+    void evict(struct disk_perf* perf);
+    bool detect(struct disk_perf* perf);
+
+    void update(struct disk_stats* stats);
+
+public:
+    disk_stats_monitor(uint32_t window_size = 5, double sigma = 1.0) :
+            mStall(false),
+            mValid(false),
+            mWindow(window_size),
+            mSigma(sigma) {
+        memset(&mPrevious, 0, sizeof(mPrevious));
+        memset(&mMean, 0, sizeof(mMean));
+        memset(&mStd, 0, sizeof(mStd));
+
+        if (access(MMC_DISK_STATS_PATH, R_OK) >= 0) {
+            DISK_STATS_PATH = MMC_DISK_STATS_PATH;
+        } else {
+            DISK_STATS_PATH = SDA_DISK_STATS_PATH;
+        }
+    }
+    void update(void);
+};
+
+class disk_stats_publisher {
+private:
+    FRIEND_TEST(storaged_test, disk_stats_publisher);
+    const char* DISK_STATS_PATH;
+    struct disk_stats mAccumulate;
+    struct disk_stats mPrevious;
+public:
+    disk_stats_publisher(void) {
+        memset(&mAccumulate, 0, sizeof(struct disk_stats));
+        memset(&mPrevious, 0, sizeof(struct disk_stats));
+
+        if (access(MMC_DISK_STATS_PATH, R_OK) >= 0) {
+            DISK_STATS_PATH = MMC_DISK_STATS_PATH;
+        } else {
+            DISK_STATS_PATH = SDA_DISK_STATS_PATH;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~disk_stats_publisher(void) {}
+    void publish(void);
+    void update(void);
+};
+
+// Periodic chores intervals in seconds
+#define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_UNIT ( 60 )
+#define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_DISK_STATS_PUBLISH ( 3600 )
+#define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_UID_IO ( 3600 )
+#define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_UID_IO_LIMIT (300)
+
+// UID IO threshold in bytes
+#define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_UID_IO_THRESHOLD ( 1024 * 1024 * 1024ULL )
+
+struct storaged_config {
+    int periodic_chores_interval_unit;
+    int periodic_chores_interval_disk_stats_publish;
+    int periodic_chores_interval_uid_io;
+    bool proc_uid_io_available;      // whether uid_io is accessible
+    bool diskstats_available;   // whether diskstats is accessible
+    int event_time_check_usec;  // check how much cputime spent in event loop
+};
+
+class storaged_t : public BnBatteryPropertiesListener,
+                   public IBinder::DeathRecipient {
+private:
+    time_t mTimer;
+    storaged_config mConfig;
+    disk_stats_publisher mDiskStats;
+    disk_stats_monitor mDsm;
+    uid_monitor mUidm;
+    time_t mStarttime;
+    sp<IBatteryPropertiesRegistrar> battery_properties;
+public:
+    storaged_t(void);
+    ~storaged_t() {}
+    void event(void);
+    void event_checked(void);
+    void pause(void) {
+        sleep(mConfig.periodic_chores_interval_unit);
+    }
+
+    time_t get_starttime(void) {
+        return mStarttime;
+    }
+
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, struct uid_info> get_uids(void) {
+        return mUidm.get_uid_io_stats();
+    }
+    std::map<uint64_t, struct uid_records> get_uid_records(
+            double hours, uint64_t threshold, bool force_report) {
+        return mUidm.dump(hours, threshold, force_report);
+    }
+    void update_uid_io_interval(int interval) {
+        if (interval >= DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_UID_IO_LIMIT) {
+            mConfig.periodic_chores_interval_uid_io = interval;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void init_battery_service();
+    virtual void batteryPropertiesChanged(struct BatteryProperties props);
+    void binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who);
+};
+
+// Eventlog tag
+// The content must match the definition in EventLogTags.logtags
+#define EVENTLOGTAG_DISKSTATS ( 2732 )
+#define EVENTLOGTAG_EMMCINFO ( 2733 )
+#define EVENTLOGTAG_UID_IO_ALERT ( 2734 )
+
+#endif /* _STORAGED_H_ */
diff --git a/storaged/include/storaged_info.h b/storaged/include/storaged_info.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..913c814
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storaged/include/storaged_info.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _STORAGED_INFO_H_
+#define _STORAGED_INFO_H_
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define FRIEND_TEST(test_case_name, test_name) \
+friend class test_case_name##_##test_name##_Test
+
+using namespace std;
+
+class storage_info_t {
+protected:
+    FRIEND_TEST(storaged_test, storage_info_t);
+    uint16_t eol;                   // pre-eol (end of life) information
+    uint16_t lifetime_a;            // device life time estimation (type A)
+    uint16_t lifetime_b;            // device life time estimation (type B)
+    string version;                 // version string
+    void publish();
+public:
+    storage_info_t() : eol(0), lifetime_a(0), lifetime_b(0) {}
+    virtual ~storage_info_t() {}
+    virtual bool report() = 0;
+};
+
+class emmc_info_t : public storage_info_t {
+private:
+    const string emmc_sysfs = "/sys/bus/mmc/devices/mmc0:0001/";
+    const string emmc_debugfs = "/d/mmc0/mmc0:0001/ext_csd";
+    const char* emmc_ver_str[9] = {
+        "4.0", "4.1", "4.2", "4.3", "Obsolete", "4.41", "4.5", "5.0", "5.1"
+    };
+public:
+    virtual ~emmc_info_t() {}
+    bool report();
+    bool report_sysfs();
+    bool report_debugfs();
+};
+
+class ufs_info_t : public storage_info_t {
+private:
+    const string health_file = "/sys/devices/soc/624000.ufshc/health";
+public:
+    virtual ~ufs_info_t() {}
+    bool report();
+};
+
+void report_storage_health();
+
+#endif /* _STORAGED_INFO_H_ */
diff --git a/storaged/include/storaged_service.h b/storaged/include/storaged_service.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8ddf4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storaged/include/storaged_service.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _STORAGED_SERVICE_H_
+#define _STORAGED_SERVICE_H_
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <binder/IInterface.h>
+#include <binder/IBinder.h>
+
+#include "storaged.h"
+
+using namespace android;
+
+// Interface
+class IStoraged : public IInterface {
+public:
+    enum {
+        DUMPUIDS  = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION,
+    };
+    // Request the service to run the test function
+    virtual std::vector<struct uid_info> dump_uids(const char* option) = 0;
+
+    DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(Storaged);
+};
+
+// Client
+class BpStoraged : public BpInterface<IStoraged> {
+public:
+    BpStoraged(const sp<IBinder>& impl) : BpInterface<IStoraged>(impl){};
+    virtual std::vector<struct uid_info> dump_uids(const char* option);
+};
+
+// Server
+class BnStoraged : public BnInterface<IStoraged> {
+    virtual status_t onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags = 0);
+};
+
+class Storaged : public BnStoraged {
+    virtual std::vector<struct uid_info> dump_uids(const char* option);
+    virtual status_t dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args);
+};
+
+sp<IStoraged> get_storaged_service();
+
+#endif /* _STORAGED_SERVICE_H_ */
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/storaged/include/storaged_uid_monitor.h b/storaged/include/storaged_uid_monitor.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..901a872
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storaged/include/storaged_uid_monitor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _STORAGED_UID_MONITOR_H_
+#define _STORAGED_UID_MONITOR_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+enum uid_stat_t {
+    FOREGROUND = 0,
+    BACKGROUND = 1,
+    UID_STATS = 2
+};
+
+enum charger_stat_t {
+    CHARGER_OFF = 0,
+    CHARGER_ON = 1,
+    CHARGER_STATS = 2
+};
+
+enum io_type_t {
+    READ = 0,
+    WRITE = 1,
+    IO_TYPES = 2
+};
+
+struct uid_io_stats {
+    uint64_t rchar;                 // characters read
+    uint64_t wchar;                 // characters written
+    uint64_t read_bytes;            // bytes read (from storage layer)
+    uint64_t write_bytes;           // bytes written (to storage layer)
+    uint64_t fsync;                 // number of fsync syscalls
+};
+
+struct uid_info {
+    uint32_t uid;                   // user id
+    std::string name;               // package name
+    struct uid_io_stats io[UID_STATS];    // [0]:foreground [1]:background
+};
+
+struct uid_io_usage {
+    uint64_t bytes[IO_TYPES][UID_STATS][CHARGER_STATS];
+};
+
+struct uid_record {
+    std::string name;
+    struct uid_io_usage ios;
+};
+
+struct uid_records {
+    uint64_t start_ts;
+    std::vector<struct uid_record> entries;
+};
+
+class uid_monitor {
+private:
+    // last dump from /proc/uid_io/stats, uid -> uid_info
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, struct uid_info> last_uid_io_stats;
+    // current io usage for next report, app name -> uid_io_usage
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, struct uid_io_usage> curr_io_stats;
+    // io usage records, end timestamp -> {start timestamp, vector of records}
+    std::map<uint64_t, struct uid_records> records;
+    // charger ON/OFF
+    charger_stat_t charger_stat;
+    // protects curr_io_stats, last_uid_io_stats, records and charger_stat
+    sem_t um_lock;
+    // start time for IO records
+    uint64_t start_ts;
+
+    // reads from /proc/uid_io/stats
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, struct uid_info> get_uid_io_stats_locked();
+    // flushes curr_io_stats to records
+    void add_records_locked(uint64_t curr_ts);
+    // updates curr_io_stats and set last_uid_io_stats
+    void update_curr_io_stats_locked();
+
+public:
+    uid_monitor();
+    ~uid_monitor();
+    // called by storaged main thread
+    void init(charger_stat_t stat);
+    // called by storaged -u
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, struct uid_info> get_uid_io_stats();
+    // called by dumpsys
+    std::map<uint64_t, struct uid_records> dump(
+        double hours, uint64_t threshold, bool force_report);
+    // called by battery properties listener
+    void set_charger_state(charger_stat_t stat);
+    // called by storaged periodic_chore or dump with force_report
+    void report();
+};
+
+#endif /* _STORAGED_UID_MONITOR_H_ */
diff --git a/storaged/include/storaged_utils.h b/storaged/include/storaged_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2161c40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storaged/include/storaged_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _STORAGED_UTILS_H_
+#define _STORAGED_UTILS_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "storaged.h"
+
+// Diskstats
+bool parse_disk_stats(const char* disk_stats_path, struct disk_stats* stats);
+struct disk_perf get_disk_perf(struct disk_stats* stats);
+struct disk_stats get_inc_disk_stats(struct disk_stats* prev, struct disk_stats* curr);
+void add_disk_stats(struct disk_stats* src, struct disk_stats* dst);
+bool parse_emmc_ecsd(int ext_csd_fd, struct emmc_info* info);
+
+// UID I/O
+void sort_running_uids_info(std::vector<struct uid_info> &uids);
+
+// Logging
+void log_console_running_uids_info(std::vector<struct uid_info> uids);
+
+void log_debug_disk_perf(struct disk_perf* perf, const char* type);
+
+void log_event_disk_stats(struct disk_stats* stats, const char* type);
+void log_event_emmc_info(struct emmc_info* info_);
+#endif /* _STORAGED_UTILS_H_ */
diff --git a/storaged/main.cpp b/storaged/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d1e430
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storaged/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "storaged"
+#define KLOG_LEVEL 6
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/capability.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
+#include <cutils/android_get_control_file.h>
+#include <cutils/sched_policy.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+
+#include <storaged.h>
+#include <storaged_service.h>
+#include <storaged_utils.h>
+
+sp<storaged_t> storaged;
+
+// Function of storaged's main thread
+void* storaged_main(void* /* unused */) {
+    storaged = new storaged_t();
+
+    storaged->init_battery_service();
+
+    LOG_TO(SYSTEM, INFO) << "storaged: Start";
+
+    for (;;) {
+        storaged->event_checked();
+        storaged->pause();
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void help_message(void) {
+    printf("usage: storaged [OPTION]\n");
+    printf("  -u    --uid                   Dump uid I/O usage to stdout\n");
+    printf("  -s    --start                 Start storaged (default)\n");
+    fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    int flag_main_service = 0;
+    int flag_dump_uid = 0;
+    int opt;
+
+    for (;;) {
+        int opt_idx = 0;
+        static struct option long_options[] = {
+            {"start",       no_argument,        0, 's'},
+            {"kill",        no_argument,        0, 'k'},
+            {"uid",         no_argument,        0, 'u'},
+            {"help",        no_argument,        0, 'h'}
+        };
+        opt = getopt_long(argc, argv, ":skdhu0", long_options, &opt_idx);
+        if (opt == -1) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        switch (opt) {
+        case 's':
+            flag_main_service = 1;
+            break;
+        case 'u':
+            flag_dump_uid = 1;
+            break;
+        case 'h':
+            help_message();
+            return 0;
+        case '?':
+        default:
+            fprintf(stderr, "no supported option\n");
+            help_message();
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (argc == 1) {
+        flag_main_service = 1;
+    }
+
+    if (flag_main_service && flag_dump_uid) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Invalid arguments. Option \"start\" and \"dump\" cannot be used together.\n");
+        help_message();
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    if (flag_main_service) { // start main thread
+        report_storage_health();
+        // Start the main thread of storaged
+        pthread_t storaged_main_thread;
+        errno = pthread_create(&storaged_main_thread, NULL, storaged_main, NULL);
+        if (errno != 0) {
+            PLOG_TO(SYSTEM, ERROR) << "Failed to create main thread";
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        defaultServiceManager()->addService(String16("storaged"), new Storaged());
+        android::ProcessState::self()->startThreadPool();
+        IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool();
+        pthread_join(storaged_main_thread, NULL);
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (flag_dump_uid) {
+        sp<IStoraged> storaged_service = get_storaged_service();
+        if (storaged_service == NULL) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Cannot find storaged service.\nMaybe run storaged --start first?\n");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        std::vector<struct uid_info> res = storaged_service->dump_uids(NULL);
+
+        if (res.size() == 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "UID I/O is not readable in this version of kernel.\n");
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        sort_running_uids_info(res);
+        log_console_running_uids_info(res);
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/storaged/storaged.cpp b/storaged/storaged.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54d429c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storaged/storaged.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "storaged"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <batteryservice/BatteryServiceConstants.h>
+#include <batteryservice/IBatteryPropertiesRegistrar.h>
+#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <log/log.h>
+
+#include <storaged.h>
+#include <storaged_utils.h>
+
+/* disk_stats_publisher */
+void disk_stats_publisher::publish(void) {
+    // Logging
+    struct disk_perf perf = get_disk_perf(&mAccumulate);
+    log_debug_disk_perf(&perf, "regular");
+    log_event_disk_stats(&mAccumulate, "regular");
+    // Reset global structures
+    memset(&mAccumulate, 0, sizeof(struct disk_stats));
+}
+
+void disk_stats_publisher::update(void) {
+    struct disk_stats curr;
+    if (parse_disk_stats(DISK_STATS_PATH, &curr)) {
+        struct disk_stats inc = get_inc_disk_stats(&mPrevious, &curr);
+        add_disk_stats(&inc, &mAccumulate);
+#ifdef DEBUG
+//            log_kernel_disk_stats(&mPrevious, "prev stats");
+//            log_kernel_disk_stats(&curr, "curr stats");
+//            log_kernel_disk_stats(&inc, "inc stats");
+//            log_kernel_disk_stats(&mAccumulate, "accumulated stats");
+#endif
+        mPrevious = curr;
+    }
+}
+
+/* disk_stats_monitor */
+void disk_stats_monitor::update_mean() {
+    CHECK(mValid);
+    mMean.read_perf = (uint32_t)mStats.read_perf.get_mean();
+    mMean.read_ios = (uint32_t)mStats.read_ios.get_mean();
+    mMean.write_perf = (uint32_t)mStats.write_perf.get_mean();
+    mMean.write_ios = (uint32_t)mStats.write_ios.get_mean();
+    mMean.queue = (uint32_t)mStats.queue.get_mean();
+}
+
+void disk_stats_monitor::update_std() {
+    CHECK(mValid);
+    mStd.read_perf = (uint32_t)mStats.read_perf.get_std();
+    mStd.read_ios = (uint32_t)mStats.read_ios.get_std();
+    mStd.write_perf = (uint32_t)mStats.write_perf.get_std();
+    mStd.write_ios = (uint32_t)mStats.write_ios.get_std();
+    mStd.queue = (uint32_t)mStats.queue.get_std();
+}
+
+void disk_stats_monitor::add(struct disk_perf* perf) {
+    mStats.read_perf.add(perf->read_perf);
+    mStats.read_ios.add(perf->read_ios);
+    mStats.write_perf.add(perf->write_perf);
+    mStats.write_ios.add(perf->write_ios);
+    mStats.queue.add(perf->queue);
+}
+
+void disk_stats_monitor::evict(struct disk_perf* perf) {
+    mStats.read_perf.evict(perf->read_perf);
+    mStats.read_ios.evict(perf->read_ios);
+    mStats.write_perf.evict(perf->write_perf);
+    mStats.write_ios.evict(perf->write_ios);
+    mStats.queue.evict(perf->queue);
+}
+
+bool disk_stats_monitor::detect(struct disk_perf* perf) {
+    return ((double)perf->queue >= (double)mMean.queue + mSigma * (double)mStd.queue) &&
+            ((double)perf->read_perf < (double)mMean.read_perf - mSigma * (double)mStd.read_perf) &&
+            ((double)perf->write_perf < (double)mMean.write_perf - mSigma * (double)mStd.write_perf);
+}
+
+void disk_stats_monitor::update(struct disk_stats* stats) {
+    struct disk_stats inc = get_inc_disk_stats(&mPrevious, stats);
+    struct disk_perf perf = get_disk_perf(&inc);
+    // Update internal data structures
+    if (LIKELY(mValid)) {
+        CHECK_EQ(mBuffer.size(), mWindow);
+
+        if (UNLIKELY(detect(&perf))) {
+            mStall = true;
+            add_disk_stats(&inc, &mAccumulate);
+            log_debug_disk_perf(&mMean, "stalled_mean");
+            log_debug_disk_perf(&mStd, "stalled_std");
+        } else {
+            if (mStall) {
+                struct disk_perf acc_perf = get_disk_perf(&mAccumulate);
+                log_debug_disk_perf(&acc_perf, "stalled");
+                log_event_disk_stats(&mAccumulate, "stalled");
+                mStall = false;
+                memset(&mAccumulate, 0, sizeof(mAccumulate));
+            }
+        }
+
+        evict(&mBuffer.front());
+        mBuffer.pop();
+        add(&perf);
+        mBuffer.push(perf);
+
+        update_mean();
+        update_std();
+
+    } else { /* mValid == false */
+        CHECK_LT(mBuffer.size(), mWindow);
+        add(&perf);
+        mBuffer.push(perf);
+        if (mBuffer.size() == mWindow) {
+            mValid = true;
+            update_mean();
+            update_std();
+        }
+    }
+
+    mPrevious = *stats;
+}
+
+void disk_stats_monitor::update(void) {
+    struct disk_stats curr;
+    if (LIKELY(parse_disk_stats(DISK_STATS_PATH, &curr))) {
+        update(&curr);
+    }
+}
+
+static sp<IBatteryPropertiesRegistrar> get_battery_properties_service() {
+    sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
+    if (sm == NULL) return NULL;
+
+    sp<IBinder> binder = sm->getService(String16("batteryproperties"));
+    if (binder == NULL) return NULL;
+
+    sp<IBatteryPropertiesRegistrar> battery_properties =
+        interface_cast<IBatteryPropertiesRegistrar>(binder);
+
+    return battery_properties;
+}
+
+static inline charger_stat_t is_charger_on(int64_t prop) {
+    return (prop == BATTERY_STATUS_CHARGING || prop == BATTERY_STATUS_FULL) ?
+        CHARGER_ON : CHARGER_OFF;
+}
+
+void storaged_t::batteryPropertiesChanged(struct BatteryProperties props) {
+    mUidm.set_charger_state(is_charger_on(props.batteryStatus));
+}
+
+void storaged_t::init_battery_service() {
+    if (!mConfig.proc_uid_io_available)
+        return;
+
+    battery_properties = get_battery_properties_service();
+    if (battery_properties == NULL) {
+        LOG_TO(SYSTEM, WARNING) << "failed to find batteryproperties service";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    struct BatteryProperty val;
+    battery_properties->getProperty(BATTERY_PROP_BATTERY_STATUS, &val);
+    mUidm.init(is_charger_on(val.valueInt64));
+
+    // register listener after init uid_monitor
+    battery_properties->registerListener(this);
+    IInterface::asBinder(battery_properties)->linkToDeath(this);
+}
+
+void storaged_t::binderDied(const wp<IBinder>& who) {
+    if (battery_properties != NULL &&
+        IInterface::asBinder(battery_properties) == who) {
+        LOG_TO(SYSTEM, ERROR) << "batteryproperties service died, exiting";
+        IPCThreadState::self()->stopProcess();
+        exit(1);
+    } else {
+        LOG_TO(SYSTEM, ERROR) << "unknown service died";
+    }
+}
+
+/* storaged_t */
+storaged_t::storaged_t(void) {
+    if (access(MMC_DISK_STATS_PATH, R_OK) < 0 && access(SDA_DISK_STATS_PATH, R_OK) < 0) {
+        mConfig.diskstats_available = false;
+    } else {
+        mConfig.diskstats_available = true;
+    }
+
+    mConfig.proc_uid_io_available = (access(UID_IO_STATS_PATH, R_OK) == 0);
+
+    mConfig.periodic_chores_interval_unit =
+        property_get_int32("ro.storaged.event.interval", DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_UNIT);
+
+    mConfig.event_time_check_usec =
+        property_get_int32("ro.storaged.event.perf_check", 0);
+
+    mConfig.periodic_chores_interval_disk_stats_publish =
+        property_get_int32("ro.storaged.disk_stats_pub", DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_DISK_STATS_PUBLISH);
+
+    mConfig.periodic_chores_interval_uid_io =
+        property_get_int32("ro.storaged.uid_io.interval", DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_UID_IO);
+
+    mStarttime = time(NULL);
+}
+
+void storaged_t::event(void) {
+    if (mConfig.diskstats_available) {
+        mDiskStats.update();
+        mDsm.update();
+        if (mTimer && (mTimer % mConfig.periodic_chores_interval_disk_stats_publish) == 0) {
+            mDiskStats.publish();
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (mConfig.proc_uid_io_available && mTimer &&
+            (mTimer % mConfig.periodic_chores_interval_uid_io) == 0) {
+         mUidm.report();
+    }
+
+    mTimer += mConfig.periodic_chores_interval_unit;
+}
+
+void storaged_t::event_checked(void) {
+    struct timespec start_ts, end_ts;
+    bool check_time = true;
+
+    if (mConfig.event_time_check_usec &&
+        clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &start_ts) < 0) {
+        check_time = false;
+        static time_t state_a;
+        IF_ALOG_RATELIMIT_LOCAL(300, &state_a) {
+            PLOG_TO(SYSTEM, ERROR) << "clock_gettime() failed";
+        }
+    }
+
+    event();
+
+    if (mConfig.event_time_check_usec && check_time) {
+        if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &end_ts) < 0) {
+            static time_t state_b;
+            IF_ALOG_RATELIMIT_LOCAL(300, &state_b) {
+                PLOG_TO(SYSTEM, ERROR) << "clock_gettime() failed";
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+        int64_t cost = (end_ts.tv_sec - start_ts.tv_sec) * SEC_TO_USEC +
+                       (end_ts.tv_nsec - start_ts.tv_nsec) / USEC_TO_NSEC;
+        if (cost > mConfig.event_time_check_usec) {
+            LOG_TO(SYSTEM, ERROR)
+                << "event loop spent " << cost << " usec, threshold "
+                << mConfig.event_time_check_usec << " usec";
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/storaged/storaged.rc b/storaged/storaged.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a24c7fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storaged/storaged.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+service storaged /system/bin/storaged
+    class main
+    priority 10
+    file /d/mmc0/mmc0:0001/ext_csd r
+    writepid /dev/cpuset/system-background/tasks
+    user root
+    group package_info
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/storaged/storaged_info.cpp b/storaged/storaged_info.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..434bd74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storaged/storaged_info.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "storaged"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <log/log_event_list.h>
+
+#include "storaged.h"
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace android::base;
+
+void report_storage_health()
+{
+    emmc_info_t mmc;
+    ufs_info_t ufs;
+
+    mmc.report();
+    ufs.report();
+}
+
+void storage_info_t::publish()
+{
+    android_log_event_list(EVENTLOGTAG_EMMCINFO)
+        << version << eol << lifetime_a << lifetime_b
+        << LOG_ID_EVENTS;
+}
+
+bool emmc_info_t::report()
+{
+    if (!report_sysfs() && !report_debugfs())
+        return false;
+
+    publish();
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool emmc_info_t::report_sysfs()
+{
+    string buffer;
+    uint16_t rev = 0;
+
+    if (!ReadFileToString(emmc_sysfs + "rev", &buffer)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (sscanf(buffer.c_str(), "0x%hx", &rev) < 1 ||
+        rev < 7 || rev > ARRAY_SIZE(emmc_ver_str)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    version = "emmc ";
+    version += emmc_ver_str[rev];
+
+    if (!ReadFileToString(emmc_sysfs + "pre_eol_info", &buffer)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (sscanf(buffer.c_str(), "%hx", &eol) < 1 || eol == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!ReadFileToString(emmc_sysfs + "life_time", &buffer)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (sscanf(buffer.c_str(), "0x%hx 0x%hx", &lifetime_a, &lifetime_b) < 2 ||
+        (lifetime_a == 0 && lifetime_b == 0)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+const size_t EXT_CSD_FILE_MIN_SIZE = 1024;
+/* 2 characters in string for each byte */
+const size_t EXT_CSD_REV_IDX = 192 * 2;
+const size_t EXT_PRE_EOL_INFO_IDX = 267 * 2;
+const size_t EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_A_IDX = 268 * 2;
+const size_t EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_B_IDX = 269 * 2;
+
+bool emmc_info_t::report_debugfs()
+{
+    string buffer;
+    uint16_t rev = 0;
+
+    if (!ReadFileToString(emmc_debugfs, &buffer) ||
+        buffer.length() < (size_t)EXT_CSD_FILE_MIN_SIZE) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    string str = buffer.substr(EXT_CSD_REV_IDX, 2);
+    if (!ParseUint(str, &rev) ||
+        rev < 7 || rev > ARRAY_SIZE(emmc_ver_str)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    version = "emmc ";
+    version += emmc_ver_str[rev];
+
+    str = buffer.substr(EXT_PRE_EOL_INFO_IDX, 2);
+    if (!ParseUint(str, &eol)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    str = buffer.substr(EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_A_IDX, 2);
+    if (!ParseUint(str, &lifetime_a)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    str = buffer.substr(EXT_DEVICE_LIFE_TIME_EST_B_IDX, 2);
+    if (!ParseUint(str, &lifetime_b)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ufs_info_t::report()
+{
+    string buffer;
+    if (!ReadFileToString(health_file, &buffer)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    vector<string> lines = Split(buffer, "\n");
+    if (lines.empty()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    char rev[8];
+    if (sscanf(lines[0].c_str(), "ufs version: 0x%7s\n", rev) < 1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    version = "ufs " + string(rev);
+
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < lines.size(); i++) {
+        char token[32];
+        uint16_t val;
+        int ret;
+        if ((ret = sscanf(lines[i].c_str(),
+                   "Health Descriptor[Byte offset 0x%*d]: %31s = 0x%hx",
+                   token, &val)) < 2) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (string(token) == "bPreEOLInfo") {
+            eol = val;
+        } else if (string(token) == "bDeviceLifeTimeEstA") {
+            lifetime_a = val;
+        } else if (string(token) == "bDeviceLifeTimeEstB") {
+            lifetime_b = val;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (eol == 0 || (lifetime_a == 0 && lifetime_b == 0)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    publish();
+    return true;
+}
+
diff --git a/storaged/storaged_service.cpp b/storaged/storaged_service.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1d3bfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storaged/storaged_service.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/parsedouble.h>
+#include <binder/IBinder.h>
+#include <binder/IInterface.h>
+
+#include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
+#include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
+#include <binder/PermissionCache.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+
+#include <storaged.h>
+#include <storaged_service.h>
+
+using namespace android::base;
+
+extern sp<storaged_t> storaged;
+
+std::vector<struct uid_info> BpStoraged::dump_uids(const char* /*option*/) {
+    Parcel data, reply;
+    data.writeInterfaceToken(IStoraged::getInterfaceDescriptor());
+
+    remote()->transact(DUMPUIDS, data, &reply);
+
+    uint32_t res_size = reply.readInt32();
+    std::vector<struct uid_info> res(res_size);
+    for (auto&& uid : res) {
+        uid.uid = reply.readInt32();
+        uid.name = reply.readCString();
+        reply.read(&uid.io, sizeof(uid.io));
+    }
+    return res;
+}
+IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(Storaged, "Storaged");
+
+status_t BnStoraged::onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags) {
+    switch(code) {
+        case DUMPUIDS: {
+                if (!data.checkInterface(this))
+                    return BAD_TYPE;
+                std::vector<struct uid_info> res = dump_uids(NULL);
+                reply->writeInt32(res.size());
+                for (auto uid : res) {
+                    reply->writeInt32(uid.uid);
+                    reply->writeCString(uid.name.c_str());
+                    reply->write(&uid.io, sizeof(uid.io));
+                }
+                return NO_ERROR;
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            return BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<struct uid_info> Storaged::dump_uids(const char* /* option */) {
+    std::vector<struct uid_info> uids_v;
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, struct uid_info> uids_m = storaged->get_uids();
+
+    for (const auto& it : uids_m) {
+        uids_v.push_back(it.second);
+    }
+    return uids_v;
+}
+
+status_t Storaged::dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>& args) {
+    IPCThreadState* self = IPCThreadState::self();
+    const int pid = self->getCallingPid();
+    const int uid = self->getCallingUid();
+    if ((uid != AID_SHELL) &&
+        !PermissionCache::checkPermission(
+                String16("android.permission.DUMP"), pid, uid)) {
+        return PERMISSION_DENIED;
+    }
+
+    double hours = 0;
+    int time_window = 0;
+    uint64_t threshold = 0;
+    bool force_report = false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < args.size(); i++) {
+        const auto& arg = args[i];
+        if (arg == String16("--hours")) {
+            if (++i >= args.size())
+                break;
+            if(!ParseDouble(String8(args[i]).c_str(), &hours))
+                return BAD_VALUE;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (arg == String16("--time_window")) {
+            if (++i >= args.size())
+                break;
+            if(!ParseInt(String8(args[i]).c_str(), &time_window))
+                return BAD_VALUE;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (arg == String16("--threshold")) {
+            if (++i >= args.size())
+                break;
+            if(!ParseUint(String8(args[i]).c_str(), &threshold))
+                return BAD_VALUE;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (arg == String16("--force")) {
+            force_report = true;
+            continue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    uint64_t last_ts = 0;
+    const std::map<uint64_t, struct uid_records>& records =
+                storaged->get_uid_records(hours, threshold, force_report);
+    for (const auto& it : records) {
+        if (last_ts != it.second.start_ts) {
+            dprintf(fd, "%llu", (unsigned long long)it.second.start_ts);
+        }
+        dprintf(fd, ",%llu\n", (unsigned long long)it.first);
+        last_ts = it.first;
+
+        for (const auto& record : it.second.entries) {
+            dprintf(fd, "%s %ju %ju %ju %ju %ju %ju %ju %ju\n",
+                record.name.c_str(),
+                record.ios.bytes[READ][FOREGROUND][CHARGER_OFF],
+                record.ios.bytes[WRITE][FOREGROUND][CHARGER_OFF],
+                record.ios.bytes[READ][BACKGROUND][CHARGER_OFF],
+                record.ios.bytes[WRITE][BACKGROUND][CHARGER_OFF],
+                record.ios.bytes[READ][FOREGROUND][CHARGER_ON],
+                record.ios.bytes[WRITE][FOREGROUND][CHARGER_ON],
+                record.ios.bytes[READ][BACKGROUND][CHARGER_ON],
+                record.ios.bytes[WRITE][BACKGROUND][CHARGER_ON]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (time_window) {
+        storaged->update_uid_io_interval(time_window);
+    }
+
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+sp<IStoraged> get_storaged_service() {
+    sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
+    if (sm == NULL) return NULL;
+
+    sp<IBinder> binder = sm->getService(String16("storaged"));
+    if (binder == NULL) return NULL;
+
+    sp<IStoraged> storaged = interface_cast<IStoraged>(binder);
+
+    return storaged;
+}
diff --git a/storaged/storaged_uid_monitor.cpp b/storaged/storaged_uid_monitor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5bb98e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storaged/storaged_uid_monitor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "storaged"
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <log/log_event_list.h>
+#include <packagelistparser/packagelistparser.h>
+
+#include "storaged.h"
+#include "storaged_uid_monitor.h"
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace android::base;
+
+static bool packagelist_parse_cb(pkg_info* info, void* userdata)
+{
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, struct uid_info>* uids =
+        reinterpret_cast<std::unordered_map<uint32_t, struct uid_info>*>(userdata);
+
+    if (uids->find(info->uid) != uids->end()) {
+        (*uids)[info->uid].name = info->name;
+    }
+
+    packagelist_free(info);
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::unordered_map<uint32_t, struct uid_info> uid_monitor::get_uid_io_stats()
+{
+    std::unique_ptr<lock_t> lock(new lock_t(&um_lock));
+    return get_uid_io_stats_locked();
+};
+
+std::unordered_map<uint32_t, struct uid_info> uid_monitor::get_uid_io_stats_locked()
+{
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, struct uid_info> uid_io_stats;
+    std::string buffer;
+    if (!ReadFileToString(UID_IO_STATS_PATH, &buffer)) {
+        PLOG_TO(SYSTEM, ERROR) << UID_IO_STATS_PATH << ": ReadFileToString failed";
+        return uid_io_stats;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> io_stats = Split(buffer, "\n");
+    struct uid_info u;
+    bool refresh_uid = false;
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < io_stats.size(); i++) {
+        if (io_stats[i].empty()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::vector<std::string> fields = Split(io_stats[i], " ");
+        if (fields.size() < 11 ||
+            !ParseUint(fields[0],  &u.uid) ||
+            !ParseUint(fields[1],  &u.io[FOREGROUND].rchar) ||
+            !ParseUint(fields[2],  &u.io[FOREGROUND].wchar) ||
+            !ParseUint(fields[3],  &u.io[FOREGROUND].read_bytes) ||
+            !ParseUint(fields[4],  &u.io[FOREGROUND].write_bytes) ||
+            !ParseUint(fields[5],  &u.io[BACKGROUND].rchar) ||
+            !ParseUint(fields[6],  &u.io[BACKGROUND].wchar) ||
+            !ParseUint(fields[7],  &u.io[BACKGROUND].read_bytes) ||
+            !ParseUint(fields[8],  &u.io[BACKGROUND].write_bytes) ||
+            !ParseUint(fields[9],  &u.io[FOREGROUND].fsync) ||
+            !ParseUint(fields[10], &u.io[BACKGROUND].fsync)) {
+            LOG_TO(SYSTEM, WARNING) << "Invalid I/O stats: \""
+                                    << io_stats[i] << "\"";
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (last_uid_io_stats.find(u.uid) == last_uid_io_stats.end()) {
+            refresh_uid = true;
+            u.name = std::to_string(u.uid);
+        } else {
+            u.name = last_uid_io_stats[u.uid].name;
+        }
+        uid_io_stats[u.uid] = u;
+    }
+
+    if (refresh_uid) {
+        packagelist_parse(packagelist_parse_cb, &uid_io_stats);
+    }
+
+    return uid_io_stats;
+}
+
+static const int MAX_UID_RECORDS_SIZE = 1000 * 48; // 1000 uids in 48 hours
+
+static inline int records_size(
+    const std::map<uint64_t, struct uid_records>& curr_records)
+{
+    int count = 0;
+    for (auto const& it : curr_records) {
+        count += it.second.entries.size();
+    }
+    return count;
+}
+
+static struct uid_io_usage zero_io_usage;
+
+void uid_monitor::add_records_locked(uint64_t curr_ts)
+{
+    // remove records more than 5 days old
+    if (curr_ts > 5 * DAY_TO_SEC) {
+        auto it = records.lower_bound(curr_ts - 5 * DAY_TO_SEC);
+        records.erase(records.begin(), it);
+    }
+
+    struct uid_records new_records;
+    for (const auto& p : curr_io_stats) {
+        struct uid_record record = {};
+        record.name = p.first;
+        record.ios = p.second;
+        if (memcmp(&record.ios, &zero_io_usage, sizeof(struct uid_io_usage))) {
+            new_records.entries.push_back(record);
+        }
+    }
+
+    curr_io_stats.clear();
+    new_records.start_ts = start_ts;
+    start_ts = curr_ts;
+
+    if (new_records.entries.empty())
+      return;
+
+    // make some room for new records
+    int overflow = records_size(records) +
+        new_records.entries.size() - MAX_UID_RECORDS_SIZE;
+    while (overflow > 0 && records.size() > 0) {
+        auto del_it = records.begin();
+        overflow -= del_it->second.entries.size();
+        records.erase(records.begin());
+    }
+
+    records[curr_ts] = new_records;
+}
+
+std::map<uint64_t, struct uid_records> uid_monitor::dump(
+    double hours, uint64_t threshold, bool force_report)
+{
+    if (force_report) {
+        report();
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<lock_t> lock(new lock_t(&um_lock));
+
+    std::map<uint64_t, struct uid_records> dump_records;
+    uint64_t first_ts = 0;
+
+    if (hours != 0) {
+        first_ts = time(NULL) - hours * HOUR_TO_SEC;
+    }
+
+    for (auto it = records.lower_bound(first_ts); it != records.end(); ++it) {
+        const std::vector<struct uid_record>& recs = it->second.entries;
+        struct uid_records filtered;
+
+        for (const auto& rec : recs) {
+            if (rec.ios.bytes[READ][FOREGROUND][CHARGER_ON] +
+                rec.ios.bytes[READ][FOREGROUND][CHARGER_OFF] +
+                rec.ios.bytes[READ][BACKGROUND][CHARGER_ON] +
+                rec.ios.bytes[READ][BACKGROUND][CHARGER_OFF] +
+                rec.ios.bytes[WRITE][FOREGROUND][CHARGER_ON] +
+                rec.ios.bytes[WRITE][FOREGROUND][CHARGER_OFF] +
+                rec.ios.bytes[WRITE][BACKGROUND][CHARGER_ON] +
+                rec.ios.bytes[WRITE][BACKGROUND][CHARGER_OFF] > threshold) {
+                filtered.entries.push_back(rec);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (filtered.entries.empty())
+            continue;
+
+        filtered.start_ts = it->second.start_ts;
+        dump_records.insert(
+            std::pair<uint64_t, struct uid_records>(it->first, filtered));
+    }
+
+    return dump_records;
+}
+
+void uid_monitor::update_curr_io_stats_locked()
+{
+    std::unordered_map<uint32_t, struct uid_info> uid_io_stats =
+        get_uid_io_stats_locked();
+    if (uid_io_stats.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& it : uid_io_stats) {
+        const struct uid_info& uid = it.second;
+
+        if (curr_io_stats.find(uid.name) == curr_io_stats.end()) {
+          curr_io_stats[uid.name] = {};
+        }
+
+        struct uid_io_usage& usage = curr_io_stats[uid.name];
+        int64_t fg_rd_delta = uid.io[FOREGROUND].read_bytes -
+            last_uid_io_stats[uid.uid].io[FOREGROUND].read_bytes;
+        int64_t bg_rd_delta = uid.io[BACKGROUND].read_bytes -
+            last_uid_io_stats[uid.uid].io[BACKGROUND].read_bytes;
+        int64_t fg_wr_delta = uid.io[FOREGROUND].write_bytes -
+            last_uid_io_stats[uid.uid].io[FOREGROUND].write_bytes;
+        int64_t bg_wr_delta = uid.io[BACKGROUND].write_bytes -
+            last_uid_io_stats[uid.uid].io[BACKGROUND].write_bytes;
+
+        usage.bytes[READ][FOREGROUND][charger_stat] +=
+            (fg_rd_delta < 0) ? uid.io[FOREGROUND].read_bytes : fg_rd_delta;
+        usage.bytes[READ][BACKGROUND][charger_stat] +=
+            (bg_rd_delta < 0) ? uid.io[BACKGROUND].read_bytes : bg_rd_delta;
+        usage.bytes[WRITE][FOREGROUND][charger_stat] +=
+            (fg_wr_delta < 0) ? uid.io[FOREGROUND].write_bytes : fg_wr_delta;
+        usage.bytes[WRITE][BACKGROUND][charger_stat] +=
+            (bg_wr_delta < 0) ? uid.io[BACKGROUND].write_bytes : bg_wr_delta;
+    }
+
+    last_uid_io_stats = uid_io_stats;
+}
+
+void uid_monitor::report()
+{
+    std::unique_ptr<lock_t> lock(new lock_t(&um_lock));
+
+    update_curr_io_stats_locked();
+    add_records_locked(time(NULL));
+}
+
+void uid_monitor::set_charger_state(charger_stat_t stat)
+{
+    std::unique_ptr<lock_t> lock(new lock_t(&um_lock));
+
+    if (charger_stat == stat) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    update_curr_io_stats_locked();
+    charger_stat = stat;
+}
+
+void uid_monitor::init(charger_stat_t stat)
+{
+    charger_stat = stat;
+    start_ts = time(NULL);
+    last_uid_io_stats = get_uid_io_stats();
+}
+
+uid_monitor::uid_monitor()
+{
+    sem_init(&um_lock, 0, 1);
+}
+
+uid_monitor::~uid_monitor()
+{
+    sem_destroy(&um_lock);
+}
diff --git a/storaged/storaged_utils.cpp b/storaged/storaged_utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74b7436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storaged/storaged_utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define LOG_TAG "storaged"
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/time.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <log/log_event_list.h>
+
+#include <storaged.h>
+#include <storaged_utils.h>
+
+bool parse_disk_stats(const char* disk_stats_path, struct disk_stats* stats) {
+    // Get time
+    struct timespec ts;
+    // Use monotonic to exclude suspend time so that we measure IO bytes/sec
+    // when system is running.
+    int ret = clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        PLOG_TO(SYSTEM, ERROR) << "clock_gettime() failed";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::string buffer;
+    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(disk_stats_path, &buffer)) {
+        PLOG_TO(SYSTEM, ERROR) << disk_stats_path << ": ReadFileToString failed.";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Regular diskstats entries
+    std::stringstream ss(buffer);
+    for (uint i = 0; i < DISK_STATS_SIZE; ++i) {
+        ss >> *((uint64_t*)stats + i);
+    }
+    // Other entries
+    stats->start_time = 0;
+    stats->end_time = (uint64_t)ts.tv_sec * SEC_TO_MSEC +
+        ts.tv_nsec / (MSEC_TO_USEC * USEC_TO_NSEC);
+    stats->counter = 1;
+    stats->io_avg = (double)stats->io_in_flight;
+    return true;
+}
+
+struct disk_perf get_disk_perf(struct disk_stats* stats) {
+    struct disk_perf perf;
+    memset(&perf, 0, sizeof(struct disk_perf));  // initialize
+
+    if (stats->io_ticks) {
+        if (stats->read_ticks) {
+            unsigned long long divisor = stats->read_ticks * stats->io_ticks;
+            perf.read_perf = ((unsigned long long)SECTOR_SIZE *
+                                        stats->read_sectors *
+                                        stats->io_in_queue +
+                                        (divisor >> 1)) /
+                                            divisor;
+            perf.read_ios = ((unsigned long long)SEC_TO_MSEC *
+                                        stats->read_ios *
+                                        stats->io_in_queue +
+                                        (divisor >> 1)) /
+                                            divisor;
+        }
+        if (stats->write_ticks) {
+            unsigned long long divisor = stats->write_ticks * stats->io_ticks;
+                        perf.write_perf = ((unsigned long long)SECTOR_SIZE *
+                                                    stats->write_sectors *
+                                                    stats->io_in_queue +
+                                                    (divisor >> 1)) /
+                                                        divisor;
+                        perf.write_ios = ((unsigned long long)SEC_TO_MSEC *
+                                                    stats->write_ios *
+                                                    stats->io_in_queue +
+                                                    (divisor >> 1)) /
+                                                        divisor;
+        }
+        perf.queue = (stats->io_in_queue + (stats->io_ticks >> 1)) /
+                                stats->io_ticks;
+    }
+    return perf;
+}
+
+struct disk_stats get_inc_disk_stats(struct disk_stats* prev, struct disk_stats* curr) {
+    struct disk_stats inc;
+    for (uint i = 0; i < DISK_STATS_SIZE; ++i) {
+        if (i == DISK_STATS_IO_IN_FLIGHT_IDX) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        *((uint64_t*)&inc + i) =
+                *((uint64_t*)curr + i) - *((uint64_t*)prev + i);
+    }
+    // io_in_flight is exception
+    inc.io_in_flight = curr->io_in_flight;
+
+    inc.start_time = prev->end_time;
+    inc.end_time = curr->end_time;
+    inc.io_avg = curr->io_avg;
+    inc.counter = 1;
+
+    return inc;
+}
+
+// Add src to dst
+void add_disk_stats(struct disk_stats* src, struct disk_stats* dst) {
+    if (dst->end_time != 0 && dst->end_time != src->start_time) {
+        LOG_TO(SYSTEM, WARNING) << "Two dis-continuous periods of diskstats"
+            << " are added. dst end with " << dst->end_time
+            << ", src start with " << src->start_time;
+    }
+
+    for (uint i = 0; i < DISK_STATS_SIZE; ++i) {
+        if (i == DISK_STATS_IO_IN_FLIGHT_IDX) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        *((uint64_t*)dst + i) += *((uint64_t*)src + i);
+    }
+
+    dst->io_in_flight = src->io_in_flight;
+    if (dst->counter + src->counter) {
+        dst->io_avg = ((dst->io_avg * dst->counter) + (src->io_avg * src->counter)) /
+                        (dst->counter + src->counter);
+    }
+    dst->counter += src->counter;
+    dst->end_time = src->end_time;
+    if (dst->start_time == 0) {
+        dst->start_time = src->start_time;
+    }
+}
+
+static bool cmp_uid_info(struct uid_info l, struct uid_info r) {
+    // Compare background I/O first.
+    for (int i = UID_STATS - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        uint64_t l_bytes = l.io[i].read_bytes + l.io[i].write_bytes;
+        uint64_t r_bytes = r.io[i].read_bytes + r.io[i].write_bytes;
+        uint64_t l_chars = l.io[i].rchar + l.io[i].wchar;
+        uint64_t r_chars = r.io[i].rchar + r.io[i].wchar;
+
+        if (l_bytes != r_bytes) {
+            return l_bytes > r_bytes;
+        }
+        if (l_chars != r_chars) {
+            return l_chars > r_chars;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return l.name < r.name;
+}
+
+void sort_running_uids_info(std::vector<struct uid_info> &uids) {
+    std::sort(uids.begin(), uids.end(), cmp_uid_info);
+}
+
+// Logging functions
+void log_console_running_uids_info(std::vector<struct uid_info> uids) {
+    printf("name/uid fg_rchar fg_wchar fg_rbytes fg_wbytes "
+           "bg_rchar bg_wchar bg_rbytes bg_wbytes fg_fsync bg_fsync\n");
+
+    for (const auto& uid : uids) {
+        printf("%s %ju %ju %ju %ju %ju %ju %ju %ju %ju %ju\n", uid.name.c_str(),
+            uid.io[0].rchar, uid.io[0].wchar, uid.io[0].read_bytes, uid.io[0].write_bytes,
+            uid.io[1].rchar, uid.io[1].wchar, uid.io[1].read_bytes, uid.io[1].write_bytes,
+            uid.io[0].fsync, uid.io[1].fsync);
+    }
+    fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+#if DEBUG
+void log_debug_disk_perf(struct disk_perf* perf, const char* type) {
+    // skip if the input structure are all zeros
+    if (perf == NULL) return;
+    struct disk_perf zero_cmp;
+    memset(&zero_cmp, 0, sizeof(zero_cmp));
+    if (memcmp(&zero_cmp, perf, sizeof(struct disk_perf)) == 0) return;
+
+    LOG_TO(SYSTEM, INFO) << "perf(ios) " << type
+              << " rd:" << perf->read_perf << "KB/s(" << perf->read_ios << "/s)"
+              << " wr:" << perf->write_perf << "KB/s(" << perf->write_ios << "/s)"
+              << " q:" << perf->queue;
+}
+#else
+void log_debug_disk_perf(struct disk_perf* /* perf */, const char* /* type */) {}
+#endif
+
+void log_event_disk_stats(struct disk_stats* stats, const char* type) {
+    // skip if the input structure are all zeros
+    if (stats == NULL) return;
+    struct disk_stats zero_cmp;
+    memset(&zero_cmp, 0, sizeof(zero_cmp));
+    // skip event logging diskstats when it is zero increment (all first 11 entries are zero)
+    if (memcmp(&zero_cmp, stats, sizeof(uint64_t) * DISK_STATS_SIZE) == 0) return;
+
+    android_log_event_list(EVENTLOGTAG_DISKSTATS)
+        << type << stats->start_time << stats->end_time
+        << stats->read_ios << stats->read_merges
+        << stats->read_sectors << stats->read_ticks
+        << stats->write_ios << stats->write_merges
+        << stats->write_sectors << stats->write_ticks
+        << (uint64_t)stats->io_avg << stats->io_ticks << stats->io_in_queue
+        << LOG_ID_EVENTS;
+}
+
diff --git a/storaged/tests/Android.mk b/storaged/tests/Android.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26d04b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storaged/tests/Android.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
+
+test_module_prefix := storaged-
+test_tags := tests
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Unit tests.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+test_c_flags := \
+    -fstack-protector-all \
+    -g \
+    -Wall -Wextra \
+    -Werror \
+    -fno-builtin \
+
+test_src_files := \
+    storaged_test.cpp \
+
+# Build tests for the logger. Run with:
+#   adb shell /data/nativetest/storaged-unit-tests/storaged-unit-tests
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+LOCAL_MODULE := $(test_module_prefix)unit-tests
+LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := $(test_tags)
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += $(test_c_flags)
+LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libstoraged
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libbase libcutils liblog libpackagelistparser
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(test_src_files)
+include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/storaged/tests/storaged_test.cpp b/storaged/tests/storaged_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b103ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/storaged/tests/storaged_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,351 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <deque>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <random>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <storaged.h>               // data structures
+#include <storaged_utils.h>         // functions to test
+
+#define MMC_DISK_STATS_PATH "/sys/block/mmcblk0/stat"
+#define SDA_DISK_STATS_PATH "/sys/block/sda/stat"
+
+static void pause(uint32_t sec) {
+    const char* path = "/cache/test";
+    int fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0600);
+    ASSERT_LT(-1, fd);
+    char buffer[2048];
+    memset(buffer, 1, sizeof(buffer));
+    int loop_size = 100;
+    for (int i = 0; i < loop_size; ++i) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(2048, write(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+    }
+    fsync(fd);
+    close(fd);
+
+    fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+    ASSERT_LT(-1, fd);
+    for (int i = 0; i < loop_size; ++i) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(2048, read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
+    }
+    close(fd);
+
+    sleep(sec);
+}
+
+// the return values of the tested functions should be the expected ones
+const char* DISK_STATS_PATH;
+TEST(storaged_test, retvals) {
+    struct disk_stats stats;
+    memset(&stats, 0, sizeof(struct disk_stats));
+
+    if (access(MMC_DISK_STATS_PATH, R_OK) >= 0) {
+        DISK_STATS_PATH = MMC_DISK_STATS_PATH;
+    } else if (access(SDA_DISK_STATS_PATH, R_OK) >= 0) {
+        DISK_STATS_PATH = SDA_DISK_STATS_PATH;
+    } else {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse_disk_stats(DISK_STATS_PATH, &stats));
+
+    struct disk_stats old_stats;
+    memset(&old_stats, 0, sizeof(struct disk_stats));
+    old_stats = stats;
+
+    const char wrong_path[] = "/this/is/wrong";
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_disk_stats(wrong_path, &stats));
+
+    // reading a wrong path should not damage the output structure
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, memcmp(&stats, &old_stats, sizeof(disk_stats)));
+}
+
+TEST(storaged_test, disk_stats) {
+    struct disk_stats stats;
+    memset(&stats, 0, sizeof(struct disk_stats));
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(parse_disk_stats(DISK_STATS_PATH, &stats));
+
+    // every entry of stats (except io_in_flight) should all be greater than 0
+    for (uint i = 0; i < DISK_STATS_SIZE; ++i) {
+        if (i == 8) continue; // skip io_in_flight which can be 0
+        EXPECT_LT((uint64_t)0, *((uint64_t*)&stats + i));
+    }
+
+    // accumulation of the increments should be the same with the overall increment
+    struct disk_stats base, tmp, curr, acc, inc[5];
+    memset(&base, 0, sizeof(struct disk_stats));
+    memset(&tmp, 0, sizeof(struct disk_stats));
+    memset(&acc, 0, sizeof(struct disk_stats));
+
+    for (uint i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(parse_disk_stats(DISK_STATS_PATH, &curr));
+        if (i == 0) {
+            base = curr;
+            tmp = curr;
+            sleep(5);
+            continue;
+        }
+        inc[i] = get_inc_disk_stats(&tmp, &curr);
+        add_disk_stats(&inc[i], &acc);
+        tmp = curr;
+        pause(5);
+    }
+    struct disk_stats overall_inc;
+    memset(&overall_inc, 0, sizeof(disk_stats));
+    overall_inc= get_inc_disk_stats(&base, &curr);
+
+    for (uint i = 0; i < DISK_STATS_SIZE; ++i) {
+        if (i == 8) continue; // skip io_in_flight which can be 0
+        EXPECT_EQ(*((uint64_t*)&overall_inc + i), *((uint64_t*)&acc + i));
+    }
+}
+
+static double mean(std::deque<uint32_t> nums) {
+    double sum = 0.0;
+    for (uint32_t i : nums) {
+    sum += i;
+    }
+    return sum / nums.size();
+}
+
+static double standard_deviation(std::deque<uint32_t> nums) {
+    double sum = 0.0;
+    double avg = mean(nums);
+    for (uint32_t i : nums) {
+    sum += ((double)i - avg) * ((double)i - avg);
+    }
+    return sqrt(sum / nums.size());
+}
+
+TEST(storaged_test, stream_stats) {
+    // 100 random numbers
+    std::vector<uint32_t> data = {8147,9058,1270,9134,6324,975,2785,5469,9575,9649,1576,9706,9572,4854,8003,1419,4218,9157,7922,9595,6557,357,8491,9340,6787,7577,7431,3922,6555,1712,7060,318,2769,462,971,8235,6948,3171,9502,344,4387,3816,7655,7952,1869,4898,4456,6463,7094,7547,2760,6797,6551,1626,1190,4984,9597,3404,5853,2238,7513,2551,5060,6991,8909,9593,5472,1386,1493,2575,8407,2543,8143,2435,9293,3500,1966,2511,6160,4733,3517,8308,5853,5497,9172,2858,7572,7537,3804,5678,759,540,5308,7792,9340,1299,5688,4694,119,3371};
+    std::deque<uint32_t> test_data;
+    stream_stats sstats;
+    for (uint32_t i : data) {
+        test_data.push_back(i);
+        sstats.add(i);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ((int)standard_deviation(test_data), (int)sstats.get_std());
+        EXPECT_EQ((int)mean(test_data), (int)sstats.get_mean());
+    }
+
+    for (uint32_t i : data) {
+        test_data.pop_front();
+        sstats.evict(i);
+
+        EXPECT_EQ((int)standard_deviation(test_data), (int)sstats.get_std());
+        EXPECT_EQ((int)mean(test_data), (int)sstats.get_mean());
+    }
+
+    // some real data
+    std::vector<uint32_t> another_data = {113875,81620,103145,28327,86855,207414,96526,52567,28553,250311};
+    test_data.clear();
+    uint32_t window_size = 2;
+    uint32_t idx;
+    stream_stats sstats1;
+    for (idx = 0; idx < window_size; ++idx) {
+        test_data.push_back(another_data[idx]);
+        sstats1.add(another_data[idx]);
+    }
+    EXPECT_EQ((int)standard_deviation(test_data), (int)sstats1.get_std());
+    EXPECT_EQ((int)mean(test_data), (int)sstats1.get_mean());
+    for (;idx < another_data.size(); ++idx) {
+        test_data.pop_front();
+        sstats1.evict(another_data[idx - window_size]);
+        test_data.push_back(another_data[idx]);
+        sstats1.add(another_data[idx]);
+        EXPECT_EQ((int)standard_deviation(test_data), (int)sstats1.get_std());
+        EXPECT_EQ((int)mean(test_data), (int)sstats1.get_mean());
+    }
+}
+
+static struct disk_perf disk_perf_multiply(struct disk_perf perf, double mul) {
+    struct disk_perf retval;
+    retval.read_perf = (double)perf.read_perf * mul;
+    retval.read_ios = (double)perf.read_ios * mul;
+    retval.write_perf = (double)perf.write_perf * mul;
+    retval.write_ios = (double)perf.write_ios * mul;
+    retval.queue = (double)perf.queue * mul;
+
+    return retval;
+}
+
+static struct disk_stats disk_stats_add(struct disk_stats stats1, struct disk_stats stats2) {
+    struct disk_stats retval;
+    retval.read_ios = stats1.read_ios + stats2.read_ios;
+    retval.read_merges = stats1.read_merges + stats2.read_merges;
+    retval.read_sectors = stats1.read_sectors + stats2.read_sectors;
+    retval.read_ticks = stats1.read_ticks + stats2.read_ticks;
+    retval.write_ios = stats1.write_ios + stats2.write_ios;
+    retval.write_merges = stats1.write_merges + stats2.write_merges;
+    retval.write_sectors = stats1.write_sectors + stats2.write_sectors;
+    retval.write_ticks = stats1.write_ticks + stats2.write_ticks;
+    retval.io_in_flight = stats1.io_in_flight + stats2.io_in_flight;
+    retval.io_ticks = stats1.io_ticks + stats2.io_ticks;
+    retval.io_in_queue = stats1.io_in_queue + stats2.io_in_queue;
+    retval.end_time = stats1.end_time + stats2.end_time;
+
+    return retval;
+}
+
+TEST(storaged_test, disk_stats_monitor) {
+    // asserting that there is one file for diskstats
+    ASSERT_TRUE(access(MMC_DISK_STATS_PATH, R_OK) >= 0 || access(SDA_DISK_STATS_PATH, R_OK) >= 0);
+    // testing if detect() will return the right value
+    disk_stats_monitor dsm_detect;
+    // feed monitor with constant perf data for io perf baseline
+    // using constant perf is reasonable since the functionality of stream_stats
+    // has already been tested
+    struct disk_perf norm_perf = {
+        .read_perf = 10 * 1024,
+        .read_ios = 50,
+        .write_perf = 5 * 1024,
+        .write_ios = 25,
+        .queue = 5
+    };
+
+    std::random_device rd;
+    std::mt19937 gen(rd());
+    std::uniform_real_distribution<> rand(0.8, 1.2);
+
+    for (uint i = 0; i < dsm_detect.mWindow; ++i) {
+        struct disk_perf perf = disk_perf_multiply(norm_perf, rand(gen));
+
+        dsm_detect.add(&perf);
+        dsm_detect.mBuffer.push(perf);
+        EXPECT_EQ(dsm_detect.mBuffer.size(), (uint64_t)i + 1);
+    }
+
+    dsm_detect.mValid = true;
+    dsm_detect.update_mean();
+    dsm_detect.update_std();
+
+    for (double i = 0; i < 2 * dsm_detect.mSigma; i += 0.5) {
+        struct disk_perf test_perf;
+        struct disk_perf test_mean = dsm_detect.mMean;
+        struct disk_perf test_std = dsm_detect.mStd;
+
+        test_perf.read_perf = (double)test_mean.read_perf - i * test_std.read_perf;
+        test_perf.read_ios = (double)test_mean.read_ios - i * test_std.read_ios;
+        test_perf.write_perf = (double)test_mean.write_perf - i * test_std.write_perf;
+        test_perf.write_ios = (double)test_mean.write_ios - i * test_std.write_ios;
+        test_perf.queue = (double)test_mean.queue + i * test_std.queue;
+
+        EXPECT_EQ((i > dsm_detect.mSigma), dsm_detect.detect(&test_perf));
+    }
+
+    // testing if stalled disk_stats can be correctly accumulated in the monitor
+    disk_stats_monitor dsm_acc;
+    struct disk_stats norm_inc = {
+        .read_ios = 200,
+        .read_merges = 0,
+        .read_sectors = 200,
+        .read_ticks = 200,
+        .write_ios = 100,
+        .write_merges = 0,
+        .write_sectors = 100,
+        .write_ticks = 100,
+        .io_in_flight = 0,
+        .io_ticks = 600,
+        .io_in_queue = 300,
+        .start_time = 0,
+        .end_time = 100,
+        .counter = 0,
+        .io_avg = 0
+    };
+
+    struct disk_stats stall_inc = {
+        .read_ios = 200,
+        .read_merges = 0,
+        .read_sectors = 20,
+        .read_ticks = 200,
+        .write_ios = 100,
+        .write_merges = 0,
+        .write_sectors = 10,
+        .write_ticks = 100,
+        .io_in_flight = 0,
+        .io_ticks = 600,
+        .io_in_queue = 1200,
+        .start_time = 0,
+        .end_time = 100,
+        .counter = 0,
+        .io_avg = 0
+    };
+
+    struct disk_stats stats_base;
+    memset(&stats_base, 0, sizeof(stats_base));
+
+    int loop_size = 100;
+    for (int i = 0; i < loop_size; ++i) {
+        stats_base = disk_stats_add(stats_base, norm_inc);
+        dsm_acc.update(&stats_base);
+        EXPECT_EQ(dsm_acc.mValid, (uint32_t)(i + 1) >= dsm_acc.mWindow);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(dsm_acc.mStall);
+    }
+
+    stats_base = disk_stats_add(stats_base, stall_inc);
+    dsm_acc.update(&stats_base);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(dsm_acc.mValid);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(dsm_acc.mStall);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+        stats_base = disk_stats_add(stats_base, norm_inc);
+        dsm_acc.update(&stats_base);
+        EXPECT_TRUE(dsm_acc.mValid);
+        EXPECT_FALSE(dsm_acc.mStall);
+    }
+}
+
+static void expect_increasing(struct disk_stats stats1, struct disk_stats stats2) {
+    EXPECT_LE(stats1.read_ios, stats2.read_ios);
+    EXPECT_LE(stats1.read_merges, stats2.read_merges);
+    EXPECT_LE(stats1.read_sectors, stats2.read_sectors);
+    EXPECT_LE(stats1.read_ticks, stats2.read_ticks);
+
+    EXPECT_LE(stats1.write_ios, stats2.write_ios);
+    EXPECT_LE(stats1.write_merges, stats2.write_merges);
+    EXPECT_LE(stats1.write_sectors, stats2.write_sectors);
+    EXPECT_LE(stats1.write_ticks, stats2.write_ticks);
+
+    EXPECT_LE(stats1.io_ticks, stats2.io_ticks);
+    EXPECT_LE(stats1.io_in_queue, stats2.io_in_queue);
+}
+
+#define TEST_LOOPS 20
+TEST(storaged_test, disk_stats_publisher) {
+    // asserting that there is one file for diskstats
+    ASSERT_TRUE(access(MMC_DISK_STATS_PATH, R_OK) >= 0 || access(SDA_DISK_STATS_PATH, R_OK) >= 0);
+    disk_stats_publisher dsp;
+    struct disk_stats prev;
+    memset(&prev, 0, sizeof(prev));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < TEST_LOOPS; ++i) {
+        dsp.update();
+        expect_increasing(prev, dsp.mPrevious);
+        prev = dsp.mPrevious;
+        pause(10);
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/keymaster_ipc.h b/trusty/keymaster/keymaster_ipc.h
index b38eb05..d63757b 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/keymaster_ipc.h
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/keymaster_ipc.h
@@ -24,7 +24,8 @@
 // Commands
 enum keymaster_command : uint32_t {
     KEYMASTER_RESP_BIT              = 1,
-    KEYMASTER_REQ_SHIFT             = 1,
+    KEYMASTER_STOP_BIT              = 2,
+    KEYMASTER_REQ_SHIFT             = 2,
 
     KM_GENERATE_KEY                 = (0 << KEYMASTER_REQ_SHIFT),
     KM_BEGIN_OPERATION              = (1 << KEYMASTER_REQ_SHIFT),
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_device.cpp b/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_device.cpp
index 5f16fd0..55a03bd 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_device.cpp
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_device.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@
 #include "trusty_keymaster_device.h"
 #include "trusty_keymaster_ipc.h"
 
-const uint32_t RECV_BUF_SIZE = PAGE_SIZE;
+// Maximum size of message from Trusty is 8K (for RSA attestation key and chain)
+const uint32_t RECV_BUF_SIZE = 2*PAGE_SIZE;
 const uint32_t SEND_BUF_SIZE = (PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(struct keymaster_message) - 16 /* tipc header */);
 
 const size_t kMaximumAttestationChallengeLength = 128;
@@ -176,14 +177,14 @@
     }
 
     AuthorizationSet params_copy(*params);
-    ConfigureRequest request;
+    ConfigureRequest request(message_version_);
     if (!params_copy.GetTagValue(TAG_OS_VERSION, &request.os_version) ||
         !params_copy.GetTagValue(TAG_OS_PATCHLEVEL, &request.os_patchlevel)) {
         ALOGD("Configuration parameters must contain OS version and patch level");
         return KM_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
     }
 
-    ConfigureResponse response;
+    ConfigureResponse response(message_version_);
     keymaster_error_t err = Send(KM_CONFIGURE, request, &response);
     if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         return err;
@@ -199,9 +200,9 @@
         return error_;
     }
 
-    AddEntropyRequest request;
+    AddEntropyRequest request(message_version_);
     request.random_data.Reinitialize(data, data_length);
-    AddEntropyResponse response;
+    AddEntropyResponse response(message_version_);
     return Send(KM_ADD_RNG_ENTROPY, request, &response);
 }
 
@@ -260,11 +261,11 @@
         return KM_ERROR_OUTPUT_PARAMETER_NULL;
     }
 
-    GetKeyCharacteristicsRequest request;
+    GetKeyCharacteristicsRequest request(message_version_);
     request.SetKeyMaterial(*key_blob);
     AddClientAndAppData(client_id, app_data, &request);
 
-    GetKeyCharacteristicsResponse response;
+    GetKeyCharacteristicsResponse response(message_version_);
     keymaster_error_t err = Send(KM_GET_KEY_CHARACTERISTICS, request, &response);
     if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         return err;
@@ -378,7 +379,7 @@
     cert_chain->entry_count = 0;
     cert_chain->entries = nullptr;
 
-    AttestKeyRequest request;
+    AttestKeyRequest request(message_version_);
     request.SetKeyMaterial(*key_to_attest);
     request.attest_params.Reinitialize(*attest_params);
 
@@ -390,7 +391,7 @@
         return KM_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH;
     }
 
-    AttestKeyResponse response;
+    AttestKeyResponse response(message_version_);
     keymaster_error_t err = Send(KM_ATTEST_KEY, request, &response);
     if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         return err;
@@ -438,11 +439,11 @@
         return KM_ERROR_OUTPUT_PARAMETER_NULL;
     }
 
-    UpgradeKeyRequest request;
+    UpgradeKeyRequest request(message_version_);
     request.SetKeyMaterial(*key_to_upgrade);
     request.upgrade_params.Reinitialize(*upgrade_params);
 
-    UpgradeKeyResponse response;
+    UpgradeKeyResponse response(message_version_);
     keymaster_error_t err = Send(KM_UPGRADE_KEY, request, &response);
     if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         return err;
@@ -479,12 +480,12 @@
         *out_params = {};
     }
 
-    BeginOperationRequest request;
+    BeginOperationRequest request(message_version_);
     request.purpose = purpose;
     request.SetKeyMaterial(*key);
     request.additional_params.Reinitialize(*in_params);
 
-    BeginOperationResponse response;
+    BeginOperationResponse response(message_version_);
     keymaster_error_t err = Send(KM_BEGIN_OPERATION, request, &response);
     if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         return err;
@@ -527,7 +528,7 @@
         *output = {};
     }
 
-    UpdateOperationRequest request;
+    UpdateOperationRequest request(message_version_);
     request.op_handle = operation_handle;
     if (in_params) {
         request.additional_params.Reinitialize(*in_params);
@@ -537,7 +538,7 @@
         request.input.Reinitialize(input->data, std::min(input->data_length, max_input_size));
     }
 
-    UpdateOperationResponse response;
+    UpdateOperationResponse response(message_version_);
     keymaster_error_t err = Send(KM_UPDATE_OPERATION, request, &response);
     if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         return err;
@@ -576,7 +577,9 @@
         return error_;
     }
     if (input && input->data_length > kMaximumFinishInputLength) {
-        return KM_ERROR_INVALID_ARGUMENT;
+        ALOGE("%zu-byte input to finish; only %zu bytes allowed",
+              input->data_length, kMaximumFinishInputLength);
+        return KM_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH;
     }
 
     if (out_params) {
@@ -586,7 +589,7 @@
         *output = {};
     }
 
-    FinishOperationRequest request;
+    FinishOperationRequest request(message_version_);
     request.op_handle = operation_handle;
     if (signature && signature->data && signature->data_length > 0) {
         request.signature.Reinitialize(signature->data, signature->data_length);
@@ -598,7 +601,7 @@
         request.additional_params.Reinitialize(*in_params);
     }
 
-    FinishOperationResponse response;
+    FinishOperationResponse response(message_version_);
     keymaster_error_t err = Send(KM_FINISH_OPERATION, request, &response);
     if (err != KM_ERROR_OK) {
         return err;
@@ -631,9 +634,9 @@
         return error_;
     }
 
-    AbortOperationRequest request;
+    AbortOperationRequest request(message_version_);
     request.op_handle = operation_handle;
-    AbortOperationResponse response;
+    AbortOperationResponse response(message_version_);
     return Send(KM_ABORT_OPERATION, request, &response);
 }
 
@@ -768,6 +771,9 @@
     ALOGV("Sending %d byte request\n", (int)req.SerializedSize());
     int rc = trusty_keymaster_call(command, send_buf, req_size, recv_buf, &rsp_size);
     if (rc < 0) {
+        // Reset the connection on tipc error
+        trusty_keymaster_disconnect();
+        trusty_keymaster_connect();
         ALOGE("tipc error: %d\n", rc);
         // TODO(swillden): Distinguish permanent from transient errors and set error_ appropriately.
         return translate_error(rc);
@@ -775,8 +781,7 @@
         ALOGV("Received %d byte response\n", rsp_size);
     }
 
-    const keymaster_message* msg = (keymaster_message*)recv_buf;
-    const uint8_t* p = msg->payload;
+    const uint8_t* p = recv_buf;
     if (!rsp->Deserialize(&p, p + rsp_size)) {
         ALOGE("Error deserializing response of size %d\n", (int)rsp_size);
         return KM_ERROR_UNKNOWN_ERROR;
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_device_test.cpp b/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_device_test.cpp
index 3bb5430..e8f5c0b 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_device_test.cpp
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_device_test.cpp
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <fstream>
 
-#include <UniquePtr.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <nativehelper/UniquePtr.h>
 #include <openssl/engine.h>
 
 #include <hardware/keymaster0.h>
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_ipc.cpp b/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_ipc.cpp
index cdc2778..fbd0eb3 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_ipc.cpp
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/trusty_keymaster_ipc.cpp
@@ -21,8 +21,11 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
+
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <trusty/tipc.h>
 
@@ -31,7 +34,7 @@
 
 #define TRUSTY_DEVICE_NAME "/dev/trusty-ipc-dev0"
 
-static int handle_ = 0;
+static int handle_ = -1;
 
 int trusty_keymaster_connect() {
     int rc = tipc_connect(TRUSTY_DEVICE_NAME, KEYMASTER_PORT);
@@ -45,7 +48,7 @@
 
 int trusty_keymaster_call(uint32_t cmd, void* in, uint32_t in_size, uint8_t* out,
                           uint32_t* out_size) {
-    if (handle_ == 0) {
+    if (handle_ < 0) {
         ALOGE("not connected\n");
         return -EINVAL;
     }
@@ -62,32 +65,43 @@
         ALOGE("failed to send cmd (%d) to %s: %s\n", cmd, KEYMASTER_PORT, strerror(errno));
         return -errno;
     }
+    size_t out_max_size = *out_size;
+    *out_size = 0;
+    struct iovec iov[2];
+    struct keymaster_message header;
+    iov[0] = {.iov_base = &header, .iov_len = sizeof(struct keymaster_message)};
+    while (true) {
+        iov[1] = {
+            .iov_base = out + *out_size,
+            .iov_len = std::min<uint32_t>(KEYMASTER_MAX_BUFFER_LENGTH, out_max_size - *out_size)};
+        rc = readv(handle_, iov, 2);
+        if (rc < 0) {
+            ALOGE("failed to retrieve response for cmd (%d) to %s: %s\n", cmd, KEYMASTER_PORT,
+                  strerror(errno));
+            return -errno;
+        }
 
-    rc = read(handle_, out, *out_size);
-    if (rc < 0) {
-        ALOGE("failed to retrieve response for cmd (%d) to %s: %s\n", cmd, KEYMASTER_PORT,
-              strerror(errno));
-        return -errno;
+        if ((size_t)rc < sizeof(struct keymaster_message)) {
+            ALOGE("invalid response size (%d)\n", (int)rc);
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+
+        if ((cmd | KEYMASTER_RESP_BIT) != (header.cmd & ~(KEYMASTER_STOP_BIT))) {
+            ALOGE("invalid command (%d)", header.cmd);
+            return -EINVAL;
+        }
+        *out_size += ((size_t)rc - sizeof(struct keymaster_message));
+        if (header.cmd & KEYMASTER_STOP_BIT) {
+            break;
+        }
     }
 
-    if ((size_t)rc < sizeof(struct keymaster_message)) {
-        ALOGE("invalid response size (%d)\n", (int)rc);
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    msg = (struct keymaster_message*)out;
-
-    if ((cmd | KEYMASTER_RESP_BIT) != msg->cmd) {
-        ALOGE("invalid command (%d)", msg->cmd);
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    *out_size = ((size_t)rc) - sizeof(struct keymaster_message);
     return rc;
 }
 
 void trusty_keymaster_disconnect() {
-    if (handle_ != 0) {
+    if (handle_ >= 0) {
         tipc_close(handle_);
     }
+    handle_ = -1;
 }
diff --git a/trusty/storage/tests/Android.bp b/trusty/storage/tests/Android.bp
index 3eff3f2..1e4fced 100644
--- a/trusty/storage/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/storage/tests/Android.bp
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
         "-g",
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
-        "-std=gnu++11",
         "-Wno-missing-field-initializers",
     ],