diff --git a/adb/client/adb_client.cpp b/adb/client/adb_client.cpp
index 0ad0465..31c938c 100644
--- a/adb/client/adb_client.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/adb_client.cpp
@@ -416,14 +416,18 @@
     return android::base::StringPrintf("%s:%s", prefix, command);
 }
 
-const FeatureSet& adb_get_feature_set() {
-    static const android::base::NoDestructor<FeatureSet> features([] {
-        std::string result;
-        if (!adb_query(format_host_command("features"), &result, &result)) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "failed to get feature set: %s\n", result.c_str());
-            return FeatureSet{};
-        }
-        return StringToFeatureSet(result);
-    }());
-    return *features;
+const std::optional<FeatureSet>& adb_get_feature_set(std::string* error) {
+    static std::string cached_error [[clang::no_destroy]];
+    static const std::optional<FeatureSet> features
+            [[clang::no_destroy]] ([]() -> std::optional<FeatureSet> {
+                std::string result;
+                if (adb_query(format_host_command("features"), &result, &cached_error)) {
+                    return StringToFeatureSet(result);
+                }
+                return std::nullopt;
+            }());
+    if (!features && error) {
+        *error = cached_error;
+    }
+    return features;
 }
diff --git a/adb/client/adb_client.h b/adb/client/adb_client.h
index bf0be40..27be28f 100644
--- a/adb/client/adb_client.h
+++ b/adb/client/adb_client.h
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
 std::string format_host_command(const char* _Nonnull command);
 
 // Get the feature set of the current preferred transport.
-const FeatureSet& adb_get_feature_set();
+const std::optional<FeatureSet>& adb_get_feature_set(std::string* _Nullable error);
 
 #if defined(__linux__)
 // Get the path of a file containing the path to the server executable, if the socket spec set via
diff --git a/adb/client/adb_install.cpp b/adb/client/adb_install.cpp
index 3810cc8..59c8563 100644
--- a/adb/client/adb_install.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/adb_install.cpp
@@ -57,11 +57,12 @@
 }
 
 static bool can_use_feature(const char* feature) {
-    auto&& features = adb_get_feature_set();
-    if (features.empty()) {
+    // We ignore errors here, if the device is missing, we'll notice when we try to push install.
+    auto&& features = adb_get_feature_set(nullptr);
+    if (!features) {
         return false;
     }
-    return CanUseFeature(features, feature);
+    return CanUseFeature(*features, feature);
 }
 
 static InstallMode best_install_mode() {
diff --git a/adb/client/commandline.cpp b/adb/client/commandline.cpp
index 6a7493f..29f9dc1 100644
--- a/adb/client/commandline.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/commandline.cpp
@@ -672,16 +672,17 @@
 }
 
 static int adb_shell(int argc, const char** argv) {
-    auto&& features = adb_get_feature_set();
-    if (features.empty()) {
-        return 1;
+    std::string error;
+    auto&& features = adb_get_feature_set(&error);
+    if (!features) {
+        error_exit("%s", error.c_str());
     }
 
     enum PtyAllocationMode { kPtyAuto, kPtyNo, kPtyYes, kPtyDefinitely };
 
     // Defaults.
-    char escape_char = '~'; // -e
-    bool use_shell_protocol = CanUseFeature(features, kFeatureShell2); // -x
+    char escape_char = '~';                                                 // -e
+    bool use_shell_protocol = CanUseFeature(*features, kFeatureShell2);     // -x
     PtyAllocationMode tty = use_shell_protocol ? kPtyAuto : kPtyDefinitely; // -t/-T
 
     // Parse shell-specific command-line options.
@@ -757,7 +758,7 @@
     if (!use_shell_protocol) {
         if (shell_type_arg != kShellServiceArgPty) {
             fprintf(stderr, "error: %s only supports allocating a pty\n",
-                    !CanUseFeature(features, kFeatureShell2) ? "device" : "-x");
+                    !CanUseFeature(*features, kFeatureShell2) ? "device" : "-x");
             return 1;
         } else {
             // If we're not using the shell protocol, the type argument must be empty.
@@ -777,11 +778,13 @@
 }
 
 static int adb_abb(int argc, const char** argv) {
-    auto&& features = adb_get_feature_set();
-    if (features.empty()) {
+    std::string error;
+    auto&& features = adb_get_feature_set(&error);
+    if (!features) {
+        error_exit("%s", error.c_str());
         return 1;
     }
-    if (!CanUseFeature(features, kFeatureAbb)) {
+    if (!CanUseFeature(*features, kFeatureAbb)) {
         error_exit("abb is not supported by the device");
     }
 
@@ -1159,9 +1162,9 @@
         // Use shell protocol if it's supported and the caller doesn't explicitly
         // disable it.
         if (!disable_shell_protocol) {
-            auto&& features = adb_get_feature_set();
-            if (!features.empty()) {
-                use_shell_protocol = CanUseFeature(features, kFeatureShell2);
+            auto&& features = adb_get_feature_set(nullptr);
+            if (features) {
+                use_shell_protocol = CanUseFeature(*features, kFeatureShell2);
             } else {
                 // Device was unreachable.
                 attempt_connection = false;
@@ -1810,12 +1813,13 @@
         }
         return adb_connect_command(android::base::StringPrintf("tcpip:%d", port));
     } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "remount")) {
-        auto&& features = adb_get_feature_set();
-        if (features.empty()) {
-            return 1;
+        std::string error;
+        auto&& features = adb_get_feature_set(&error);
+        if (!features) {
+            error_exit("%s", error.c_str());
         }
 
-        if (CanUseFeature(features, kFeatureRemountShell)) {
+        if (CanUseFeature(*features, kFeatureRemountShell)) {
             std::vector<const char*> args = {"shell"};
             args.insert(args.cend(), argv, argv + argc);
             return adb_shell_noinput(args.size(), args.data());
@@ -2034,11 +2038,12 @@
     } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "track-jdwp")) {
         return adb_connect_command("track-jdwp");
     } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "track-app")) {
-        auto&& features = adb_get_feature_set();
-        if (features.empty()) {
-            return 1;
+        std::string error;
+        auto&& features = adb_get_feature_set(&error);
+        if (!features) {
+            error_exit("%s", error.c_str());
         }
-        if (!CanUseFeature(features, kFeatureTrackApp)) {
+        if (!CanUseFeature(*features, kFeatureTrackApp)) {
             error_exit("track-app is not supported by the device");
         }
         TrackAppStreamsCallback callback;
@@ -2064,13 +2069,14 @@
         return 0;
     } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "features")) {
         // Only list the features common to both the adb client and the device.
-        auto&& features = adb_get_feature_set();
-        if (features.empty()) {
-            return 1;
+        std::string error;
+        auto&& features = adb_get_feature_set(&error);
+        if (!features) {
+            error_exit("%s", error.c_str());
         }
 
-        for (const std::string& name : features) {
-            if (CanUseFeature(features, name)) {
+        for (const std::string& name : *features) {
+            if (CanUseFeature(*features, name)) {
                 printf("%s\n", name.c_str());
             }
         }
diff --git a/adb/client/file_sync_client.cpp b/adb/client/file_sync_client.cpp
index f2c673a..7185939 100644
--- a/adb/client/file_sync_client.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/file_sync_client.cpp
@@ -225,21 +225,22 @@
 
 class SyncConnection {
   public:
-    SyncConnection()
-        : acknowledgement_buffer_(sizeof(sync_status) + SYNC_DATA_MAX),
-          features_(adb_get_feature_set()) {
+    SyncConnection() : acknowledgement_buffer_(sizeof(sync_status) + SYNC_DATA_MAX) {
         acknowledgement_buffer_.resize(0);
         max = SYNC_DATA_MAX; // TODO: decide at runtime.
 
-        if (features_.empty()) {
-            Error("failed to get feature set");
+        std::string error;
+        auto&& features = adb_get_feature_set(&error);
+        if (!features) {
+            Error("failed to get feature set: %s", error.c_str());
         } else {
-            have_stat_v2_ = CanUseFeature(features_, kFeatureStat2);
-            have_ls_v2_ = CanUseFeature(features_, kFeatureLs2);
-            have_sendrecv_v2_ = CanUseFeature(features_, kFeatureSendRecv2);
-            have_sendrecv_v2_brotli_ = CanUseFeature(features_, kFeatureSendRecv2Brotli);
-            have_sendrecv_v2_lz4_ = CanUseFeature(features_, kFeatureSendRecv2LZ4);
-            have_sendrecv_v2_dry_run_send_ = CanUseFeature(features_, kFeatureSendRecv2DryRunSend);
+            features_ = &*features;
+            have_stat_v2_ = CanUseFeature(*features, kFeatureStat2);
+            have_ls_v2_ = CanUseFeature(*features, kFeatureLs2);
+            have_sendrecv_v2_ = CanUseFeature(*features, kFeatureSendRecv2);
+            have_sendrecv_v2_brotli_ = CanUseFeature(*features, kFeatureSendRecv2Brotli);
+            have_sendrecv_v2_lz4_ = CanUseFeature(*features, kFeatureSendRecv2LZ4);
+            have_sendrecv_v2_dry_run_send_ = CanUseFeature(*features, kFeatureSendRecv2DryRunSend);
             std::string error;
             fd.reset(adb_connect("sync:", &error));
             if (fd < 0) {
@@ -283,7 +284,7 @@
         return compression;
     }
 
-    const FeatureSet& Features() const { return features_; }
+    const FeatureSet& Features() const { return *features_; }
 
     bool IsValid() { return fd >= 0; }
 
@@ -921,7 +922,7 @@
   private:
     std::deque<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> deferred_acknowledgements_;
     Block acknowledgement_buffer_;
-    const FeatureSet& features_;
+    const FeatureSet* features_ = nullptr;
     bool have_stat_v2_;
     bool have_ls_v2_;
     bool have_sendrecv_v2_;
diff --git a/fastboot/Android.bp b/fastboot/Android.bp
index 884856d..3a2deb7 100644
--- a/fastboot/Android.bp
+++ b/fastboot/Android.bp
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@
     static_libs: [
         "libhealthhalutils",
         "libsnapshot_nobinder",
+        "update_metadata-protos",
     ],
 
     header_libs: [
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
index 1486e87..0c2569d 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@
                        const struct ext4_super_block* sb, int* fs_stat) {
     bool has_quota = (sb->s_feature_ro_compat & cpu_to_le32(EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_QUOTA)) != 0;
     bool want_quota = entry.fs_mgr_flags.quota;
-    bool want_projid = android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.emulated_storage.projid", false);
+    bool want_projid = android::base::GetBoolProperty("external_storage.projid.enabled", false);
 
     if (has_quota == want_quota) {
         return;
@@ -521,7 +521,8 @@
 static void tune_casefold(const std::string& blk_device, const struct ext4_super_block* sb,
                           int* fs_stat) {
     bool has_casefold = (sb->s_feature_incompat & cpu_to_le32(EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CASEFOLD)) != 0;
-    bool wants_casefold = android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.emulated_storage.casefold", false);
+    bool wants_casefold =
+            android::base::GetBoolProperty("external_storage.casefold.enabled", false);
 
     if (!wants_casefold || has_casefold) return;
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp
index 778c0c1..301c907 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp
@@ -166,8 +166,8 @@
     bool needs_projid = false;
 
     if (entry.mount_point == "/data") {
-        needs_casefold = android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.emulated_storage.casefold", false);
-        needs_projid = android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.emulated_storage.projid", false);
+        needs_casefold = android::base::GetBoolProperty("external_storage.casefold.enabled", false);
+        needs_projid = android::base::GetBoolProperty("external_storage.projid.enabled", false);
     }
 
     if (entry.fs_type == "f2fs") {
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/Android.bp
index 4e3984c..bd788f5 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/Android.bp
@@ -209,6 +209,7 @@
     static_libs: [
         "libfstab",
         "libsnapshot",
+        "update_metadata-protos",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "android.hardware.boot@1.0",
@@ -234,6 +235,7 @@
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libsnapshot",
+        "update_metadata-protos",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot_test.cpp
index f82c082..c662838 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot_test.cpp
@@ -1753,7 +1753,6 @@
   protected:
     void SetUp() override {
         if (!is_virtual_ab_) GTEST_SKIP() << "Test for Virtual A/B devices only";
-        GTEST_SKIP() << "WIP failure b/149738928";
 
         SnapshotTest::SetUp();
         userdata_ = std::make_unique<LowSpaceUserdata>();
diff --git a/init/Android.bp b/init/Android.bp
index 827a829..edf9099 100644
--- a/init/Android.bp
+++ b/init/Android.bp
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@
         "libpropertyinfoparser",
         "libsnapshot_init",
         "lib_apex_manifest_proto_lite",
+        "update_metadata-protos",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbacktrace",
diff --git a/init/Android.mk b/init/Android.mk
index 416b732..da94daf 100644
--- a/init/Android.mk
+++ b/init/Android.mk
@@ -113,6 +113,7 @@
     libext2_uuid \
     libprotobuf-cpp-lite \
     libsnapshot_init \
+    update_metadata-protos \
 
 LOCAL_SANITIZE := signed-integer-overflow
 # First stage init is weird: it may start without stdout/stderr, and no /proc.
diff --git a/init/reboot.cpp b/init/reboot.cpp
index 2f91663..72f0450 100644
--- a/init/reboot.cpp
+++ b/init/reboot.cpp
@@ -203,6 +203,7 @@
 }
 
 static Result<void> CallVdc(const std::string& system, const std::string& cmd) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "Calling /system/bin/vdc " << system << " " << cmd;
     const char* vdc_argv[] = {"/system/bin/vdc", system.c_str(), cmd.c_str()};
     int status;
     if (logwrap_fork_execvp(arraysize(vdc_argv), vdc_argv, &status, false, LOG_KLOG, true,
@@ -456,10 +457,14 @@
 #define ZRAM_RESET    "/sys/block/zram0/reset"
 #define ZRAM_BACK_DEV "/sys/block/zram0/backing_dev"
 static Result<void> KillZramBackingDevice() {
+    if (access(ZRAM_BACK_DEV, F_OK) != 0 && errno == ENOENT) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "No zram backing device configured";
+        return {};
+    }
     std::string backing_dev;
-    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(ZRAM_BACK_DEV, &backing_dev)) return {};
-
-    if (!android::base::StartsWith(backing_dev, "/dev/block/loop")) return {};
+    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(ZRAM_BACK_DEV, &backing_dev)) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Failed to read " << ZRAM_BACK_DEV;
+    }
 
     // cut the last "\n"
     backing_dev.erase(backing_dev.length() - 1);
@@ -478,6 +483,11 @@
                        << " failed";
     }
 
+    if (!android::base::StartsWith(backing_dev, "/dev/block/loop")) {
+        LOG(INFO) << backing_dev << " is not a loop device. Exiting early";
+        return {};
+    }
+
     // clear loopback device
     unique_fd loop(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(backing_dev.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)));
     if (loop.get() < 0) {
@@ -785,7 +795,7 @@
     }
     auto sigterm_timeout = GetMillisProperty("init.userspace_reboot.sigterm.timeoutmillis", 5s);
     auto sigkill_timeout = GetMillisProperty("init.userspace_reboot.sigkill.timeoutmillis", 10s);
-    LOG(INFO) << "Timeout to terminate services : " << sigterm_timeout.count() << "ms"
+    LOG(INFO) << "Timeout to terminate services: " << sigterm_timeout.count() << "ms "
               << "Timeout to kill services: " << sigkill_timeout.count() << "ms";
     StopServicesAndLogViolations(stop_first, sigterm_timeout, true /* SIGTERM */);
     if (int r = StopServicesAndLogViolations(stop_first, sigkill_timeout, false /* SIGKILL */);
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_read.h b/liblog/include/log/log_read.h
index f3be0b8..e2bc297 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_read.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_read.h
@@ -16,22 +16,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-/* deal with possible sys/cdefs.h conflict with fcntl.h */
-#ifdef __unused
-#define __unused_defined __unused
-#undef __unused
-#endif
-
-#include <fcntl.h> /* Pick up O_* macros */
-
-/* restore definitions from above */
-#ifdef __unused_defined
-#define __unused __attribute__((__unused__))
-#endif
-
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <log/log_id.h>
 #include <log/log_time.h>
@@ -40,6 +26,8 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
+#define ANDROID_LOG_WRAP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT 7200 /* 2 hour default */
+
 /*
  * Native log reading interface section. See logcat for sample code.
  *
@@ -114,13 +102,10 @@
                                       char* buf, size_t len);
 int android_logger_set_prune_list(struct logger_list* logger_list, const char* buf, size_t len);
 
-#ifndef O_NONBLOCK
+/* The below values are used for the `mode` argument of the below functions. */
+/* Note that 0x00000003 were previously used and should be considered reserved. */
 #define ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK 0x00000800
-#else
-#define ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK O_NONBLOCK
-#endif
 #define ANDROID_LOG_WRAP 0x40000000 /* Block until buffer about to wrap */
-#define ANDROID_LOG_WRAP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT 7200 /* 2 hour default */
 #define ANDROID_LOG_PSTORE 0x80000000
 
 struct logger_list* android_logger_list_alloc(int mode, unsigned int tail,
diff --git a/liblog/include_vndk/log/log.h b/liblog/include_vndk/log/log.h
index a79beec..ab4adc4 100644
--- a/liblog/include_vndk/log/log.h
+++ b/liblog/include_vndk/log/log.h
@@ -3,6 +3,9 @@
 #ifndef _LIBS_LOG_LOG_H
 #define _LIBS_LOG_LOG_H
 
+/* Historically vendors have depended on this header being included. */
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
 #include <android/log.h>
 #include <log/log_id.h>
 #include <log/log_main.h>
diff --git a/liblog/logger_write.cpp b/liblog/logger_write.cpp
index c174b85..d15b367 100644
--- a/liblog/logger_write.cpp
+++ b/liblog/logger_write.cpp
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@
   ErrnoRestorer errno_restorer;
 
   if (!__android_log_is_loggable(prio, tag, ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE)) {
-    return 0;
+    return -EPERM;
   }
 
   __android_log_message log_message = {
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@
   ErrnoRestorer errno_restorer;
 
   if (!__android_log_is_loggable(prio, tag, ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE)) {
-    return 0;
+    return -EPERM;
   }
 
   __attribute__((uninitialized)) char buf[LOG_BUF_SIZE];
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@
   ErrnoRestorer errno_restorer;
 
   if (!__android_log_is_loggable(prio, tag, ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE)) {
-    return 0;
+    return -EPERM;
   }
 
   va_list ap;
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@
   ErrnoRestorer errno_restorer;
 
   if (!__android_log_is_loggable(prio, tag, ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE)) {
-    return 0;
+    return -EPERM;
   }
 
   va_list ap;