diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp
index 9dea7ac..b33adf31 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp
@@ -359,467 +359,3 @@
   dump_timestamp(&log_, 0);
   ASSERT_STREQ("Timestamp: 1970-01-01 00:00:00+0000\n", amfd_data_.c_str());
 }
-
-class MemoryPattern : public unwindstack::Memory {
- public:
-  MemoryPattern() = default;
-  virtual ~MemoryPattern() = default;
-
-  size_t Read(uint64_t, void* dst, size_t size) override {
-    uint8_t* data = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(dst);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-      data[i] = (i % 0xff);
-    }
-    return size;
-  }
-};
-
-TEST_F(TombstoneTest, dump_stack_single_frame) {
-  std::vector<unwindstack::FrameData> frames;
-  unwindstack::Maps maps;
-  MemoryPattern memory;
-
-  frames.push_back(
-      unwindstack::FrameData{.num = 0, .rel_pc = 0x1000, .pc = 0x301000, .sp = 0x2000});
-  dump_stack(&log_, frames, &maps, &memory);
-
-  std::string contents;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(lseek(log_.tfd, 0, SEEK_SET) == 0);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFdToString(log_.tfd, &contents));
-
-  std::string expected =
-#if defined(__LP64__)
-      "         0000000000001f80  0706050403020100\n"
-      "         0000000000001f88  0f0e0d0c0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000000000001f90  1716151413121110\n"
-      "         0000000000001f98  1f1e1d1c1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000000000001fa0  2726252423222120\n"
-      "         0000000000001fa8  2f2e2d2c2b2a2928\n"
-      "         0000000000001fb0  3736353433323130\n"
-      "         0000000000001fb8  3f3e3d3c3b3a3938\n"
-      "         0000000000001fc0  4746454443424140\n"
-      "         0000000000001fc8  4f4e4d4c4b4a4948\n"
-      "         0000000000001fd0  5756555453525150\n"
-      "         0000000000001fd8  5f5e5d5c5b5a5958\n"
-      "         0000000000001fe0  6766656463626160\n"
-      "         0000000000001fe8  6f6e6d6c6b6a6968\n"
-      "         0000000000001ff0  7776757473727170\n"
-      "         0000000000001ff8  7f7e7d7c7b7a7978\n"
-      "    #00  0000000000002000  0706050403020100\n"
-      "         0000000000002008  0f0e0d0c0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000000000002010  1716151413121110\n"
-      "         0000000000002018  1f1e1d1c1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000000000002020  2726252423222120\n"
-      "         0000000000002028  2f2e2d2c2b2a2928\n"
-      "         0000000000002030  3736353433323130\n"
-      "         0000000000002038  3f3e3d3c3b3a3938\n"
-      "         0000000000002040  4746454443424140\n"
-      "         0000000000002048  4f4e4d4c4b4a4948\n"
-      "         0000000000002050  5756555453525150\n"
-      "         0000000000002058  5f5e5d5c5b5a5958\n"
-      "         0000000000002060  6766656463626160\n"
-      "         0000000000002068  6f6e6d6c6b6a6968\n"
-      "         0000000000002070  7776757473727170\n"
-      "         0000000000002078  7f7e7d7c7b7a7978\n";
-#else
-      "         00001fc0  03020100\n"
-      "         00001fc4  07060504\n"
-      "         00001fc8  0b0a0908\n"
-      "         00001fcc  0f0e0d0c\n"
-      "         00001fd0  13121110\n"
-      "         00001fd4  17161514\n"
-      "         00001fd8  1b1a1918\n"
-      "         00001fdc  1f1e1d1c\n"
-      "         00001fe0  23222120\n"
-      "         00001fe4  27262524\n"
-      "         00001fe8  2b2a2928\n"
-      "         00001fec  2f2e2d2c\n"
-      "         00001ff0  33323130\n"
-      "         00001ff4  37363534\n"
-      "         00001ff8  3b3a3938\n"
-      "         00001ffc  3f3e3d3c\n"
-      "    #00  00002000  03020100\n"
-      "         00002004  07060504\n"
-      "         00002008  0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000200c  0f0e0d0c\n"
-      "         00002010  13121110\n"
-      "         00002014  17161514\n"
-      "         00002018  1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000201c  1f1e1d1c\n"
-      "         00002020  23222120\n"
-      "         00002024  27262524\n"
-      "         00002028  2b2a2928\n"
-      "         0000202c  2f2e2d2c\n"
-      "         00002030  33323130\n"
-      "         00002034  37363534\n"
-      "         00002038  3b3a3938\n"
-      "         0000203c  3f3e3d3c\n";
-#endif
-  EXPECT_EQ(expected, contents);
-}
-
-TEST_F(TombstoneTest, dump_stack_multiple_frames_same_sp) {
-  std::vector<unwindstack::FrameData> frames;
-  unwindstack::Maps maps;
-  MemoryPattern memory;
-
-  frames.push_back(
-      unwindstack::FrameData{.num = 0, .rel_pc = 0x1000, .pc = 0x301000, .sp = 0x2000});
-  frames.push_back(
-      unwindstack::FrameData{.num = 0, .rel_pc = 0x1400, .pc = 0x301400, .sp = 0x2000});
-  dump_stack(&log_, frames, &maps, &memory);
-
-  std::string contents;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(lseek(log_.tfd, 0, SEEK_SET) == 0);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFdToString(log_.tfd, &contents));
-
-  std::string expected =
-#if defined(__LP64__)
-      "         0000000000001f80  0706050403020100\n"
-      "         0000000000001f88  0f0e0d0c0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000000000001f90  1716151413121110\n"
-      "         0000000000001f98  1f1e1d1c1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000000000001fa0  2726252423222120\n"
-      "         0000000000001fa8  2f2e2d2c2b2a2928\n"
-      "         0000000000001fb0  3736353433323130\n"
-      "         0000000000001fb8  3f3e3d3c3b3a3938\n"
-      "         0000000000001fc0  4746454443424140\n"
-      "         0000000000001fc8  4f4e4d4c4b4a4948\n"
-      "         0000000000001fd0  5756555453525150\n"
-      "         0000000000001fd8  5f5e5d5c5b5a5958\n"
-      "         0000000000001fe0  6766656463626160\n"
-      "         0000000000001fe8  6f6e6d6c6b6a6968\n"
-      "         0000000000001ff0  7776757473727170\n"
-      "         0000000000001ff8  7f7e7d7c7b7a7978\n"
-      "    #00  0000000000002000  0706050403020100\n"
-      "         ................  ................\n"
-      "    #01  0000000000002000  0706050403020100\n"
-      "         0000000000002008  0f0e0d0c0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000000000002010  1716151413121110\n"
-      "         0000000000002018  1f1e1d1c1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000000000002020  2726252423222120\n"
-      "         0000000000002028  2f2e2d2c2b2a2928\n"
-      "         0000000000002030  3736353433323130\n"
-      "         0000000000002038  3f3e3d3c3b3a3938\n"
-      "         0000000000002040  4746454443424140\n"
-      "         0000000000002048  4f4e4d4c4b4a4948\n"
-      "         0000000000002050  5756555453525150\n"
-      "         0000000000002058  5f5e5d5c5b5a5958\n"
-      "         0000000000002060  6766656463626160\n"
-      "         0000000000002068  6f6e6d6c6b6a6968\n"
-      "         0000000000002070  7776757473727170\n"
-      "         0000000000002078  7f7e7d7c7b7a7978\n";
-#else
-      "         00001fc0  03020100\n"
-      "         00001fc4  07060504\n"
-      "         00001fc8  0b0a0908\n"
-      "         00001fcc  0f0e0d0c\n"
-      "         00001fd0  13121110\n"
-      "         00001fd4  17161514\n"
-      "         00001fd8  1b1a1918\n"
-      "         00001fdc  1f1e1d1c\n"
-      "         00001fe0  23222120\n"
-      "         00001fe4  27262524\n"
-      "         00001fe8  2b2a2928\n"
-      "         00001fec  2f2e2d2c\n"
-      "         00001ff0  33323130\n"
-      "         00001ff4  37363534\n"
-      "         00001ff8  3b3a3938\n"
-      "         00001ffc  3f3e3d3c\n"
-      "    #00  00002000  03020100\n"
-      "         ........  ........\n"
-      "    #01  00002000  03020100\n"
-      "         00002004  07060504\n"
-      "         00002008  0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000200c  0f0e0d0c\n"
-      "         00002010  13121110\n"
-      "         00002014  17161514\n"
-      "         00002018  1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000201c  1f1e1d1c\n"
-      "         00002020  23222120\n"
-      "         00002024  27262524\n"
-      "         00002028  2b2a2928\n"
-      "         0000202c  2f2e2d2c\n"
-      "         00002030  33323130\n"
-      "         00002034  37363534\n"
-      "         00002038  3b3a3938\n"
-      "         0000203c  3f3e3d3c\n";
-#endif
-  EXPECT_EQ(expected, contents);
-}
-
-TEST_F(TombstoneTest, dump_stack_multiple_frames) {
-  std::vector<unwindstack::FrameData> frames;
-  unwindstack::Maps maps;
-  MemoryPattern memory;
-
-  frames.push_back(
-      unwindstack::FrameData{.num = 0, .rel_pc = 0x1000, .pc = 0x301000, .sp = 0x2000});
-  frames.push_back(
-      unwindstack::FrameData{.num = 0, .rel_pc = 0x1400, .pc = 0x301400, .sp = 0x2010});
-  frames.push_back(
-      unwindstack::FrameData{.num = 0, .rel_pc = 0x1400, .pc = 0x301400, .sp = 0x2100});
-  dump_stack(&log_, frames, &maps, &memory);
-
-  std::string contents;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(lseek(log_.tfd, 0, SEEK_SET) == 0);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFdToString(log_.tfd, &contents));
-
-  std::string expected =
-#if defined(__LP64__)
-      "         0000000000001f80  0706050403020100\n"
-      "         0000000000001f88  0f0e0d0c0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000000000001f90  1716151413121110\n"
-      "         0000000000001f98  1f1e1d1c1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000000000001fa0  2726252423222120\n"
-      "         0000000000001fa8  2f2e2d2c2b2a2928\n"
-      "         0000000000001fb0  3736353433323130\n"
-      "         0000000000001fb8  3f3e3d3c3b3a3938\n"
-      "         0000000000001fc0  4746454443424140\n"
-      "         0000000000001fc8  4f4e4d4c4b4a4948\n"
-      "         0000000000001fd0  5756555453525150\n"
-      "         0000000000001fd8  5f5e5d5c5b5a5958\n"
-      "         0000000000001fe0  6766656463626160\n"
-      "         0000000000001fe8  6f6e6d6c6b6a6968\n"
-      "         0000000000001ff0  7776757473727170\n"
-      "         0000000000001ff8  7f7e7d7c7b7a7978\n"
-      "    #00  0000000000002000  0706050403020100\n"
-      "         0000000000002008  0f0e0d0c0b0a0908\n"
-      "    #01  0000000000002010  0706050403020100\n"
-      "         0000000000002018  0f0e0d0c0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000000000002020  1716151413121110\n"
-      "         0000000000002028  1f1e1d1c1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000000000002030  2726252423222120\n"
-      "         0000000000002038  2f2e2d2c2b2a2928\n"
-      "         0000000000002040  3736353433323130\n"
-      "         0000000000002048  3f3e3d3c3b3a3938\n"
-      "         0000000000002050  4746454443424140\n"
-      "         0000000000002058  4f4e4d4c4b4a4948\n"
-      "         0000000000002060  5756555453525150\n"
-      "         0000000000002068  5f5e5d5c5b5a5958\n"
-      "         0000000000002070  6766656463626160\n"
-      "         0000000000002078  6f6e6d6c6b6a6968\n"
-      "         0000000000002080  7776757473727170\n"
-      "         0000000000002088  7f7e7d7c7b7a7978\n"
-      "         ................  ................\n"
-      "    #02  0000000000002100  0706050403020100\n"
-      "         0000000000002108  0f0e0d0c0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000000000002110  1716151413121110\n"
-      "         0000000000002118  1f1e1d1c1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000000000002120  2726252423222120\n"
-      "         0000000000002128  2f2e2d2c2b2a2928\n"
-      "         0000000000002130  3736353433323130\n"
-      "         0000000000002138  3f3e3d3c3b3a3938\n"
-      "         0000000000002140  4746454443424140\n"
-      "         0000000000002148  4f4e4d4c4b4a4948\n"
-      "         0000000000002150  5756555453525150\n"
-      "         0000000000002158  5f5e5d5c5b5a5958\n"
-      "         0000000000002160  6766656463626160\n"
-      "         0000000000002168  6f6e6d6c6b6a6968\n"
-      "         0000000000002170  7776757473727170\n"
-      "         0000000000002178  7f7e7d7c7b7a7978\n";
-#else
-      "         00001fc0  03020100\n"
-      "         00001fc4  07060504\n"
-      "         00001fc8  0b0a0908\n"
-      "         00001fcc  0f0e0d0c\n"
-      "         00001fd0  13121110\n"
-      "         00001fd4  17161514\n"
-      "         00001fd8  1b1a1918\n"
-      "         00001fdc  1f1e1d1c\n"
-      "         00001fe0  23222120\n"
-      "         00001fe4  27262524\n"
-      "         00001fe8  2b2a2928\n"
-      "         00001fec  2f2e2d2c\n"
-      "         00001ff0  33323130\n"
-      "         00001ff4  37363534\n"
-      "         00001ff8  3b3a3938\n"
-      "         00001ffc  3f3e3d3c\n"
-      "    #00  00002000  03020100\n"
-      "         00002004  07060504\n"
-      "         00002008  0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000200c  0f0e0d0c\n"
-      "    #01  00002010  03020100\n"
-      "         00002014  07060504\n"
-      "         00002018  0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000201c  0f0e0d0c\n"
-      "         00002020  13121110\n"
-      "         00002024  17161514\n"
-      "         00002028  1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000202c  1f1e1d1c\n"
-      "         00002030  23222120\n"
-      "         00002034  27262524\n"
-      "         00002038  2b2a2928\n"
-      "         0000203c  2f2e2d2c\n"
-      "         00002040  33323130\n"
-      "         00002044  37363534\n"
-      "         00002048  3b3a3938\n"
-      "         0000204c  3f3e3d3c\n"
-      "         ........  ........\n"
-      "    #02  00002100  03020100\n"
-      "         00002104  07060504\n"
-      "         00002108  0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000210c  0f0e0d0c\n"
-      "         00002110  13121110\n"
-      "         00002114  17161514\n"
-      "         00002118  1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000211c  1f1e1d1c\n"
-      "         00002120  23222120\n"
-      "         00002124  27262524\n"
-      "         00002128  2b2a2928\n"
-      "         0000212c  2f2e2d2c\n"
-      "         00002130  33323130\n"
-      "         00002134  37363534\n"
-      "         00002138  3b3a3938\n"
-      "         0000213c  3f3e3d3c\n";
-#endif
-  EXPECT_EQ(expected, contents);
-}
-
-TEST_F(TombstoneTest, dump_stack_multiple_frames_disjoint_frames) {
-  std::vector<unwindstack::FrameData> frames;
-  unwindstack::Maps maps;
-  MemoryPattern memory;
-
-  frames.push_back(
-      unwindstack::FrameData{.num = 0, .rel_pc = 0x1000, .pc = 0x301000, .sp = 0x2000});
-  frames.push_back(
-      unwindstack::FrameData{.num = 0, .rel_pc = 0x1400, .pc = 0x301400, .sp = 0x2010});
-  frames.push_back(
-      unwindstack::FrameData{.num = 0, .rel_pc = 0x1400, .pc = 0x301400, .sp = 0x1000});
-  frames.push_back(
-      unwindstack::FrameData{.num = 0, .rel_pc = 0x1400, .pc = 0x301400, .sp = 0x1030});
-  dump_stack(&log_, frames, &maps, &memory);
-
-  std::string contents;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(lseek(log_.tfd, 0, SEEK_SET) == 0);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFdToString(log_.tfd, &contents));
-
-  std::string expected =
-#if defined(__LP64__)
-      "         0000000000001f80  0706050403020100\n"
-      "         0000000000001f88  0f0e0d0c0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000000000001f90  1716151413121110\n"
-      "         0000000000001f98  1f1e1d1c1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000000000001fa0  2726252423222120\n"
-      "         0000000000001fa8  2f2e2d2c2b2a2928\n"
-      "         0000000000001fb0  3736353433323130\n"
-      "         0000000000001fb8  3f3e3d3c3b3a3938\n"
-      "         0000000000001fc0  4746454443424140\n"
-      "         0000000000001fc8  4f4e4d4c4b4a4948\n"
-      "         0000000000001fd0  5756555453525150\n"
-      "         0000000000001fd8  5f5e5d5c5b5a5958\n"
-      "         0000000000001fe0  6766656463626160\n"
-      "         0000000000001fe8  6f6e6d6c6b6a6968\n"
-      "         0000000000001ff0  7776757473727170\n"
-      "         0000000000001ff8  7f7e7d7c7b7a7978\n"
-      "    #00  0000000000002000  0706050403020100\n"
-      "         0000000000002008  0f0e0d0c0b0a0908\n"
-      "    #01  0000000000002010  0706050403020100\n"
-      "         0000000000002018  0f0e0d0c0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000000000002020  1716151413121110\n"
-      "         0000000000002028  1f1e1d1c1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000000000002030  2726252423222120\n"
-      "         0000000000002038  2f2e2d2c2b2a2928\n"
-      "         0000000000002040  3736353433323130\n"
-      "         0000000000002048  3f3e3d3c3b3a3938\n"
-      "         0000000000002050  4746454443424140\n"
-      "         0000000000002058  4f4e4d4c4b4a4948\n"
-      "         0000000000002060  5756555453525150\n"
-      "         0000000000002068  5f5e5d5c5b5a5958\n"
-      "         0000000000002070  6766656463626160\n"
-      "         0000000000002078  6f6e6d6c6b6a6968\n"
-      "         0000000000002080  7776757473727170\n"
-      "         0000000000002088  7f7e7d7c7b7a7978\n"
-      "         ................  ................\n"
-      "    #02  0000000000001000  0706050403020100\n"
-      "         0000000000001008  0f0e0d0c0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000000000001010  1716151413121110\n"
-      "         0000000000001018  1f1e1d1c1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000000000001020  2726252423222120\n"
-      "         0000000000001028  2f2e2d2c2b2a2928\n"
-      "    #03  0000000000001030  0706050403020100\n"
-      "         0000000000001038  0f0e0d0c0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000000000001040  1716151413121110\n"
-      "         0000000000001048  1f1e1d1c1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000000000001050  2726252423222120\n"
-      "         0000000000001058  2f2e2d2c2b2a2928\n"
-      "         0000000000001060  3736353433323130\n"
-      "         0000000000001068  3f3e3d3c3b3a3938\n"
-      "         0000000000001070  4746454443424140\n"
-      "         0000000000001078  4f4e4d4c4b4a4948\n"
-      "         0000000000001080  5756555453525150\n"
-      "         0000000000001088  5f5e5d5c5b5a5958\n"
-      "         0000000000001090  6766656463626160\n"
-      "         0000000000001098  6f6e6d6c6b6a6968\n"
-      "         00000000000010a0  7776757473727170\n"
-      "         00000000000010a8  7f7e7d7c7b7a7978\n";
-#else
-      "         00001fc0  03020100\n"
-      "         00001fc4  07060504\n"
-      "         00001fc8  0b0a0908\n"
-      "         00001fcc  0f0e0d0c\n"
-      "         00001fd0  13121110\n"
-      "         00001fd4  17161514\n"
-      "         00001fd8  1b1a1918\n"
-      "         00001fdc  1f1e1d1c\n"
-      "         00001fe0  23222120\n"
-      "         00001fe4  27262524\n"
-      "         00001fe8  2b2a2928\n"
-      "         00001fec  2f2e2d2c\n"
-      "         00001ff0  33323130\n"
-      "         00001ff4  37363534\n"
-      "         00001ff8  3b3a3938\n"
-      "         00001ffc  3f3e3d3c\n"
-      "    #00  00002000  03020100\n"
-      "         00002004  07060504\n"
-      "         00002008  0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000200c  0f0e0d0c\n"
-      "    #01  00002010  03020100\n"
-      "         00002014  07060504\n"
-      "         00002018  0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000201c  0f0e0d0c\n"
-      "         00002020  13121110\n"
-      "         00002024  17161514\n"
-      "         00002028  1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000202c  1f1e1d1c\n"
-      "         00002030  23222120\n"
-      "         00002034  27262524\n"
-      "         00002038  2b2a2928\n"
-      "         0000203c  2f2e2d2c\n"
-      "         00002040  33323130\n"
-      "         00002044  37363534\n"
-      "         00002048  3b3a3938\n"
-      "         0000204c  3f3e3d3c\n"
-      "         ........  ........\n"
-      "    #02  00001000  03020100\n"
-      "         00001004  07060504\n"
-      "         00001008  0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000100c  0f0e0d0c\n"
-      "         00001010  13121110\n"
-      "         00001014  17161514\n"
-      "         00001018  1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000101c  1f1e1d1c\n"
-      "         00001020  23222120\n"
-      "         00001024  27262524\n"
-      "         00001028  2b2a2928\n"
-      "         0000102c  2f2e2d2c\n"
-      "    #03  00001030  03020100\n"
-      "         00001034  07060504\n"
-      "         00001038  0b0a0908\n"
-      "         0000103c  0f0e0d0c\n"
-      "         00001040  13121110\n"
-      "         00001044  17161514\n"
-      "         00001048  1b1a1918\n"
-      "         0000104c  1f1e1d1c\n"
-      "         00001050  23222120\n"
-      "         00001054  27262524\n"
-      "         00001058  2b2a2928\n"
-      "         0000105c  2f2e2d2c\n"
-      "         00001060  33323130\n"
-      "         00001064  37363534\n"
-      "         00001068  3b3a3938\n"
-      "         0000106c  3f3e3d3c\n";
-#endif
-  EXPECT_EQ(expected, contents);
-}
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp
index b64e260..4e7f35c 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp
@@ -188,106 +188,6 @@
   _LOG(log, logtype::HEADER, "uid: %d\n", thread_info.uid);
 }
 
-static void dump_stack_segment(log_t* log, unwindstack::Maps* maps, unwindstack::Memory* memory,
-                               uint64_t* sp, size_t words, int label) {
-  // Read the data all at once.
-  word_t stack_data[words];
-
-  // TODO: Do we need to word align this for crashes caused by a misaligned sp?
-  //       The process_vm_readv implementation of Memory should handle this appropriately?
-  size_t bytes_read = memory->Read(*sp, stack_data, sizeof(word_t) * words);
-  words = bytes_read / sizeof(word_t);
-  std::string line;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < words; i++) {
-    line = "    ";
-    if (i == 0 && label >= 0) {
-      // Print the label once.
-      line += StringPrintf("#%02d  ", label);
-    } else {
-      line += "     ";
-    }
-    line += StringPrintf("%" PRIPTR "  %" PRIPTR, *sp, static_cast<uint64_t>(stack_data[i]));
-
-    unwindstack::MapInfo* map_info = maps->Find(stack_data[i]);
-    if (map_info != nullptr && !map_info->name.empty()) {
-      line += "  " + map_info->name;
-      std::string func_name;
-      uint64_t func_offset = 0;
-      if (map_info->GetFunctionName(stack_data[i], &func_name, &func_offset)) {
-        line += " (" + func_name;
-        if (func_offset) {
-          line += StringPrintf("+%" PRIu64, func_offset);
-        }
-        line += ')';
-      }
-    }
-    _LOG(log, logtype::STACK, "%s\n", line.c_str());
-
-    *sp += sizeof(word_t);
-  }
-}
-
-static void dump_stack(log_t* log, const std::vector<unwindstack::FrameData>& frames,
-                       unwindstack::Maps* maps, unwindstack::Memory* memory) {
-  size_t first = 0, last;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < frames.size(); i++) {
-    if (frames[i].sp) {
-      if (!first) {
-        first = i+1;
-      }
-      last = i;
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (!first) {
-    return;
-  }
-  first--;
-
-  // Dump a few words before the first frame.
-  uint64_t sp = frames[first].sp - STACK_WORDS * sizeof(word_t);
-  dump_stack_segment(log, maps, memory, &sp, STACK_WORDS, -1);
-
-#if defined(__LP64__)
-  static constexpr const char delimiter[] = "         ................  ................\n";
-#else
-  static constexpr const char delimiter[] = "         ........  ........\n";
-#endif
-
-  // Dump a few words from all successive frames.
-  for (size_t i = first; i <= last; i++) {
-    auto* frame = &frames[i];
-    if (sp != frame->sp) {
-      _LOG(log, logtype::STACK, delimiter);
-      sp = frame->sp;
-    }
-    if (i != last) {
-      // Print stack data up to the stack from the next frame.
-      size_t words;
-      uint64_t next_sp = frames[i + 1].sp;
-      if (next_sp < sp) {
-        // The next frame is probably using a completely different stack,
-        // so dump the max from this stack.
-        words = STACK_WORDS;
-      } else {
-        words = (next_sp - sp) / sizeof(word_t);
-        if (words == 0) {
-          // The sp is the same as the next frame, print at least
-          // one line for this frame.
-          words = 1;
-        } else if (words > STACK_WORDS) {
-          words = STACK_WORDS;
-        }
-      }
-      dump_stack_segment(log, maps, memory, &sp, words, i);
-    } else {
-      // Print some number of words past the last stack frame since we
-      // don't know how large the stack is.
-      dump_stack_segment(log, maps, memory, &sp, STACK_WORDS, i);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
 static std::string get_addr_string(uint64_t addr) {
   std::string addr_str;
 #if defined(__LP64__)
@@ -499,9 +399,6 @@
   } else {
     _LOG(log, logtype::BACKTRACE, "\nbacktrace:\n");
     log_backtrace(log, unwinder, "    ");
-
-    _LOG(log, logtype::STACK, "\nstack:\n");
-    dump_stack(log, unwinder->frames(), unwinder->GetMaps(), unwinder->GetProcessMemory().get());
   }
 
   if (primary_thread) {
diff --git a/fastboot/Android.mk b/fastboot/Android.mk
index 17ec392..fd009e7 100644
--- a/fastboot/Android.mk
+++ b/fastboot/Android.mk
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@
 # Package fastboot-related executables.
 #
 
-my_dist_files := $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/mke2fs
-my_dist_files += $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/e2fsdroid
-my_dist_files += $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/make_f2fs
-my_dist_files += $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/sload_f2fs
+my_dist_files := $(SOONG_HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/mke2fs
+my_dist_files += $(SOONG_HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/e2fsdroid
+my_dist_files += $(SOONG_HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/make_f2fs
+my_dist_files += $(SOONG_HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/sload_f2fs
 $(call dist-for-goals,dist_files sdk win_sdk,$(my_dist_files))
 my_dist_files :=
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Android.bp b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
index 9cd3d65..3695f72 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Android.bp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
@@ -240,6 +240,7 @@
         "tests/files/offline/debug_frame_load_bias_arm/*",
         "tests/files/offline/eh_frame_bias_x86/*",
         "tests/files/offline/eh_frame_hdr_begin_x86_64/*",
+        "tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/*",
         "tests/files/offline/invalid_elf_offset_arm/*",
         "tests/files/offline/jit_debug_arm/*",
         "tests/files/offline/jit_debug_x86/*",
diff --git a/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp b/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
index f2dad84..31f3144 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@
 bool MapInfo::InitFileMemoryFromPreviousReadOnlyMap(MemoryFileAtOffset* memory) {
   // One last attempt, see if the previous map is read-only with the
   // same name and stretches across this map.
-  if (prev_map == nullptr || prev_map->flags != PROT_READ) {
+  if (prev_real_map == nullptr || prev_real_map->flags != PROT_READ) {
     return false;
   }
 
-  uint64_t map_size = end - prev_map->end;
-  if (!memory->Init(name, prev_map->offset, map_size)) {
+  uint64_t map_size = end - prev_real_map->end;
+  if (!memory->Init(name, prev_real_map->offset, map_size)) {
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -51,12 +51,12 @@
     return false;
   }
 
-  if (!memory->Init(name, prev_map->offset, max_size)) {
+  if (!memory->Init(name, prev_real_map->offset, max_size)) {
     return false;
   }
 
-  elf_offset = offset - prev_map->offset;
-  elf_start_offset = prev_map->offset;
+  elf_offset = offset - prev_real_map->offset;
+  elf_start_offset = prev_real_map->offset;
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -112,8 +112,8 @@
     // Need to check how to set the elf start offset. If this map is not
     // the r-x map of a r-- map, then use the real offset value. Otherwise,
     // use 0.
-    if (prev_map == nullptr || prev_map->offset != 0 || prev_map->flags != PROT_READ ||
-        prev_map->name != name) {
+    if (prev_real_map == nullptr || prev_real_map->offset != 0 ||
+        prev_real_map->flags != PROT_READ || prev_real_map->name != name) {
       elf_start_offset = offset;
     }
     return memory.release();
@@ -172,20 +172,20 @@
   // doesn't guarantee that this invariant will always be true. However,
   // if that changes, there is likely something else that will change and
   // break something.
-  if (offset == 0 || name.empty() || prev_map == nullptr || prev_map->name != name ||
-      prev_map->offset >= offset) {
+  if (offset == 0 || name.empty() || prev_real_map == nullptr || prev_real_map->name != name ||
+      prev_real_map->offset >= offset) {
     return nullptr;
   }
 
   // Make sure that relative pc values are corrected properly.
-  elf_offset = offset - prev_map->offset;
+  elf_offset = offset - prev_real_map->offset;
   // Use this as the elf start offset, otherwise, you always get offsets into
   // the r-x section, which is not quite the right information.
-  elf_start_offset = prev_map->offset;
+  elf_start_offset = prev_real_map->offset;
 
   MemoryRanges* ranges = new MemoryRanges;
-  ranges->Insert(
-      new MemoryRange(process_memory, prev_map->start, prev_map->end - prev_map->start, 0));
+  ranges->Insert(new MemoryRange(process_memory, prev_real_map->start,
+                                 prev_real_map->end - prev_real_map->start, 0));
   ranges->Insert(new MemoryRange(process_memory, start, end - start, elf_offset));
 
   memory_backed_elf = true;
@@ -236,15 +236,15 @@
 
   if (!elf->valid()) {
     elf_start_offset = offset;
-  } else if (prev_map != nullptr && elf_start_offset != offset &&
-             prev_map->offset == elf_start_offset && prev_map->name == name) {
+  } else if (prev_real_map != nullptr && elf_start_offset != offset &&
+             prev_real_map->offset == elf_start_offset && prev_real_map->name == name) {
     // If there is a read-only map then a read-execute map that represents the
     // same elf object, make sure the previous map is using the same elf
     // object if it hasn't already been set.
-    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(prev_map->mutex_);
-    if (prev_map->elf.get() == nullptr) {
-      prev_map->elf = elf;
-      prev_map->memory_backed_elf = memory_backed_elf;
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(prev_real_map->mutex_);
+    if (prev_real_map->elf.get() == nullptr) {
+      prev_real_map->elf = elf;
+      prev_real_map->memory_backed_elf = memory_backed_elf;
     }
   }
   return elf.get();
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Maps.cpp b/libunwindstack/Maps.cpp
index 0ab68db..8f49ad9 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Maps.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Maps.cpp
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@
 }
 
 bool Maps::Parse() {
+  MapInfo* prev_map = nullptr;
+  MapInfo* prev_real_map = nullptr;
   return android::procinfo::ReadMapFile(
       GetMapsFile(),
       [&](uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint16_t flags, uint64_t pgoff, ino_t, const char* name) {
@@ -67,17 +69,24 @@
         if (strncmp(name, "/dev/", 5) == 0 && strncmp(name + 5, "ashmem/", 7) != 0) {
           flags |= unwindstack::MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP;
         }
-        maps_.emplace_back(
-            new MapInfo(maps_.empty() ? nullptr : maps_.back().get(), start, end, pgoff,
-                        flags, name));
+        maps_.emplace_back(new MapInfo(prev_map, prev_real_map, start, end, pgoff, flags, name));
+        prev_map = maps_.back().get();
+        if (!prev_map->IsBlank()) {
+          prev_real_map = prev_map;
+        }
       });
 }
 
 void Maps::Add(uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint64_t offset, uint64_t flags,
                const std::string& name, uint64_t load_bias) {
+  MapInfo* prev_map = maps_.empty() ? nullptr : maps_.back().get();
+  MapInfo* prev_real_map = prev_map;
+  while (prev_real_map != nullptr && prev_real_map->IsBlank()) {
+    prev_real_map = prev_real_map->prev_map;
+  }
+
   auto map_info =
-      std::make_unique<MapInfo>(maps_.empty() ? nullptr : maps_.back().get(), start, end, offset,
-                                flags, name);
+      std::make_unique<MapInfo>(prev_map, prev_real_map, start, end, offset, flags, name);
   map_info->load_bias = load_bias;
   maps_.emplace_back(std::move(map_info));
 }
@@ -89,14 +98,21 @@
 
   // Set the prev_map values on the info objects.
   MapInfo* prev_map = nullptr;
+  MapInfo* prev_real_map = nullptr;
   for (const auto& map_info : maps_) {
     map_info->prev_map = prev_map;
+    map_info->prev_real_map = prev_real_map;
     prev_map = map_info.get();
+    if (!prev_map->IsBlank()) {
+      prev_real_map = prev_map;
+    }
   }
 }
 
 bool BufferMaps::Parse() {
   std::string content(buffer_);
+  MapInfo* prev_map = nullptr;
+  MapInfo* prev_real_map = nullptr;
   return android::procinfo::ReadMapFileContent(
       &content[0],
       [&](uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint16_t flags, uint64_t pgoff, ino_t, const char* name) {
@@ -104,9 +120,11 @@
         if (strncmp(name, "/dev/", 5) == 0 && strncmp(name + 5, "ashmem/", 7) != 0) {
           flags |= unwindstack::MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP;
         }
-        maps_.emplace_back(
-            new MapInfo(maps_.empty() ? nullptr : maps_.back().get(), start, end, pgoff,
-                        flags, name));
+        maps_.emplace_back(new MapInfo(prev_map, prev_real_map, start, end, pgoff, flags, name));
+        prev_map = maps_.back().get();
+        if (!prev_map->IsBlank()) {
+          prev_real_map = prev_map;
+        }
       });
 }
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h
index 8f0c516..052e79f 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h
@@ -31,24 +31,26 @@
 class MemoryFileAtOffset;
 
 struct MapInfo {
-  MapInfo(MapInfo* map_info, uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint64_t offset, uint64_t flags,
-          const char* name)
+  MapInfo(MapInfo* prev_map, MapInfo* prev_real_map, uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint64_t offset,
+          uint64_t flags, const char* name)
       : start(start),
         end(end),
         offset(offset),
         flags(flags),
         name(name),
-        prev_map(map_info),
+        prev_map(prev_map),
+        prev_real_map(prev_real_map),
         load_bias(INT64_MAX),
         build_id(0) {}
-  MapInfo(MapInfo* map_info, uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint64_t offset, uint64_t flags,
-          const std::string& name)
+  MapInfo(MapInfo* prev_map, MapInfo* prev_real_map, uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint64_t offset,
+          uint64_t flags, const std::string& name)
       : start(start),
         end(end),
         offset(offset),
         flags(flags),
         name(name),
-        prev_map(map_info),
+        prev_map(prev_map),
+        prev_real_map(prev_real_map),
         load_bias(INT64_MAX),
         build_id(0) {}
   ~MapInfo();
@@ -71,6 +73,14 @@
   uint64_t elf_start_offset = 0;
 
   MapInfo* prev_map = nullptr;
+  // This is the previous map that is not empty with a 0 offset. For
+  // example, this set of maps:
+  //  1000-2000  r--p 000000 00:00 0 libc.so
+  //  2000-3000  ---p 000000 00:00 0 libc.so
+  //  3000-4000  r-xp 003000 00:00 0 libc.so
+  // The last map's prev_map would point to the 2000-3000 map, while the
+  // prev_real_map would point to the 1000-2000 map.
+  MapInfo* prev_real_map = nullptr;
 
   std::atomic_int64_t load_bias;
 
@@ -97,6 +107,8 @@
   // Returns the printable version of the build id (hex dump of raw data).
   std::string GetPrintableBuildID();
 
+  inline bool IsBlank() { return offset == 0 && flags == 0 && name.empty(); }
+
  private:
   MapInfo(const MapInfo&) = delete;
   void operator=(const MapInfo&) = delete;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DexFileTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DexFileTest.cpp
index 0149a42..1b54da6 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DexFileTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DexFileTest.cpp
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
             static_cast<size_t>(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(tf.fd, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData)))));
 
   MemoryFake memory;
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0, 0x10000, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0x10000, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
   EXPECT_TRUE(DexFile::Create(0x500, &memory, &info) != nullptr);
 }
 
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@
             static_cast<size_t>(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(tf.fd, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData)))));
 
   MemoryFake memory;
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
   EXPECT_TRUE(DexFile::Create(0x600, &memory, &info) != nullptr);
 }
 
@@ -131,21 +131,21 @@
             static_cast<size_t>(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(tf.fd, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData)))));
 
   MemoryFake memory;
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, tf.path);
   EXPECT_TRUE(DexFile::Create(0x400, &memory, &info) != nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(DexFileTest, create_using_memory_empty_file) {
   MemoryFake memory;
   memory.SetMemory(0x4000, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData));
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "");
   EXPECT_TRUE(DexFile::Create(0x4000, &memory, &info) != nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(DexFileTest, create_using_memory_file_does_not_exist) {
   MemoryFake memory;
   memory.SetMemory(0x4000, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData));
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "/does/not/exist");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "/does/not/exist");
   EXPECT_TRUE(DexFile::Create(0x4000, &memory, &info) != nullptr);
 }
 
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
 
   MemoryFake memory;
   memory.SetMemory(0x4000, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData));
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x4000, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "/does/not/exist");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x4000, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "/does/not/exist");
   std::unique_ptr<DexFile> dex_file = DexFile::Create(0x4000, &memory, &info);
   ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file != nullptr);
 
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
 TEST(DexFileTest, get_method) {
   MemoryFake memory;
   memory.SetMemory(0x4000, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData));
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "");
   std::unique_ptr<DexFile> dex_file(DexFile::Create(0x4000, &memory, &info));
   ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file != nullptr);
 
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
 TEST(DexFileTest, get_method_empty) {
   MemoryFake memory;
   memory.SetMemory(0x4000, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData));
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "");
   std::unique_ptr<DexFile> dex_file(DexFile::Create(0x4000, &memory, &info));
   ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file != nullptr);
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfCacheTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfCacheTest.cpp
index 5735858..5f13546 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfCacheTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfCacheTest.cpp
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@
 
   uint64_t start = 0x1000;
   uint64_t end = 0x20000;
-  MapInfo info1(nullptr, start, end, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
-  MapInfo info2(nullptr, start, end, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info1(nullptr, nullptr, start, end, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info2(nullptr, nullptr, start, end, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
 
   Elf* elf1 = info1.GetElf(memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf1->valid());
@@ -119,17 +119,17 @@
   uint64_t start = 0x1000;
   uint64_t end = 0x20000;
   // Will have an elf at offset 0 in file.
-  MapInfo info0_1(nullptr, start, end, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
-  MapInfo info0_2(nullptr, start, end, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info0_1(nullptr, nullptr, start, end, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info0_2(nullptr, nullptr, start, end, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
   // Will have an elf at offset 0x100 in file.
-  MapInfo info100_1(nullptr, start, end, 0x100, 0x5, tf.path);
-  MapInfo info100_2(nullptr, start, end, 0x100, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info100_1(nullptr, nullptr, start, end, 0x100, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info100_2(nullptr, nullptr, start, end, 0x100, 0x5, tf.path);
   // Will have an elf at offset 0x200 in file.
-  MapInfo info200_1(nullptr, start, end, 0x200, 0x5, tf.path);
-  MapInfo info200_2(nullptr, start, end, 0x200, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info200_1(nullptr, nullptr, start, end, 0x200, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info200_2(nullptr, nullptr, start, end, 0x200, 0x5, tf.path);
   // Will have an elf at offset 0 in file.
-  MapInfo info300_1(nullptr, start, end, 0x300, 0x5, tf.path);
-  MapInfo info300_2(nullptr, start, end, 0x300, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info300_1(nullptr, nullptr, start, end, 0x300, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info300_2(nullptr, nullptr, start, end, 0x300, 0x5, tf.path);
 
   Elf* elf0_1 = info0_1.GetElf(memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf0_1->valid());
@@ -216,10 +216,10 @@
   uint64_t start = 0x1000;
   uint64_t end = 0x20000;
   // Multiple info sections at different offsets will have non-zero elf offsets.
-  MapInfo info300_1(nullptr, start, end, 0x300, 0x5, tf.path);
-  MapInfo info300_2(nullptr, start, end, 0x300, 0x5, tf.path);
-  MapInfo info400_1(nullptr, start, end, 0x400, 0x5, tf.path);
-  MapInfo info400_2(nullptr, start, end, 0x400, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info300_1(nullptr, nullptr, start, end, 0x300, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info300_2(nullptr, nullptr, start, end, 0x300, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info400_1(nullptr, nullptr, start, end, 0x400, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info400_2(nullptr, nullptr, start, end, 0x400, 0x5, tf.path);
 
   Elf* elf300_1 = info300_1.GetElf(memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf300_1->valid());
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp
index 4866345..1f3ed81 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@
   elf.FakeSetInterface(interface);
 
   elf.FakeSetValid(true);
-  MapInfo map_info(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, 0, "");
+  MapInfo map_info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, 0, "");
 
   ASSERT_EQ(0x101U, elf.GetRelPc(0x1101, &map_info));
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp
index 6c1cfa2..6d8d58e 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
 };
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, end_le_start) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x100, 0, 0, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x100, 0x100, 0, 0, elf_.path);
 
   std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() == nullptr);
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 // Verify that if the offset is non-zero but there is no elf at the offset,
 // that the full file is used.
 TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_full_file) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x200, 0x100, 0, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x100, 0x200, 0x100, 0, elf_.path);
 
   std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
@@ -129,8 +129,9 @@
 
   // Now verify the elf start offset is set correctly based on the previous
   // info.
-  MapInfo prev_info(nullptr, 0, 0x100, 0x10, 0, "");
+  MapInfo prev_info(nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0x100, 0x10, 0, "");
   info.prev_map = &prev_info;
+  info.prev_real_map = &prev_info;
 
   // No preconditions met, change each one until it should set the elf start
   // offset to zero.
@@ -177,7 +178,7 @@
 // Verify that if the offset is non-zero and there is an elf at that
 // offset, that only part of the file is used.
 TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x200, 0x1000, 0, elf_at_1000_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x100, 0x200, 0x1000, 0, elf_at_1000_.path);
 
   std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
@@ -202,7 +203,7 @@
 // embedded elf is bigger than the initial map, the new object is larger
 // than the original map size. Do this for a 32 bit elf and a 64 bit elf.
 TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file_whole_elf32) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x5000, 0x6000, 0x1000, 0, elf32_at_map_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x5000, 0x6000, 0x1000, 0, elf32_at_map_.path);
 
   std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
@@ -220,7 +221,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file_whole_elf64) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x7000, 0x8000, 0x2000, 0, elf64_at_map_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x7000, 0x8000, 0x2000, 0, elf64_at_map_.path);
 
   std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
@@ -243,14 +244,14 @@
   // be returned if the file mapping fails, but the device check is incorrect.
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
   uint64_t start = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(buffer.data());
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, start, start + buffer.size(), 0, 0x8000, "/dev/something");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, start, start + buffer.size(), 0, 0x8000, "/dev/something");
 
   std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() == nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, process_memory) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x2000, 0x3000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x2000, 0x3000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
 
   Elf32_Ehdr ehdr = {};
   TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetBuildIDTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetBuildIDTest.cpp
index 16451d1..6953e26 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetBuildIDTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetBuildIDTest.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@
     elf_interface_ = new ElfInterfaceFake(memory_);
     elf_->FakeSetInterface(elf_interface_);
     elf_container_.reset(elf_);
-    map_info_.reset(new MapInfo(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x20000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, tf_->path));
+    map_info_.reset(
+        new MapInfo(nullptr, nullptr, 0x1000, 0x20000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, tf_->path));
   }
 
   void MultipleThreadTest(std::string expected_build_id);
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@
 };
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetBuildIDTest, no_elf_and_no_valid_elf_in_memory) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
 
   EXPECT_EQ("", info.GetBuildID());
   EXPECT_EQ("", info.GetPrintableBuildID());
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp
index d60b8b1..7f97814 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
 };
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, invalid) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
 
   // The map is empty, but this should still create an invalid elf object.
   Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_ARM);
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, valid32) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x3000, 0x4000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x3000, 0x4000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
 
   Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
   TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, valid64) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x8000, 0x9000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x8000, 0x9000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
 
   Elf64_Ehdr ehdr;
   TestInitEhdr<Elf64_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64);
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, invalid_arch_mismatch) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x3000, 0x4000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x3000, 0x4000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
 
   Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
   TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, gnu_debugdata_init32) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x2000, 0x3000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x2000, 0x3000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
 
   TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM, true,
                                                [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, gnu_debugdata_init64) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x5000, 0x8000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x5000, 0x8000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
 
   TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64, true,
                                                [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, end_le_start) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x1000, 0, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x1000, 0x1000, 0, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
 
   Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
   TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
 // Verify that if the offset is non-zero but there is no elf at the offset,
 // that the full file is used.
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_full_file) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0x100, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0x100, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x1000);
   memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@
 // Verify that if the offset is non-zero and there is an elf at that
 // offset, that only part of the file is used.
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0x2000, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0x2000, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x4000);
   memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@
 // embedded elf is bigger than the initial map, the new object is larger
 // than the original map size. Do this for a 32 bit elf and a 64 bit elf.
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file_whole_elf32) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x5000, 0x6000, 0x1000, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x5000, 0x6000, 0x1000, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x4000);
   memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file_whole_elf64) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x7000, 0x8000, 0x1000, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x7000, 0x8000, 0x1000, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x4000);
   memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, check_device_maps) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x7000, 0x8000, 0x1000, PROT_READ | MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP,
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x7000, 0x8000, 0x1000, PROT_READ | MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP,
                "/dev/something");
 
   // Create valid elf data in process memory for this to verify that only
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@
   wait = true;
   // Create all of the threads and have them do the GetElf at the same time
   // to make it likely that a race will occur.
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x7000, 0x8000, 0x1000, PROT_READ, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x7000, 0x8000, 0x1000, PROT_READ, "");
   for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumConcurrentThreads; i++) {
     std::thread* thread = new std::thread([i, this, &wait, &info, &elf_in_threads]() {
       while (wait)
@@ -373,8 +373,8 @@
 
 // Verify that previous maps don't automatically get the same elf object.
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, prev_map_elf_not_set) {
-  MapInfo info1(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, PROT_READ, "/not/present");
-  MapInfo info2(&info1, 0x2000, 0x3000, 0, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo info1(nullptr, nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, PROT_READ, "/not/present");
+  MapInfo info2(&info1, &info1, 0x2000, 0x3000, 0, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
 
   Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
   TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
@@ -389,8 +389,25 @@
 // Verify that a read-only map followed by a read-execute map will result
 // in the same elf object in both maps.
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, read_only_followed_by_read_exec_share_elf) {
-  MapInfo r_info(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
-  MapInfo rw_info(&r_info, 0x2000, 0x3000, 0x1000, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo r_info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo rw_info(&r_info, &r_info, 0x2000, 0x3000, 0x1000, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, elf_.path);
+
+  Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
+  memory_->SetMemory(0x1000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+  Elf* elf = rw_info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_ARM);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(elf, r_info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_ARM));
+}
+
+// Verify that a read-only map followed by an empty map, then followed by
+// a read-execute map will result in the same elf object in both maps.
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, read_only_followed_by_empty_then_read_exec_share_elf) {
+  MapInfo r_info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo empty(&r_info, &r_info, 0x2000, 0x3000, 0, 0, "");
+  MapInfo rw_info(&empty, &r_info, 0x3000, 0x4000, 0x2000, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, elf_.path);
 
   Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
   TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetLoadBiasTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetLoadBiasTest.cpp
index da3dbf2..971d452 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetLoadBiasTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetLoadBiasTest.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
     process_memory_.reset(memory_);
     elf_ = new ElfFake(new MemoryFake);
     elf_container_.reset(elf_);
-    map_info_.reset(new MapInfo(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x20000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, ""));
+    map_info_.reset(new MapInfo(nullptr, nullptr, 0x1000, 0x20000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, ""));
   }
 
   void MultipleThreadTest(uint64_t expected_load_bias);
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 };
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetLoadBiasTest, no_elf_and_no_valid_elf_in_memory) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
 
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, info.GetLoadBias(process_memory_));
 }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoTest.cpp
index ef76b1b..98edc0e 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoTest.cpp
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@
 namespace unwindstack {
 
 TEST(MapInfoTest, maps_constructor_const_char) {
-  MapInfo prev_map(nullptr, 0, 0, 0, 0, "");
-  MapInfo map_info(&prev_map, 1, 2, 3, 4, "map");
+  MapInfo prev_map(nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, 0, "");
+  MapInfo map_info(&prev_map, &prev_map, 1, 2, 3, 4, "map");
 
   EXPECT_EQ(&prev_map, map_info.prev_map);
   EXPECT_EQ(1UL, map_info.start);
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@
 
 TEST(MapInfoTest, maps_constructor_string) {
   std::string name("string_map");
-  MapInfo prev_map(nullptr, 0, 0, 0, 0, "");
-  MapInfo map_info(&prev_map, 1, 2, 3, 4, name);
+  MapInfo prev_map(nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, 0, "");
+  MapInfo map_info(&prev_map, &prev_map, 1, 2, 3, 4, name);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(&prev_map, map_info.prev_map);
   EXPECT_EQ(1UL, map_info.start);
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
   elf->FakeSetInterface(interface);
   interface->FakePushFunctionData(FunctionData("function", 1000));
 
-  MapInfo map_info(nullptr, 1, 2, 3, 4, "");
+  MapInfo map_info(nullptr, nullptr, 1, 2, 3, 4, "");
   map_info.elf.reset(elf);
 
   std::string name;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp
index 9e7a6ab..724eeb5 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(MapsTest, verify_parse_line) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0, 0, 0, 0, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, 0, "");
 
   VerifyLine("01-02 rwxp 03 04:05 06\n", &info);
   EXPECT_EQ(1U, info.start);
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(MapsTest, verify_large_values) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0, 0, 0, 0, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, 0, "");
 #if defined(__LP64__)
   VerifyLine("fabcdef012345678-f12345678abcdef8 rwxp f0b0d0f010305070 00:00 0\n", &info);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xfabcdef012345678UL, info.start);
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/RegsTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/RegsTest.cpp
index 472d1cf..0a33e2f 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/RegsTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/RegsTest.cpp
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
   RegsX86_64 regs_x86_64;
   RegsMips regs_mips;
   RegsMips64 regs_mips64;
-  MapInfo map_info(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, 0, "");
+  MapInfo map_info(nullptr, nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, 0, "");
   Elf* invalid_elf = new Elf(nullptr);
   map_info.elf.reset(invalid_elf);
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindOfflineTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindOfflineTest.cpp
index 364101a..c2bd836 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindOfflineTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindOfflineTest.cpp
@@ -169,15 +169,18 @@
 };
 
 std::unordered_map<std::string, uint32_t> UnwindOfflineTest::arm64_regs_ = {
-    {"x0", ARM64_REG_R0},   {"x1", ARM64_REG_R1},   {"x2", ARM64_REG_R2},   {"x3", ARM64_REG_R3},
-    {"x4", ARM64_REG_R4},   {"x5", ARM64_REG_R5},   {"x6", ARM64_REG_R6},   {"x7", ARM64_REG_R7},
-    {"x8", ARM64_REG_R8},   {"x9", ARM64_REG_R9},   {"x10", ARM64_REG_R10}, {"x11", ARM64_REG_R11},
-    {"x12", ARM64_REG_R12}, {"x13", ARM64_REG_R13}, {"x14", ARM64_REG_R14}, {"x15", ARM64_REG_R15},
-    {"x16", ARM64_REG_R16}, {"x17", ARM64_REG_R17}, {"x18", ARM64_REG_R18}, {"x19", ARM64_REG_R19},
-    {"x20", ARM64_REG_R20}, {"x21", ARM64_REG_R21}, {"x22", ARM64_REG_R22}, {"x23", ARM64_REG_R23},
-    {"x24", ARM64_REG_R24}, {"x25", ARM64_REG_R25}, {"x26", ARM64_REG_R26}, {"x27", ARM64_REG_R27},
-    {"x28", ARM64_REG_R28}, {"x29", ARM64_REG_R29}, {"sp", ARM64_REG_SP},   {"lr", ARM64_REG_LR},
-    {"pc", ARM64_REG_PC},
+    {"x0", ARM64_REG_R0},      {"x1", ARM64_REG_R1},   {"x2", ARM64_REG_R2},
+    {"x3", ARM64_REG_R3},      {"x4", ARM64_REG_R4},   {"x5", ARM64_REG_R5},
+    {"x6", ARM64_REG_R6},      {"x7", ARM64_REG_R7},   {"x8", ARM64_REG_R8},
+    {"x9", ARM64_REG_R9},      {"x10", ARM64_REG_R10}, {"x11", ARM64_REG_R11},
+    {"x12", ARM64_REG_R12},    {"x13", ARM64_REG_R13}, {"x14", ARM64_REG_R14},
+    {"x15", ARM64_REG_R15},    {"x16", ARM64_REG_R16}, {"x17", ARM64_REG_R17},
+    {"x18", ARM64_REG_R18},    {"x19", ARM64_REG_R19}, {"x20", ARM64_REG_R20},
+    {"x21", ARM64_REG_R21},    {"x22", ARM64_REG_R22}, {"x23", ARM64_REG_R23},
+    {"x24", ARM64_REG_R24},    {"x25", ARM64_REG_R25}, {"x26", ARM64_REG_R26},
+    {"x27", ARM64_REG_R27},    {"x28", ARM64_REG_R28}, {"x29", ARM64_REG_R29},
+    {"sp", ARM64_REG_SP},      {"lr", ARM64_REG_LR},   {"pc", ARM64_REG_PC},
+    {"pst", ARM64_REG_PSTATE},
 };
 
 std::unordered_map<std::string, uint32_t> UnwindOfflineTest::x86_regs_ = {
@@ -1697,4 +1700,40 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(0xffe67d10ULL, unwinder.frames()[16].sp);
 }
 
+TEST_F(UnwindOfflineTest, empty_arm64) {
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Init("empty_arm64/", ARCH_ARM64));
+
+  Unwinder unwinder(128, maps_.get(), regs_.get(), process_memory_);
+  unwinder.Unwind();
+
+  std::string frame_info(DumpFrames(unwinder));
+  ASSERT_EQ(7U, unwinder.NumFrames()) << "Unwind:\n" << frame_info;
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "  #00 pc 00000000000963a4  libc.so (__ioctl+4)\n"
+      "  #01 pc 000000000005344c  libc.so (ioctl+140)\n"
+      "  #02 pc 0000000000050ce4  libbinder.so "
+      "(android::IPCThreadState::talkWithDriver(bool)+308)\n"
+      "  #03 pc 0000000000050e98  libbinder.so "
+      "(android::IPCThreadState::getAndExecuteCommand()+24)\n"
+      "  #04 pc 00000000000516ac  libbinder.so (android::IPCThreadState::joinThreadPool(bool)+60)\n"
+      "  #05 pc 00000000000443b0  netd (main+1056)\n"
+      "  #06 pc 0000000000045594  libc.so (__libc_init+108)\n",
+      frame_info);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x72a02203a4U, unwinder.frames()[0].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7ffb6c0b50U, unwinder.frames()[0].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x72a01dd44cU, unwinder.frames()[1].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7ffb6c0b50U, unwinder.frames()[1].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x729f759ce4U, unwinder.frames()[2].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7ffb6c0c50U, unwinder.frames()[2].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x729f759e98U, unwinder.frames()[3].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7ffb6c0ce0U, unwinder.frames()[3].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x729f75a6acU, unwinder.frames()[4].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7ffb6c0d10U, unwinder.frames()[4].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x5d478af3b0U, unwinder.frames()[5].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7ffb6c0d40U, unwinder.frames()[5].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x72a01cf594U, unwinder.frames()[6].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7ffb6c0f30U, unwinder.frames()[6].sp);
+}
+
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/libbinder.so b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/libbinder.so
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f30384c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/libbinder.so
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/libc.so b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/libc.so
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b05dcaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/libc.so
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/maps.txt b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/maps.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edb83c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/maps.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+5d4786b000-5d47893000 r--p 0 00:00 0   netd
+5d47893000-5d47894000 ---p 0 00:00 0
+5d47894000-5d47901000 --xp 29000 00:00 0   netd
+729f709000-729f750000 r--p 0 00:00 0   libbinder.so
+729f750000-729f751000 ---p 0 00:00 0
+729f751000-729f794000 --xp 48000 00:00 0   libbinder.so
+72a018a000-72a01c2000 r--p 0 00:00 0   libc.so
+72a01c2000-72a01c3000 ---p 0 00:00 0
+72a01c3000-72a023b000 --xp 39000 00:00 0   libc.so
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/netd b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/netd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a72e94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/netd
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/regs.txt b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/regs.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d4279f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/regs.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+x0: 1d
+x1: c0306201
+x2: 7ffb6c0c50
+x3: 0
+x4: 0
+x5: 0
+x6: 0
+x7: 0
+x8: 1d
+x9: 7ffb6c0c00
+x10: 7ffb6c0c50
+x11: 7ffb6c0bd0
+x12: ffffff80ffffffd0
+x13: 0
+x14: 72a0240ce2
+x15: 20
+x16: 729f7a54e8
+x17: 72a01dd3c0
+x18: 72a0ac2000
+x19: 72a0666000
+x20: 719769b610
+x21: 719769b730
+x22: c0306201
+x23: fffffff7
+x24: 72a0666000
+x25: 0
+x26: 0
+x27: 0
+x28: 0
+x29: 7ffb6c0c30
+sp: 7ffb6c0b50
+lr: 72a01dd450
+pc: 72a02203a4
+pst: a0000000
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/stack.data b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/stack.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d6108c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/empty_arm64/stack.data
Binary files differ