diff --git a/rootdir/Android.mk b/rootdir/Android.mk
index aa970d6..c702d03 100644
--- a/rootdir/Android.mk
+++ b/rootdir/Android.mk
@@ -211,11 +211,17 @@
 $(vndk_lib_dep):
 	$(hide) mkdir -p $(dir $@) && rm -rf $(dir $@)*.dep && touch $@
 
-llndk_libraries := $(subst $(space),:,$(addsuffix .so,$(LLNDK_LIBRARIES)))
+llndk_libraries := $(subst $(space),:,$(addsuffix .so,\
+$(filter-out $(VNDK_PRIVATE_LIBRARIES),$(LLNDK_LIBRARIES))))
 
-vndk_sameprocess_libraries := $(subst $(space),:,$(addsuffix .so,$(VNDK_SAMEPROCESS_LIBRARIES)))
+private_llndk_libraries := $(subst $(space),:,$(addsuffix .so,\
+$(filter $(VNDK_PRIVATE_LIBRARIES),$(LLNDK_LIBRARIES))))
 
-vndk_core_libraries := $(subst $(space),:,$(addsuffix .so,$(VNDK_CORE_LIBRARIES)))
+vndk_sameprocess_libraries := $(subst $(space),:,$(addsuffix .so,\
+$(filter-out $(VNDK_PRIVATE_LIBRARIES),$(VNDK_SAMEPROCESS_LIBRARIES))))
+
+vndk_core_libraries := $(subst $(space),:,$(addsuffix .so,\
+$(filter-out $(VNDK_PRIVATE_LIBRARIES),$(VNDK_CORE_LIBRARIES))))
 
 sanitizer_runtime_libraries := $(subst $(space),:,$(addsuffix .so,\
 $(ADDRESS_SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARY) \
@@ -226,6 +232,7 @@
 $(2ND_TSAN_RUNTIME_LIBRARY)))
 
 $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): PRIVATE_LLNDK_LIBRARIES := $(llndk_libraries)
+$(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): PRIVATE_PRIVATE_LLNDK_LIBRARIES := $(private_llndk_libraries)
 $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): PRIVATE_VNDK_SAMEPROCESS_LIBRARIES := $(vndk_sameprocess_libraries)
 $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): PRIVATE_LLNDK_PRIVATE_LIBRARIES := $(llndk_private_libraries)
 $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_LIBRARIES := $(vndk_core_libraries)
@@ -234,6 +241,7 @@
 	@echo "Generate: $< -> $@"
 	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
 	$(hide) sed -e 's?%LLNDK_LIBRARIES%?$(PRIVATE_LLNDK_LIBRARIES)?g' $< >$@
+	$(hide) sed -i -e 's?%PRIVATE_LLNDK_LIBRARIES%?$(PRIVATE_PRIVATE_LLNDK_LIBRARIES)?g' $@
 	$(hide) sed -i -e 's?%VNDK_SAMEPROCESS_LIBRARIES%?$(PRIVATE_VNDK_SAMEPROCESS_LIBRARIES)?g' $@
 	$(hide) sed -i -e 's?%VNDK_CORE_LIBRARIES%?$(PRIVATE_VNDK_CORE_LIBRARIES)?g' $@
 	$(hide) sed -i -e 's?%SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%?$(PRIVATE_SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES)?g' $@
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt.in b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt.in
index f1e1d53..3278ccf 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt.in
+++ b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt.in
@@ -87,6 +87,9 @@
 
 namespace.rs.links = default,vndk
 namespace.rs.link.default.shared_libs = %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%:%SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
+# Private LLNDK libs (e.g. libft2.so) are exceptionally allowed to this
+# namespace because RS framework libs are using them.
+namespace.rs.link.default.shared_libs += %PRIVATE_LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
 namespace.rs.link.vndk.shared_libs = %VNDK_SAMEPROCESS_LIBRARIES%
 
 ###############################################################################
@@ -120,28 +123,31 @@
 ###############################################################################
 # "default" namespace
 #
-# Vendor-side code runs in this namespace.
+# This is the default linker namespace for a vendor process (a process started
+# from /vendor/bin/*). The main executable and the libs under /vendor/lib[64]
+# are loaded directly into this namespace. However, other libs under the system
+# partition (VNDK and LLNDK libraries) are not loaded here but from the
+# separate namespace 'system'. The delegation to the system namespace is done
+# via the 'namespace.default.link.system.shared_libs' property below.
 ###############################################################################
 namespace.default.isolated = true
 namespace.default.visible = true
 
-namespace.default.search.paths = /vendor/${LIB}/hw:/vendor/${LIB}/egl:/vendor/${LIB}:/vendor/${LIB}/vndk${VNDK_VER}:/system/${LIB}/vndk${VNDK_VER}:/vendor/${LIB}/vndk-sp${VNDK_VER}:/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp${VNDK_VER}
-namespace.default.permitted.paths = /vendor:/system/${LIB}/vndk${VNDK_VER}:/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp${VNDK_VER}
+namespace.default.search.paths = /vendor/${LIB}/hw:/vendor/${LIB}/egl:/vendor/${LIB}:/vendor/${LIB}/vndk${VNDK_VER}:/vendor/${LIB}/vndk-sp${VNDK_VER}
+namespace.default.permitted.paths = /vendor
 
-namespace.default.asan.search.paths = /data/asan/vendor/${LIB}/hw:/vendor/${LIB}/hw:/data/asan/vendor/${LIB}/egl:/vendor/${LIB}/egl:/data/asan/vendor/${LIB}:/vendor/${LIB}:/data/asan/vendor/${LIB}/vndk${VNDK_VER}:/vendor/${LIB}/vndk${VNDK_VER}:/data/asan/system/${LIB}/vndk${VNDK_VER}:/system/${LIB}/vndk${VNDK_VER}:/data/asan/vendor/${LIB}/vndk-sp${VNDK_VER}:/vendor/${LIB}/vndk-sp${VNDK_VER}:/data/asan/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp${VNDK_VER}:/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp${VNDK_VER}
-namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths = /data/asan/vendor:/vendor:/data/asan/system/${LIB}/vndk${VNDK_VER}:/system/${LIB}/vndk${VNDK_VER}:/data/asan/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp${VNDK_VER}:/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp${VNDK_VER}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths = /data/asan/vendor/${LIB}/hw:/vendor/${LIB}/hw:/data/asan/vendor/${LIB}/egl:/vendor/${LIB}/egl:/data/asan/vendor/${LIB}:/vendor/${LIB}:/data/asan/vendor/${LIB}/vndk${VNDK_VER}:/vendor/${LIB}/vndk${VNDK_VER}:/data/asan/vendor/${LIB}/vndk-sp${VNDK_VER}:/vendor/${LIB}/vndk-sp${VNDK_VER}:namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths = /data/asan/vendor:/vendor
 
 namespace.default.links = system
-namespace.default.link.system.shared_libs = %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
+namespace.default.link.system.shared_libs = %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%:%VNDK_SAMEPROCESS_LIBRARIES%:%VNDK_CORE_LIBRARIES%
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "system" namespace
 #
-# This is for vendor process to use LL-NDK in system partition.
+# This namespace is where system libs (VNDK and LLNDK libs) are loaded for
+# a vendor process.
 ###############################################################################
 namespace.system.isolated = false
-namespace.system.search.paths = /system/${LIB}
-namespace.system.permitted.paths = /system/${LIB}
+namespace.system.search.paths = /system/${LIB}/vndk-sp${VNDK_VER}:/system/${LIB}/vndk${VNDK_VER}:/system/${LIB}
 
-namespace.system.asan.search.paths = /data/asan/system/${LIB}:/system/${LIB}
-namespace.system.asan.permitted.paths = /data/asan/system/${LIB}:/system/${LIB}
+namespace.system.asan.search.paths = /data/asan/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp${VNDK_VER}:/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp${VNDK_VER}:/data/asan/system/${LIB}/vndk${VNDK_VER}:/system/${LIB}/vndk${VNDK_VER}:/data/asan/system/${LIB}:/system/${LIB}