diff --git a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt
index 264c612..d3e80c9 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 dir.postinstall = /postinstall
 
 [system]
-additional.namespaces = runtime,sphal,vndk,rs
+additional.namespaces = sphal,vndk,rs
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "default" namespace
@@ -105,28 +105,6 @@
 namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths += /%PRODUCT_SERVICES%/priv-app
 namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths += /mnt/expand
 
-# Keep in sync with ld.config.txt in the com.android.runtime APEX.
-namespace.default.links = runtime
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs  = libc.so:libdl.so:libm.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libart.so:libartd.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativebridge.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativehelper.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativeloader.so
-
-###############################################################################
-# "runtime" APEX namespace
-#
-# This namespace exposes externally accessible libraries from the Runtime APEX.
-###############################################################################
-namespace.runtime.isolated = true
-
-# Keep in sync with ld.config.txt in the com.android.runtime APEX.
-namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.links = default
-# TODO(b/119867084): Restrict to Bionic dlopen dependencies and PALette library
-# when it exists.
-namespace.runtime.link.default.allow_all_shared_libs = true
-
 ###############################################################################
 # "sphal" namespace
 #
@@ -161,12 +139,8 @@
 
 # Once in this namespace, access to libraries in /system/lib is restricted. Only
 # libs listed here can be used.
-namespace.sphal.links = runtime,default,vndk,rs
+namespace.sphal.links = default,vndk,rs
 
-namespace.sphal.link.runtime.shared_libs = libc.so:libdl.so:libm.so
-
-# LLNDK_LIBRARIES includes the runtime libs above, but the order here ensures
-# that they are loaded from the runtime namespace.
 namespace.sphal.link.default.shared_libs  = %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
 namespace.sphal.link.default.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
 
@@ -213,11 +187,9 @@
 namespace.rs.asan.permitted.paths +=           /vendor/${LIB}
 namespace.rs.asan.permitted.paths += /data
 
-namespace.rs.links = runtime,default,vndk
+namespace.rs.links = default,vndk
 
-namespace.rs.link.runtime.shared_libs = libc.so:libdl.so:libm.so
-
-namespace.rs.link.default.shared_libs  = %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
+namespace.rs.link.default.shared_libs  =  %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
 namespace.rs.link.default.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
 # Private LLNDK libs (e.g. libft2.so) are exceptionally allowed to this
 # namespace because RS framework libs are using them.
@@ -263,13 +235,10 @@
 namespace.vndk.asan.permitted.paths += /data/asan/system/${LIB}/vndk-sp%VNDK_VER%/hw
 namespace.vndk.asan.permitted.paths +=           /system/${LIB}/vndk-sp%VNDK_VER%/hw
 
-# The "vndk" namespace links to "runtime" for Bionic libs, "default" namespace
-# for LLNDK libs, and links to "sphal" namespace for vendor libs. The ordering
-# matters. The "default" namespace has higher priority than the "sphal"
-# namespace.
-namespace.vndk.links = runtime,default,sphal
-
-namespace.vndk.link.runtime.shared_libs = libc.so:libdl.so:libm.so
+# The "vndk" namespace links to "default" namespace for LLNDK libs and links to
+# "sphal" namespace for vendor libs.  The ordering matters.  The "default"
+# namespace has higher priority than the "sphal" namespace.
+namespace.vndk.links = default,sphal
 
 # When these NDK libs are required inside this namespace, then it is redirected
 # to the default namespace. This is possible since their ABI is stable across
@@ -280,7 +249,6 @@
 # Allow VNDK-SP extensions to use vendor libraries
 namespace.vndk.link.sphal.allow_all_shared_libs = true
 
-
 ###############################################################################
 # Namespace config for vendor processes. In O, no restriction is enforced for
 # them. However, in O-MR1, access to /system/${LIB} will not be allowed to
@@ -288,7 +256,7 @@
 # (LL-NDK only) access.
 ###############################################################################
 [vendor]
-additional.namespaces = runtime,system,vndk
+additional.namespaces = system,vndk
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "default" namespace
@@ -319,24 +287,12 @@
 namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths += /data/asan/vendor
 namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths +=           /vendor
 
-namespace.default.links = runtime,system,vndk
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs = libc.so:libdl.so:libm.so
+namespace.default.links = system,vndk
 namespace.default.link.system.shared_libs = %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
 namespace.default.link.vndk.shared_libs  = %VNDK_SAMEPROCESS_LIBRARIES%
 namespace.default.link.vndk.shared_libs += %VNDK_CORE_LIBRARIES%
 
 ###############################################################################
-# "runtime" APEX namespace
-#
-# This namespace pulls in externally accessible libs from the Runtime APEX.
-###############################################################################
-namespace.runtime.isolated = true
-namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.links = default
-# TODO(b/119867084): Restrict to Bionic dlopen dependencies.
-namespace.runtime.link.default.allow_all_shared_libs = true
-
-###############################################################################
 # "vndk" namespace
 #
 # This namespace is where VNDK and VNDK-SP libraries are loaded for
@@ -367,10 +323,7 @@
 # When these NDK libs are required inside this namespace, then it is redirected
 # to the system namespace. This is possible since their ABI is stable across
 # Android releases.
-namespace.vndk.links = runtime,system,default
-
-namespace.vndk.link.runtime.shared_libs = libc.so:libdl.so:libm.so
-
+namespace.vndk.links = system,default
 namespace.vndk.link.system.shared_libs  = %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
 namespace.vndk.link.system.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
 
@@ -395,36 +348,16 @@
 namespace.system.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/product_services/${LIB}
 namespace.system.asan.search.paths +=           /%PRODUCT_SERVICES%/${LIB}
 
-namespace.system.links = runtime
-namespace.system.link.runtime.shared_libs = libc.so:libdl.so:libm.so
-
-
 ###############################################################################
 # Namespace config for binaries under /postinstall.
-# Only default and runtime namespaces are defined and default has no directories
-# other than /system/lib in the search paths. This is because linker calls
-# realpath on the search paths and this causes selinux denial if the paths
-# (/vendor, /odm) are not allowed to the postinstall binaries. There is no
-# reason to allow the binaries to access the paths.
+# Only one default namespace is defined and it has no directories other than
+# /system/lib in the search paths. This is because linker calls realpath on the
+# search paths and this causes selinux denial if the paths (/vendor, /odm) are
+# not allowed to the poinstall binaries. There is no reason to allow the
+# binaries to access the paths.
 ###############################################################################
 [postinstall]
-additional.namespaces = runtime
-
 namespace.default.isolated = false
 namespace.default.search.paths  = /system/${LIB}
 namespace.default.search.paths += /%PRODUCT%/${LIB}
 namespace.default.search.paths += /%PRODUCT_SERVICES%/${LIB}
-
-namespace.default.links = runtime
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs = libc.so:libdl.so:libm.so
-
-###############################################################################
-# "runtime" APEX namespace
-#
-# This namespace pulls in externally accessible libs from the Runtime APEX.
-###############################################################################
-namespace.runtime.isolated = true
-namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.links = default
-# TODO(b/119867084): Restrict to Bionic dlopen dependencies.
-namespace.runtime.link.default.allow_all_shared_libs = true
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt
index 7ca45ff..7e354ac 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 dir.postinstall = /postinstall
 
 [system]
-additional.namespaces = runtime,sphal,vndk,rs
+additional.namespaces = sphal,vndk,rs
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "default" namespace
@@ -55,27 +55,6 @@
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/product_services/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /%PRODUCT_SERVICES%/${LIB}
 
-# Keep in sync with ld.config.txt in the com.android.runtime APEX.
-namespace.default.links = runtime
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs  = libc.so:libdl.so:libm.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libart.so:libartd.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativehelper.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativeloader.so
-
-###############################################################################
-# "runtime" APEX namespace
-#
-# This namespace pulls in externally accessible libs from the Runtime APEX.
-###############################################################################
-namespace.runtime.isolated = true
-
-# Keep in sync with ld.config.txt in the com.android.runtime APEX.
-namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.links = default
-# TODO(b/119867084): Restrict to Bionic dlopen dependencies and PALette library
-# when it exists.
-namespace.runtime.link.default.allow_all_shared_libs = true
-
 ###############################################################################
 # "sphal" namespace
 #
@@ -110,12 +89,8 @@
 
 # Once in this namespace, access to libraries in /system/lib is restricted. Only
 # libs listed here can be used.
-namespace.sphal.links = runtime,default,vndk,rs
+namespace.sphal.links = default,vndk,rs
 
-namespace.sphal.link.runtime.shared_libs = libc.so:libdl.so:libm.so
-
-# LLNDK_LIBRARIES includes the runtime libs above, but the order here ensures
-# that they are loaded from the runtime namespace.
 namespace.sphal.link.default.shared_libs  = %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
 namespace.sphal.link.default.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
 
@@ -162,11 +137,9 @@
 namespace.rs.asan.permitted.paths +=           /vendor/${LIB}
 namespace.rs.asan.permitted.paths += /data
 
-namespace.rs.links = runtime,default,vndk
+namespace.rs.links = default,vndk
 
-namespace.rs.link.runtime.shared_libs = libc.so:libdl.so:libm.so
-
-namespace.rs.link.default.shared_libs  = %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
+namespace.rs.link.default.shared_libs  =  %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
 namespace.rs.link.default.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
 # Private LLNDK libs (e.g. libft2.so) are exceptionally allowed to this
 # namespace because RS framework libs are using them.
@@ -215,14 +188,10 @@
 # When these NDK libs are required inside this namespace, then it is redirected
 # to the default namespace. This is possible since their ABI is stable across
 # Android releases.
-namespace.vndk.links = runtime,default
-
-namespace.vndk.link.runtime.shared_libs = libc.so:libdl.so:libm.so
-
+namespace.vndk.links = default
 namespace.vndk.link.default.shared_libs  = %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
 namespace.vndk.link.default.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
 
-
 ###############################################################################
 # Namespace config for vendor processes. In O, no restriction is enforced for
 # them. However, in O-MR1, access to /system/${LIB} will not be allowed to
@@ -230,7 +199,6 @@
 # (LL-NDK only) access.
 ###############################################################################
 [vendor]
-additional.namespaces = runtime
 namespace.default.isolated = false
 
 namespace.default.search.paths  = /odm/${LIB}
@@ -240,7 +208,7 @@
 namespace.default.search.paths += /vendor/${LIB}/vndk
 namespace.default.search.paths += /vendor/${LIB}/vndk-sp
 
-# Access to system libraries is allowed
+# Access to system libraries are allowed
 namespace.default.search.paths += /system/${LIB}/vndk%VNDK_VER%
 namespace.default.search.paths += /system/${LIB}/vndk-sp%VNDK_VER%
 namespace.default.search.paths += /system/${LIB}
@@ -270,47 +238,16 @@
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/product_services/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /%PRODUCT_SERVICES%/${LIB}
 
-namespace.default.links = runtime
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs = libc.so:libdl.so:libm.so
-
-###############################################################################
-# "runtime" APEX namespace
-#
-# This namespace pulls in externally accessible libs from the Runtime APEX.
-###############################################################################
-namespace.runtime.isolated = true
-namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.links = default
-# TODO(b/119867084): Restrict to Bionic dlopen dependencies.
-namespace.runtime.link.default.allow_all_shared_libs = true
-
-
 ###############################################################################
 # Namespace config for binaries under /postinstall.
-# Only default and runtime namespaces are defined and default has no directories
-# other than /system/lib in the search paths. This is because linker calls
-# realpath on the search paths and this causes selinux denial if the paths
-# (/vendor, /odm) are not allowed to the postinstall binaries. There is no
-# reason to allow the binaries to access the paths.
+# Only one default namespace is defined and it has no directories other than
+# /system/lib in the search paths. This is because linker calls realpath on the
+# search paths and this causes selinux denial if the paths (/vendor, /odm) are
+# not allowed to the poinstall binaries. There is no reason to allow the
+# binaries to access the paths.
 ###############################################################################
 [postinstall]
-additional.namespaces = runtime
-
 namespace.default.isolated = false
 namespace.default.search.paths  = /system/${LIB}
 namespace.default.search.paths += /%PRODUCT%/${LIB}
 namespace.default.search.paths += /%PRODUCT_SERVICES%/${LIB}
-
-namespace.default.links = runtime
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs = libc.so:libdl.so:libm.so
-
-###############################################################################
-# "runtime" APEX namespace
-#
-# This namespace pulls in externally accessible libs from the Runtime APEX.
-###############################################################################
-namespace.runtime.isolated = true
-namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.links = default
-# TODO(b/119867084): Restrict to Bionic dlopen dependencies.
-namespace.runtime.link.default.allow_all_shared_libs = true