diff --git a/CleanSpec.mk b/CleanSpec.mk
index dc45959..e6f8716 100644
--- a/CleanSpec.mk
+++ b/CleanSpec.mk
@@ -74,3 +74,6 @@
 $(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system/etc/ld.config.txt)
 $(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system/etc/llndk.libraries.txt)
 $(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system/etc/vndksp.libraries.txt)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system/etc/ld.config.txt)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system/etc/llndk.libraries.txt)
+$(call add-clean-step, rm -rf $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system/etc/vndksp.libraries.txt)
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
index 9d504d6..68cc530 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
@@ -679,6 +679,49 @@
     return a;
 }
 
+/* Extracts <device>s from the by-name symlinks specified in a fstab:
+ *   /dev/block/<type>/<device>/by-name/<partition>
+ *
+ * <type> can be: platform, pci or vbd.
+ *
+ * For example, given the following entries in the input fstab:
+ *   /dev/block/platform/soc/1da4000.ufshc/by-name/system
+ *   /dev/block/pci/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/by-name/vendor
+ * it returns a set { "soc/1da4000.ufshc", "soc.0/f9824900.sdhci" }.
+ */
+static std::set<std::string> extract_boot_devices(const fstab& fstab) {
+    std::set<std::string> boot_devices;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < fstab.num_entries; i++) {
+        std::string blk_device(fstab.recs[i].blk_device);
+        // Skips blk_device that doesn't conform to the format.
+        if (!android::base::StartsWith(blk_device, "/dev/block") ||
+            android::base::StartsWith(blk_device, "/dev/block/by-name") ||
+            android::base::StartsWith(blk_device, "/dev/block/bootdevice/by-name")) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        // Skips non-by_name blk_device.
+        // /dev/block/<type>/<device>/by-name/<partition>
+        //                           ^ slash_by_name
+        auto slash_by_name = blk_device.find("/by-name");
+        if (slash_by_name == std::string::npos) continue;
+        blk_device.erase(slash_by_name);  // erases /by-name/<partition>
+
+        // Erases /dev/block/, now we have <type>/<device>
+        blk_device.erase(0, std::string("/dev/block/").size());
+
+        // <type>/<device>
+        //       ^ first_slash
+        auto first_slash = blk_device.find('/');
+        if (first_slash == std::string::npos) continue;
+
+        auto boot_device = blk_device.substr(first_slash + 1);
+        if (!boot_device.empty()) boot_devices.insert(std::move(boot_device));
+    }
+
+    return boot_devices;
+}
+
 struct fstab *fs_mgr_read_fstab(const char *fstab_path)
 {
     FILE *fstab_file;
@@ -855,6 +898,23 @@
     return nullptr;
 }
 
+std::set<std::string> fs_mgr_get_boot_devices() {
+    // boot_devices can be specified in device tree.
+    std::string dt_value;
+    std::string file_name = get_android_dt_dir() + "/boot_devices";
+    if (read_dt_file(file_name, &dt_value)) {
+        auto boot_devices = android::base::Split(dt_value, ",");
+        return std::set<std::string>(boot_devices.begin(), boot_devices.end());
+    }
+
+    // Fallback to extract boot devices from fstab.
+    std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
+                                                               fs_mgr_free_fstab);
+    if (fstab) return extract_boot_devices(*fstab);
+
+    return {};
+}
+
 int fs_mgr_is_voldmanaged(const struct fstab_rec *fstab)
 {
     return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_VOLDMANAGED;
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h b/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h
index 8c585dd..e8da2ac 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 
+#include <set>
 #include <string>
 
 /*
@@ -87,5 +88,6 @@
 int fs_mgr_has_sysfs_path(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
 
 std::string fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix();
+std::set<std::string> fs_mgr_get_boot_devices();
 
 #endif /* __CORE_FS_TAB_H */
diff --git a/healthd/healthd_mode_charger.cpp b/healthd/healthd_mode_charger.cpp
index 61e7465..56a9f86 100644
--- a/healthd/healthd_mode_charger.cpp
+++ b/healthd/healthd_mode_charger.cpp
@@ -308,6 +308,9 @@
 
     disp_time = batt_anim->frames[batt_anim->cur_frame].disp_time;
 
+    /* unblank the screen on first cycle and first frame */
+    if (batt_anim->cur_cycle == 0 && batt_anim->cur_frame == 0) healthd_draw->blank_screen(false);
+
     /* animation starting, set up the animation */
     if (batt_anim->cur_frame == 0) {
         LOGV("[%" PRId64 "] animation starting\n", now);
@@ -331,9 +334,6 @@
         }
     }
 
-    /* unblank the screen  on first cycle */
-    if (batt_anim->cur_cycle == 0) healthd_draw->blank_screen(false);
-
     /* draw the new frame (@ cur_frame) */
     healthd_draw->redraw_screen(charger->batt_anim, charger->surf_unknown);
 
@@ -635,7 +635,7 @@
 
     ret = res_create_display_surface(anim->fail_file.c_str(), &charger->surf_unknown);
     if (ret < 0) {
-        LOGE("Cannot load custom battery_fail image. Reverting to built in.\n");
+        LOGE("Cannot load custom battery_fail image. Reverting to built in: %d\n", ret);
         ret = res_create_display_surface("charger/battery_fail", &charger->surf_unknown);
         if (ret < 0) {
             LOGE("Cannot load built in battery_fail image\n");
diff --git a/init/README.md b/init/README.md
index 5c2352b..9099427 100644
--- a/init/README.md
+++ b/init/README.md
@@ -187,6 +187,10 @@
   seclabel or computed based on the service executable file security context.
   For native executables see libcutils android\_get\_control\_socket().
 
+`enter_namespace <type> <path>`
+> Enters the namespace of type _type_ located at _path_. Only network namespaces are supported with
+  _type_ set to "net". Note that only one namespace of a given _type_ may be entered.
+
 `file <path> <type>`
 > Open a file path and pass its fd to the launched process. _type_ must be
   "r", "w" or "rw".  For native executables see libcutils
diff --git a/init/devices.cpp b/init/devices.cpp
index 8d27f4f..ada1e28 100644
--- a/init/devices.cpp
+++ b/init/devices.cpp
@@ -329,10 +329,10 @@
                          << partition_name_sanitized << "'";
         }
         links.emplace_back(link_path + "/by-name/" + partition_name_sanitized);
-    }
-
-    if (uevent.partition_num >= 0) {
-        links.emplace_back(link_path + "/by-num/p" + std::to_string(uevent.partition_num));
+        // Adds symlink: /dev/block/by-name/<partition_name>.
+        if (boot_devices_.find(device) != boot_devices_.end()) {
+            links.emplace_back("/dev/block/by-name/" + partition_name_sanitized);
+        }
     }
 
     auto last_slash = uevent.path.rfind('/');
@@ -350,8 +350,14 @@
                 PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create directory " << Dirname(link);
             }
 
-            if (symlink(devpath.c_str(), link.c_str()) && errno != EEXIST) {
-                PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to symlink " << devpath << " to " << link;
+            if (symlink(devpath.c_str(), link.c_str())) {
+                if (errno != EEXIST) {
+                    PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to symlink " << devpath << " to " << link;
+                } else if (std::string link_path;
+                           Readlink(link, &link_path) && link_path != devpath) {
+                    PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to symlink " << devpath << " to " << link
+                                << ", which already links to: " << link_path;
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -415,16 +421,18 @@
 
 DeviceHandler::DeviceHandler(std::vector<Permissions> dev_permissions,
                              std::vector<SysfsPermissions> sysfs_permissions,
-                             std::vector<Subsystem> subsystems, bool skip_restorecon)
+                             std::vector<Subsystem> subsystems, std::set<std::string> boot_devices,
+                             bool skip_restorecon)
     : dev_permissions_(std::move(dev_permissions)),
       sysfs_permissions_(std::move(sysfs_permissions)),
       subsystems_(std::move(subsystems)),
+      boot_devices_(std::move(boot_devices)),
       skip_restorecon_(skip_restorecon),
       sysfs_mount_point_("/sys") {}
 
 DeviceHandler::DeviceHandler()
     : DeviceHandler(std::vector<Permissions>{}, std::vector<SysfsPermissions>{},
-                    std::vector<Subsystem>{}, false) {}
+                    std::vector<Subsystem>{}, std::set<std::string>{}, false) {}
 
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/devices.h b/init/devices.h
index 1f8f1e8..f9035da 100644
--- a/init/devices.h
+++ b/init/devices.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <set>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -103,8 +104,8 @@
 
     DeviceHandler();
     DeviceHandler(std::vector<Permissions> dev_permissions,
-                  std::vector<SysfsPermissions> sysfs_permissions,
-                  std::vector<Subsystem> subsystems, bool skip_restorecon);
+                  std::vector<SysfsPermissions> sysfs_permissions, std::vector<Subsystem> subsystems,
+                  std::set<std::string> boot_devices, bool skip_restorecon);
     ~DeviceHandler(){};
 
     void HandleDeviceEvent(const Uevent& uevent);
@@ -125,6 +126,7 @@
     std::vector<Permissions> dev_permissions_;
     std::vector<SysfsPermissions> sysfs_permissions_;
     std::vector<Subsystem> subsystems_;
+    std::set<std::string> boot_devices_;
     bool skip_restorecon_;
     std::string sysfs_mount_point_;
 };
diff --git a/init/devices_test.cpp b/init/devices_test.cpp
index eba00cb..d658f4d 100644
--- a/init/devices_test.cpp
+++ b/init/devices_test.cpp
@@ -84,7 +84,6 @@
     };
     std::vector<std::string> expected_result{
         "/dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/by-name/modem",
-        "/dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/by-num/p1",
         "/dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/mmcblk0p1",
     };
 
@@ -100,7 +99,6 @@
         .partition_num = 1,
     };
     std::vector<std::string> expected_result{
-        "/dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/by-num/p1",
         "/dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/mmcblk0p1",
     };
 
diff --git a/init/init_first_stage.cpp b/init/init_first_stage.cpp
index 45d3d44..033ce41 100644
--- a/init/init_first_stage.cpp
+++ b/init/init_first_stage.cpp
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
     std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> device_tree_fstab_;
     std::vector<fstab_rec*> mount_fstab_recs_;
     std::set<std::string> required_devices_partition_names_;
-    DeviceHandler device_handler_;
+    std::unique_ptr<DeviceHandler> device_handler_;
     UeventListener uevent_listener_;
 };
 
@@ -127,6 +127,11 @@
     for (int i = 0; i < device_tree_fstab_->num_entries; i++) {
         mount_fstab_recs_.push_back(&device_tree_fstab_->recs[i]);
     }
+
+    auto boot_devices = fs_mgr_get_boot_devices();
+    device_handler_ =
+        std::make_unique<DeviceHandler>(std::vector<Permissions>{}, std::vector<SysfsPermissions>{},
+                                        std::vector<Subsystem>{}, std::move(boot_devices), false);
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<FirstStageMount> FirstStageMount::Create() {
@@ -165,7 +170,7 @@
         bool found = false;
         auto dm_callback = [this, &dm_path, &found](const Uevent& uevent) {
             if (uevent.path == dm_path) {
-                device_handler_.HandleDeviceEvent(uevent);
+                device_handler_->HandleDeviceEvent(uevent);
                 found = true;
                 return ListenerAction::kStop;
             }
@@ -215,7 +220,7 @@
     if (iter != required_devices_partition_names_.end()) {
         LOG(VERBOSE) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << ": found partition: " << *iter;
         required_devices_partition_names_.erase(iter);
-        device_handler_.HandleDeviceEvent(uevent);
+        device_handler_->HandleDeviceEvent(uevent);
         if (required_devices_partition_names_.empty()) {
             return ListenerAction::kStop;
         } else {
@@ -252,7 +257,7 @@
     auto verity_callback = [&device_name, &verity_device, this, &found](const Uevent& uevent) {
         if (uevent.device_name == device_name) {
             LOG(VERBOSE) << "Creating dm-verity device : " << verity_device;
-            device_handler_.HandleDeviceEvent(uevent);
+            device_handler_->HandleDeviceEvent(uevent);
             found = true;
             return ListenerAction::kStop;
         }
@@ -413,9 +418,8 @@
         // the content of uevent. by-name symlink will be at [0] if uevent->partition_name
         // is not empty. e.g.,
         //   - /dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/by-name/modem
-        //   - /dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/by-num/p1
         //   - /dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/mmcblk0p1
-        std::vector<std::string> links = device_handler_.GetBlockDeviceSymlinks(uevent);
+        std::vector<std::string> links = device_handler_->GetBlockDeviceSymlinks(uevent);
         if (!links.empty()) {
             auto[it, inserted] = by_name_symlink_map_.emplace(uevent.partition_name, links[0]);
             if (!inserted) {
diff --git a/init/property_service.cpp b/init/property_service.cpp
index c3100a5..4172ba7 100644
--- a/init/property_service.cpp
+++ b/init/property_service.cpp
@@ -95,6 +95,11 @@
 
 void CreateSerializedPropertyInfo();
 
+struct PropertyAuditData {
+    const ucred* cr;
+    const char* name;
+};
+
 void property_init() {
     mkdir("/dev/__properties__", S_IRWXU | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH);
     CreateSerializedPropertyInfo();
@@ -111,7 +116,7 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    property_audit_data audit_data;
+    PropertyAuditData audit_data;
 
     audit_data.name = name.c_str();
     audit_data.cr = &cr;
@@ -388,6 +393,35 @@
     DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(SocketConnection);
 };
 
+bool CheckControlPropertyPerms(const std::string& name, const std::string& value,
+                               const std::string& source_context, const ucred& cr) {
+    // We check the legacy method first but these properties are dontaudit, so we only log an audit
+    // if the newer method fails as well.  We only do this with the legacy ctl. properties.
+    if (name == "ctl.start" || name == "ctl.stop" || name == "ctl.restart") {
+        // The legacy permissions model is that ctl. properties have their name ctl.<action> and
+        // their value is the name of the service to apply that action to.  Permissions for these
+        // actions are based on the service, so we must create a fake name of ctl.<service> to
+        // check permissions.
+        auto control_string_legacy = "ctl." + value;
+        const char* target_context_legacy = nullptr;
+        const char* type_legacy = nullptr;
+        property_info_area->GetPropertyInfo(control_string_legacy.c_str(), &target_context_legacy,
+                                            &type_legacy);
+
+        if (CheckMacPerms(control_string_legacy, target_context_legacy, source_context.c_str(), cr)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto control_string_full = name + "$" + value;
+    const char* target_context_full = nullptr;
+    const char* type_full = nullptr;
+    property_info_area->GetPropertyInfo(control_string_full.c_str(), &target_context_full,
+                                        &type_full);
+
+    return CheckMacPerms(control_string_full, target_context_full, source_context.c_str(), cr);
+}
+
 // This returns one of the enum of PROP_SUCCESS or PROP_ERROR*.
 uint32_t HandlePropertySet(const std::string& name, const std::string& value,
                            const std::string& source_context, const ucred& cr, std::string* error) {
@@ -397,15 +431,9 @@
     }
 
     if (StartsWith(name, "ctl.")) {
-        // ctl. properties have their name ctl.<action> and their value is the name of the service
-        // to apply that action to.  Permissions for these actions are based on the service, so we
-        // must create a fake name of ctl.<service> to check permissions.
-        auto control_string = "ctl." + value;
-        const char* target_context = nullptr;
-        const char* type = nullptr;
-        property_info_area->GetPropertyInfo(control_string.c_str(), &target_context, &type);
-        if (!CheckMacPerms(control_string, target_context, source_context.c_str(), cr)) {
-            *error = StringPrintf("Unable to '%s' service %s", name.c_str() + 4, value.c_str());
+        if (!CheckControlPropertyPerms(name, value, source_context, cr)) {
+            *error = StringPrintf("Invalid permissions to perform '%s' on '%s'", name.c_str() + 4,
+                                  value.c_str());
             return PROP_ERROR_HANDLE_CONTROL_MESSAGE;
         }
 
@@ -737,7 +765,7 @@
 }
 
 static int SelinuxAuditCallback(void* data, security_class_t /*cls*/, char* buf, size_t len) {
-    property_audit_data* d = reinterpret_cast<property_audit_data*>(data);
+    auto* d = reinterpret_cast<PropertyAuditData*>(data);
 
     if (!d || !d->name || !d->cr) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "AuditCallback invoked with null data arguments!";
diff --git a/init/property_service.h b/init/property_service.h
index 29eaaa9..897ac15 100644
--- a/init/property_service.h
+++ b/init/property_service.h
@@ -24,11 +24,6 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-struct property_audit_data {
-    const ucred* cr;
-    const char* name;
-};
-
 extern uint32_t (*property_set)(const std::string& name, const std::string& value);
 
 uint32_t HandlePropertySet(const std::string& name, const std::string& value,
diff --git a/init/service.cpp b/init/service.cpp
index 09d8dae..37d3a88 100644
--- a/init/service.cpp
+++ b/init/service.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <hidl-util/FQName.h>
 #include <processgroup/processgroup.h>
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
@@ -59,13 +60,13 @@
 using android::base::ParseInt;
 using android::base::StartsWith;
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
+using android::base::unique_fd;
 using android::base::WriteStringToFile;
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-static Result<std::string> ComputeContextFromExecutable(std::string& service_name,
-                                                        const std::string& service_path) {
+static Result<std::string> ComputeContextFromExecutable(const std::string& service_path) {
     std::string computed_context;
 
     char* raw_con = nullptr;
@@ -101,36 +102,49 @@
     return computed_context;
 }
 
-static void SetUpPidNamespace(const std::string& service_name) {
+Result<Success> Service::SetUpMountNamespace() const {
     constexpr unsigned int kSafeFlags = MS_NODEV | MS_NOEXEC | MS_NOSUID;
 
-    // It's OK to LOG(FATAL) in this function since it's running in the first
-    // child process.
-
     // Recursively remount / as slave like zygote does so unmounting and mounting /proc
     // doesn't interfere with the parent namespace's /proc mount. This will also
     // prevent any other mounts/unmounts initiated by the service from interfering
     // with the parent namespace but will still allow mount events from the parent
     // namespace to propagate to the child.
     if (mount("rootfs", "/", nullptr, (MS_SLAVE | MS_REC), nullptr) == -1) {
-        PLOG(FATAL) << "couldn't remount(/) recursively as slave for " << service_name;
-    }
-    // umount() then mount() /proc.
-    // Note that it is not sufficient to mount with MS_REMOUNT.
-    if (umount("/proc") == -1) {
-        PLOG(FATAL) << "couldn't umount(/proc) for " << service_name;
-    }
-    if (mount("", "/proc", "proc", kSafeFlags, "") == -1) {
-        PLOG(FATAL) << "couldn't mount(/proc) for " << service_name;
+        return ErrnoError() << "Could not remount(/) recursively as slave";
     }
 
-    if (prctl(PR_SET_NAME, service_name.c_str()) == -1) {
-        PLOG(FATAL) << "couldn't set name for " << service_name;
+    // umount() then mount() /proc and/or /sys
+    // Note that it is not sufficient to mount with MS_REMOUNT.
+    if (namespace_flags_ & CLONE_NEWPID) {
+        if (umount("/proc") == -1) {
+            return ErrnoError() << "Could not umount(/proc)";
+        }
+        if (mount("", "/proc", "proc", kSafeFlags, "") == -1) {
+            return ErrnoError() << "Could not mount(/proc)";
+        }
+    }
+    bool remount_sys = std::any_of(namespaces_to_enter_.begin(), namespaces_to_enter_.end(),
+                                   [](const auto& entry) { return entry.first == CLONE_NEWNET; });
+    if (remount_sys) {
+        if (umount2("/sys", MNT_DETACH) == -1) {
+            return ErrnoError() << "Could not umount(/sys)";
+        }
+        if (mount("", "/sys", "sys", kSafeFlags, "") == -1) {
+            return ErrnoError() << "Could not mount(/sys)";
+        }
+    }
+    return Success();
+}
+
+Result<Success> Service::SetUpPidNamespace() const {
+    if (prctl(PR_SET_NAME, name_.c_str()) == -1) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "Could not set name";
     }
 
     pid_t child_pid = fork();
     if (child_pid == -1) {
-        PLOG(FATAL) << "couldn't fork init inside the PID namespace for " << service_name;
+        return ErrnoError() << "Could not fork init inside the PID namespace";
     }
 
     if (child_pid > 0) {
@@ -153,6 +167,20 @@
         }
         _exit(WEXITSTATUS(init_exitstatus));
     }
+    return Success();
+}
+
+Result<Success> Service::EnterNamespaces() const {
+    for (const auto& [nstype, path] : namespaces_to_enter_) {
+        auto fd = unique_fd{open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)};
+        if (!fd) {
+            return ErrnoError() << "Could not open namespace at " << path;
+        }
+        if (setns(fd, nstype) == -1) {
+            return ErrnoError() << "Could not setns() namespace at " << path;
+        }
+    }
+    return Success();
 }
 
 static bool ExpandArgsAndExecv(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
@@ -418,6 +446,20 @@
     return Success();
 }
 
+Result<Success> Service::ParseEnterNamespace(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    if (args[1] != "net") {
+        return Error() << "Init only supports entering network namespaces";
+    }
+    if (!namespaces_to_enter_.empty()) {
+        return Error() << "Only one network namespace may be entered";
+    }
+    // Network namespaces require that /sys is remounted, otherwise the old adapters will still be
+    // present. Therefore, they also require mount namespaces.
+    namespace_flags_ |= CLONE_NEWNS;
+    namespaces_to_enter_.emplace_back(CLONE_NEWNET, args[2]);
+    return Success();
+}
+
 Result<Success> Service::ParseGroup(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     auto gid = DecodeUid(args[1]);
     if (!gid) {
@@ -682,6 +724,8 @@
         {"console",     {0,     1,    &Service::ParseConsole}},
         {"critical",    {0,     0,    &Service::ParseCritical}},
         {"disabled",    {0,     0,    &Service::ParseDisabled}},
+        {"enter_namespace",
+                        {2,     2,    &Service::ParseEnterNamespace}},
         {"group",       {1,     NR_SVC_SUPP_GIDS + 1, &Service::ParseGroup}},
         {"interface",   {2,     2,    &Service::ParseInterface}},
         {"ioprio",      {2,     2,    &Service::ParseIoprio}},
@@ -783,7 +827,7 @@
     if (!seclabel_.empty()) {
         scon = seclabel_;
     } else {
-        auto result = ComputeContextFromExecutable(name_, args_[0]);
+        auto result = ComputeContextFromExecutable(args_[0]);
         if (!result) {
             return result.error();
         }
@@ -802,10 +846,24 @@
     if (pid == 0) {
         umask(077);
 
+        if (auto result = EnterNamespaces(); !result) {
+            LOG(FATAL) << "Service '" << name_ << "' could not enter namespaces: " << result.error();
+        }
+
+        if (namespace_flags_ & CLONE_NEWNS) {
+            if (auto result = SetUpMountNamespace(); !result) {
+                LOG(FATAL) << "Service '" << name_
+                           << "' could not set up mount namespace: " << result.error();
+            }
+        }
+
         if (namespace_flags_ & CLONE_NEWPID) {
             // This will fork again to run an init process inside the PID
             // namespace.
-            SetUpPidNamespace(name_);
+            if (auto result = SetUpPidNamespace(); !result) {
+                LOG(FATAL) << "Service '" << name_
+                           << "' could not set up PID namespace: " << result.error();
+            }
         }
 
         for (const auto& [key, value] : environment_vars_) {
diff --git a/init/service.h b/init/service.h
index bcf1943..87c9ac8 100644
--- a/init/service.h
+++ b/init/service.h
@@ -124,6 +124,9 @@
     using OptionParser = Result<Success> (Service::*)(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
     class OptionParserMap;
 
+    Result<Success> SetUpMountNamespace() const;
+    Result<Success> SetUpPidNamespace() const;
+    Result<Success> EnterNamespaces() const;
     void NotifyStateChange(const std::string& new_state) const;
     void StopOrReset(int how);
     void ZapStdio() const;
@@ -136,6 +139,7 @@
     Result<Success> ParseConsole(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
     Result<Success> ParseCritical(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
     Result<Success> ParseDisabled(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseEnterNamespace(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
     Result<Success> ParseGroup(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
     Result<Success> ParsePriority(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
     Result<Success> ParseInterface(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
@@ -179,6 +183,8 @@
     std::vector<gid_t> supp_gids_;
     CapSet capabilities_;
     unsigned namespace_flags_;
+    // Pair of namespace type, path to namespace.
+    std::vector<std::pair<int, std::string>> namespaces_to_enter_;
 
     std::string seclabel_;
 
diff --git a/init/ueventd.cpp b/init/ueventd.cpp
index 1435d82..a284203 100644
--- a/init/ueventd.cpp
+++ b/init/ueventd.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <fstab/fstab.h>
 #include <selinux/android.h>
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
@@ -242,8 +243,9 @@
     std::string hardware = android::base::GetProperty("ro.hardware", "");
     parser.ParseConfig("/ueventd." + hardware + ".rc");
 
+    auto boot_devices = fs_mgr_get_boot_devices();
     return DeviceHandler(std::move(dev_permissions), std::move(sysfs_permissions),
-                         std::move(subsystems), true);
+                         std::move(subsystems), std::move(boot_devices), true);
 }
 
 int ueventd_main(int argc, char** argv) {
diff --git a/libcutils/fs_config.cpp b/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
index cd61d95..5b79b1d 100644
--- a/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
@@ -80,6 +80,7 @@
     { 00775, AID_ROOT,         AID_ROOT,         0, "data/preloads" },
     { 00771, AID_SYSTEM,       AID_SYSTEM,       0, "data" },
     { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_SYSTEM,       0, "mnt" },
+    { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "product/bin" },
     { 00750, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "sbin" },
     { 00777, AID_ROOT,         AID_ROOT,         0, "sdcard" },
     { 00751, AID_ROOT,         AID_SDCARD_R,     0, "storage" },
@@ -195,6 +196,7 @@
     { 00755, AID_ROOT,      AID_ROOT,      0, "bin/*" },
     { 00640, AID_ROOT,      AID_SHELL,     0, "fstab.*" },
     { 00750, AID_ROOT,      AID_SHELL,     0, "init*" },
+    { 00755, AID_ROOT,      AID_SHELL,     0, "product/bin/*" },
     { 00750, AID_ROOT,      AID_SHELL,     0, "sbin/*" },
     { 00755, AID_ROOT,      AID_SHELL,     0, "system/bin/*" },
     { 00755, AID_ROOT,      AID_ROOT,      0, "system/lib/valgrind/*" },
@@ -237,9 +239,10 @@
     return fd;
 }
 
-// if path is "vendor/<stuff>", "oem/<stuff>" or "odm/<stuff>"
+// if path is "odm/<stuff>", "oem/<stuff>", "product/<stuff>" or
+// "vendor/<stuff>"
 static bool is_partition(const char* path, size_t len) {
-    static const char* partitions[] = {"vendor/", "oem/", "odm/"};
+    static const char* partitions[] = {"odm/", "oem/", "product/", "vendor/"};
     for (size_t i = 0; i < (sizeof(partitions) / sizeof(partitions[0])); ++i) {
         size_t plen = strlen(partitions[i]);
         if (len <= plen) continue;
diff --git a/liblog/tests/log_read_test.cpp b/liblog/tests/log_read_test.cpp
index 444a5ac..443c3ea 100644
--- a/liblog/tests/log_read_test.cpp
+++ b/liblog/tests/log_read_test.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 // Test the APIs in this standalone include file
 #include <log/log_read.h>
 // Do not use anything in log/log_time.h despite side effects of the above.
+#include <private/android_logger.h>
 
 TEST(liblog, __android_log_write__android_logger_list_read) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
@@ -105,7 +106,10 @@
       // framework (b/68266385).
       EXPECT_LE(  // boolean 1 or 0 depending on expected content or empty
           !!((strcmp("crash", name) != 0) &&
-             ((strcmp("kernel", name) != 0) || __android_log_is_debuggable()) &&
+             ((strcmp("kernel", name) != 0) ||
+              __android_logger_property_get_bool(
+                  "ro.logd.kernel", BOOL_DEFAULT_TRUE | BOOL_DEFAULT_FLAG_ENG |
+                                        BOOL_DEFAULT_FLAG_SVELTE)) &&
              (strcmp("stats", name) != 0)),
           android_logger_get_log_readable_size(logger));
     } else {
diff --git a/libmetricslogger/OWNERS b/libmetricslogger/OWNERS
index 7fe0443..6a6fba2 100644
--- a/libmetricslogger/OWNERS
+++ b/libmetricslogger/OWNERS
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
+cwren@google.com
 jhawkins@google.com
diff --git a/libmetricslogger/include/metricslogger/metrics_logger.h b/libmetricslogger/include/metricslogger/metrics_logger.h
index 860d71d..c305db2 100644
--- a/libmetricslogger/include/metricslogger/metrics_logger.h
+++ b/libmetricslogger/include/metricslogger/metrics_logger.h
@@ -77,10 +77,44 @@
     ACTION_BOOT = 1098,
     FIELD_PLATFORM_REASON = 1099,
 
+    FIELD_DURATION_MILLIS = 1304,
+
+    FIELD_END_BATTERY_PERCENT = 1308,
+
     ACTION_HIDDEN_API_ACCESSED = 1391,
     FIELD_HIDDEN_API_ACCESS_METHOD = 1392,
     FIELD_HIDDEN_API_ACCESS_DENIED = 1393,
     FIELD_HIDDEN_API_SIGNATURE = 1394,
+
+    ACTION_USB_CONNECTOR_CONNECTED = 1422,
+    ACTION_USB_CONNECTOR_DISCONNECTED = 1423,
+    ACTION_USB_AUDIO_CONNECTED = 1424,
+    FIELD_USB_AUDIO_VIDPID = 1425,
+    ACTION_USB_AUDIO_DISCONNECTED = 1426,
+    ACTION_HARDWARE_FAILED = 1427,
+    FIELD_HARDWARE_TYPE = 1428,
+    FIELD_HARDWARE_FAILURE_CODE = 1429,
+    ACTION_PHYSICAL_DROP = 1430,
+    FIELD_CONFIDENCE_PERCENT = 1431,
+    FIELD_ACCEL_MILLI_G = 1432,
+    ACTION_BATTERY_HEALTH = 1433,
+    FIELD_BATTERY_HEALTH_SNAPSHOT_TYPE = 1434,
+    FIELD_BATTERY_TEMPERATURE_DECI_C = 1435,
+    FIELD_BATTERY_VOLTAGE_UV = 1436,
+    FIELD_BATTERY_OPEN_CIRCUIT_VOLTAGE_UV = 1437,
+    ACTION_BATTERY_CHARGE_CYCLES = 1438,
+    FIELD_BATTERY_CHARGE_CYCLES = 1439,
+
+    ACTION_SLOW_IO = 1442,
+    FIELD_IO_OPERATION_TYPE = 1443,
+    FIELD_IO_OPERATION_COUNT = 1444,
+    ACTION_SPEAKER_IMPEDANCE = 1445,
+    FIELD_SPEAKER_IMPEDANCE_MILLIOHMS = 1446,
+    FIELD_SPEAKER_LOCATION = 1447,
+    FIELD_BATTERY_RESISTANCE_UOHMS = 1448,
+    FIELD_BATTERY_CURRENT_UA = 1449,
+    FIELD_HARDWARE_LOCATION = 1450,
+    ACTION_BATTERY_CAUSED_SHUTDOWN = 1441,
 };
 
 enum {
@@ -94,5 +128,30 @@
     ACCESS_METHOD_LINKING = 3,
 };
 
+enum HardwareType {
+    HARDWARE_UNKNOWN = 0,
+    HARDWARE_MICROPHONE = 1,
+    HARDWARE_CODEC = 2,
+    HARDWARE_SPEAKER = 3,
+    HARDWARE_FINGERPRINT = 4,
+};
+
+enum HardwareFailureCode {
+    HARDWARE_FAILURE_UNKNOWN = 0,
+    HARDWARE_FAILURE_COMPLETE = 1,
+    HARDWARE_FAILURE_SPEAKER_HIGH_Z = 2,
+    HARDWARE_FAILURE_SPEAKER_SHORT = 3,
+    HARDWARE_FAILURE_FINGERPRINT_SENSOR_BROKEN = 4,
+    HARDWARE_FAILURE_FINGERPRINT_TOO_MANY_DEAD_PIXELS = 5,
+};
+
+enum IoOperation {
+    IOOP_UNKNOWN = 0,
+    IOOP_READ = 1,
+    IOOP_WRITE = 2,
+    IOOP_UNMAP = 3,
+    IOOP_SYNC = 4,
+};
+
 }  // namespace metricslogger
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp b/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
index 0ebb226..7fef106 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
+++ b/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
@@ -46,6 +46,8 @@
                                              "%s:%d: %s CHECK '" #predicate "' failed.",\
                                              __FILE__, __LINE__, __FUNCTION__)
 
+using namespace std::string_literals;
+
 namespace android {
 
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
@@ -236,10 +238,15 @@
       // Different name is useful for debugging
       namespace_name = kVendorClassloaderNamespaceName;
       ALOGD("classloader namespace configured for unbundled vendor apk. library_path=%s", library_path.c_str());
-    } else if (!oem_public_libraries_.empty()) {
-      // oem_public_libraries are NOT available to vendor apks, otherwise it
+    } else {
+      // oem and product public libraries are NOT available to vendor apks, otherwise it
       // would be system->vendor violation.
-      system_exposed_libraries = system_exposed_libraries + ":" + oem_public_libraries_.c_str();
+      if (!oem_public_libraries_.empty()) {
+        system_exposed_libraries = system_exposed_libraries + ':' + oem_public_libraries_;
+      }
+      if (!product_public_libraries_.empty()) {
+        system_exposed_libraries = system_exposed_libraries + ':' + product_public_libraries_;
+      }
     }
 
     NativeLoaderNamespace native_loader_ns;
@@ -351,6 +358,8 @@
     std::string vndksp_native_libraries_system_config =
             root_dir + kVndkspNativeLibrariesSystemConfigPathFromRoot;
 
+    std::string product_public_native_libraries_dir = "/product/etc";
+
     std::string error_msg;
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
         !ReadConfig(public_native_libraries_system_config, &sonames, always_true, &error_msg),
@@ -373,7 +382,7 @@
     //
     // TODO(dimitry): this is a bit misleading since we do not know
     // if the vendor public library is going to be opened from /vendor/lib
-    // we might as well end up loading them from /system/lib
+    // we might as well end up loading them from /system/lib or /product/lib
     // For now we rely on CTS test to catch things like this but
     // it should probably be addressed in the future.
     for (const auto& soname : sonames) {
@@ -387,48 +396,15 @@
     // system libs that are exposed to apps. The libs in the txt files must be
     // named as lib<name>.<companyname>.so.
     sonames.clear();
-    std::string dirname = base::Dirname(public_native_libraries_system_config);
-    std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> dir(opendir(dirname.c_str()), closedir);
-    if (dir != nullptr) {
-      // Failing to opening the dir is not an error, which can happen in
-      // webview_zygote.
-      struct dirent* ent;
-      while ((ent = readdir(dir.get())) != nullptr) {
-        if (ent->d_type != DT_REG && ent->d_type != DT_LNK) {
-          continue;
-        }
-        const std::string filename(ent->d_name);
-        if (android::base::StartsWith(filename, kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigPrefix) &&
-            android::base::EndsWith(filename, kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigSuffix)) {
-          const size_t start = kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigPrefixLen;
-          const size_t end = filename.size() - kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigSuffixLen;
-          const std::string company_name = filename.substr(start, end - start);
-          const std::string config_file_path = dirname + "/" + filename;
-          LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
-              company_name.empty(),
-              "Error extracting company name from public native library list file path \"%s\"",
-              config_file_path.c_str());
-          LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
-              !ReadConfig(
-                  config_file_path, &sonames,
-                  [&company_name](const std::string& soname, std::string* error_msg) {
-                    if (android::base::StartsWith(soname, "lib") &&
-                        android::base::EndsWith(soname, "." + company_name + ".so")) {
-                      return true;
-                    } else {
-                      *error_msg = "Library name \"" + soname +
-                                   "\" does not end with the company name: " + company_name + ".";
-                      return false;
-                    }
-                  },
-                  &error_msg),
-              "Error reading public native library list from \"%s\": %s", config_file_path.c_str(),
-              error_msg.c_str());
-        }
-      }
-    }
+    ReadExtensionLibraries(base::Dirname(public_native_libraries_system_config).c_str(), &sonames);
     oem_public_libraries_ = base::Join(sonames, ':');
 
+    // read /product/etc/public.libraries-<companyname>.txt which contain partner defined
+    // product libs that are exposed to apps.
+    sonames.clear();
+    ReadExtensionLibraries(product_public_native_libraries_dir.c_str(), &sonames);
+    product_public_libraries_ = base::Join(sonames, ':');
+
     // Insert VNDK version to llndk and vndksp config file names.
     insert_vndk_version_str(&llndk_native_libraries_system_config);
     insert_vndk_version_str(&vndksp_native_libraries_system_config);
@@ -448,11 +424,54 @@
     vendor_public_libraries_ = base::Join(sonames, ':');
   }
 
-  void Reset() {
-    namespaces_.clear();
-  }
+  void Reset() { namespaces_.clear(); }
 
  private:
+  void ReadExtensionLibraries(const char* dirname, std::vector<std::string>* sonames) {
+    std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> dir(opendir(dirname), closedir);
+    if (dir != nullptr) {
+      // Failing to opening the dir is not an error, which can happen in
+      // webview_zygote.
+      while (struct dirent* ent = readdir(dir.get())) {
+        if (ent->d_type != DT_REG && ent->d_type != DT_LNK) {
+          continue;
+        }
+        const std::string filename(ent->d_name);
+        if (android::base::StartsWith(filename, kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigPrefix) &&
+            android::base::EndsWith(filename, kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigSuffix)) {
+          const size_t start = kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigPrefixLen;
+          const size_t end = filename.size() - kPublicNativeLibrariesExtensionConfigSuffixLen;
+          const std::string company_name = filename.substr(start, end - start);
+          const std::string config_file_path = dirname + "/"s + filename;
+          LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
+              company_name.empty(),
+              "Error extracting company name from public native library list file path \"%s\"",
+              config_file_path.c_str());
+
+          std::string error_msg;
+
+          LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
+              !ReadConfig(
+                  config_file_path, sonames,
+                  [&company_name](const std::string& soname, std::string* error_msg) {
+                    if (android::base::StartsWith(soname, "lib") &&
+                        android::base::EndsWith(soname, "." + company_name + ".so")) {
+                      return true;
+                    } else {
+                      *error_msg = "Library name \"" + soname +
+                                   "\" does not end with the company name: " + company_name + ".";
+                      return false;
+                    }
+                  },
+                  &error_msg),
+              "Error reading public native library list from \"%s\": %s", config_file_path.c_str(),
+              error_msg.c_str());
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
   bool ReadConfig(const std::string& configFile, std::vector<std::string>* sonames,
                   const std::function<bool(const std::string& /* soname */,
                                            std::string* /* error_msg */)>& check_soname,
@@ -559,6 +578,7 @@
   std::string system_public_libraries_;
   std::string vendor_public_libraries_;
   std::string oem_public_libraries_;
+  std::string product_public_libraries_;
   std::string system_llndk_libraries_;
   std::string system_vndksp_libraries_;
 
diff --git a/libnativeloader/test/Android.bp b/libnativeloader/test/Android.bp
index 5cf88b0..d528f30 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/test/Android.bp
+++ b/libnativeloader/test/Android.bp
@@ -49,3 +49,23 @@
         "libbase",
     ],
 }
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libfoo.product1",
+    srcs: ["test.cpp"],
+    cflags: ["-DLIBNAME=\"libfoo.product1.so\""],
+    product_specific: true,
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libbar.product1",
+    srcs: ["test.cpp"],
+    cflags: ["-DLIBNAME=\"libbar.product1.so\""],
+    product_specific: true,
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libnativeloader/test/Android.mk b/libnativeloader/test/Android.mk
index e625454..65e7b09 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/test/Android.mk
+++ b/libnativeloader/test/Android.mk
@@ -30,6 +30,13 @@
 include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+LOCAL_MODULE := public.libraries-product1.txt
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= $(LOCAL_MODULE)
+LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
+LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_PRODUCT_ETC)
+include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
+
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := oemlibrarytest-system
 LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
 LOCAL_MANIFEST_FILE := system/AndroidManifest.xml
diff --git a/libnativeloader/test/public.libraries-product1.txt b/libnativeloader/test/public.libraries-product1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..358154c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libnativeloader/test/public.libraries-product1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+libfoo.product1.so
+libbar.product1.so
diff --git a/libnativeloader/test/src/android/test/app/TestActivity.java b/libnativeloader/test/src/android/test/app/TestActivity.java
index 214892d..a7a455d 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/test/src/android/test/app/TestActivity.java
+++ b/libnativeloader/test/src/android/test/app/TestActivity.java
@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@
          tryLoadingLib("bar.oem1");
          tryLoadingLib("foo.oem2");
          tryLoadingLib("bar.oem2");
+         tryLoadingLib("foo.product1");
+         tryLoadingLib("bar.product1");
     }
 
     private void tryLoadingLib(String name) {
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp b/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
index 6dfa697..58295fa 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
+++ b/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
@@ -39,12 +39,18 @@
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#endif
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
 #include <processgroup/processgroup.h>
 
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+using android::base::GetBoolProperty;
+#endif
 using android::base::StartsWith;
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 using android::base::WriteStringToFile;
@@ -62,12 +68,25 @@
 static const std::string& GetCgroupRootPath() {
     static std::string cgroup_root_path;
     std::call_once(init_path_flag, [&]() {
-            // Check if mem cgroup is mounted, only then check for write-access to avoid
-            // SELinux denials
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+        // low-ram devices use per-app memcg by default, unlike high-end ones
+        bool low_ram_device = GetBoolProperty("ro.config.low_ram", false);
+        bool per_app_memcg =
+            GetBoolProperty("ro.config.per_app_memcg", low_ram_device);
+#else
+        // host does not support Android properties
+        bool per_app_memcg = false;
+#endif
+        if (per_app_memcg) {
+            // Check if mem cgroup is mounted, only then check for
+            // write-access to avoid SELinux denials
             cgroup_root_path =
-                (access(MEM_CGROUP_TASKS, F_OK) || access(MEM_CGROUP_PATH, W_OK) ? ACCT_CGROUP_PATH
-                                                                                 : MEM_CGROUP_PATH);
-            });
+                (access(MEM_CGROUP_TASKS, F_OK) || access(MEM_CGROUP_PATH, W_OK) ?
+                ACCT_CGROUP_PATH : MEM_CGROUP_PATH);
+        } else {
+            cgroup_root_path = ACCT_CGROUP_PATH;
+        }
+    });
     return cgroup_root_path;
 }
 
diff --git a/libsystem/include/system/camera.h b/libsystem/include/system/camera.h
index 5d0873a..7d79673 100644
--- a/libsystem/include/system/camera.h
+++ b/libsystem/include/system/camera.h
@@ -203,6 +203,15 @@
      * (except disconnect and sending CAMERA_CMD_PING) after getting this.
      */
     CAMERA_ERROR_RELEASED = 2,
+
+    /**
+     * Camera was released because device policy change or the client application
+     * is going to background. The client should call Camera::disconnect
+     * immediately after getting this notification. Otherwise, the camera will be
+     * released by camera service in a short time. The client should not call any
+     * method (except disconnect and sending CAMERA_CMD_PING) after getting this.
+     */
+    CAMERA_ERROR_DISABLED = 3,
     CAMERA_ERROR_SERVER_DIED = 100
 };
 
diff --git a/libsysutils/src/NetlinkEvent.cpp b/libsysutils/src/NetlinkEvent.cpp
index 35a3063..f0c66ec 100644
--- a/libsysutils/src/NetlinkEvent.cpp
+++ b/libsysutils/src/NetlinkEvent.cpp
@@ -239,12 +239,13 @@
     asprintf(&mParams[1], "INTERFACE=%s", ifname);
     asprintf(&mParams[2], "FLAGS=%u", ifaddr->ifa_flags);
     asprintf(&mParams[3], "SCOPE=%u", ifaddr->ifa_scope);
+    asprintf(&mParams[4], "IFINDEX=%u", ifaddr->ifa_index);
 
     if (cacheinfo) {
-        asprintf(&mParams[4], "PREFERRED=%u", cacheinfo->ifa_prefered);
-        asprintf(&mParams[5], "VALID=%u", cacheinfo->ifa_valid);
-        asprintf(&mParams[6], "CSTAMP=%u", cacheinfo->cstamp);
-        asprintf(&mParams[7], "TSTAMP=%u", cacheinfo->tstamp);
+        asprintf(&mParams[5], "PREFERRED=%u", cacheinfo->ifa_prefered);
+        asprintf(&mParams[6], "VALID=%u", cacheinfo->ifa_valid);
+        asprintf(&mParams[7], "CSTAMP=%u", cacheinfo->cstamp);
+        asprintf(&mParams[8], "TSTAMP=%u", cacheinfo->tstamp);
     }
 
     return true;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Android.bp b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
index 7b8111c..adbacdb 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Android.bp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
@@ -261,6 +261,7 @@
         "tests/files/offline/jit_debug_arm/*",
         "tests/files/offline/jit_debug_x86/*",
         "tests/files/offline/gnu_debugdata_arm/*",
+        "tests/files/offline/offset_arm/*",
         "tests/files/offline/straddle_arm/*",
         "tests/files/offline/straddle_arm64/*",
     ],
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp b/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp
index 02f8a9a..3762107 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp
@@ -160,14 +160,14 @@
 }
 
 // The relative pc is always relative to the start of the map from which it comes.
-bool Elf::Step(uint64_t rel_pc, uint64_t adjusted_rel_pc, uint64_t elf_offset, Regs* regs,
-               Memory* process_memory, bool* finished) {
+bool Elf::Step(uint64_t rel_pc, uint64_t adjusted_rel_pc, Regs* regs, Memory* process_memory,
+               bool* finished) {
   if (!valid_) {
     return false;
   }
 
   // The relative pc expectd by StepIfSignalHandler is relative to the start of the elf.
-  if (regs->StepIfSignalHandler(rel_pc + elf_offset, this, process_memory)) {
+  if (regs->StepIfSignalHandler(rel_pc, this, process_memory)) {
     *finished = false;
     return true;
   }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Unwinder.cpp b/libunwindstack/Unwinder.cpp
index 94edb1c..98ab30f 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Unwinder.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Unwinder.cpp
@@ -210,8 +210,7 @@
           in_device_map = true;
         } else {
           bool finished;
-          stepped = elf->Step(rel_pc, step_pc, map_info->elf_offset, regs_, process_memory_.get(),
-                              &finished);
+          stepped = elf->Step(rel_pc, step_pc, regs_, process_memory_.get(), &finished);
           elf->GetLastError(&last_error_);
           if (stepped && finished) {
             break;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h
index 385973e..f4cdbda 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@
 
   uint64_t GetRelPc(uint64_t pc, const MapInfo* map_info);
 
-  bool Step(uint64_t rel_pc, uint64_t adjusted_rel_pc, uint64_t elf_offset, Regs* regs,
-            Memory* process_memory, bool* finished);
+  bool Step(uint64_t rel_pc, uint64_t adjusted_rel_pc, Regs* regs, Memory* process_memory,
+            bool* finished);
 
   ElfInterface* CreateInterfaceFromMemory(Memory* memory);
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp
index f9028c4..aecbf6d 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@
   ASSERT_FALSE(elf.GetFunctionName(0, &name, &func_offset));
 
   bool finished;
-  ASSERT_FALSE(elf.Step(0, 0, 0, nullptr, nullptr, &finished));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf.Step(0, 0, nullptr, nullptr, &finished));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ElfTest, elf32_invalid_machine) {
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@
   elf.FakeSetValid(true);
   elf.FakeSetLoadBias(0);
   bool finished;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Step(0x1000, 0x1000, 0x2000, &regs, &process_memory, &finished));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Step(0x3000, 0x1000, &regs, &process_memory, &finished));
   EXPECT_FALSE(finished);
   EXPECT_EQ(15U, regs.pc());
   EXPECT_EQ(13U, regs.sp());
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@
   EXPECT_CALL(*interface, Step(0x1000, 0, &regs, &process_memory, &finished))
       .WillOnce(::testing::Return(true));
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Step(0x1004, 0x1000, 0x2000, &regs, &process_memory, &finished));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Step(0x1004, 0x1000, &regs, &process_memory, &finished));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ElfTest, step_in_interface_non_zero_load_bias) {
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@
   EXPECT_CALL(*interface, Step(0x7300, 0x4000, &regs, &process_memory, &finished))
       .WillOnce(::testing::Return(true));
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Step(0x7304, 0x7300, 0x2000, &regs, &process_memory, &finished));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Step(0x7304, 0x7300, &regs, &process_memory, &finished));
 }
 
 TEST_F(ElfTest, get_global_invalid_elf) {
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindOfflineTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindOfflineTest.cpp
index 8cb640f..a187dc3 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindOfflineTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindOfflineTest.cpp
@@ -45,6 +45,12 @@
 
 namespace unwindstack {
 
+static void AddMemory(std::string file_name, MemoryOfflineParts* parts) {
+  MemoryOffline* memory = new MemoryOffline;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Init(file_name.c_str(), 0));
+  parts->Add(memory);
+}
+
 class UnwindOfflineTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
   void TearDown() override {
@@ -63,9 +69,24 @@
     maps_.reset(new BufferMaps(data.c_str()));
     ASSERT_TRUE(maps_->Parse());
 
-    std::unique_ptr<MemoryOffline> stack_memory(new MemoryOffline);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(stack_memory->Init((dir_ + "stack.data").c_str(), 0));
-    process_memory_.reset(stack_memory.release());
+    std::string stack_name(dir_ + "stack.data");
+    struct stat st;
+    if (stat(stack_name.c_str(), &st) == 0 && S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
+      std::unique_ptr<MemoryOffline> stack_memory(new MemoryOffline);
+      ASSERT_TRUE(stack_memory->Init((dir_ + "stack.data").c_str(), 0));
+      process_memory_.reset(stack_memory.release());
+    } else {
+      std::unique_ptr<MemoryOfflineParts> stack_memory(new MemoryOfflineParts);
+      for (size_t i = 0;; i++) {
+        stack_name = dir_ + "stack" + std::to_string(i) + ".data";
+        if (stat(stack_name.c_str(), &st) == -1 || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
+          ASSERT_TRUE(i != 0) << "No stack data files found.";
+          break;
+        }
+        AddMemory(stack_name, stack_memory.get());
+      }
+      process_memory_.reset(stack_memory.release());
+    }
 
     switch (arch) {
       case ARCH_ARM: {
@@ -179,7 +200,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(UnwindOfflineTest, pc_straddle_arm) {
-  Init("straddle_arm/", ARCH_ARM);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Init("straddle_arm/", ARCH_ARM));
 
   Unwinder unwinder(128, maps_.get(), regs_.get(), process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
@@ -203,7 +224,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(UnwindOfflineTest, pc_in_gnu_debugdata_arm) {
-  Init("gnu_debugdata_arm/", ARCH_ARM);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Init("gnu_debugdata_arm/", ARCH_ARM));
 
   Unwinder unwinder(128, maps_.get(), regs_.get(), process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
@@ -223,7 +244,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(UnwindOfflineTest, pc_straddle_arm64) {
-  Init("straddle_arm64/", ARCH_ARM64);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Init("straddle_arm64/", ARCH_ARM64));
 
   Unwinder unwinder(128, maps_.get(), regs_.get(), process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
@@ -254,14 +275,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(0x7fe0d84110U, unwinder.frames()[5].sp);
 }
 
-static void AddMemory(std::string file_name, MemoryOfflineParts* parts) {
-  MemoryOffline* memory = new MemoryOffline;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->Init(file_name.c_str(), 0));
-  parts->Add(memory);
-}
-
 TEST_F(UnwindOfflineTest, jit_debug_x86) {
-  Init("jit_debug_x86/", ARCH_X86);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Init("jit_debug_x86/", ARCH_X86));
 
   MemoryOfflineParts* memory = new MemoryOfflineParts;
   AddMemory(dir_ + "descriptor.data", memory);
@@ -554,7 +569,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(UnwindOfflineTest, jit_debug_arm) {
-  Init("jit_debug_arm/", ARCH_ARM);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Init("jit_debug_arm/", ARCH_ARM));
 
   MemoryOfflineParts* memory = new MemoryOfflineParts;
   AddMemory(dir_ + "descriptor.data", memory);
@@ -872,7 +887,7 @@
 // fallback to iterating over the cies/fdes and ignore the eh_frame_hdr.
 // No .gnu_debugdata section in the elf file, so no symbols.
 TEST_F(UnwindOfflineTest, bad_eh_frame_hdr_arm64) {
-  Init("bad_eh_frame_hdr_arm64/", ARCH_ARM64);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Init("bad_eh_frame_hdr_arm64/", ARCH_ARM64));
 
   Unwinder unwinder(128, maps_.get(), regs_.get(), process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
@@ -901,7 +916,7 @@
 // The elf has bad eh_frame unwind information for the pcs. If eh_frame
 // is used first, the unwind will not match the expected output.
 TEST_F(UnwindOfflineTest, debug_frame_first_x86) {
-  Init("debug_frame_first_x86/", ARCH_X86);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Init("debug_frame_first_x86/", ARCH_X86));
 
   Unwinder unwinder(128, maps_.get(), regs_.get(), process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
@@ -929,7 +944,7 @@
 
 // Make sure that a pc that is at the beginning of an fde unwinds correctly.
 TEST_F(UnwindOfflineTest, eh_frame_hdr_begin_x86_64) {
-  Init("eh_frame_hdr_begin_x86_64/", ARCH_X86_64);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Init("eh_frame_hdr_begin_x86_64/", ARCH_X86_64));
 
   Unwinder unwinder(128, maps_.get(), regs_.get(), process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
@@ -956,7 +971,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(UnwindOfflineTest, art_quick_osr_stub_arm) {
-  Init("art_quick_osr_stub_arm/", ARCH_ARM);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Init("art_quick_osr_stub_arm/", ARCH_ARM));
 
   MemoryOfflineParts* memory = new MemoryOfflineParts;
   AddMemory(dir_ + "descriptor.data", memory);
@@ -1070,4 +1085,78 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(0xcd4ff960U, unwinder.frames()[24].sp);
 }
 
+TEST_F(UnwindOfflineTest, offset_arm) {
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Init("offset_arm/", ARCH_ARM));
+
+  Unwinder unwinder(128, maps_.get(), regs_.get(), process_memory_);
+  unwinder.Unwind();
+
+  std::string frame_info(DumpFrames(unwinder));
+  ASSERT_EQ(19U, unwinder.NumFrames()) << "Unwind:\n" << frame_info;
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "  #00 pc 0032bfa0 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (SignalInnerFunction+40)\n"
+      "  #01 pc 0032bfeb (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (SignalMiddleFunction+2)\n"
+      "  #02 pc 0032bff3 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (SignalOuterFunction+2)\n"
+      "  #03 pc 0032fed3 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test "
+      "(_ZN11unwindstackL19SignalCallerHandlerEiP7siginfoPv+26)\n"
+      "  #04 pc 00026528 (offset 0x25000)  libc.so\n"
+      "  #05 pc 00000000  <unknown>\n"
+      "  #06 pc 0032c2d9 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (InnerFunction+736)\n"
+      "  #07 pc 0032cc4f (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (MiddleFunction+42)\n"
+      "  #08 pc 0032cc81 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (OuterFunction+42)\n"
+      "  #09 pc 0032e547 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test "
+      "(_ZN11unwindstackL19RemoteThroughSignalEij+270)\n"
+      "  #10 pc 0032ed99 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test "
+      "(_ZN11unwindstack55UnwindTest_remote_through_signal_with_invalid_func_Test8TestBodyEv+16)\n"
+      "  #11 pc 00354453 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (_ZN7testing4Test3RunEv+154)\n"
+      "  #12 pc 00354de7 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (_ZN7testing8TestInfo3RunEv+194)\n"
+      "  #13 pc 00355105 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (_ZN7testing8TestCase3RunEv+180)\n"
+      "  #14 pc 0035a215 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test "
+      "(_ZN7testing8internal12UnitTestImpl11RunAllTestsEv+664)\n"
+      "  #15 pc 00359f4f (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (_ZN7testing8UnitTest3RunEv+110)\n"
+      "  #16 pc 0034d3db (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (main+38)\n"
+      "  #17 pc 00092c0d (offset 0x25000)  libc.so (__libc_init+48)\n"
+      "  #18 pc 0004202f (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (_start_main+38)\n",
+      frame_info);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2e55fa0U, unwinder.frames()[0].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xf43d2cccU, unwinder.frames()[0].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2e55febU, unwinder.frames()[1].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xf43d2ce0U, unwinder.frames()[1].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2e55ff3U, unwinder.frames()[2].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xf43d2ce8U, unwinder.frames()[2].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2e59ed3U, unwinder.frames()[3].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xf43d2cf0U, unwinder.frames()[3].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xf4136528U, unwinder.frames()[4].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xf43d2d10U, unwinder.frames()[4].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, unwinder.frames()[5].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffcc0ee0U, unwinder.frames()[5].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2e562d9U, unwinder.frames()[6].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffcc0ee0U, unwinder.frames()[6].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2e56c4fU, unwinder.frames()[7].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffcc1060U, unwinder.frames()[7].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2e56c81U, unwinder.frames()[8].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffcc1078U, unwinder.frames()[8].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2e58547U, unwinder.frames()[9].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffcc1090U, unwinder.frames()[9].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2e58d99U, unwinder.frames()[10].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffcc1438U, unwinder.frames()[10].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2e7e453U, unwinder.frames()[11].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffcc1448U, unwinder.frames()[11].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2e7ede7U, unwinder.frames()[12].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffcc1458U, unwinder.frames()[12].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2e7f105U, unwinder.frames()[13].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffcc1490U, unwinder.frames()[13].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2e84215U, unwinder.frames()[14].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffcc14c0U, unwinder.frames()[14].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2e83f4fU, unwinder.frames()[15].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffcc1510U, unwinder.frames()[15].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2e773dbU, unwinder.frames()[16].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffcc1528U, unwinder.frames()[16].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xf41a2c0dU, unwinder.frames()[17].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffcc1540U, unwinder.frames()[17].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2b6c02fU, unwinder.frames()[18].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffcc1558U, unwinder.frames()[18].sp);
+}
+
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/libc.so b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/libc.so
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f5c8ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/libc.so
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/libunwindstack_test b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/libunwindstack_test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a30bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/libunwindstack_test
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/maps.txt b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/maps.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6224464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/maps.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+2b6c000-2e92000 r-xp 42000 00:00 0   libunwindstack_test
+f4135000-f41a9000 r-xp 25000 00:00 0   libc.so
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/regs.txt b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/regs.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f4ac8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/regs.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+r0: 5
+r1: 5
+r2: 4
+r3: 1
+r4: 73804b6b
+r5: f3c9c000
+r6: 2ea09ac
+r7: 10624dd3
+r8: f41b5d8c
+r9: f3c9c000
+r10: 6f17
+r11: f3c94048
+ip: 2ea0807
+sp: f43d2ccc
+lr: 2e55fef
+pc: 2e55fa0
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/stack0.data b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/stack0.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23a9874
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/stack0.data
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/stack1.data b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/stack1.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49bdd1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/stack1.data
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_for_offline.cpp b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_for_offline.cpp
index 74868d4..589731d 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_for_offline.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_for_offline.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
@@ -78,30 +79,44 @@
   return true;
 }
 
-bool SaveStack(pid_t pid, uint64_t sp_start, uint64_t sp_end) {
-  std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)> fp(fopen("stack.data", "w+"), &fclose);
-  if (fp == nullptr) {
-    printf("Failed to create stack.data.\n");
-    return false;
-  }
+bool SaveStack(pid_t pid, const std::vector<std::pair<uint64_t, uint64_t>>& stacks) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < stacks.size(); i++) {
+    std::string file_name;
+    if (stacks.size() != 1) {
+      file_name = "stack" + std::to_string(i) + ".data";
+    } else {
+      file_name = "stack.data";
+    }
 
-  size_t bytes = fwrite(&sp_start, 1, sizeof(sp_start), fp.get());
-  if (bytes != sizeof(sp_start)) {
-    perror("Failed to write all data.");
-    return false;
-  }
+    // Do this first, so if it fails, we don't create the file.
+    uint64_t sp_start = stacks[i].first;
+    uint64_t sp_end = stacks[i].second;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(sp_end - sp_start);
+    auto process_memory = unwindstack::Memory::CreateProcessMemory(pid);
+    if (!process_memory->Read(sp_start, buffer.data(), buffer.size())) {
+      printf("Unable to read stack data.\n");
+      return false;
+    }
 
-  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(sp_end - sp_start);
-  auto process_memory = unwindstack::Memory::CreateProcessMemory(pid);
-  if (!process_memory->Read(sp_start, buffer.data(), buffer.size())) {
-    printf("Unable to read stack data.\n");
-    return false;
-  }
+    printf("Saving the stack 0x%" PRIx64 "-0x%" PRIx64 "\n", sp_start, sp_end);
 
-  bytes = fwrite(buffer.data(), 1, buffer.size(), fp.get());
-  if (bytes != buffer.size()) {
-    printf("Failed to write all stack data: stack size %zu, written %zu\n", buffer.size(), bytes);
-    return 1;
+    std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)> fp(fopen(file_name.c_str(), "w+"), &fclose);
+    if (fp == nullptr) {
+      printf("Failed to create stack.data.\n");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    size_t bytes = fwrite(&sp_start, 1, sizeof(sp_start), fp.get());
+    if (bytes != sizeof(sp_start)) {
+      perror("Failed to write all data.");
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    bytes = fwrite(buffer.data(), 1, buffer.size(), fp.get());
+    if (bytes != buffer.size()) {
+      printf("Failed to write all stack data: stack size %zu, written %zu\n", buffer.size(), bytes);
+      return false;
+    }
   }
 
   return true;
@@ -110,17 +125,11 @@
 bool CreateElfFromMemory(std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>& memory, map_info_t* info) {
   std::string cur_name;
   if (info->name.empty()) {
-    cur_name = android::base::StringPrintf("anonymous:%" PRIx64, info->start);
+    cur_name = android::base::StringPrintf("anonymous_%" PRIx64, info->start);
   } else {
-    cur_name = basename(info->name.c_str());
-    cur_name = android::base::StringPrintf("%s:%" PRIx64, basename(info->name.c_str()), info->start);
+    cur_name = android::base::StringPrintf("%s_%" PRIx64, basename(info->name.c_str()), info->start);
   }
 
-  std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)> output(fopen(cur_name.c_str(), "w+"), &fclose);
-  if (output == nullptr) {
-    printf("Cannot create %s\n", cur_name.c_str());
-    return false;
-  }
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(info->end - info->start);
   // If this is a mapped in file, it might not be possible to read the entire
   // map, so read all that is readable.
@@ -129,6 +138,13 @@
     printf("Cannot read data from address %" PRIx64 " length %zu\n", info->start, buffer.size());
     return false;
   }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)> output(fopen(cur_name.c_str(), "w+"), &fclose);
+  if (output == nullptr) {
+    printf("Cannot create %s\n", cur_name.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+
   size_t bytes_written = fwrite(buffer.data(), 1, bytes, output.get());
   if (bytes_written != bytes) {
     printf("Failed to write all data to file: bytes read %zu, written %zu\n", bytes, bytes_written);
@@ -198,9 +214,21 @@
   unwinder.Unwind();
 
   std::unordered_map<uint64_t, map_info_t> maps_by_start;
-  uint64_t last_sp;
+  std::vector<std::pair<uint64_t, uint64_t>> stacks;
+  uint64_t sp_map_start = 0;
+  unwindstack::MapInfo* map_info = maps.Find(sp);
+  if (map_info != nullptr) {
+    stacks.emplace_back(std::make_pair(sp, map_info->end));
+    sp_map_start = map_info->start;
+  }
+
   for (auto frame : unwinder.frames()) {
-    last_sp = frame.sp;
+    map_info = maps.Find(frame.sp);
+    if (map_info != nullptr && sp_map_start != map_info->start) {
+      stacks.emplace_back(std::make_pair(frame.sp, map_info->end));
+      sp_map_start = map_info->start;
+    }
+
     if (maps_by_start.count(frame.map_start) == 0) {
       auto info = &maps_by_start[frame.map_start];
       info->start = frame.map_start;
@@ -211,7 +239,12 @@
         // Try to create the elf from memory, this will handle cases where
         // the data only exists in memory such as vdso data on x86.
         if (!CreateElfFromMemory(process_memory, info)) {
-          return 1;
+          printf("Ignoring map ");
+          if (!info->name.empty()) {
+            printf("%s\n", info->name.c_str());
+          } else {
+            printf("anonymous:%" PRIx64 "\n", info->start);
+          }
         }
       }
     }
@@ -221,7 +254,7 @@
     printf("%s\n", unwinder.FormatFrame(i).c_str());
   }
 
-  if (!SaveStack(pid, sp, last_sp)) {
+  if (!SaveStack(pid, stacks)) {
     return 1;
   }
 
diff --git a/lmkd/lmkd.c b/lmkd/lmkd.c
index 76344b9..cc5a7c2 100644
--- a/lmkd/lmkd.c
+++ b/lmkd/lmkd.c
@@ -459,39 +459,41 @@
     if (use_inkernel_interface)
         return;
 
-    if (params.oomadj >= 900) {
-        soft_limit_mult = 0;
-    } else if (params.oomadj >= 800) {
-        soft_limit_mult = 0;
-    } else if (params.oomadj >= 700) {
-        soft_limit_mult = 0;
-    } else if (params.oomadj >= 600) {
-        // Launcher should be perceptible, don't kill it.
-        params.oomadj = 200;
-        soft_limit_mult = 1;
-    } else if (params.oomadj >= 500) {
-        soft_limit_mult = 0;
-    } else if (params.oomadj >= 400) {
-        soft_limit_mult = 0;
-    } else if (params.oomadj >= 300) {
-        soft_limit_mult = 1;
-    } else if (params.oomadj >= 200) {
-        soft_limit_mult = 2;
-    } else if (params.oomadj >= 100) {
-        soft_limit_mult = 10;
-    } else if (params.oomadj >=   0) {
-        soft_limit_mult = 20;
-    } else {
-        // Persistent processes will have a large
-        // soft limit 512MB.
-        soft_limit_mult = 64;
-    }
+    if (low_ram_device) {
+        if (params.oomadj >= 900) {
+            soft_limit_mult = 0;
+        } else if (params.oomadj >= 800) {
+            soft_limit_mult = 0;
+        } else if (params.oomadj >= 700) {
+            soft_limit_mult = 0;
+        } else if (params.oomadj >= 600) {
+            // Launcher should be perceptible, don't kill it.
+            params.oomadj = 200;
+            soft_limit_mult = 1;
+        } else if (params.oomadj >= 500) {
+            soft_limit_mult = 0;
+        } else if (params.oomadj >= 400) {
+            soft_limit_mult = 0;
+        } else if (params.oomadj >= 300) {
+            soft_limit_mult = 1;
+        } else if (params.oomadj >= 200) {
+            soft_limit_mult = 2;
+        } else if (params.oomadj >= 100) {
+            soft_limit_mult = 10;
+        } else if (params.oomadj >=   0) {
+            soft_limit_mult = 20;
+        } else {
+            // Persistent processes will have a large
+            // soft limit 512MB.
+            soft_limit_mult = 64;
+        }
 
-    snprintf(path, sizeof(path),
+        snprintf(path, sizeof(path),
              "/dev/memcg/apps/uid_%d/pid_%d/memory.soft_limit_in_bytes",
              params.uid, params.pid);
-    snprintf(val, sizeof(val), "%d", soft_limit_mult * EIGHT_MEGA);
-    writefilestring(path, val);
+        snprintf(val, sizeof(val), "%d", soft_limit_mult * EIGHT_MEGA);
+        writefilestring(path, val);
+    }
 
     procp = pid_lookup(params.pid);
     if (!procp) {
@@ -1214,8 +1216,15 @@
             }
         }
 
-        if (min_score_adj == OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX + 1)
+        if (min_score_adj == OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX + 1) {
+            if (debug_process_killing) {
+                ALOGI("Ignore %s memory pressure event "
+                      "(free memory=%ldkB, cache=%ldkB, limit=%ldkB)",
+                      level_name[level], other_free * page_k, other_file * page_k,
+                      (long)lowmem_minfree[lowmem_targets_size - 1] * page_k);
+            }
             return;
+        }
 
         /* Free up enough pages to push over the highest minfree level */
         pages_to_free = lowmem_minfree[lowmem_targets_size - 1] -
diff --git a/mkbootimg/include/bootimg/bootimg.h b/mkbootimg/include/bootimg/bootimg.h
index 4311b46..0188d0e 100644
--- a/mkbootimg/include/bootimg/bootimg.h
+++ b/mkbootimg/include/bootimg/bootimg.h
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
 
 struct boot_img_hdr_v1 : public boot_img_hdr_v0 {
     uint32_t recovery_dtbo_size;   /* size in bytes for recovery DTBO image */
-    uint64_t recovery_dtbo_offset; /* physical load addr */
+    uint64_t recovery_dtbo_offset; /* offset to recovery dtbo in boot image */
     uint32_t header_size;
 } __attribute__((packed));
 
@@ -134,12 +134,15 @@
  * 1. kernel and ramdisk are required (size != 0)
  * 2. recovery_dtbo is required for recovery.img in non-A/B devices(recovery_dtbo_size != 0)
  * 3. second is optional (second_size == 0 -> no second)
- * 4. load each element (kernel, ramdisk, second, recovery_dtbo) at
+ * 4. load each element (kernel, ramdisk, second) at
  *    the specified physical address (kernel_addr, etc)
- * 5. prepare tags at tag_addr.  kernel_args[] is
+ * 5. If booting to recovery mode in a non-A/B device, extract recovery dtbo and
+ *    apply the correct set of overlays on the base device tree depending on the
+ *    hardware/product revision.
+ * 6. prepare tags at tag_addr.  kernel_args[] is
  *    appended to the kernel commandline in the tags.
- * 6. r0 = 0, r1 = MACHINE_TYPE, r2 = tags_addr
- * 7. if second_size != 0: jump to second_addr
+ * 7. r0 = 0, r1 = MACHINE_TYPE, r2 = tags_addr
+ * 8. if second_size != 0: jump to second_addr
  *    else: jump to kernel_addr
  */
 
diff --git a/mkbootimg/mkbootimg b/mkbootimg/mkbootimg
index ac20d05..fda9af0 100755
--- a/mkbootimg/mkbootimg
+++ b/mkbootimg/mkbootimg
@@ -45,6 +45,22 @@
     f.write(pack(str(pad) + 'x'))
 
 
+def get_number_of_pages(image_size, page_size):
+    """calculates the number of pages required for the image"""
+    return (image_size + page_size - 1) / page_size
+
+
+def get_recovery_dtbo_offset(args):
+    """calculates the offset of recovery_dtbo image in the boot image"""
+    num_header_pages = 1 # header occupies a page
+    num_kernel_pages = get_number_of_pages(filesize(args.kernel), args.pagesize)
+    num_ramdisk_pages = get_number_of_pages(filesize(args.ramdisk), args.pagesize)
+    num_second_pages = get_number_of_pages(filesize(args.second), args.pagesize)
+    dtbo_offset = args.pagesize * (num_header_pages + num_kernel_pages +
+                                   num_ramdisk_pages + num_second_pages)
+    return dtbo_offset
+
+
 def write_header(args):
     BOOT_MAGIC = 'ANDROID!'.encode()
     args.output.write(pack('8s', BOOT_MAGIC))
@@ -76,9 +92,12 @@
     args.output.write(pack('1024s', args.cmdline[512:].encode()))
 
     if args.header_version > 0:
-        args.output.write(pack('I', filesize(args.recovery_dtbo)))           # size in bytes
-        args.output.write(pack('Q', args.base + args.recovery_dtbo_offset))  # physical load addr
-        args.output.write(pack('I', args.output.tell() + 4))                 # size of boot header
+        args.output.write(pack('I', filesize(args.recovery_dtbo)))   # size in bytes
+        if args.recovery_dtbo:
+            args.output.write(pack('Q', get_recovery_dtbo_offset(args))) # recovery dtbo offset
+        else:
+            args.output.write(pack('Q', 0)) # Will be set to 0 for devices without a recovery dtbo
+        args.output.write(pack('I', args.output.tell() + 4))         # size of boot header
 
     pad_file(args.output, args.pagesize)
     return img_id
@@ -150,8 +169,6 @@
     parser.add_argument('--ramdisk_offset', help='ramdisk offset', type=parse_int, default=0x01000000)
     parser.add_argument('--second_offset', help='2nd bootloader offset', type=parse_int,
                         default=0x00f00000)
-    parser.add_argument('--recovery_dtbo_offset', help='recovery dtbo offset', type=parse_int,
-                        default=0x0f000000)
     parser.add_argument('--os_version', help='operating system version', type=parse_os_version,
                         default=0)
     parser.add_argument('--os_patch_level', help='operating system patch level',
diff --git a/mkbootimg/unpack_bootimg b/mkbootimg/unpack_bootimg
index 8e42ec0..c37acd5 100755
--- a/mkbootimg/unpack_bootimg
+++ b/mkbootimg/unpack_bootimg
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@
     if version > 0:
         recovery_dtbo_size = unpack('I', args.boot_img.read(1 * 4))[0]
         print('recovery dtbo size: %s' % recovery_dtbo_size)
-        recovery_dtbo_address = unpack('Q', args.boot_img.read(8))[0]
-        print('recovery dtbo load address: %s' % recovery_dtbo_address)
+        recovery_dtbo_offset = unpack('Q', args.boot_img.read(8))[0]
+        print('recovery dtbo offset: %s' % recovery_dtbo_offset)
         boot_header_size = unpack('I', args.boot_img.read(4))[0]
         print('boot header size: %s' % boot_header_size)
     else:
@@ -95,16 +95,13 @@
                                  ) # header + kernel
     image_info_list.append((ramdisk_offset, ramdisk_size, 'ramdisk'))
 
-    num_second_pages = get_number_of_pages(second_size, page_size)
     second_offset = page_size * (
         num_header_pages + num_kernel_pages + num_ramdisk_pages
     )  # header + kernel + ramdisk
     image_info_list.append((second_offset, second_size, 'second'))
 
     if recovery_dtbo_size > 0:
-        dtbo_offset = page_size * (num_header_pages + num_kernel_pages +
-                                   num_ramdisk_pages + num_second_pages)
-        image_info_list.append((dtbo_offset, recovery_dtbo_size,
+        image_info_list.append((recovery_dtbo_offset, recovery_dtbo_size,
                                 'recovery_dtbo'))
 
     for image_info in image_info_list:
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt
index ba96cc8..a0b1996 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 # absolute path of an executable is selected.
 dir.system = /system/bin/
 dir.system = /system/xbin/
+dir.system = /product/bin/
 
 dir.vendor = /odm/bin/
 dir.vendor = /vendor/bin/
@@ -37,7 +38,8 @@
 ###############################################################################
 namespace.default.isolated = true
 
-namespace.default.search.paths = /system/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths  = /system/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths += /product/${LIB}
 
 # We can't have entire /system/${LIB} as permitted paths because doing so
 # makes it possible to load libs in /system/${LIB}/vndk* directories by
@@ -49,6 +51,7 @@
 namespace.default.permitted.paths  = /system/${LIB}/drm
 namespace.default.permitted.paths += /system/${LIB}/extractors
 namespace.default.permitted.paths += /system/${LIB}/hw
+namespace.default.permitted.paths += /product/${LIB}
 # These are where odex files are located. libart has to be able to dlopen the files
 namespace.default.permitted.paths += /system/framework
 namespace.default.permitted.paths += /system/app
@@ -68,6 +71,8 @@
 
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths  = /data/asan/system/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /system/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/product/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /product/${LIB}
 
 namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths  = /data
 namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths += /system/${LIB}/drm
@@ -83,6 +88,7 @@
 namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths += /odm/app
 namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths += /odm/priv-app
 namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths += /oem/app
+namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths += /product/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths += /product/framework
 namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths += /product/app
 namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths += /product/priv-app
@@ -320,10 +326,13 @@
 ###############################################################################
 namespace.system.isolated = false
 
-namespace.system.search.paths = /system/${LIB}
+namespace.system.search.paths  = /system/${LIB}
+namespace.system.search.paths += /product/${LIB}
 
 namespace.system.asan.search.paths  = /data/asan/system/${LIB}
 namespace.system.asan.search.paths +=           /system/${LIB}
+namespace.system.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/product/${LIB}
+namespace.system.asan.search.paths +=           /product/${LIB}
 
 ###############################################################################
 # Namespace config for binaries under /postinstall.
@@ -335,4 +344,5 @@
 ###############################################################################
 [postinstall]
 namespace.default.isolated = false
-namespace.default.search.paths = /system/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths  = /system/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths += /product/${LIB}
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt
index 1fd4195..db65c14 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 # absolute path of an executable is selected.
 dir.system = /system/bin/
 dir.system = /system/xbin/
+dir.system = /product/bin/
 
 dir.vendor = /odm/bin/
 dir.vendor = /vendor/bin/
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@
 namespace.default.search.paths  = /system/${LIB}
 namespace.default.search.paths += /odm/${LIB}
 namespace.default.search.paths += /vendor/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths += /product/${LIB}
 
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths  = /data/asan/system/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /system/${LIB}
@@ -47,6 +49,8 @@
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /odm/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/vendor/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /vendor/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/product/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /product/${LIB}
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "sphal" namespace
@@ -205,6 +209,7 @@
 namespace.default.search.paths += /system/${LIB}/vndk%VNDK_VER%
 namespace.default.search.paths += /system/${LIB}/vndk-sp%VNDK_VER%
 namespace.default.search.paths += /system/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths += /product/${LIB}
 
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths  = /data/asan/odm/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /odm/${LIB}
@@ -224,6 +229,8 @@
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /system/${LIB}/vndk-sp%VNDK_VER%
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/system/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /system/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/product/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /product/${LIB}
 
 ###############################################################################
 # Namespace config for binaries under /postinstall.
@@ -235,4 +242,5 @@
 ###############################################################################
 [postinstall]
 namespace.default.isolated = false
-namespace.default.search.paths = /system/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths  = /system/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths += /product/${LIB}
diff --git a/rootdir/init.rc b/rootdir/init.rc
index 4cc6693..b9464e7 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.rc
+++ b/rootdir/init.rc
@@ -429,6 +429,7 @@
     mkdir /data/misc/radio 0770 system radio
     mkdir /data/misc/sms 0770 system radio
     mkdir /data/misc/carrierid 0770 system radio
+    mkdir /data/misc/apns 0770 system radio
     mkdir /data/misc/zoneinfo 0775 system system
     mkdir /data/misc/network_watchlist 0774 system system
     mkdir /data/misc/textclassifier 0771 system system