diff --git a/TEST_MAPPING b/TEST_MAPPING
index c47230f..f9c3b4a 100644
--- a/TEST_MAPPING
+++ b/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -2,6 +2,30 @@
   "presubmit": [
     {
       "name": "adbd_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "debuggerd_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "init_tests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "libbase_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "libprocinfo_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "memunreachable_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "memunreachable_binder_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "propertyinfoserializer_tests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "ziparchive-tests"
     }
   ]
 }
diff --git a/adb/Android.bp b/adb/Android.bp
index 00e98fe..e994075 100644
--- a/adb/Android.bp
+++ b/adb/Android.bp
@@ -285,6 +285,15 @@
         "deploypatchgenerator",
     ],
 
+    // Archive adb, adb.exe.
+    dist: {
+        targets: [
+            "dist_files",
+            "sdk",
+            "win_sdk",
+        ],
+    },
+
     target: {
         darwin: {
             cflags: [
diff --git a/adb/Android.mk b/adb/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 8b2d558..0000000
--- a/adb/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
-
-# Archive adb, adb.exe.
-$(call dist-for-goals,dist_files sdk win_sdk,$(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/adb)
-
-ifdef HOST_CROSS_OS
-$(call dist-for-goals,dist_files sdk win_sdk,$(ALL_MODULES.host_cross_adb.BUILT))
-endif
diff --git a/adb/adb.h b/adb/adb.h
index 8c37c4b..e2911e8 100644
--- a/adb/adb.h
+++ b/adb/adb.h
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 std::string adb_version();
 
 // Increment this when we want to force users to start a new adb server.
-#define ADB_SERVER_VERSION 41
+#define ADB_SERVER_VERSION 40
 
 using TransportId = uint64_t;
 class atransport;
diff --git a/adb/adb_auth.h b/adb/adb_auth.h
index 715e04f..2fc8478 100644
--- a/adb/adb_auth.h
+++ b/adb/adb_auth.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 void adb_auth_init();
 
 int adb_auth_keygen(const char* filename);
+int adb_auth_pubkey(const char* filename);
 std::string adb_auth_get_userkey();
 std::deque<std::shared_ptr<RSA>> adb_auth_get_private_keys();
 
diff --git a/adb/adb_io_test.cpp b/adb/adb_io_test.cpp
index 611b239..91b73a9 100644
--- a/adb/adb_io_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb_io_test.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 
 // All of these tests fail on Windows because they use the C Runtime open(),
 // but the adb_io APIs expect file descriptors from adb_open(). This could
diff --git a/adb/adb_trace.cpp b/adb/adb_trace.cpp
index a8ec5fb..a024a89 100644
--- a/adb/adb_trace.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb_trace.cpp
@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@
                const char* tag, const char* file, unsigned int line,
                const char* message) {
     android::base::StderrLogger(id, severity, tag, file, line, message);
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    // stderr can be buffered on Windows (and setvbuf doesn't seem to work), so explicitly flush.
+    fflush(stderr);
+#endif
+
 #if !ADB_HOST
     // Only print logs of INFO or higher to logcat, so that `adb logcat` with adbd tracing on
     // doesn't result in exponential logging.
diff --git a/adb/adb_utils_test.cpp b/adb/adb_utils_test.cpp
index 341323f..870f6f0 100644
--- a/adb/adb_utils_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb_utils_test.cpp
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
 
 #include "sysdeps.h"
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
 static std::string subdir(const char* parent, const char* child) {
diff --git a/adb/client/adb_install.cpp b/adb/client/adb_install.cpp
index 0008f72..7f37c45 100644
--- a/adb/client/adb_install.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/adb_install.cpp
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
 #include "android-base/file.h"
 #include "android-base/stringprintf.h"
 #include "android-base/strings.h"
-#include "android-base/test_utils.h"
 #include "client/file_sync_client.h"
 #include "commandline.h"
 #include "fastdeploy.h"
diff --git a/adb/client/auth.cpp b/adb/client/auth.cpp
index 71c19b8..bcb829b 100644
--- a/adb/client/auth.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/auth.cpp
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 
 #include "adb.h"
 #include "adb_auth.h"
+#include "adb_io.h"
 #include "adb_utils.h"
 #include "sysdeps.h"
 #include "transport.h"
@@ -52,30 +53,7 @@
     *new std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<RSA>>;
 static std::map<int, std::string>& g_monitored_paths = *new std::map<int, std::string>;
 
-static std::string get_user_info() {
-    LOG(INFO) << "get_user_info...";
-
-    std::string hostname;
-    if (getenv("HOSTNAME")) hostname = getenv("HOSTNAME");
-#if !defined(_WIN32)
-    char buf[64];
-    if (hostname.empty() && gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf)) != -1) hostname = buf;
-#endif
-    if (hostname.empty()) hostname = "unknown";
-
-    std::string username;
-    if (getenv("LOGNAME")) username = getenv("LOGNAME");
-#if !defined _WIN32 && !defined ADB_HOST_ON_TARGET
-    if (username.empty() && getlogin()) username = getlogin();
-#endif
-    if (username.empty()) hostname = "unknown";
-
-    return " " + username + "@" + hostname;
-}
-
-static bool write_public_keyfile(RSA* private_key, const std::string& private_key_path) {
-    LOG(INFO) << "write_public_keyfile...";
-
+static bool calculate_public_key(std::string* out, RSA* private_key) {
     uint8_t binary_key_data[ANDROID_PUBKEY_ENCODED_SIZE];
     if (!android_pubkey_encode(private_key, binary_key_data, sizeof(binary_key_data))) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to convert to public key";
@@ -88,20 +66,10 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    std::string content;
-    content.resize(expected_length);
-    size_t actual_length = EVP_EncodeBlock(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&content[0]), binary_key_data,
+    out->resize(expected_length);
+    size_t actual_length = EVP_EncodeBlock(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(out->data()), binary_key_data,
                                            sizeof(binary_key_data));
-    content.resize(actual_length);
-
-    content += get_user_info();
-
-    std::string path(private_key_path + ".pub");
-    if (!android::base::WriteStringToFile(content, path)) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write public key to '" << path << "'";
-        return false;
-    }
-
+    out->resize(actual_length);
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -140,11 +108,6 @@
         goto out;
     }
 
-    if (!write_public_keyfile(rsa, file)) {
-        D("Failed to write public key");
-        goto out;
-    }
-
     ret = 1;
 
 out:
@@ -170,36 +133,41 @@
     return result;
 }
 
-static bool read_key_file(const std::string& file) {
-    LOG(INFO) << "read_key_file '" << file << "'...";
-
+static std::shared_ptr<RSA> read_key_file(const std::string& file) {
     std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)> fp(fopen(file.c_str(), "r"), fclose);
     if (!fp) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open '" << file << "'";
-        return false;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
     RSA* key = RSA_new();
     if (!PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey(fp.get(), &key, nullptr, nullptr)) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read key";
         RSA_free(key);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return std::shared_ptr<RSA>(key, RSA_free);
+}
+
+static bool load_key(const std::string& file) {
+    std::shared_ptr<RSA> key = read_key_file(file);
+    if (!key) {
         return false;
     }
 
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_keys_mutex);
-    std::string fingerprint = hash_key(key);
+    std::string fingerprint = hash_key(key.get());
     if (g_keys.find(fingerprint) != g_keys.end()) {
         LOG(INFO) << "ignoring already-loaded key: " << file;
-        RSA_free(key);
     } else {
-        g_keys[fingerprint] = std::shared_ptr<RSA>(key, RSA_free);
+        g_keys[fingerprint] = std::move(key);
     }
-
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool read_keys(const std::string& path, bool allow_dir = true) {
-    LOG(INFO) << "read_keys '" << path << "'...";
+static bool load_keys(const std::string& path, bool allow_dir = true) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "load_keys '" << path << "'...";
 
     struct stat st;
     if (stat(path.c_str(), &st) != 0) {
@@ -208,7 +176,7 @@
     }
 
     if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
-        return read_key_file(path);
+        return load_key(path);
     } else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
         if (!allow_dir) {
             // inotify isn't recursive. It would break expectations to load keys in nested
@@ -237,7 +205,7 @@
                 continue;
             }
 
-            result |= read_key_file((path + OS_PATH_SEPARATOR + name));
+            result |= load_key((path + OS_PATH_SEPARATOR + name));
         }
         return result;
     }
@@ -250,7 +218,7 @@
     return adb_get_android_dir_path() + OS_PATH_SEPARATOR + "adbkey";
 }
 
-static bool get_user_key() {
+static bool generate_userkey() {
     std::string path = get_user_key_path();
     if (path.empty()) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Error getting user key filename";
@@ -266,7 +234,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    return read_key_file(path);
+    return load_key(path);
 }
 
 static std::set<std::string> get_vendor_keys() {
@@ -320,26 +288,42 @@
     return result;
 }
 
+static bool pubkey_from_privkey(std::string* out, const std::string& path) {
+    std::shared_ptr<RSA> privkey = read_key_file(path);
+    if (!privkey) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return calculate_public_key(out, privkey.get());
+}
+
 std::string adb_auth_get_userkey() {
     std::string path = get_user_key_path();
     if (path.empty()) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Error getting user key filename";
         return "";
     }
-    path += ".pub";
 
-    std::string content;
-    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(path, &content)) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Can't load '" << path << "'";
+    std::string result;
+    if (!pubkey_from_privkey(&result, path)) {
         return "";
     }
-    return content;
+    return result;
 }
 
 int adb_auth_keygen(const char* filename) {
     return (generate_key(filename) == 0);
 }
 
+int adb_auth_pubkey(const char* filename) {
+    std::string pubkey;
+    if (!pubkey_from_privkey(&pubkey, filename)) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    pubkey.push_back('\n');
+
+    return WriteFdExactly(STDOUT_FILENO, pubkey.data(), pubkey.size()) ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
 #if defined(__linux__)
 static void adb_auth_inotify_update(int fd, unsigned fd_event, void*) {
     LOG(INFO) << "adb_auth_inotify_update called";
@@ -380,7 +364,7 @@
                     LOG(INFO) << "ignoring new directory at '" << path << "'";
                 } else {
                     LOG(INFO) << "observed new file at '" << path << "'";
-                    read_keys(path, false);
+                    load_keys(path, false);
                 }
             } else {
                 LOG(WARNING) << "unmonitored event for " << path << ": 0x" << std::hex
@@ -420,8 +404,8 @@
 void adb_auth_init() {
     LOG(INFO) << "adb_auth_init...";
 
-    if (!get_user_key()) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get user key";
+    if (!generate_userkey()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to generate user key";
         return;
     }
 
@@ -432,7 +416,7 @@
 #endif
 
     for (const std::string& path : key_paths) {
-        read_keys(path.c_str());
+        load_keys(path.c_str());
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/adb/client/commandline.cpp b/adb/client/commandline.cpp
index b5bed28..c11052d 100644
--- a/adb/client/commandline.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/commandline.cpp
@@ -185,7 +185,6 @@
         " enable-verity            re-enable dm-verity checking on userdebug builds\n"
         " keygen FILE\n"
         "     generate adb public/private key; private key stored in FILE,\n"
-        "     public key stored in FILE.pub (existing files overwritten)\n"
         "\n"
         "scripting:\n"
         " wait-for[-TRANSPORT]-STATE\n"
@@ -1756,14 +1755,14 @@
         // Always print key generation information for keygen command.
         adb_trace_enable(AUTH);
         return adb_auth_keygen(argv[1]);
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "jdwp")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "pubkey")) {
+        if (argc != 2) error_exit("pubkey requires an argument");
+        return adb_auth_pubkey(argv[1]);
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "jdwp")) {
         return adb_connect_command("jdwp");
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "track-jdwp")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "track-jdwp")) {
         return adb_connect_command("track-jdwp");
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "track-devices")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "track-devices")) {
         return adb_connect_command("host:track-devices");
     } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "raw")) {
         if (argc != 2) {
@@ -1772,13 +1771,11 @@
         return adb_connect_command(argv[1]);
     }
 
-
     /* "adb /?" is a common idiom under Windows */
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--help") || !strcmp(argv[0], "help") || !strcmp(argv[0], "/?")) {
         help();
         return 0;
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--version") || !strcmp(argv[0], "version")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--version") || !strcmp(argv[0], "version")) {
         fprintf(stdout, "%s", adb_version().c_str());
         return 0;
     } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "features")) {
diff --git a/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp b/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp
index 10b6090..f2ca63b 100644
--- a/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp
@@ -332,13 +332,6 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        rc = libusb_set_interface_alt_setting(handle.get(), interface_num, 0);
-        if (rc != 0) {
-            LOG(WARNING) << "failed to set interface alt setting for device '" << device_serial
-                         << "'" << libusb_error_name(rc);
-            return;
-        }
-
         for (uint8_t endpoint : {bulk_in, bulk_out}) {
             rc = libusb_clear_halt(handle.get(), endpoint);
             if (rc != 0) {
diff --git a/adb/client/usb_osx.cpp b/adb/client/usb_osx.cpp
index 49baf36..e380c84 100644
--- a/adb/client/usb_osx.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/usb_osx.cpp
@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@
     io_service_t             usbDevice;
     io_service_t             usbInterface;
     IOCFPlugInInterface      **plugInInterface = NULL;
-    IOUSBInterfaceInterface220  **iface = NULL;
-    IOUSBDeviceInterface197  **dev = NULL;
+    IOUSBInterfaceInterface500  **iface = NULL;
+    IOUSBDeviceInterface500  **dev = NULL;
     HRESULT                  result;
     SInt32                   score;
     uint32_t                 locationId;
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
         //* This gets us the interface object
         result = (*plugInInterface)->QueryInterface(
             plugInInterface,
-            CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBInterfaceInterfaceID), (LPVOID*)&iface);
+            CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBInterfaceInterfaceID500), (LPVOID*)&iface);
         //* We only needed the plugin to get the interface, so discard it
         (*plugInInterface)->Release(plugInInterface);
         if (result || !iface) {
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@
         }
 
         result = (*plugInInterface)->QueryInterface(plugInInterface,
-            CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBDeviceInterfaceID), (LPVOID*)&dev);
+            CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBDeviceInterfaceID500), (LPVOID*)&dev);
         //* only needed this to query the plugin
         (*plugInInterface)->Release(plugInInterface);
         if (result || !dev) {
diff --git a/adb/daemon/remount_service.cpp b/adb/daemon/remount_service.cpp
index ae02525..b72ed16 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/remount_service.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/remount_service.cpp
@@ -78,7 +78,13 @@
     std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
                                                                fs_mgr_free_fstab);
     struct fstab_rec* rec = fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(fstab.get(), dir);
-    return rec ? rec->blk_device : "";
+    if (!rec) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    if (fs_mgr_is_logical(rec)) {
+        fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(rec);
+    }
+    return rec->blk_device;
 }
 
 // The proc entry for / is full of lies, so check fstab instead.
@@ -87,12 +93,16 @@
     if (is_root) {
         return find_fstab_mount(dir);
     } else {
-       return find_proc_mount(dir);
+        return find_proc_mount(dir);
     }
 }
 
+bool dev_is_overlayfs(const std::string& dev) {
+    return (dev == "overlay") || (dev == "overlayfs");
+}
+
 bool make_block_device_writable(const std::string& dev) {
-    if ((dev == "overlay") || (dev == "overlayfs")) return true;
+    if (dev_is_overlayfs(dev)) return true;
     int fd = unix_open(dev.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
     if (fd == -1) {
         return false;
@@ -155,11 +165,16 @@
         return true;
     }
     bool is_root = strcmp(dir, "/") == 0;
-    if (is_root && !find_mount("/system", false).empty()) {
+    if (is_root && dev_is_overlayfs(find_mount("/system", false))) {
         dir = "/system";
         is_root = false;
     }
     std::string dev = find_mount(dir, is_root);
+    if (is_root && dev.empty()) {
+        // The fstab entry will be /system if the device switched roots during
+        // first-stage init.
+        dev = find_mount("/system", true);
+    }
     // Even if the device for the root is not found, we still try to remount it
     // as rw. This typically only happens when running Android in a container:
     // the root will almost always be in a loop device, which is dynamic, so
diff --git a/adb/daemon/services.cpp b/adb/daemon/services.cpp
index 720ec6a..b300fac 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/services.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/services.cpp
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
     std::string reboot_string = android::base::StringPrintf("reboot,%s", reboot_arg.c_str());
 
     if (reboot_arg == "fastboot" &&
-        android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.boot.logical_partitions", false) &&
+        android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.boot.dynamic_partitions", false) &&
         access("/dev/socket/recovery", F_OK) == 0) {
         LOG(INFO) << "Recovery specific reboot fastboot";
         /*
diff --git a/adb/fastdeploy/OWNERS b/adb/fastdeploy/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d145834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/adb/fastdeploy/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+idries@google.com
diff --git a/adb/fastdeploy/deployagent/src/com/android/fastdeploy/DeployAgent.java b/adb/fastdeploy/deployagent/src/com/android/fastdeploy/DeployAgent.java
index cd6f168..17845e2 100644
--- a/adb/fastdeploy/deployagent/src/com/android/fastdeploy/DeployAgent.java
+++ b/adb/fastdeploy/deployagent/src/com/android/fastdeploy/DeployAgent.java
@@ -142,14 +142,21 @@
         BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
 
         String packagePrefix = "package:";
+        String packageSuffix = "=" + packageName;
         String line = "";
         while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
-            int packageIndex = line.indexOf(packagePrefix);
-            int equalsIndex = line.indexOf("=" + packageName);
-            return new File(line.substring(packageIndex + packagePrefix.length(), equalsIndex));
+            if (line.endsWith(packageSuffix)) {
+                int packageIndex = line.indexOf(packagePrefix);
+                if (packageIndex == -1) {
+                    throw new IOException("error reading package list");
+                }
+                int equalsIndex = line.lastIndexOf(packageSuffix);
+                String fileName =
+                    line.substring(packageIndex + packagePrefix.length(), equalsIndex);
+                return new File(fileName);
+            }
         }
-
-        return null;
+        throw new IOException("package not found");
     }
 
     private static void extractMetaData(String packageName) throws IOException {
diff --git a/adb/fastdeploy/deploypatchgenerator/src/com/android/fastdeploy/DeployPatchGenerator.java b/adb/fastdeploy/deploypatchgenerator/src/com/android/fastdeploy/DeployPatchGenerator.java
index 5577364..24b2eab 100644
--- a/adb/fastdeploy/deploypatchgenerator/src/com/android/fastdeploy/DeployPatchGenerator.java
+++ b/adb/fastdeploy/deploypatchgenerator/src/com/android/fastdeploy/DeployPatchGenerator.java
@@ -61,22 +61,22 @@
             File hostFile = new File(apkPath);
 
             List<APKEntry> deviceZipEntries = getMetadataFromFile(deviceMetadataPath);
+            System.err.println("Device Entries (" + deviceZipEntries.size() + ")");
             if (verbose) {
                 sb = new StringBuilder();
                 for (APKEntry entry : deviceZipEntries) {
                     APKEntryToString(entry, sb);
                 }
-                System.err.println("Device Entries (" + deviceZipEntries.size() + ")");
                 System.err.println(sb.toString());
             }
 
             List<APKEntry> hostFileEntries = PatchUtils.getAPKMetaData(hostFile).getEntriesList();
+            System.err.println("Host Entries (" + hostFileEntries.size() + ")");
             if (verbose) {
                 sb = new StringBuilder();
                 for (APKEntry entry : hostFileEntries) {
                     APKEntryToString(entry, sb);
                 }
-                System.err.println("Host Entries (" + hostFileEntries.size() + ")");
                 System.err.println(sb.toString());
             }
 
@@ -130,7 +130,8 @@
 
         for (APKEntry deviceZipEntry : deviceZipEntries) {
             for (APKEntry hostZipEntry : hostZipEntries) {
-                if (deviceZipEntry.getCrc32() == hostZipEntry.getCrc32()) {
+                if (deviceZipEntry.getCrc32() == hostZipEntry.getCrc32() &&
+                    deviceZipEntry.getFileName().equals(hostZipEntry.getFileName())) {
                     identicalContents.add(new SimpleEntry(deviceZipEntry, hostZipEntry));
                 }
             }
diff --git a/adb/sysdeps/stat_test.cpp b/adb/sysdeps/stat_test.cpp
index 2c2e0ee..67155d9 100644
--- a/adb/sysdeps/stat_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/sysdeps/stat_test.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include "adb_utils.h"
diff --git a/adb/sysdeps_win32_test.cpp b/adb/sysdeps_win32_test.cpp
index 529b212..183cd5b 100644
--- a/adb/sysdeps_win32_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/sysdeps_win32_test.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 #include "sysdeps.h"
 
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 
 TEST(sysdeps_win32, adb_getenv) {
     // Insert all test env vars before first call to adb_getenv() which will
diff --git a/adb/transport.cpp b/adb/transport.cpp
index 03a9f30..c2d4917 100644
--- a/adb/transport.cpp
+++ b/adb/transport.cpp
@@ -1013,9 +1013,10 @@
 #if ADB_HOST
                 kFeatureApex
 #endif
-        // Increment ADB_SERVER_VERSION whenever the feature list changes to
-        // make sure that the adb client and server features stay in sync
-        // (http://b/24370690).
+        // Increment ADB_SERVER_VERSION when adding a feature that adbd needs
+        // to know about. Otherwise, the client can be stuck running an old
+        // version of the server even after upgrading their copy of adb.
+        // (http://b/24370690)
     };
 
     return *features;
diff --git a/adb/transport_fd.cpp b/adb/transport_fd.cpp
index ec61279..a93e68a 100644
--- a/adb/transport_fd.cpp
+++ b/adb/transport_fd.cpp
@@ -85,18 +85,9 @@
             if (pfds[0].revents) {
                 if ((pfds[0].revents & POLLOUT)) {
                     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(this->write_mutex_);
-                    WriteResult result = DispatchWrites();
-                    switch (result) {
-                        case WriteResult::Error:
-                            *error = "write failed";
-                            return;
-
-                        case WriteResult::Completed:
-                            writable_ = true;
-                            break;
-
-                        case WriteResult::TryAgain:
-                            break;
+                    if (DispatchWrites() == WriteResult::Error) {
+                        *error = "write failed";
+                        return;
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -179,13 +170,14 @@
 
     WriteResult DispatchWrites() REQUIRES(write_mutex_) {
         CHECK(!write_buffer_.empty());
-        if (!writable_) {
-            return WriteResult::TryAgain;
-        }
-
         auto iovs = write_buffer_.iovecs();
         ssize_t rc = adb_writev(fd_.get(), iovs.data(), iovs.size());
         if (rc == -1) {
+            if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
+                writable_ = false;
+                return WriteResult::TryAgain;
+            }
+
             return WriteResult::Error;
         } else if (rc == 0) {
             errno = 0;
@@ -194,6 +186,7 @@
 
         // TODO: Implement a more efficient drop_front?
         write_buffer_.take_front(rc);
+        writable_ = write_buffer_.empty();
         if (write_buffer_.empty()) {
             return WriteResult::Completed;
         }
@@ -211,7 +204,12 @@
         if (!packet->payload.empty()) {
             write_buffer_.append(std::make_unique<IOVector::block_type>(std::move(packet->payload)));
         }
-        return DispatchWrites() != WriteResult::Error;
+
+        WriteResult result = DispatchWrites();
+        if (result == WriteResult::TryAgain) {
+            WakeThread();
+        }
+        return result != WriteResult::Error;
     }
 
     std::thread thread_;
diff --git a/adb/types.h b/adb/types.h
index 0c71c3a..0090c98 100644
--- a/adb/types.h
+++ b/adb/types.h
@@ -108,7 +108,10 @@
         CHECK_EQ(0ULL, capacity_);
         CHECK_EQ(0ULL, size_);
         if (size != 0) {
-            data_ = std::make_unique<char[]>(size);
+            // This isn't std::make_unique because that's equivalent to `new char[size]()`, which
+            // value-initializes the array instead of leaving it uninitialized. As an optimization,
+            // call new without parentheses to avoid this costly initialization.
+            data_.reset(new char[size]);
             capacity_ = size;
             size_ = size;
         }
diff --git a/base/file.cpp b/base/file.cpp
index 3834ed4..d5bb7fe 100644
--- a/base/file.cpp
+++ b/base/file.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <ftw.h>
 #include <libgen.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -28,19 +31,144 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "android-base/logging.h"
-#include "android-base/macros.h"  // For TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY on Darwin.
-#include "android-base/unique_fd.h"
-#include "android-base/utf8.h"
-
 #if defined(__APPLE__)
 #include <mach-o/dyld.h>
 #endif
 #if defined(_WIN32)
+#include <direct.h>
 #include <windows.h>
 #define O_NOFOLLOW 0
+#define OS_PATH_SEPARATOR '\\'
+#else
+#define OS_PATH_SEPARATOR '/'
 #endif
 
+#include "android-base/logging.h"  // and must be after windows.h for ERROR
+#include "android-base/macros.h"   // For TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY on Darwin.
+#include "android-base/unique_fd.h"
+#include "android-base/utf8.h"
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+int mkstemp(char* template_name) {
+  if (_mktemp(template_name) == nullptr) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  // Use open() to match the close() that TemporaryFile's destructor does.
+  // Use O_BINARY to match base file APIs.
+  return open(template_name, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_RDWR | O_BINARY, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
+}
+
+char* mkdtemp(char* template_name) {
+  if (_mktemp(template_name) == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  if (_mkdir(template_name) == -1) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return template_name;
+}
+#endif
+
+namespace {
+
+std::string GetSystemTempDir() {
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+  const auto* tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR");
+  if (tmpdir == nullptr) tmpdir = "/data/local/tmp";
+  if (access(tmpdir, R_OK | W_OK | X_OK) == 0) {
+    return tmpdir;
+  }
+  // Tests running in app context can't access /data/local/tmp,
+  // so try current directory if /data/local/tmp is not accessible.
+  return ".";
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+  char tmp_dir[MAX_PATH];
+  DWORD result = GetTempPathA(sizeof(tmp_dir), tmp_dir);  // checks TMP env
+  CHECK_NE(result, 0ul) << "GetTempPathA failed, error: " << GetLastError();
+  CHECK_LT(result, sizeof(tmp_dir)) << "path truncated to: " << result;
+
+  // GetTempPath() returns a path with a trailing slash, but init()
+  // does not expect that, so remove it.
+  CHECK_EQ(tmp_dir[result - 1], '\\');
+  tmp_dir[result - 1] = '\0';
+  return tmp_dir;
+#else
+  const auto* tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR");
+  if (tmpdir == nullptr) tmpdir = "/tmp";
+  return tmpdir;
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TemporaryFile::TemporaryFile() {
+  init(GetSystemTempDir());
+}
+
+TemporaryFile::TemporaryFile(const std::string& tmp_dir) {
+  init(tmp_dir);
+}
+
+TemporaryFile::~TemporaryFile() {
+  if (fd != -1) {
+    close(fd);
+  }
+  if (remove_file_) {
+    unlink(path);
+  }
+}
+
+int TemporaryFile::release() {
+  int result = fd;
+  fd = -1;
+  return result;
+}
+
+void TemporaryFile::init(const std::string& tmp_dir) {
+  snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s%cTemporaryFile-XXXXXX", tmp_dir.c_str(), OS_PATH_SEPARATOR);
+  fd = mkstemp(path);
+}
+
+TemporaryDir::TemporaryDir() {
+  init(GetSystemTempDir());
+}
+
+TemporaryDir::~TemporaryDir() {
+  if (!remove_dir_and_contents_) return;
+
+  auto callback = [](const char* child, const struct stat*, int file_type, struct FTW*) -> int {
+    switch (file_type) {
+      case FTW_D:
+      case FTW_DP:
+      case FTW_DNR:
+        if (rmdir(child) == -1) {
+          PLOG(ERROR) << "rmdir " << child;
+        }
+        break;
+      case FTW_NS:
+      default:
+        if (rmdir(child) != -1) break;
+        // FALLTHRU (for gcc, lint, pcc, etc; and following for clang)
+        FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
+      case FTW_F:
+      case FTW_SL:
+      case FTW_SLN:
+        if (unlink(child) == -1) {
+          PLOG(ERROR) << "unlink " << child;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  };
+
+  nftw(path, callback, 128, FTW_DEPTH | FTW_MOUNT | FTW_PHYS);
+}
+
+bool TemporaryDir::init(const std::string& tmp_dir) {
+  snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s%cTemporaryDir-XXXXXX", tmp_dir.c_str(), OS_PATH_SEPARATOR);
+  return (mkdtemp(path) != nullptr);
+}
+
 namespace android {
 namespace base {
 
diff --git a/base/file_test.cpp b/base/file_test.cpp
index 6794652..f64e81c 100644
--- a/base/file_test.cpp
+++ b/base/file_test.cpp
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
-#include "android-base/test_utils.h"
-
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
 #include <pwd.h>
 #endif
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/file.h b/base/include/android-base/file.h
index 86d537d..f8748b5 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/file.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/file.h
@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@
 
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
+
 #include <string>
 
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include "android-base/off64_t.h"
 
 #if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(O_BINARY)
@@ -32,6 +34,46 @@
 #define O_CLOEXEC O_NOINHERIT
 #endif
 
+class TemporaryFile {
+ public:
+  TemporaryFile();
+  explicit TemporaryFile(const std::string& tmp_dir);
+  ~TemporaryFile();
+
+  // Release the ownership of fd, caller is reponsible for closing the
+  // fd or stream properly.
+  int release();
+  // Don't remove the temporary file in the destructor.
+  void DoNotRemove() { remove_file_ = false; }
+
+  int fd;
+  char path[1024];
+
+ private:
+  void init(const std::string& tmp_dir);
+
+  bool remove_file_ = true;
+
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TemporaryFile);
+};
+
+class TemporaryDir {
+ public:
+  TemporaryDir();
+  ~TemporaryDir();
+  // Don't remove the temporary dir in the destructor.
+  void DoNotRemove() { remove_dir_and_contents_ = false; }
+
+  char path[1024];
+
+ private:
+  bool init(const std::string& tmp_dir);
+
+  bool remove_dir_and_contents_ = true;
+
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TemporaryDir);
+};
+
 namespace android {
 namespace base {
 
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/test_utils.h b/base/include/android-base/test_utils.h
index 2abe68e..b20f278 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/test_utils.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/test_utils.h
@@ -19,44 +19,9 @@
 #include <regex>
 #include <string>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
 
-class TemporaryFile {
- public:
-  TemporaryFile();
-  explicit TemporaryFile(const std::string& tmp_dir);
-  ~TemporaryFile();
-
-  // Release the ownership of fd, caller is reponsible for closing the
-  // fd or stream properly.
-  int release();
-  // Don't remove the temporary file in the destructor.
-  void DoNotRemove() { remove_file_ = false; }
-
-  int fd;
-  char path[1024];
-
- private:
-  void init(const std::string& tmp_dir);
-
-  bool remove_file_ = true;
-
-  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TemporaryFile);
-};
-
-class TemporaryDir {
- public:
-  TemporaryDir();
-  ~TemporaryDir();
-
-  char path[1024];
-
- private:
-  bool init(const std::string& tmp_dir);
-
-  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TemporaryDir);
-};
-
 class CapturedStdFd {
  public:
   CapturedStdFd(int std_fd);
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/unique_fd.h b/base/include/android-base/unique_fd.h
index b92b711..4e6c879 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/unique_fd.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/unique_fd.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
+#include <dirent.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #endif
 
@@ -212,6 +213,17 @@
   return file;
 }
 
+// Using fdopendir with unique_fd correctly is more annoying than it should be,
+// because fdopen doesn't close the file descriptor received upon failure.
+inline DIR* Fdopendir(unique_fd&& ufd) {
+  int fd = ufd.release();
+  DIR* dir = fdopendir(fd);
+  if (dir == nullptr) {
+    close(fd);
+  }
+  return dir;
+}
+
 #endif  // !defined(_WIN32)
 
 }  // namespace base
diff --git a/base/mapped_file_test.cpp b/base/mapped_file_test.cpp
index 57fde6f..7e89723 100644
--- a/base/mapped_file_test.cpp
+++ b/base/mapped_file_test.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include "android-base/file.h"
-#include "android-base/test_utils.h"
 #include "android-base/unique_fd.h"
 
 TEST(mapped_file, smoke) {
diff --git a/base/test_utils.cpp b/base/test_utils.cpp
index 4d9466b..36b4cdf 100644
--- a/base/test_utils.cpp
+++ b/base/test_utils.cpp
@@ -22,109 +22,11 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-#include <windows.h>
-#include <direct.h>
-#define OS_PATH_SEPARATOR '\\'
-#else
-#define OS_PATH_SEPARATOR '/'
-#endif
-
 #include <string>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 
-#ifdef _WIN32
-int mkstemp(char* template_name) {
-  if (_mktemp(template_name) == nullptr) {
-    return -1;
-  }
-  // Use open() to match the close() that TemporaryFile's destructor does.
-  // Use O_BINARY to match base file APIs.
-  return open(template_name, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_RDWR | O_BINARY,
-              S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
-}
-
-char* mkdtemp(char* template_name) {
-  if (_mktemp(template_name) == nullptr) {
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-  if (_mkdir(template_name) == -1) {
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-  return template_name;
-}
-#endif
-
-static std::string GetSystemTempDir() {
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-  const char* tmpdir = "/data/local/tmp";
-  if (access(tmpdir, R_OK | W_OK | X_OK) == 0) {
-    return tmpdir;
-  }
-  // Tests running in app context can't access /data/local/tmp,
-  // so try current directory if /data/local/tmp is not accessible.
-  return ".";
-#elif defined(_WIN32)
-  char tmp_dir[MAX_PATH];
-  DWORD result = GetTempPathA(sizeof(tmp_dir), tmp_dir);
-  CHECK_NE(result, 0ul) << "GetTempPathA failed, error: " << GetLastError();
-  CHECK_LT(result, sizeof(tmp_dir)) << "path truncated to: " << result;
-
-  // GetTempPath() returns a path with a trailing slash, but init()
-  // does not expect that, so remove it.
-  CHECK_EQ(tmp_dir[result - 1], '\\');
-  tmp_dir[result - 1] = '\0';
-  return tmp_dir;
-#else
-  return "/tmp";
-#endif
-}
-
-TemporaryFile::TemporaryFile() {
-  init(GetSystemTempDir());
-}
-
-TemporaryFile::TemporaryFile(const std::string& tmp_dir) {
-  init(tmp_dir);
-}
-
-TemporaryFile::~TemporaryFile() {
-  if (fd != -1) {
-    close(fd);
-  }
-  if (remove_file_) {
-    unlink(path);
-  }
-}
-
-int TemporaryFile::release() {
-  int result = fd;
-  fd = -1;
-  return result;
-}
-
-void TemporaryFile::init(const std::string& tmp_dir) {
-  snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s%cTemporaryFile-XXXXXX", tmp_dir.c_str(),
-           OS_PATH_SEPARATOR);
-  fd = mkstemp(path);
-}
-
-TemporaryDir::TemporaryDir() {
-  init(GetSystemTempDir());
-}
-
-TemporaryDir::~TemporaryDir() {
-  rmdir(path);
-}
-
-bool TemporaryDir::init(const std::string& tmp_dir) {
-  snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s%cTemporaryDir-XXXXXX", tmp_dir.c_str(),
-           OS_PATH_SEPARATOR);
-  return (mkdtemp(path) != nullptr);
-}
-
 CapturedStdFd::CapturedStdFd(int std_fd) : std_fd_(std_fd), old_fd_(-1) {
   Start();
 }
diff --git a/base/utf8_test.cpp b/base/utf8_test.cpp
index fcb25c3..472e82c 100644
--- a/base/utf8_test.cpp
+++ b/base/utf8_test.cpp
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
+#include "android-base/file.h"
 #include "android-base/macros.h"
-#include "android-base/test_utils.h"
 #include "android-base/unique_fd.h"
 
 namespace android {
diff --git a/bootstat/boot_event_record_store_test.cpp b/bootstat/boot_event_record_store_test.cpp
index 4b7ab36..5ca9b09 100644
--- a/bootstat/boot_event_record_store_test.cpp
+++ b/bootstat/boot_event_record_store_test.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 #include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
diff --git a/cpio/Android.bp b/cpio/Android.bp
index 847e0f1..baa0319 100644
--- a/cpio/Android.bp
+++ b/cpio/Android.bp
@@ -5,4 +5,7 @@
     srcs: ["mkbootfs.c"],
     cflags: ["-Werror"],
     shared_libs: ["libcutils"],
+    dist: {
+        targets: ["dist_files"],
+    },
 }
diff --git a/cpio/Android.mk b/cpio/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index fc3551b..0000000
--- a/cpio/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2005 The Android Open Source Project
-
-$(call dist-for-goals,dist_files,$(ALL_MODULES.mkbootfs.BUILT))
diff --git a/debuggerd/crash_dump.cpp b/debuggerd/crash_dump.cpp
index 577e336..d79d20b 100644
--- a/debuggerd/crash_dump.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/crash_dump.cpp
@@ -348,8 +348,16 @@
   return vm_pid;
 }
 
+static void InstallSigPipeHandler() {
+  struct sigaction action = {};
+  action.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
+  action.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
+  sigaction(SIGPIPE, &action, nullptr);
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   DefuseSignalHandlers();
+  InstallSigPipeHandler();
 
   atrace_begin(ATRACE_TAG, "before reparent");
   pid_t target_process = getppid();
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/open_files_list_test.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/open_files_list_test.cpp
index d7036fd..3e920eb 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/open_files_list_test.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/open_files_list_test.cpp
@@ -20,10 +20,9 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "android-base/test_utils.h"
-
 #include "libdebuggerd/open_files_list.h"
 
 // Check that we can produce a list of open files for the current process, and
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp
index 0b8a936..1179263 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@
   _LOG(log, logtype::HEADER, "ABI: '%s'\n", ABI_STRING);
 }
 
-static void dump_probable_cause(log_t* log, const siginfo_t* si) {
+static void dump_probable_cause(log_t* log, const siginfo_t* si, BacktraceMap* map) {
   std::string cause;
   if (si->si_signo == SIGSEGV && si->si_code == SEGV_MAPERR) {
     if (si->si_addr < reinterpret_cast<void*>(4096)) {
@@ -94,6 +94,14 @@
     } else if (si->si_addr == reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xffff0f60)) {
       cause = "call to kuser_cmpxchg64";
     }
+  } else if (si->si_signo == SIGSEGV && si->si_code == SEGV_ACCERR) {
+    for (auto it = map->begin(); it != map->end(); ++it) {
+      const backtrace_map_t* entry = *it;
+      if (si->si_addr >= reinterpret_cast<void*>(entry->start) &&
+          si->si_addr < reinterpret_cast<void*>(entry->end) && entry->flags == PROT_EXEC) {
+        cause = "execute-only (no-read) memory access error; likely due to data in .text.";
+      }
+    }
   } else if (si->si_signo == SIGSYS && si->si_code == SYS_SECCOMP) {
     cause = StringPrintf("seccomp prevented call to disallowed %s system call %d", ABI_STRING,
                          si->si_syscall);
@@ -125,8 +133,6 @@
   _LOG(log, logtype::HEADER, "signal %d (%s), code %d (%s%s), fault addr %s\n",
        thread_info.siginfo->si_signo, get_signame(thread_info.siginfo),
        thread_info.siginfo->si_code, get_sigcode(thread_info.siginfo), sender_desc, addr_desc);
-
-  dump_probable_cause(log, thread_info.siginfo);
 }
 
 static void dump_thread_info(log_t* log, const ThreadInfo& thread_info) {
@@ -426,6 +432,7 @@
 
   if (thread_info.siginfo) {
     dump_signal_info(log, thread_info, process_memory);
+    dump_probable_cause(log, thread_info.siginfo, map);
   }
 
   if (primary_thread) {
diff --git a/fastboot/Android.bp b/fastboot/Android.bp
index 50d18ed..8006c41 100644
--- a/fastboot/Android.bp
+++ b/fastboot/Android.bp
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
         "libgtest_main",
         "libbase",
         "libadb_host",
+        "liblp",
     ],
 
     header_libs: [
@@ -173,6 +174,11 @@
 
             host_ldlibs: ["-lws2_32"],
         },
+        not_windows: {
+            static_libs: [
+                "libext4_utils",
+            ],
+        },
     },
 
     stl: "libc++_static",
@@ -193,6 +199,8 @@
         "libbase",
         "libcutils",
         "libgtest_host",
+        "liblp",
+        "libcrypto",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -252,6 +260,13 @@
         "mke2fs",
         "make_f2fs",
     ],
+    dist: {
+        targets: [
+            "dist_files",
+            "sdk",
+            "win_sdk",
+        ],
+    },
 
     target: {
         not_windows: {
diff --git a/fastboot/Android.mk b/fastboot/Android.mk
index e4c1317..17ec392 100644
--- a/fastboot/Android.mk
+++ b/fastboot/Android.mk
@@ -18,13 +18,9 @@
 # Package fastboot-related executables.
 #
 
-my_dist_files := $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/fastboot
-my_dist_files += $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/mke2fs
+my_dist_files := $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/mke2fs
 my_dist_files += $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/e2fsdroid
 my_dist_files += $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/make_f2fs
 my_dist_files += $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/sload_f2fs
 $(call dist-for-goals,dist_files sdk win_sdk,$(my_dist_files))
-ifdef HOST_CROSS_OS
-$(call dist-for-goals,dist_files sdk win_sdk,$(ALL_MODULES.host_cross_fastboot.BUILT))
-endif
 my_dist_files :=
diff --git a/fastboot/constants.h b/fastboot/constants.h
index 705da33..81f0560 100644
--- a/fastboot/constants.h
+++ b/fastboot/constants.h
@@ -64,3 +64,4 @@
 #define FB_VAR_OFF_MODE_CHARGE_STATE "off-mode-charge"
 #define FB_VAR_BATTERY_VOLTAGE "battery-voltage"
 #define FB_VAR_BATTERY_SOC_OK "battery-soc-ok"
+#define FB_VAR_SUPER_PARTITION_NAME "super-partition-name"
diff --git a/fastboot/device/commands.cpp b/fastboot/device/commands.cpp
index 6e45133..71d2a1d 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/commands.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/device/commands.cpp
@@ -99,7 +99,8 @@
             {FB_VAR_OFF_MODE_CHARGE_STATE, {GetOffModeChargeState, nullptr}},
             {FB_VAR_BATTERY_VOLTAGE, {GetBatteryVoltage, nullptr}},
             {FB_VAR_BATTERY_SOC_OK, {GetBatterySoCOk, nullptr}},
-            {FB_VAR_HW_REVISION, {GetHardwareRevision, nullptr}}};
+            {FB_VAR_HW_REVISION, {GetHardwareRevision, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_SUPER_PARTITION_NAME, {GetSuperPartitionName, nullptr}}};
 
     if (args.size() < 2) {
         return device->WriteFail("Missing argument");
@@ -321,7 +322,7 @@
 // partition table to the same place it was read.
 class PartitionBuilder {
   public:
-    explicit PartitionBuilder(FastbootDevice* device);
+    explicit PartitionBuilder(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& partition_name);
 
     bool Write();
     bool Valid() const { return !!builder_; }
@@ -333,15 +334,14 @@
     std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder_;
 };
 
-PartitionBuilder::PartitionBuilder(FastbootDevice* device) {
-    auto super_device = FindPhysicalPartition(fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name());
+PartitionBuilder::PartitionBuilder(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& partition_name) {
+    std::string slot_suffix = GetSuperSlotSuffix(device, partition_name);
+    slot_number_ = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(slot_suffix);
+    auto super_device = FindPhysicalPartition(fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(slot_number_));
     if (!super_device) {
         return;
     }
     super_device_ = *super_device;
-
-    std::string slot = device->GetCurrentSlot();
-    slot_number_ = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(slot);
     builder_ = MetadataBuilder::New(super_device_, slot_number_);
 }
 
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@
     if (!metadata) {
         return false;
     }
-    return UpdatePartitionTable(super_device_, *metadata.get(), slot_number_);
+    return UpdateAllPartitionMetadata(super_device_, *metadata.get());
 }
 
 bool CreatePartitionHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@
         return device->WriteFail("Invalid partition size");
     }
 
-    PartitionBuilder builder(device);
+    PartitionBuilder builder(device, partition_name);
     if (!builder.Valid()) {
         return device->WriteFail("Could not open super partition");
     }
@@ -400,11 +400,13 @@
         return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Command not available on locked devices");
     }
 
-    PartitionBuilder builder(device);
+    std::string partition_name = args[1];
+
+    PartitionBuilder builder(device, partition_name);
     if (!builder.Valid()) {
         return device->WriteFail("Could not open super partition");
     }
-    builder->RemovePartition(args[1]);
+    builder->RemovePartition(partition_name);
     if (!builder.Write()) {
         return device->WriteFail("Failed to write partition table");
     }
@@ -426,7 +428,7 @@
         return device->WriteFail("Invalid partition size");
     }
 
-    PartitionBuilder builder(device);
+    PartitionBuilder builder(device, partition_name);
     if (!builder.Valid()) {
         return device->WriteFail("Could not open super partition");
     }
diff --git a/fastboot/device/flashing.cpp b/fastboot/device/flashing.cpp
index 66b90bf..fbba631 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/flashing.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/device/flashing.cpp
@@ -148,21 +148,45 @@
     // image.
     std::string slot_suffix = device->GetCurrentSlot();
     uint32_t slot_number = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(slot_suffix);
-    if (wipe || !ReadMetadata(super_name, slot_number)) {
+    std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> old_metadata = ReadMetadata(super_name, slot_number);
+    if (wipe || !old_metadata) {
         if (!FlashPartitionTable(super_name, *new_metadata.get())) {
             return device->WriteFail("Unable to flash new partition table");
         }
+        fs_mgr_overlayfs_teardown();
         return device->WriteOkay("Successfully flashed partition table");
     }
 
-    // Write the new table to every metadata slot.
-    bool ok = true;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < new_metadata->geometry.metadata_slot_count; i++) {
-        ok &= UpdatePartitionTable(super_name, *new_metadata.get(), i);
+    std::set<std::string> partitions_to_keep;
+    for (const auto& partition : old_metadata->partitions) {
+        // Preserve partitions in the other slot, but not the current slot.
+        std::string partition_name = GetPartitionName(partition);
+        if (!slot_suffix.empty() && GetPartitionSlotSuffix(partition_name) == slot_suffix) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        partitions_to_keep.emplace(partition_name);
     }
 
-    if (!ok) {
+    // Do not preserve the scratch partition.
+    partitions_to_keep.erase("scratch");
+
+    if (!partitions_to_keep.empty()) {
+        std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(*new_metadata.get());
+        if (!builder->ImportPartitions(*old_metadata.get(), partitions_to_keep)) {
+            return device->WriteFail(
+                    "Old partitions are not compatible with the new super layout; wipe needed");
+        }
+
+        new_metadata = builder->Export();
+        if (!new_metadata) {
+            return device->WriteFail("Unable to build new partition table; wipe needed");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Write the new table to every metadata slot.
+    if (!UpdateAllPartitionMetadata(super_name, *new_metadata.get())) {
         return device->WriteFail("Unable to write new partition table");
     }
+    fs_mgr_overlayfs_teardown();
     return device->WriteOkay("Successfully updated partition table");
 }
diff --git a/fastboot/device/utility.cpp b/fastboot/device/utility.cpp
index b844b9f..2ae9ac5 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/utility.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/device/utility.cpp
@@ -23,9 +23,11 @@
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <fs_mgr.h>
 #include <fs_mgr_dm_linear.h>
+#include <liblp/builder.h>
 #include <liblp/liblp.h>
 
 #include "fastboot_device.h"
@@ -35,7 +37,9 @@
 using android::base::unique_fd;
 using android::hardware::boot::V1_0::Slot;
 
-static bool OpenPhysicalPartition(const std::string& name, PartitionHandle* handle) {
+namespace {
+
+bool OpenPhysicalPartition(const std::string& name, PartitionHandle* handle) {
     std::optional<std::string> path = FindPhysicalPartition(name);
     if (!path) {
         return false;
@@ -44,28 +48,31 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool OpenLogicalPartition(const std::string& name, const std::string& slot,
-                                 PartitionHandle* handle) {
-    std::optional<std::string> path = FindPhysicalPartition(fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name());
+bool OpenLogicalPartition(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& partition_name,
+                          PartitionHandle* handle) {
+    std::string slot_suffix = GetSuperSlotSuffix(device, partition_name);
+    uint32_t slot_number = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(slot_suffix);
+    auto path = FindPhysicalPartition(fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(slot_number));
     if (!path) {
         return false;
     }
-    uint32_t slot_number = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(slot);
     std::string dm_path;
-    if (!CreateLogicalPartition(path->c_str(), slot_number, name, true, 5s, &dm_path)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not map partition: " << name;
+    if (!CreateLogicalPartition(path->c_str(), slot_number, partition_name, true, 5s, &dm_path)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not map partition: " << partition_name;
         return false;
     }
-    auto closer = [name]() -> void { DestroyLogicalPartition(name, 5s); };
+    auto closer = [partition_name]() -> void { DestroyLogicalPartition(partition_name, 5s); };
     *handle = PartitionHandle(dm_path, std::move(closer));
     return true;
 }
 
+}  // namespace
+
 bool OpenPartition(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& name, PartitionHandle* handle) {
     // We prioritize logical partitions over physical ones, and do this
     // consistently for other partition operations (like getvar:partition-size).
-    if (LogicalPartitionExists(name, device->GetCurrentSlot())) {
-        if (!OpenLogicalPartition(name, device->GetCurrentSlot(), handle)) {
+    if (LogicalPartitionExists(device, name)) {
+        if (!OpenLogicalPartition(device, name, handle)) {
             return false;
         }
     } else if (!OpenPhysicalPartition(name, handle)) {
@@ -104,14 +111,14 @@
     return nullptr;
 }
 
-bool LogicalPartitionExists(const std::string& name, const std::string& slot_suffix,
-                            bool* is_zero_length) {
-    auto path = FindPhysicalPartition(fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name());
+bool LogicalPartitionExists(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& name, bool* is_zero_length) {
+    std::string slot_suffix = GetSuperSlotSuffix(device, name);
+    uint32_t slot_number = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(slot_suffix);
+    auto path = FindPhysicalPartition(fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(slot_number));
     if (!path) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    uint32_t slot_number = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(slot_suffix);
     std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = ReadMetadata(path->c_str(), slot_number);
     if (!metadata) {
         return false;
@@ -154,12 +161,29 @@
         }
     }
 
-    // Next get logical partitions.
-    if (auto path = FindPhysicalPartition(fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name())) {
-        uint32_t slot_number = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(device->GetCurrentSlot());
-        if (auto metadata = ReadMetadata(path->c_str(), slot_number)) {
-            for (const auto& partition : metadata->partitions) {
-                std::string partition_name = GetPartitionName(partition);
+    // Find metadata in each super partition (on retrofit devices, there will
+    // be two).
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata>> metadata_list;
+
+    uint32_t current_slot = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(device->GetCurrentSlot());
+    std::string super_name = fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(current_slot);
+    if (auto metadata = ReadMetadata(super_name, current_slot)) {
+        metadata_list.emplace_back(std::move(metadata));
+    }
+
+    uint32_t other_slot = (current_slot == 0) ? 1 : 0;
+    std::string other_super = fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(other_slot);
+    if (super_name != other_super) {
+        if (auto metadata = ReadMetadata(other_super, other_slot)) {
+            metadata_list.emplace_back(std::move(metadata));
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& metadata : metadata_list) {
+        for (const auto& partition : metadata->partitions) {
+            std::string partition_name = GetPartitionName(partition);
+            if (std::find(partitions.begin(), partitions.end(), partition_name) ==
+                partitions.end()) {
                 partitions.emplace_back(partition_name);
             }
         }
@@ -175,3 +199,30 @@
     }
     return cmdline.find("androidboot.verifiedbootstate=orange") == std::string::npos;
 }
+
+bool UpdateAllPartitionMetadata(const std::string& super_name,
+                                const android::fs_mgr::LpMetadata& metadata) {
+    bool ok = true;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < metadata.geometry.metadata_slot_count; i++) {
+        ok &= UpdatePartitionTable(super_name, metadata, i);
+    }
+    return ok;
+}
+
+std::string GetSuperSlotSuffix(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& partition_name) {
+    // If the super partition does not have a slot suffix, this is not a
+    // retrofit device, and we should take the current slot.
+    std::string current_slot_suffix = device->GetCurrentSlot();
+    uint32_t current_slot_number = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(current_slot_suffix);
+    std::string super_partition = fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(current_slot_number);
+    if (GetPartitionSlotSuffix(super_partition).empty()) {
+        return current_slot_suffix;
+    }
+
+    // Otherwise, infer the slot from the partition name.
+    std::string slot_suffix = GetPartitionSlotSuffix(partition_name);
+    if (!slot_suffix.empty()) {
+        return slot_suffix;
+    }
+    return current_slot_suffix;
+}
diff --git a/fastboot/device/utility.h b/fastboot/device/utility.h
index bb08f72..4c6aa07 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/utility.h
+++ b/fastboot/device/utility.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <android/hardware/boot/1.0/IBootControl.h>
+#include <liblp/liblp.h>
 
 // Logical partitions are only mapped to a block device as needed, and
 // immediately unmapped when no longer needed. In order to enforce this we
@@ -52,10 +53,20 @@
 
 class FastbootDevice;
 
+// On normal devices, the super partition is always named "super". On retrofit
+// devices, the name must be derived from the partition name or current slot.
+// This helper assists in choosing the correct super for a given partition
+// name.
+std::string GetSuperSlotSuffix(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& partition_name);
+
 std::optional<std::string> FindPhysicalPartition(const std::string& name);
-bool LogicalPartitionExists(const std::string& name, const std::string& slot_suffix,
+bool LogicalPartitionExists(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& name,
                             bool* is_zero_length = nullptr);
 bool OpenPartition(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& name, PartitionHandle* handle);
 bool GetSlotNumber(const std::string& slot, android::hardware::boot::V1_0::Slot* number);
 std::vector<std::string> ListPartitions(FastbootDevice* device);
 bool GetDeviceLockStatus();
+
+// Update all copies of metadata.
+bool UpdateAllPartitionMetadata(const std::string& super_name,
+                                const android::fs_mgr::LpMetadata& metadata);
diff --git a/fastboot/device/variables.cpp b/fastboot/device/variables.cpp
index cbd2856..130a3cf 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/variables.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/device/variables.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4_utils.h>
+#include <fs_mgr.h>
 #include <healthhalutils/HealthHalUtils.h>
+#include <liblp/liblp.h>
 
 #include "fastboot_device.h"
 #include "flashing.h"
@@ -35,6 +37,7 @@
 using ::android::hardware::fastboot::V1_0::FileSystemType;
 using ::android::hardware::fastboot::V1_0::Result;
 using ::android::hardware::fastboot::V1_0::Status;
+using namespace android::fs_mgr;
 
 constexpr char kFastbootProtocolVersion[] = "0.4";
 
@@ -268,8 +271,7 @@
         return true;
     }
     std::string partition_name = args[0] + slot_suffix;
-    if (FindPhysicalPartition(partition_name) ||
-        LogicalPartitionExists(partition_name, slot_suffix)) {
+    if (FindPhysicalPartition(partition_name) || LogicalPartitionExists(device, partition_name)) {
         *message = "yes";
     } else {
         *message = "no";
@@ -286,8 +288,7 @@
     // Zero-length partitions cannot be created through device-mapper, so we
     // special case them here.
     bool is_zero_length;
-    if (LogicalPartitionExists(args[0], device->GetCurrentSlot(), &is_zero_length) &&
-        is_zero_length) {
+    if (LogicalPartitionExists(device, args[0], &is_zero_length) && is_zero_length) {
         *message = "0x0";
         return true;
     }
@@ -310,8 +311,7 @@
     }
 
     std::string partition_name = args[0];
-    if (!FindPhysicalPartition(partition_name) &&
-        !LogicalPartitionExists(partition_name, device->GetCurrentSlot())) {
+    if (!FindPhysicalPartition(partition_name) && !LogicalPartitionExists(device, partition_name)) {
         *message = "Invalid partition";
         return false;
     }
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@
     // return "true", to be consistent with prefering to flash logical partitions
     // over physical ones.
     std::string partition_name = args[0];
-    if (LogicalPartitionExists(partition_name, device->GetCurrentSlot())) {
+    if (LogicalPartitionExists(device, partition_name)) {
         *message = "yes";
         return true;
     }
@@ -417,3 +417,10 @@
     *message = android::base::GetProperty("ro.revision", "");
     return true;
 }
+
+bool GetSuperPartitionName(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                           std::string* message) {
+    uint32_t slot_number = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(device->GetCurrentSlot());
+    *message = fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(slot_number);
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/fastboot/device/variables.h b/fastboot/device/variables.h
index 59b71e8..015a4c5 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/variables.h
+++ b/fastboot/device/variables.h
@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@
                        std::string* message);
 bool GetBatterySoCOk(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
                      std::string* message);
+bool GetSuperPartitionName(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                           std::string* message);
 
 // Helpers for getvar all.
 std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> GetAllPartitionArgsWithSlot(FastbootDevice* device);
diff --git a/fastboot/fastboot.cpp b/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
index 3c6b1b7..fee0857 100644
--- a/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 #include <chrono>
 #include <functional>
 #include <regex>
+#include <string>
 #include <thread>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
@@ -56,9 +57,9 @@
 #include <android-base/parsenetaddress.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <build/version.h>
+#include <liblp/liblp.h>
 #include <platform_tools_version.h>
 #include <sparse/sparse.h>
 #include <ziparchive/zip_archive.h>
@@ -78,6 +79,7 @@
 using android::base::Split;
 using android::base::Trim;
 using android::base::unique_fd;
+using namespace std::string_literals;
 
 static const char* serial = nullptr;
 
@@ -162,9 +164,17 @@
         // clang-format on
 };
 
-static std::string find_item_given_name(const std::string& img_name) {
+static char* get_android_product_out() {
     char* dir = getenv("ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT");
     if (dir == nullptr || dir[0] == '\0') {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return dir;
+}
+
+static std::string find_item_given_name(const std::string& img_name) {
+    char* dir = get_android_product_out();
+    if (!dir) {
         die("ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT not set");
     }
     return std::string(dir) + "/" + img_name;
@@ -408,6 +418,7 @@
             " -s SERIAL                  Specify a USB device.\n"
             " -s tcp|udp:HOST[:PORT]     Specify a network device.\n"
             " -S SIZE[K|M|G]             Break into sparse files no larger than SIZE.\n"
+            " --force                    Force a flash operation that may be unsafe.\n"
             " --slot SLOT                Use SLOT; 'all' for both slots, 'other' for\n"
             "                            non-current slot (default: current active slot).\n"
             " --set-active[=SLOT]        Sets the active slot before rebooting.\n"
@@ -1097,6 +1108,14 @@
     return fb->GetVar("is-logical:" + partition, &value) == fastboot::SUCCESS && value == "yes";
 }
 
+static bool is_retrofit_device() {
+    std::string value;
+    if (fb->GetVar("super-partition-name", &value) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return android::base::StartsWith(value, "system_");
+}
+
 static void do_flash(const char* pname, const char* fname) {
     struct fastboot_buffer buf;
 
@@ -1129,25 +1148,6 @@
     return fb->GetVar("is-userspace", &value) == fastboot::SUCCESS && value == "yes";
 }
 
-static bool if_partition_exists(const std::string& partition, const std::string& slot) {
-    std::string has_slot;
-    std::string partition_name = partition;
-
-    if (fb->GetVar("has-slot:" + partition, &has_slot) == fastboot::SUCCESS && has_slot == "yes") {
-        if (slot == "") {
-            std::string current_slot = get_current_slot();
-            if (current_slot == "") {
-                die("Failed to identify current slot");
-            }
-            partition_name += "_" + current_slot;
-        } else {
-            partition_name += "_" + slot;
-        }
-    }
-    std::string partition_size;
-    return fb->GetVar("partition-size:" + partition_name, &partition_size) == fastboot::SUCCESS;
-}
-
 static void reboot_to_userspace_fastboot() {
     fb->RebootTo("fastboot");
 
@@ -1200,6 +1200,15 @@
 void FlashAllTool::Flash() {
     DumpInfo();
     CheckRequirements();
+
+    // Change the slot first, so we boot into the correct recovery image when
+    // using fastbootd.
+    if (slot_override_ == "all") {
+        set_active("a");
+    } else {
+        set_active(slot_override_);
+    }
+
     DetermineSecondarySlot();
     CollectImages();
 
@@ -1223,12 +1232,6 @@
 
     // Flash OS images, resizing logical partitions as needed.
     FlashImages(os_images_);
-
-    if (slot_override_ == "all") {
-        set_active("a");
-    } else {
-        set_active(slot_override_);
-    }
 }
 
 void FlashAllTool::CheckRequirements() {
@@ -1243,7 +1246,7 @@
     if (skip_secondary_) {
         return;
     }
-    if (slot_override_ != "") {
+    if (slot_override_ != "" && slot_override_ != "all") {
         secondary_slot_ = get_other_slot(slot_override_);
     } else {
         secondary_slot_ = get_other_slot();
@@ -1304,10 +1307,6 @@
 }
 
 void FlashAllTool::UpdateSuperPartition() {
-    if (!if_partition_exists("super", "")) {
-        return;
-    }
-
     int fd = source_.OpenFile("super_empty.img");
     if (fd < 0) {
         return;
@@ -1318,13 +1317,31 @@
     if (!is_userspace_fastboot()) {
         die("Failed to boot into userspace; one or more components might be unbootable.");
     }
-    fb->Download("super", fd, get_file_size(fd));
 
-    std::string command = "update-super:super";
+    std::string super_name;
+    if (fb->GetVar("super-partition-name", &super_name) != fastboot::RetCode::SUCCESS) {
+        super_name = "super";
+    }
+    fb->Download(super_name, fd, get_file_size(fd));
+
+    std::string command = "update-super:" + super_name;
     if (wipe_) {
         command += ":wipe";
     }
     fb->RawCommand(command, "Updating super partition");
+
+    // Retrofit devices have two super partitions, named super_a and super_b.
+    // On these devices, secondary slots must be flashed as physical
+    // partitions (otherwise they would not mount on first boot). To enforce
+    // this, we delete any logical partitions for the "other" slot.
+    if (is_retrofit_device()) {
+        for (const auto& [image, slot] : os_images_) {
+            std::string partition_name = image->part_name + "_"s + slot;
+            if (image->IsSecondary() && is_logical(partition_name)) {
+                fb->DeletePartition(partition_name);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 class ZipImageSource final : public ImageSource {
@@ -1480,15 +1497,13 @@
             fprintf(stderr, "File system type %s not supported.\n", partition_type.c_str());
             return;
         }
-        fprintf(stderr, "Formatting is not supported for file system with type '%s'.\n",
-                partition_type.c_str());
-        return;
+        die("Formatting is not supported for file system with type '%s'.",
+            partition_type.c_str());
     }
 
     int64_t size;
     if (!android::base::ParseInt(partition_size, &size)) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't parse partition size '%s'.\n", partition_size.c_str());
-        return;
+        die("Couldn't parse partition size '%s'.", partition_size.c_str());
     }
 
     unsigned eraseBlkSize, logicalBlkSize;
@@ -1498,17 +1513,14 @@
     if (fs_generator_generate(gen, output.path, size, initial_dir,
             eraseBlkSize, logicalBlkSize)) {
         die("Cannot generate image for %s", partition.c_str());
-        return;
     }
 
     fd.reset(open(output.path, O_RDONLY));
     if (fd == -1) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open generated image: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-        return;
+        die("Cannot open generated image: %s", strerror(errno));
     }
     if (!load_buf_fd(fd.release(), &buf)) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read image: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-        return;
+        die("Cannot read image: %s", strerror(errno));
     }
     flash_buf(partition, &buf);
     return;
@@ -1519,6 +1531,37 @@
         if (errMsg) fprintf(stderr, "%s", errMsg);
     }
     fprintf(stderr, "FAILED (%s)\n", fb->Error().c_str());
+    if (!skip_if_not_supported) {
+        die("Command failed");
+    }
+}
+
+static bool should_flash_in_userspace(const std::string& partition_name) {
+    if (!get_android_product_out()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    auto path = find_item_given_name("super_empty.img");
+    if (path.empty()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    auto metadata = android::fs_mgr::ReadFromImageFile(path);
+    if (!metadata) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (const auto& partition : metadata->partitions) {
+        auto candidate = android::fs_mgr::GetPartitionName(partition);
+        if (partition.attributes & LP_PARTITION_ATTR_SLOT_SUFFIXED) {
+            // On retrofit devices, we don't know if, or whether, the A or B
+            // slot has been flashed for dynamic partitions. Instead we add
+            // both names to the list as a conservative guess.
+            if (candidate + "_a" == partition_name || candidate + "_b" == partition_name) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        } else if (candidate == partition_name) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
 }
 
 int FastBootTool::Main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
@@ -1531,6 +1574,7 @@
     bool wants_set_active = false;
     bool skip_secondary = false;
     bool set_fbe_marker = false;
+    bool force_flash = false;
     int longindex;
     std::string slot_override;
     std::string next_active;
@@ -1546,6 +1590,7 @@
         {"cmdline", required_argument, 0, 0},
         {"disable-verification", no_argument, 0, 0},
         {"disable-verity", no_argument, 0, 0},
+        {"force", no_argument, 0, 0},
         {"header-version", required_argument, 0, 0},
         {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
         {"kernel-offset", required_argument, 0, 0},
@@ -1581,6 +1626,8 @@
                 g_disable_verification = true;
             } else if (name == "disable-verity") {
                 g_disable_verity = true;
+            } else if (name == "force") {
+                force_flash = true;
             } else if (name == "header-version") {
                 g_boot_img_hdr.header_version = strtoul(optarg, nullptr, 0);
             } else if (name == "kernel-offset") {
@@ -1795,6 +1842,16 @@
             if (fname.empty()) die("cannot determine image filename for '%s'", pname.c_str());
 
             auto flash = [&](const std::string &partition) {
+                if (should_flash_in_userspace(partition) && !is_userspace_fastboot() &&
+                    !force_flash) {
+                    die("The partition you are trying to flash is dynamic, and "
+                        "should be flashed via fastbootd. Please run:\n"
+                        "\n"
+                        "    fastboot reboot fastboot\n"
+                        "\n"
+                        "And try again. If you are intentionally trying to "
+                        "overwrite a fixed partition, use --force.");
+                }
                 do_flash(partition.c_str(), fname.c_str());
             };
             do_for_partitions(pname.c_str(), slot_override, flash, true);
diff --git a/fastboot/fs.cpp b/fastboot/fs.cpp
index fc6a16b..8c0aa6b 100644
--- a/fastboot/fs.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fs.cpp
@@ -172,13 +172,8 @@
     mkf2fs_args.push_back("-S");
     std::string size_str = std::to_string(partSize);
     mkf2fs_args.push_back(size_str.c_str());
-    mkf2fs_args.push_back("-f");
-    mkf2fs_args.push_back("-O");
-    mkf2fs_args.push_back("encrypt");
-    mkf2fs_args.push_back("-O");
-    mkf2fs_args.push_back("quota");
-    mkf2fs_args.push_back("-O");
-    mkf2fs_args.push_back("verity");
+    mkf2fs_args.push_back("-g");
+    mkf2fs_args.push_back("android");
     mkf2fs_args.push_back(fileName);
     mkf2fs_args.push_back(nullptr);
 
diff --git a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/Android.bp b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/Android.bp
index 301534b..277cc3a 100644
--- a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/Android.bp
+++ b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/Android.bp
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@
     "libadb_host",
     "libtinyxml2",
     "libsparse",
+    "liblp",
+    "libcrypto",
+    "libext4_utils",
   ],
 
   // Static libs (libfastboot2) shared library dependencies are not transitively included
diff --git a/fastboot/usb_osx.cpp b/fastboot/usb_osx.cpp
index ed02c4a..f597f50 100644
--- a/fastboot/usb_osx.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/usb_osx.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 
     UInt8 bulkIn;
     UInt8 bulkOut;
-    IOUSBInterfaceInterface190 **interface;
+    IOUSBInterfaceInterface500** interface;
     unsigned int zero_mask;
 };
 
@@ -86,13 +86,13 @@
 
 /** Try out all the interfaces and see if there's a match. Returns 0 on
  * success, -1 on failure. */
-static int try_interfaces(IOUSBDeviceInterface182 **dev, usb_handle *handle) {
+static int try_interfaces(IOUSBDeviceInterface500** dev, usb_handle* handle) {
     IOReturn kr;
     IOUSBFindInterfaceRequest request;
     io_iterator_t iterator;
     io_service_t usbInterface;
     IOCFPlugInInterface **plugInInterface;
-    IOUSBInterfaceInterface190 **interface = NULL;
+    IOUSBInterfaceInterface500** interface = NULL;
     HRESULT result;
     SInt32 score;
     UInt8 interfaceNumEndpoints;
@@ -128,10 +128,10 @@
         }
 
         // Now create the interface interface for the interface
-        result = (*plugInInterface)->QueryInterface(
-                plugInInterface,
-                CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBInterfaceInterfaceID),
-                (LPVOID*) &interface);
+        result = (*plugInInterface)
+                         ->QueryInterface(plugInInterface,
+                                          CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBInterfaceInterfaceID500),
+                                          (LPVOID*)&interface);
 
         // No longer need the intermediate plugin
         (*plugInInterface)->Release(plugInInterface);
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
 static int try_device(io_service_t device, usb_handle *handle) {
     kern_return_t kr;
     IOCFPlugInInterface **plugin = NULL;
-    IOUSBDeviceInterface182 **dev = NULL;
+    IOUSBDeviceInterface500** dev = NULL;
     SInt32 score;
     HRESULT result;
     UInt8 serialIndex;
@@ -287,8 +287,8 @@
     }
 
     // Now create the device interface.
-    result = (*plugin)->QueryInterface(plugin,
-            CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBDeviceInterfaceID), (LPVOID*) &dev);
+    result = (*plugin)->QueryInterface(plugin, CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBDeviceInterfaceID500),
+                                       (LPVOID*)&dev);
     if ((result != 0) || (dev == NULL)) {
         ERR("Couldn't create a device interface (%08x)\n", (int) result);
         goto error;
diff --git a/fs_mgr/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/Android.bp
index 6c8a943..f150af3 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/Android.bp
@@ -42,8 +42,6 @@
         "fs_mgr.cpp",
         "fs_mgr_format.cpp",
         "fs_mgr_verity.cpp",
-        "fs_mgr_avb.cpp",
-        "fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp",
         "fs_mgr_dm_linear.cpp",
         "fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp",
         "fs_mgr_vendor_overlay.cpp",
@@ -61,10 +59,12 @@
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libavb",
+        "libfs_avb",
         "libfstab",
         "libdm",
     ],
     export_static_lib_headers: [
+        "libfs_avb",
         "libfstab",
         "libdm",
     ],
@@ -104,3 +104,28 @@
     export_include_dirs: ["include_fstab"],
     header_libs: ["libbase_headers"],
 }
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libfs_avb",
+    defaults: ["fs_mgr_defaults"],
+    recovery_available: true,
+    export_include_dirs: ["libfs_avb/include"],
+    srcs: [
+        "libfs_avb/avb_ops.cpp",
+        "libfs_avb/fs_avb.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libavb",
+        "libfstab",
+        "libdm",
+    ],
+    export_static_lib_headers: [
+        "libfstab",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libcrypto",
+    ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "libbase_headers",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/README.overlayfs.md b/fs_mgr/README.overlayfs.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d715d7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/README.overlayfs.md
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+Android Overlayfs integration with adb remount
+==============================================
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+Users working with userdebug or eng builds expect to be able to
+remount the system partition as read-write and then add or modify
+any number of files without reflashing the system image, which is
+understandably efficient for a development cycle.
+Limited memory systems that chose to use readonly filesystems like
+*squashfs*, or *Logical Resizable Android Partitions* which land
+system partition images right-sized, and with filesystem that have
+been deduped on the block level to compress the content; means that
+either a remount is not possible directly, or when done offers
+little or no utility because of remaining space limitations or
+support logistics.
+
+*Overlayfs* comes to the rescue for these debug scenarios, and logic
+will _automatically_ setup backing storage for a writable filesystem
+as an upper reference, and mount overtop the lower.  These actions
+will be performed in the **adb disable-verity** and **adb remount**
+requests.
+
+Operations
+----------
+
+### Cookbook
+
+The typical action to utilize the remount facility is:
+
+    $ adb root
+    $ adb disable-verity
+    $ adb reboot
+    $ adb wait-for-device
+    $ adb root
+    $ adb remount
+
+Followed by one of the following:
+
+    $ adb stop
+    $ adb sync
+    $ adb start
+    $ adb reboot
+
+*or*
+
+    $ adb push <source> <destination>
+    $ adb reboot
+
+Note that the sequence above:
+
+    $ adb disable-verity
+    $ adb reboot
+
+can be replaced with:
+
+    $ adb reboot -R
+
+which will not reboot if everything is already prepared and ready
+to go.
+
+None of this changes if *overlayfs* needs to be engaged.
+The decisions whether to use traditional direct filesystem remount,
+or one wrapped by *overlayfs* is automatically determined based on
+a probe of the filesystem types and space remaining.
+
+### Backing Storage
+
+When *overlayfs* logic is feasible, it will use either the
+**/cache/overlay/** directory for non-A/B devices, or the
+**/mnt/scratch/overlay** directory for A/B devices that have
+access to *Logical Resizeable Android Partitions*.
+The backing store is used as soon as possible in the boot
+process and can occur at first stage init, or at the
+mount_all init rc commands.
+
+This early as possible attachment of *overlayfs* means that
+*sepolicy* or *init* itself can also be pushed and used after
+the exec phases that accompany each stage.
+
+Caveats
+-------
+
+- Space used in the backing storage is on a file by file basis
+  and will require more space than if updated in place.
+- Kernel must have CONFIG_OVERLAY_FS=y and will need to be patched
+  with "*overlayfs: override_creds=off option bypass creator_cred*"
+  if higher than 4.6.
+- *adb enable-verity* will free up overlayfs and as a bonus the
+  device will be reverted pristine to before any content was updated.
+- File bugs or submit fixes for review.
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
index ae2e2fe..6f863ad 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
 #include <libgen.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <functional>
+#include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
@@ -53,6 +55,7 @@
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4_sb.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4_utils.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/wipe.h>
+#include <fs_avb/fs_avb.h>
 #include <fs_mgr_overlayfs.h>
 #include <libdm/dm.h>
 #include <liblp/metadata_format.h>
@@ -62,7 +65,6 @@
 #include <log/log_properties.h>
 #include <logwrap/logwrap.h>
 
-#include "fs_mgr_avb.h"
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
 
 #define KEY_LOC_PROP   "ro.crypto.keyfile.userdata"
@@ -80,8 +82,12 @@
 
 #define ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof(*(a)))
 
+using android::base::Realpath;
 using android::dm::DeviceMapper;
 using android::dm::DmDeviceState;
+using android::fs_mgr::AvbHandle;
+using android::fs_mgr::AvbHashtreeResult;
+using android::fs_mgr::AvbUniquePtr;
 
 // record fs stat
 enum FsStatFlags {
@@ -95,7 +101,7 @@
     FS_STAT_FULL_MOUNT_FAILED = 0x0100,
     FS_STAT_E2FSCK_FAILED = 0x0200,
     FS_STAT_E2FSCK_FS_FIXED = 0x0400,
-    FS_STAT_EXT4_INVALID_MAGIC = 0x0800,
+    FS_STAT_INVALID_MAGIC = 0x0800,
     FS_STAT_TOGGLE_QUOTAS_FAILED = 0x10000,
     FS_STAT_SET_RESERVED_BLOCKS_FAILED = 0x20000,
     FS_STAT_ENABLE_ENCRYPTION_FAILED = 0x40000,
@@ -138,6 +144,18 @@
     return fs_type == "ext4" || fs_type == "ext3" || fs_type == "ext2";
 }
 
+static bool is_f2fs(const std::string& fs_type) {
+    return fs_type == "f2fs";
+}
+
+static std::string realpath(const char* blk_device) {
+    std::string real_path;
+    if (!Realpath(blk_device, &real_path)) {
+        real_path = blk_device;
+    }
+    return real_path;
+}
+
 static bool should_force_check(int fs_stat) {
     return fs_stat &
            (FS_STAT_E2FSCK_F_ALWAYS | FS_STAT_UNCLEAN_SHUTDOWN | FS_STAT_QUOTA_ENABLED |
@@ -155,11 +173,12 @@
     const char* e2fsck_argv[] = {E2FSCK_BIN, "-y", blk_device};
     const char* e2fsck_forced_argv[] = {E2FSCK_BIN, "-f", "-y", blk_device};
 
+    if (*fs_stat & FS_STAT_INVALID_MAGIC) {  // will fail, so do not try
+        return;
+    }
+
     /* Check for the types of filesystems we know how to check */
     if (is_extfs(fs_type)) {
-        if (*fs_stat & FS_STAT_EXT4_INVALID_MAGIC) {  // will fail, so do not try
-            return;
-        }
         /*
          * First try to mount and unmount the filesystem.  We do this because
          * the kernel is more efficient than e2fsck in running the journal and
@@ -209,10 +228,10 @@
          * (e.g. recent SDK system images). Detect these and skip the check.
          */
         if (access(E2FSCK_BIN, X_OK)) {
-            LINFO << "Not running " << E2FSCK_BIN << " on " << blk_device
+            LINFO << "Not running " << E2FSCK_BIN << " on " << realpath(blk_device)
                   << " (executable not in system image)";
         } else {
-            LINFO << "Running " << E2FSCK_BIN << " on " << blk_device;
+            LINFO << "Running " << E2FSCK_BIN << " on " << realpath(blk_device);
             if (should_force_check(*fs_stat)) {
                 ret = android_fork_execvp_ext(
                     ARRAY_SIZE(e2fsck_forced_argv), const_cast<char**>(e2fsck_forced_argv), &status,
@@ -232,13 +251,9 @@
                 *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_E2FSCK_FS_FIXED;
             }
         }
-    } else if (!strcmp(fs_type, "f2fs")) {
-            const char *f2fs_fsck_argv[] = {
-                    F2FS_FSCK_BIN,
-                    "-a",
-                    blk_device
-            };
-        LINFO << "Running " << F2FS_FSCK_BIN << " -a " << blk_device;
+    } else if (is_f2fs(fs_type)) {
+        const char* f2fs_fsck_argv[] = {F2FS_FSCK_BIN, "-a", blk_device};
+        LINFO << "Running " << F2FS_FSCK_BIN << " -a " << realpath(blk_device);
 
         ret = android_fork_execvp_ext(ARRAY_SIZE(f2fs_fsck_argv),
                                       const_cast<char **>(f2fs_fsck_argv),
@@ -272,7 +287,7 @@
 }
 
 // Read the primary superblock from an ext4 filesystem.  On failure return
-// false.  If it's not an ext4 filesystem, also set FS_STAT_EXT4_INVALID_MAGIC.
+// false.  If it's not an ext4 filesystem, also set FS_STAT_INVALID_MAGIC.
 static bool read_ext4_superblock(const char* blk_device, struct ext4_super_block* sb, int* fs_stat) {
     android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(blk_device, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
 
@@ -289,7 +304,7 @@
     if (!is_ext4_superblock_valid(sb)) {
         LINFO << "Invalid ext4 superblock on '" << blk_device << "'";
         // not a valid fs, tune2fs, fsck, and mount  will all fail.
-        *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_EXT4_INVALID_MAGIC;
+        *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_INVALID_MAGIC;
         return false;
     }
     *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_IS_EXT4;
@@ -417,6 +432,36 @@
     }
 }
 
+// Read the primary superblock from an f2fs filesystem.  On failure return
+// false.  If it's not an f2fs filesystem, also set FS_STAT_INVALID_MAGIC.
+#define F2FS_BLKSIZE 4096
+#define F2FS_SUPER_OFFSET 1024
+static bool read_f2fs_superblock(const char* blk_device, int* fs_stat) {
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(blk_device, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    __le32 sb1, sb2;
+
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        PERROR << "Failed to open '" << blk_device << "'";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (pread(fd, &sb1, sizeof(sb1), F2FS_SUPER_OFFSET) != sizeof(sb1)) {
+        PERROR << "Can't read '" << blk_device << "' superblock1";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (pread(fd, &sb2, sizeof(sb2), F2FS_BLKSIZE + F2FS_SUPER_OFFSET) != sizeof(sb2)) {
+        PERROR << "Can't read '" << blk_device << "' superblock2";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (sb1 != cpu_to_le32(F2FS_SUPER_MAGIC) && sb2 != cpu_to_le32(F2FS_SUPER_MAGIC)) {
+        LINFO << "Invalid f2fs superblock on '" << blk_device << "'";
+        *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_INVALID_MAGIC;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 //
 // Prepare the filesystem on the given block device to be mounted.
 //
@@ -446,6 +491,10 @@
         } else {
             return fs_stat;
         }
+    } else if (is_f2fs(rec->fs_type)) {
+        if (!read_f2fs_superblock(blk_device, &fs_stat)) {
+            return fs_stat;
+        }
     }
 
     if ((rec->fs_mgr_flags & MF_CHECK) ||
@@ -612,9 +661,10 @@
             }
 
             int fs_stat = prepare_fs_for_mount(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, &fstab->recs[i]);
-            if (fs_stat & FS_STAT_EXT4_INVALID_MAGIC) {
-                LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): skipping mount, invalid ext4, mountpoint="
-                       << fstab->recs[i].mount_point << " rec[" << i
+            if (fs_stat & FS_STAT_INVALID_MAGIC) {
+                LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): skipping mount due to invalid magic, mountpoint="
+                       << fstab->recs[i].mount_point
+                       << " blk_dev=" << realpath(fstab->recs[i].blk_device) << " rec[" << i
                        << "].fs_type=" << fstab->recs[i].fs_type;
                 mount_errno = EINVAL;  // continue bootup for FDE
                 continue;
@@ -906,7 +956,7 @@
   private:
     bool UpdateCheckpointPartition(struct fstab_rec* rec) {
         if (fs_mgr_is_checkpoint_fs(rec)) {
-            if (!strcmp(rec->fs_type, "f2fs")) {
+            if (is_f2fs(rec->fs_type)) {
                 std::string opts(rec->fs_options);
 
                 opts += ",checkpoint=disable";
@@ -973,7 +1023,7 @@
     int mount_errno = 0;
     int attempted_idx = -1;
     CheckpointManager checkpoint_manager;
-    FsManagerAvbUniquePtr avb_handle(nullptr);
+    AvbUniquePtr avb_handle(nullptr);
 
     if (!fstab) {
         return FS_MGR_MNTALL_FAIL;
@@ -997,7 +1047,7 @@
         /* Skip mounting the root partition, as it will already have been mounted */
         if (!strcmp(fstab->recs[i].mount_point, "/") ||
             !strcmp(fstab->recs[i].mount_point, "/system")) {
-            if ((fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MS_RDONLY) != 0) {
+            if ((fstab->recs[i].flags & MS_RDONLY) != 0) {
                 fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(fstab->recs[i].blk_device);
             }
             continue;
@@ -1031,14 +1081,14 @@
 
         if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_AVB) {
             if (!avb_handle) {
-                avb_handle = FsManagerAvbHandle::Open(*fstab);
+                avb_handle = AvbHandle::Open();
                 if (!avb_handle) {
-                    LERROR << "Failed to open FsManagerAvbHandle";
+                    LERROR << "Failed to open AvbHandle";
                     return FS_MGR_MNTALL_FAIL;
                 }
             }
             if (avb_handle->SetUpAvbHashtree(&fstab->recs[i], true /* wait_for_verity_dev */) ==
-                SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kFail) {
+                AvbHashtreeResult::kFail) {
                 LERROR << "Failed to set up AVB on partition: "
                        << fstab->recs[i].mount_point << ", skipping!";
                 /* Skips mounting the device. */
@@ -1099,10 +1149,9 @@
              * at two different lines in the fstab.  Use the top one for formatting
              * as that is the preferred one.
              */
-            LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): " << fstab->recs[top_idx].blk_device
-                   << " is wiped and " << fstab->recs[top_idx].mount_point
-                   << " " << fstab->recs[top_idx].fs_type
-                   << " is formattable. Format it.";
+            LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): " << realpath(fstab->recs[top_idx].blk_device)
+                   << " is wiped and " << fstab->recs[top_idx].mount_point << " "
+                   << fstab->recs[top_idx].fs_type << " is formattable. Format it.";
 
             checkpoint_manager.Revert(&fstab->recs[top_idx]);
 
@@ -1232,7 +1281,7 @@
     int first_mount_errno = 0;
     char* mount_point;
     CheckpointManager checkpoint_manager(needs_checkpoint);
-    FsManagerAvbUniquePtr avb_handle(nullptr);
+    AvbUniquePtr avb_handle(nullptr);
 
     if (!fstab) {
         return FS_MGR_DOMNT_FAILED;
@@ -1275,14 +1324,14 @@
 
         if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_AVB) {
             if (!avb_handle) {
-                avb_handle = FsManagerAvbHandle::Open(*fstab);
+                avb_handle = AvbHandle::Open();
                 if (!avb_handle) {
-                    LERROR << "Failed to open FsManagerAvbHandle";
+                    LERROR << "Failed to open AvbHandle";
                     return FS_MGR_DOMNT_FAILED;
                 }
             }
             if (avb_handle->SetUpAvbHashtree(&fstab->recs[i], true /* wait_for_verity_dev */) ==
-                SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kFail) {
+                AvbHashtreeResult::kFail) {
                 LERROR << "Failed to set up AVB on partition: "
                        << fstab->recs[i].mount_point << ", skipping!";
                 /* Skips mounting the device. */
@@ -1410,7 +1459,7 @@
                 ret = -1;
                 continue;
             }
-            fprintf(zram_fp.get(), "%u\n", fstab->recs[i].zram_size);
+            fprintf(zram_fp.get(), "%" PRId64 "\n", fstab->recs[i].zram_size);
         }
 
         if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_WAIT &&
@@ -1588,6 +1637,22 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-std::string fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(int /* slot */) {
+std::string fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(int slot) {
+    // Devices upgrading to dynamic partitions are allowed to specify a super
+    // partition name, assumed to be A/B (non-A/B retrofit is not supported).
+    // For devices launching with dynamic partition support, the partition
+    // name must be "super".
+    std::string super_partition;
+    if (fs_mgr_get_boot_config_from_kernel_cmdline("super_partition", &super_partition)) {
+        std::string suffix;
+        if (slot == 0) {
+            suffix = "_a";
+        } else if (slot == 1) {
+            suffix = "_b";
+        } else if (slot == -1) {
+            suffix = fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix();
+        }
+        return super_partition + suffix;
+    }
     return LP_METADATA_DEFAULT_PARTITION_NAME;
 }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_dm_linear.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_dm_linear.cpp
index 4dacebf..fe0e039 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_dm_linear.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_dm_linear.cpp
@@ -137,13 +137,22 @@
         LOG(ERROR) << "Could not read partition table.";
         return true;
     }
-    for (const auto& partition : metadata->partitions) {
+    return CreateLogicalPartitions(*metadata.get());
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadCurrentMetadata(const std::string& block_device) {
+    uint32_t slot = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix());
+    return ReadMetadata(block_device.c_str(), slot);
+}
+
+bool CreateLogicalPartitions(const LpMetadata& metadata) {
+    for (const auto& partition : metadata.partitions) {
         if (!partition.num_extents) {
             LINFO << "Skipping zero-length logical partition: " << GetPartitionName(partition);
             continue;
         }
         std::string path;
-        if (!CreateLogicalPartition(*metadata.get(), partition, false, {}, &path)) {
+        if (!CreateLogicalPartition(metadata, partition, false, {}, &path)) {
             LERROR << "Could not create logical partition: " << GetPartitionName(partition);
             return false;
         }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp
index 845cca9..0983663 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp
@@ -117,12 +117,7 @@
     // clang-format off
     const char* const args[] = {
         "/system/bin/make_f2fs",
-        "-d1",
-        "-f",
-        "-O", "encrypt",
-        "-O", "quota",
-        "-O", "verity",
-        "-w", "4096",
+        "-g", "android",
         fs_blkdev,
         size_str.c_str(),
         nullptr
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
index fc3a05c..52eeb83 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
@@ -42,22 +42,22 @@
     char* key_dir;
     char *verity_loc;
     char *sysfs_path;
-    long long part_length;
+    off64_t part_length;
     char *label;
     int partnum;
     int swap_prio;
     int max_comp_streams;
-    unsigned int zram_size;
-    uint64_t reserved_size;
-    unsigned int file_contents_mode;
-    unsigned int file_names_mode;
-    unsigned int erase_blk_size;
-    unsigned int logical_blk_size;
+    off64_t zram_size;
+    off64_t reserved_size;
+    int file_contents_mode;
+    int file_names_mode;
+    off64_t erase_blk_size;
+    off64_t logical_blk_size;
 };
 
 struct flag_list {
     const char *name;
-    unsigned int flag;
+    int flag;
 };
 
 static struct flag_list mount_flags[] = {
@@ -133,9 +133,8 @@
     {0, 0},
 };
 
-static unsigned int encryption_mode_to_flag(const struct flag_list *list,
-                                            const char *mode, const char *type)
-{
+static int encryption_mode_to_flag(const struct flag_list* list, const char* mode,
+                                   const char* type) {
     const struct flag_list *j;
 
     for (j = list; j->name; ++j) {
@@ -147,9 +146,7 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-static const char *flag_to_encryption_mode(const struct flag_list *list,
-                                           unsigned int flag)
-{
+static const char* flag_to_encryption_mode(const struct flag_list* list, int flag) {
     const struct flag_list *j;
 
     for (j = list; j->name; ++j) {
@@ -160,9 +157,8 @@
     return nullptr;
 }
 
-static uint64_t calculate_zram_size(unsigned int percentage)
-{
-    uint64_t total;
+static off64_t calculate_zram_size(unsigned int percentage) {
+    off64_t total;
 
     total  = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
     total *= percentage;
@@ -173,10 +169,9 @@
     return total;
 }
 
-static uint64_t parse_size(const char *arg)
-{
+static off64_t parse_size(const char* arg) {
     char *endptr;
-    uint64_t size = strtoull(arg, &endptr, 10);
+    off64_t size = strtoll(arg, &endptr, 10);
     if (*endptr == 'k' || *endptr == 'K')
         size *= 1024LL;
     else if (*endptr == 'm' || *endptr == 'M')
@@ -339,7 +334,7 @@
                      * erase block size. Get it, check that it is a power of 2 and
                      * at least 4096, and return it.
                      */
-                    auto val = strtoul(arg, NULL, 0);
+                    auto val = strtoll(arg, nullptr, 0);
                     if (val >= 4096 && (val & (val - 1)) == 0)
                         flag_vals->erase_blk_size = val;
                 } else if (flag == MF_LOGICALBLKSIZE) {
@@ -347,7 +342,7 @@
                      * logical block size. Get it, check that it is a power of 2 and
                      * at least 4096, and return it.
                      */
-                    auto val = strtoul(arg, NULL, 0);
+                    auto val = strtoll(arg, nullptr, 0);
                     if (val >= 4096 && (val & (val - 1)) == 0)
                         flag_vals->logical_blk_size = val;
                 } else if (flag == MF_SYSFS) {
@@ -403,10 +398,13 @@
 static bool is_dt_fstab_compatible() {
     std::string dt_value;
     std::string file_name = get_android_dt_dir() + "/fstab/compatible";
-    if (read_dt_file(file_name, &dt_value)) {
-        if (dt_value == "android,fstab") {
-            return true;
-        }
+
+    if (read_dt_file(file_name, &dt_value) && dt_value == "android,fstab") {
+        // If there's no status property or its set to "ok" or "okay", then we use the DT fstab.
+        std::string status_value;
+        std::string status_file_name = get_android_dt_dir() + "/fstab/status";
+        return !read_dt_file(status_file_name, &status_value) || status_value == "ok" ||
+               status_value == "okay";
     }
 
     return false;
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp
index f06b819..20652ad 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp
@@ -20,12 +20,14 @@
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
 #include <sys/param.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
 #include <sys/vfs.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
@@ -55,13 +57,17 @@
 using namespace android::dm;
 using namespace android::fs_mgr;
 
-static bool fs_mgr_access(const std::string& path) {
+namespace {
+
+bool fs_mgr_access(const std::string& path) {
     auto save_errno = errno;
     auto ret = access(path.c_str(), F_OK) == 0;
     errno = save_errno;
     return ret;
 }
 
+}  // namespace
+
 #if ALLOW_ADBD_DISABLE_VERITY == 0  // If we are a user build, provide stubs
 
 bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all(fstab*) {
@@ -217,9 +223,12 @@
 std::string fs_mgr_get_overlayfs_options(const std::string& mount_point) {
     auto candidate = fs_mgr_get_overlayfs_candidate(mount_point);
     if (candidate.empty()) return "";
-
-    return "override_creds=off," + kLowerdirOption + mount_point + "," + kUpperdirOption +
-           candidate + kUpperName + ",workdir=" + candidate + kWorkName;
+    auto ret = kLowerdirOption + mount_point + "," + kUpperdirOption + candidate + kUpperName +
+               ",workdir=" + candidate + kWorkName;
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid() == OverlayfsValidResult::kOverrideCredsRequired) {
+        ret += ",override_creds=off";
+    }
+    return ret;
 }
 
 const char* fs_mgr_mount_point(const char* mount_point) {
@@ -386,6 +395,18 @@
     return false;
 }
 
+void fs_mgr_overlayfs_umount_scratch() {
+    // Lazy umount will allow us to move on and possibly later
+    // establish a new fresh mount without requiring a reboot should
+    // the developer wish to restart.  Old references should melt
+    // away or have no data.  Main goal is to shut the door on the
+    // current overrides with an expectation of a subsequent reboot,
+    // thus any errors here are ignored.
+    umount2(kScratchMountPoint.c_str(), MNT_DETACH);
+    LINFO << "umount(" << kScratchMountPoint << ")";
+    rmdir(kScratchMountPoint.c_str());
+}
+
 // reduce 'DM_DEV_STATUS failed for scratch: No such device or address' noise
 std::string scratch_device_cache;
 
@@ -399,13 +420,7 @@
 
     auto save_errno = errno;
     if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_already_mounted(kScratchMountPoint, false)) {
-        // Lazy umount will allow us to move on and possibly later
-        // establish a new fresh mount without requiring a reboot should
-        // the developer wish to restart.  Old references should melt
-        // away or have no data.  Main goal is to shut the door on the
-        // current overrides with an expectation of a subsequent reboot,
-        // thus any errors here are ignored.
-        umount2(kScratchMountPoint.c_str(), MNT_DETACH);
+        fs_mgr_overlayfs_umount_scratch();
     }
     auto builder = MetadataBuilder::New(super_device, slot_number);
     if (!builder) {
@@ -423,7 +438,7 @@
         if (change) *change = true;
         if (!DestroyLogicalPartition(partition_name, 0s)) return false;
     } else {
-        PERROR << "delete partition " << overlay;
+        LERROR << "delete partition " << overlay;
         return false;
     }
     errno = save_errno;
@@ -638,49 +653,65 @@
     if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_already_mounted(kScratchMountPoint, false)) return true;
     auto mnt_type = fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_mount_type();
     auto scratch_device = fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_device();
-    auto partition_exists = fs_mgr_rw_access(scratch_device);
+    auto partition_create = !fs_mgr_rw_access(scratch_device);
+    auto slot_number = fs_mgr_overlayfs_slot_number();
+    auto super_device = fs_mgr_overlayfs_super_device(slot_number);
+    if (!fs_mgr_rw_access(super_device)) return false;
+    if (!fs_mgr_overlayfs_has_logical(fstab)) return false;
+    auto builder = MetadataBuilder::New(super_device, slot_number);
+    if (!builder) {
+        LERROR << "open " << super_device << " metadata";
+        return false;
+    }
+    const auto partition_name = android::base::Basename(kScratchMountPoint);
+    auto partition = builder->FindPartition(partition_name);
+    auto partition_exists = partition != nullptr;
+    auto changed = false;
     if (!partition_exists) {
-        auto slot_number = fs_mgr_overlayfs_slot_number();
-        auto super_device = fs_mgr_overlayfs_super_device(slot_number);
-        if (!fs_mgr_rw_access(super_device)) return false;
-        if (!fs_mgr_overlayfs_has_logical(fstab)) return false;
-        auto builder = MetadataBuilder::New(super_device, slot_number);
-        if (!builder) {
-            PERROR << "open " << super_device << " metadata";
+        partition = builder->AddPartition(partition_name, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_NONE);
+        if (!partition) {
+            LERROR << "create " << partition_name;
             return false;
         }
-        const auto partition_name = android::base::Basename(kScratchMountPoint);
-        partition_exists = builder->FindPartition(partition_name) != nullptr;
-        if (!partition_exists) {
-            auto partition = builder->AddPartition(partition_name, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_NONE);
-            if (!partition) {
-                PERROR << "create " << partition_name;
-                return false;
+        changed = true;
+    }
+    // Take half of free space, minimum 512MB or free space - 256KB margin.
+    static constexpr auto kMinimumSize = uint64_t(512 * 1024 * 1024);
+    static constexpr auto kMarginSize = uint64_t(256 * 1024);
+    if (partition->size() < kMinimumSize) {
+        auto partition_size =
+                builder->AllocatableSpace() - builder->UsedSpace() + partition->size();
+        if ((partition_size > kMinimumSize) || !partition->size()) {
+            partition_size = std::max(std::min(kMinimumSize, partition_size - kMarginSize),
+                                      partition_size / 2);
+            if (partition_size > partition->size()) {
+                if (!builder->ResizePartition(partition, partition_size)) {
+                    LERROR << "resize " << partition_name;
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (!partition_create) DestroyLogicalPartition(partition_name, 10s);
+                changed = true;
+                partition_exists = false;
             }
-            auto partition_size = builder->AllocatableSpace() - builder->UsedSpace();
-            // 512MB or half the remaining available space, whichever is greater.
-            partition_size = std::max(uint64_t(512 * 1024 * 1024), partition_size / 2);
-            if (!builder->ResizePartition(partition, partition_size)) {
-                PERROR << "resize " << partition_name;
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            auto metadata = builder->Export();
-            if (!metadata) {
-                LERROR << "generate new metadata " << partition_name;
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (!UpdatePartitionTable(super_device, *metadata.get(), slot_number)) {
-                LERROR << "update " << partition_name;
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if (change) *change = true;
+        }
+    }
+    // land the update back on to the partition
+    if (changed) {
+        auto metadata = builder->Export();
+        if (!metadata || !UpdatePartitionTable(super_device, *metadata.get(), slot_number)) {
+            LERROR << "add partition " << partition_name;
+            return false;
         }
 
+        if (change) *change = true;
+    }
+
+    if (changed || partition_create) {
         if (!CreateLogicalPartition(super_device, slot_number, partition_name, true, 0s,
                                     &scratch_device))
             return false;
+
+        if (change) *change = true;
     }
 
     if (partition_exists) {
@@ -692,13 +723,22 @@
         errno = 0;
     }
 
-    auto ret = system((mnt_type == "f2fs")
-                              ? ((kMkF2fs + " -d1 " + scratch_device).c_str())
-                              : ((kMkExt4 + " -b 4096 -t ext4 -m 0 -M " + kScratchMountPoint +
-                                  " -O has_journal " + scratch_device)
-                                         .c_str()));
+    // Force mkfs by design for overlay support of adb remount, simplify and
+    // thus do not rely on fsck to correct problems that could creep in.
+    auto command = ""s;
+    if (mnt_type == "f2fs") {
+        command = kMkF2fs + " -w 4096 -f -d1 -l" + android::base::Basename(kScratchMountPoint);
+    } else if (mnt_type == "ext4") {
+        command = kMkExt4 + " -b 4096 -t ext4 -m 0 -O has_journal -M " + kScratchMountPoint;
+    } else {
+        errno = ESRCH;
+        LERROR << mnt_type << " has no mkfs cookbook";
+        return false;
+    }
+    command += " " + scratch_device;
+    auto ret = system(command.c_str());
     if (ret) {
-        LERROR << "make " << mnt_type << " filesystem on " << scratch_device << " error=" << ret;
+        LERROR << "make " << mnt_type << " filesystem on " << scratch_device << " return=" << ret;
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -719,14 +759,20 @@
     return builder->FindPartition(android::base::Basename(kScratchMountPoint)) != nullptr;
 }
 
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_invalid(const fstab* fstab) {
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid() == OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported) return true;
+
+    // in recovery or fastbootd mode, not allowed!
+    if (fs_mgr_access("/system/bin/recovery")) return true;
+
+    return !fstab;
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 
 bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all(fstab* fstab) {
     auto ret = false;
-
-    if (!fs_mgr_overlayfs_supports_override_creds()) return ret;
-
-    if (!fstab) return ret;
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_invalid(fstab)) return ret;
 
     auto scratch_can_be_mounted = true;
     for (const auto& mount_point : fs_mgr_candidate_list(fstab)) {
@@ -739,8 +785,7 @@
                 fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_scratch(scratch_device,
                                                fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_mount_type()) &&
                 !fs_mgr_access(kScratchMountPoint + kOverlayTopDir)) {
-                umount2(kScratchMountPoint.c_str(), MNT_DETACH);
-                rmdir(kScratchMountPoint.c_str());
+                fs_mgr_overlayfs_umount_scratch();
             }
         }
         if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount(mount_point)) ret = true;
@@ -756,7 +801,9 @@
 }
 
 std::vector<std::string> fs_mgr_overlayfs_required_devices(fstab* fstab) {
-    if (fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(const_cast<struct fstab*>(fstab), kScratchMountPoint)) {
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_invalid(fstab)) return {};
+
+    if (fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(fstab, kScratchMountPoint)) {
         return {};
     }
 
@@ -782,7 +829,7 @@
 bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_setup(const char* backing, const char* mount_point, bool* change) {
     if (change) *change = false;
     auto ret = false;
-    if (!fs_mgr_overlayfs_supports_override_creds()) return ret;
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid() == OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported) return ret;
     if (!fs_mgr_boot_completed()) {
         errno = EBUSY;
         PERROR << "setup";
@@ -831,6 +878,7 @@
     auto ret = true;
     // If scratch exists, but is not mounted, lets gain access to clean
     // specific override entries.
+    auto mount_scratch = false;
     if ((mount_point != nullptr) && !fs_mgr_overlayfs_already_mounted(kScratchMountPoint, false)) {
         auto scratch_device = fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_device();
         if (scratch_device.empty()) {
@@ -840,12 +888,13 @@
             CreateLogicalPartition(super_device, slot_number, partition_name, true, 0s,
                                    &scratch_device);
         }
-        fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_scratch(scratch_device, fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_mount_type());
+        mount_scratch = fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_scratch(scratch_device,
+                                                       fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_mount_type());
     }
     for (const auto& overlay_mount_point : kOverlayMountPoints) {
         ret &= fs_mgr_overlayfs_teardown_one(overlay_mount_point, mount_point ?: "", change);
     }
-    if (!fs_mgr_overlayfs_supports_override_creds()) {
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid() == OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported) {
         // After obligatory teardown to make sure everything is clean, but if
         // we didn't want overlayfs in the the first place, we do not want to
         // waste time on a reboot (or reboot request message).
@@ -858,6 +907,8 @@
         PERROR << "teardown";
         ret = false;
     }
+    if (mount_scratch) fs_mgr_overlayfs_umount_scratch();
+
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -896,7 +947,30 @@
     return context;
 }
 
-bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_supports_override_creds() {
+OverlayfsValidResult fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid() {
     // Overlayfs available in the kernel, and patched for override_creds?
-    return fs_mgr_access("/sys/module/overlay/parameters/override_creds");
+    if (fs_mgr_access("/sys/module/overlay/parameters/override_creds")) {
+        return OverlayfsValidResult::kOverrideCredsRequired;
+    }
+    if (!fs_mgr_access("/sys/module/overlay")) {
+        return OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported;
+    }
+    struct utsname uts;
+    if (uname(&uts) == -1) {
+        return OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported;
+    }
+    int major, minor;
+    if (sscanf(uts.release, "%d.%d", &major, &minor) != 2) {
+        return OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported;
+    }
+    if (major < 4) {
+        return OverlayfsValidResult::kOk;
+    }
+    if (major > 4) {
+        return OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported;
+    }
+    if (minor > 6) {
+        return OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported;
+    }
+    return OverlayfsValidResult::kOk;
 }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
index 5e83cfb..87c971a 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <fs_mgr.h>
 
-#include "fs_mgr.h"
 #include "fs_mgr_priv_boot_config.h"
 
 /* The CHECK() in logging.h will use program invocation name as the tag.
@@ -39,11 +39,13 @@
 #define LINFO    LOG(INFO) << FS_MGR_TAG
 #define LWARNING LOG(WARNING) << FS_MGR_TAG
 #define LERROR   LOG(ERROR) << FS_MGR_TAG
+#define LFATAL LOG(FATAL) << FS_MGR_TAG
 
 // Logs a message with strerror(errno) at the end
 #define PINFO    PLOG(INFO) << FS_MGR_TAG
 #define PWARNING PLOG(WARNING) << FS_MGR_TAG
 #define PERROR   PLOG(ERROR) << FS_MGR_TAG
+#define PFATAL PLOG(FATAL) << FS_MGR_TAG
 
 #define CRYPTO_TMPFS_OPTIONS "size=512m,mode=0771,uid=1000,gid=1000"
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_vendor_overlay.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_vendor_overlay.cpp
index 360a117..830f0dd 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_vendor_overlay.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_vendor_overlay.cpp
@@ -35,55 +35,61 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-const auto kVendorOverlaySourceDir = "/system/vendor_overlay/"s;
+// The order of the list means the priority to show the files in the directory.
+// The last one has the highest priority.
+const std::vector<const std::string> kVendorOverlaySourceDirs = {
+        "/system/vendor_overlay/",
+        "/product/vendor_overlay/",
+};
 const auto kVndkVersionPropertyName = "ro.vndk.version"s;
 const auto kVendorTopDir = "/vendor/"s;
 const auto kLowerdirOption = "lowerdir="s;
 
-std::string fs_mgr_get_vendor_overlay_top_dir() {
-    // VNDK version is provided by the /vendor/default.prop
-    // To read the property, it must be called at the second init stage after the default
-    // properties are loaded.
-    std::string vndk_version = android::base::GetProperty(kVndkVersionPropertyName, "");
-    if (vndk_version.empty()) {
-        return "";
-    }
-    return kVendorOverlaySourceDir + vndk_version;
-}
+std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> fs_mgr_get_vendor_overlay_dirs(
+        const std::string& vndk_version) {
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> vendor_overlay_dirs;
+    for (const auto& vendor_overlay_source : kVendorOverlaySourceDirs) {
+        const auto overlay_top = vendor_overlay_source + vndk_version;
+        std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> vendor_overlay_top(opendir(overlay_top.c_str()),
+                                                                     closedir);
+        if (!vendor_overlay_top) continue;
 
-std::vector<std::string> fs_mgr_get_vendor_overlay_dirs(const std::string& overlay_top) {
-    std::vector<std::string> vendor_overlay_dirs;
-    std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> vendor_overlay_top(opendir(overlay_top.c_str()),
-                                                                 closedir);
-    if (!vendor_overlay_top) return vendor_overlay_dirs;
+        // Vendor overlay root for current vendor version found!
+        LINFO << "vendor overlay root: " << overlay_top;
 
-    // Vendor overlay root for current vendor version found!
-    LINFO << "vendor overlay root: " << overlay_top;
-    struct dirent* dp;
-    while ((dp = readdir(vendor_overlay_top.get())) != nullptr) {
-        if (dp->d_type != DT_DIR || dp->d_name[0] == '.') {
-            continue;
+        struct dirent* dp;
+        while ((dp = readdir(vendor_overlay_top.get())) != nullptr) {
+            if (dp->d_type != DT_DIR || dp->d_name[0] == '.') {
+                continue;
+            }
+            vendor_overlay_dirs.emplace_back(overlay_top, dp->d_name);
         }
-        vendor_overlay_dirs.push_back(dp->d_name);
     }
-
     return vendor_overlay_dirs;
 }
 
-bool fs_mgr_vendor_overlay_mount(const std::string& overlay_top, const std::string& mount_point) {
-    const auto vendor_mount_point = kVendorTopDir + mount_point;
+bool fs_mgr_vendor_overlay_mount(const std::pair<std::string, std::string>& mount_point) {
+    const auto [overlay_top, mount_dir] = mount_point;
+    const auto vendor_mount_point = kVendorTopDir + mount_dir;
     LINFO << "vendor overlay mount on " << vendor_mount_point;
 
-    auto context = fs_mgr_get_context(vendor_mount_point);
-    if (!context.empty()) {
-        context = ",rootcontext="s + context;
-    } else {
-        PERROR << " result: cannot find the mount point";
+    const auto target_context = fs_mgr_get_context(vendor_mount_point);
+    if (target_context.empty()) {
+        PERROR << " failed: cannot find the target vendor mount point";
+        return false;
+    }
+    const auto source_directory = overlay_top + "/" + mount_dir;
+    const auto source_context = fs_mgr_get_context(source_directory);
+    if (target_context != source_context) {
+        LERROR << " failed: source and target contexts do not match (source:" << source_context
+               << ", target:" << target_context << ")";
         return false;
     }
 
-    auto options = "override_creds=off,"s + kLowerdirOption + overlay_top + "/" + mount_point +
-                   ":" + vendor_mount_point + context;
+    auto options = kLowerdirOption + source_directory + ":" + vendor_mount_point;
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid() == OverlayfsValidResult::kOverrideCredsRequired) {
+        options += ",override_creds=off";
+    }
     auto report = "__mount(source=overlay,target="s + vendor_mount_point + ",type=overlay," +
                   options + ")=";
     auto ret = mount("overlay", vendor_mount_point.c_str(), "overlay", MS_RDONLY | MS_RELATIME,
@@ -105,22 +111,25 @@
 // To read the properties, vendor overlay must be mounted at the second stage, right
 // after "property_load_boot_defaults()" is called.
 bool fs_mgr_vendor_overlay_mount_all() {
-    const auto overlay_top = fs_mgr_get_vendor_overlay_top_dir();
-    if (overlay_top.empty()) {
+    // To read the property, it must be called at the second init stage after the default
+    // properties are loaded.
+    static const auto vndk_version = android::base::GetProperty(kVndkVersionPropertyName, "");
+    if (vndk_version.empty()) {
         LINFO << "vendor overlay: vndk version not defined";
         return false;
     }
-    const auto vendor_overlay_dirs = fs_mgr_get_vendor_overlay_dirs(overlay_top);
+
+    const auto vendor_overlay_dirs = fs_mgr_get_vendor_overlay_dirs(vndk_version);
     if (vendor_overlay_dirs.empty()) return true;
-    if (!fs_mgr_overlayfs_supports_override_creds()) {
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid() == OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported) {
         LINFO << "vendor overlay: kernel does not support overlayfs";
         return false;
     }
 
-    // Mount each directory in /system/vendor_overlay/<ver> on /vendor
+    // Mount each directory in /(system|product)/vendor_overlay/<ver> on /vendor
     auto ret = true;
     for (const auto& vendor_overlay_dir : vendor_overlay_dirs) {
-        if (!fs_mgr_vendor_overlay_mount(overlay_top, vendor_overlay_dir)) {
+        if (!fs_mgr_vendor_overlay_mount(vendor_overlay_dir)) {
             ret = false;
         }
     }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_dm_linear.h b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_dm_linear.h
index 08f4554..66abfca 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_dm_linear.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_dm_linear.h
@@ -33,11 +33,20 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <libdm/dm.h>
-#include <liblp/metadata_format.h>
+#include <liblp/liblp.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace fs_mgr {
 
+// Read metadata from the current slot.
+std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadCurrentMetadata(const std::string& block_device);
+
+// Create block devices for all logical partitions in the given metadata. The
+// metadata must have been read from the current slot.
+bool CreateLogicalPartitions(const LpMetadata& metadata);
+
+// Create block devices for all logical partitions. This is a convenience
+// method for ReadMetadata and CreateLogicalPartitions.
 bool CreateLogicalPartitions(const std::string& block_device);
 
 // Create a block device for a single logical partition, given metadata and
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_overlayfs.h b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_overlayfs.h
index 72202ab..deaf4cb 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_overlayfs.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_overlayfs.h
@@ -31,4 +31,10 @@
 bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_teardown(const char* mount_point = nullptr, bool* change = nullptr);
 bool fs_mgr_has_shared_blocks(const std::string& mount_point, const std::string& dev);
 std::string fs_mgr_get_context(const std::string& mount_point);
-bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_supports_override_creds();
+
+enum class OverlayfsValidResult {
+    kNotSupported = 0,
+    kOk,
+    kOverrideCredsRequired,
+};
+OverlayfsValidResult fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid();
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h b/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h
index bb40511..da13899 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <set>
 #include <string>
@@ -46,17 +47,17 @@
     char* key_loc;
     char* key_dir;
     char* verity_loc;
-    long long length;
+    off64_t length;
     char* label;
     int partnum;
     int swap_prio;
     int max_comp_streams;
-    unsigned int zram_size;
-    uint64_t reserved_size;
-    unsigned int file_contents_mode;
-    unsigned int file_names_mode;
-    unsigned int erase_blk_size;
-    unsigned int logical_blk_size;
+    off64_t zram_size;
+    off64_t reserved_size;
+    int file_contents_mode;
+    int file_names_mode;
+    off64_t erase_blk_size;
+    off64_t logical_blk_size;
     char* sysfs_path;
 };
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_ops.cpp
similarity index 83%
rename from fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp
rename to fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_ops.cpp
index 43879fe..f56a517 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_ops.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
  * SOFTWARE.
  */
 
-#include "fs_mgr_priv_avb_ops.h"
+#include "avb_ops.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -37,13 +37,17 @@
 #include <libavb/libavb.h>
 #include <utils/Compat.h>
 
-#include "fs_mgr.h"
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
 
+using namespace std::literals;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
+
 static AvbIOResult read_from_partition(AvbOps* ops, const char* partition, int64_t offset,
                                        size_t num_bytes, void* buffer, size_t* out_num_read) {
     return FsManagerAvbOps::GetInstanceFromAvbOps(ops)->ReadFromPartition(
-        partition, offset, num_bytes, buffer, out_num_read);
+            partition, offset, num_bytes, buffer, out_num_read);
 }
 
 static AvbIOResult dummy_read_rollback_index(AvbOps* ops ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
@@ -56,9 +60,10 @@
 }
 
 static AvbIOResult dummy_validate_vbmeta_public_key(
-    AvbOps* ops ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, const uint8_t* public_key_data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
-    size_t public_key_length ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, const uint8_t* public_key_metadata ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
-    size_t public_key_metadata_length ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, bool* out_is_trusted) {
+        AvbOps* ops ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, const uint8_t* public_key_data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+        size_t public_key_length ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+        const uint8_t* public_key_metadata ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+        size_t public_key_metadata_length ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, bool* out_is_trusted) {
     // vbmeta public key has been checked in bootloader phase.
     // In user-space, returns true to pass the check.
     //
@@ -98,7 +103,7 @@
     return AVB_IO_RESULT_OK;
 }
 
-void FsManagerAvbOps::InitializeAvbOps() {
+FsManagerAvbOps::FsManagerAvbOps() {
     // We only need to provide the implementation of read_from_partition()
     // operation since that's all what is being used by the avb_slot_verify().
     // Other I/O operations are only required in bootloader but not in
@@ -116,31 +121,10 @@
     avb_ops_.user_data = this;
 }
 
-FsManagerAvbOps::FsManagerAvbOps(std::map<std::string, std::string>&& by_name_symlink_map)
-    : by_name_symlink_map_(std::move(by_name_symlink_map)) {
-    InitializeAvbOps();
-}
-
-FsManagerAvbOps::FsManagerAvbOps(const fstab& fstab) {
-    // Constructs the by-name symlink map for each fstab record.
-    // /dev/block/platform/soc.0/7824900.sdhci/by-name/system_a =>
-    // by_name_symlink_map_["system_a"] = "/dev/block/platform/soc.0/7824900.sdhci/by-name/system_a"
-    for (int i = 0; i < fstab.num_entries; i++) {
-        std::string partition_name = basename(fstab.recs[i].blk_device);
-        by_name_symlink_map_[partition_name] = fstab.recs[i].blk_device;
-    }
-    InitializeAvbOps();
-}
-
 AvbIOResult FsManagerAvbOps::ReadFromPartition(const char* partition, int64_t offset,
                                                size_t num_bytes, void* buffer,
                                                size_t* out_num_read) {
-    const auto iter = by_name_symlink_map_.find(partition);
-    if (iter == by_name_symlink_map_.end()) {
-        LERROR << "by-name symlink not found for partition: '" << partition << "'";
-        return AVB_IO_RESULT_ERROR_NO_SUCH_PARTITION;
-    }
-    std::string path = iter->second;
+    const std::string path = "/dev/block/by-name/"s + partition;
 
     // Ensures the device path (a symlink created by init) is ready to access.
     if (!fs_mgr_wait_for_file(path, 1s)) {
@@ -197,3 +181,6 @@
     return avb_slot_verify(&avb_ops_, requested_partitions, ab_suffix.c_str(), flags,
                            AVB_HASHTREE_ERROR_MODE_RESTART_AND_INVALIDATE, out_data);
 }
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_avb_ops.h b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_ops.h
similarity index 84%
rename from fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_avb_ops.h
rename to fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_ops.h
index d1ef2e9..e6b33c2 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_avb_ops.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_ops.h
@@ -22,15 +22,14 @@
  * SOFTWARE.
  */
 
-#ifndef __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_AVB_OPS_H
-#define __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_AVB_OPS_H
+#pragma once
 
-#include <map>
 #include <string>
 
 #include <libavb/libavb.h>
 
-#include "fs_mgr.h"
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
 
 // This class provides C++ bindings to interact with libavb, a small
 // self-contained piece of code that's intended to be used in bootloaders.
@@ -42,12 +41,11 @@
 //     read and verify the metadata and store it into the out_data parameter.
 //     The caller MUST check the integrity of metadata against the
 //     androidboot.vbmeta.{hash_alg, size, digest} values from /proc/cmdline.
-//     e.g., see class FsManagerAvbVerifier for more details.
+//     e.g., see class AvbVerifier for more details.
 //
 class FsManagerAvbOps {
   public:
-    FsManagerAvbOps(const fstab& fstab);
-    FsManagerAvbOps(std::map<std::string, std::string>&& by_name_symlink_map);
+    FsManagerAvbOps();
 
     static FsManagerAvbOps* GetInstanceFromAvbOps(AvbOps* ops) {
         return reinterpret_cast<FsManagerAvbOps*>(ops->user_data);
@@ -60,9 +58,8 @@
                                       AvbSlotVerifyData** out_data);
 
   private:
-    void InitializeAvbOps();
-
     AvbOps avb_ops_;
-    std::map<std::string, std::string> by_name_symlink_map_;
 };
-#endif /* __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_AVB_OPS_H */
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/fs_avb.cpp
similarity index 81%
rename from fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp
rename to fs_mgr/libfs_avb/fs_avb.cpp
index 7c6093e..c4accad 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/fs_avb.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "fs_mgr_avb.h"
+#include "fs_avb/fs_avb.h"
 
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <libgen.h>
@@ -35,10 +35,12 @@
 #include <libavb/libavb.h>
 #include <libdm/dm.h>
 
-#include "fs_mgr.h"
+#include "avb_ops.h"
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
-#include "fs_mgr_priv_avb_ops.h"
-#include "fs_mgr_priv_sha.h"
+#include "sha.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
 
 static inline bool nibble_value(const char& c, uint8_t* value) {
     FS_MGR_CHECK(value != nullptr);
@@ -117,14 +119,14 @@
 //   - androidboot.vbmeta.hash_alg
 //   - androidboot.vbmeta.size
 //   - androidboot.vbmeta.digest
-class FsManagerAvbVerifier {
+class AvbVerifier {
   public:
-    // The factory method to return a unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier>
-    static std::unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier> Create();
+    // The factory method to return a unique_ptr<AvbVerifier>
+    static std::unique_ptr<AvbVerifier> Create();
     bool VerifyVbmetaImages(const AvbSlotVerifyData& verify_data);
 
   protected:
-    FsManagerAvbVerifier() = default;
+    AvbVerifier() = default;
 
   private:
     enum HashAlgorithm {
@@ -138,10 +140,10 @@
     size_t vbmeta_size_;
 };
 
-std::unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier> FsManagerAvbVerifier::Create() {
-    std::unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier> avb_verifier(new FsManagerAvbVerifier());
+std::unique_ptr<AvbVerifier> AvbVerifier::Create() {
+    std::unique_ptr<AvbVerifier> avb_verifier(new AvbVerifier());
     if (!avb_verifier) {
-        LERROR << "Failed to create unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier>";
+        LERROR << "Failed to create unique_ptr<AvbVerifier>";
         return nullptr;
     }
 
@@ -184,7 +186,7 @@
     return avb_verifier;
 }
 
-bool FsManagerAvbVerifier::VerifyVbmetaImages(const AvbSlotVerifyData& verify_data) {
+bool AvbVerifier::VerifyVbmetaImages(const AvbSlotVerifyData& verify_data) {
     if (verify_data.num_vbmeta_images == 0) {
         LERROR << "No vbmeta images";
         return false;
@@ -195,10 +197,10 @@
 
     if (hash_alg_ == kSHA256) {
         std::tie(total_size, digest_matched) =
-            verify_vbmeta_digest<SHA256Hasher>(verify_data, digest_);
+                verify_vbmeta_digest<SHA256Hasher>(verify_data, digest_);
     } else if (hash_alg_ == kSHA512) {
         std::tie(total_size, digest_matched) =
-            verify_vbmeta_digest<SHA512Hasher>(verify_data, digest_);
+                verify_vbmeta_digest<SHA512Hasher>(verify_data, digest_);
     }
 
     if (total_size != vbmeta_size_) {
@@ -268,7 +270,8 @@
                                      const std::string& salt, const std::string& root_digest,
                                      bool wait_for_verity_dev) {
     android::dm::DmTable table;
-    if (!construct_verity_table(hashtree_desc, salt, root_digest, fstab_entry->blk_device, &table) ||
+    if (!construct_verity_table(hashtree_desc, salt, root_digest, fstab_entry->blk_device,
+                                &table) ||
         !table.valid()) {
         LERROR << "Failed to construct verity table.";
         return false;
@@ -314,25 +317,14 @@
         // Get descriptors from vbmeta_images[i].
         size_t num_descriptors;
         std::unique_ptr<const AvbDescriptor* [], decltype(&avb_free)> descriptors(
-            avb_descriptor_get_all(verify_data.vbmeta_images[i].vbmeta_data,
-                                   verify_data.vbmeta_images[i].vbmeta_size, &num_descriptors),
-            avb_free);
+                avb_descriptor_get_all(verify_data.vbmeta_images[i].vbmeta_data,
+                                       verify_data.vbmeta_images[i].vbmeta_size, &num_descriptors),
+                avb_free);
 
         if (!descriptors || num_descriptors < 1) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        // Ensures that hashtree descriptor is in /vbmeta or /boot or in
-        // the same partition for verity setup.
-        std::string vbmeta_partition_name(verify_data.vbmeta_images[i].partition_name);
-        if (vbmeta_partition_name != "vbmeta" &&
-            vbmeta_partition_name != "boot" &&  // for legacy device to append top-level vbmeta
-            vbmeta_partition_name != partition_name) {
-            LWARNING << "Skip vbmeta image at " << verify_data.vbmeta_images[i].partition_name
-                     << " for partition: " << partition_name.c_str();
-            continue;
-        }
-
         for (size_t j = 0; j < num_descriptors && !found; j++) {
             AvbDescriptor desc;
             if (!avb_descriptor_validate_and_byteswap(descriptors[j], &desc)) {
@@ -340,9 +332,10 @@
                 continue;
             }
             if (desc.tag == AVB_DESCRIPTOR_TAG_HASHTREE) {
-                desc_partition_name = (const uint8_t*)descriptors[j] + sizeof(AvbHashtreeDescriptor);
+                desc_partition_name =
+                        (const uint8_t*)descriptors[j] + sizeof(AvbHashtreeDescriptor);
                 if (!avb_hashtree_descriptor_validate_and_byteswap(
-                        (AvbHashtreeDescriptor*)descriptors[j], out_hashtree_desc)) {
+                            (AvbHashtreeDescriptor*)descriptors[j], out_hashtree_desc)) {
                     continue;
                 }
                 if (out_hashtree_desc->partition_name_len != partition_name.length()) {
@@ -372,33 +365,20 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-FsManagerAvbUniquePtr FsManagerAvbHandle::Open(const fstab& fstab) {
-    FsManagerAvbOps avb_ops(fstab);
-    return DoOpen(&avb_ops);
-}
-
-FsManagerAvbUniquePtr FsManagerAvbHandle::Open(ByNameSymlinkMap&& by_name_symlink_map) {
-    if (by_name_symlink_map.empty()) {
-        LERROR << "Empty by_name_symlink_map when opening FsManagerAvbHandle";
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    FsManagerAvbOps avb_ops(std::move(by_name_symlink_map));
-    return DoOpen(&avb_ops);
-}
-
-FsManagerAvbUniquePtr FsManagerAvbHandle::DoOpen(FsManagerAvbOps* avb_ops) {
+AvbUniquePtr AvbHandle::Open() {
     bool is_device_unlocked = fs_mgr_is_device_unlocked();
 
-    FsManagerAvbUniquePtr avb_handle(new FsManagerAvbHandle());
+    AvbUniquePtr avb_handle(new AvbHandle());
     if (!avb_handle) {
-        LERROR << "Failed to allocate FsManagerAvbHandle";
+        LERROR << "Failed to allocate AvbHandle";
         return nullptr;
     }
 
+    FsManagerAvbOps avb_ops;
     AvbSlotVerifyFlags flags = is_device_unlocked ? AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_FLAGS_ALLOW_VERIFICATION_ERROR
                                                   : AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_FLAGS_NONE;
     AvbSlotVerifyResult verify_result =
-        avb_ops->AvbSlotVerify(fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix(), flags, &avb_handle->avb_slot_data_);
+            avb_ops.AvbSlotVerify(fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix(), flags, &avb_handle->avb_slot_data_);
 
     // Only allow two verify results:
     //   - AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_OK.
@@ -430,7 +410,7 @@
 
     // Sets the MAJOR.MINOR for init to set it into "ro.boot.avb_version".
     avb_handle->avb_version_ =
-        android::base::StringPrintf("%d.%d", AVB_VERSION_MAJOR, AVB_VERSION_MINOR);
+            android::base::StringPrintf("%d.%d", AVB_VERSION_MAJOR, AVB_VERSION_MINOR);
 
     // Checks whether FLAGS_VERIFICATION_DISABLED is set:
     //   - Only the top-level vbmeta struct is read.
@@ -438,18 +418,18 @@
     //     and AVB HASHTREE descriptor(s).
     AvbVBMetaImageHeader vbmeta_header;
     avb_vbmeta_image_header_to_host_byte_order(
-        (AvbVBMetaImageHeader*)avb_handle->avb_slot_data_->vbmeta_images[0].vbmeta_data,
-        &vbmeta_header);
-    bool verification_disabled =
-        ((AvbVBMetaImageFlags)vbmeta_header.flags & AVB_VBMETA_IMAGE_FLAGS_VERIFICATION_DISABLED);
+            (AvbVBMetaImageHeader*)avb_handle->avb_slot_data_->vbmeta_images[0].vbmeta_data,
+            &vbmeta_header);
+    bool verification_disabled = ((AvbVBMetaImageFlags)vbmeta_header.flags &
+                                  AVB_VBMETA_IMAGE_FLAGS_VERIFICATION_DISABLED);
 
     if (verification_disabled) {
         avb_handle->status_ = kAvbHandleVerificationDisabled;
     } else {
         // Verifies vbmeta structs against the digest passed from bootloader in kernel cmdline.
-        std::unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier> avb_verifier = FsManagerAvbVerifier::Create();
+        std::unique_ptr<AvbVerifier> avb_verifier = AvbVerifier::Create();
         if (!avb_verifier) {
-            LERROR << "Failed to create FsManagerAvbVerifier";
+            LERROR << "Failed to create AvbVerifier";
             return nullptr;
         }
         if (!avb_verifier->VerifyVbmetaImages(*avb_handle->avb_slot_data_)) {
@@ -458,8 +438,8 @@
         }
 
         // Checks whether FLAGS_HASHTREE_DISABLED is set.
-        bool hashtree_disabled =
-            ((AvbVBMetaImageFlags)vbmeta_header.flags & AVB_VBMETA_IMAGE_FLAGS_HASHTREE_DISABLED);
+        bool hashtree_disabled = ((AvbVBMetaImageFlags)vbmeta_header.flags &
+                                  AVB_VBMETA_IMAGE_FLAGS_HASHTREE_DISABLED);
         if (hashtree_disabled) {
             avb_handle->status_ = kAvbHandleHashtreeDisabled;
         }
@@ -469,16 +449,16 @@
     return avb_handle;
 }
 
-SetUpAvbHashtreeResult FsManagerAvbHandle::SetUpAvbHashtree(struct fstab_rec* fstab_entry,
-                                                            bool wait_for_verity_dev) {
+AvbHashtreeResult AvbHandle::SetUpAvbHashtree(struct fstab_rec* fstab_entry,
+                                              bool wait_for_verity_dev) {
     if (!fstab_entry || status_ == kAvbHandleUninitialized || !avb_slot_data_ ||
         avb_slot_data_->num_vbmeta_images < 1) {
-        return SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kFail;
+        return AvbHashtreeResult::kFail;
     }
 
     if (status_ == kAvbHandleHashtreeDisabled || status_ == kAvbHandleVerificationDisabled) {
         LINFO << "AVB HASHTREE disabled on: " << fstab_entry->mount_point;
-        return SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kDisabled;
+        return AvbHashtreeResult::kDisabled;
     }
 
     // Derives partition_name from blk_device to query the corresponding AVB HASHTREE descriptor
@@ -502,14 +482,17 @@
     std::string root_digest;
     if (!get_hashtree_descriptor(partition_name, *avb_slot_data_, &hashtree_descriptor, &salt,
                                  &root_digest)) {
-        return SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kFail;
+        return AvbHashtreeResult::kFail;
     }
 
     // Converts HASHTREE descriptor to verity_table_params.
     if (!hashtree_dm_verity_setup(fstab_entry, hashtree_descriptor, salt, root_digest,
                                   wait_for_verity_dev)) {
-        return SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kFail;
+        return AvbHashtreeResult::kFail;
     }
 
-    return SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kSuccess;
+    return AvbHashtreeResult::kSuccess;
 }
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_avb.h b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/include/fs_avb/fs_avb.h
similarity index 66%
rename from fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_avb.h
rename to fs_mgr/libfs_avb/include/fs_avb/fs_avb.h
index 73a22c8..9adab3d 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_avb.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/include/fs_avb/fs_avb.h
@@ -14,18 +14,18 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef __CORE_FS_MGR_AVB_H
-#define __CORE_FS_MGR_AVB_H
+#pragma once
 
-#include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
+#include <fstab/fstab.h>
 #include <libavb/libavb.h>
 
-#include "fs_mgr.h"
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
 
-enum class SetUpAvbHashtreeResult {
+enum class AvbHashtreeResult {
     kSuccess = 0,
     kFail,
     kDisabled,
@@ -33,17 +33,15 @@
 
 class FsManagerAvbOps;
 
-class FsManagerAvbHandle;
-using FsManagerAvbUniquePtr = std::unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbHandle>;
-
-using ByNameSymlinkMap = std::map<std::string, std::string>;
+class AvbHandle;
+using AvbUniquePtr = std::unique_ptr<AvbHandle>;
 
 // Provides a factory method to return a unique_ptr pointing to itself and the
 // SetUpAvbHashtree() function to extract dm-verity parameters from AVB HASHTREE
 // descriptors to load verity table into kernel through ioctl.
-class FsManagerAvbHandle {
+class AvbHandle {
   public:
-    // The factory method to return a FsManagerAvbUniquePtr that holds
+    // The factory method to return a AvbUniquePtr that holds
     // the verified AVB (external/avb) metadata of all verified partitions
     // in avb_slot_data_.vbmeta_images[].
     //
@@ -51,14 +49,7 @@
     //   - androidboot.vbmeta.{hash_alg, size, digest}.
     //
     // A typical usage will be:
-    //   - FsManagerAvbUniquePtr handle = FsManagerAvbHandle::Open();
-    //
-    // There are two overloaded Open() functions with a single parameter.
-    // The argument can be a ByNameSymlinkMap describing the mapping from partition
-    // name to by-name symlink, or a fstab file to which the ByNameSymlinkMap is
-    // constructed from. e.g.,
-    //   - /dev/block/platform/soc.0/7824900.sdhci/by-name/system_a ->
-    //   - ByNameSymlinkMap["system_a"] = "/dev/block/platform/soc.0/7824900.sdhci/by-name/system_a"
+    //   - AvbUniquePtr handle = AvbHandle::Open();
     //
     // Possible return values:
     //   - nullptr: any error when reading and verifying the metadata,
@@ -82,8 +73,7 @@
     //   - a valid unique_ptr with status kAvbHandleSuccess: the metadata
     //     is verified and can be trusted.
     //
-    static FsManagerAvbUniquePtr Open(const fstab& fstab);
-    static FsManagerAvbUniquePtr Open(ByNameSymlinkMap&& by_name_symlink_map);
+    static AvbUniquePtr Open();
 
     // Sets up dm-verity on the given fstab entry.
     // The 'wait_for_verity_dev' parameter makes this function wait for the
@@ -95,17 +85,17 @@
     //     failed to get the HASHTREE descriptor, runtime error when set up
     //     device-mapper, etc.
     //   - kDisabled: hashtree is disabled.
-    SetUpAvbHashtreeResult SetUpAvbHashtree(fstab_rec* fstab_entry, bool wait_for_verity_dev);
+    AvbHashtreeResult SetUpAvbHashtree(fstab_rec* fstab_entry, bool wait_for_verity_dev);
 
     const std::string& avb_version() const { return avb_version_; }
 
-    FsManagerAvbHandle(const FsManagerAvbHandle&) = delete;             // no copy
-    FsManagerAvbHandle& operator=(const FsManagerAvbHandle&) = delete;  // no assignment
+    AvbHandle(const AvbHandle&) = delete;             // no copy
+    AvbHandle& operator=(const AvbHandle&) = delete;  // no assignment
 
-    FsManagerAvbHandle(FsManagerAvbHandle&&) noexcept = delete;             // no move
-    FsManagerAvbHandle& operator=(FsManagerAvbHandle&&) noexcept = delete;  // no move assignment
+    AvbHandle(AvbHandle&&) noexcept = delete;             // no move
+    AvbHandle& operator=(AvbHandle&&) noexcept = delete;  // no move assignment
 
-    ~FsManagerAvbHandle() {
+    ~AvbHandle() {
         if (avb_slot_data_) {
             avb_slot_verify_data_free(avb_slot_data_);
         }
@@ -120,12 +110,12 @@
         kAvbHandleVerificationError,
     };
 
-    FsManagerAvbHandle() : avb_slot_data_(nullptr), status_(kAvbHandleUninitialized) {}
-    static FsManagerAvbUniquePtr DoOpen(FsManagerAvbOps* avb_ops);
+    AvbHandle() : avb_slot_data_(nullptr), status_(kAvbHandleUninitialized) {}
 
     AvbSlotVerifyData* avb_slot_data_;
     AvbHandleStatus status_;
     std::string avb_version_;
 };
 
-#endif /* __CORE_FS_MGR_AVB_H */
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_sha.h b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/sha.h
similarity index 92%
rename from fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_sha.h
rename to fs_mgr/libfs_avb/sha.h
index 5b53eea..2d3ca6d 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_sha.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/sha.h
@@ -14,11 +14,13 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_SHA_H
-#define __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_SHA_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <openssl/sha.h>
 
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
+
 class SHA256Hasher {
   private:
     SHA256_CTX sha256_ctx;
@@ -59,4 +61,5 @@
     }
 };
 
-#endif /* __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_SHA_H */
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/liblp/Android.bp
index 5689bdf..355b7a1 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/Android.bp
@@ -39,6 +39,11 @@
         "libext4_utils",
         "libz",
     ],
+    target: {
+        windows: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+    },
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/builder.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/builder.cpp
index 3cd33b1..da86d75 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/builder.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/builder.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 
 #include "liblp/liblp.h"
@@ -29,6 +30,9 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace fs_mgr {
 
+bool MetadataBuilder::sABOverrideSet;
+bool MetadataBuilder::sABOverrideValue;
+
 bool LinearExtent::AddTo(LpMetadata* out) const {
     if (device_index_ >= out->block_devices.size()) {
         LERROR << "Extent references unknown block device.";
@@ -113,18 +117,7 @@
     if (!metadata) {
         return nullptr;
     }
-    std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = New(*metadata.get());
-    if (!builder) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < builder->block_devices_.size(); i++) {
-        std::string partition_name = GetBlockDevicePartitionName(builder->block_devices_[i]);
-        BlockDeviceInfo device_info;
-        if (opener.GetInfo(partition_name, &device_info)) {
-            builder->UpdateBlockDeviceInfo(i, device_info);
-        }
-    }
-    return builder;
+    return New(*metadata.get(), &opener);
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> MetadataBuilder::New(const std::string& super_partition,
@@ -142,15 +135,84 @@
     return builder;
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> MetadataBuilder::New(const LpMetadata& metadata) {
+std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> MetadataBuilder::New(const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                                                      const IPartitionOpener* opener) {
     std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder(new MetadataBuilder());
     if (!builder->Init(metadata)) {
         return nullptr;
     }
+    if (opener) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < builder->block_devices_.size(); i++) {
+            std::string partition_name = GetBlockDevicePartitionName(builder->block_devices_[i]);
+            BlockDeviceInfo device_info;
+            if (opener->GetInfo(partition_name, &device_info)) {
+                builder->UpdateBlockDeviceInfo(i, device_info);
+            }
+        }
+    }
     return builder;
 }
 
-MetadataBuilder::MetadataBuilder() {
+std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> MetadataBuilder::NewForUpdate(const IPartitionOpener& opener,
+                                                               const std::string& source_partition,
+                                                               uint32_t source_slot_number,
+                                                               uint32_t target_slot_number) {
+    auto metadata = ReadMetadata(opener, source_partition, source_slot_number);
+    if (!metadata) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // On non-retrofit devices there is only one location for metadata: the
+    // super partition. update_engine will remove and resize partitions as
+    // needed. On the other hand, for retrofit devices, we'll need to
+    // translate block device and group names to update their slot suffixes.
+    auto super_device = GetMetadataSuperBlockDevice(*metadata.get());
+    if (GetBlockDevicePartitionName(*super_device) == "super") {
+        return New(*metadata.get(), &opener);
+    }
+
+    // Clear partitions and extents, since they have no meaning on the target
+    // slot. We also clear groups since they are re-added during OTA.
+    metadata->partitions.clear();
+    metadata->extents.clear();
+    metadata->groups.clear();
+
+    std::string source_slot_suffix = SlotSuffixForSlotNumber(source_slot_number);
+    std::string target_slot_suffix = SlotSuffixForSlotNumber(target_slot_number);
+
+    // Translate block devices.
+    auto source_block_devices = std::move(metadata->block_devices);
+    for (const auto& source_block_device : source_block_devices) {
+        std::string partition_name = GetBlockDevicePartitionName(source_block_device);
+        std::string slot_suffix = GetPartitionSlotSuffix(partition_name);
+        if (slot_suffix.empty() || slot_suffix != source_slot_suffix) {
+            // This should never happen. It means that the source metadata
+            // refers to a target or unknown block device.
+            LERROR << "Invalid block device for slot " << source_slot_suffix << ": "
+                   << partition_name;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        std::string new_name =
+                partition_name.substr(0, partition_name.size() - slot_suffix.size()) +
+                target_slot_suffix;
+
+        auto new_device = source_block_device;
+        if (!UpdateBlockDevicePartitionName(&new_device, new_name)) {
+            LERROR << "Partition name too long: " << new_name;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        metadata->block_devices.emplace_back(new_device);
+    }
+
+    return New(*metadata.get(), &opener);
+}
+
+void MetadataBuilder::OverrideABForTesting(bool ab_device) {
+    sABOverrideSet = true;
+    sABOverrideValue = ab_device;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder::MetadataBuilder() : auto_slot_suffixing_(false) {
     memset(&geometry_, 0, sizeof(geometry_));
     geometry_.magic = LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_MAGIC;
     geometry_.struct_size = sizeof(geometry_);
@@ -184,22 +246,26 @@
         if (!builder) {
             return false;
         }
-
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < partition.num_extents; i++) {
-            const LpMetadataExtent& extent = metadata.extents[partition.first_extent_index + i];
-            if (extent.target_type == LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR) {
-                auto copy = std::make_unique<LinearExtent>(extent.num_sectors, extent.target_source,
-                                                           extent.target_data);
-                builder->AddExtent(std::move(copy));
-            } else if (extent.target_type == LP_TARGET_TYPE_ZERO) {
-                auto copy = std::make_unique<ZeroExtent>(extent.num_sectors);
-                builder->AddExtent(std::move(copy));
-            }
-        }
+        ImportExtents(builder, metadata, partition);
     }
     return true;
 }
 
+void MetadataBuilder::ImportExtents(Partition* dest, const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                                    const LpMetadataPartition& source) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < source.num_extents; i++) {
+        const LpMetadataExtent& extent = metadata.extents[source.first_extent_index + i];
+        if (extent.target_type == LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR) {
+            auto copy = std::make_unique<LinearExtent>(extent.num_sectors, extent.target_source,
+                                                       extent.target_data);
+            dest->AddExtent(std::move(copy));
+        } else if (extent.target_type == LP_TARGET_TYPE_ZERO) {
+            auto copy = std::make_unique<ZeroExtent>(extent.num_sectors);
+            dest->AddExtent(std::move(copy));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 static bool VerifyDeviceProperties(const BlockDeviceInfo& device_info) {
     if (device_info.logical_block_size % LP_SECTOR_SIZE != 0) {
         LERROR << "Block device " << device_info.partition_name
@@ -370,6 +436,11 @@
         LERROR << "Could not find partition group: " << group_name;
         return nullptr;
     }
+    if (IsABDevice() && !auto_slot_suffixing_ && name != "scratch" &&
+        GetPartitionSlotSuffix(name).empty()) {
+        LERROR << "Unsuffixed partition not allowed on A/B device: " << name;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
     partitions_.push_back(std::make_unique<Partition>(name, group_name, attributes));
     return partitions_.back().get();
 }
@@ -471,24 +542,33 @@
     return free_regions;
 }
 
-bool MetadataBuilder::GrowPartition(Partition* partition, uint64_t aligned_size) {
+bool MetadataBuilder::ValidatePartitionSizeChange(Partition* partition, uint64_t old_size,
+                                                  uint64_t new_size) {
     PartitionGroup* group = FindGroup(partition->group_name());
     CHECK(group);
 
+    if (new_size <= old_size) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
     // Figure out how much we need to allocate, and whether our group has
     // enough space remaining.
-    uint64_t space_needed = aligned_size - partition->size();
+    uint64_t space_needed = new_size - old_size;
     if (group->maximum_size() > 0) {
         uint64_t group_size = TotalSizeOfGroup(group);
         if (group_size >= group->maximum_size() ||
             group->maximum_size() - group_size < space_needed) {
             LERROR << "Partition " << partition->name() << " is part of group " << group->name()
-                   << " which does not have enough space free (" << space_needed << "requested, "
-                   << group_size << " used out of " << group->maximum_size();
+                   << " which does not have enough space free (" << space_needed << " requested, "
+                   << group_size << " used out of " << group->maximum_size() << ")";
             return false;
         }
     }
+    return true;
+}
 
+bool MetadataBuilder::GrowPartition(Partition* partition, uint64_t aligned_size) {
+    uint64_t space_needed = aligned_size - partition->size();
     uint64_t sectors_needed = space_needed / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
     DCHECK(sectors_needed * LP_SECTOR_SIZE == space_needed);
 
@@ -551,7 +631,12 @@
     metadata->geometry = geometry_;
 
     // Assign this early so the extent table can read it.
-    metadata->block_devices = block_devices_;
+    for (const auto& block_device : block_devices_) {
+        metadata->block_devices.emplace_back(block_device);
+        if (auto_slot_suffixing_) {
+            metadata->block_devices.back().flags |= LP_BLOCK_DEVICE_SLOT_SUFFIXED;
+        }
+    }
 
     std::map<std::string, size_t> group_indices;
     for (const auto& group : groups_) {
@@ -561,6 +646,9 @@
             LERROR << "Partition group name is too long: " << group->name();
             return nullptr;
         }
+        if (auto_slot_suffixing_ && group->name() != "default") {
+            out.flags |= LP_GROUP_SLOT_SUFFIXED;
+        }
         strncpy(out.name, group->name().c_str(), sizeof(out.name));
         out.maximum_size = group->maximum_size();
 
@@ -587,6 +675,9 @@
         part.first_extent_index = static_cast<uint32_t>(metadata->extents.size());
         part.num_extents = static_cast<uint32_t>(partition->extents().size());
         part.attributes = partition->attributes();
+        if (auto_slot_suffixing_) {
+            part.attributes |= LP_PARTITION_ATTR_SLOT_SUFFIXED;
+        }
 
         auto iter = group_indices.find(partition->group_name());
         if (iter == group_indices.end()) {
@@ -648,6 +739,11 @@
     return false;
 }
 
+bool MetadataBuilder::HasBlockDevice(const std::string& partition_name) const {
+    uint32_t index;
+    return FindBlockDeviceByName(partition_name, &index);
+}
+
 bool MetadataBuilder::GetBlockDeviceInfo(const std::string& partition_name,
                                          BlockDeviceInfo* info) const {
     uint32_t index;
@@ -704,6 +800,10 @@
     uint64_t aligned_size = AlignTo(requested_size, geometry_.logical_block_size);
     uint64_t old_size = partition->size();
 
+    if (!ValidatePartitionSizeChange(partition, old_size, aligned_size)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
     if (aligned_size > old_size) {
         if (!GrowPartition(partition, aligned_size)) {
             return false;
@@ -750,5 +850,85 @@
     }
 }
 
+static bool CompareBlockDevices(const LpMetadataBlockDevice& first,
+                                const LpMetadataBlockDevice& second) {
+    // Note: we don't compare alignment, since it's a performance thing and
+    // won't affect whether old extents continue to work.
+    return first.first_logical_sector == second.first_logical_sector && first.size == second.size &&
+           GetBlockDevicePartitionName(first) == GetBlockDevicePartitionName(second);
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::ImportPartitions(const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                                       const std::set<std::string>& partition_names) {
+    // The block device list must be identical. We do not try to be clever and
+    // allow ordering changes or changes that don't affect partitions. This
+    // process is designed to allow the most common flashing scenarios and more
+    // complex ones should require a wipe.
+    if (metadata.block_devices.size() != block_devices_.size()) {
+        LINFO << "Block device tables does not match.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < metadata.block_devices.size(); i++) {
+        const LpMetadataBlockDevice& old_device = metadata.block_devices[i];
+        const LpMetadataBlockDevice& new_device = block_devices_[i];
+        if (!CompareBlockDevices(old_device, new_device)) {
+            LINFO << "Block device tables do not match";
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Import named partitions. Note that we do not attempt to merge group
+    // information here. If the device changed its group names, the old
+    // partitions will fail to merge. The same could happen if the group
+    // allocation sizes change.
+    for (const auto& partition : metadata.partitions) {
+        std::string partition_name = GetPartitionName(partition);
+        if (partition_names.find(partition_name) == partition_names.end()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!ImportPartition(metadata, partition)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::ImportPartition(const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                                      const LpMetadataPartition& source) {
+    std::string partition_name = GetPartitionName(source);
+    Partition* partition = FindPartition(partition_name);
+    if (!partition) {
+        std::string group_name = GetPartitionGroupName(metadata.groups[source.group_index]);
+        partition = AddPartition(partition_name, group_name, source.attributes);
+        if (!partition) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    if (partition->size() > 0) {
+        LINFO << "Importing partition table would overwrite non-empty partition: "
+              << partition_name;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ImportExtents(partition, metadata, source);
+
+    if (!ValidatePartitionSizeChange(partition, 0, partition->size())) {
+        partition->RemoveExtents();
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void MetadataBuilder::SetAutoSlotSuffixing() {
+    auto_slot_suffixing_ = true;
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::IsABDevice() const {
+    if (sABOverrideSet) {
+        return sABOverrideValue;
+    }
+    return android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.build.ab_update", false);
+}
+
 }  // namespace fs_mgr
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/builder_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/builder_test.cpp
index c27e300..926fe12 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/builder_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/builder_test.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,25 @@
 using namespace android::fs_mgr;
 using ::testing::ElementsAre;
 
-TEST(liblp, BuildBasic) {
+class Environment : public ::testing::Environment {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override { MetadataBuilder::OverrideABForTesting(false); }
+};
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    std::unique_ptr<Environment> env(new Environment);
+    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(env.get());
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+
+class BuilderTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override { MetadataBuilder::OverrideABForTesting(false); }
+    void TearDown() override { MetadataBuilder::OverrideABForTesting(false); }
+};
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, BuildBasic) {
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
 
@@ -40,7 +58,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(builder->FindPartition("system"), nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, ResizePartition) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, ResizePartition) {
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
 
@@ -94,7 +112,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(system->extents().size(), 0);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, PartitionAlignment) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, PartitionAlignment) {
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
 
@@ -110,7 +128,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(system->extents().size(), 1);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, DiskAlignment) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, DiskAlignment) {
     static const uint64_t kDiskSize = 1000000;
     static const uint32_t kMetadataSize = 1024;
     static const uint32_t kMetadataSlots = 2;
@@ -120,7 +138,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(builder, nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, MetadataAlignment) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, MetadataAlignment) {
     // Make sure metadata sizes get aligned up.
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1000, 2);
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
@@ -129,7 +147,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(exported->geometry.metadata_max_size, 1024);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, InternalAlignment) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, InternalAlignment) {
     // Test the metadata fitting within alignment.
     BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 768 * 1024, 0, 4096);
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 2);
@@ -177,7 +195,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(super_device->first_logical_sector, 160);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, InternalPartitionAlignment) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, InternalPartitionAlignment) {
     BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 512 * 1024 * 1024, 768 * 1024, 753664, 4096);
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 32 * 1024, 2);
 
@@ -211,7 +229,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(exported->extents.back().target_data, 30656);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, UseAllDiskSpace) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, UseAllDiskSpace) {
     static constexpr uint64_t total = 1024 * 1024;
     static constexpr uint64_t metadata = 1024;
     static constexpr uint64_t slots = 2;
@@ -237,7 +255,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(builder->AllocatableSpace(), allocatable);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, BuildComplex) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, BuildComplex) {
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
 
     Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
@@ -271,7 +289,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(vendor1->physical_sector() + vendor1->num_sectors(), system2->physical_sector());
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, AddInvalidPartition) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, AddInvalidPartition) {
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
 
     Partition* partition = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
@@ -286,7 +304,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(partition, nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, BuilderExport) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, BuilderExport) {
     static const uint64_t kDiskSize = 1024 * 1024;
     static const uint32_t kMetadataSize = 1024;
     static const uint32_t kMetadataSlots = 2;
@@ -344,7 +362,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, BuilderImport) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, BuilderImport) {
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
 
     Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
@@ -382,7 +400,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(vendor1->num_sectors(), 32768 / LP_SECTOR_SIZE);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, ExportNameTooLong) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, ExportNameTooLong) {
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
 
     std::string name = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
@@ -393,7 +411,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(exported, nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, MetadataTooLarge) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, MetadataTooLarge) {
     static const size_t kDiskSize = 128 * 1024;
     static const size_t kMetadataSize = 64 * 1024;
 
@@ -423,7 +441,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(builder, nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, block_device_info) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, block_device_info) {
     std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
                                                                fs_mgr_free_fstab);
     ASSERT_NE(fstab, nullptr);
@@ -444,7 +462,7 @@
     ASSERT_LT(device_info.alignment_offset, device_info.alignment);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, UpdateBlockDeviceInfo) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, UpdateBlockDeviceInfo) {
     BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 4096, 1024, 4096);
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
@@ -482,13 +500,13 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(new_info.logical_block_size, 4096);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, InvalidBlockSize) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, InvalidBlockSize) {
     BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 513);
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(builder, nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, AlignedExtentSize) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, AlignedExtentSize) {
     BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 4096);
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
@@ -499,14 +517,14 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(partition->size(), 4096);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, AlignedFreeSpace) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, AlignedFreeSpace) {
     // Only one sector free - at least one block is required.
     BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 10240, 0, 0, 4096);
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 512, 1);
     ASSERT_EQ(builder, nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, HasDefaultGroup) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, HasDefaultGroup) {
     BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 4096);
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
@@ -514,7 +532,7 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(builder->AddGroup("default", 0));
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, GroupSizeLimits) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, GroupSizeLimits) {
     BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 4096);
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
@@ -538,7 +556,7 @@
     return x << 20;
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, RemoveAndAddFirstPartition) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, RemoveAndAddFirstPartition) {
     auto builder = MetadataBuilder::New(10_GiB, 65536, 2);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, builder);
     ASSERT_TRUE(builder->AddGroup("foo_a", 5_GiB));
@@ -561,7 +579,7 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(p && builder->ResizePartition(p, 1_GiB));
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, ListGroups) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, ListGroups) {
     BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 4096);
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
@@ -571,7 +589,7 @@
     ASSERT_THAT(groups, ElementsAre("default", "example"));
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, RemoveGroupAndPartitions) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, RemoveGroupAndPartitions) {
     BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 4096);
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
@@ -588,7 +606,7 @@
     ASSERT_NE(builder->FindPartition("system"), nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, MultipleBlockDevices) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, MultipleBlockDevices) {
     std::vector<BlockDeviceInfo> partitions = {
             BlockDeviceInfo("system_a", 256_MiB, 786432, 229376, 4096),
             BlockDeviceInfo("vendor_a", 128_MiB, 786432, 753664, 4096),
@@ -632,3 +650,73 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(metadata->extents[2].target_data, 1472);
     EXPECT_EQ(metadata->extents[2].target_source, 2);
 }
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, ImportPartitionsOk) {
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+
+    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    Partition* vendor = builder->AddPartition("vendor", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    ASSERT_NE(system, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(vendor, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 65536), true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(vendor, 32768), true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 98304), true);
+
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
+
+    builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ImportPartitions(*exported.get(), {"vendor"}));
+    EXPECT_NE(builder->FindPartition("vendor"), nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->FindPartition("system"), nullptr);
+
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> new_metadata = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(new_metadata, nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(exported->partitions.size(), static_cast<size_t>(2));
+    ASSERT_EQ(GetPartitionName(exported->partitions[1]), "vendor");
+    ASSERT_EQ(new_metadata->partitions.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(GetPartitionName(new_metadata->partitions[0]), "vendor");
+
+    const LpMetadataExtent& extent_a =
+            exported->extents[exported->partitions[1].first_extent_index];
+    const LpMetadataExtent& extent_b =
+            new_metadata->extents[new_metadata->partitions[0].first_extent_index];
+    EXPECT_EQ(extent_a.num_sectors, extent_b.num_sectors);
+    EXPECT_EQ(extent_a.target_type, extent_b.target_type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(extent_a.target_data, extent_b.target_data);
+    EXPECT_EQ(extent_a.target_source, extent_b.target_source);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, ImportPartitionsFail) {
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+
+    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    Partition* vendor = builder->AddPartition("vendor", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    ASSERT_NE(system, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(vendor, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 65536), true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(vendor, 32768), true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 98304), true);
+
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
+
+    // Different device size.
+    builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 2048, 1024, 2);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(builder->ImportPartitions(*exported.get(), {"system"}));
+}
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, UnsuffixedPartitions) {
+    MetadataBuilder::OverrideABForTesting(true);
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(builder->AddPartition("system", 0), nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder->AddPartition("system_a", 0), nullptr);
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/images.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/images.cpp
index 46bdfa4..5a498f9 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/images.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/images.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,12 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace fs_mgr {
 
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+static const int O_NOFOLLOW = 0;
+#endif
+
 std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadFromImageFile(int fd) {
     std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> buffer = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE);
     if (SeekFile64(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
@@ -61,10 +67,10 @@
     return ParseMetadata(geometry, metadata_buffer, metadata_buffer_size);
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadFromImageFile(const char* file) {
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(open(file, O_RDONLY));
+std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadFromImageFile(const std::string& image_file) {
+    unique_fd fd(open(image_file.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
     if (fd < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " open failed: " << file;
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " open failed: " << image_file;
         return nullptr;
     }
     return ReadFromImageFile(fd);
@@ -84,7 +90,7 @@
 }
 
 bool WriteToImageFile(const char* file, const LpMetadata& input) {
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(open(file, O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC, 0644));
+    unique_fd fd(open(file, O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0644));
     if (fd < 0) {
         PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " open failed: " << file;
         return false;
@@ -97,7 +103,6 @@
     : metadata_(metadata),
       geometry_(metadata.geometry),
       block_size_(block_size),
-      file_(nullptr, sparse_file_destroy),
       images_(images) {
     uint64_t total_size = GetTotalSuperPartitionSize(metadata);
     if (block_size % LP_SECTOR_SIZE != 0) {
@@ -121,7 +126,7 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    uint64_t num_blocks = total_size % block_size;
+    uint64_t num_blocks = total_size / block_size;
     if (num_blocks >= UINT_MAX) {
         // libsparse counts blocks in unsigned 32-bit integers, so we check to
         // make sure we're not going to overflow.
@@ -129,20 +134,32 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    file_.reset(sparse_file_new(block_size_, total_size));
-    if (!file_) {
-        LERROR << "Could not allocate sparse file of size " << total_size;
+    for (const auto& block_device : metadata.block_devices) {
+        SparsePtr file(sparse_file_new(block_size_, block_device.size), sparse_file_destroy);
+        if (!file) {
+            LERROR << "Could not allocate sparse file of size " << block_device.size;
+            return;
+        }
+        device_images_.emplace_back(std::move(file));
     }
 }
 
+bool SparseBuilder::IsValid() const {
+    return device_images_.size() == metadata_.block_devices.size();
+}
+
 bool SparseBuilder::Export(const char* file) {
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(open(file, O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC, 0644));
+    unique_fd fd(open(file, O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0644));
     if (fd < 0) {
         PERROR << "open failed: " << file;
         return false;
     }
+    if (device_images_.size() > 1) {
+        LERROR << "Cannot export to a single image on retrofit builds.";
+        return false;
+    }
     // No gzip compression; sparseify; no checksum.
-    int ret = sparse_file_write(file_.get(), fd, false, true, false);
+    int ret = sparse_file_write(device_images_[0].get(), fd, false, true, false);
     if (ret != 0) {
         LERROR << "sparse_file_write failed (error code " << ret << ")";
         return false;
@@ -150,13 +167,35 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool SparseBuilder::AddData(const std::string& blob, uint64_t sector) {
+bool SparseBuilder::ExportFiles(const std::string& output_dir) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < device_images_.size(); i++) {
+        std::string name = GetBlockDevicePartitionName(metadata_.block_devices[i]);
+        std::string file_name = "super_" + name + ".img";
+        std::string file_path = output_dir + "/" + file_name;
+
+        static const int kOpenFlags = O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW;
+        unique_fd fd(open(file_path.c_str(), kOpenFlags, 0644));
+        if (fd < 0) {
+            PERROR << "open failed: " << file_path;
+            return false;
+        }
+        // No gzip compression; sparseify; no checksum.
+        int ret = sparse_file_write(device_images_[i].get(), fd, false, true, false);
+        if (ret != 0) {
+            LERROR << "sparse_file_write failed (error code " << ret << ")";
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool SparseBuilder::AddData(sparse_file* file, const std::string& blob, uint64_t sector) {
     uint32_t block;
     if (!SectorToBlock(sector, &block)) {
         return false;
     }
     void* data = const_cast<char*>(blob.data());
-    int ret = sparse_file_add_data(file_.get(), data, blob.size(), block);
+    int ret = sparse_file_add_data(file, data, blob.size(), block);
     if (ret != 0) {
         LERROR << "sparse_file_add_data failed (error code " << ret << ")";
         return false;
@@ -179,8 +218,12 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+uint64_t SparseBuilder::BlockToSector(uint64_t block) const {
+    return (block * block_size_) / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+}
+
 bool SparseBuilder::Build() {
-    if (sparse_file_add_fill(file_.get(), 0, LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES, 0) < 0) {
+    if (sparse_file_add_fill(device_images_[0].get(), 0, LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES, 0) < 0) {
         LERROR << "Could not add initial sparse block for reserved zeroes";
         return false;
     }
@@ -194,7 +237,13 @@
     for (size_t i = 0; i < geometry_.metadata_slot_count * 2; i++) {
         all_metadata_ += metadata_blob;
     }
-    if (!AddData(all_metadata_, 0)) {
+
+    uint64_t first_sector = LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+    if (!AddData(device_images_[0].get(), all_metadata_, first_sector)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!CheckExtentOrdering()) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -228,13 +277,10 @@
 
 bool SparseBuilder::AddPartitionImage(const LpMetadataPartition& partition,
                                       const std::string& file) {
-    if (partition.num_extents != 1) {
-        LERROR << "Partition for new tables should not have more than one extent: "
-               << GetPartitionName(partition);
-        return false;
-    }
+    // Track which extent we're processing.
+    uint32_t extent_index = partition.first_extent_index;
 
-    const LpMetadataExtent& extent = metadata_.extents[partition.first_extent_index];
+    const LpMetadataExtent& extent = metadata_.extents[extent_index];
     if (extent.target_type != LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR) {
         LERROR << "Partition should only have linear extents: " << GetPartitionName(partition);
         return false;
@@ -252,9 +298,11 @@
         LERROR << "Could not compute image size";
         return false;
     }
-    if (file_length > extent.num_sectors * LP_SECTOR_SIZE) {
+    uint64_t partition_size = ComputePartitionSize(partition);
+    if (file_length > partition_size) {
         LERROR << "Image for partition '" << GetPartitionName(partition)
-               << "' is greater than its size";
+               << "' is greater than its size (" << file_length << ", expected " << partition_size
+               << ")";
         return false;
     }
     if (SeekFile64(fd, 0, SEEK_SET)) {
@@ -262,14 +310,39 @@
         return false;
     }
 
+    // We track the current logical sector and the position the current extent
+    // ends at.
+    uint64_t output_sector = 0;
+    uint64_t extent_last_sector = extent.num_sectors;
+
+    // We also track the output device and the current output block within that
+    // device.
     uint32_t output_block;
     if (!SectorToBlock(extent.target_data, &output_block)) {
         return false;
     }
+    sparse_file* output_device = device_images_[extent.target_source].get();
 
+    // Proceed to read the file and build sparse images.
     uint64_t pos = 0;
     uint64_t remaining = file_length;
     while (remaining) {
+        // Check if we need to advance to the next extent.
+        if (output_sector == extent_last_sector) {
+            extent_index++;
+            if (extent_index >= partition.first_extent_index + partition.num_extents) {
+                LERROR << "image is larger than extent table";
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            const LpMetadataExtent& extent = metadata_.extents[extent_index];
+            extent_last_sector += extent.num_sectors;
+            output_device = device_images_[extent.target_source].get();
+            if (!SectorToBlock(extent.target_data, &output_block)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
         uint32_t buffer[block_size_ / sizeof(uint32_t)];
         size_t read_size = remaining >= sizeof(buffer) ? sizeof(buffer) : size_t(remaining);
         if (!android::base::ReadFully(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) {
@@ -277,13 +350,13 @@
             return false;
         }
         if (read_size != sizeof(buffer) || !HasFillValue(buffer, read_size / sizeof(uint32_t))) {
-            int rv = sparse_file_add_fd(file_.get(), fd, pos, read_size, output_block);
+            int rv = sparse_file_add_fd(output_device, fd, pos, read_size, output_block);
             if (rv) {
                 LERROR << "sparse_file_add_fd failed with code: " << rv;
                 return false;
             }
         } else {
-            int rv = sparse_file_add_fill(file_.get(), buffer[0], read_size, output_block);
+            int rv = sparse_file_add_fill(output_device, buffer[0], read_size, output_block);
             if (rv) {
                 LERROR << "sparse_file_add_fill failed with code: " << rv;
                 return false;
@@ -291,46 +364,76 @@
         }
         pos += read_size;
         remaining -= read_size;
+        output_sector += block_size_ / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
         output_block++;
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
+uint64_t SparseBuilder::ComputePartitionSize(const LpMetadataPartition& partition) const {
+    uint64_t sectors = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < partition.num_extents; i++) {
+        sectors += metadata_.extents[partition.first_extent_index + i].num_sectors;
+    }
+    return sectors * LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+}
+
+// For simplicity, we don't allow serializing any configuration: extents must
+// be ordered, such that any extent at position I in the table occurs *before*
+// any extent after position I, for the same block device. We validate that
+// here.
+//
+// Without this, it would be more difficult to find the appropriate extent for
+// an output block. With this guarantee it is a linear walk.
+bool SparseBuilder::CheckExtentOrdering() {
+    std::vector<uint64_t> last_sectors(metadata_.block_devices.size());
+
+    for (const auto& extent : metadata_.extents) {
+        if (extent.target_type != LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR) {
+            LERROR << "Extents must all be type linear.";
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (extent.target_data <= last_sectors[extent.target_source]) {
+            LERROR << "Extents must appear in increasing order.";
+            return false;
+        }
+        if ((extent.num_sectors * LP_SECTOR_SIZE) % block_size_ != 0) {
+            LERROR << "Extents must be aligned to the block size.";
+            return false;
+        }
+        last_sectors[extent.target_source] = extent.target_data;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 int SparseBuilder::OpenImageFile(const std::string& file) {
-    android::base::unique_fd source_fd(open(file.c_str(), O_RDONLY));
+    android::base::unique_fd source_fd(open(file.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
     if (source_fd < 0) {
         PERROR << "open image file failed: " << file;
         return -1;
     }
 
-    std::unique_ptr<sparse_file, decltype(&sparse_file_destroy)> source(
-            sparse_file_import(source_fd, true, true), sparse_file_destroy);
+    SparsePtr source(sparse_file_import(source_fd, true, true), sparse_file_destroy);
     if (!source) {
         int fd = source_fd.get();
         temp_fds_.push_back(std::move(source_fd));
         return fd;
     }
 
-    char temp_file[PATH_MAX];
-    snprintf(temp_file, sizeof(temp_file), "%s/imageXXXXXX", P_tmpdir);
-    android::base::unique_fd temp_fd(mkstemp(temp_file));
-    if (temp_fd < 0) {
-        PERROR << "mkstemp failed";
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (unlink(temp_file) < 0) {
-        PERROR << "unlink failed";
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    if (tf.fd < 0) {
+        PERROR << "make temporary file failed";
         return -1;
     }
 
     // We temporarily unsparse the file, rather than try to merge its chunks.
-    int rv = sparse_file_write(source.get(), temp_fd, false, false, false);
+    int rv = sparse_file_write(source.get(), tf.fd, false, false, false);
     if (rv) {
         LERROR << "sparse_file_write failed with code: " << rv;
         return -1;
     }
-    temp_fds_.push_back(std::move(temp_fd));
+    temp_fds_.push_back(android::base::unique_fd(tf.release()));
     return temp_fds_.back().get();
 }
 
@@ -340,5 +443,11 @@
     return builder.IsValid() && builder.Build() && builder.Export(file);
 }
 
+bool WriteSplitSparseFiles(const std::string& output_dir, const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                           uint32_t block_size, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& images) {
+    SparseBuilder builder(metadata, block_size, images);
+    return builder.IsValid() && builder.Build() && builder.ExportFiles(output_dir);
+}
+
 }  // namespace fs_mgr
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/images.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/images.h
index a9ef8ce..44217a0 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/images.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/images.h
@@ -42,20 +42,26 @@
 
     bool Build();
     bool Export(const char* file);
-    bool IsValid() const { return file_ != nullptr; }
+    bool ExportFiles(const std::string& dir);
+    bool IsValid() const;
 
-    sparse_file* file() const { return file_.get(); }
+    using SparsePtr = std::unique_ptr<sparse_file, decltype(&sparse_file_destroy)>;
+    const std::vector<SparsePtr>& device_images() const { return device_images_; }
 
   private:
-    bool AddData(const std::string& blob, uint64_t sector);
+    bool AddData(sparse_file* file, const std::string& blob, uint64_t sector);
     bool AddPartitionImage(const LpMetadataPartition& partition, const std::string& file);
     int OpenImageFile(const std::string& file);
     bool SectorToBlock(uint64_t sector, uint32_t* block);
+    uint64_t BlockToSector(uint64_t block) const;
+    bool CheckExtentOrdering();
+    uint64_t ComputePartitionSize(const LpMetadataPartition& partition) const;
 
     const LpMetadata& metadata_;
     const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry_;
     uint32_t block_size_;
-    std::unique_ptr<sparse_file, decltype(&sparse_file_destroy)> file_;
+
+    std::vector<SparsePtr> device_images_;
     std::string all_metadata_;
     std::map<std::string, std::string> images_;
     std::vector<android::base::unique_fd> temp_fds_;
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/builder.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/builder.h
index f9de106..4bb38d6 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/builder.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/builder.h
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+#include <set>
 
 #include "liblp.h"
 #include "partition_opener.h"
@@ -149,10 +151,24 @@
     static std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> New(const std::string& super_partition,
                                                 uint32_t slot_number);
 
+    // This is when performing an A/B update. The source partition must be a
+    // super partition. On a normal device, the metadata for the source slot
+    // is imported and the target slot is ignored. On a retrofit device, the
+    // metadata may not have the target slot's devices listed yet, in which
+    // case, it is automatically upgraded to include all available block
+    // devices.
+    static std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> NewForUpdate(const IPartitionOpener& opener,
+                                                         const std::string& source_partition,
+                                                         uint32_t source_slot_number,
+                                                         uint32_t target_slot_number);
+
     // Import an existing table for modification. If the table is not valid, for
     // example it contains duplicate partition names, then nullptr is returned.
-    // This method is for testing or changing off-line tables.
-    static std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> New(const LpMetadata& metadata);
+    //
+    // If an IPartitionOpener is specified, then block device informatiom will
+    // be updated.
+    static std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> New(const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                                                const IPartitionOpener* opener = nullptr);
 
     // Helper function for a single super partition, for tests.
     static std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> New(const BlockDeviceInfo& device_info,
@@ -171,6 +187,9 @@
         return New(device_info, metadata_max_size, metadata_slot_count);
     }
 
+    // Used by the test harness to override whether the device is "A/B".
+    static void OverrideABForTesting(bool ab_device);
+
     // Define a new partition group. By default there is one group called
     // "default", with an unrestricted size. A non-zero size will restrict the
     // total space used by all partitions in the group.
@@ -222,9 +241,20 @@
     // Remove all partitions belonging to a group, then remove the group.
     void RemoveGroupAndPartitions(const std::string& group_name);
 
+    // Set the LP_METADATA_AUTO_SLOT_SUFFIXING flag.
+    void SetAutoSlotSuffixing();
+
     bool GetBlockDeviceInfo(const std::string& partition_name, BlockDeviceInfo* info) const;
     bool UpdateBlockDeviceInfo(const std::string& partition_name, const BlockDeviceInfo& info);
 
+    // Attempt to preserve the named partitions from an older metadata. If this
+    // is not possible (for example, the block device list has changed) then
+    // false is returned.
+    bool ImportPartitions(const LpMetadata& metadata, const std::set<std::string>& partition_names);
+
+    // Return true if a block device is found, else false.
+    bool HasBlockDevice(const std::string& partition_name) const;
+
   private:
     MetadataBuilder();
     MetadataBuilder(const MetadataBuilder&) = delete;
@@ -240,6 +270,11 @@
     uint64_t TotalSizeOfGroup(PartitionGroup* group) const;
     bool UpdateBlockDeviceInfo(size_t index, const BlockDeviceInfo& info);
     bool FindBlockDeviceByName(const std::string& partition_name, uint32_t* index) const;
+    bool ValidatePartitionSizeChange(Partition* partition, uint64_t old_size, uint64_t new_size);
+    void ImportExtents(Partition* dest, const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                       const LpMetadataPartition& source);
+    bool ImportPartition(const LpMetadata& metadata, const LpMetadataPartition& source);
+    bool IsABDevice() const;
 
     struct Interval {
         uint32_t device_index;
@@ -260,11 +295,15 @@
     void ExtentsToFreeList(const std::vector<Interval>& extents,
                            std::vector<Interval>* free_regions) const;
 
+    static bool sABOverrideValue;
+    static bool sABOverrideSet;
+
     LpMetadataGeometry geometry_;
     LpMetadataHeader header_;
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Partition>> partitions_;
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<PartitionGroup>> groups_;
     std::vector<LpMetadataBlockDevice> block_devices_;
+    bool auto_slot_suffixing_;
 };
 
 // Read BlockDeviceInfo for a given block device. This always returns false
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/liblp.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/liblp.h
index 4669cea..6348f55 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/liblp.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/liblp.h
@@ -75,9 +75,17 @@
 bool WriteToSparseFile(const char* file, const LpMetadata& metadata, uint32_t block_size,
                        const std::map<std::string, std::string>& images);
 bool WriteToImageFile(const char* file, const LpMetadata& metadata);
-std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadFromImageFile(const char* file);
+std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadFromImageFile(const std::string& image_file);
 std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadFromImageBlob(const void* data, size_t bytes);
 
+// Similar to WriteToSparseFile, this will generate an image that can be
+// flashed to a device directly. However unlike WriteToSparseFile, it
+// is intended for retrofit devices, and will generate one sparse file per
+// block device (each named super_<name>.img) and placed in the specified
+// output folder.
+bool WriteSplitSparseFiles(const std::string& output_dir, const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                           uint32_t block_size, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& images);
+
 // Helper to extract safe C++ strings from partition info.
 std::string GetPartitionName(const LpMetadataPartition& partition);
 std::string GetPartitionGroupName(const LpMetadataPartitionGroup& group);
@@ -90,8 +98,13 @@
 // Return the total size of all partitions comprising the super partition.
 uint64_t GetTotalSuperPartitionSize(const LpMetadata& metadata);
 
-// Helper to return a slot number for a slot suffix.
+// Get the list of block device names required by the given metadata.
+std::vector<std::string> GetBlockDevicePartitionNames(const LpMetadata& metadata);
+
+// Slot suffix helpers.
 uint32_t SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(const std::string& suffix);
+std::string SlotSuffixForSlotNumber(uint32_t slot_number);
+std::string GetPartitionSlotSuffix(const std::string& partition_name);
 
 }  // namespace fs_mgr
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/metadata_format.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/metadata_format.h
index 1e40df3..9c5ec5c 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/metadata_format.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/metadata_format.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 #define LP_METADATA_HEADER_MAGIC 0x414C5030
 
 /* Current metadata version. */
-#define LP_METADATA_MAJOR_VERSION 8
+#define LP_METADATA_MAJOR_VERSION 10
 #define LP_METADATA_MINOR_VERSION 0
 
 /* Attributes for the LpMetadataPartition::attributes field.
@@ -47,10 +47,19 @@
  * device mapper, the block device will be created as read-only.
  */
 #define LP_PARTITION_ATTR_NONE 0x0
-#define LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY 0x1
+#define LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY (1 << 0)
+
+/* This flag is only intended to be used with super_empty.img and super.img on
+ * retrofit devices. On these devices there are A and B super partitions, and
+ * we don't know ahead of time which slot the image will be applied to.
+ *
+ * If set, the partition name needs a slot suffix applied. The slot suffix is
+ * determined by the metadata slot number (0 = _a, 1 = _b).
+ */
+#define LP_PARTITION_ATTR_SLOT_SUFFIXED (1 << 1)
 
 /* Mask that defines all valid attributes. */
-#define LP_PARTITION_ATTRIBUTE_MASK (LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY)
+#define LP_PARTITION_ATTRIBUTE_MASK (LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY | LP_PARTITION_ATTR_SLOT_SUFFIXED)
 
 /* Default name of the physical partition that holds logical partition entries.
  * The layout of this partition will look like:
@@ -258,10 +267,19 @@
     /*  0: Name of this group. Any unused characters must be 0. */
     char name[36];
 
-    /* 36: Maximum size in bytes. If 0, the group has no maximum size. */
+    /* 36: Flags (see LP_GROUP_*). */
+    uint32_t flags;
+
+    /* 40: Maximum size in bytes. If 0, the group has no maximum size. */
     uint64_t maximum_size;
 } LpMetadataPartitionGroup;
 
+/* This flag is only intended to be used with super_empty.img and super.img on
+ * retrofit devices. If set, the group needs a slot suffix to be interpreted
+ * correctly. The suffix is automatically applied by ReadMetadata().
+ */
+#define LP_GROUP_SLOT_SUFFIXED (1 << 0)
+
 /* This struct defines an entry in the block_devices table. There must be at
  * least one device, and the first device must represent the partition holding
  * the super metadata.
@@ -302,8 +320,21 @@
 
     /* 24: Partition name in the GPT. Any unused characters must be 0. */
     char partition_name[36];
+
+    /* 60: Flags (see LP_BLOCK_DEVICE_* flags below). */
+    uint32_t flags;
 } LpMetadataBlockDevice;
 
+/* This flag is only intended to be used with super_empty.img and super.img on
+ * retrofit devices. On these devices there are A and B super partitions, and
+ * we don't know ahead of time which slot the image will be applied to.
+ *
+ * If set, the block device needs a slot suffix applied before being used with
+ * IPartitionOpener. The slot suffix is determined by the metadata slot number
+ * (0 = _a, 1 = _b).
+ */
+#define LP_BLOCK_DEVICE_SLOT_SUFFIXED (1 << 0)
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 } /* extern "C" */
 #endif
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/io_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/io_test.cpp
index 603e5c0..9f3314d 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/io_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/io_test.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 static const size_t kDiskSize = 131072;
 static const size_t kMetadataSize = 512;
 static const size_t kMetadataSlots = 2;
+static const BlockDeviceInfo kSuperInfo{"super", kDiskSize, 0, 0, 4096};
 
 // Helper function for creating an in-memory file descriptor. This lets us
 // simulate read/writing logical partition metadata as if we had a block device
@@ -79,6 +80,12 @@
     return builder;
 }
 
+class DefaultPartitionOpener final : public TestPartitionOpener {
+  public:
+    explicit DefaultPartitionOpener(int fd)
+        : TestPartitionOpener({{"super", fd}}, {{"super", kSuperInfo}}) {}
+};
+
 static bool AddDefaultPartitions(MetadataBuilder* builder) {
     Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_NONE);
     if (!system) {
@@ -103,7 +110,7 @@
         return {};
     }
 
-    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super", fd}});
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
     if (!FlashPartitionTable(opener, "super", *exported.get())) {
         return {};
     }
@@ -119,7 +126,7 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(GetDescriptorSize(fd, &size));
     ASSERT_EQ(size, kDiskSize);
 
-    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super", fd}});
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
 
     // Verify that we can't read unwritten metadata.
     ASSERT_EQ(ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 1), nullptr);
@@ -138,7 +145,7 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFakeDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
-    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super", fd}});
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
 
     EXPECT_FALSE(FlashPartitionTable(opener, "super", *exported.get()));
 }
@@ -152,7 +159,7 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFakeDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
-    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super", fd}});
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
 
     // Export and flash.
     unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
@@ -198,7 +205,7 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
-    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super", fd}});
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
 
     unique_ptr<LpMetadata> imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
@@ -243,7 +250,7 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
-    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super", fd}});
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
 
     // Make sure all slots are filled.
     unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
@@ -262,7 +269,7 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
-    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super", fd}});
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
 
     unique_ptr<LpMetadata> imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
@@ -291,7 +298,7 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
-    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super", fd}});
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
 
     LpMetadataGeometry geometry;
     ASSERT_GE(lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET), 0);
@@ -310,7 +317,7 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
-    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super", fd}});
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
 
     char corruption[LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE];
     memset(corruption, 0xff, sizeof(corruption));
@@ -330,7 +337,7 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
-    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super", fd}});
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
 
     unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
 
@@ -378,7 +385,7 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFakeDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
-    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super", fd}});
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
 
     // Check that we are able to write our table.
     ASSERT_TRUE(FlashPartitionTable(opener, "super", *exported.get()));
@@ -487,7 +494,7 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
-    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super", fd}});
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
 
     BadWriter writer;
 
@@ -515,7 +522,7 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
-    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super", fd}});
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
 
     BadWriter writer;
 
@@ -544,7 +551,7 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
-    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super", fd}});
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
 
     BadWriter writer;
 
@@ -593,12 +600,14 @@
     // Build the sparse file.
     SparseBuilder sparse(*exported.get(), 512, {});
     ASSERT_TRUE(sparse.IsValid());
-    sparse_file_verbose(sparse.file());
     ASSERT_TRUE(sparse.Build());
 
+    const auto& images = sparse.device_images();
+    ASSERT_EQ(images.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+
     // Write it to the fake disk.
     ASSERT_NE(lseek(fd.get(), 0, SEEK_SET), -1);
-    int ret = sparse_file_write(sparse.file(), fd.get(), false, false, false);
+    int ret = sparse_file_write(images[0].get(), fd.get(), false, false, false);
     ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
 
     // Verify that we can read both sets of metadata.
@@ -608,3 +617,88 @@
     ASSERT_NE(ReadPrimaryMetadata(fd.get(), geometry, 0), nullptr);
     ASSERT_NE(ReadBackupMetadata(fd.get(), geometry, 0), nullptr);
 }
+
+TEST(liblp, AutoSlotSuffixing) {
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = CreateDefaultBuilder();
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(AddDefaultPartitions(builder.get()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->AddGroup("example", 0));
+    builder->SetAutoSlotSuffixing();
+
+    auto fd = CreateFakeDisk();
+    ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+    // Note: we bind the same fd to both names, since we want to make sure the
+    // exact same bits are getting read back in each test.
+    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super_a", fd}, {"super_b", fd}},
+                               {{"super_a", kSuperInfo}, {"super_b", kSuperInfo}});
+    auto exported = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(FlashPartitionTable(opener, "super_a", *exported.get()));
+
+    auto metadata = ReadMetadata(opener, "super_b", 1);
+    ASSERT_NE(metadata, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(metadata->partitions.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionName(metadata->partitions[0]), "system_b");
+    ASSERT_EQ(metadata->block_devices.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetBlockDevicePartitionName(metadata->block_devices[0]), "super_b");
+    ASSERT_EQ(metadata->groups.size(), static_cast<size_t>(2));
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionGroupName(metadata->groups[0]), "default");
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionGroupName(metadata->groups[1]), "example_b");
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->groups[0].flags, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->groups[1].flags, 0);
+
+    metadata = ReadMetadata(opener, "super_a", 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(metadata, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(metadata->partitions.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionName(metadata->partitions[0]), "system_a");
+    ASSERT_EQ(metadata->block_devices.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetBlockDevicePartitionName(metadata->block_devices[0]), "super_a");
+    ASSERT_EQ(metadata->groups.size(), static_cast<size_t>(2));
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionGroupName(metadata->groups[0]), "default");
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionGroupName(metadata->groups[1]), "example_a");
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->groups[0].flags, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->groups[1].flags, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(liblp, UpdateRetrofit) {
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = CreateDefaultBuilder();
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(AddDefaultPartitions(builder.get()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->AddGroup("example", 0));
+    builder->SetAutoSlotSuffixing();
+
+    auto fd = CreateFakeDisk();
+    ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+    // Note: we bind the same fd to both names, since we want to make sure the
+    // exact same bits are getting read back in each test.
+    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super_a", fd}, {"super_b", fd}},
+                               {{"super_a", kSuperInfo}, {"super_b", kSuperInfo}});
+    auto exported = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(FlashPartitionTable(opener, "super_a", *exported.get()));
+
+    builder = MetadataBuilder::NewForUpdate(opener, "super_a", 0, 1);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+    auto updated = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(updated, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(updated->block_devices.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetBlockDevicePartitionName(updated->block_devices[0]), "super_b");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(updated->groups.empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(updated->partitions.empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(updated->extents.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(liblp, UpdateNonRetrofit) {
+    unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
+    ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
+    auto builder = MetadataBuilder::NewForUpdate(opener, "super", 0, 1);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+    auto updated = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(updated, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(updated->block_devices.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetBlockDevicePartitionName(updated->block_devices[0]), "super");
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/partition_opener.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/partition_opener.cpp
index 77b0e62..898f241 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/partition_opener.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/partition_opener.cpp
@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@
 #if defined(__linux__)
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #endif
+#if !defined(_WIN32)
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
+#endif
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
@@ -53,18 +54,18 @@
         return false;
     }
     if (ioctl(fd, BLKIOMIN, &device_info->alignment) < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "BLKIOMIN failed";
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "BLKIOMIN failed on " << block_device;
         return false;
     }
 
     int alignment_offset;
     if (ioctl(fd, BLKALIGNOFF, &alignment_offset) < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "BLKIOMIN failed";
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "BLKALIGNOFF failed on " << block_device;
         return false;
     }
     int logical_block_size;
     if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &logical_block_size) < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "BLKSSZGET failed";
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "BLKSSZGET failed on " << block_device;
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@
 
 unique_fd PartitionOpener::Open(const std::string& partition_name, int flags) const {
     std::string path = GetPartitionAbsolutePath(partition_name);
-    return unique_fd{open(path.c_str(), flags)};
+    return unique_fd{open(path.c_str(), flags | O_CLOEXEC)};
 }
 
 bool PartitionOpener::GetInfo(const std::string& partition_name, BlockDeviceInfo* info) const {
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.cpp
index a02e746..24c6b2c 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.cpp
@@ -348,6 +348,49 @@
     return ParseMetadata(geometry, fd);
 }
 
+namespace {
+
+bool AdjustMetadataForSlot(LpMetadata* metadata, uint32_t slot_number) {
+    std::string slot_suffix = SlotSuffixForSlotNumber(slot_number);
+    for (auto& partition : metadata->partitions) {
+        if (!(partition.attributes & LP_PARTITION_ATTR_SLOT_SUFFIXED)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::string partition_name = GetPartitionName(partition) + slot_suffix;
+        if (partition_name.size() > sizeof(partition.name)) {
+            LERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " partition name too long: " << partition_name;
+            return false;
+        }
+        strncpy(partition.name, partition_name.c_str(), sizeof(partition.name));
+        partition.attributes &= ~LP_PARTITION_ATTR_SLOT_SUFFIXED;
+    }
+    for (auto& block_device : metadata->block_devices) {
+        if (!(block_device.flags & LP_BLOCK_DEVICE_SLOT_SUFFIXED)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::string partition_name = GetBlockDevicePartitionName(block_device) + slot_suffix;
+        if (!UpdateBlockDevicePartitionName(&block_device, partition_name)) {
+            LERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " partition name too long: " << partition_name;
+            return false;
+        }
+        block_device.flags &= ~LP_BLOCK_DEVICE_SLOT_SUFFIXED;
+    }
+    for (auto& group : metadata->groups) {
+        if (!(group.flags & LP_GROUP_SLOT_SUFFIXED)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::string group_name = GetPartitionGroupName(group) + slot_suffix;
+        if (!UpdatePartitionGroupName(&group, group_name)) {
+            LERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " group name too long: " << group_name;
+            return false;
+        }
+        group.flags &= ~LP_GROUP_SLOT_SUFFIXED;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
 std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadMetadata(const IPartitionOpener& opener,
                                          const std::string& super_partition, uint32_t slot_number) {
     android::base::unique_fd fd = opener.Open(super_partition, O_RDONLY);
@@ -360,18 +403,30 @@
     if (!ReadLogicalPartitionGeometry(fd, &geometry)) {
         return nullptr;
     }
-
     if (slot_number >= geometry.metadata_slot_count) {
         LERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " invalid metadata slot number";
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    // Read the primary copy, and if that fails, try the backup.
-    std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = ReadPrimaryMetadata(fd, geometry, slot_number);
-    if (metadata) {
-        return metadata;
+    std::vector<int64_t> offsets = {
+            GetPrimaryMetadataOffset(geometry, slot_number),
+            GetBackupMetadataOffset(geometry, slot_number),
+    };
+    std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata;
+
+    for (const auto& offset : offsets) {
+        if (SeekFile64(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+            PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " lseek failed, offset " << offset;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if ((metadata = ParseMetadata(geometry, fd)) != nullptr) {
+            break;
+        }
     }
-    return ReadBackupMetadata(fd, geometry, slot_number);
+    if (!metadata || !AdjustMetadataForSlot(metadata.get(), slot_number)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return metadata;
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadMetadata(const std::string& super_partition, uint32_t slot_number) {
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.h
index d5d5188..7a2490b 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.h
@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@
 bool ReadPrimaryGeometry(int fd, LpMetadataGeometry* geometry);
 bool ReadBackupGeometry(int fd, LpMetadataGeometry* geometry);
 
-// These functions assume a valid geometry and slot number.
+// These functions assume a valid geometry and slot number, and do not obey
+// auto-slot-suffixing. They are used for tests and for checking whether
+// the metadata is coherent across primary and backup copies.
 std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadPrimaryMetadata(int fd, const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry,
                                                 uint32_t slot_number);
 std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadBackupMetadata(int fd, const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry,
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/utility.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/utility.cpp
index 742ad82..9ccabe9 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/utility.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/utility.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 namespace fs_mgr {
 
 bool GetDescriptorSize(int fd, uint64_t* size) {
+#if !defined(_WIN32)
     struct stat s;
     if (fstat(fd, &s) < 0) {
         PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "fstat failed";
@@ -39,6 +40,7 @@
         *size = get_block_device_size(fd);
         return *size != 0;
     }
+#endif
 
     int64_t result = SeekFile64(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
     if (result == -1) {
@@ -97,15 +99,15 @@
 }
 
 uint32_t SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(const std::string& suffix) {
-    if (suffix.empty()) {
+    if (suffix.empty() || suffix == "a" || suffix == "_a") {
         return 0;
-    }
-    if (suffix.size() != 2 || suffix[0] != '_' || suffix[1] < 'a') {
+    } else if (suffix == "b" || suffix == "_b") {
+        return 1;
+    } else {
         LERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "slot '" << suffix
                << "' does not have a recognized format.";
         return 0;
     }
-    return suffix[1] - 'a';
 }
 
 uint64_t GetTotalSuperPartitionSize(const LpMetadata& metadata) {
@@ -116,5 +118,42 @@
     return size;
 }
 
+std::vector<std::string> GetBlockDevicePartitionNames(const LpMetadata& metadata) {
+    std::vector<std::string> list;
+    for (const auto& block_device : metadata.block_devices) {
+        list.emplace_back(GetBlockDevicePartitionName(block_device));
+    }
+    return list;
+}
+
+std::string GetPartitionSlotSuffix(const std::string& partition_name) {
+    if (partition_name.size() <= 2) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    std::string suffix = partition_name.substr(partition_name.size() - 2);
+    return (suffix == "_a" || suffix == "_b") ? suffix : "";
+}
+
+std::string SlotSuffixForSlotNumber(uint32_t slot_number) {
+    CHECK(slot_number == 0 || slot_number == 1);
+    return (slot_number == 0) ? "_a" : "_b";
+}
+
+bool UpdateBlockDevicePartitionName(LpMetadataBlockDevice* device, const std::string& name) {
+    if (name.size() > sizeof(device->partition_name)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    strncpy(device->partition_name, name.c_str(), sizeof(device->partition_name));
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool UpdatePartitionGroupName(LpMetadataPartitionGroup* group, const std::string& name) {
+    if (name.size() > sizeof(group->name)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    strncpy(group->name, name.c_str(), sizeof(group->name));
+    return true;
+}
+
 }  // namespace fs_mgr
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/utility.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/utility.h
index 65e643b..8b70919 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/utility.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/utility.h
@@ -84,6 +84,10 @@
     return aligned;
 }
 
+// Update names from C++ strings.
+bool UpdateBlockDevicePartitionName(LpMetadataBlockDevice* device, const std::string& name);
+bool UpdatePartitionGroupName(LpMetadataPartitionGroup* group, const std::string& name);
+
 }  // namespace fs_mgr
 }  // namespace android
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/utility_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/utility_test.cpp
index bdf6dfd..15f7fff 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/utility_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/utility_test.cpp
@@ -24,10 +24,17 @@
 
 TEST(liblp, SlotNumberForSlotSuffix) {
     EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(""), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix("a"), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix("_a"), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix("b"), 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix("_b"), 1);
-    EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix("_c"), 2);
-    EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix("_d"), 3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix("_c"), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix("_d"), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(liblp, SlotSuffixForSlotNumber) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(SlotSuffixForSlotNumber(0), "_a");
+    EXPECT_EQ(SlotSuffixForSlotNumber(1), "_b");
 }
 
 TEST(liblp, GetMetadataOffset) {
@@ -60,3 +67,11 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(AlignTo(32, 32, 30), 62);
     EXPECT_EQ(AlignTo(17, 32, 30), 30);
 }
+
+TEST(liblp, GetPartitionSlotSuffix) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionSlotSuffix("system"), "");
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionSlotSuffix("_"), "");
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionSlotSuffix("_a"), "");
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionSlotSuffix("system_a"), "_a");
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionSlotSuffix("system_b"), "_b");
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/writer.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/writer.cpp
index c740bd4..d8195ca 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/writer.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/writer.cpp
@@ -82,12 +82,8 @@
 
 // Perform sanity checks so we don't accidentally overwrite valid metadata
 // with potentially invalid metadata, or random partition data with metadata.
-static bool ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(int fd, const LpMetadata& metadata, std::string* blob) {
-    uint64_t blockdevice_size;
-    if (!GetDescriptorSize(fd, &blockdevice_size)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
+static bool ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(const IPartitionOpener& opener, const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                                         const std::string& slot_suffix, std::string* blob) {
     const LpMetadataHeader& header = metadata.header;
     const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry = metadata.geometry;
 
@@ -104,7 +100,7 @@
     // metadata.
     uint64_t reserved_size = LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE +
                              uint64_t(geometry.metadata_max_size) * geometry.metadata_slot_count;
-    uint64_t total_reserved = reserved_size * 2;
+    uint64_t total_reserved = LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES + reserved_size * 2;
 
     const LpMetadataBlockDevice* super_device = GetMetadataSuperBlockDevice(metadata);
     if (!super_device) {
@@ -112,15 +108,36 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (total_reserved > blockdevice_size ||
-        total_reserved > super_device->first_logical_sector * LP_SECTOR_SIZE) {
+    if (total_reserved > super_device->first_logical_sector * LP_SECTOR_SIZE) {
         LERROR << "Not enough space to store all logical partition metadata slots.";
         return false;
     }
-    if (blockdevice_size != super_device->size) {
-        LERROR << "Block device size " << blockdevice_size
-               << " does not match metadata requested size " << super_device->size;
-        return false;
+    for (const auto& block_device : metadata.block_devices) {
+        std::string partition_name = GetBlockDevicePartitionName(block_device);
+        if (block_device.flags & LP_BLOCK_DEVICE_SLOT_SUFFIXED) {
+            if (slot_suffix.empty()) {
+                LERROR << "Block device " << partition_name << " requires a slot suffix,"
+                       << " which could not be derived from the super partition name.";
+                return false;
+            }
+            partition_name += slot_suffix;
+        }
+
+        if ((block_device.first_logical_sector + 1) * LP_SECTOR_SIZE > block_device.size) {
+            LERROR << "Block device " << partition_name << " has invalid first sector "
+                   << block_device.first_logical_sector << " for size " << block_device.size;
+            return false;
+        }
+        BlockDeviceInfo info;
+        if (!opener.GetInfo(partition_name, &info)) {
+            PERROR << partition_name << ": ioctl";
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (info.size != block_device.size) {
+            LERROR << "Block device " << partition_name << " size mismatch (expected"
+                   << block_device.size << ", got " << info.size << ")";
+            return false;
+        }
     }
 
     // Make sure all partition entries reference valid extents.
@@ -218,6 +235,10 @@
     return android::base::WriteFully(fd, blob.data(), blob.size());
 }
 
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+static const int O_SYNC = 0;
+#endif
+
 bool FlashPartitionTable(const IPartitionOpener& opener, const std::string& super_partition,
                          const LpMetadata& metadata) {
     android::base::unique_fd fd = opener.Open(super_partition, O_RDWR | O_SYNC);
@@ -226,11 +247,16 @@
         return false;
     }
 
+    // This is only used in update_engine and fastbootd, where the super
+    // partition should be specified as a name (or by-name link), and
+    // therefore, we should be able to extract a slot suffix.
+    std::string slot_suffix = GetPartitionSlotSuffix(super_partition);
+
     // Before writing geometry and/or logical partition tables, perform some
     // basic checks that the geometry and tables are coherent, and will fit
     // on the given block device.
     std::string metadata_blob;
-    if (!ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(fd, metadata, &metadata_blob)) {
+    if (!ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(opener, metadata, slot_suffix, &metadata_blob)) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -291,11 +317,13 @@
         return false;
     }
 
+    std::string slot_suffix = SlotSuffixForSlotNumber(slot_number);
+
     // Before writing geometry and/or logical partition tables, perform some
     // basic checks that the geometry and tables are coherent, and will fit
     // on the given block device.
     std::string blob;
-    if (!ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(fd, metadata, &blob)) {
+    if (!ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(opener, metadata, slot_suffix, &blob)) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -327,7 +355,7 @@
         // synchronize the backup copy. This guarantees that a partial write
         // still leaves one copy intact.
         std::string old_blob;
-        if (!ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(fd, *primary.get(), &old_blob)) {
+        if (!ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(opener, *primary.get(), slot_suffix, &old_blob)) {
             LERROR << "Error serializing primary metadata to repair corrupted backup";
             return false;
         }
@@ -339,7 +367,7 @@
         // The backup copy is coherent, and the primary is not. Sync it for
         // safety.
         std::string old_blob;
-        if (!ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(fd, *backup.get(), &old_blob)) {
+        if (!ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(opener, *backup.get(), slot_suffix, &old_blob)) {
             LERROR << "Error serializing primary metadata to repair corrupted backup";
             return false;
         }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/tests/adb-remount-test.sh b/fs_mgr/tests/adb-remount-test.sh
index b6a8eef..c7c86eb 100755
--- a/fs_mgr/tests/adb-remount-test.sh
+++ b/fs_mgr/tests/adb-remount-test.sh
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 GREEN="${ESCAPE}[38;5;40m"
 RED="${ESCAPE}[38;5;196m"
 ORANGE="${ESCAPE}[38;5;255:165:0m"
+BLUE="${ESCAPE}[35m"
 NORMAL="${ESCAPE}[0m"
 
 # Helper functions
@@ -52,11 +53,28 @@
   adb shell "${@}"
 }
 
+[ "USAGE: adb_date >/dev/stdout
+
+Returns: report device epoch time (suitable for logcat -t)" ]
+adb_date() {
+  adb_sh date +%s.%N </dev/null
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: adb_logcat [arguments] >/dev/stdout
+
+Returns: the logcat output" ]
+adb_logcat() {
+  echo "${RED}[     INFO ]${NORMAL} logcat ${@}" >&2 &&
+  adb logcat "${@}" </dev/null |
+    grep -v 'logd    : logdr: UID=' |
+    sed -e '${/------- beginning of kernel/d}' -e 's/^[0-1][0-9]-[0-3][0-9] //'
+}
+
 [ "USAGE: get_property <prop>
 
 Returns the property value" ]
 get_property() {
-  adb_sh getprop ${1} 2>&1 </dev/null
+  adb_sh getprop ${1} </dev/null
 }
 
 [ "USAGE: isDebuggable
@@ -90,12 +108,13 @@
 
 Returns: true if the reboot command succeeded" ]
 adb_reboot() {
-  adb reboot remount-test
+  adb reboot remount-test &&
+  sleep 2
 }
 
 [ "USAGE: adb_wait [timeout]
 
-Returns: waits until the device has returned or the optional timeout" ]
+Returns: waits until the device has returned for adb or optional timeout" ]
 adb_wait() {
   if [ -n "${1}" ]; then
     timeout --preserve-status --signal=KILL ${1} adb wait-for-device
@@ -104,17 +123,73 @@
   fi
 }
 
+[ "USAGE: fastboot_wait [timeout]
+
+Returns: waits until the device has returned for fastboot or optional timeout" ]
+fastboot_wait() {
+  # fastboot has no wait-for-device, but it does an automatic
+  # wait and requires (even a nonsensical) command to do so.
+  if [ -n "${1}" ]; then
+    timeout --preserve-status --signal=KILL ${1} fastboot wait-for-device
+  else
+    fastboot wait-for-device >/dev/null
+  fi >/dev/null 2>/dev/null ||
+    inFastboot
+}
+
 [ "USAGE: adb_root
 
+NB: This can be flakey on devices due to USB state
+
 Returns: true if device in root state" ]
 adb_root() {
-  adb root >/dev/null </dev/null 2>&1 &&
-  sleep 1 &&
-  adb_wait &&
-  sleep 1
+  adb root >/dev/null </dev/null 2>/dev/null
+  sleep 2
+  adb_wait 2m &&
+    [ `adb_sh echo '${USER}'` = root ]
 }
 
+[ "USAGE: fastboot_getvar var expected
+
+Returns: true if var output matches expected" ]
+fastboot_getvar() {
+  O=`fastboot getvar ${1} 2>&1`
+  err=${?}
+  O="${O#< waiting for * >?}"
+  O="${O%%?Finished. Total time: *}"
+  if [ 0 -ne ${err} ]; then
+    echo ${O} >&2
+    false
+    return
+  fi
+  if [ "${O}" != "${O#*FAILED}" ]; then
+    O="${1}: <empty>"
+  fi
+  if [ -n "${2}" -a "${1}: ${2}" != "${O}" ]; then
+    echo "${2} != ${O}" >&2
+    false
+    return
+  fi
+  echo ${O} >&2
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: die [-d|-t <epoch>] [message] >/dev/stderr
+
+If -d, or -t <epoch> argument is supplied, dump logcat.
+
+Returns: exit failure, report status" ]
 die() {
+  if [ X"-d" = X"${1}" ]; then
+    adb_logcat -b all -v nsec -d >&2
+    shift
+  elif [ X"-t" = X"${1}" ]; then
+    if [ -n "${2}" ]; then
+      adb_logcat -b all -v nsec -t ${2} >&2
+    else
+      adb_logcat -b all -v nsec -d >&2
+    fi
+    shift 2
+  fi
   echo "${RED}[  FAILED  ]${NORMAL} ${@}" >&2
   exit 1
 }
@@ -176,11 +251,20 @@
     die "${@}"
 }
 
-[ "USAGE: skip_administrative_mounts
+[ "USAGE: skip_administrative_mounts [data] < /proc/mounts
 
-Filters out all administrative (eg: sysfs) mounts" ]
+Filters out all administrative (eg: sysfs) mounts uninteresting to the test" ]
 skip_administrative_mounts() {
-  grep -v -e "^\(overlay\|tmpfs\|none\|sysfs\|proc\|selinuxfs\|debugfs\|bpf\|cg2_bpf\|pstore\|tracefs\|adb\|mtp\|ptp\|devpts\|/data/media\) " -e " /\(cache\|mnt/scratch\|mnt/vendor/persist\|metadata\|data\) "
+  if [ "data" = "${1}" ]; then
+    grep -v " /data "
+  else
+    cat -
+  fi |
+  grep -v \
+    -e "^\(overlay\|tmpfs\|none\|sysfs\|proc\|selinuxfs\|debugfs\) " \
+    -e "^\(bpf\|cg2_bpf\|pstore\|tracefs\|adb\|mtp\|ptp\|devpts\) " \
+    -e "^\(/data/media\|/dev/block/loop[0-9]*\) " \
+    -e " /\(cache\|mnt/scratch\|mnt/vendor/persist\|metadata\) "
 }
 
 if [ X"-s" = X"${1}" -a -n "${2}" ]; then
@@ -197,53 +281,130 @@
 isDebuggable || die "device not a debug build"
 
 # Do something
+
+echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} Testing kernel support for overlayfs" >&2
+
 adb_wait || die "wait for device failed"
-adb_sh ls -d /sys/module/overlay </dev/null || die "overlay module not present"
-adb_su ls /sys/module/overlay/parameters/override_creds </dev/null ||
+adb_sh ls -d /sys/module/overlay </dev/null >/dev/null &&
+  echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} overlay module present" >&2 ||
+  die "overlay module not present"
+adb_su ls /sys/module/overlay/parameters/override_creds </dev/null >/dev/null &&
+  echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} overlay module supports override_creds" >&2 ||
   die "overlay module can not be used on ANDROID"
-adb_root &&
-  adb_wait &&
-  D=`adb disable-verity 2>&1` ||
-    die "setup for overlay"
-echo "${D}"
+adb_root ||
+  die "initial setup"
+
+echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} Checking current overlayfs status" >&2
+
+reboot=false
+OVERLAYFS_BACKING="cache mnt/scratch"
+for d in ${OVERLAYFS_BACKING}; do
+  if adb_sh ls -d /${d}/overlay </dev/null >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
+    echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} /${d}/overlay is setup, wiping" >&2
+    adb_sh rm -rf /${d}/overlay </dev/null ||
+      die "/${d}/overlay wipe"
+    reboot=true
+  fi
+done
+if ${reboot}; then
+  echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} rebooting before test" >&2
+  adb_reboot &&
+    adb_wait 2m &&
+    adb_root ||
+    die "reboot after wipe"
+fi
+D=`adb_sh df -k </dev/null` &&
+  H=`echo "${D}" | head -1` &&
+  D=`echo "${D}" | grep "^overlay "` &&
+  echo "${H}" &&
+  echo "${D}" &&
+  echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} overlays present before setup" >&2 ||
+  echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} no overlay present before setup" >&2
+adb_sh df -k `adb_sh cat /proc/mounts |
+                skip_administrative_mounts data |
+                cut -s -d' ' -f1`
+
+echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} disable verity" >&2
+
+T=`adb_date`
+D=`adb disable-verity 2>&1`
+err=${?}
+if [ ${err} != 0 -o X"${D}" != X"${D##*setup failed}" ]; then
+  echo "${D%?Now reboot your device for settings to take effect}"
+  die -t ${T} "setup for overlay"
+fi
 if [ X"${D}" != X"${D##*using overlayfs}" ]; then
   echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} using overlayfs" >&2
 fi
-if adb_sh ls -d /data/overlay </dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-  echo "/data/overlay setup, clearing out" >&2
-  adb_sh rm -rf /data/overlay </dev/null ||
-    die "/data/overlay removal"
+reboot=false
+if [ X"${D}" != X"${D##*Successfully disabled verity}" ]; then
+  echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} disabled verity" >&2
+  reboot=true
+else
+  echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} verity already disabled" >&2
 fi
-adb_sh ls -d /cache/overlay </dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 ||
-  adb_sh ls -d /mnt/scratch/overlay </dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 ||
-  die "overlay directory setup"
-adb_reboot &&
-  adb_wait &&
-  adb_sh df -k </dev/null | head -1 &&
-  adb_sh df -k </dev/null | grep "^overlay " ||
-  die "overlay takeover failed"
-adb_sh df -k </dev/null | grep "^overlay .* /system\$" >/dev/null ||
-  echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} overlay takeover before remount not complete" >&2
+D=`adb_sh df -k </dev/null` &&
+  H=`echo "${D}" | head -1` &&
+  D=`echo "${D}" | grep "^overlay " | true` &&
+  [ -n "${D}" ] &&
+  ( echo "${H}" && echo "${D}" && true ) &&
+  die -t ${T} "overlay takeover unexpected"
+L=
+if ${reboot}; then
+  L=`adb_logcat -b all -v nsec -t ${T} 2>&1`
+  adb_reboot &&
+    adb_wait 2m ||
+    die "reboot after verity disabled failed"
+  T=
+fi
+
+echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} remount" >&2
 
 adb_root &&
-  adb_wait &&
-  adb remount &&
-  adb_sh df -k </dev/null | head -1 &&
-  adb_sh df -k </dev/null | grep "^overlay " &&
-  adb_sh df -k </dev/null | grep "^overlay .* /system\$" >/dev/null ||
+  adb remount ||
+  ( [ -n "${L}" ] && echo "${L}" && false ) ||
+  die -t "${T}" "adb remount failed"
+D=`adb_sh df -k </dev/null` &&
+  H=`echo "${D}" | head -1` &&
+  D=`echo "${D}" | grep "^overlay "` ||
+  ( [ -n "${L}" ] && echo "${L}" && false ) ||
+  die -t ${T} "overlay takeover failed"
+echo "${D}" | grep "^overlay .* /system\$" >/dev/null ||
+  echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} overlay takeover not complete" >&2
+scratch_partition=scratch
+if echo "${D}" | grep " /mnt/scratch" >/dev/null; then
+  echo "${BLUE}[     INFO ]${NORMAL} using ${scratch_partition} dynamic partition for overrides" >&2
+fi
+M=`adb_sh cat /proc/mounts | sed -n 's@\([^ ]*\) /mnt/scratch \([^ ]*\) .*@\2 on \1@p'`
+[ -n "${M}" ] &&
+  echo "${BLUE}[     INFO ]${NORMAL} scratch filesystem ${M}"
+scratch_size=`adb_sh df -k /mnt/scratch </dev/null 2>/dev/null |
+              while read device kblocks used available use mounted on; do
+                if [ "/mnt/scratch" = "\${mounted}" ]; then
+                  echo \${kblocks}
+                fi
+              done` &&
+  [ -n "${scratch_size}" ] ||
+  die "scratch size"
+echo "${BLUE}[     INFO ]${NORMAL} scratch size ${scratch_size}KB" >&2
+for d in ${OVERLAYFS_BACKING}; do
+  if adb_sh ls -d /${d}/overlay/system/upper </dev/null >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
+    echo "${BLUE}[     INFO ]${NORMAL} /${d}/overlay is setup" >&2
+  fi
+done
+
+echo "${H}" &&
+  echo "${D}" &&
+  echo "${D}" | grep "^overlay .* /system\$" >/dev/null ||
   die  "overlay takeover after remount"
 !(adb_sh grep "^overlay " /proc/mounts </dev/null | grep " overlay ro,") &&
-  !(adb_sh grep " rw," /proc/mounts </dev/null |
-  skip_administrative_mounts) ||
-    die "remount overlayfs missed a spot"
-
-adb_su "sed -n '1,/overlay \\/system/p' /proc/mounts" </dev/null |
-  skip_administrative_mounts |
-  grep -v ' \(squashfs\|ext4\|f2fs\) ' &&
-  echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} overlay takeover after first stage init" >&2 ||
-  echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} overlay takeover in first stage init" >&2
+  !(adb_sh grep " rw," /proc/mounts </dev/null | skip_administrative_mounts data) ||
+  die "remount overlayfs missed a spot (ro)"
 
 # Check something
+
+echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} push content to system and vendor" >&2
+
 A="Hello World! $(date)"
 echo "${A}" | adb_sh "cat - > /system/hello"
 echo "${A}" | adb_sh "cat - > /vendor/hello"
@@ -253,9 +414,26 @@
 B="`adb_cat /vendor/hello`" ||
   die "vendor hello"
 check_eq "${A}" "${B}" vendor before reboot
+
+echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} reboot to confirm content persistent" >&2
+
 adb_reboot &&
-  adb_wait &&
-  B="`adb_cat /system/hello`" ||
+  adb_wait 2m ||
+  die "reboot after override content added failed"
+
+D=`adb_su df -k </dev/null` &&
+  H=`echo "${D}" | head -1` &&
+  D=`echo "${D}" | grep "^overlay "` ||
+  ( echo "${L}" && false ) ||
+  die -d "overlay takeover failed after reboot"
+
+adb_su "sed -n '1,/overlay \\/system/p' /proc/mounts" </dev/null |
+  skip_administrative_mounts |
+  grep -v ' \(squashfs\|ext4\|f2fs\) ' &&
+  echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} overlay takeover after first stage init" >&2 ||
+  echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} overlay takeover in first stage init" >&2
+
+B="`adb_cat /system/hello`" ||
   die "re-read system hello after reboot"
 check_eq "${A}" "${B}" system after reboot
 # Only root can read vendor if sepolicy permissions are as expected
@@ -263,38 +441,63 @@
   die "re-read vendor hello after reboot w/o root"
 check_eq "cat: /vendor/hello: Permission denied" "${B}" vendor after reboot w/o root
 adb_root &&
-  adb_wait &&
   B="`adb_cat /vendor/hello`" ||
   die "re-read vendor hello after reboot"
 check_eq "${A}" "${B}" vendor after reboot
 
-adb reboot-fastboot &&
-  fastboot flash vendor &&
-  fastboot reboot ||
-  die "fastbootd flash vendor"
-adb_wait &&
-  adb_root &&
-  adb_wait &&
-  adb_sh df -k </dev/null | head -1 &&
-  adb_sh df -k </dev/null | grep "^overlay " &&
-  adb_sh df -k </dev/null | grep "^overlay .* /system\$" >/dev/null ||
+echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} flash vendor, confirm its content disappears" >&2
+
+[ -n "${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT}" ] &&
+  adb reboot-fastboot &&
+  fastboot_wait 2m &&
+  fastboot flash vendor ||
+  ( fastboot reboot && false) ||
+  die "fastboot flash vendor"
+# check ${scratch_partition} via fastboot
+fastboot_getvar partition-type:${scratch_partition} raw &&
+  fastboot_getvar has-slot:${scratch_partition} no &&
+  fastboot_getvar is-logical:${scratch_partition} yes ||
+  ( fastboot reboot && false) ||
+  die "fastboot can not see ${scratch_partition} parameters"
+echo "${BLUE}[     INFO ]${NORMAL} expect fastboot erase ${scratch_partition} to fail" >&2
+fastboot erase ${scratch_partition} &&
+  ( fastboot reboot || true) &&
+  die "fastboot can erase ${scratch_partition}"
+echo "${BLUE}[     INFO ]${NORMAL} expect fastboot format ${scratch_partition} to fail" >&2
+fastboot format ${scratch_partition} &&
+  ( fastboot reboot || true) &&
+  die "fastboot can format ${scratch_partition}"
+fastboot reboot ||
+  die "can not reboot out of fastboot"
+echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} adb after fastboot ... waiting 2 minutes"
+adb_wait 2m ||
+  die "did not reboot after flash"
+adb_root &&
+  D=`adb_sh df -k </dev/null` &&
+  H=`echo "${D}" | head -1` &&
+  D=`echo "${D}" | grep "^overlay "` &&
+  echo "${H}" &&
+  echo "${D}" &&
+  echo "${D}" | grep "^overlay .* /system\$" >/dev/null ||
   die  "overlay system takeover after flash vendor"
-adb_sh df -k </dev/null | grep "^overlay .* /vendor\$" >/dev/null &&
+echo "${D}" | grep "^overlay .* /vendor\$" >/dev/null &&
   die  "overlay minus vendor takeover after flash vendor"
 B="`adb_cat /system/hello`" ||
   die "re-read system hello after flash vendor"
 check_eq "${A}" "${B}" system after flash vendor
-adb_root &&
-  adb_wait ||
+adb_root ||
   die "adb root"
 B="`adb_cat /vendor/hello`" &&
   die "re-read vendor hello after flash vendor"
 check_eq "cat: /vendor/hello: No such file or directory" "${B}" vendor after flash vendor
 
+echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} remove test content (cleanup)" >&2
+
+T=`adb_date`
 adb remount &&
   ( adb_sh rm /vendor/hello </dev/null 2>/dev/null || true ) &&
   adb_sh rm /system/hello </dev/null ||
-  die "cleanup hello"
+  die -t ${T} "cleanup hello"
 B="`adb_cat /system/hello`" &&
   die "re-read system hello after rm"
 check_eq "cat: /system/hello: No such file or directory" "${B}" after flash rm
@@ -302,4 +505,31 @@
   die "re-read vendor hello after rm"
 check_eq "cat: /vendor/hello: No such file or directory" "${B}" after flash rm
 
+echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} test fastboot flash to ${scratch_partition}" >&2
+
+adb reboot-fastboot &&
+  dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/adb-remount-test.img bs=4096 count=16 2>/dev/null &&
+  fastboot_wait 2m ||
+  ( rm /tmp/adb-remount-test.img && false) ||
+  die "reboot into fastboot"
+fastboot flash ${scratch_partition} /tmp/adb-remount-test.img
+err=${?}
+rm /tmp/adb-remount-test.img
+fastboot reboot ||
+  die "can not reboot out of fastboot"
+[ 0 -eq ${err} ] ||
+  die "fastboot flash ${scratch_partition}"
+adb_wait 2m &&
+  adb_root ||
+  die "did not reboot after flash"
+T=`adb_date`
+D=`adb disable-verity 2>&1`
+err=${?}
+echo "${D}"
+[ ${err} = 0 ] &&
+  [ X"${D}" = X"${D##*setup failed}" ] &&
+  [ X"${D}" != X"${D##*using overlayfs}" ] &&
+  echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} ${scratch_partition} recreated" >&2 ||
+  die -t ${T} "setup for overlayfs"
+
 echo "${GREEN}[  PASSED  ]${NORMAL} adb remount" >&2
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp b/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
index f2818f3..446b66e 100644
--- a/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
+++ b/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <memory>
 
-#include <android/security/IKeystoreService.h>
+#include <android/security/keystore/IKeystoreService.h>
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <binder/PermissionCache.h>
@@ -318,8 +318,8 @@
             // TODO: cache service?
             sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
             sp<IBinder> binder = sm->getService(String16("android.security.keystore"));
-            sp<security::IKeystoreService> service =
-                interface_cast<security::IKeystoreService>(binder);
+            sp<security::keystore::IKeystoreService> service =
+                    interface_cast<security::keystore::IKeystoreService>(binder);
             if (service != NULL) {
                 std::vector<uint8_t> auth_token_vector(*auth_token,
                                                        (*auth_token) + *auth_token_length);
diff --git a/healthd/BatteryMonitor.cpp b/healthd/BatteryMonitor.cpp
index 2a5667c..a1519da 100644
--- a/healthd/BatteryMonitor.cpp
+++ b/healthd/BatteryMonitor.cpp
@@ -240,10 +240,9 @@
     if (readFromFile(mHealthdConfig->batteryTechnologyPath, &buf) > 0)
         props.batteryTechnology = String8(buf.c_str());
 
-    unsigned int i;
     double MaxPower = 0;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < mChargerNames.size(); i++) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mChargerNames.size(); i++) {
         String8 path;
         path.appendFormat("%s/%s/online", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH,
                           mChargerNames[i].string());
diff --git a/init/Android.bp b/init/Android.bp
index ff3b61f..ea66ac6 100644
--- a/init/Android.bp
+++ b/init/Android.bp
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@
         "libbinder",
         "libbootloader_message",
         "libcutils",
+        "libcrypto",
         "libdl",
         "libext4_utils",
         "libfs_mgr",
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@
         "libkeyutils",
         "liblog",
         "liblogwrap",
+        "liblp",
         "libselinux",
         "libutils",
     ],
@@ -92,6 +94,7 @@
         "action.cpp",
         "action_manager.cpp",
         "action_parser.cpp",
+        "boringssl_self_test.cpp",
         "bootchart.cpp",
         "builtins.cpp",
         "capabilities.cpp",
@@ -99,6 +102,7 @@
         "devices.cpp",
         "epoll.cpp",
         "firmware_handler.cpp",
+        "first_stage_init.cpp",
         "first_stage_mount.cpp",
         "import_parser.cpp",
         "init.cpp",
@@ -117,6 +121,7 @@
         "sigchld_handler.cpp",
         "subcontext.cpp",
         "subcontext.proto",
+        "switch_root.cpp",
         "rlimit_parser.cpp",
         "tokenizer.cpp",
         "uevent_listener.cpp",
diff --git a/init/Android.mk b/init/Android.mk
index c85727c..69f1d87 100644
--- a/init/Android.mk
+++ b/init/Android.mk
@@ -39,12 +39,15 @@
 
 # --
 
+# Do not build this even with mmma if we're system-as-root, otherwise it will overwrite the symlink.
+ifneq ($(BOARD_BUILD_SYSTEM_ROOT_IMAGE),true)
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 LOCAL_CPPFLAGS := $(init_cflags)
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
     devices.cpp \
+    first_stage_init.cpp \
+    first_stage_main.cpp \
     first_stage_mount.cpp \
-    init_first_stage.cpp \
     reboot_utils.cpp \
     selinux.cpp \
     switch_root.cpp \
@@ -67,6 +70,7 @@
     $(TARGET_RAMDISK_OUT)/sys \
 
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := \
+    libfs_avb \
     libfs_mgr \
     libfec \
     libfec_rs \
@@ -90,21 +94,18 @@
     libcap \
 
 LOCAL_SANITIZE := signed-integer-overflow
+# First stage init is weird: it may start without stdout/stderr, and no /proc.
+LOCAL_NOSANITIZE := hwaddress
 include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
+endif
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
 LOCAL_MODULE := init_system
-ifeq ($(BOARD_BUILD_SYSTEM_ROOT_IMAGE),true)
-LOCAL_REQUIRED_MODULES := \
-   init_first_stage \
-   init_second_stage \
-
-else
 LOCAL_REQUIRED_MODULES := \
    init_second_stage \
 
-endif
+LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD := ln -sf /system/bin/init $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/init
 include $(BUILD_PHONY_PACKAGE)
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
@@ -116,5 +117,3 @@
 
 endif
 include $(BUILD_PHONY_PACKAGE)
-
-
diff --git a/init/README.md b/init/README.md
index 6c51b37..5c07ac1 100644
--- a/init/README.md
+++ b/init/README.md
@@ -235,9 +235,16 @@
   to "123,124,125". Since keycodes are handled very early in init,
   only PRODUCT_DEFAULT_PROPERTY_OVERRIDES properties can be used.
 
-`memcg.limit_in_bytes <value>`
-> Sets the child's memory.limit_in_bytes to the specified value (only if memcg is mounted),
-  which must be equal or greater than 0.
+`memcg.limit_in_bytes <value>` and `memcg.limit_percent <value>`
+> Sets the child's memory.limit_in_bytes to the minimum of `limit_in_bytes`
+  bytes and `limit_percent` which is interpreted as a percentage of the size
+  of the device's physical memory (only if memcg is mounted).
+  Values must be equal or greater than 0.
+
+`memcg.limit_property <value>`
+> Sets the child's memory.limit_in_bytes to the value of the specified property
+  (only if memcg is mounted). This property will override the values specified
+  via `memcg.limit_in_bytes` and `memcg.limit_percent`.
 
 `memcg.soft_limit_in_bytes <value>`
 > Sets the child's memory.soft_limit_in_bytes to the specified value (only if memcg is mounted),
@@ -268,6 +275,10 @@
   since it has some peculiarities for backwards compatibility reasons. The 'imports' section of
   this file has more details on the order.
 
+`parse_apex_configs`
+  Parses config file(s) from the mounted APEXes. Intented to be used only once
+  when apexd notifies the mount event by setting apexd.status to ready.
+
 `priority <priority>`
 > Scheduling priority of the service process. This value has to be in range
   -20 to 19. Default priority is 0. Priority is set via setpriority().
@@ -321,6 +332,13 @@
   This is particularly useful for creating a periodic service combined with the restart_period
   option described above.
 
+`updatable`
+> Mark that the service can be overridden (via the 'override' option) later in
+  the boot sequence by APEXes. When a service with updatable option is started
+  before APEXes are all activated, the execution is delayed until the activation
+  is finished. A service that is not marked as updatable cannot be overridden by
+  APEXes.
+
 `user <username>`
 > Change to 'username' before exec'ing this service.
   Currently defaults to root.  (??? probably should default to nobody)
diff --git a/init/boringssl_self_test.cpp b/init/boringssl_self_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0408d30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/boringssl_self_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "boringssl_self_test.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
+#include <openssl/crypto.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+Result<Success> StartBoringSslSelfTest(const BuiltinArguments&) {
+    pid_t id = fork();
+
+    if (id == 0) {
+        if (BORINGSSL_self_test() != 1) {
+            LOG(INFO) << "BoringSSL crypto self tests failed";
+
+            // This check has failed, so the device should refuse
+            // to boot. Rebooting to bootloader to wait for
+            // further action from the user.
+
+            int result = android_reboot(ANDROID_RB_RESTART2, 0,
+                                        "bootloader,boringssl-self-check-failed");
+            if (result != 0) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to reboot into bootloader";
+            }
+        }
+
+        _exit(0);
+    } else if (id == -1) {
+        // Failed to fork, so cannot run the test. Refuse to continue.
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "Failed to fork for BoringSSL self test";
+    }
+
+    return Success();
+}
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/boringssl_self_test.h b/init/boringssl_self_test.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b21fc78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/boringssl_self_test.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "builtin_arguments.h"
+#include "result.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+Result<Success> StartBoringSslSelfTest(const BuiltinArguments&);
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/builtins.cpp b/init/builtins.cpp
index 5d62c0b..6eb65b2 100644
--- a/init/builtins.cpp
+++ b/init/builtins.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <fts.h>
+#include <glob.h>
 #include <linux/loop.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <mntent.h>
@@ -1053,6 +1054,40 @@
         {{"exec", "/system/bin/vdc", "--wait", "cryptfs", "init_user0"}, args.context});
 }
 
+static Result<Success> do_parse_apex_configs(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
+    glob_t glob_result;
+    // @ is added to filter out the later paths, which are bind mounts of the places
+    // where the APEXes are really mounted at. Otherwise, we will parse the
+    // same file twice.
+    static constexpr char glob_pattern[] = "/apex/*@*/etc/*.rc";
+    const int ret = glob(glob_pattern, GLOB_MARK, nullptr, &glob_result);
+    if (ret != 0 && ret != GLOB_NOMATCH) {
+        globfree(&glob_result);
+        return Error() << "glob pattern '" << glob_pattern << "' failed";
+    }
+    std::vector<std::string> configs;
+    Parser parser = CreateServiceOnlyParser(ServiceList::GetInstance());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < glob_result.gl_pathc; i++) {
+        configs.emplace_back(glob_result.gl_pathv[i]);
+    }
+    globfree(&glob_result);
+
+    bool success = true;
+    for (const auto& c : configs) {
+        if (c.back() == '/') {
+            // skip if directory
+            continue;
+        }
+        success &= parser.ParseConfigFile(c);
+    }
+    ServiceList::GetInstance().MarkServicesUpdate();
+    if (success) {
+        return Success();
+    } else {
+        return Error() << "Could not parse apex configs";
+    }
+}
+
 // Builtin-function-map start
 const BuiltinFunctionMap::Map& BuiltinFunctionMap::map() const {
     constexpr std::size_t kMax = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
@@ -1090,6 +1125,7 @@
         // mount and umount are run in the same context as mount_all for symmetry.
         {"mount_all",               {1,     kMax, {false,  do_mount_all}}},
         {"mount",                   {3,     kMax, {false,  do_mount}}},
+        {"parse_apex_configs",      {0,     0,    {false,  do_parse_apex_configs}}},
         {"umount",                  {1,     1,    {false,  do_umount}}},
         {"readahead",               {1,     2,    {true,   do_readahead}}},
         {"restart",                 {1,     1,    {false,  do_restart}}},
diff --git a/init/devices.cpp b/init/devices.cpp
index 58c8b2e..45b17a2 100644
--- a/init/devices.cpp
+++ b/init/devices.cpp
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@
 }
 
 void DeviceHandler::ColdbootDone() {
-    skip_restorecon_ = true;
+    skip_restorecon_ = false;
 }
 
 DeviceHandler::DeviceHandler(std::vector<Permissions> dev_permissions,
diff --git a/init/devices_test.cpp b/init/devices_test.cpp
index d658f4d..3e7c1a8 100644
--- a/init/devices_test.cpp
+++ b/init/devices_test.cpp
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 
 #include "devices.h"
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include "util.h"
diff --git a/init/init_first_stage.cpp b/init/first_stage_init.cpp
similarity index 65%
rename from init/init_first_stage.cpp
rename to init/first_stage_init.cpp
index d81ca5c..e11d897 100644
--- a/init/init_first_stage.cpp
+++ b/init/first_stage_init.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "first_stage_init.h"
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <paths.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
@@ -26,20 +30,73 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
 #include "first_stage_mount.h"
 #include "reboot_utils.h"
+#include "switch_root.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 using android::base::boot_clock;
 
+using namespace std::literals;
+
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+namespace {
+
+void FreeRamdisk(DIR* dir, dev_t dev) {
+    int dfd = dirfd(dir);
+
+    dirent* de;
+    while ((de = readdir(dir)) != nullptr) {
+        if (de->d_name == "."s || de->d_name == ".."s) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        bool is_dir = false;
+
+        if (de->d_type == DT_DIR || de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
+            struct stat info;
+            if (fstatat(dfd, de->d_name, &info, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) != 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (info.st_dev != dev) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (S_ISDIR(info.st_mode)) {
+                is_dir = true;
+                auto fd = openat(dfd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
+                if (fd >= 0) {
+                    auto subdir =
+                            std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)>{fdopendir(fd), closedir};
+                    if (subdir) {
+                        FreeRamdisk(subdir.get(), dev);
+                    } else {
+                        close(fd);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        unlinkat(dfd, de->d_name, is_dir ? AT_REMOVEDIR : 0);
+    }
+}
+
+bool ForceNormalBoot() {
+    std::string cmdline;
+    android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/cmdline", &cmdline);
+    return cmdline.find("androidboot.force_normal_boot=1") != std::string::npos;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+int FirstStageMain(int argc, char** argv) {
     if (REBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC) {
         InstallRebootSignalHandlers();
     }
@@ -117,10 +174,41 @@
 
     LOG(INFO) << "init first stage started!";
 
+    auto old_root_dir = std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)>{opendir("/"), closedir};
+    if (!old_root_dir) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not opendir(\"/\"), not freeing ramdisk";
+    }
+
+    struct stat old_root_info;
+    if (stat("/", &old_root_info) != 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not stat(\"/\"), not freeing ramdisk";
+        old_root_dir.reset();
+    }
+
+    if (ForceNormalBoot()) {
+        mkdir("/first_stage_ramdisk", 0755);
+        // SwitchRoot() must be called with a mount point as the target, so we bind mount the
+        // target directory to itself here.
+        if (mount("/first_stage_ramdisk", "/first_stage_ramdisk", nullptr, MS_BIND, nullptr) != 0) {
+            LOG(FATAL) << "Could not bind mount /first_stage_ramdisk to itself";
+        }
+        SwitchRoot("/first_stage_ramdisk");
+    }
+
     if (!DoFirstStageMount()) {
         LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to mount required partitions early ...";
     }
 
+    struct stat new_root_info;
+    if (stat("/", &new_root_info) != 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not stat(\"/\"), not freeing ramdisk";
+        old_root_dir.reset();
+    }
+
+    if (old_root_dir && old_root_info.st_dev != new_root_info.st_dev) {
+        FreeRamdisk(old_root_dir.get(), old_root_info.st_dev);
+    }
+
     SetInitAvbVersionInRecovery();
 
     static constexpr uint32_t kNanosecondsPerMillisecond = 1e6;
@@ -128,7 +216,7 @@
     setenv("INIT_STARTED_AT", std::to_string(start_ms).c_str(), 1);
 
     const char* path = "/system/bin/init";
-    const char* args[] = {path, nullptr};
+    const char* args[] = {path, "selinux_setup", nullptr};
     execv(path, const_cast<char**>(args));
 
     // execv() only returns if an error happened, in which case we
@@ -140,7 +228,3 @@
 
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    return android::init::main(argc, argv);
-}
diff --git a/init/first_stage_init.h b/init/first_stage_init.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0476e44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/first_stage_init.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+int FirstStageMain(int argc, char** argv);
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/first_stage_main.cpp b/init/first_stage_main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bae84c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/first_stage_main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "first_stage_init.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    return android::init::FirstStageMain(argc, argv);
+}
diff --git a/init/first_stage_mount.cpp b/init/first_stage_mount.cpp
index eb86eb0..d35329e 100644
--- a/init/first_stage_mount.cpp
+++ b/init/first_stage_mount.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "first_stage_mount.h"
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <chrono>
@@ -29,11 +30,11 @@
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <fs_avb/fs_avb.h>
 #include <fs_mgr.h>
-#include <fs_mgr_avb.h>
 #include <fs_mgr_dm_linear.h>
 #include <fs_mgr_overlayfs.h>
-#include <liblp/metadata_format.h>
+#include <liblp/liblp.h>
 
 #include "devices.h"
 #include "switch_root.h"
@@ -42,6 +43,9 @@
 #include "util.h"
 
 using android::base::Timer;
+using android::fs_mgr::AvbHandle;
+using android::fs_mgr::AvbHashtreeResult;
+using android::fs_mgr::AvbUniquePtr;
 
 using namespace std::literals;
 
@@ -69,9 +73,10 @@
     bool MountPartition(fstab_rec* fstab_rec);
     bool MountPartitions();
     bool IsDmLinearEnabled();
-    bool GetBackingDmLinearDevices();
+    bool GetDmLinearMetadataDevice();
+    bool InitDmLinearBackingDevices(const android::fs_mgr::LpMetadata& metadata);
 
-    virtual ListenerAction UeventCallback(const Uevent& uevent);
+    ListenerAction UeventCallback(const Uevent& uevent);
 
     // Pure virtual functions.
     virtual bool GetDmVerityDevices() = 0;
@@ -106,14 +111,12 @@
     ~FirstStageMountVBootV2() override = default;
 
   protected:
-    ListenerAction UeventCallback(const Uevent& uevent) override;
     bool GetDmVerityDevices() override;
     bool SetUpDmVerity(fstab_rec* fstab_rec) override;
     bool InitAvbHandle();
 
     std::string device_tree_vbmeta_parts_;
-    FsManagerAvbUniquePtr avb_handle_;
-    ByNameSymlinkMap by_name_symlink_map_;
+    AvbUniquePtr avb_handle_;
 };
 
 // Static Functions
@@ -122,18 +125,8 @@
     return is_android_dt_value_expected("vbmeta/compatible", "android,vbmeta");
 }
 
-static bool ForceNormalBoot() {
-    static bool force_normal_boot = []() {
-        std::string cmdline;
-        android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/cmdline", &cmdline);
-        return cmdline.find("androidboot.force_normal_boot=1") != std::string::npos;
-    }();
-
-    return force_normal_boot;
-}
-
 static bool IsRecoveryMode() {
-    return !ForceNormalBoot() && access("/system/bin/recovery", F_OK) == 0;
+    return access("/system/bin/recovery", F_OK) == 0;
 }
 
 // Class Definitions
@@ -183,7 +176,7 @@
 }
 
 bool FirstStageMount::InitDevices() {
-    return GetBackingDmLinearDevices() && GetDmVerityDevices() && InitRequiredDevices();
+    return GetDmLinearMetadataDevice() && GetDmVerityDevices() && InitRequiredDevices();
 }
 
 bool FirstStageMount::IsDmLinearEnabled() {
@@ -193,7 +186,7 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-bool FirstStageMount::GetBackingDmLinearDevices() {
+bool FirstStageMount::GetDmLinearMetadataDevice() {
     // Add any additional devices required for dm-linear mappings.
     if (!IsDmLinearEnabled()) {
         return true;
@@ -258,17 +251,48 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+bool FirstStageMount::InitDmLinearBackingDevices(const android::fs_mgr::LpMetadata& metadata) {
+    auto partition_names = GetBlockDevicePartitionNames(metadata);
+    for (const auto& partition_name : partition_names) {
+        if (partition_name == lp_metadata_partition_) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        required_devices_partition_names_.emplace(partition_name);
+    }
+    if (required_devices_partition_names_.empty()) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    auto uevent_callback = [this](const Uevent& uevent) { return UeventCallback(uevent); };
+    uevent_listener_.RegenerateUevents(uevent_callback);
+
+    if (!required_devices_partition_names_.empty()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << ": partition(s) not found after polling timeout: "
+                   << android::base::Join(required_devices_partition_names_, ", ");
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 bool FirstStageMount::CreateLogicalPartitions() {
     if (!IsDmLinearEnabled()) {
         return true;
     }
-
     if (lp_metadata_partition_.empty()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Could not locate logical partition tables in partition "
                    << super_partition_name_;
         return false;
     }
-    return android::fs_mgr::CreateLogicalPartitions(lp_metadata_partition_);
+
+    auto metadata = android::fs_mgr::ReadCurrentMetadata(lp_metadata_partition_);
+    if (!metadata) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not read logical partition metadata from " << lp_metadata_partition_;
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!InitDmLinearBackingDevices(*metadata.get())) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return android::fs_mgr::CreateLogicalPartitions(*metadata.get());
 }
 
 ListenerAction FirstStageMount::HandleBlockDevice(const std::string& name, const Uevent& uevent) {
@@ -371,11 +395,6 @@
                          [](const auto& rec) { return rec->mount_point == "/system"s; });
 
     if (system_partition != mount_fstab_recs_.end()) {
-        if (ForceNormalBoot()) {
-            free((*system_partition)->mount_point);
-            (*system_partition)->mount_point = strdup("/system_recovery_mount");
-        }
-
         if (!MountPartition(*system_partition)) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -394,7 +413,14 @@
     // heads up for instantiating required device(s) for overlayfs logic
     const auto devices = fs_mgr_overlayfs_required_devices(device_tree_fstab_.get());
     for (auto const& device : devices) {
-        InitMappedDevice(device);
+        if (android::base::StartsWith(device, "/dev/block/by-name/")) {
+            required_devices_partition_names_.emplace(basename(device.c_str()));
+            auto uevent_callback = [this](const Uevent& uevent) { return UeventCallback(uevent); };
+            uevent_listener_.RegenerateUevents(uevent_callback);
+            uevent_listener_.Poll(uevent_callback, 10s);
+        } else {
+            InitMappedDevice(device);
+        }
     }
 
     fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all(device_tree_fstab_.get());
@@ -433,7 +459,9 @@
     // Includes the partition names of fstab records and verity_loc_device (if any).
     // Notes that fstab_rec->blk_device has A/B suffix updated by fs_mgr when A/B is used.
     for (auto fstab_rec : mount_fstab_recs_) {
-        required_devices_partition_names_.emplace(basename(fstab_rec->blk_device));
+        if (!fs_mgr_is_logical(fstab_rec)) {
+            required_devices_partition_names_.emplace(basename(fstab_rec->blk_device));
+        }
     }
 
     if (!verity_loc_device.empty()) {
@@ -526,42 +554,15 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-ListenerAction FirstStageMountVBootV2::UeventCallback(const Uevent& uevent) {
-    // Check if this uevent corresponds to one of the required partitions and store its symlinks if
-    // so, in order to create FsManagerAvbHandle later.
-    // Note that the parent callback removes partitions from the list of required partitions
-    // as it finds them, so this must happen first.
-    if (!uevent.partition_name.empty() &&
-        required_devices_partition_names_.find(uevent.partition_name) !=
-                required_devices_partition_names_.end()) {
-        // GetBlockDeviceSymlinks() will return three symlinks at most, depending on
-        // the content of uevent. by-name symlink will be at [0] if uevent->partition_name
-        // is not empty. e.g.,
-        //   - /dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/by-name/modem
-        //   - /dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/mmcblk0p1
-        std::vector<std::string> links = device_handler_->GetBlockDeviceSymlinks(uevent);
-        if (!links.empty()) {
-            auto [it, inserted] = by_name_symlink_map_.emplace(uevent.partition_name, links[0]);
-            if (!inserted) {
-                LOG(ERROR) << "Partition '" << uevent.partition_name
-                           << "' already existed in the by-name symlink map with a value of '"
-                           << it->second << "', new value '" << links[0] << "' will be ignored.";
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return FirstStageMount::UeventCallback(uevent);
-}
-
 bool FirstStageMountVBootV2::SetUpDmVerity(fstab_rec* fstab_rec) {
     if (fs_mgr_is_avb(fstab_rec)) {
         if (!InitAvbHandle()) return false;
-        SetUpAvbHashtreeResult hashtree_result =
+        AvbHashtreeResult hashtree_result =
                 avb_handle_->SetUpAvbHashtree(fstab_rec, false /* wait_for_verity_dev */);
         switch (hashtree_result) {
-            case SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kDisabled:
+            case AvbHashtreeResult::kDisabled:
                 return true;  // Returns true to mount the partition.
-            case SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kSuccess:
+            case AvbHashtreeResult::kSuccess:
                 // The exact block device name (fstab_rec->blk_device) is changed to
                 // "/dev/block/dm-XX". Needs to create it because ueventd isn't started in init
                 // first stage.
@@ -576,16 +577,10 @@
 bool FirstStageMountVBootV2::InitAvbHandle() {
     if (avb_handle_) return true;  // Returns true if the handle is already initialized.
 
-    if (by_name_symlink_map_.empty()) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "by_name_symlink_map_ is empty";
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    avb_handle_ = FsManagerAvbHandle::Open(std::move(by_name_symlink_map_));
-    by_name_symlink_map_.clear();  // Removes all elements after the above std::move().
+    avb_handle_ = AvbHandle::Open();
 
     if (!avb_handle_) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open FsManagerAvbHandle";
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open AvbHandle";
         return false;
     }
     // Sets INIT_AVB_VERSION here for init to set ro.boot.avb_version in the second stage.
@@ -622,7 +617,7 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    // Initializes required devices for the subsequent FsManagerAvbHandle::Open()
+    // Initializes required devices for the subsequent AvbHandle::Open()
     // to verify AVB metadata on all partitions in the verified chain.
     // We only set INIT_AVB_VERSION when the AVB verification succeeds, i.e., the
     // Open() function returns a valid handle.
@@ -633,10 +628,9 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    FsManagerAvbUniquePtr avb_handle =
-            FsManagerAvbHandle::Open(std::move(avb_first_mount.by_name_symlink_map_));
+    AvbUniquePtr avb_handle = AvbHandle::Open();
     if (!avb_handle) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open FsManagerAvbHandle for INIT_AVB_VERSION";
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open AvbHandle for INIT_AVB_VERSION";
         return;
     }
     setenv("INIT_AVB_VERSION", avb_handle->avb_version().c_str(), 1);
diff --git a/init/grab-bootchart.sh b/init/grab-bootchart.sh
index c4ff6df..2c56698 100755
--- a/init/grab-bootchart.sh
+++ b/init/grab-bootchart.sh
@@ -17,6 +17,6 @@
     adb "${@}" pull $LOGROOT/$f $TMPDIR/$f 2>&1 > /dev/null
 done
 (cd $TMPDIR && tar -czf $TARBALL $FILES)
-bootchart ${TMPDIR}/${TARBALL}
-gnome-open ${TARBALL%.tgz}.png
+pybootchartgui ${TMPDIR}/${TARBALL}
+xdg-open ${TARBALL%.tgz}.png
 echo "Clean up ${TMPDIR}/ and ./${TARBALL%.tgz}.png when done"
diff --git a/init/init.cpp b/init/init.cpp
index 90803f7..dc46a82 100644
--- a/init/init.cpp
+++ b/init/init.cpp
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "action_parser.h"
+#include "boringssl_self_test.h"
 #include "epoll.h"
 #include "first_stage_mount.h"
 #include "import_parser.h"
@@ -59,13 +60,8 @@
 #include "security.h"
 #include "selinux.h"
 #include "sigchld_handler.h"
-#include "ueventd.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
-#if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
-#include <sanitizer/asan_interface.h>
-#endif
-
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 using namespace std::string_literals;
 
@@ -79,25 +75,6 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-#if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
-// Load asan.options if it exists since these are not yet in the environment.
-// Always ensure detect_container_overflow=0 as there are false positives with this check.
-// Always ensure abort_on_error=1 to ensure we reboot to bootloader for development builds.
-extern "C" const char* __asan_default_options() {
-    return "include_if_exists=/system/asan.options:detect_container_overflow=0:abort_on_error=1";
-}
-
-__attribute__((no_sanitize("address", "memory", "thread", "undefined"))) extern "C" void
-__sanitizer_report_error_summary(const char* summary) {
-    LOG(ERROR) << "Main stage (error summary): " << summary;
-}
-
-__attribute__((no_sanitize("address", "memory", "thread", "undefined"))) static void
-AsanReportCallback(const char* str) {
-    LOG(ERROR) << "Main stage: " << str;
-}
-#endif
-
 static int property_triggers_enabled = 0;
 
 static char qemu[32];
@@ -132,6 +109,14 @@
     return parser;
 }
 
+// parser that only accepts new services
+Parser CreateServiceOnlyParser(ServiceList& service_list) {
+    Parser parser;
+
+    parser.AddSectionParser("service", std::make_unique<ServiceParser>(&service_list, subcontexts));
+    return parser;
+}
+
 static void LoadBootScripts(ActionManager& action_manager, ServiceList& service_list) {
     Parser parser = CreateParser(action_manager, service_list);
 
@@ -614,57 +599,11 @@
     });
 }
 
-static void SetupSelinux(char** argv) {
-    android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger, [](const char*) {
-        RebootSystem(ANDROID_RB_RESTART2, "bootloader");
-    });
-
-    // Set up SELinux, loading the SELinux policy.
-    SelinuxSetupKernelLogging();
-    SelinuxInitialize();
-
-    // We're in the kernel domain and want to transition to the init domain.  File systems that
-    // store SELabels in their xattrs, such as ext4 do not need an explicit restorecon here,
-    // but other file systems do.  In particular, this is needed for ramdisks such as the
-    // recovery image for A/B devices.
-    if (selinux_android_restorecon("/system/bin/init", 0) == -1) {
-        PLOG(FATAL) << "restorecon failed of /system/bin/init failed";
-    }
-
-    setenv("SELINUX_INITIALIZED", "true", 1);
-
-    const char* path = "/system/bin/init";
-    const char* args[] = {path, nullptr};
-    execv(path, const_cast<char**>(args));
-
-    // execv() only returns if an error happened, in which case we
-    // panic and never return from this function.
-    PLOG(FATAL) << "execv(\"" << path << "\") failed";
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-#if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
-    __asan_set_error_report_callback(AsanReportCallback);
-#endif
-
-    if (!strcmp(basename(argv[0]), "ueventd")) {
-        return ueventd_main(argc, argv);
-    }
-
-    if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "subcontext")) {
-        android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger);
-        const BuiltinFunctionMap function_map;
-        return SubcontextMain(argc, argv, &function_map);
-    }
-
+int SecondStageMain(int argc, char** argv) {
     if (REBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC) {
         InstallRebootSignalHandlers();
     }
 
-    if (getenv("SELINUX_INITIALIZED") == nullptr) {
-        SetupSelinux(argv);
-    }
-
     // We need to set up stdin/stdout/stderr again now that we're running in init's context.
     InitKernelLogging(argv, InitAborter);
     LOG(INFO) << "init second stage started!";
@@ -700,7 +639,6 @@
     if (avb_version) property_set("ro.boot.avb_version", avb_version);
 
     // Clean up our environment.
-    unsetenv("SELINUX_INITIALIZED");
     unsetenv("INIT_STARTED_AT");
     unsetenv("INIT_SELINUX_TOOK");
     unsetenv("INIT_AVB_VERSION");
@@ -760,6 +698,9 @@
     // Trigger all the boot actions to get us started.
     am.QueueEventTrigger("init");
 
+    // Starting the BoringSSL self test, for NIAP certification compliance.
+    am.QueueBuiltinAction(StartBoringSslSelfTest, "StartBoringSslSelfTest");
+
     // Repeat mix_hwrng_into_linux_rng in case /dev/hw_random or /dev/random
     // wasn't ready immediately after wait_for_coldboot_done
     am.QueueBuiltinAction(MixHwrngIntoLinuxRngAction, "MixHwrngIntoLinuxRng");
diff --git a/init/init.h b/init/init.h
index f244ad7..a76da20 100644
--- a/init/init.h
+++ b/init/init.h
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 extern std::vector<std::string> late_import_paths;
 
 Parser CreateParser(ActionManager& action_manager, ServiceList& service_list);
+Parser CreateServiceOnlyParser(ServiceList& service_list);
 
 void HandleControlMessage(const std::string& msg, const std::string& arg, pid_t pid);
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@
 
 void ResetWaitForProp();
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv);
+int SecondStageMain(int argc, char** argv);
 
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/init_test.cpp b/init/init_test.cpp
index 0f9635f..c2f0c41 100644
--- a/init/init_test.cpp
+++ b/init/init_test.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #include <functional>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include "action.h"
diff --git a/init/main.cpp b/init/main.cpp
index 9ed451b..868c409 100644
--- a/init/main.cpp
+++ b/init/main.cpp
@@ -14,8 +14,70 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "first_stage_init.h"
 #include "init.h"
+#include "selinux.h"
+#include "subcontext.h"
+#include "ueventd.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+#include <sanitizer/asan_interface.h>
+#endif
+
+#if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+// Load asan.options if it exists since these are not yet in the environment.
+// Always ensure detect_container_overflow=0 as there are false positives with this check.
+// Always ensure abort_on_error=1 to ensure we reboot to bootloader for development builds.
+extern "C" const char* __asan_default_options() {
+    return "include_if_exists=/system/asan.options:detect_container_overflow=0:abort_on_error=1";
+}
+
+__attribute__((no_sanitize("address", "memory", "thread", "undefined"))) extern "C" void
+__sanitizer_report_error_summary(const char* summary) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Init (error summary): " << summary;
+}
+
+__attribute__((no_sanitize("address", "memory", "thread", "undefined"))) static void
+AsanReportCallback(const char* str) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Init: " << str;
+}
+#endif
+
+using namespace android::init;
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    android::init::main(argc, argv);
+#if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+    __asan_set_error_report_callback(AsanReportCallback);
+#endif
+
+    if (!strcmp(basename(argv[0]), "ueventd")) {
+        return ueventd_main(argc, argv);
+    }
+
+    if (argc < 2) {
+        return FirstStageMain(argc, argv);
+    }
+
+    if (!strcmp(argv[1], "subcontext")) {
+        android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger);
+        const BuiltinFunctionMap function_map;
+
+        return SubcontextMain(argc, argv, &function_map);
+    }
+
+    if (!strcmp(argv[1], "selinux_setup")) {
+        return SetupSelinux(argv);
+    }
+
+    if (!strcmp(argv[1], "second_stage")) {
+        return SecondStageMain(argc, argv);
+    }
+
+    android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger);
+
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown argument passed to init '" << argv[1] << "'";
+    return 1;
 }
diff --git a/init/parser.h b/init/parser.h
index 2454b6a..f30bda7 100644
--- a/init/parser.h
+++ b/init/parser.h
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
     Parser();
 
     bool ParseConfig(const std::string& path);
+    bool ParseConfigFile(const std::string& path);
     void AddSectionParser(const std::string& name, std::unique_ptr<SectionParser> parser);
     void AddSingleLineParser(const std::string& prefix, LineCallback callback);
 
@@ -82,7 +83,6 @@
 
   private:
     void ParseData(const std::string& filename, std::string* data);
-    bool ParseConfigFile(const std::string& path);
     bool ParseConfigDir(const std::string& path);
 
     std::map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<SectionParser>> section_parsers_;
diff --git a/init/persistent_properties_test.cpp b/init/persistent_properties_test.cpp
index 872e9a1..13796a6 100644
--- a/init/persistent_properties_test.cpp
+++ b/init/persistent_properties_test.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include "util.h"
diff --git a/init/reboot.cpp b/init/reboot.cpp
index a145797..45dc6d3 100644
--- a/init/reboot.cpp
+++ b/init/reboot.cpp
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@
             // adb reboot fastboot should boot into bootloader for devices not
             // supporting logical partitions.
             if (reboot_target == "fastboot" &&
-                !android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.boot.logical_partitions", false)) {
+                !android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.boot.dynamic_partitions", false)) {
                 reboot_target = "bootloader";
             }
             // When rebooting to the bootloader notify the bootloader writing
diff --git a/init/selinux.cpp b/init/selinux.cpp
index fd7e86f..3a09096 100644
--- a/init/selinux.cpp
+++ b/init/selinux.cpp
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 // for SELinux operation for init.
 
 // When the system boots, there is no SEPolicy present and init is running in the kernel domain.
-// Init loads the SEPolicy from the file system, restores the context of /init based on this
-// SEPolicy, and finally exec()'s itself to run in the proper domain.
+// Init loads the SEPolicy from the file system, restores the context of /system/bin/init based on
+// this SEPolicy, and finally exec()'s itself to run in the proper domain.
 
 // The SEPolicy on Android comes in two variants: monolithic and split.
 
@@ -58,8 +58,10 @@
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
 #include <selinux/android.h>
 
+#include "reboot_utils.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 using android::base::ParseInt;
@@ -379,8 +381,6 @@
     return IsSplitPolicyDevice() ? LoadSplitPolicy() : LoadMonolithicPolicy();
 }
 
-}  // namespace
-
 void SelinuxInitialize() {
     Timer t;
 
@@ -405,6 +405,8 @@
     setenv("INIT_SELINUX_TOOK", std::to_string(t.duration().count()).c_str(), 1);
 }
 
+}  // namespace
+
 // The files and directories that were created before initial sepolicy load or
 // files on ramdisk need to have their security context restored to the proper
 // value. This must happen before /dev is populated by ueventd.
@@ -496,6 +498,39 @@
     return major_version;
 }
 
+// This function initializes SELinux then execs init to run in the init SELinux context.
+int SetupSelinux(char** argv) {
+    android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger, [](const char*) {
+        RebootSystem(ANDROID_RB_RESTART2, "bootloader");
+    });
+
+    if (REBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC) {
+        InstallRebootSignalHandlers();
+    }
+
+    // Set up SELinux, loading the SELinux policy.
+    SelinuxSetupKernelLogging();
+    SelinuxInitialize();
+
+    // We're in the kernel domain and want to transition to the init domain.  File systems that
+    // store SELabels in their xattrs, such as ext4 do not need an explicit restorecon here,
+    // but other file systems do.  In particular, this is needed for ramdisks such as the
+    // recovery image for A/B devices.
+    if (selinux_android_restorecon("/system/bin/init", 0) == -1) {
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "restorecon failed of /system/bin/init failed";
+    }
+
+    const char* path = "/system/bin/init";
+    const char* args[] = {path, "second_stage", nullptr};
+    execv(path, const_cast<char**>(args));
+
+    // execv() only returns if an error happened, in which case we
+    // panic and never return from this function.
+    PLOG(FATAL) << "execv(\"" << path << "\") failed";
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
 // selinux_android_file_context_handle() takes on the order of 10+ms to run, so we want to cache
 // its value.  selinux_android_restorecon() also needs an sehandle for file context look up.  It
 // will create and store its own copy, but selinux_android_set_sehandle() can be used to provide
diff --git a/init/selinux.h b/init/selinux.h
index c41d7f0..3aa9406 100644
--- a/init/selinux.h
+++ b/init/selinux.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-void SelinuxInitialize();
+int SetupSelinux(char** argv);
 void SelinuxRestoreContext();
 
 void SelinuxSetupKernelLogging();
diff --git a/init/service.cpp b/init/service.cpp
index 7f49423..5aa3764 100644
--- a/init/service.cpp
+++ b/init/service.cpp
@@ -235,9 +235,6 @@
       ioprio_pri_(0),
       priority_(0),
       oom_score_adjust_(-1000),
-      swappiness_(-1),
-      soft_limit_in_bytes_(-1),
-      limit_in_bytes_(-1),
       start_order_(0),
       args_(args) {}
 
@@ -630,6 +627,18 @@
     return Success();
 }
 
+Result<Success> Service::ParseMemcgLimitPercent(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &limit_percent_, 0)) {
+        return Error() << "limit_percent value must be equal or greater than 0";
+    }
+    return Success();
+}
+
+Result<Success> Service::ParseMemcgLimitProperty(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    limit_property_ = std::move(args[1]);
+    return Success();
+}
+
 Result<Success> Service::ParseMemcgSoftLimitInBytes(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     if (!ParseInt(args[1], &soft_limit_in_bytes_, 0)) {
         return Error() << "soft_limit_in_bytes value must be equal or greater than 0";
@@ -756,6 +765,11 @@
     return Success();
 }
 
+Result<Success> Service::ParseUpdatable(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    updatable_ = true;
+    return Success();
+}
+
 class Service::OptionParserMap : public KeywordMap<OptionParser> {
   public:
     OptionParserMap() {}
@@ -783,6 +797,10 @@
         {"keycodes",    {1,     kMax, &Service::ParseKeycodes}},
         {"memcg.limit_in_bytes",
                         {1,     1,    &Service::ParseMemcgLimitInBytes}},
+        {"memcg.limit_percent",
+                        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseMemcgLimitPercent}},
+        {"memcg.limit_property",
+                        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseMemcgLimitProperty}},
         {"memcg.soft_limit_in_bytes",
                         {1,     1,    &Service::ParseMemcgSoftLimitInBytes}},
         {"memcg.swappiness",
@@ -804,6 +822,7 @@
         {"socket",      {3,     6,    &Service::ParseSocket}},
         {"timeout_period",
                         {1,     1,    &Service::ParseTimeoutPeriod}},
+        {"updatable",   {0,     0,    &Service::ParseUpdatable}},
         {"user",        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseUser}},
         {"writepid",    {1,     kMax, &Service::ParseWritepid}},
     };
@@ -821,6 +840,13 @@
 }
 
 Result<Success> Service::ExecStart() {
+    if (is_updatable() && !ServiceList::GetInstance().IsServicesUpdated()) {
+        // Don't delay the service for ExecStart() as the semantic is that
+        // the caller might depend on the side effect of the execution.
+        return Error() << "Cannot start an updatable service '" << name_
+                       << "' before configs from APEXes are all loaded";
+    }
+
     flags_ |= SVC_ONESHOT;
 
     if (auto result = Start(); !result) {
@@ -838,6 +864,13 @@
 }
 
 Result<Success> Service::Start() {
+    if (is_updatable() && !ServiceList::GetInstance().IsServicesUpdated()) {
+        ServiceList::GetInstance().DelayService(*this);
+        return Error() << "Cannot start an updatable service '" << name_
+                       << "' before configs from APEXes are all loaded. "
+                       << "Queued for execution.";
+    }
+
     bool disabled = (flags_ & (SVC_DISABLED | SVC_RESET));
     // Starting a service removes it from the disabled or reset state and
     // immediately takes it out of the restarting state if it was in there.
@@ -1001,11 +1034,13 @@
     start_order_ = next_start_order_++;
     process_cgroup_empty_ = false;
 
-    errno = -createProcessGroup(uid_, pid_);
+    bool use_memcg = swappiness_ != -1 || soft_limit_in_bytes_ != -1 || limit_in_bytes_ != -1 ||
+                      limit_percent_ != -1 || !limit_property_.empty();
+    errno = -createProcessGroup(uid_, pid_, use_memcg);
     if (errno != 0) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "createProcessGroup(" << uid_ << ", " << pid_ << ") failed for service '"
                     << name_ << "'";
-    } else {
+    } else if (use_memcg) {
         if (swappiness_ != -1) {
             if (!setProcessGroupSwappiness(uid_, pid_, swappiness_)) {
                 PLOG(ERROR) << "setProcessGroupSwappiness failed";
@@ -1018,8 +1053,29 @@
             }
         }
 
-        if (limit_in_bytes_ != -1) {
-            if (!setProcessGroupLimit(uid_, pid_, limit_in_bytes_)) {
+        size_t computed_limit_in_bytes = limit_in_bytes_;
+        if (limit_percent_ != -1) {
+            long page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+            long num_pages = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
+            if (page_size > 0 && num_pages > 0) {
+                size_t max_mem = SIZE_MAX;
+                if (size_t(num_pages) < SIZE_MAX / size_t(page_size)) {
+                    max_mem = size_t(num_pages) * size_t(page_size);
+                }
+                computed_limit_in_bytes =
+                        std::min(computed_limit_in_bytes, max_mem / 100 * limit_percent_);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!limit_property_.empty()) {
+            // This ends up overwriting computed_limit_in_bytes but only if the
+            // property is defined.
+            computed_limit_in_bytes = android::base::GetUintProperty(
+                    limit_property_, computed_limit_in_bytes, SIZE_MAX);
+        }
+
+        if (computed_limit_in_bytes != size_t(-1)) {
+            if (!setProcessGroupLimit(uid_, pid_, computed_limit_in_bytes)) {
                 PLOG(ERROR) << "setProcessGroupLimit failed";
             }
         }
@@ -1244,6 +1300,32 @@
     }
 }
 
+void ServiceList::MarkServicesUpdate() {
+    services_update_finished_ = true;
+
+    // start the delayed services
+    for (const auto& name : delayed_service_names_) {
+        Service* service = FindService(name);
+        if (service == nullptr) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "delayed service '" << name << "' could not be found.";
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (auto result = service->Start(); !result) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << result.error_string();
+        }
+    }
+    delayed_service_names_.clear();
+}
+
+void ServiceList::DelayService(const Service& service) {
+    if (services_update_finished_) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot delay the start of service '" << service.name()
+                   << "' because all services are already updated. Ignoring.";
+        return;
+    }
+    delayed_service_names_.emplace_back(service.name());
+}
+
 Result<Success> ServiceParser::ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args,
                                             const std::string& filename, int line) {
     if (args.size() < 3) {
@@ -1255,6 +1337,8 @@
         return Error() << "invalid service name '" << name << "'";
     }
 
+    filename_ = filename;
+
     Subcontext* restart_action_subcontext = nullptr;
     if (subcontexts_) {
         for (auto& subcontext : *subcontexts_) {
@@ -1290,6 +1374,11 @@
                                << "'";
             }
 
+            if (StartsWith(filename_, "/apex/") && !old_service->is_updatable()) {
+                return Error() << "cannot update a non-updatable service '" << service_->name()
+                               << "' with a config in APEX";
+            }
+
             service_list_->RemoveService(*old_service);
             old_service = nullptr;
         }
diff --git a/init/service.h b/init/service.h
index c7beee9..56e75b0 100644
--- a/init/service.h
+++ b/init/service.h
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@
     std::chrono::seconds restart_period() const { return restart_period_; }
     std::optional<std::chrono::seconds> timeout_period() const { return timeout_period_; }
     const std::vector<std::string>& args() const { return args_; }
+    bool is_updatable() const { return updatable_; }
 
   private:
     using OptionParser = Result<Success> (Service::*)(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
@@ -154,6 +155,8 @@
     Result<Success> ParseOomScoreAdjust(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
     Result<Success> ParseOverride(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
     Result<Success> ParseMemcgLimitInBytes(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseMemcgLimitPercent(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseMemcgLimitProperty(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
     Result<Success> ParseMemcgSoftLimitInBytes(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
     Result<Success> ParseMemcgSwappiness(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
     Result<Success> ParseNamespace(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
@@ -168,6 +171,7 @@
     Result<Success> ParseFile(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
     Result<Success> ParseUser(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
     Result<Success> ParseWritepid(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseUpdatable(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
 
     template <typename T>
     Result<Success> AddDescriptor(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
@@ -213,9 +217,12 @@
 
     int oom_score_adjust_;
 
-    int swappiness_;
-    int soft_limit_in_bytes_;
-    int limit_in_bytes_;
+    int swappiness_ = -1;
+    int soft_limit_in_bytes_ = -1;
+
+    int limit_in_bytes_ = -1;
+    int limit_percent_ = -1;
+    std::string limit_property_;
 
     bool process_cgroup_empty_ = false;
 
@@ -230,6 +237,8 @@
     std::chrono::seconds restart_period_ = 5s;
     std::optional<std::chrono::seconds> timeout_period_;
 
+    bool updatable_ = false;
+
     std::vector<std::string> args_;
 
     std::vector<std::function<void(const siginfo_t& siginfo)>> reap_callbacks_;
@@ -274,8 +283,15 @@
     const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Service>>& services() const { return services_; }
     const std::vector<Service*> services_in_shutdown_order() const;
 
+    void MarkServicesUpdate();
+    bool IsServicesUpdated() const { return services_update_finished_; }
+    void DelayService(const Service& service);
+
   private:
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Service>> services_;
+
+    bool services_update_finished_ = false;
+    std::vector<std::string> delayed_service_names_;
 };
 
 class ServiceParser : public SectionParser {
@@ -286,6 +302,7 @@
                                  int line) override;
     Result<Success> ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line) override;
     Result<Success> EndSection() override;
+    void EndFile() override { filename_ = ""; }
 
   private:
     bool IsValidName(const std::string& name) const;
@@ -293,6 +310,7 @@
     ServiceList* service_list_;
     std::vector<Subcontext>* subcontexts_;
     std::unique_ptr<Service> service_;
+    std::string filename_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace init
diff --git a/init/switch_root.cpp b/init/switch_root.cpp
index 0e59b57..575b67f 100644
--- a/init/switch_root.cpp
+++ b/init/switch_root.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 #include "switch_root.h"
 
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <mntent.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
@@ -35,45 +34,6 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-void FreeRamdisk(DIR* dir, dev_t dev) {
-    int dfd = dirfd(dir);
-
-    dirent* de;
-    while ((de = readdir(dir)) != nullptr) {
-        if (de->d_name == "."s || de->d_name == ".."s) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        bool is_dir = false;
-
-        if (de->d_type == DT_DIR || de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
-            struct stat info;
-            if (fstatat(dfd, de->d_name, &info, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) != 0) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (info.st_dev != dev) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (S_ISDIR(info.st_mode)) {
-                is_dir = true;
-                auto fd = openat(dfd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
-                if (fd >= 0) {
-                    auto subdir =
-                            std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)>{fdopendir(fd), closedir};
-                    if (subdir) {
-                        FreeRamdisk(subdir.get(), dev);
-                    } else {
-                        close(fd);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        unlinkat(dfd, de->d_name, is_dir ? AT_REMOVEDIR : 0);
-    }
-}
-
 std::vector<std::string> GetMounts(const std::string& new_root) {
     auto fp = std::unique_ptr<std::FILE, decltype(&endmntent)>{setmntent("/proc/mounts", "re"),
                                                                endmntent};
@@ -112,24 +72,16 @@
 void SwitchRoot(const std::string& new_root) {
     auto mounts = GetMounts(new_root);
 
+    LOG(INFO) << "Switching root to '" << new_root << "'";
+
     for (const auto& mount_path : mounts) {
         auto new_mount_path = new_root + mount_path;
+        mkdir(new_mount_path.c_str(), 0755);
         if (mount(mount_path.c_str(), new_mount_path.c_str(), nullptr, MS_MOVE, nullptr) != 0) {
             PLOG(FATAL) << "Unable to move mount at '" << mount_path << "'";
         }
     }
 
-    auto old_root_dir = std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)>{opendir("/"), closedir};
-    if (!old_root_dir) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not opendir(\"/\"), not freeing ramdisk";
-    }
-
-    struct stat old_root_info;
-    if (stat("/", &old_root_info) != 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not stat(\"/\"), not freeing ramdisk";
-        old_root_dir.reset();
-    }
-
     if (chdir(new_root.c_str()) != 0) {
         PLOG(FATAL) << "Could not chdir to new_root, '" << new_root << "'";
     }
@@ -141,10 +93,6 @@
     if (chroot(".") != 0) {
         PLOG(FATAL) << "Unable to chroot to new root";
     }
-
-    if (old_root_dir) {
-        FreeRamdisk(old_root_dir.get(), old_root_info.st_dev);
-    }
 }
 
 }  // namespace init
diff --git a/init/uevent_listener.cpp b/init/uevent_listener.cpp
index 8cf2128..d6765b7 100644
--- a/init/uevent_listener.cpp
+++ b/init/uevent_listener.cpp
@@ -87,8 +87,8 @@
 }
 
 UeventListener::UeventListener() {
-    // is 2MB enough? udev uses 128MB!
-    device_fd_.reset(uevent_open_socket(2 * 1024 * 1024, true));
+    // is 16MB enough? udev uses 128MB!
+    device_fd_.reset(uevent_open_socket(16 * 1024 * 1024, true));
     if (device_fd_ == -1) {
         LOG(FATAL) << "Could not open uevent socket";
     }
diff --git a/init/ueventd_parser_test.cpp b/init/ueventd_parser_test.cpp
index 31208b9..c3af341 100644
--- a/init/ueventd_parser_test.cpp
+++ b/init/ueventd_parser_test.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "ueventd_parser.h"
 
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
diff --git a/init/ueventd_test.cpp b/init/ueventd_test.cpp
index 7290051..bfdc28e 100644
--- a/init/ueventd_test.cpp
+++ b/init/ueventd_test.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <selinux/android.h>
 #include <selinux/label.h>
diff --git a/init/util_test.cpp b/init/util_test.cpp
index 3ae53a4..1b5afba 100644
--- a/init/util_test.cpp
+++ b/init/util_test.cpp
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
diff --git a/libcutils/fs_config.cpp b/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
index bd5f26f..ee52f5e 100644
--- a/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 // way up to the root.
 
 static const struct fs_path_config android_dirs[] = {
-    // clang-format off
+        // clang-format off
     { 00770, AID_SYSTEM,       AID_CACHE,        0, "cache" },
     { 00555, AID_ROOT,         AID_ROOT,         0, "config" },
     { 00771, AID_SYSTEM,       AID_SYSTEM,       0, "data/app" },
@@ -80,17 +80,18 @@
     { 00775, AID_ROOT,         AID_ROOT,         0, "data/preloads" },
     { 00771, AID_SYSTEM,       AID_SYSTEM,       0, "data" },
     { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_SYSTEM,       0, "mnt" },
-    { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "product/bin" },
+    { 00751, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "product/bin" },
     { 00750, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "sbin" },
     { 00777, AID_ROOT,         AID_ROOT,         0, "sdcard" },
     { 00751, AID_ROOT,         AID_SDCARD_R,     0, "storage" },
-    { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "system/bin" },
+    { 00751, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "system/bin" },
     { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_ROOT,         0, "system/etc/ppp" },
     { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "system/vendor" },
-    { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "system/xbin" },
+    { 00751, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "system/xbin" },
+    { 00751, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "vendor/bin" },
     { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "vendor" },
     { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_ROOT,         0, 0 },
-    // clang-format on
+        // clang-format on
 };
 #ifndef __ANDROID_VNDK__
 auto __for_testing_only__android_dirs = android_dirs;
diff --git a/libcutils/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h b/libcutils/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h
index 845c586..68bf898 100644
--- a/libcutils/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h
+++ b/libcutils/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h
@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@
 #define AID_LMKD 1069            /* low memory killer daemon */
 #define AID_LLKD 1070            /* live lock daemon */
 #define AID_IORAPD 1071          /* input/output readahead and pin daemon */
+#define AID_GPU_SERVICE 1072     /* GPU service daemon */
 /* Changes to this file must be made in AOSP, *not* in internal branches. */
 
 #define AID_SHELL 2000 /* adb and debug shell user */
diff --git a/libcutils/tests/android_get_control_file_test.cpp b/libcutils/tests/android_get_control_file_test.cpp
index 6c6fd2a..8de8530 100644
--- a/libcutils/tests/android_get_control_file_test.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/tests/android_get_control_file_test.cpp
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <cutils/android_get_control_file.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
diff --git a/libcutils/tests/trace-dev_test.cpp b/libcutils/tests/trace-dev_test.cpp
index f8d4f00..832b36a 100644
--- a/libcutils/tests/trace-dev_test.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/tests/trace-dev_test.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include "../trace-dev.cpp"
diff --git a/libcutils/uevent.cpp b/libcutils/uevent.cpp
index 2dfceed..721de7c 100644
--- a/libcutils/uevent.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/uevent.cpp
@@ -95,6 +95,8 @@
 int uevent_open_socket(int buf_sz, bool passcred) {
     struct sockaddr_nl addr;
     int on = passcred;
+    int buf_sz_readback = 0;
+    socklen_t optlen = sizeof(buf_sz_readback);
     int s;
 
     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
@@ -105,11 +107,21 @@
     s = socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT);
     if (s < 0) return -1;
 
-    /* buf_sz should be less than net.core.rmem_max for this to succeed */
-    if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &buf_sz, sizeof(buf_sz)) < 0) {
+    if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &buf_sz, sizeof(buf_sz)) < 0 ||
+          getsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &buf_sz_readback, &optlen) < 0) {
         close(s);
         return -1;
     }
+    /* Only if SO_RCVBUF was not effective, try SO_RCVBUFFORCE. Generally, we
+     * want to avoid SO_RCVBUFFORCE, because it generates SELinux denials in
+     * case we don't have CAP_NET_ADMIN. This is the case, for example, for
+     * healthd. */
+    if (buf_sz_readback < 2 * buf_sz) {
+        if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &buf_sz, sizeof(buf_sz)) < 0) {
+            close(s);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
 
     setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PASSCRED, &on, sizeof(on));
 
diff --git a/liblog/include/android/log.h b/liblog/include/android/log.h
index ee9220d..b2f0ed9 100644
--- a/liblog/include/android/log.h
+++ b/liblog/include/android/log.h
@@ -14,25 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _ANDROID_LOG_H
-#define _ANDROID_LOG_H
-
-/******************************************************************
- *
- * IMPORTANT NOTICE:
- *
- *   This file is part of Android's set of stable system headers
- *   exposed by the Android NDK (Native Development Kit) since
- *   platform release 1.5
- *
- *   Third-party source AND binary code relies on the definitions
- *   here to be FROZEN ON ALL UPCOMING PLATFORM RELEASES.
- *
- *   - DO NOT MODIFY ENUMS (EXCEPT IF YOU ADD NEW 32-BIT VALUES)
- *   - DO NOT MODIFY CONSTANTS OR FUNCTIONAL MACROS
- *   - DO NOT CHANGE THE SIGNATURE OF FUNCTIONS IN ANY WAY
- *   - DO NOT CHANGE THE LAYOUT OR SIZE OF STRUCTURES
- */
+#pragma once
 
 /**
  * @addtogroup Logging
@@ -154,27 +136,51 @@
 
 #ifndef log_id_t_defined
 #define log_id_t_defined
+/**
+ * Identifies a specific log buffer for __android_log_buf_write()
+ * and __android_log_buf_print().
+ */
 typedef enum log_id {
   LOG_ID_MIN = 0,
 
+  /** The main log buffer. This is the only log buffer available to apps. */
   LOG_ID_MAIN = 0,
+  /** The radio log buffer. */
   LOG_ID_RADIO = 1,
+  /** The event log buffer. */
   LOG_ID_EVENTS = 2,
+  /** The system log buffer. */
   LOG_ID_SYSTEM = 3,
+  /** The crash log buffer. */
   LOG_ID_CRASH = 4,
+  /** The statistics log buffer. */
   LOG_ID_STATS = 5,
+  /** The security log buffer. */
   LOG_ID_SECURITY = 6,
-  LOG_ID_KERNEL = 7, /* place last, third-parties can not use it */
+  /** The kernel log buffer. */
+  LOG_ID_KERNEL = 7,
 
   LOG_ID_MAX
 } log_id_t;
 #endif
 
-/*
- * Send a simple string to the log.
+/**
+ * Writes the constant string `text` to the log buffer `id`,
+ * with priority `prio` and tag `tag`.
+ *
+ * Apps should use __android_log_write() instead.
  */
 int __android_log_buf_write(int bufID, int prio, const char* tag,
                             const char* text);
+
+/**
+ * Writes a formatted string to log buffer `id`,
+ * with priority `prio` and tag `tag`.
+ * The details of formatting are the same as for
+ * [printf(3)](http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/printf.3.html).
+ *
+ * Apps should use __android_log_print() instead.
+ */
 int __android_log_buf_print(int bufID, int prio, const char* tag,
                             const char* fmt, ...)
 #if defined(__GNUC__)
@@ -187,5 +193,3 @@
 #endif
 
 /** @} */
-
-#endif /* _ANDROID_LOG_H */
diff --git a/libmeminfo/.clang-format b/libmeminfo/.clang-format
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..1af4f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../.clang-format-4
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libmeminfo/Android.bp b/libmeminfo/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aab3743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libmeminfo_defaults",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "liblog",
+        "libprocinfo",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libmeminfo",
+    defaults: ["libmeminfo_defaults"],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: ["libbase"],
+    srcs: [
+        "pageacct.cpp",
+        "procmeminfo.cpp",
+        "sysmeminfo.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "libmeminfo_test",
+    defaults: ["libmeminfo_defaults"],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "libmeminfo",
+        "libpagemap",
+        "libbase",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "libmeminfo_test.cpp"
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_benchmark {
+    name: "libmeminfo_benchmark",
+    srcs: [
+        "libmeminfo_benchmark.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs : [
+        "libbase",
+        "liblog",
+        "libmeminfo",
+        "libprocinfo",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/meminfo.h b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/meminfo.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c328648
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/meminfo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace meminfo {
+
+struct MemUsage {
+    uint64_t vss;
+    uint64_t rss;
+    uint64_t pss;
+    uint64_t uss;
+
+    uint64_t private_clean;
+    uint64_t private_dirty;
+    uint64_t shared_clean;
+    uint64_t shared_dirty;
+
+    MemUsage()
+        : vss(0),
+          rss(0),
+          pss(0),
+          uss(0),
+          private_clean(0),
+          private_dirty(0),
+          shared_clean(0),
+          shared_dirty(0) {}
+
+    ~MemUsage() = default;
+
+    void clear() {
+        vss = rss = pss = uss = 0;
+        private_clean = private_dirty = shared_clean = shared_dirty = 0;
+    }
+};
+
+struct Vma {
+    uint64_t start;
+    uint64_t end;
+    uint64_t offset;
+    uint16_t flags;
+    std::string name;
+
+    Vma(uint64_t s, uint64_t e, uint64_t off, uint16_t f, const char* n)
+        : start(s), end(e), offset(off), flags(f), name(n) {}
+    ~Vma() = default;
+
+    // Memory usage of this mapping.
+    MemUsage usage;
+    // Working set within this mapping.
+    MemUsage wss;
+};
+
+}  // namespace meminfo
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/pageacct.h b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/pageacct.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ddaef2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/pageacct.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace meminfo {
+
+class PageAcct final {
+    // Class for per-page accounting by using kernel provided interfaces like
+    // kpagecount, kpageflags etc.
+  public:
+    static bool KernelHasPageIdle() {
+        return (access("/sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap", R_OK | W_OK) == 0);
+    }
+
+    bool InitPageAcct(bool pageidle_enable = false);
+    bool PageFlags(uint64_t pfn, uint64_t* flags);
+    bool PageMapCount(uint64_t pfn, uint64_t* mapcount);
+
+    int IsPageIdle(uint64_t pfn);
+
+    // The only way to create PageAcct object
+    static PageAcct& Instance() {
+        static PageAcct instance;
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    ~PageAcct() = default;
+
+  private:
+    PageAcct() : kpagecount_fd_(-1), kpageflags_fd_(-1), pageidle_fd_(-1) {}
+    int MarkPageIdle(uint64_t pfn) const;
+    int GetPageIdle(uint64_t pfn) const;
+
+    // Non-copyable & Non-movable
+    PageAcct(const PageAcct&) = delete;
+    PageAcct& operator=(const PageAcct&) = delete;
+    PageAcct& operator=(PageAcct&&) = delete;
+    PageAcct(PageAcct&&) = delete;
+
+    ::android::base::unique_fd kpagecount_fd_;
+    ::android::base::unique_fd kpageflags_fd_;
+    ::android::base::unique_fd pageidle_fd_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace meminfo
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/procmeminfo.h b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/procmeminfo.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b37c56b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/procmeminfo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "meminfo.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace meminfo {
+
+class ProcMemInfo final {
+    // Per-process memory accounting
+  public:
+    ProcMemInfo(pid_t pid, bool get_wss = false);
+
+    const std::vector<Vma>& Maps();
+    const MemUsage& Usage();
+    const MemUsage& Wss();
+
+    bool WssReset();
+    ~ProcMemInfo() = default;
+
+  private:
+    bool ReadMaps(bool get_wss);
+    bool ReadVmaStats(int pagemap_fd, Vma& vma, bool get_wss);
+
+    pid_t pid_;
+    bool get_wss_;
+
+    std::vector<Vma> maps_;
+
+    MemUsage usage_;
+    MemUsage wss_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace meminfo
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/sysmeminfo.h b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/sysmeminfo.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5e05bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/sysmeminfo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace meminfo {
+
+class SysMemInfo final {
+    // System or Global memory accounting
+  public:
+    static const std::vector<std::string> kDefaultSysMemInfoTags;
+
+    SysMemInfo() = default;
+
+    // Parse /proc/meminfo and read values that are needed
+    bool ReadMemInfo(const std::string& path = "/proc/meminfo");
+    bool ReadMemInfo(const std::vector<std::string>& tags,
+                     const std::string& path = "/proc/meminfo");
+
+    // getters
+    uint64_t mem_total_kb() { return mem_in_kb_["MemTotal:"]; }
+    uint64_t mem_free_kb() { return mem_in_kb_["MemFree:"]; }
+    uint64_t mem_buffers_kb() { return mem_in_kb_["Buffers:"]; }
+    uint64_t mem_cached_kb() { return mem_in_kb_["Cached:"]; }
+    uint64_t mem_shmem_kb() { return mem_in_kb_["Shmem:"]; }
+    uint64_t mem_slab_kb() { return mem_in_kb_["Slab:"]; }
+    uint64_t mem_slab_reclailmable_kb() { return mem_in_kb_["SReclaimable:"]; }
+    uint64_t mem_slab_unreclaimable_kb() { return mem_in_kb_["SUnreclaim:"]; }
+    uint64_t mem_swap_kb() { return mem_in_kb_["SwapTotal:"]; }
+    uint64_t mem_free_swap_kb() { return mem_in_kb_["SwapFree:"]; }
+    uint64_t mem_zram_kb() { return mem_in_kb_["Zram:"]; }
+    uint64_t mem_mapped_kb() { return mem_in_kb_["Mapped:"]; }
+    uint64_t mem_vmalloc_used_kb() { return mem_in_kb_["VmallocUsed:"]; }
+    uint64_t mem_page_tables_kb() { return mem_in_kb_["PageTables:"]; }
+    uint64_t mem_kernel_stack_kb() { return mem_in_kb_["KernelStack:"]; }
+
+  private:
+    std::map<std::string, uint64_t> mem_in_kb_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace meminfo
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libmeminfo/libmeminfo_benchmark.cpp b/libmeminfo/libmeminfo_benchmark.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2239f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/libmeminfo_benchmark.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <meminfo/sysmeminfo.h>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+enum {
+    MEMINFO_TOTAL,
+    MEMINFO_FREE,
+    MEMINFO_BUFFERS,
+    MEMINFO_CACHED,
+    MEMINFO_SHMEM,
+    MEMINFO_SLAB,
+    MEMINFO_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE,
+    MEMINFO_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE,
+    MEMINFO_SWAP_TOTAL,
+    MEMINFO_SWAP_FREE,
+    MEMINFO_ZRAM_TOTAL,
+    MEMINFO_MAPPED,
+    MEMINFO_VMALLOC_USED,
+    MEMINFO_PAGE_TABLES,
+    MEMINFO_KERNEL_STACK,
+    MEMINFO_COUNT
+};
+
+void get_mem_info(uint64_t mem[], const char* file) {
+    char buffer[4096];
+    unsigned int numFound = 0;
+
+    int fd = open(file, O_RDONLY);
+
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        printf("Unable to open %s: %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int len = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
+    close(fd);
+
+    if (len < 0) {
+        printf("Empty %s\n", file);
+        return;
+    }
+    buffer[len] = 0;
+
+    static const char* const tags[] = {
+            "MemTotal:",     "MemFree:",    "Buffers:",     "Cached:",       "Shmem:", "Slab:",
+            "SReclaimable:", "SUnreclaim:", "SwapTotal:",   "SwapFree:",     "ZRam:",  "Mapped:",
+            "VmallocUsed:",  "PageTables:", "KernelStack:", NULL};
+
+    static const int tagsLen[] = {9, 8, 8, 7, 6, 5, 13, 11, 10, 9, 5, 7, 12, 11, 12, 0};
+
+    memset(mem, 0, sizeof(uint64_t) * 15);
+    char* p = buffer;
+    while (*p && (numFound < (sizeof(tagsLen) / sizeof(tagsLen[0])))) {
+        int i = 0;
+        while (tags[i]) {
+            //std::cout << "tag =" << tags[i] << " p = " << std::string(p, tagsLen[i]) << std::endl;
+            if (strncmp(p, tags[i], tagsLen[i]) == 0) {
+                p += tagsLen[i];
+                while (*p == ' ') p++;
+                char* num = p;
+                while (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') p++;
+                if (*p != 0) {
+                    *p = 0;
+                    p++;
+                }
+                mem[i] = atoll(num);
+                numFound++;
+                break;
+            }
+            i++;
+        }
+        while (*p && *p != '\n') {
+            p++;
+        }
+        if (*p) p++;
+    }
+}
+
+static void BM_ParseSysMemInfo(benchmark::State& state) {
+    std::string meminfo = R"meminfo(MemTotal:        3019740 kB
+MemFree:         1809728 kB
+MemAvailable:    2546560 kB
+Buffers:           54736 kB
+Cached:           776052 kB
+SwapCached:            0 kB
+Active:           445856 kB
+Inactive:         459092 kB
+Active(anon):      78492 kB
+Inactive(anon):     2240 kB
+Active(file):     367364 kB
+Inactive(file):   456852 kB
+Unevictable:        3096 kB
+Mlocked:            3096 kB
+SwapTotal:             0 kB
+SwapFree:              0 kB
+Dirty:                32 kB
+Writeback:             0 kB
+AnonPages:         74988 kB
+Mapped:            62624 kB
+Shmem:              4020 kB
+Slab:              86464 kB
+SReclaimable:      44432 kB
+SUnreclaim:        42032 kB
+KernelStack:        4880 kB
+PageTables:         2900 kB
+NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
+Bounce:                0 kB
+WritebackTmp:          0 kB
+CommitLimit:     1509868 kB
+Committed_AS:      80296 kB
+VmallocTotal:   263061440 kB
+VmallocUsed:           0 kB
+VmallocChunk:          0 kB
+AnonHugePages:      6144 kB
+ShmemHugePages:        0 kB
+ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB
+CmaTotal:         131072 kB
+CmaFree:          130380 kB
+HugePages_Total:       0
+HugePages_Free:        0
+HugePages_Rsvd:        0
+HugePages_Surp:        0
+Hugepagesize:       2048 kB)meminfo";
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ::android::base::WriteStringToFd(meminfo, tf.fd);
+
+    uint64_t mem[MEMINFO_COUNT];
+    for (auto _ : state) {
+        get_mem_info(mem, tf.path);
+    }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_ParseSysMemInfo);
+
+static void BM_ReadMemInfo(benchmark::State& state) {
+    std::string meminfo = R"meminfo(MemTotal:        3019740 kB
+MemFree:         1809728 kB
+MemAvailable:    2546560 kB
+Buffers:           54736 kB
+Cached:           776052 kB
+SwapCached:            0 kB
+Active:           445856 kB
+Inactive:         459092 kB
+Active(anon):      78492 kB
+Inactive(anon):     2240 kB
+Active(file):     367364 kB
+Inactive(file):   456852 kB
+Unevictable:        3096 kB
+Mlocked:            3096 kB
+SwapTotal:             0 kB
+SwapFree:              0 kB
+Dirty:                32 kB
+Writeback:             0 kB
+AnonPages:         74988 kB
+Mapped:            62624 kB
+Shmem:              4020 kB
+Slab:              86464 kB
+SReclaimable:      44432 kB
+SUnreclaim:        42032 kB
+KernelStack:        4880 kB
+PageTables:         2900 kB
+NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
+Bounce:                0 kB
+WritebackTmp:          0 kB
+CommitLimit:     1509868 kB
+Committed_AS:      80296 kB
+VmallocTotal:   263061440 kB
+VmallocUsed:           0 kB
+VmallocChunk:          0 kB
+AnonHugePages:      6144 kB
+ShmemHugePages:        0 kB
+ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB
+CmaTotal:         131072 kB
+CmaFree:          130380 kB
+HugePages_Total:       0
+HugePages_Free:        0
+HugePages_Rsvd:        0
+HugePages_Surp:        0
+Hugepagesize:       2048 kB)meminfo";
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    android::base::WriteStringToFd(meminfo, tf.fd);
+
+    std::string file = std::string(tf.path);
+    ::android::meminfo::SysMemInfo mi;
+    for (auto _ : state) {
+        mi.ReadMemInfo(file);
+    }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_ReadMemInfo);
+
+BENCHMARK_MAIN();
diff --git a/libmeminfo/libmeminfo_test.cpp b/libmeminfo/libmeminfo_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a2be41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/libmeminfo_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <meminfo/pageacct.h>
+#include <meminfo/procmeminfo.h>
+#include <meminfo/sysmeminfo.h>
+#include <pagemap/pagemap.h>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace android::meminfo;
+
+pid_t pid = -1;
+
+class ValidateProcMemInfo : public ::testing::Test {
+  protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_kernel_create(&ker));
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_process_create(ker, pid, &proc));
+        proc_mem = new ProcMemInfo(pid);
+        ASSERT_NE(proc_mem, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override {
+        delete proc_mem;
+        pm_process_destroy(proc);
+        pm_kernel_destroy(ker);
+    }
+
+    pm_kernel_t* ker;
+    pm_process_t* proc;
+    ProcMemInfo* proc_mem;
+};
+
+TEST_F(ValidateProcMemInfo, TestMapsSize) {
+    const std::vector<Vma>& maps = proc_mem->Maps();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(maps.empty()) << "Process " << getpid() << " maps are empty";
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateProcMemInfo, TestMapsEquality) {
+    const std::vector<Vma>& maps = proc_mem->Maps();
+    ASSERT_EQ(proc->num_maps, maps.size());
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < maps.size(); ++i) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(proc->maps[i]->start, maps[i].start);
+        EXPECT_EQ(proc->maps[i]->end, maps[i].end);
+        EXPECT_EQ(proc->maps[i]->offset, maps[i].offset);
+        EXPECT_EQ(std::string(proc->maps[i]->name), maps[i].name);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateProcMemInfo, TestMapsUsage) {
+    const std::vector<Vma>& maps = proc_mem->Maps();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(maps.empty());
+    ASSERT_EQ(proc->num_maps, maps.size());
+
+    pm_memusage_t map_usage, proc_usage;
+    pm_memusage_zero(&map_usage);
+    pm_memusage_zero(&proc_usage);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < maps.size(); i++) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_map_usage(proc->maps[i], &map_usage));
+        EXPECT_EQ(map_usage.vss, maps[i].usage.vss) << "VSS mismatch for map: " << maps[i].name;
+        EXPECT_EQ(map_usage.rss, maps[i].usage.rss) << "RSS mismatch for map: " << maps[i].name;
+        EXPECT_EQ(map_usage.pss, maps[i].usage.pss) << "PSS mismatch for map: " << maps[i].name;
+        EXPECT_EQ(map_usage.uss, maps[i].usage.uss) << "USS mismatch for map: " << maps[i].name;
+        pm_memusage_add(&proc_usage, &map_usage);
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.vss, proc_mem->Usage().vss);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.rss, proc_mem->Usage().rss);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.pss, proc_mem->Usage().pss);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.uss, proc_mem->Usage().uss);
+}
+
+class ValidateProcMemInfoWss : public ::testing::Test {
+  protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_kernel_create(&ker));
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_process_create(ker, pid, &proc));
+        proc_mem = new ProcMemInfo(pid, true);
+        ASSERT_NE(proc_mem, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override {
+        delete proc_mem;
+        pm_process_destroy(proc);
+        pm_kernel_destroy(ker);
+    }
+
+    pm_kernel_t* ker;
+    pm_process_t* proc;
+    ProcMemInfo* proc_mem;
+};
+
+TEST_F(ValidateProcMemInfoWss, TestWorkingTestReset) {
+    // Expect reset to succeed
+    EXPECT_TRUE(proc_mem->WssReset());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateProcMemInfoWss, TestWssEquality) {
+    // Read wss using libpagemap
+    pm_memusage_t wss_pagemap;
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, pm_process_workingset(proc, &wss_pagemap, 0));
+
+    // Read wss using libmeminfo
+    MemUsage wss = proc_mem->Wss();
+
+    // compare
+    EXPECT_EQ(wss_pagemap.rss, wss.rss);
+    EXPECT_EQ(wss_pagemap.pss, wss.pss);
+    EXPECT_EQ(wss_pagemap.uss, wss.uss);
+}
+
+class ValidatePageAcct : public ::testing::Test {
+  protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_kernel_create(&ker));
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_process_create(ker, pid, &proc));
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override {
+        pm_process_destroy(proc);
+        pm_kernel_destroy(ker);
+    }
+
+    pm_kernel_t* ker;
+    pm_process_t* proc;
+};
+
+TEST_F(ValidatePageAcct, TestPageFlags) {
+    PageAcct& pi = PageAcct::Instance();
+    pi.InitPageAcct(false);
+
+    uint64_t* pagemap;
+    size_t num_pages;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < proc->num_maps; i++) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_map_pagemap(proc->maps[i], &pagemap, &num_pages));
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < num_pages; j++) {
+            if (!PM_PAGEMAP_PRESENT(pagemap[j])) continue;
+
+            uint64_t pfn = PM_PAGEMAP_PFN(pagemap[j]);
+            uint64_t page_flags_pagemap, page_flags_meminfo;
+
+            ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_kernel_flags(ker, pfn, &page_flags_pagemap));
+            ASSERT_TRUE(pi.PageFlags(pfn, &page_flags_meminfo));
+            // check if page flags equal
+            EXPECT_EQ(page_flags_pagemap, page_flags_meminfo);
+        }
+        free(pagemap);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidatePageAcct, TestPageCounts) {
+    PageAcct& pi = PageAcct::Instance();
+    pi.InitPageAcct(false);
+
+    uint64_t* pagemap;
+    size_t num_pages;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < proc->num_maps; i++) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_map_pagemap(proc->maps[i], &pagemap, &num_pages));
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < num_pages; j++) {
+            uint64_t pfn = PM_PAGEMAP_PFN(pagemap[j]);
+            uint64_t map_count_pagemap, map_count_meminfo;
+
+            ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_kernel_count(ker, pfn, &map_count_pagemap));
+            ASSERT_TRUE(pi.PageMapCount(pfn, &map_count_meminfo));
+            // check if map counts are equal
+            EXPECT_EQ(map_count_pagemap, map_count_meminfo);
+        }
+        free(pagemap);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidatePageAcct, TestPageIdle) {
+    // skip the test if idle page tracking isn't enabled
+    if (pm_kernel_init_page_idle(ker) != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    PageAcct& pi = PageAcct::Instance();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(pi.InitPageAcct(true));
+
+    uint64_t* pagemap;
+    size_t num_pages;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < proc->num_maps; i++) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_map_pagemap(proc->maps[i], &pagemap, &num_pages));
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < num_pages; j++) {
+            if (!PM_PAGEMAP_PRESENT(pagemap[j])) continue;
+            uint64_t pfn = PM_PAGEMAP_PFN(pagemap[j]);
+
+            ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_kernel_mark_page_idle(ker, &pfn, 1));
+            int idle_status_pagemap = pm_kernel_get_page_idle(ker, pfn);
+            int idle_status_meminfo = pi.IsPageIdle(pfn);
+            EXPECT_EQ(idle_status_pagemap, idle_status_meminfo);
+        }
+        free(pagemap);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(SysMemInfoParser, TestSysMemInfoFile) {
+    std::string meminfo = R"meminfo(MemTotal:        3019740 kB
+MemFree:         1809728 kB
+MemAvailable:    2546560 kB
+Buffers:           54736 kB
+Cached:           776052 kB
+SwapCached:            0 kB
+Active:           445856 kB
+Inactive:         459092 kB
+Active(anon):      78492 kB
+Inactive(anon):     2240 kB
+Active(file):     367364 kB
+Inactive(file):   456852 kB
+Unevictable:        3096 kB
+Mlocked:            3096 kB
+SwapTotal:             0 kB
+SwapFree:              0 kB
+Dirty:                32 kB
+Writeback:             0 kB
+AnonPages:         74988 kB
+Mapped:            62624 kB
+Shmem:              4020 kB
+Slab:              86464 kB
+SReclaimable:      44432 kB
+SUnreclaim:        42032 kB
+KernelStack:        4880 kB
+PageTables:         2900 kB
+NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
+Bounce:                0 kB
+WritebackTmp:          0 kB
+CommitLimit:     1509868 kB
+Committed_AS:      80296 kB
+VmallocTotal:   263061440 kB
+VmallocUsed:           0 kB
+VmallocChunk:          0 kB
+AnonHugePages:      6144 kB
+ShmemHugePages:        0 kB
+ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB
+CmaTotal:         131072 kB
+CmaFree:          130380 kB
+HugePages_Total:       0
+HugePages_Free:        0
+HugePages_Rsvd:        0
+HugePages_Surp:        0
+Hugepagesize:       2048 kB)meminfo";
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(::android::base::WriteStringToFd(meminfo, tf.fd));
+
+    SysMemInfo mi;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mi.ReadMemInfo(tf.path));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_total_kb(), 3019740);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_page_tables_kb(), 2900);
+}
+
+TEST(SysMemInfoParser, TestEmptyFile) {
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    std::string empty_string = "";
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(::android::base::WriteStringToFd(empty_string, tf.fd));
+
+    SysMemInfo mi;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mi.ReadMemInfo(tf.path));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_total_kb(), 0);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    if (argc <= 1) {
+        cerr << "Pid of a permanently sleeping process must be provided." << endl;
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    ::android::base::InitLogging(argv, android::base::StderrLogger);
+    pid = std::stoi(std::string(argv[1]));
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/libmeminfo/meminfo_private.h b/libmeminfo/meminfo_private.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df5699c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/meminfo_private.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <meminfo/meminfo.h>
+#include <meminfo/pageacct.h>
+#include <meminfo/procmeminfo.h>
+#include <meminfo/sysmeminfo.h>
+
+// Macros to do per-page flag manipulation
+#define _BITS(x, offset, bits) (((x) >> (offset)) & ((1LL << (bits)) - 1))
+#define PAGE_PRESENT(x) (_BITS(x, 63, 1))
+#define PAGE_SWAPPED(x) (_BITS(x, 62, 1))
+#define PAGE_SHIFT(x) (_BITS(x, 55, 6))
+#define PAGE_PFN(x) (_BITS(x, 0, 55))
+#define PAGE_SWAP_OFFSET(x) (_BITS(x, 5, 50))
+#define PAGE_SWAP_TYPE(x) (_BITS(x, 0, 5))
diff --git a/libmeminfo/pageacct.cpp b/libmeminfo/pageacct.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..887a74d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/pageacct.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+#include "meminfo_private.h"
+
+using unique_fd = ::android::base::unique_fd;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace meminfo {
+
+static inline off64_t pfn_to_idle_bitmap_offset(uint64_t pfn) {
+    return static_cast<off64_t>((pfn >> 6) << 3);
+}
+
+uint64_t pagesize(void) {
+    static uint64_t pagesize = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
+    return pagesize;
+}
+
+bool PageAcct::InitPageAcct(bool pageidle_enable) {
+    if (pageidle_enable && !PageAcct::KernelHasPageIdle()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Idle page tracking is not supported by the kernel";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (kpagecount_fd_ < 0) {
+        unique_fd count_fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("/proc/kpagecount", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
+        if (count_fd < 0) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open /proc/kpagecount";
+            return false;
+        }
+        kpagecount_fd_ = std::move(count_fd);
+    }
+
+    if (kpageflags_fd_ < 0) {
+        unique_fd flags_fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("/proc/kpageflags", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
+        if (flags_fd < 0) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open /proc/kpageflags";
+            return false;
+        }
+        kpageflags_fd_ = std::move(flags_fd);
+    }
+
+    if (pageidle_enable && pageidle_fd_ < 0) {
+        unique_fd idle_fd(
+                TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("/sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)));
+        if (idle_fd < 0) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open page idle bitmap";
+            return false;
+        }
+        pageidle_fd_ = std::move(idle_fd);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool PageAcct::PageFlags(uint64_t pfn, uint64_t* flags) {
+    if (!flags) return false;
+
+    if (kpageflags_fd_ < 0) {
+        if (!InitPageAcct()) return false;
+    }
+
+    if (pread64(kpageflags_fd_, flags, sizeof(uint64_t), pfn * sizeof(uint64_t)) < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page flags for page " << pfn;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool PageAcct::PageMapCount(uint64_t pfn, uint64_t* mapcount) {
+    if (!mapcount) return false;
+
+    if (kpagecount_fd_ < 0) {
+        if (!InitPageAcct()) return false;
+    }
+
+    if (pread64(kpagecount_fd_, mapcount, sizeof(uint64_t), pfn * sizeof(uint64_t)) < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read map count for page " << pfn;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+int PageAcct::IsPageIdle(uint64_t pfn) {
+    if (pageidle_fd_ < 0) {
+        if (!InitPageAcct(true)) return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+    }
+
+    int idle_status = MarkPageIdle(pfn);
+    if (idle_status) return idle_status;
+
+    return GetPageIdle(pfn);
+}
+
+int PageAcct::MarkPageIdle(uint64_t pfn) const {
+    off64_t offset = pfn_to_idle_bitmap_offset(pfn);
+    // set the bit corresponding to page frame
+    uint64_t idle_bits = 1ULL << (pfn % 64);
+
+    if (pwrite64(pageidle_fd_, &idle_bits, sizeof(uint64_t), offset) < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write page idle bitmap for page " << pfn;
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int PageAcct::GetPageIdle(uint64_t pfn) const {
+    off64_t offset = pfn_to_idle_bitmap_offset(pfn);
+    uint64_t idle_bits;
+
+    if (pread64(pageidle_fd_, &idle_bits, sizeof(uint64_t), offset) < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page idle bitmap for page " << pfn;
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    return !!(idle_bits & (1ULL << (pfn % 64)));
+}
+
+}  // namespace meminfo
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp b/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe91d25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <linux/kernel-page-flags.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <procinfo/process_map.h>
+
+#include "meminfo_private.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace meminfo {
+
+static void add_mem_usage(MemUsage* to, const MemUsage& from) {
+    to->vss += from.vss;
+    to->rss += from.rss;
+    to->pss += from.pss;
+    to->uss += from.uss;
+
+    to->private_clean += from.private_clean;
+    to->private_dirty += from.private_dirty;
+
+    to->shared_clean += from.shared_clean;
+    to->shared_dirty += from.shared_dirty;
+}
+
+ProcMemInfo::ProcMemInfo(pid_t pid, bool get_wss) : pid_(pid), get_wss_(get_wss) {
+    if (!ReadMaps(get_wss_)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read maps for Process " << pid_;
+    }
+}
+
+const std::vector<Vma>& ProcMemInfo::Maps() {
+    return maps_;
+}
+
+const MemUsage& ProcMemInfo::Usage() {
+    if (get_wss_) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "Trying to read memory usage from working set object";
+    }
+    return usage_;
+}
+
+const MemUsage& ProcMemInfo::Wss() {
+    if (!get_wss_) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "Trying to read working set when there is none";
+    }
+
+    return wss_;
+}
+
+bool ProcMemInfo::WssReset() {
+    if (!get_wss_) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Trying to reset working set from a memory usage counting object";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::string clear_refs_path = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/clear_refs", pid_);
+    if (!::android::base::WriteStringToFile("1\n", clear_refs_path)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write to " << clear_refs_path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    wss_.clear();
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ProcMemInfo::ReadMaps(bool get_wss) {
+    // parse and read /proc/<pid>/maps
+    std::string maps_file = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/maps", pid_);
+    if (!::android::procinfo::ReadMapFile(
+                maps_file, [&](uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint16_t flags, uint64_t pgoff,
+                               const char* name) {
+                    maps_.emplace_back(Vma(start, end, pgoff, flags, name));
+                })) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to parse " << maps_file;
+        maps_.clear();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::string pagemap_file = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/pagemap", pid_);
+    ::android::base::unique_fd pagemap_fd(
+            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(pagemap_file.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    if (pagemap_fd < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open " << pagemap_file;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (auto& vma : maps_) {
+        if (!ReadVmaStats(pagemap_fd.get(), vma, get_wss)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page map for vma " << vma.name << "[" << vma.start
+                       << "-" << vma.end << "]";
+            maps_.clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (get_wss) {
+            add_mem_usage(&wss_, vma.wss);
+        } else {
+            add_mem_usage(&usage_, vma.usage);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ProcMemInfo::ReadVmaStats(int pagemap_fd, Vma& vma, bool get_wss) {
+    PageAcct& pinfo = PageAcct::Instance();
+    uint64_t pagesz = getpagesize();
+    uint64_t num_pages = (vma.end - vma.start) / pagesz;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<uint64_t[]> pg_frames(new uint64_t[num_pages]);
+    uint64_t first = vma.start / pagesz;
+    if (pread64(pagemap_fd, pg_frames.get(), num_pages * sizeof(uint64_t),
+                first * sizeof(uint64_t)) < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page frames from page map for pid: " << pid_;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<uint64_t[]> pg_flags(new uint64_t[num_pages]);
+    std::unique_ptr<uint64_t[]> pg_counts(new uint64_t[num_pages]);
+    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_pages; ++i) {
+        if (!get_wss) {
+            vma.usage.vss += pagesz;
+        }
+        uint64_t p = pg_frames[i];
+        if (!PAGE_PRESENT(p) && !PAGE_SWAPPED(p)) continue;
+
+        if (PAGE_SWAPPED(p)) {
+            // TODO: do what's needed for swapped pages
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        uint64_t page_frame = PAGE_PFN(p);
+        if (!pinfo.PageFlags(page_frame, &pg_flags[i])) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get page flags for " << page_frame << " in process " << pid_;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!pinfo.PageMapCount(page_frame, &pg_counts[i])) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get page count for " << page_frame << " in process " << pid_;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Page was unmapped between the presence check at the beginning of the loop and here.
+        if (pg_counts[i] == 0) {
+            pg_frames[i] = 0;
+            pg_flags[i] = 0;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        bool is_dirty = !!(pg_flags[i] & (1 << KPF_DIRTY));
+        bool is_private = (pg_counts[i] == 1);
+        // Working set
+        if (get_wss) {
+            bool is_referenced = !!(pg_flags[i] & (1 << KPF_REFERENCED));
+            if (!is_referenced) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // This effectively makes vss = rss for the working set is requested.
+            // The libpagemap implementation returns vss > rss for
+            // working set, which doesn't make sense.
+            vma.wss.vss += pagesz;
+            vma.wss.rss += pagesz;
+            vma.wss.uss += is_private ? pagesz : 0;
+            vma.wss.pss += pagesz / pg_counts[i];
+            if (is_private) {
+                vma.wss.private_dirty += is_dirty ? pagesz : 0;
+                vma.wss.private_clean += is_dirty ? 0 : pagesz;
+            } else {
+                vma.wss.shared_dirty += is_dirty ? pagesz : 0;
+                vma.wss.shared_clean += is_dirty ? 0 : pagesz;
+            }
+        } else {
+            vma.usage.rss += pagesz;
+            vma.usage.uss += is_private ? pagesz : 0;
+            vma.usage.pss += pagesz / pg_counts[i];
+            if (is_private) {
+                vma.usage.private_dirty += is_dirty ? pagesz : 0;
+                vma.usage.private_clean += is_dirty ? 0 : pagesz;
+            } else {
+                vma.usage.shared_dirty += is_dirty ? pagesz : 0;
+                vma.usage.shared_clean += is_dirty ? 0 : pagesz;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace meminfo
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libmeminfo/sysmeminfo.cpp b/libmeminfo/sysmeminfo.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50fa213
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/sysmeminfo.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <cctype>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+
+#include "meminfo_private.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace meminfo {
+
+const std::vector<std::string> SysMemInfo::kDefaultSysMemInfoTags = {
+    "MemTotal:", "MemFree:",      "Buffers:",     "Cached:",     "Shmem:",
+    "Slab:",     "SReclaimable:", "SUnreclaim:",  "SwapTotal:",  "SwapFree:",
+    "ZRam:",     "Mapped:",       "VmallocUsed:", "PageTables:", "KernelStack:",
+};
+
+bool SysMemInfo::ReadMemInfo(const std::string& path) {
+    return ReadMemInfo(SysMemInfo::kDefaultSysMemInfoTags, path);
+}
+
+// TODO: Delete this function if it can't match up with the c-like implementation below.
+// Currently, this added about 50 % extra overhead on hikey.
+#if 0
+bool SysMemInfo::ReadMemInfo(const std::vector<std::string>& tags, const std::string& path) {
+    std::string buffer;
+    if (!::android::base::ReadFileToString(path, &buffer)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read : " << path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t total_found = 0;
+    for (auto s = buffer.begin(); s < buffer.end() && total_found < tags.size();) {
+        for (auto& tag : tags) {
+            if (tag == std::string(s, s + tag.size())) {
+                s += tag.size();
+                while (isspace(*s)) s++;
+                auto num_start = s;
+                while (std::isdigit(*s)) s++;
+
+                std::string number(num_start, num_start + (s - num_start));
+                if (!::android::base::ParseUint(number, &mem_in_kb_[tag])) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to parse uint";
+                    return false;
+                }
+                total_found++;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        while (s < buffer.end() && *s != '\n') s++;
+        if (s < buffer.end()) s++;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+#else
+bool SysMemInfo::ReadMemInfo(const std::vector<std::string>& tags, const std::string& path) {
+    char buffer[4096];
+    int fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open file :" << path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const int len = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
+    close(fd);
+    if (len < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    buffer[len] = '\0';
+    char* p = buffer;
+    uint32_t found = 0;
+    while (*p && found < tags.size()) {
+        for (auto& tag : tags) {
+            if (strncmp(p, tag.c_str(), tag.size()) == 0) {
+                p += tag.size();
+                while (*p == ' ') p++;
+                char* endptr = nullptr;
+                mem_in_kb_[tag] = strtoull(p, &endptr, 10);
+                if (p == endptr) {
+                    PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to parse line in file: " << path;
+                    return false;
+                }
+                p = endptr;
+                found++;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        while (*p && *p != '\n') {
+            p++;
+        }
+        if (*p) p++;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace meminfo
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libmeminfo/tools/Android.bp b/libmeminfo/tools/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0870130
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/tools/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "procmem2",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: ["procmem.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libmeminfo",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libmeminfo/tools/procmem.cpp b/libmeminfo/tools/procmem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3571e41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/tools/procmem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <meminfo/procmeminfo.h>
+
+using ProcMemInfo = ::android::meminfo::ProcMemInfo;
+using MemUsage = ::android::meminfo::MemUsage;
+
+static void usage(const char* cmd) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "Usage: %s [-i] [ -w | -W ] [ -p | -m ] [ -h ] pid\n"
+            "    -i  Uses idle page tracking for working set statistics.\n"
+            "    -w  Displays statistics for the working set only.\n"
+            "    -W  Resets the working set of the process.\n"
+            "    -p  Sort by PSS.\n"
+            "    -u  Sort by USS.\n"
+            "    -m  Sort by mapping order (as read from /proc).\n"
+            "    -h  Hide maps with no RSS.\n",
+            cmd);
+}
+
+static void show_footer(uint32_t nelem, const std::string& padding) {
+    std::string elem(7, '-');
+
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < nelem; ++i) {
+        std::cout << std::setw(7) << elem << padding;
+    }
+    std::cout << std::endl;
+}
+
+static void show_header(const std::vector<std::string>& header, const std::string& padding) {
+    if (header.empty()) return;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < header.size() - 1; ++i) {
+        std::cout << std::setw(7) << header[i] << padding;
+    }
+    std::cout << header.back() << std::endl;
+    show_footer(header.size() - 1, padding);
+}
+
+static void scan_usage(std::stringstream& ss, const MemUsage& usage, const std::string& padding,
+                       bool show_wss) {
+    // clear string stream first.
+    ss.str("");
+    // TODO: use ::android::base::StringPrintf instead of <iomanip> here.
+    if (!show_wss)
+        ss << std::setw(6) << usage.vss/1024 << padding;
+    ss << std::setw(6) << usage.rss/1024 << padding << std::setw(6)
+       << usage.pss/1024 << padding << std::setw(6) << usage.uss/1024 << padding
+       << std::setw(6) << usage.shared_clean/1024 << padding << std::setw(6)
+       << usage.shared_dirty/1024 << padding << std::setw(6)
+       << usage.private_clean/1024 << padding << std::setw(6)
+       << usage.private_dirty/1024 << padding;
+}
+
+static int show(ProcMemInfo& proc, bool hide_zeroes, bool show_wss) {
+    const std::vector<std::string> main_header = {"Vss",  "Rss",  "Pss",  "Uss", "ShCl",
+                                                  "ShDi", "PrCl", "PrDi", "Name"};
+    const std::vector<std::string> wss_header = {"WRss",  "WPss",  "WUss",  "WShCl",
+                                                 "WShDi", "WPrCl", "WPrDi", "Name"};
+    const std::vector<std::string>& header = show_wss ? wss_header : main_header;
+
+    // Read process memory stats
+    const MemUsage& stats = show_wss ? proc.Wss() : proc.Usage();
+    const std::vector<::android::meminfo::Vma>& maps = proc.Maps();
+
+    // following retains 'procmem' output so as to not break any scripts
+    // that rely on it.
+    std::string spaces = "  ";
+    show_header(header, spaces);
+    const std::string padding = "K  ";
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    for (auto& vma : maps) {
+        const MemUsage& vma_stats = show_wss ? vma.wss : vma.usage;
+        if (hide_zeroes && vma_stats.rss == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        scan_usage(ss, vma_stats, padding, show_wss);
+        ss << vma.name << std::endl;
+        std::cout << ss.str();
+    }
+    show_footer(header.size() - 1, spaces);
+    scan_usage(ss, stats, padding, show_wss);
+    ss << "TOTAL" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << ss.str();
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    bool use_pageidle = false;
+    bool hide_zeroes = false;
+    bool wss_reset = false;
+    bool show_wss = false;
+    int opt;
+
+    while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "himpuWw")) != -1) {
+        switch (opt) {
+            case 'h':
+                hide_zeroes = true;
+                break;
+            case 'i':
+                use_pageidle = true;
+                break;
+            case 'm':
+                break;
+            case 'p':
+                break;
+            case 'u':
+                break;
+            case 'W':
+                wss_reset = true;
+                break;
+            case 'w':
+                show_wss = true;
+                break;
+            case '?':
+                usage(argv[0]);
+                return 0;
+            default:
+                abort();
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (optind != (argc - 1)) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Need exactly one pid at the end\n");
+        usage(argv[0]);
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    pid_t pid = atoi(argv[optind]);
+    if (pid == 0) {
+        std::cerr << "Invalid process id" << std::endl;
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    bool need_wss = wss_reset || show_wss;
+    ProcMemInfo proc(pid, need_wss);
+    if (wss_reset) {
+        if (!proc.WssReset()) {
+            std::cerr << "Failed to reset working set of pid : " << pid << std::endl;
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return show(proc, hide_zeroes, show_wss);
+}
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/Android.bp b/libmemunreachable/Android.bp
index 248a9d2..b78a4c4 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/Android.bp
+++ b/libmemunreachable/Android.bp
@@ -46,12 +46,6 @@
             static_libs: ["libunwind_llvm"],
         },
     },
-
-    // TODO(b/78118944), clang lld link flags do not work with special link
-    // rules for libunwind_llvm yet. Linked aosp_arm-eng image failed to
-    // boot up in the emulator.
-    use_clang_lld: false,
-
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     local_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.cpp b/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.cpp
index 2403ad0..89837f7 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.cpp
+++ b/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,13 @@
     end = begin + 1;
   }
   Range range{begin, end};
+  if (valid_mappings_range_.end != 0 &&
+      (begin < valid_mappings_range_.begin || end > valid_mappings_range_.end)) {
+    MEM_LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("allocation %p-%p is outside mapping range %p-%p",
+                         reinterpret_cast<void*>(begin), reinterpret_cast<void*>(end),
+                         reinterpret_cast<void*>(valid_mappings_range_.begin),
+                         reinterpret_cast<void*>(valid_mappings_range_.end));
+  }
   auto inserted = allocations_.insert(std::pair<Range, AllocationInfo>(range, AllocationInfo{}));
   if (inserted.second) {
     valid_allocations_range_.begin = std::min(valid_allocations_range_.begin, begin);
@@ -76,15 +83,22 @@
     Range range = to_do.back();
     to_do.pop_back();
 
+    walking_range_ = range;
     ForEachPtrInRange(range, [&](Range& ref_range, AllocationInfo* ref_info) {
       if (!ref_info->referenced_from_root) {
         ref_info->referenced_from_root = true;
         to_do.push_back(ref_range);
       }
     });
+    walking_range_ = Range{0, 0};
   }
 }
 
+void HeapWalker::Mapping(uintptr_t begin, uintptr_t end) {
+  valid_mappings_range_.begin = std::min(valid_mappings_range_.begin, begin);
+  valid_mappings_range_.end = std::max(valid_mappings_range_.end, end);
+}
+
 void HeapWalker::Root(uintptr_t begin, uintptr_t end) {
   roots_.push_back(Range{begin, end});
 }
@@ -113,6 +127,10 @@
 
   RecurseRoot(vals);
 
+  if (segv_page_count_ > 0) {
+    MEM_ALOGE("%zu pages skipped due to segfaults", segv_page_count_);
+  }
+
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -168,7 +186,15 @@
     handler.reset();
     return;
   }
-  MEM_ALOGW("failed to read page at %p, signal %d", si->si_addr, signal);
+  if (!segv_logged_) {
+    MEM_ALOGW("failed to read page at %p, signal %d", si->si_addr, signal);
+    if (walking_range_.begin != 0U) {
+      MEM_ALOGW("while walking range %p-%p", reinterpret_cast<void*>(walking_range_.begin),
+                reinterpret_cast<void*>(walking_range_.end));
+    }
+    segv_logged_ = true;
+  }
+  segv_page_count_++;
   if (!MapOverPage(si->si_addr)) {
     handler.reset();
   }
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.h b/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.h
index 92a8325..9e3db08 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.h
+++ b/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.h
@@ -53,9 +53,14 @@
         roots_(allocator),
         root_vals_(allocator),
         segv_handler_(),
-        walking_ptr_(0) {
+        walking_ptr_(0),
+        walking_range_{0, 0},
+        segv_logged_(false),
+        segv_page_count_(0) {
     valid_allocations_range_.end = 0;
     valid_allocations_range_.begin = ~valid_allocations_range_.end;
+    valid_mappings_range_.end = 0;
+    valid_mappings_range_.begin = ~valid_allocations_range_.end;
 
     segv_handler_.install(
         SIGSEGV, [=](ScopedSignalHandler& handler, int signal, siginfo_t* siginfo, void* uctx) {
@@ -65,6 +70,7 @@
 
   ~HeapWalker() {}
   bool Allocation(uintptr_t begin, uintptr_t end);
+  void Mapping(uintptr_t begin, uintptr_t end);
   void Root(uintptr_t begin, uintptr_t end);
   void Root(const allocator::vector<uintptr_t>& vals);
 
@@ -95,12 +101,16 @@
   AllocationMap allocations_;
   size_t allocation_bytes_;
   Range valid_allocations_range_;
+  Range valid_mappings_range_;
 
   allocator::vector<Range> roots_;
   allocator::vector<uintptr_t> root_vals_;
 
   ScopedSignalHandler segv_handler_;
-  uintptr_t walking_ptr_;
+  volatile uintptr_t walking_ptr_;
+  Range walking_range_;
+  bool segv_logged_;
+  size_t segv_page_count_;
 };
 
 template <class F>
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/MemUnreachable.cpp b/libmemunreachable/MemUnreachable.cpp
index b160de9..3d7b8a8 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/MemUnreachable.cpp
+++ b/libmemunreachable/MemUnreachable.cpp
@@ -87,6 +87,11 @@
                                         const allocator::vector<Mapping>& mappings,
                                         const allocator::vector<uintptr_t>& refs) {
   MEM_ALOGI("searching process %d for allocations", pid_);
+
+  for (auto it = mappings.begin(); it != mappings.end(); it++) {
+    heap_walker_.Mapping(it->begin, it->end);
+  }
+
   allocator::vector<Mapping> heap_mappings{mappings};
   allocator::vector<Mapping> anon_mappings{mappings};
   allocator::vector<Mapping> globals_mappings{mappings};
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/tests/HeapWalker_test.cpp b/libmemunreachable/tests/HeapWalker_test.cpp
index 84a0ec6..9610cd6 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/tests/HeapWalker_test.cpp
+++ b/libmemunreachable/tests/HeapWalker_test.cpp
@@ -73,6 +73,24 @@
   ASSERT_FALSE(heap_walker.Allocation(2, 3));
 }
 
+TEST_F(HeapWalkerTest, mapping) {
+  HeapWalker heap_walker(heap_);
+  heap_walker.Mapping(2, 3);
+  heap_walker.Mapping(4, 5);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(heap_walker.Allocation(2, 3));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(heap_walker.Allocation(4, 5));
+  // space between mappings is not checked, but could be in the future
+  ASSERT_TRUE(heap_walker.Allocation(3, 4));
+
+  // re-enable malloc, ASSERT_DEATH may allocate
+  disable_malloc_.Enable();
+  ASSERT_DEATH({ heap_walker.Allocation(1, 2); }, "0x1-0x2.*outside.*0x2-0x5");
+  ASSERT_DEATH({ heap_walker.Allocation(1, 3); }, "0x1-0x3.*outside.*0x2-0x5");
+  ASSERT_DEATH({ heap_walker.Allocation(4, 6); }, "0x4-0x6.*outside.*0x2-0x5");
+  ASSERT_DEATH({ heap_walker.Allocation(5, 6); }, "0x5-0x6.*outside.*0x2-0x5");
+  ASSERT_DEATH({ heap_walker.Allocation(1, 6); }, "0x1-0x6.*outside.*0x2-0x5");
+}
+
 #define buffer_begin(buffer) reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(buffer)
 #define buffer_end(buffer) (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(buffer) + sizeof(buffer))
 
diff --git a/libmetricslogger/Android.bp b/libmetricslogger/Android.bp
index 2d327ee..7d7554b 100644
--- a/libmetricslogger/Android.bp
+++ b/libmetricslogger/Android.bp
@@ -34,15 +34,6 @@
     export_shared_lib_headers: ["libstatssocket"],
 }
 
-// static version of libmetricslogger, needed by a few art static binaries
-// TODO(b/117829226): Remove once dependencies are cleaned up.
-cc_library_static {
-    name: "libmetricslogger_static",
-    srcs: metricslogger_lib_src_files,
-    defaults: ["metricslogger_defaults"],
-    export_shared_lib_headers: ["libstatssocket"],
-}
-
 // metricslogger shared library, debug
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 cc_library_shared {
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76d9444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "pixelflinger_defaults",
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-fstrict-aliasing",
+        "-fomit-frame-pointer",
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-function",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    header_libs: ["libbase_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+
+    arch: {
+        arm: {
+            neon: {
+                cflags: ["-D__ARM_HAVE_NEON"],
+            },
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libpixelflinger-arm",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger_defaults"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "fixed.cpp",
+        "picker.cpp",
+        "pixelflinger.cpp",
+        "trap.cpp",
+        "scanline.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    arch: {
+        arm: {
+            instruction_set: "arm",
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+// For the tests to use
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "libpixelflinger_internal",
+    export_include_dirs: [
+        "include",
+        ".",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libpixelflinger",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger_defaults"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "codeflinger/ARMAssemblerInterface.cpp",
+        "codeflinger/ARMAssemblerProxy.cpp",
+        "codeflinger/CodeCache.cpp",
+        "codeflinger/GGLAssembler.cpp",
+        "codeflinger/load_store.cpp",
+        "codeflinger/blending.cpp",
+        "codeflinger/texturing.cpp",
+        "format.cpp",
+        "clear.cpp",
+        "raster.cpp",
+        "buffer.cpp",
+    ],
+    whole_static_libs: ["libpixelflinger-arm"],
+
+    arch: {
+        arm: {
+            srcs: [
+                "codeflinger/ARMAssembler.cpp",
+                "codeflinger/disassem.c",
+                "col32cb16blend.S",
+                "t32cb16blend.S",
+            ],
+
+            neon: {
+                srcs: ["col32cb16blend_neon.S"],
+            },
+        },
+        arm64: {
+            srcs: [
+                "codeflinger/Arm64Assembler.cpp",
+                "codeflinger/Arm64Disassembler.cpp",
+                "arch-arm64/col32cb16blend.S",
+                "arch-arm64/t32cb16blend.S",
+            ],
+        },
+        mips: {
+            mips32r6: {
+                srcs: [
+                    "codeflinger/MIPSAssembler.cpp",
+                    "codeflinger/mips_disassem.c",
+                    "arch-mips/t32cb16blend.S",
+                ],
+            },
+        },
+        mips64: {
+            srcs: [
+                "codeflinger/MIPSAssembler.cpp",
+                "codeflinger/MIPS64Assembler.cpp",
+                "codeflinger/mips64_disassem.c",
+                "arch-mips64/col32cb16blend.S",
+                "arch-mips64/t32cb16blend.S",
+            ],
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 8c80f6a..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-#
-# C/C++ and ARMv5 objects
-#
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES:= \
-	codeflinger/ARMAssemblerInterface.cpp \
-	codeflinger/ARMAssemblerProxy.cpp \
-	codeflinger/CodeCache.cpp \
-	codeflinger/GGLAssembler.cpp \
-	codeflinger/load_store.cpp \
-	codeflinger/blending.cpp \
-	codeflinger/texturing.cpp \
-	fixed.cpp.arm \
-	picker.cpp.arm \
-	pixelflinger.cpp.arm \
-	trap.cpp.arm \
-	scanline.cpp.arm \
-	format.cpp \
-	clear.cpp \
-	raster.cpp \
-	buffer.cpp
-
-PIXELFLINGER_CFLAGS := -fstrict-aliasing -fomit-frame-pointer
-PIXELFLINGER_CFLAGS += -Wall -Werror
-PIXELFLINGER_CFLAGS += -Wno-unused-function
-
-PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_arm := \
-	codeflinger/ARMAssembler.cpp \
-	codeflinger/disassem.c \
-	col32cb16blend.S \
-	t32cb16blend.S \
-
-ifeq ($(ARCH_ARM_HAVE_NEON),true)
-PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_arm += col32cb16blend_neon.S
-PIXELFLINGER_CFLAGS_arm += -D__ARM_HAVE_NEON
-endif
-
-PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_arm64 := \
-	codeflinger/Arm64Assembler.cpp \
-	codeflinger/Arm64Disassembler.cpp \
-	arch-arm64/col32cb16blend.S \
-	arch-arm64/t32cb16blend.S \
-
-ifndef ARCH_MIPS_REV6
-PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_mips := \
-	codeflinger/MIPSAssembler.cpp \
-	codeflinger/mips_disassem.c \
-	arch-mips/t32cb16blend.S \
-
-endif
-
-PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_mips64 := \
-        codeflinger/MIPSAssembler.cpp \
-	codeflinger/MIPS64Assembler.cpp \
-	codeflinger/mips64_disassem.c \
-	arch-mips64/col32cb16blend.S \
-	arch-mips64/t32cb16blend.S \
-
-#
-# Shared library
-#
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= libpixelflinger
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES_arm := $(PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_arm)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES_arm64 := $(PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_arm64)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES_mips := $(PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_mips)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES_mips64 := $(PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_mips64)
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := $(PIXELFLINGER_CFLAGS)
-LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDE_DIRS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += $(LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDE_DIRS)
-LOCAL_HEADER_LIBRARIES := libbase_headers
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libcutils liblog libutils
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
-include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..820a84d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "pixelflinger-tests",
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+
+    header_libs: ["libpixelflinger_internal"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libpixelflinger",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 6571161..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-include $(all-subdir-makefiles)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f5586a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "pixelflinger-tests-arm64",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests"],
+
+    enabled: false,
+    arch: {
+        arm64: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index ca58b4b..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),arm64)
-include $(all-subdir-makefiles)
-endif
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/assembler/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/assembler/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..003f485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/assembler/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-arm64-assembler-test",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-arm64"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "arm64_assembler_test.cpp",
+        "asm_test_jacket.S",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/assembler/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/assembler/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index db5dc4d..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/assembler/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    arm64_assembler_test.cpp\
-    asm_test_jacket.S
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
-    libcutils \
-    libpixelflinger
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := \
-    $(LOCAL_PATH)/../../..
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-arm64-assembler-test
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 64
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/col32cb16blend/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/col32cb16blend/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e640aeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/col32cb16blend/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-arm64-col32cb16blend",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-arm64"],
+
+    srcs: ["col32cb16blend_test.c"],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/col32cb16blend/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/col32cb16blend/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 3096232..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/col32cb16blend/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    col32cb16blend_test.c \
-    ../../../arch-arm64/col32cb16blend.S
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES :=
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-arm64-col32cb16blend
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 64
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/disassembler/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/disassembler/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38dc99a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/disassembler/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-arm64-disassembler-test",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-arm64"],
+
+    srcs: ["arm64_diassembler_test.cpp"],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/disassembler/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/disassembler/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 78f12af..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/disassembler/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    arm64_diassembler_test.cpp \
-    ../../../codeflinger/Arm64Disassembler.cpp
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-arm64-disassembler-test
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 64
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/t32cb16blend/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/t32cb16blend/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d060d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/t32cb16blend/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-arm64-t32cb16blend",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-arm64"],
+
+    srcs: ["t32cb16blend_test.c"],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/t32cb16blend/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/t32cb16blend/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 664347f..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/t32cb16blend/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    t32cb16blend_test.c \
-    ../../../arch-arm64/t32cb16blend.S
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES :=
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-arm64-t32cb16blend
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 64
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ca2721
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "pixelflinger-tests-mips",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests"],
+
+    enabled: false,
+    arch: {
+        mips: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index fe6979e..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),mips)
-include $(all-subdir-makefiles)
-endif
-ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),mipsel)
-include $(all-subdir-makefiles)
-endif
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/col32cb16blend/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/col32cb16blend/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45bfe29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/col32cb16blend/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-mips-col32cb16blend",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-mips"],
+
+    srcs: ["col32cb16blend_test.c"],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/col32cb16blend/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/col32cb16blend/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 40f197f..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/col32cb16blend/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    col32cb16blend_test.c \
-    ../../../arch-mips/col32cb16blend.S
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES :=
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-mips-col32cb16blend
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 32
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/t32cb16blend/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/t32cb16blend/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..069e97c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/t32cb16blend/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-mips-t32cb16blend",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-mips"],
+
+    srcs: ["t32cb16blend_test.c"],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/t32cb16blend/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/t32cb16blend/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index d0c0ae4..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/t32cb16blend/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    t32cb16blend_test.c \
-    ../../../arch-mips/t32cb16blend.S
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES :=
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-mips-t32cb16blend
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 32
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba55d62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "pixelflinger-tests-mips64",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests"],
+
+    enabled: false,
+    arch: {
+        mips64: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b1c64e..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),mips64)
-include $(all-subdir-makefiles)
-endif
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/assembler/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/assembler/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b672053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/assembler/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-mips64-assembler-test",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-mips64"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "mips64_assembler_test.cpp",
+        "asm_mips_test_jacket.S",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/assembler/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/assembler/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 4699961..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/assembler/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    mips64_assembler_test.cpp\
-    asm_mips_test_jacket.S
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
-    libcutils \
-    libpixelflinger
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := \
-    $(LOCAL_PATH)/../../..
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-mips64-assembler-test
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 64
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/col32cb16blend/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/col32cb16blend/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfc6ae9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/col32cb16blend/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-mips64-col32cb16blend",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-mips64"],
+
+    srcs: ["col32cb16blend_test.c"],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/col32cb16blend/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/col32cb16blend/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d4177e..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/col32cb16blend/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    col32cb16blend_test.c \
-    ../../../arch-mips64/col32cb16blend.S
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES :=
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-mips64-col32cb16blend
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 64
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/disassembler/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/disassembler/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96bf9e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/disassembler/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-mips64-disassembler-test",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-mips64"],
+
+    srcs: ["mips64_disassembler_test.cpp"],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/disassembler/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/disassembler/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 4e72b57..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/disassembler/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    mips64_disassembler_test.cpp \
-    ../../../codeflinger/mips64_disassem.c
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-mips64-disassembler-test
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 64
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/codegen/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/codegen/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e4bcfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/codegen/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-opengl-codegen",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests"],
+
+    srcs: ["codegen.cpp"],
+
+    arch: {
+        arm: {
+            instruction_set: "arm",
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/codegen/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/codegen/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 72d71ef..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/codegen/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-	codegen.cpp.arm
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
-	libcutils \
-    libpixelflinger
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := \
-	$(LOCAL_PATH)/../..
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-opengl-codegen
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS:= -Wall -Werror
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/gglmul/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/gglmul/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..288337b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/gglmul/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-gglmul",
+
+    srcs: ["gglmul_test.cpp"],
+
+    header_libs: ["libpixelflinger_internal"],
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/gglmul/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/gglmul/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 67f358f..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/gglmul/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-	gglmul_test.cpp
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := \
-	$(LOCAL_PATH)/../../include
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-gglmul
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS:= -Wall -Werror
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/processgroup.h b/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/processgroup.h
index 9fa4154..2412f3c 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/processgroup.h
+++ b/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/processgroup.h
@@ -31,8 +31,10 @@
 // that it only returns 0 in the case that the cgroup exists and it contains no processes.
 int killProcessGroupOnce(uid_t uid, int initialPid, int signal);
 
-int createProcessGroup(uid_t uid, int initialPid);
+int createProcessGroup(uid_t uid, int initialPid, bool memControl = false);
 
+// Set various properties of a process group. For these functions to work, the process group must
+// have been created by passing memControl=true to createProcessGroup.
 bool setProcessGroupSwappiness(uid_t uid, int initialPid, int swappiness);
 bool setProcessGroupSoftLimit(uid_t uid, int initialPid, int64_t softLimitInBytes);
 bool setProcessGroupLimit(uid_t uid, int initialPid, int64_t limitInBytes);
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp b/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
index 0a42053..9df8dd9 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
+++ b/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
@@ -53,49 +53,31 @@
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
-#define MEM_CGROUP_PATH "/dev/memcg/apps"
-#define MEM_CGROUP_TASKS "/dev/memcg/apps/tasks"
-#define ACCT_CGROUP_PATH "/acct"
+static const char kCpuacctCgroup[] = "/acct";
+static const char kMemoryCgroup[] = "/dev/memcg/apps";
 
 #define PROCESSGROUP_CGROUP_PROCS_FILE "/cgroup.procs"
 
-std::once_flag init_path_flag;
-
-static const std::string& GetCgroupRootPath() {
-    static std::string cgroup_root_path;
-    std::call_once(init_path_flag, [&]() {
-        // low-ram devices use per-app memcg by default, unlike high-end ones
-        bool low_ram_device = GetBoolProperty("ro.config.low_ram", false);
-        bool per_app_memcg =
-            GetBoolProperty("ro.config.per_app_memcg", low_ram_device);
-        if (per_app_memcg) {
-            // Check if mem cgroup is mounted, only then check for
-            // write-access to avoid SELinux denials
-            cgroup_root_path =
-                (access(MEM_CGROUP_TASKS, F_OK) || access(MEM_CGROUP_PATH, W_OK) ?
-                ACCT_CGROUP_PATH : MEM_CGROUP_PATH);
-        } else {
-            cgroup_root_path = ACCT_CGROUP_PATH;
-        }
-    });
-    return cgroup_root_path;
+static bool isMemoryCgroupSupported() {
+    static bool memcg_supported = !access("/dev/memcg/memory.limit_in_bytes", F_OK);
+    return memcg_supported;
 }
 
-static std::string ConvertUidToPath(uid_t uid) {
-    return StringPrintf("%s/uid_%d", GetCgroupRootPath().c_str(), uid);
+static std::string ConvertUidToPath(const char* cgroup, uid_t uid) {
+    return StringPrintf("%s/uid_%d", cgroup, uid);
 }
 
-static std::string ConvertUidPidToPath(uid_t uid, int pid) {
-    return StringPrintf("%s/uid_%d/pid_%d", GetCgroupRootPath().c_str(), uid, pid);
+static std::string ConvertUidPidToPath(const char* cgroup, uid_t uid, int pid) {
+    return StringPrintf("%s/uid_%d/pid_%d", cgroup, uid, pid);
 }
 
-static int RemoveProcessGroup(uid_t uid, int pid) {
+static int RemoveProcessGroup(const char* cgroup, uid_t uid, int pid) {
     int ret;
 
-    auto uid_pid_path = ConvertUidPidToPath(uid, pid);
+    auto uid_pid_path = ConvertUidPidToPath(cgroup, uid, pid);
     ret = rmdir(uid_pid_path.c_str());
 
-    auto uid_path = ConvertUidToPath(uid);
+    auto uid_path = ConvertUidToPath(cgroup, uid);
     rmdir(uid_path.c_str());
 
     return ret;
@@ -124,25 +106,26 @@
 void removeAllProcessGroups()
 {
     LOG(VERBOSE) << "removeAllProcessGroups()";
-    const auto& cgroup_root_path = GetCgroupRootPath();
-    std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> root(opendir(cgroup_root_path.c_str()), closedir);
-    if (root == NULL) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open " << cgroup_root_path;
-    } else {
-        dirent* dir;
-        while ((dir = readdir(root.get())) != nullptr) {
-            if (dir->d_type != DT_DIR) {
-                continue;
-            }
+    for (const char* cgroup_root_path : {kCpuacctCgroup, kMemoryCgroup}) {
+        std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> root(opendir(cgroup_root_path), closedir);
+        if (root == NULL) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open " << cgroup_root_path;
+        } else {
+            dirent* dir;
+            while ((dir = readdir(root.get())) != nullptr) {
+                if (dir->d_type != DT_DIR) {
+                    continue;
+                }
 
-            if (!StartsWith(dir->d_name, "uid_")) {
-                continue;
-            }
+                if (!StartsWith(dir->d_name, "uid_")) {
+                    continue;
+                }
 
-            auto path = StringPrintf("%s/%s", cgroup_root_path.c_str(), dir->d_name);
-            RemoveUidProcessGroups(path);
-            LOG(VERBOSE) << "Removing " << path;
-            if (rmdir(path.c_str()) == -1) PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to remove " << path;
+                auto path = StringPrintf("%s/%s", cgroup_root_path, dir->d_name);
+                RemoveUidProcessGroups(path);
+                LOG(VERBOSE) << "Removing " << path;
+                if (rmdir(path.c_str()) == -1) PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to remove " << path;
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -150,8 +133,8 @@
 // Returns number of processes killed on success
 // Returns 0 if there are no processes in the process cgroup left to kill
 // Returns -1 on error
-static int DoKillProcessGroupOnce(uid_t uid, int initialPid, int signal) {
-    auto path = ConvertUidPidToPath(uid, initialPid) + PROCESSGROUP_CGROUP_PROCS_FILE;
+static int DoKillProcessGroupOnce(const char* cgroup, uid_t uid, int initialPid, int signal) {
+    auto path = ConvertUidPidToPath(cgroup, uid, initialPid) + PROCESSGROUP_CGROUP_PROCS_FILE;
     std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)> fd(fopen(path.c_str(), "re"), fclose);
     if (!fd) {
         PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to open process cgroup uid " << uid << " pid " << initialPid;
@@ -217,11 +200,16 @@
 }
 
 static int KillProcessGroup(uid_t uid, int initialPid, int signal, int retries) {
+    const char* cgroup =
+            (!access(ConvertUidPidToPath(kCpuacctCgroup, uid, initialPid).c_str(), F_OK))
+                    ? kCpuacctCgroup
+                    : kMemoryCgroup;
+
     std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
     int retry = retries;
     int processes;
-    while ((processes = DoKillProcessGroupOnce(uid, initialPid, signal)) > 0) {
+    while ((processes = DoKillProcessGroupOnce(cgroup, uid, initialPid, signal)) > 0) {
         LOG(VERBOSE) << "Killed " << processes << " processes for processgroup " << initialPid;
         if (retry > 0) {
             std::this_thread::sleep_for(5ms);
@@ -251,7 +239,7 @@
             LOG(INFO) << "Successfully killed process cgroup uid " << uid << " pid " << initialPid
                       << " in " << static_cast<int>(ms) << "ms";
         }
-        return RemoveProcessGroup(uid, initialPid);
+        return RemoveProcessGroup(cgroup, uid, initialPid);
     } else {
         if (retries > 0) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to kill process cgroup uid " << uid << " pid " << initialPid
@@ -285,16 +273,29 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-int createProcessGroup(uid_t uid, int initialPid)
+static bool isPerAppMemcgEnabled() {
+    static bool per_app_memcg =
+            GetBoolProperty("ro.config.per_app_memcg", GetBoolProperty("ro.config.low_ram", false));
+    return per_app_memcg;
+}
+
+int createProcessGroup(uid_t uid, int initialPid, bool memControl)
 {
-    auto uid_path = ConvertUidToPath(uid);
+    const char* cgroup;
+    if (isMemoryCgroupSupported() && (memControl || isPerAppMemcgEnabled())) {
+        cgroup = kMemoryCgroup;
+    } else {
+        cgroup = kCpuacctCgroup;
+    }
+
+    auto uid_path = ConvertUidToPath(cgroup, uid);
 
     if (!MkdirAndChown(uid_path, 0750, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to make and chown " << uid_path;
         return -errno;
     }
 
-    auto uid_pid_path = ConvertUidPidToPath(uid, initialPid);
+    auto uid_pid_path = ConvertUidPidToPath(cgroup, uid, initialPid);
 
     if (!MkdirAndChown(uid_pid_path, 0750, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to make and chown " << uid_pid_path;
@@ -313,12 +314,12 @@
 }
 
 static bool SetProcessGroupValue(uid_t uid, int pid, const std::string& file_name, int64_t value) {
-    if (GetCgroupRootPath() != MEM_CGROUP_PATH) {
+    if (!isMemoryCgroupSupported()) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Memcg is not mounted.";
         return false;
     }
 
-    auto path = ConvertUidPidToPath(uid, pid) + file_name;
+    auto path = ConvertUidPidToPath(kMemoryCgroup, uid, pid) + file_name;
 
     if (!WriteStringToFile(std::to_string(value), path)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write '" << value << "' to " << path;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Android.bp b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
index 14f82c7..a5e0dc9 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Android.bp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
@@ -184,6 +184,7 @@
         "tests/MapInfoGetLoadBiasTest.cpp",
         "tests/MapsTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryBufferTest.cpp",
+        "tests/MemoryCacheTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryFake.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryFileTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryLocalTest.cpp",
@@ -310,6 +311,28 @@
     ],
 }
 
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Benchmarks
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+cc_benchmark {
+    name: "unwind_benchmarks",
+    host_supported: true,
+    defaults: ["libunwindstack_flags"],
+
+    // Disable optimizations so that all of the calls are not optimized away.
+    cflags: [
+        "-O0",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "benchmarks/unwind_benchmarks.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libunwindstack",
+    ],
+}
+
 // Generates the elf data for use in the tests for .gnu_debugdata frames.
 // Once these files are generated, use the xz command to compress the data.
 cc_binary_host {
diff --git a/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp b/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
index fe32b5e..e3b48ca 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
@@ -96,11 +96,6 @@
     }
   }
 
-  // If the map isn't readable, don't bother trying to read from process memory.
-  if (!(flags & PROT_READ)) {
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
   // Need to verify that this elf is valid. It's possible that
   // only part of the elf file to be mapped into memory is in the executable
   // map. In this case, there will be another read-only map that includes the
@@ -132,18 +127,19 @@
     }
   }
 
-  if (ro_map_info != nullptr) {
-    // Make sure that relative pc values are corrected properly.
-    elf_offset = offset - closest_offset;
-
-    MemoryRanges* ranges = new MemoryRanges;
-    ranges->Insert(new MemoryRange(process_memory, ro_map_info->start,
-                                   ro_map_info->end - ro_map_info->start, 0));
-    ranges->Insert(new MemoryRange(process_memory, start, end - start, elf_offset));
-
-    return ranges;
+  if (ro_map_info == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
   }
-  return nullptr;
+
+  // Make sure that relative pc values are corrected properly.
+  elf_offset = offset - closest_offset;
+
+  MemoryRanges* ranges = new MemoryRanges;
+  ranges->Insert(new MemoryRange(process_memory, ro_map_info->start,
+                                 ro_map_info->end - ro_map_info->start, 0));
+  ranges->Insert(new MemoryRange(process_memory, start, end - start, elf_offset));
+
+  return ranges;
 }
 
 Elf* MapInfo::GetElf(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory, ArchEnum expected_arch) {
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp b/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
index cfa8c6d..a30d65e 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
@@ -174,6 +174,13 @@
   return std::shared_ptr<Memory>(new MemoryRemote(pid));
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<Memory> Memory::CreateProcessMemoryCached(pid_t pid) {
+  if (pid == getpid()) {
+    return std::shared_ptr<Memory>(new MemoryCache(new MemoryLocal()));
+  }
+  return std::shared_ptr<Memory>(new MemoryCache(new MemoryRemote(pid)));
+}
+
 size_t MemoryBuffer::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) {
   if (addr >= raw_.size()) {
     return 0;
@@ -398,4 +405,50 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
+size_t MemoryCache::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) {
+  // Only bother caching and looking at the cache if this is a small read for now.
+  if (size > 64) {
+    return impl_->Read(addr, dst, size);
+  }
+
+  uint64_t addr_page = addr >> kCacheBits;
+  auto entry = cache_.find(addr_page);
+  uint8_t* cache_dst;
+  if (entry != cache_.end()) {
+    cache_dst = entry->second;
+  } else {
+    cache_dst = cache_[addr_page];
+    if (!impl_->ReadFully(addr_page << kCacheBits, cache_dst, kCacheSize)) {
+      // Erase the entry.
+      cache_.erase(addr_page);
+      return impl_->Read(addr, dst, size);
+    }
+  }
+  size_t max_read = ((addr_page + 1) << kCacheBits) - addr;
+  if (size <= max_read) {
+    memcpy(dst, &cache_dst[addr & kCacheMask], size);
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  // The read crossed into another cached entry, since a read can only cross
+  // into one extra cached page, duplicate the code rather than looping.
+  memcpy(dst, &cache_dst[addr & kCacheMask], max_read);
+  dst = &reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(dst)[max_read];
+  addr_page++;
+
+  entry = cache_.find(addr_page);
+  if (entry != cache_.end()) {
+    cache_dst = entry->second;
+  } else {
+    cache_dst = cache_[addr_page];
+    if (!impl_->ReadFully(addr_page << kCacheBits, cache_dst, kCacheSize)) {
+      // Erase the entry.
+      cache_.erase(addr_page);
+      return impl_->Read(addr_page << kCacheBits, dst, size - max_read) + max_read;
+    }
+  }
+  memcpy(dst, cache_dst, size - max_read);
+  return size;
+}
+
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/benchmarks/unwind_benchmarks.cpp b/libunwindstack/benchmarks/unwind_benchmarks.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db0fb54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/benchmarks/unwind_benchmarks.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
+#include <unwindstack/RegsGetLocal.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Unwinder.h>
+
+size_t Call6(std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>& process_memory, unwindstack::Maps* maps) {
+  std::unique_ptr<unwindstack::Regs> regs(unwindstack::Regs::CreateFromLocal());
+  unwindstack::RegsGetLocal(regs.get());
+  unwindstack::Unwinder unwinder(32, maps, regs.get(), process_memory);
+  unwinder.Unwind();
+  return unwinder.NumFrames();
+}
+
+size_t Call5(std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>& process_memory, unwindstack::Maps* maps) {
+  return Call6(process_memory, maps);
+}
+
+size_t Call4(std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>& process_memory, unwindstack::Maps* maps) {
+  return Call5(process_memory, maps);
+}
+
+size_t Call3(std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>& process_memory, unwindstack::Maps* maps) {
+  return Call4(process_memory, maps);
+}
+
+size_t Call2(std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>& process_memory, unwindstack::Maps* maps) {
+  return Call3(process_memory, maps);
+}
+
+size_t Call1(std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>& process_memory, unwindstack::Maps* maps) {
+  return Call2(process_memory, maps);
+}
+
+static void BM_uncached_unwind(benchmark::State& state) {
+  auto process_memory = unwindstack::Memory::CreateProcessMemory(getpid());
+  unwindstack::LocalMaps maps;
+  if (!maps.Parse()) {
+    state.SkipWithError("Failed to parse local maps.");
+  }
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(Call1(process_memory, &maps));
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_uncached_unwind);
+
+static void BM_cached_unwind(benchmark::State& state) {
+  auto process_memory = unwindstack::Memory::CreateProcessMemoryCached(getpid());
+  unwindstack::LocalMaps maps;
+  if (!maps.Parse()) {
+    state.SkipWithError("Failed to parse local maps.");
+  }
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(Call1(process_memory, &maps));
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_cached_unwind);
+
+BENCHMARK_MAIN();
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Memory.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Memory.h
index 9c425cb..dba41d1 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Memory.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Memory.h
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace unwindstack {
@@ -35,9 +36,12 @@
   virtual ~Memory() = default;
 
   static std::shared_ptr<Memory> CreateProcessMemory(pid_t pid);
+  static std::shared_ptr<Memory> CreateProcessMemoryCached(pid_t pid);
 
   virtual bool ReadString(uint64_t addr, std::string* string, uint64_t max_read = UINT64_MAX);
 
+  virtual void Clear() {}
+
   virtual size_t Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) = 0;
 
   bool ReadFully(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size);
@@ -51,6 +55,24 @@
   }
 };
 
+class MemoryCache : public Memory {
+ public:
+  MemoryCache(Memory* memory) : impl_(memory) {}
+  virtual ~MemoryCache() = default;
+
+  size_t Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) override;
+
+  void Clear() override { cache_.clear(); }
+
+ private:
+  constexpr static size_t kCacheBits = 12;
+  constexpr static size_t kCacheMask = (1 << kCacheBits) - 1;
+  constexpr static size_t kCacheSize = 1 << kCacheBits;
+  std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint8_t[kCacheSize]> cache_;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> impl_;
+};
+
 class MemoryBuffer : public Memory {
  public:
   MemoryBuffer() = default;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DexFileTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DexFileTest.cpp
index 40f9f8e..95d2176 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DexFileTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DexFileTest.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <unordered_map>
 
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 
 #include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
 #include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfCacheTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfCacheTest.cpp
index d9acdec..07fd6f6 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfCacheTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfCacheTest.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp
index 2a73c7e..0987bc1 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp
index 4d74696..99f8fa3 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
@@ -291,27 +290,6 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory()->ReadFully(0x1000, buffer.data(), 1));
 }
 
-TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, process_memory_not_read_only) {
-  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x9000, 0xa000, 0x1000, 0, "");
-
-  // Create valid elf data in process memory only.
-  Elf64_Ehdr ehdr;
-  TestInitEhdr<Elf64_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64);
-  ehdr.e_shoff = 0x2000;
-  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf64_Shdr) + 100;
-  ehdr.e_shnum = 0;
-  memory_->SetMemory(0x9000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
-
-  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_ARM64);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
-  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
-
-  info.elf.reset();
-  info.flags = PROT_READ;
-  elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_ARM64);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
-}
-
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, check_device_maps) {
   MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x7000, 0x8000, 0x1000, PROT_READ | MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP,
                "/dev/something");
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp
index 6bdd0b2..80e292a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryCacheTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryCacheTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3def20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryCacheTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+#include "MemoryFake.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+class MemoryCacheTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    memory_ = new MemoryFake;
+    memory_cache_.reset(new MemoryCache(memory_));
+
+    memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x8000, 4096, 0xab);
+    memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x9000, 4096, 0xde);
+    memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0xa000, 3000, 0x50);
+  }
+
+  MemoryFake* memory_;
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryCache> memory_cache_;
+
+  constexpr static size_t kMaxCachedSize = 64;
+};
+
+TEST_F(MemoryCacheTest, cached_read) {
+  for (size_t i = 1; i <= kMaxCachedSize; i++) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(i);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x8000 + i, buffer.data(), i))
+        << "Read failed at size " << i;
+    ASSERT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(i, 0xab), buffer) << "Failed at size " << i;
+  }
+
+  // Verify the cached data is used.
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x8000, 4096, 0xff);
+  for (size_t i = 1; i <= kMaxCachedSize; i++) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(i);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x8000 + i, buffer.data(), i))
+        << "Read failed at size " << i;
+    ASSERT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(i, 0xab), buffer) << "Failed at size " << i;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryCacheTest, no_cached_read_after_clear) {
+  for (size_t i = 1; i <= kMaxCachedSize; i++) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(i);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x8000 + i, buffer.data(), i))
+        << "Read failed at size " << i;
+    ASSERT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(i, 0xab), buffer) << "Failed at size " << i;
+  }
+
+  // Verify the cached data is not used after a reset.
+  memory_cache_->Clear();
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x8000, 4096, 0xff);
+  for (size_t i = 1; i <= kMaxCachedSize; i++) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(i);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x8000 + i, buffer.data(), i))
+        << "Read failed at size " << i;
+    ASSERT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(i, 0xff), buffer) << "Failed at size " << i;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryCacheTest, cached_read_across_caches) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> expect(16, 0xab);
+  expect.resize(32, 0xde);
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(32);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x8ff0, buffer.data(), 32));
+  ASSERT_EQ(expect, buffer);
+
+  // Verify the cached data is used.
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x8000, 4096, 0xff);
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x9000, 4096, 0xff);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x8ff0, buffer.data(), 32));
+  ASSERT_EQ(expect, buffer);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryCacheTest, no_cache_read) {
+  for (size_t i = kMaxCachedSize + 1; i < 2 * kMaxCachedSize; i++) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(i);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x8000 + i, buffer.data(), i))
+        << "Read failed at size " << i;
+    ASSERT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(i, 0xab), buffer) << "Failed at size " << i;
+  }
+
+  // Verify the cached data is not used.
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x8000, 4096, 0xff);
+  for (size_t i = kMaxCachedSize + 1; i < 2 * kMaxCachedSize; i++) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(i);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x8000 + i, buffer.data(), i))
+        << "Read failed at size " << i;
+    ASSERT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(i, 0xff), buffer) << "Failed at size " << i;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryCacheTest, read_for_cache_fail) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(kMaxCachedSize);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0xa010, buffer.data(), kMaxCachedSize));
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(kMaxCachedSize, 0x50), buffer);
+
+  // Verify the cached data is not used.
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0xa000, 3000, 0xff);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0xa010, buffer.data(), kMaxCachedSize));
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(kMaxCachedSize, 0xff), buffer);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryCacheTest, read_for_cache_fail_cross) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> expect(16, 0xde);
+  expect.resize(32, 0x50);
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(32);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x9ff0, buffer.data(), 32));
+  ASSERT_EQ(expect, buffer);
+
+  // Verify the cached data is not used for the second half but for the first.
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0xa000, 3000, 0xff);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x9ff0, buffer.data(), 32));
+  expect.resize(16);
+  expect.resize(32, 0xff);
+  ASSERT_EQ(expect, buffer);
+}
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryOfflineTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryOfflineTest.cpp
index 14d58e6..ab9aa9d 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryOfflineTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryOfflineTest.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
 
 namespace unwindstack {
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/Thread.h b/libutils/include/utils/Thread.h
index 3525138..fc67656 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/Thread.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/Thread.h
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
     virtual             ~Thread();
 
     // Start the thread in threadLoop() which needs to be implemented.
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-default-arguments)
     virtual status_t    run(    const char* name,
                                 int32_t priority = PRIORITY_DEFAULT,
                                 size_t stack = 0);
diff --git a/libziparchive/Android.bp b/libziparchive/Android.bp
index 2095189..9538bba 100644
--- a/libziparchive/Android.bp
+++ b/libziparchive/Android.bp
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@
             enabled: true,
         },
     },
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
 }
 
 // Performance benchmarks.
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_archive_test.cc b/libziparchive/zip_archive_test.cc
index 0ea7d5d..cea42d4 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_archive_test.cc
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_archive_test.cc
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/mapped_file.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <ziparchive/zip_archive.h>
@@ -298,7 +297,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tmp_file.fd, kEmptyEntriesZip, sizeof(kEmptyEntriesZip)));
 
   ZipArchiveHandle handle;
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "EmptyEntriesTest", &handle));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "EmptyEntriesTest", &handle, false));
 
   ZipEntry entry;
   ZipString empty_name;
@@ -323,7 +322,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tmp_file.fd, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(kAbZip),
                                         sizeof(kAbZip) - 1));
   ZipArchiveHandle handle;
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "EntryLargerThan32KTest", &handle));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "EntryLargerThan32KTest", &handle, false));
 
   ZipEntry entry;
   ZipString ab_name;
@@ -370,7 +369,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tmp_file.fd, trailer, sizeof(trailer)));
 
   ZipArchiveHandle handle;
-  ASSERT_GT(0, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "EmptyEntriesTest", &handle));
+  ASSERT_GT(0, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "EmptyEntriesTest", &handle, false));
 }
 
 TEST(ziparchive, ExtractToFile) {
@@ -580,7 +579,7 @@
   ASSERT_NE(-1, tmp_file.fd);
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tmp_file.fd, &zip_data[0], zip_data.size()));
   ZipArchiveHandle handle;
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "ExtractEntryToMemory", &handle));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "ExtractEntryToMemory", &handle, false));
 
   // This function expects a variant of kDataDescriptorZipFile, for look for
   // an entry whose name is "name" and whose size is 12 (contents =
@@ -688,7 +687,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tmp_file.fd, &kZipFileWithBrokenLfhSignature[0],
                                         kZipFileWithBrokenLfhSignature.size()));
   ZipArchiveHandle handle;
-  ASSERT_EQ(-1, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "LeadingNonZipBytes", &handle));
+  ASSERT_EQ(-1, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "LeadingNonZipBytes", &handle, false));
 }
 
 class VectorReader : public zip_archive::Reader {
diff --git a/llkd/README.md b/llkd/README.md
index e5be850..3da7a2f 100644
--- a/llkd/README.md
+++ b/llkd/README.md
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@
 ABA detection since forward scheduling progress is allowed, thus the condition
 for the symbols are:
 
-- Check is looking for " " + __symbol__+ "0x" in /proc/<pid>/stack.
+- Check is looking for " __symbol__+0x" or " __symbol__.cfi+0x" in
+  /proc/__pid__/stack.
 - The __symbol__ should be rare and short lived enough that on a typical
   system the function is seen at most only once in a sample over the timeout
   period of ro.llk.stack.timeout_ms, samples occur every ro.llk.check_ms. This
@@ -88,7 +89,14 @@
 Android Properties llkd respond to (*prop*_ms parms are in milliseconds):
 
 #### ro.config.low_ram
-default false, if true do not sysrq t (dump all threads).
+device is configured with limited memory.
+
+#### ro.debuggable
+device is configured for userdebug or eng build.
+
+#### ro.llk.sysrq_t
+default not ro.config.low_ram, or ro.debuggable if property is "eng".
+if true do sysrq t (dump all threads).
 
 #### ro.llk.enable
 default false, allow live-lock daemon to be enabled.
@@ -121,14 +129,14 @@
 #### ro.llk.stack.timeout_ms
 default ro.llk.timeout_ms,
 checking for persistent stack symbols maximum timelimit.
-Only active on userdebug and eng builds.
+Only active on userdebug or eng builds.
 
 #### ro.llk.check_ms
 default 2 minutes samples of threads for D or Z.
 
 #### ro.llk.stack
-default cma_alloc,__get_user_pages, comma separated list of kernel symbols.
-The string "*false*" is the equivalent to an *empty* list.
+default cma_alloc,__get_user_pages,bit_wait_io comma separated list of kernel
+symbols.  The string "*false*" is the equivalent to an *empty* list.
 Look for kernel stack symbols that if ever persistently present can
 indicate a subsystem is locked up.
 Beware, check does not on purpose do forward scheduling ABA except by polling
@@ -136,11 +144,14 @@
 should be exceptionally rare and fleeting.
 One must be convinced that it is virtually *impossible* for symbol to show up
 persistently in all samples of the stack.
-Only active on userdebug and eng builds.
+Again, looks for a match for either " **symbol**+0x" or " **symbol**.cfi+0x"
+in stack expansion.
+Only available on userdebug or eng builds, limited privileges due to security
+concerns on user builds prevents this checking.
 
 #### ro.llk.blacklist.process
 default 0,1,2 (kernel, init and [kthreadd]) plus process names
-init,[kthreadd],[khungtaskd],lmkd,lmkd.llkd,llkd,watchdogd,
+init,[kthreadd],[khungtaskd],lmkd,llkd,watchdogd,
 [watchdogd],[watchdogd/0],...,[watchdogd/***get_nprocs**-1*].
 The string "*false*" is the equivalent to an *empty* list.
 Do not watch these processes.  A process can be comm, cmdline or pid reference.
@@ -160,7 +171,7 @@
 Do not watch processes that match this uid.
 
 #### ro.llk.blacklist.process.stack
-default process names init,lmkd,lmkd.llkd,llkd,keystore,logd.
+default process names init,lmkd.llkd,llkd,keystore,ueventd,apexd,logd.
 The string "*false*" is the equivalent to an *empty* list.
 This subset of processes are not monitored for live lock stack signatures.
 Also prevents the sepolicy violation associated with processes that block
diff --git a/llkd/include/llkd.h b/llkd/include/llkd.h
index 2c62fca..b16b1d8 100644
--- a/llkd/include/llkd.h
+++ b/llkd/include/llkd.h
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
 #define LLK_ENABLE_DEFAULT             false /* "eng" and userdebug true */
 #define KHT_ENABLE_WRITEABLE_PROPERTY  "khungtask.enable"
 #define KHT_ENABLE_PROPERTY            "ro." KHT_ENABLE_WRITEABLE_PROPERTY
+#define LLK_ENABLE_SYSRQ_T_PROPERTY    "ro.llk.sysrq_t"
+#define LLK_ENABLE_SYSRQ_T_DEFAULT     true
 #define LLK_MLOCKALL_PROPERTY          "ro.llk.mlockall"
 #define LLK_MLOCKALL_DEFAULT           true
 #define LLK_KILLTEST_PROPERTY          "ro.llk.killtest"
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@
 /* LLK_CHECK_MS_DEFAULT = actual timeout_ms / LLK_CHECKS_PER_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT */
 #define LLK_CHECKS_PER_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT 5
 #define LLK_CHECK_STACK_PROPERTY       "ro.llk.stack"
-#define LLK_CHECK_STACK_DEFAULT        "cma_alloc,__get_user_pages"
+#define LLK_CHECK_STACK_DEFAULT        "cma_alloc,__get_user_pages,bit_wait_io"
 #define LLK_BLACKLIST_PROCESS_PROPERTY "ro.llk.blacklist.process"
 #define LLK_BLACKLIST_PROCESS_DEFAULT  \
     "0,1,2,init,[kthreadd],[khungtaskd],lmkd,llkd,watchdogd,[watchdogd],[watchdogd/0]"
diff --git a/llkd/libllkd.cpp b/llkd/libllkd.cpp
index 2727aab..427dace 100644
--- a/llkd/libllkd.cpp
+++ b/llkd/libllkd.cpp
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@
 milliseconds llkCheckMs;                             // checking interval to inspect any
                                                      // persistent live-locked states
 bool llkLowRam;                                      // ro.config.low_ram
+bool llkEnableSysrqT = LLK_ENABLE_SYSRQ_T_DEFAULT;   // sysrq stack trace dump
 bool khtEnable = LLK_ENABLE_DEFAULT;                 // [khungtaskd] panic
 // [khungtaskd] should have a timeout beyond the granularity of llkTimeoutMs.
 // Provides a wide angle of margin b/c khtTimeout is also its granularity.
@@ -509,8 +510,10 @@
     return android::base::Trim(content) == string;
 }
 
-void llkPanicKernel(bool dump, pid_t tid, const char* state) __noreturn;
-void llkPanicKernel(bool dump, pid_t tid, const char* state) {
+void llkPanicKernel(bool dump, pid_t tid, const char* state,
+                    const std::string& message = "") __noreturn;
+void llkPanicKernel(bool dump, pid_t tid, const char* state, const std::string& message) {
+    if (!message.empty()) LOG(ERROR) << message;
     auto sysrqTriggerFd = llkFileToWriteFd("/proc/sysrq-trigger");
     if (sysrqTriggerFd < 0) {
         // DYB
@@ -523,14 +526,24 @@
     if (dump) {
         // Show all locks that are held
         android::base::WriteStringToFd("d", sysrqTriggerFd);
+        // Show all waiting tasks
+        android::base::WriteStringToFd("w", sysrqTriggerFd);
         // This can trigger hardware watchdog, that is somewhat _ok_.
         // But useless if pstore configured for <256KB, low ram devices ...
-        if (!llkLowRam) {
+        if (llkEnableSysrqT) {
             android::base::WriteStringToFd("t", sysrqTriggerFd);
+            // Show all locks that are held (in case 't' overflows ramoops)
+            android::base::WriteStringToFd("d", sysrqTriggerFd);
+            // Show all waiting tasks (in case 't' overflows ramoops)
+            android::base::WriteStringToFd("w", sysrqTriggerFd);
         }
         ::usleep(200000);  // let everything settle
     }
-    llkWriteStringToFile("SysRq : Trigger a crash : 'livelock,"s + state + "'\n", "/dev/kmsg");
+    // SysRq message matches kernel format, and propagates through bootstat
+    // ultimately to the boot reason into panic,livelock,<state>.
+    llkWriteStringToFile(message + (message.empty() ? "" : "\n") +
+                                 "SysRq : Trigger a crash : 'livelock,"s + state + "'\n",
+                         "/dev/kmsg");
     android::base::WriteStringToFd("c", sysrqTriggerFd);
     // NOTREACHED
     // DYB
@@ -542,7 +555,9 @@
 }
 
 void llkAlarmHandler(int) {
-    llkPanicKernel(false, ::getpid(), "alarm");
+    LOG(FATAL) << "alarm";
+    // NOTREACHED
+    llkPanicKernel(true, ::getpid(), "alarm");
 }
 
 milliseconds GetUintProperty(const std::string& key, milliseconds def) {
@@ -726,7 +741,8 @@
     char match = -1;
     for (const auto& stack : llkCheckStackSymbols) {
         if (++idx < 0) break;
-        if (kernel_stack.find(" "s + stack + "+0x") != std::string::npos) {
+        if ((kernel_stack.find(" "s + stack + "+0x") != std::string::npos) ||
+            (kernel_stack.find(" "s + stack + ".cfi+0x") != std::string::npos)) {
             match = idx;
             break;
         }
@@ -798,6 +814,7 @@
 
 void llkLogConfig(void) {
     LOG(INFO) << "ro.config.low_ram=" << llkFormat(llkLowRam) << "\n"
+              << LLK_ENABLE_SYSRQ_T_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(llkEnableSysrqT) << "\n"
               << LLK_ENABLE_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(llkEnable) << "\n"
               << KHT_ENABLE_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(khtEnable) << "\n"
               << LLK_MLOCKALL_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(llkMlockall) << "\n"
@@ -1089,10 +1106,12 @@
                 }
             }
             // We are here because we have confirmed kernel live-lock
-            LOG(ERROR) << state << ' ' << llkFormat(procp->count) << ' ' << ppid << "->" << pid
-                       << "->" << tid << ' ' << procp->getComm() << " [panic]";
+            const auto message = state + " "s + llkFormat(procp->count) + " " +
+                                 std::to_string(ppid) + "->" + std::to_string(pid) + "->" +
+                                 std::to_string(tid) + " " + procp->getComm() + " [panic]";
             llkPanicKernel(true, tid,
-                           (state == 'Z') ? "zombie" : (state == 'D') ? "driver" : "sleeping");
+                           (state == 'Z') ? "zombie" : (state == 'D') ? "driver" : "sleeping",
+                           message);
         }
         LOG(VERBOSE) << "+closedir()";
     }
@@ -1149,13 +1168,22 @@
     return duration_cast<milliseconds>(llkCheck()).count();
 }
 
+bool llkCheckEng(const std::string& property) {
+    return android::base::GetProperty(property, "eng") == "eng";
+}
+
 bool llkInit(const char* threadname) {
     auto debuggable = android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.debuggable", false);
     llkLowRam = android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.config.low_ram", false);
-    if (!LLK_ENABLE_DEFAULT && debuggable) {
-        llkEnable = android::base::GetProperty(LLK_ENABLE_PROPERTY, "eng") == "eng";
-        khtEnable = android::base::GetProperty(KHT_ENABLE_PROPERTY, "eng") == "eng";
+    llkEnableSysrqT &= !llkLowRam;
+    if (debuggable) {
+        llkEnableSysrqT |= llkCheckEng(LLK_ENABLE_SYSRQ_T_PROPERTY);
+        if (!LLK_ENABLE_DEFAULT) {  // NB: default is currently true ...
+            llkEnable |= llkCheckEng(LLK_ENABLE_PROPERTY);
+            khtEnable |= llkCheckEng(KHT_ENABLE_PROPERTY);
+        }
     }
+    llkEnableSysrqT = android::base::GetBoolProperty(LLK_ENABLE_SYSRQ_T_PROPERTY, llkEnableSysrqT);
     llkEnable = android::base::GetBoolProperty(LLK_ENABLE_PROPERTY, llkEnable);
     if (llkEnable && !llkTopDirectory.reset(procdir)) {
         // Most likely reason we could be here is llkd was started
diff --git a/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp b/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp
index 9483bb2..d5c40be 100644
--- a/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp
+++ b/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp
@@ -1404,7 +1404,7 @@
     int count = 0;
 
     char buffer[BIG_BUFFER];
-#define logcat_regex_prefix ___STRING(logcat) "_test"
+#define logcat_regex_prefix logcat_executable "_test"
 
     snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
              logcat_executable " --pid %d -d -e " logcat_regex_prefix "_a+b",
@@ -1550,7 +1550,7 @@
 
     {
         static const struct tag sync = { 2720, "sync" };
-        static const char id[] = ___STRING(logcat) ".descriptive-sync";
+        static const char id[] = logcat_executable ".descriptive-sync";
         {
             android_log_event_list ctx(sync.tagNo);
             ctx << id << (int32_t)42 << (int32_t)-1 << (int32_t)0;
@@ -1665,7 +1665,7 @@
         // Invent new entries because existing can not serve
         EventTagMap* map = android_openEventTagMap(nullptr);
         ASSERT_TRUE(nullptr != map);
-        static const char name[] = ___STRING(logcat) ".descriptive-monotonic";
+        static const char name[] = logcat_executable ".descriptive-monotonic";
         int myTag = android_lookupEventTagNum(map, name, "(new|1|s)",
                                               ANDROID_LOG_UNKNOWN);
         android_closeEventTagMap(map);
diff --git a/logd/LogAudit.cpp b/logd/LogAudit.cpp
index fc8c960..18d5287 100644
--- a/logd/LogAudit.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogAudit.cpp
@@ -165,9 +165,14 @@
         bug_num->assign("");
     }
 
+    // Ensure the uid name is not null before passing it to the bug string.
     if (uid >= AID_APP_START && uid <= AID_APP_END) {
-        bug_num->append(" app=");
-        bug_num->append(android::uidToName(uid));
+        char* uidname = android::uidToName(uid);
+        if (uidname) {
+            bug_num->append(" app=");
+            bug_num->append(uidname);
+            free(uidname);
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/logd/LogTimes.cpp b/logd/LogTimes.cpp
index 1715501..208d67f 100644
--- a/logd/LogTimes.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogTimes.cpp
@@ -204,6 +204,10 @@
         goto skip;
     }
 
+    if (me->mRelease) {
+        goto stop;
+    }
+
     if (!me->mTail) {
         goto ok;
     }
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt
index ca6aafe..461184a 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt
@@ -6,35 +6,40 @@
 
 # All binaries gets the same configuration 'legacy'
 dir.legacy = /system
+dir.legacy = /product
 dir.legacy = /vendor
 dir.legacy = /odm
 dir.legacy = /sbin
 
-# Except for /postinstall, where only /system is searched
+# Except for /postinstall, where only /system and /product are searched
 dir.postinstall = /postinstall
 
 [legacy]
 namespace.default.isolated = false
 
 namespace.default.search.paths  = /system/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths += /product/${LIB}
 namespace.default.search.paths += /vendor/${LIB}
 namespace.default.search.paths += /odm/${LIB}
 
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths  = /data/asan/system/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /system/${LIB}
-namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/odm/${LIB}
-namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /odm/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/product/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /product/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/vendor/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /vendor/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/odm/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /odm/${LIB}
 
 ###############################################################################
 # Namespace config for binaries under /postinstall.
 # Only one default namespace is defined and it has no directories other than
-# /system/lib in the search paths. This is because linker calls realpath on the
-# search paths and this causes selinux denial if the paths (/vendor, /odm) are
-# not allowed to the poinstall binaries. There is no reason to allow the
-# binaries to access the paths.
+# /system/lib and /product/lib in the search paths. This is because linker
+# calls realpath on the search paths and this causes selinux denial if the
+# paths (/vendor, /odm) are not allowed to the poinstall binaries.
+# There is no reason to allow the binaries to access the paths.
 ###############################################################################
 [postinstall]
 namespace.default.isolated = false
-namespace.default.search.paths = /system/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths  = /system/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths += /product/${LIB}
diff --git a/rootdir/init.rc b/rootdir/init.rc
index 025e3c3..349168e 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.rc
+++ b/rootdir/init.rc
@@ -269,6 +269,12 @@
     # that they can be chown'd to system:system later on boot
     write /sys/class/leds/vibrator/trigger "transient"
 
+    # This is used by Bionic to select optimized routines.
+    write /dev/cpu_variant:${ro.bionic.arch} ${ro.bionic.cpu_variant}
+    chmod 0444 /dev/cpu_variant:${ro.bionic.arch}
+    write /dev/cpu_variant:${ro.bionic.2nd_arch} ${ro.bionic.2nd_cpu_variant}
+    chmod 0444 /dev/cpu_variant:${ro.bionic.2nd_arch}
+
     # Setup APEX mount point and its security context
     mount tmpfs tmpfs /apex nodev noexec nosuid
     chmod 0755 /apex
@@ -801,3 +807,6 @@
 service flash_recovery /system/bin/install-recovery.sh
     class main
     oneshot
+
+on property:apexd.status=ready
+    parse_apex_configs
diff --git a/rootdir/ueventd.rc b/rootdir/ueventd.rc
index 2f85dec..d47506c 100644
--- a/rootdir/ueventd.rc
+++ b/rootdir/ueventd.rc
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 /dev/diag_arm9            0660   radio      radio
 /dev/ttyMSM0              0600   bluetooth  bluetooth
 /dev/uhid                 0660   uhid       uhid
-/dev/uinput               0660   system     bluetooth
+/dev/uinput               0660   uhid       uhid
 /dev/alarm                0664   system     radio
 /dev/rtc0                 0640   system     system
 /dev/tty0                 0660   root       system
diff --git a/run-as/.clang-format b/run-as/.clang-format
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..fd0645f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/run-as/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../.clang-format-2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/run-as/run-as.cpp b/run-as/run-as.cpp
index d005ecf..f49bdf7 100644
--- a/run-as/run-as.cpp
+++ b/run-as/run-as.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <string>
+
 #include <libminijail.h>
 #include <scoped_minijail.h>
 
@@ -144,7 +146,7 @@
   // Some devices can disable running run-as, such as Chrome OS when running in
   // non-developer mode.
   if (android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.boot.disable_runas", false)) {
-      error(1, 0, "run-as is disabled from the kernel commandline");
+    error(1, 0, "run-as is disabled from the kernel commandline");
   }
 
   char* pkgname = argv[1];
@@ -167,6 +169,15 @@
   if (!packagelist_parse(packagelist_parse_callback, &info)) {
     error(1, errno, "packagelist_parse failed");
   }
+
+  // Handle a multi-user data path
+  if (userId > 0) {
+    free(info.data_dir);
+    if (asprintf(&info.data_dir, "/data/user/%d/%s", userId, pkgname) == -1) {
+      error(1, errno, "asprintf failed");
+    }
+  }
+
   if (info.uid == 0) {
     error(1, 0, "unknown package: %s", pkgname);
   }
@@ -205,7 +216,8 @@
   minijail_keep_supplementary_gids(j.get());
   minijail_enter(j.get());
 
-  if (selinux_android_setcontext(uid, 0, info.seinfo, pkgname) < 0) {
+  std::string seinfo = std::string(info.seinfo) + ":fromRunAs";
+  if (selinux_android_setcontext(uid, 0, seinfo.c_str(), pkgname) < 0) {
     error(1, errno, "couldn't set SELinux security context");
   }
 
diff --git a/storaged/storaged_info.cpp b/storaged/storaged_info.cpp
index 8c0b3d1..ca2421b 100644
--- a/storaged/storaged_info.cpp
+++ b/storaged/storaged_info.cpp
@@ -87,12 +87,21 @@
     day_start_tp += chrono::seconds(perf_history.day_start_sec());
 
     nr_samples = perf_history.nr_samples();
+    if (nr_samples < recent_perf.size()) {
+        recent_perf.erase(recent_perf.begin() + nr_samples, recent_perf.end());
+    }
+    size_t i = 0;
     for (auto bw : perf_history.recent_perf()) {
-        recent_perf.push_back(bw);
+        if (i < recent_perf.size()) {
+            recent_perf[i] = bw;
+        } else {
+            recent_perf.push_back(bw);
+        }
+        ++i;
     }
 
     nr_days = perf_history.nr_days();
-    int i = 0;
+    i = 0;
     for (auto bw : perf_history.daily_perf()) {
         daily_perf[i++] = bw;
     }