diff --git a/gatekeeperd/Android.bp b/gatekeeperd/Android.bp
index 2b7db79..778e08c 100644
--- a/gatekeeperd/Android.bp
+++ b/gatekeeperd/Android.bp
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@
         "-Wunused",
     ],
     srcs: [
-        "SoftGateKeeperDevice.cpp",
-        "IGateKeeperService.cpp",
         "gatekeeperd.cpp",
     ],
 
@@ -43,9 +41,44 @@
         "libhidltransport",
         "libhwbinder",
         "android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0",
+        "libgatekeeper_aidl",
     ],
 
     static_libs: ["libscrypt_static"],
     include_dirs: ["external/scrypt/lib/crypto"],
     init_rc: ["gatekeeperd.rc"],
 }
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "gatekeeper_aidl",
+    srcs: [
+        "binder/android/service/gatekeeper/IGateKeeperService.aidl",
+    ],
+    path: "binder",
+}
+
+cc_library_shared {
+    name: "libgatekeeper_aidl",
+    srcs: [
+        ":gatekeeper_aidl",
+        "GateKeeperResponse.cpp",
+    ],
+    aidl: {
+        export_aidl_headers: true,
+        include_dirs: [
+            "system/core/gatekeeperd/binder",
+            "frameworks/base/core/java/",
+        ],
+    },
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder",
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: [
+        "libbinder",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/GateKeeperResponse.cpp b/gatekeeperd/GateKeeperResponse.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca0c98f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gatekeeperd/GateKeeperResponse.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright 2019, The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#define LOG_TAG "gatekeeperd"
+
+#include <gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.h>
+
+#include <binder/Parcel.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace service {
+namespace gatekeeper {
+
+status_t GateKeeperResponse::readFromParcel(const Parcel* in) {
+    if (in == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "readFromParcel got null in parameter";
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    timeout_ = 0;
+    should_reenroll_ = false;
+    payload_ = {};
+    response_code_ = ResponseCode(in->readInt32());
+    if (response_code_ == ResponseCode::OK) {
+        should_reenroll_ = in->readInt32();
+        ssize_t length = in->readInt32();
+        if (length > 0) {
+            length = in->readInt32();
+            const uint8_t* buf = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(in->readInplace(length));
+            if (buf == nullptr) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "readInplace returned null buffer for length " << length;
+                return BAD_VALUE;
+            }
+            payload_.resize(length);
+            std::copy(buf, buf + length, payload_.data());
+        }
+    } else if (response_code_ == ResponseCode::RETRY) {
+        timeout_ = in->readInt32();
+    }
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+status_t GateKeeperResponse::writeToParcel(Parcel* out) const {
+    if (out == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "writeToParcel got null out parameter";
+        return BAD_VALUE;
+    }
+    out->writeInt32(int32_t(response_code_));
+    if (response_code_ == ResponseCode::OK) {
+        out->writeInt32(should_reenroll_);
+        out->writeInt32(payload_.size());
+        if (payload_.size() != 0) {
+            out->writeInt32(payload_.size());
+            uint8_t* buf = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(out->writeInplace(payload_.size()));
+            if (buf == nullptr) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "writeInplace returned null buffer for length " << payload_.size();
+                return BAD_VALUE;
+            }
+            std::copy(payload_.begin(), payload_.end(), buf);
+        }
+    } else if (response_code_ == ResponseCode::RETRY) {
+        out->writeInt32(timeout_);
+    }
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+}  // namespace gatekeeper
+}  // namespace service
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/IGateKeeperService.cpp b/gatekeeperd/IGateKeeperService.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 43d5708..0000000
--- a/gatekeeperd/IGateKeeperService.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2015, The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-#define LOG_TAG "GateKeeperService"
-#include <utils/Log.h>
-
-#include "IGateKeeperService.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-const android::String16 IGateKeeperService::descriptor("android.service.gatekeeper.IGateKeeperService");
-const android::String16& IGateKeeperService::getInterfaceDescriptor() const {
-    return IGateKeeperService::descriptor;
-}
-
-status_t BnGateKeeperService::onTransact(
-    uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags) {
-    switch(code) {
-        case ENROLL: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IGateKeeperService, data, reply);
-            uint32_t uid = data.readInt32();
-
-            ssize_t currentPasswordHandleSize = data.readInt32();
-            const uint8_t *currentPasswordHandle =
-                    static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.readInplace(currentPasswordHandleSize));
-            if (!currentPasswordHandle) currentPasswordHandleSize = 0;
-
-            ssize_t currentPasswordSize = data.readInt32();
-            const uint8_t *currentPassword =
-                    static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.readInplace(currentPasswordSize));
-            if (!currentPassword) currentPasswordSize = 0;
-
-            ssize_t desiredPasswordSize = data.readInt32();
-            const uint8_t *desiredPassword =
-                    static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.readInplace(desiredPasswordSize));
-            if (!desiredPassword) desiredPasswordSize = 0;
-
-            uint8_t *out = NULL;
-            uint32_t outSize = 0;
-            int ret = enroll(uid, currentPasswordHandle, currentPasswordHandleSize,
-                    currentPassword, currentPasswordSize, desiredPassword,
-                    desiredPasswordSize, &out, &outSize);
-
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt32(1);
-            if (ret == 0 && outSize > 0 && out != NULL) {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_OK);
-                reply->writeInt32(0);
-                reply->writeInt32(outSize);
-                reply->writeInt32(outSize);
-                void *buf = reply->writeInplace(outSize);
-                memcpy(buf, out, outSize);
-                delete[] out;
-            } else if (ret > 0) {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_RETRY);
-                reply->writeInt32(ret);
-            } else {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_ERROR);
-            }
-            return OK;
-        }
-        case VERIFY: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IGateKeeperService, data, reply);
-            uint32_t uid = data.readInt32();
-            ssize_t currentPasswordHandleSize = data.readInt32();
-            const uint8_t *currentPasswordHandle =
-                    static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.readInplace(currentPasswordHandleSize));
-            if (!currentPasswordHandle) currentPasswordHandleSize = 0;
-
-            ssize_t currentPasswordSize = data.readInt32();
-            const uint8_t *currentPassword =
-                static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.readInplace(currentPasswordSize));
-            if (!currentPassword) currentPasswordSize = 0;
-
-            bool request_reenroll = false;
-            int ret = verify(uid, (uint8_t *) currentPasswordHandle,
-                    currentPasswordHandleSize, (uint8_t *) currentPassword, currentPasswordSize,
-                    &request_reenroll);
-
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt32(1);
-            if (ret == 0) {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_OK);
-                reply->writeInt32(request_reenroll ? 1 : 0);
-                reply->writeInt32(0); // no payload returned from this call
-            } else if (ret > 0) {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_RETRY);
-                reply->writeInt32(ret);
-            } else {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_ERROR);
-            }
-            return OK;
-        }
-        case VERIFY_CHALLENGE: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IGateKeeperService, data, reply);
-            uint32_t uid = data.readInt32();
-            uint64_t challenge = data.readInt64();
-            ssize_t currentPasswordHandleSize = data.readInt32();
-            const uint8_t *currentPasswordHandle =
-                    static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.readInplace(currentPasswordHandleSize));
-            if (!currentPasswordHandle) currentPasswordHandleSize = 0;
-
-            ssize_t currentPasswordSize = data.readInt32();
-            const uint8_t *currentPassword =
-                static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data.readInplace(currentPasswordSize));
-            if (!currentPassword) currentPasswordSize = 0;
-
-
-            uint8_t *out = NULL;
-            uint32_t outSize = 0;
-            bool request_reenroll = false;
-            int ret = verifyChallenge(uid, challenge, (uint8_t *) currentPasswordHandle,
-                    currentPasswordHandleSize, (uint8_t *) currentPassword, currentPasswordSize,
-                    &out, &outSize, &request_reenroll);
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt32(1);
-            if (ret == 0 && outSize > 0 && out != NULL) {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_OK);
-                reply->writeInt32(request_reenroll ? 1 : 0);
-                reply->writeInt32(outSize);
-                reply->writeInt32(outSize);
-                void *buf = reply->writeInplace(outSize);
-                memcpy(buf, out, outSize);
-                delete[] out;
-            } else if (ret > 0) {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_RETRY);
-                reply->writeInt32(ret);
-            } else {
-                reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_ERROR);
-            }
-            return OK;
-        }
-        case GET_SECURE_USER_ID: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IGateKeeperService, data, reply);
-            uint32_t uid = data.readInt32();
-            uint64_t sid = getSecureUserId(uid);
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            reply->writeInt64(sid);
-            return OK;
-        }
-        case CLEAR_SECURE_USER_ID: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IGateKeeperService, data, reply);
-            uint32_t uid = data.readInt32();
-            clearSecureUserId(uid);
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            return OK;
-        }
-        case REPORT_DEVICE_SETUP_COMPLETE: {
-            CHECK_INTERFACE(IGateKeeperService, data, reply);
-            reportDeviceSetupComplete();
-            reply->writeNoException();
-            return OK;
-        }
-        default:
-            return BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
-    }
-};
-
-
-}; // namespace android
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/IGateKeeperService.h b/gatekeeperd/IGateKeeperService.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 2816efc..0000000
--- a/gatekeeperd/IGateKeeperService.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef IGATEKEEPER_SERVICE_H_
-#define IGATEKEEPER_SERVICE_H_
-
-#include <binder/IInterface.h>
-#include <binder/Parcel.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-/*
- * This must be kept manually in sync with frameworks/base's IGateKeeperService.aidl
- */
-class IGateKeeperService : public IInterface {
-public:
-    enum {
-        ENROLL = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0,
-        VERIFY = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1,
-        VERIFY_CHALLENGE = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 2,
-        GET_SECURE_USER_ID = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 3,
-        CLEAR_SECURE_USER_ID = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 4,
-        REPORT_DEVICE_SETUP_COMPLETE = IBinder::FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 5,
-    };
-
-    enum {
-        GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_OK = 0,
-        GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_RETRY = 1,
-        GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_ERROR = -1,
-    };
-
-    // DECLARE_META_INTERFACE - C++ client interface not needed
-    static const android::String16 descriptor;
-    virtual const android::String16& getInterfaceDescriptor() const;
-    IGateKeeperService() {}
-    virtual ~IGateKeeperService() {}
-
-    /**
-     * Enrolls a password with the GateKeeper. Returns 0 on success, negative on failure.
-     * Returns:
-     * - 0 on success
-     * - A timestamp T > 0 if the call has failed due to throttling and should not
-     *   be reattempted until T milliseconds have elapsed
-     * - -1 on failure
-     */
-    virtual int enroll(uint32_t uid,
-            const uint8_t *current_password_handle, uint32_t current_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *current_password, uint32_t current_password_length,
-            const uint8_t *desired_password, uint32_t desired_password_length,
-            uint8_t **enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t *enrolled_password_handle_length) = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * Verifies a password previously enrolled with the GateKeeper.
-     * Returns:
-     * - 0 on success
-     * - A timestamp T > 0 if the call has failed due to throttling and should not
-     *   be reattempted until T milliseconds have elapsed
-     * - -1 on failure
-     */
-    virtual int verify(uint32_t uid, const uint8_t *enrolled_password_handle,
-            uint32_t enrolled_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *provided_password, uint32_t provided_password_length,
-            bool *request_reenroll) = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * Verifies a password previously enrolled with the GateKeeper.
-     * Returns:
-     * - 0 on success
-     * - A timestamp T > 0 if the call has failed due to throttling and should not
-     *   be reattempted until T milliseconds have elapsed
-     * - -1 on failure
-     */
-    virtual int verifyChallenge(uint32_t uid, uint64_t challenge,
-            const uint8_t *enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t enrolled_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *provided_password, uint32_t provided_password_length,
-            uint8_t **auth_token, uint32_t *auth_token_length, bool *request_reenroll) = 0;
-    /**
-     * Returns the secure user ID for the provided android user
-     */
-    virtual uint64_t getSecureUserId(uint32_t uid) = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * Clears the secure user ID associated with the user.
-     */
-    virtual void clearSecureUserId(uint32_t uid) = 0;
-
-    /**
-     * Notifies gatekeeper that device setup has been completed and any potentially still existing
-     * state from before a factory reset can be cleaned up (if it has not been already).
-     */
-    virtual void reportDeviceSetupComplete() = 0;
-};
-
-// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-class BnGateKeeperService: public BnInterface<IGateKeeperService> {
-public:
-    virtual status_t onTransact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply,
-            uint32_t flags = 0);
-};
-
-} // namespace android
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeper.h b/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeper.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c03dcf..0000000
--- a/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeper.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,175 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- *
- */
-
-#ifndef SOFT_GATEKEEPER_H_
-#define SOFT_GATEKEEPER_H_
-
-extern "C" {
-#include <openssl/rand.h>
-#include <openssl/sha.h>
-
-#include <crypto_scrypt.h>
-}
-
-#include <android-base/memory.h>
-#include <gatekeeper/gatekeeper.h>
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <memory>
-
-namespace gatekeeper {
-
-struct fast_hash_t {
-    uint64_t salt;
-    uint8_t digest[SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH];
-};
-
-class SoftGateKeeper : public GateKeeper {
-public:
-    static const uint32_t SIGNATURE_LENGTH_BYTES = 32;
-
-    // scrypt params
-    static const uint64_t N = 16384;
-    static const uint32_t r = 8;
-    static const uint32_t p = 1;
-
-    static const int MAX_UINT_32_CHARS = 11;
-
-    SoftGateKeeper() {
-        key_.reset(new uint8_t[SIGNATURE_LENGTH_BYTES]);
-        memset(key_.get(), 0, SIGNATURE_LENGTH_BYTES);
-    }
-
-    virtual ~SoftGateKeeper() {
-    }
-
-    virtual bool GetAuthTokenKey(const uint8_t** auth_token_key, uint32_t* length) const {
-        if (auth_token_key == NULL || length == NULL) return false;
-        *auth_token_key = key_.get();
-        *length = SIGNATURE_LENGTH_BYTES;
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    virtual void GetPasswordKey(const uint8_t** password_key, uint32_t* length) {
-        if (password_key == NULL || length == NULL) return;
-        *password_key = key_.get();
-        *length = SIGNATURE_LENGTH_BYTES;
-    }
-
-    virtual void ComputePasswordSignature(uint8_t *signature, uint32_t signature_length,
-            const uint8_t *, uint32_t, const uint8_t *password,
-            uint32_t password_length, salt_t salt) const {
-        if (signature == NULL) return;
-        crypto_scrypt(password, password_length, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&salt),
-                sizeof(salt), N, r, p, signature, signature_length);
-    }
-
-    virtual void GetRandom(void *random, uint32_t requested_length) const {
-        if (random == NULL) return;
-        RAND_pseudo_bytes((uint8_t *) random, requested_length);
-    }
-
-    virtual void ComputeSignature(uint8_t *signature, uint32_t signature_length,
-            const uint8_t *, uint32_t, const uint8_t *, const uint32_t) const {
-        if (signature == NULL) return;
-        memset(signature, 0, signature_length);
-    }
-
-    virtual uint64_t GetMillisecondsSinceBoot() const {
-        struct timespec time;
-        int res = clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &time);
-        if (res < 0) return 0;
-        return (time.tv_sec * 1000) + (time.tv_nsec / 1000 / 1000);
-    }
-
-    virtual bool IsHardwareBacked() const {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    virtual bool GetFailureRecord(uint32_t uid, secure_id_t user_id, failure_record_t *record,
-            bool /* secure */) {
-        failure_record_t *stored = &failure_map_[uid];
-        if (user_id != stored->secure_user_id) {
-            stored->secure_user_id = user_id;
-            stored->last_checked_timestamp = 0;
-            stored->failure_counter = 0;
-        }
-        memcpy(record, stored, sizeof(*record));
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    virtual bool ClearFailureRecord(uint32_t uid, secure_id_t user_id, bool /* secure */) {
-        failure_record_t *stored = &failure_map_[uid];
-        stored->secure_user_id = user_id;
-        stored->last_checked_timestamp = 0;
-        stored->failure_counter = 0;
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    virtual bool WriteFailureRecord(uint32_t uid, failure_record_t *record, bool /* secure */) {
-        failure_map_[uid] = *record;
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    fast_hash_t ComputeFastHash(const SizedBuffer &password, uint64_t salt) {
-        fast_hash_t fast_hash;
-        size_t digest_size = password.length + sizeof(salt);
-        std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> digest(new uint8_t[digest_size]);
-        memcpy(digest.get(), &salt, sizeof(salt));
-        memcpy(digest.get() + sizeof(salt), password.buffer.get(), password.length);
-
-        SHA256(digest.get(), digest_size, (uint8_t *) &fast_hash.digest);
-
-        fast_hash.salt = salt;
-        return fast_hash;
-    }
-
-    bool VerifyFast(const fast_hash_t &fast_hash, const SizedBuffer &password) {
-        fast_hash_t computed = ComputeFastHash(password, fast_hash.salt);
-        return memcmp(computed.digest, fast_hash.digest, SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH) == 0;
-    }
-
-    bool DoVerify(const password_handle_t *expected_handle, const SizedBuffer &password) {
-        uint64_t user_id = android::base::get_unaligned<secure_id_t>(&expected_handle->user_id);
-        FastHashMap::const_iterator it = fast_hash_map_.find(user_id);
-        if (it != fast_hash_map_.end() && VerifyFast(it->second, password)) {
-            return true;
-        } else {
-            if (GateKeeper::DoVerify(expected_handle, password)) {
-                uint64_t salt;
-                GetRandom(&salt, sizeof(salt));
-                fast_hash_map_[user_id] = ComputeFastHash(password, salt);
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-
-        return false;
-    }
-
-private:
-
-    typedef std::unordered_map<uint32_t, failure_record_t> FailureRecordMap;
-    typedef std::unordered_map<uint64_t, fast_hash_t> FastHashMap;
-
-    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> key_;
-    FailureRecordMap failure_map_;
-    FastHashMap fast_hash_map_;
-};
-}
-
-#endif // SOFT_GATEKEEPER_H_
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeperDevice.cpp b/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeperDevice.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index f5e2ce6..0000000
--- a/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeperDevice.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#include "SoftGateKeeper.h"
-#include "SoftGateKeeperDevice.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-int SoftGateKeeperDevice::enroll(uint32_t uid,
-            const uint8_t *current_password_handle, uint32_t current_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *current_password, uint32_t current_password_length,
-            const uint8_t *desired_password, uint32_t desired_password_length,
-            uint8_t **enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t *enrolled_password_handle_length) {
-
-    if (enrolled_password_handle == NULL || enrolled_password_handle_length == NULL ||
-            desired_password == NULL || desired_password_length == 0)
-        return -EINVAL;
-
-    // Current password and current password handle go together
-    if (current_password_handle == NULL || current_password_handle_length == 0 ||
-            current_password == NULL || current_password_length == 0) {
-        current_password_handle = NULL;
-        current_password_handle_length = 0;
-        current_password = NULL;
-        current_password_length = 0;
-    }
-
-    SizedBuffer desired_password_buffer(desired_password_length);
-    memcpy(desired_password_buffer.buffer.get(), desired_password, desired_password_length);
-
-    SizedBuffer current_password_handle_buffer(current_password_handle_length);
-    if (current_password_handle) {
-        memcpy(current_password_handle_buffer.buffer.get(), current_password_handle,
-                current_password_handle_length);
-    }
-
-    SizedBuffer current_password_buffer(current_password_length);
-    if (current_password) {
-        memcpy(current_password_buffer.buffer.get(), current_password, current_password_length);
-    }
-
-    EnrollRequest request(uid, &current_password_handle_buffer, &desired_password_buffer,
-            &current_password_buffer);
-    EnrollResponse response;
-
-    impl_->Enroll(request, &response);
-
-    if (response.error == ERROR_RETRY) {
-        return response.retry_timeout;
-    } else if (response.error != ERROR_NONE) {
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    *enrolled_password_handle = response.enrolled_password_handle.buffer.release();
-    *enrolled_password_handle_length = response.enrolled_password_handle.length;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int SoftGateKeeperDevice::verify(uint32_t uid,
-        uint64_t challenge, const uint8_t *enrolled_password_handle,
-        uint32_t enrolled_password_handle_length, const uint8_t *provided_password,
-        uint32_t provided_password_length, uint8_t **auth_token, uint32_t *auth_token_length,
-        bool *request_reenroll) {
-
-    if (enrolled_password_handle == NULL ||
-            provided_password == NULL) {
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    SizedBuffer password_handle_buffer(enrolled_password_handle_length);
-    memcpy(password_handle_buffer.buffer.get(), enrolled_password_handle,
-            enrolled_password_handle_length);
-    SizedBuffer provided_password_buffer(provided_password_length);
-    memcpy(provided_password_buffer.buffer.get(), provided_password, provided_password_length);
-
-    VerifyRequest request(uid, challenge, &password_handle_buffer, &provided_password_buffer);
-    VerifyResponse response;
-
-    impl_->Verify(request, &response);
-
-    if (response.error == ERROR_RETRY) {
-        return response.retry_timeout;
-    } else if (response.error != ERROR_NONE) {
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    if (auth_token != NULL && auth_token_length != NULL) {
-       *auth_token = response.auth_token.buffer.release();
-       *auth_token_length = response.auth_token.length;
-    }
-
-    if (request_reenroll != NULL) {
-        *request_reenroll = response.request_reenroll;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-} // namespace android
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeperDevice.h b/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeperDevice.h
deleted file mode 100644
index e3dc068..0000000
--- a/gatekeeperd/SoftGateKeeperDevice.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef SOFT_GATEKEEPER_DEVICE_H_
-#define SOFT_GATEKEEPER_DEVICE_H_
-
-#include "SoftGateKeeper.h"
-
-#include <memory>
-
-using namespace gatekeeper;
-
-namespace android {
-
-/**
- * Software based GateKeeper implementation
- */
-class SoftGateKeeperDevice {
-public:
-    SoftGateKeeperDevice() {
-        impl_.reset(new SoftGateKeeper());
-    }
-
-   // Wrappers to translate the gatekeeper HAL API to the Kegyuard Messages API.
-
-    /**
-     * Enrolls password_payload, which should be derived from a user selected pin or password,
-     * with the authentication factor private key used only for enrolling authentication
-     * factor data.
-     *
-     * Returns: 0 on success or an error code less than 0 on error.
-     * On error, enrolled_password_handle will not be allocated.
-     */
-    int enroll(uint32_t uid,
-            const uint8_t *current_password_handle, uint32_t current_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *current_password, uint32_t current_password_length,
-            const uint8_t *desired_password, uint32_t desired_password_length,
-            uint8_t **enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t *enrolled_password_handle_length);
-
-    /**
-     * Verifies provided_password matches enrolled_password_handle.
-     *
-     * Implementations of this module may retain the result of this call
-     * to attest to the recency of authentication.
-     *
-     * On success, writes the address of a verification token to auth_token,
-     * usable to attest password verification to other trusted services. Clients
-     * may pass NULL for this value.
-     *
-     * Returns: 0 on success or an error code less than 0 on error
-     * On error, verification token will not be allocated
-     */
-    int verify(uint32_t uid, uint64_t challenge,
-            const uint8_t *enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t enrolled_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *provided_password, uint32_t provided_password_length,
-            uint8_t **auth_token, uint32_t *auth_token_length, bool *request_reenroll);
-private:
-    std::unique_ptr<SoftGateKeeper> impl_;
-};
-
-} // namespace gatekeeper
-
-#endif //SOFT_GATEKEEPER_DEVICE_H_
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/binder/android/service/gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.aidl b/gatekeeperd/binder/android/service/gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..097bb54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gatekeeperd/binder/android/service/gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.service.gatekeeper;
+
+/**
+ * Response object for a GateKeeper verification request.
+ * @hide
+ */
+parcelable GateKeeperResponse cpp_header "gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.h";
+
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/binder/android/service/gatekeeper/IGateKeeperService.aidl b/gatekeeperd/binder/android/service/gatekeeper/IGateKeeperService.aidl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57adaba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gatekeeperd/binder/android/service/gatekeeper/IGateKeeperService.aidl
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.service.gatekeeper;
+
+import android.service.gatekeeper.GateKeeperResponse;
+
+/**
+ * Interface for communication with GateKeeper, the
+ * secure password storage daemon.
+ *
+ * This must be kept manually in sync with system/core/gatekeeperd
+ * until AIDL can generate both C++ and Java bindings.
+ *
+ * @hide
+ */
+interface IGateKeeperService {
+    /**
+     * Enrolls a password, returning the handle to the enrollment to be stored locally.
+     * @param uid The Android user ID associated to this enrollment
+     * @param currentPasswordHandle The previously enrolled handle, or null if none
+     * @param currentPassword The previously enrolled plaintext password, or null if none.
+     *                        If provided, must verify against the currentPasswordHandle.
+     * @param desiredPassword The new desired password, for which a handle will be returned
+     *                        upon success.
+     * @return an EnrollResponse or null on failure
+     */
+    GateKeeperResponse enroll(int uid, in @nullable byte[] currentPasswordHandle,
+            in @nullable byte[] currentPassword, in byte[] desiredPassword);
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies an enrolled handle against a provided, plaintext blob.
+     * @param uid The Android user ID associated to this enrollment
+     * @param enrolledPasswordHandle The handle against which the provided password will be
+     *                               verified.
+     * @param The plaintext blob to verify against enrolledPassword.
+     * @return a VerifyResponse, or null on failure.
+     */
+    GateKeeperResponse verify(int uid, in byte[] enrolledPasswordHandle, in byte[] providedPassword);
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies an enrolled handle against a provided, plaintext blob.
+     * @param uid The Android user ID associated to this enrollment
+     * @param challenge a challenge to authenticate agaisnt the device credential. If successful
+     *                  authentication occurs, this value will be written to the returned
+     *                  authentication attestation.
+     * @param enrolledPasswordHandle The handle against which the provided password will be
+     *                               verified.
+     * @param The plaintext blob to verify against enrolledPassword.
+     * @return a VerifyResponse with an attestation, or null on failure.
+     */
+    GateKeeperResponse verifyChallenge(int uid, long challenge, in byte[] enrolledPasswordHandle,
+            in byte[] providedPassword);
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the secure identifier for the user with the provided Android ID,
+     * or 0 if none is found.
+     * @param uid the Android user id
+     */
+    long getSecureUserId(int uid);
+
+    /**
+     * Clears secure user id associated with the provided Android ID.
+     * Must be called when password is set to NONE.
+     * @param uid the Android user id.
+     */
+    void clearSecureUserId(int uid);
+
+    /**
+     * Notifies gatekeeper that device setup has been completed and any potentially still existing
+     * state from before a factory reset can be cleaned up (if it has not been already).
+     */
+    void reportDeviceSetupComplete();
+}
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp b/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
index 5451819..1d65b1c 100644
--- a/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
+++ b/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "gatekeeperd"
 
-#include "IGateKeeperService.h"
+#include <android/service/gatekeeper/BnGateKeeperService.h>
+#include <gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.h>
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -41,8 +42,6 @@
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <utils/String16.h>
 
-#include "SoftGateKeeperDevice.h"
-
 #include <hidl/HidlSupport.h>
 #include <android/hardware/gatekeeper/1.0/IGatekeeper.h>
 
@@ -52,6 +51,11 @@
 using android::hardware::gatekeeper::V1_0::GatekeeperResponse;
 using android::hardware::Return;
 
+using ::android::binder::Status;
+using ::android::service::gatekeeper::BnGateKeeperService;
+using GKResponse = ::android::service::gatekeeper::GateKeeperResponse;
+using GKResponseCode = ::android::service::gatekeeper::ResponseCode;
+
 namespace android {
 
 static const String16 KEYGUARD_PERMISSION("android.permission.ACCESS_KEYGUARD_SECURE_STORAGE");
@@ -64,9 +68,8 @@
         hw_device = IGatekeeper::getService();
         is_running_gsi = android::base::GetBoolProperty(android::gsi::kGsiBootedProp, false);
 
-        if (hw_device == nullptr) {
-            ALOGW("falling back to software GateKeeper");
-            soft_device.reset(new SoftGateKeeperDevice());
+        if (!hw_device) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Could not find Gatekeeper device, which makes me very sad.";
         }
     }
 
@@ -92,7 +95,7 @@
 
         if (mark_cold_boot() && !is_running_gsi) {
             ALOGI("cold boot: clearing state");
-            if (hw_device != nullptr) {
+            if (hw_device) {
                 hw_device->deleteAllUsers([](const GatekeeperResponse &){});
             }
         }
@@ -154,16 +157,16 @@
         return uid;
     }
 
-    virtual int enroll(uint32_t uid,
-            const uint8_t *current_password_handle, uint32_t current_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *current_password, uint32_t current_password_length,
-            const uint8_t *desired_password, uint32_t desired_password_length,
-            uint8_t **enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t *enrolled_password_handle_length) {
+#define GK_ERROR *gkResponse = GKResponse::error(), Status::ok()
+
+    Status enroll(int32_t uid, const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>& currentPasswordHandle,
+                  const std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>& currentPassword,
+                  const std::vector<uint8_t>& desiredPassword, GKResponse* gkResponse) override {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         const int calling_pid = ipc->getCallingPid();
         const int calling_uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
         if (!PermissionCache::checkPermission(KEYGUARD_PERMISSION, calling_pid, calling_uid)) {
-            return PERMISSION_DENIED;
+            return GK_ERROR;
         }
 
         // Make sure to clear any state from before factory reset as soon as a credential is
@@ -171,226 +174,189 @@
         clear_state_if_needed();
 
         // need a desired password to enroll
-        if (desired_password_length == 0) return -EINVAL;
+        if (desiredPassword.size() == 0) return GK_ERROR;
 
-        int ret;
-        if (hw_device != nullptr) {
-            const gatekeeper::password_handle_t *handle =
-                    reinterpret_cast<const gatekeeper::password_handle_t *>(current_password_handle);
+        if (!hw_device) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "has no HAL to talk to";
+            return GK_ERROR;
+        }
 
-            if (handle != NULL && handle->version != 0 && !handle->hardware_backed) {
-                // handle is being re-enrolled from a software version. HAL probably won't accept
-                // the handle as valid, so we nullify it and enroll from scratch
-                current_password_handle = NULL;
-                current_password_handle_length = 0;
-                current_password = NULL;
-                current_password_length = 0;
+        android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> curPwdHandle;
+        android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> curPwd;
+
+        if (currentPasswordHandle && currentPassword) {
+            if (currentPasswordHandle->size() != sizeof(gatekeeper::password_handle_t)) {
+                LOG(INFO) << "Password handle has wrong length";
+                return GK_ERROR;
             }
+            curPwdHandle.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(currentPasswordHandle->data()),
+                                       currentPasswordHandle->size());
+            curPwd.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(currentPassword->data()),
+                                 currentPassword->size());
+        }
 
-            android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> curPwdHandle;
-            curPwdHandle.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(current_password_handle),
-                                       current_password_handle_length);
-            android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> curPwd;
-            curPwd.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(current_password),
-                                 current_password_length);
-            android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> newPwd;
-            newPwd.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(desired_password),
-                                 desired_password_length);
+        android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> newPwd;
+        newPwd.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(desiredPassword.data()), desiredPassword.size());
 
-            uint32_t hw_uid = adjust_uid(uid);
-            Return<void> hwRes = hw_device->enroll(hw_uid, curPwdHandle, curPwd, newPwd,
-                              [&ret, enrolled_password_handle, enrolled_password_handle_length]
-                                   (const GatekeeperResponse &rsp) {
-                ret = static_cast<int>(rsp.code); // propagate errors
-                if (rsp.code >= GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_OK) {
-                    if (enrolled_password_handle != nullptr &&
-                        enrolled_password_handle_length != nullptr) {
-                        *enrolled_password_handle = new uint8_t[rsp.data.size()];
-                        *enrolled_password_handle_length = rsp.data.size();
-                        memcpy(*enrolled_password_handle, rsp.data.data(),
-                               *enrolled_password_handle_length);
+        uint32_t hw_uid = adjust_uid(uid);
+        Return<void> hwRes = hw_device->enroll(
+                hw_uid, curPwdHandle, curPwd, newPwd, [&gkResponse](const GatekeeperResponse& rsp) {
+                    if (rsp.code >= GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_OK) {
+                        *gkResponse = GKResponse::ok({rsp.data.begin(), rsp.data.end()});
+                    } else if (rsp.code == GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_RETRY_TIMEOUT &&
+                               rsp.timeout > 0) {
+                        *gkResponse = GKResponse::retry(rsp.timeout);
+                    } else {
+                        *gkResponse = GKResponse::error();
                     }
-                    ret = 0; // all success states are reported as 0
-                } else if (rsp.code == GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_RETRY_TIMEOUT && rsp.timeout > 0) {
-                    ret = rsp.timeout;
-                }
-            });
-            if (!hwRes.isOk()) {
-                ALOGE("enroll transaction failed\n");
-                ret = -1;
+                });
+        if (!hwRes.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "enroll transaction failed";
+            return GK_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        if (gkResponse->response_code() == GKResponseCode::OK && !gkResponse->should_reenroll()) {
+            if (gkResponse->payload().size() != sizeof(gatekeeper::password_handle_t)) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "HAL returned password handle of invalid length "
+                           << gkResponse->payload().size();
+                return GK_ERROR;
             }
-        } else {
-            ret = soft_device->enroll(uid,
-                    current_password_handle, current_password_handle_length,
-                    current_password, current_password_length,
-                    desired_password, desired_password_length,
-                    enrolled_password_handle, enrolled_password_handle_length);
-        }
 
-        if (ret == GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_OK && (*enrolled_password_handle == nullptr ||
-            *enrolled_password_handle_length != sizeof(password_handle_t))) {
-            ret = GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_ERROR;
-            ALOGE("HAL: password_handle=%p size_of_handle=%" PRIu32 "\n",
-                  *enrolled_password_handle, *enrolled_password_handle_length);
-        }
-
-        if (ret == GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_OK) {
-            gatekeeper::password_handle_t *handle =
-                    reinterpret_cast<gatekeeper::password_handle_t *>(*enrolled_password_handle);
+            const gatekeeper::password_handle_t* handle =
+                    reinterpret_cast<const gatekeeper::password_handle_t*>(
+                            gkResponse->payload().data());
             store_sid(uid, handle->user_id);
-            bool rr;
 
+            GKResponse verifyResponse;
             // immediately verify this password so we don't ask the user to enter it again
             // if they just created it.
-            verify(uid, *enrolled_password_handle, sizeof(password_handle_t), desired_password,
-                    desired_password_length, &rr);
+            auto status = verify(uid, gkResponse->payload(), desiredPassword, &verifyResponse);
+            if (!status.isOk() || verifyResponse.response_code() != GKResponseCode::OK) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to verify password after enrolling";
+            }
         }
 
-        return ret;
+        return Status::ok();
     }
 
-    virtual int verify(uint32_t uid,
-            const uint8_t *enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t enrolled_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *provided_password, uint32_t provided_password_length, bool *request_reenroll) {
-        uint8_t *auth_token = nullptr;
-        uint32_t auth_token_length;
-        int ret = verifyChallenge(uid, 0, enrolled_password_handle, enrolled_password_handle_length,
-                provided_password, provided_password_length,
-                &auth_token, &auth_token_length, request_reenroll);
-        delete [] auth_token;
-        return ret;
+    Status verify(int32_t uid, const ::std::vector<uint8_t>& enrolledPasswordHandle,
+                  const ::std::vector<uint8_t>& providedPassword, GKResponse* gkResponse) override {
+        return verifyChallenge(uid, 0 /* challenge */, enrolledPasswordHandle, providedPassword,
+                               gkResponse);
     }
 
-    virtual int verifyChallenge(uint32_t uid, uint64_t challenge,
-            const uint8_t *enrolled_password_handle, uint32_t enrolled_password_handle_length,
-            const uint8_t *provided_password, uint32_t provided_password_length,
-            uint8_t **auth_token, uint32_t *auth_token_length, bool *request_reenroll) {
+    Status verifyChallenge(int32_t uid, int64_t challenge,
+                           const std::vector<uint8_t>& enrolledPasswordHandle,
+                           const std::vector<uint8_t>& providedPassword,
+                           GKResponse* gkResponse) override {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         const int calling_pid = ipc->getCallingPid();
         const int calling_uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
         if (!PermissionCache::checkPermission(KEYGUARD_PERMISSION, calling_pid, calling_uid)) {
-            return PERMISSION_DENIED;
+            return GK_ERROR;
         }
 
         // can't verify if we're missing either param
-        if (enrolled_password_handle == nullptr || provided_password == nullptr ||
-            enrolled_password_handle_length == 0 || provided_password_length == 0)
-            return -EINVAL;
+        if (enrolledPasswordHandle.size() == 0 || providedPassword.size() == 0) return GK_ERROR;
 
-        int ret;
-        if (hw_device != nullptr) {
-            const gatekeeper::password_handle_t *handle =
-                    reinterpret_cast<const gatekeeper::password_handle_t *>(enrolled_password_handle);
-            // handle version 0 does not have hardware backed flag, and thus cannot be upgraded to
-            // a HAL if there was none before
-            if (handle->version == 0 || handle->hardware_backed) {
-                uint32_t hw_uid = adjust_uid(uid);
-                android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> curPwdHandle;
-                curPwdHandle.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(enrolled_password_handle),
-                                           enrolled_password_handle_length);
-                android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> enteredPwd;
-                enteredPwd.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(provided_password),
-                                         provided_password_length);
-                Return<void> hwRes = hw_device->verify(hw_uid, challenge, curPwdHandle, enteredPwd,
-                                        [&ret, request_reenroll, auth_token, auth_token_length]
-                                             (const GatekeeperResponse &rsp) {
-                    ret = static_cast<int>(rsp.code); // propagate errors
-                    if (auth_token != nullptr && auth_token_length != nullptr &&
-                        rsp.code >= GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_OK) {
-                        *auth_token = new uint8_t[rsp.data.size()];
-                        *auth_token_length = rsp.data.size();
-                        memcpy(*auth_token, rsp.data.data(), *auth_token_length);
-                        if (request_reenroll != nullptr) {
-                            *request_reenroll = (rsp.code == GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_REENROLL);
-                        }
-                        ret = 0; // all success states are reported as 0
-                    } else if (rsp.code == GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_RETRY_TIMEOUT &&
-                               rsp.timeout > 0) {
-                        ret = rsp.timeout;
+        if (!hw_device) return GK_ERROR;
+
+        if (enrolledPasswordHandle.size() != sizeof(gatekeeper::password_handle_t)) {
+            LOG(INFO) << "Password handle has wrong length";
+            return GK_ERROR;
+        }
+        const gatekeeper::password_handle_t* handle =
+                reinterpret_cast<const gatekeeper::password_handle_t*>(
+                        enrolledPasswordHandle.data());
+
+        uint32_t hw_uid = adjust_uid(uid);
+        android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> curPwdHandle;
+        curPwdHandle.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(enrolledPasswordHandle.data()),
+                                   enrolledPasswordHandle.size());
+        android::hardware::hidl_vec<uint8_t> enteredPwd;
+        enteredPwd.setToExternal(const_cast<uint8_t*>(providedPassword.data()),
+                                 providedPassword.size());
+
+        Return<void> hwRes = hw_device->verify(
+                hw_uid, challenge, curPwdHandle, enteredPwd,
+                [&gkResponse](const GatekeeperResponse& rsp) {
+                    if (rsp.code >= GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_OK) {
+                        *gkResponse = GKResponse::ok(
+                                {rsp.data.begin(), rsp.data.end()},
+                                rsp.code == GatekeeperStatusCode::STATUS_REENROLL /* reenroll */);
+                    } else if (rsp.code == GatekeeperStatusCode::ERROR_RETRY_TIMEOUT) {
+                        *gkResponse = GKResponse::retry(rsp.timeout);
+                    } else {
+                        *gkResponse = GKResponse::error();
                     }
                 });
-                if (!hwRes.isOk()) {
-                    ALOGE("verify transaction failed\n");
-                    ret = -1;
-                }
-            } else {
-                // upgrade scenario, a HAL has been added to this device where there was none before
-                SoftGateKeeperDevice soft_dev;
-                ret = soft_dev.verify(uid, challenge,
-                    enrolled_password_handle, enrolled_password_handle_length,
-                    provided_password, provided_password_length, auth_token, auth_token_length,
-                    request_reenroll);
 
-                if (ret == 0) {
-                    // success! re-enroll with HAL
-                    if (request_reenroll != nullptr) *request_reenroll = true;
+        if (!hwRes.isOk()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "verify transaction failed";
+            return GK_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        if (gkResponse->response_code() == GKResponseCode::OK) {
+            if (gkResponse->payload().size() != 0) {
+                sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
+                sp<IBinder> binder = sm->getService(String16("android.security.keystore"));
+                sp<security::keystore::IKeystoreService> service =
+                        interface_cast<security::keystore::IKeystoreService>(binder);
+
+                if (service) {
+                    int result = 0;
+                    auto binder_result = service->addAuthToken(gkResponse->payload(), &result);
+                    if (!binder_result.isOk() ||
+                        !keystore::KeyStoreServiceReturnCode(result).isOk()) {
+                        LOG(ERROR) << "Failure sending auth token to KeyStore: " << result;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot deliver auth token. Unable to communicate with Keystore.";
                 }
             }
-        } else {
-            ret = soft_device->verify(uid, challenge,
-                enrolled_password_handle, enrolled_password_handle_length,
-                provided_password, provided_password_length, auth_token, auth_token_length,
-                request_reenroll);
+
+            maybe_store_sid(uid, handle->user_id);
         }
 
-        if (ret == 0 && *auth_token != NULL && *auth_token_length > 0) {
-            // TODO: cache service?
-            sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
-            sp<IBinder> binder = sm->getService(String16("android.security.keystore"));
-            sp<security::keystore::IKeystoreService> service =
-                    interface_cast<security::keystore::IKeystoreService>(binder);
-            if (service != NULL) {
-                std::vector<uint8_t> auth_token_vector(*auth_token,
-                                                       (*auth_token) + *auth_token_length);
-                int result = 0;
-                auto binder_result = service->addAuthToken(auth_token_vector, &result);
-                if (!binder_result.isOk() || !keystore::KeyStoreServiceReturnCode(result).isOk()) {
-                    ALOGE("Failure sending auth token to KeyStore: %" PRId32, result);
-                }
-            } else {
-                ALOGE("Unable to communicate with KeyStore");
-            }
-        }
-
-        if (ret == 0) {
-            maybe_store_sid(uid, reinterpret_cast<const gatekeeper::password_handle_t *>(
-                        enrolled_password_handle)->user_id);
-        }
-
-        return ret;
+        return Status::ok();
     }
 
-    virtual uint64_t getSecureUserId(uint32_t uid) { return read_sid(uid); }
+    Status getSecureUserId(int32_t uid, int64_t* sid) override {
+        *sid = read_sid(uid);
+        return Status::ok();
+    }
 
-    virtual void clearSecureUserId(uint32_t uid) {
+    Status clearSecureUserId(int32_t uid) override {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         const int calling_pid = ipc->getCallingPid();
         const int calling_uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
         if (!PermissionCache::checkPermission(KEYGUARD_PERMISSION, calling_pid, calling_uid)) {
             ALOGE("%s: permission denied for [%d:%d]", __func__, calling_pid, calling_uid);
-            return;
+            return Status::ok();
         }
         clear_sid(uid);
 
-        if (hw_device != nullptr) {
+        if (hw_device) {
             uint32_t hw_uid = adjust_uid(uid);
             hw_device->deleteUser(hw_uid, [] (const GatekeeperResponse &){});
         }
+        return Status::ok();
     }
 
-    virtual void reportDeviceSetupComplete() {
+    Status reportDeviceSetupComplete() override {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         const int calling_pid = ipc->getCallingPid();
         const int calling_uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
         if (!PermissionCache::checkPermission(KEYGUARD_PERMISSION, calling_pid, calling_uid)) {
             ALOGE("%s: permission denied for [%d:%d]", __func__, calling_pid, calling_uid);
-            return;
+            return Status::ok();
         }
 
         clear_state_if_needed();
+        return Status::ok();
     }
 
-    virtual status_t dump(int fd, const Vector<String16> &) {
+    status_t dump(int fd, const Vector<String16>&) override {
         IPCThreadState* ipc = IPCThreadState::self();
         const int pid = ipc->getCallingPid();
         const int uid = ipc->getCallingUid();
@@ -411,7 +377,6 @@
 
 private:
     sp<IGatekeeper> hw_device;
-    std::unique_ptr<SoftGateKeeperDevice> soft_device;
 
     bool clear_state_if_needed_done;
     bool is_running_gsi;
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/include/gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.h b/gatekeeperd/include/gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99fff02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gatekeeperd/include/gatekeeper/GateKeeperResponse.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+**
+** Copyright 2019, The Android Open Source Project
+**
+** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+** You may obtain a copy of the License at
+**
+**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+**
+** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+** limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+#ifndef GATEKEEPERD_INCLUDE_GATEKEEPER_GATEKEEPERRESPONSE_H_
+#define GATEKEEPERD_INCLUDE_GATEKEEPER_GATEKEEPERRESPONSE_H_
+
+#include <binder/Parcelable.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace service {
+namespace gatekeeper {
+
+enum class ResponseCode : int32_t {
+    ERROR = -1,
+    OK = 0,
+    RETRY = 1,
+};
+
+class GateKeeperResponse : public ::android::Parcelable {
+    GateKeeperResponse(ResponseCode response_code, int32_t timeout = 0,
+                       std::vector<uint8_t> payload = {}, bool should_reenroll = false)
+        : response_code_(response_code),
+          timeout_(timeout),
+          payload_(std::move(payload)),
+          should_reenroll_(should_reenroll) {}
+
+  public:
+    GateKeeperResponse() = default;
+    GateKeeperResponse(GateKeeperResponse&&) = default;
+    GateKeeperResponse(const GateKeeperResponse&) = default;
+    GateKeeperResponse& operator=(GateKeeperResponse&&) = default;
+
+    static GateKeeperResponse error() { return GateKeeperResponse(ResponseCode::ERROR); }
+    static GateKeeperResponse retry(int32_t timeout) {
+        return GateKeeperResponse(ResponseCode::RETRY, timeout);
+    }
+    static GateKeeperResponse ok(std::vector<uint8_t> payload, bool reenroll = false) {
+        return GateKeeperResponse(ResponseCode::OK, 0, std::move(payload), reenroll);
+    }
+
+    status_t readFromParcel(const Parcel* in) override;
+    status_t writeToParcel(Parcel* out) const override;
+
+    const std::vector<uint8_t>& payload() const { return payload_; }
+
+    void payload(std::vector<uint8_t> payload) { payload_ = payload; }
+
+    ResponseCode response_code() const { return response_code_; }
+
+    void response_code(ResponseCode response_code) { response_code_ = response_code; }
+
+    bool should_reenroll() const { return should_reenroll_; }
+
+    void should_reenroll(bool should_reenroll) { should_reenroll_ = should_reenroll; }
+
+    int32_t timeout() const { return timeout_; }
+
+    void timeout(int32_t timeout) { timeout_ = timeout; }
+
+  private:
+    ResponseCode response_code_;
+    int32_t timeout_;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> payload_;
+    bool should_reenroll_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace gatekeeper
+}  // namespace service
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // GATEKEEPERD_INCLUDE_GATEKEEPER_GATEKEEPERRESPONSE_H_
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/tests/Android.bp b/gatekeeperd/tests/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index d4cf93b..0000000
--- a/gatekeeperd/tests/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-//
-// Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-//
-
-cc_test {
-    name: "gatekeeperd-unit-tests",
-
-    cflags: [
-        "-g",
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wno-missing-field-initializers",
-    ],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libgatekeeper",
-        "libcrypto",
-        "libbase",
-    ],
-    static_libs: ["libscrypt_static"],
-    include_dirs: ["external/scrypt/lib/crypto"],
-    srcs: ["gatekeeper_test.cpp"],
-}
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/tests/gatekeeper_test.cpp b/gatekeeperd/tests/gatekeeper_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 100375f..0000000
--- a/gatekeeperd/tests/gatekeeper_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,204 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <iostream>
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <hardware/hw_auth_token.h>
-
-#include "../SoftGateKeeper.h"
-
-using ::gatekeeper::SizedBuffer;
-using ::testing::Test;
-using ::gatekeeper::EnrollRequest;
-using ::gatekeeper::EnrollResponse;
-using ::gatekeeper::VerifyRequest;
-using ::gatekeeper::VerifyResponse;
-using ::gatekeeper::SoftGateKeeper;
-using ::gatekeeper::secure_id_t;
-
-static void do_enroll(SoftGateKeeper &gatekeeper, EnrollResponse *response) {
-    SizedBuffer password;
-
-    password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    password.length = 16;
-    memset(password.buffer.get(), 0, 16);
-    EnrollRequest request(0, NULL, &password, NULL);
-
-    gatekeeper.Enroll(request, response);
-}
-
-TEST(GateKeeperTest, EnrollSuccess) {
-    SoftGateKeeper gatekeeper;
-    EnrollResponse response;
-    do_enroll(gatekeeper, &response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, response.error);
-}
-
-TEST(GateKeeperTest, EnrollBogusData) {
-    SoftGateKeeper gatekeeper;
-    SizedBuffer password;
-    EnrollResponse response;
-
-    EnrollRequest request(0, NULL, &password, NULL);
-
-    gatekeeper.Enroll(request, &response);
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_INVALID, response.error);
-}
-
-TEST(GateKeeperTest, VerifySuccess) {
-    SoftGateKeeper gatekeeper;
-    SizedBuffer provided_password;
-    EnrollResponse enroll_response;
-
-    provided_password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    provided_password.length = 16;
-    memset(provided_password.buffer.get(), 0, 16);
-
-    do_enroll(gatekeeper, &enroll_response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, enroll_response.error);
-    VerifyRequest request(0, 1, &enroll_response.enrolled_password_handle,
-            &provided_password);
-    VerifyResponse response;
-
-    gatekeeper.Verify(request, &response);
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, response.error);
-
-    hw_auth_token_t *auth_token =
-        reinterpret_cast<hw_auth_token_t *>(response.auth_token.buffer.get());
-
-    ASSERT_EQ((uint32_t) HW_AUTH_PASSWORD, ntohl(auth_token->authenticator_type));
-    ASSERT_EQ((uint64_t) 1, auth_token->challenge);
-    ASSERT_NE(~((uint32_t) 0), auth_token->timestamp);
-    ASSERT_NE((uint64_t) 0, auth_token->user_id);
-    ASSERT_NE((uint64_t) 0, auth_token->authenticator_id);
-}
-
-TEST(GateKeeperTest, TrustedReEnroll) {
-    SoftGateKeeper gatekeeper;
-    SizedBuffer provided_password;
-    EnrollResponse enroll_response;
-    SizedBuffer password_handle;
-
-    // do_enroll enrolls an all 0 password
-    provided_password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    provided_password.length = 16;
-    memset(provided_password.buffer.get(), 0, 16);
-    do_enroll(gatekeeper, &enroll_response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, enroll_response.error);
-
-    // keep a copy of the handle
-    password_handle.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[enroll_response.enrolled_password_handle.length]);
-    password_handle.length = enroll_response.enrolled_password_handle.length;
-    memcpy(password_handle.buffer.get(), enroll_response.enrolled_password_handle.buffer.get(),
-            password_handle.length);
-
-    // verify first password
-    VerifyRequest request(0, 0, &enroll_response.enrolled_password_handle,
-            &provided_password);
-    VerifyResponse response;
-    gatekeeper.Verify(request, &response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, response.error);
-    hw_auth_token_t *auth_token =
-        reinterpret_cast<hw_auth_token_t *>(response.auth_token.buffer.get());
-
-    secure_id_t secure_id = auth_token->user_id;
-
-    // enroll new password
-    provided_password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    provided_password.length = 16;
-    memset(provided_password.buffer.get(), 0, 16);
-    SizedBuffer password;
-    password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    memset(password.buffer.get(), 1, 16);
-    password.length = 16;
-    EnrollRequest enroll_request(0, &password_handle, &password, &provided_password);
-    gatekeeper.Enroll(enroll_request, &enroll_response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, enroll_response.error);
-
-    // verify new password
-    password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    memset(password.buffer.get(), 1, 16);
-    password.length = 16;
-    VerifyRequest new_request(0, 0, &enroll_response.enrolled_password_handle,
-            &password);
-    gatekeeper.Verify(new_request, &response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, response.error);
-    ASSERT_EQ(secure_id,
-        reinterpret_cast<hw_auth_token_t *>(response.auth_token.buffer.get())->user_id);
-}
-
-
-TEST(GateKeeperTest, UntrustedReEnroll) {
-    SoftGateKeeper gatekeeper;
-    SizedBuffer provided_password;
-    EnrollResponse enroll_response;
-
-    // do_enroll enrolls an all 0 password
-    provided_password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    provided_password.length = 16;
-    memset(provided_password.buffer.get(), 0, 16);
-    do_enroll(gatekeeper, &enroll_response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, enroll_response.error);
-
-    // verify first password
-    VerifyRequest request(0, 0, &enroll_response.enrolled_password_handle,
-            &provided_password);
-    VerifyResponse response;
-    gatekeeper.Verify(request, &response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, response.error);
-    hw_auth_token_t *auth_token =
-        reinterpret_cast<hw_auth_token_t *>(response.auth_token.buffer.get());
-
-    secure_id_t secure_id = auth_token->user_id;
-
-    // enroll new password
-    SizedBuffer password;
-    password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    memset(password.buffer.get(), 1, 16);
-    password.length = 16;
-    EnrollRequest enroll_request(0, NULL, &password, NULL);
-    gatekeeper.Enroll(enroll_request, &enroll_response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, enroll_response.error);
-
-    // verify new password
-    password.buffer.reset(new uint8_t[16]);
-    memset(password.buffer.get(), 1, 16);
-    password.length = 16;
-    VerifyRequest new_request(0, 0, &enroll_response.enrolled_password_handle,
-            &password);
-    gatekeeper.Verify(new_request, &response);
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_NONE, response.error);
-    ASSERT_NE(secure_id,
-        reinterpret_cast<hw_auth_token_t *>(response.auth_token.buffer.get())->user_id);
-}
-
-
-TEST(GateKeeperTest, VerifyBogusData) {
-    SoftGateKeeper gatekeeper;
-    SizedBuffer provided_password;
-    SizedBuffer password_handle;
-    VerifyResponse response;
-
-    VerifyRequest request(0, 0, &provided_password, &password_handle);
-
-    gatekeeper.Verify(request, &response);
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(::gatekeeper::gatekeeper_error_t::ERROR_INVALID, response.error);
-}