diff --git a/TEST_MAPPING b/TEST_MAPPING
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9c3b4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/TEST_MAPPING
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+  "presubmit": [
+    {
+      "name": "adbd_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "debuggerd_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "init_tests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "libbase_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "libprocinfo_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "memunreachable_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "memunreachable_binder_test"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "propertyinfoserializer_tests"
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "ziparchive-tests"
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/adb/Android.bp b/adb/Android.bp
index 1469e77..36bfad4 100644
--- a/adb/Android.bp
+++ b/adb/Android.bp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
         "-Wno-missing-field-initializers",
         "-Wvla",
     ],
-    rtti: true,
+    cpp_std: "experimental",
 
     use_version_lib: true,
 
@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@
 
     target: {
         android: {
-            cflags: ["-DADB_HOST=0"],
+            cflags: [
+                "-DADB_HOST=0",
+                "-Wthread-safety",
+            ],
         },
 
         host: {
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@
                 "-DUNICODE=1",
                 "-D_UNICODE=1",
 
-                // -std=gnu++11 doesn't set _GNU_SOURCE on Windows.
+                // Unlike on Linux, -std=gnu++ doesn't set _GNU_SOURCE on Windows.
                 "-D_GNU_SOURCE",
 
                 // MinGW hides some things behind _POSIX_SOURCE.
@@ -277,6 +280,19 @@
     // will violate ODR
     shared_libs: [],
 
+    required: [
+        "deploypatchgenerator",
+    ],
+
+    // Archive adb, adb.exe.
+    dist: {
+        targets: [
+            "dist_files",
+            "sdk",
+            "win_sdk",
+        ],
+    },
+
     target: {
         darwin: {
             cflags: [
@@ -307,6 +323,8 @@
         "daemon/auth.cpp",
         "daemon/jdwp_service.cpp",
         "daemon/usb.cpp",
+        "daemon/usb_ffs.cpp",
+        "daemon/usb_legacy.cpp",
     ],
 
     local_include_dirs: [
@@ -337,6 +355,7 @@
     compile_multilib: "both",
 
     srcs: [
+        "daemon/abb_service.cpp",
         "daemon/file_sync_service.cpp",
         "daemon/framebuffer_service.cpp",
         "daemon/mdns.cpp",
@@ -357,10 +376,6 @@
         "libavb_user",
         "libdiagnose_usb",
         "libqemu_pipe",
-
-        // `daemon/shell_service.cpp` uses selinux_android_setcon(), which is not exposed by
-        // libselinux.
-        "libselinux",
     ],
 
     shared_libs: [
@@ -375,7 +390,16 @@
         "libfs_mgr",
         "liblog",
         "libmdnssd",
+        "libselinux",
     ],
+
+    target: {
+        recovery: {
+            exclude_srcs: [
+                "daemon/abb_service.cpp",
+            ],
+        },
+    },
 }
 
 cc_library {
@@ -440,6 +464,40 @@
     ],
 }
 
+cc_binary {
+    name: "abb",
+
+    defaults: ["adb_defaults"],
+    recovery_available: false,
+
+    srcs: [
+        "daemon/abb.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-D_GNU_SOURCE",
+        "-Wno-deprecated-declarations",
+    ],
+
+    strip: {
+        keep_symbols: true,
+    },
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "libadbd_core",
+        "libadbd_services",
+        "libcmd",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libbinder",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+        "libselinux",
+    ],
+}
+
 cc_test {
     name: "adbd_test",
     defaults: ["adb_defaults"],
@@ -485,7 +543,7 @@
     },
 }
 
-python_binary_host {
+python_test_host {
     name: "adb_integration_test_device",
     main: "test_device.py",
     srcs: [
@@ -494,6 +552,8 @@
     libs: [
         "adb_py",
     ],
+    test_config: "adb_integration_test_device.xml",
+    test_suites: ["general-tests"],
     version: {
         py2: {
             enabled: true,
diff --git a/adb/Android.mk b/adb/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 8b2d558..0000000
--- a/adb/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
-
-# Archive adb, adb.exe.
-$(call dist-for-goals,dist_files sdk win_sdk,$(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/adb)
-
-ifdef HOST_CROSS_OS
-$(call dist-for-goals,dist_files sdk win_sdk,$(ALL_MODULES.host_cross_adb.BUILT))
-endif
diff --git a/adb/NOTICE b/adb/NOTICE
index ff47c95..9ffcc08 100644
--- a/adb/NOTICE
+++ b/adb/NOTICE
@@ -189,63 +189,3 @@
 
    END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
 
-------------------------------------------------------------
-libwinpthread license:
-------------------------------------------------------------
-Copyright (c) 2011 mingw-w64 project
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
-copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
-to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
-the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
-and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
-Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
-FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
-DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-
-
-/*
- * Parts of this library are derived by:
- *
- * Posix Threads library for Microsoft Windows
- *
- * Use at own risk, there is no implied warranty to this code.
- * It uses undocumented features of Microsoft Windows that can change
- * at any time in the future.
- *
- * (C) 2010 Lockless Inc.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
- * are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
- *
- *
- *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
- *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
- *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
- *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- *  * Neither the name of Lockless Inc. nor the names of its contributors may be
- *    used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
- *    specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AN
- * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
- * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
- * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
- * INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
- * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
- * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
- * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE
- * OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
- * OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
diff --git a/adb/adb.cpp b/adb/adb.cpp
index 791899e..06e4c50 100644
--- a/adb/adb.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb.cpp
@@ -73,39 +73,6 @@
         android::base::GetExecutablePath().c_str());
 }
 
-void fatal(const char *fmt, ...) {
-    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, fmt);
-    char buf[1024];
-    vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
-
-#if ADB_HOST
-    fprintf(stderr, "error: %s\n", buf);
-#else
-    LOG(ERROR) << "error: " << buf;
-#endif
-
-    va_end(ap);
-    abort();
-}
-
-void fatal_errno(const char* fmt, ...) {
-    int err = errno;
-    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, fmt);
-    char buf[1024];
-    vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, ap);
-
-#if ADB_HOST
-    fprintf(stderr, "error: %s: %s\n", buf, strerror(err));
-#else
-    LOG(ERROR) << "error: " << buf << ": " << strerror(err);
-#endif
-
-    va_end(ap);
-    abort();
-}
-
 uint32_t calculate_apacket_checksum(const apacket* p) {
     uint32_t sum = 0;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < p->msg.data_length; ++i) {
@@ -118,7 +85,7 @@
 {
     apacket* p = new apacket();
     if (p == nullptr) {
-      fatal("failed to allocate an apacket");
+        LOG(FATAL) << "failed to allocate an apacket";
     }
 
     memset(&p->msg, 0, sizeof(p->msg));
@@ -390,9 +357,14 @@
 
     case A_OPEN: /* OPEN(local-id, 0, "destination") */
         if (t->online && p->msg.arg0 != 0 && p->msg.arg1 == 0) {
-            // TODO: Switch to string_view.
-            std::string address(p->payload.begin(), p->payload.end());
-            asocket* s = create_local_service_socket(address.c_str(), t);
+            std::string_view address(p->payload.begin(), p->payload.size());
+
+            // Historically, we received service names as a char*, and stopped at the first NUL
+            // byte. The client sent strings with null termination, which post-string_view, start
+            // being interpreted as part of the string, unless we explicitly strip them.
+            address = StripTrailingNulls(address);
+
+            asocket* s = create_local_service_socket(address, t);
             if (s == nullptr) {
                 send_close(0, p->msg.arg0, t);
             } else {
@@ -633,11 +605,11 @@
     fprintf(stderr, "Full server startup log: %s\n", GetLogFilePath().c_str());
     fprintf(stderr, "Server had pid: %d\n", pid);
 
-    unique_fd fd(adb_open(GetLogFilePath().c_str(), O_RDONLY));
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(unix_open(GetLogFilePath(), O_RDONLY));
     if (fd == -1) return;
 
     // Let's not show more than 128KiB of log...
-    adb_lseek(fd, -128 * 1024, SEEK_END);
+    unix_lseek(fd, -128 * 1024, SEEK_END);
     std::string content;
     if (!android::base::ReadFdToString(fd, &content)) return;
 
@@ -827,7 +799,7 @@
                 memcmp(temp, expected, expected_length) == 0) {
                 got_ack = true;
             } else {
-                ReportServerStartupFailure(GetProcessId(process_handle.get()));
+                ReportServerStartupFailure(pinfo.dwProcessId);
                 return -1;
             }
         } else {
diff --git a/adb/adb.h b/adb/adb.h
index f434e2d..d79cd2d 100644
--- a/adb/adb.h
+++ b/adb/adb.h
@@ -124,9 +124,6 @@
 
 void print_packet(const char* label, apacket* p);
 
-void fatal(const char* fmt, ...) __attribute__((noreturn, format(__printf__, 1, 2)));
-void fatal_errno(const char* fmt, ...) __attribute__((noreturn, format(__printf__, 1, 2)));
-
 void handle_packet(apacket* p, atransport* t);
 
 int launch_server(const std::string& socket_spec);
@@ -142,9 +139,9 @@
 atransport* find_emulator_transport_by_console_port(int console_port);
 #endif
 
-int service_to_fd(const char* name, atransport* transport);
+int service_to_fd(std::string_view name, atransport* transport);
 #if !ADB_HOST
-unique_fd daemon_service_to_fd(const char* name, atransport* transport);
+unique_fd daemon_service_to_fd(std::string_view name, atransport* transport);
 #endif
 
 #if ADB_HOST
@@ -152,6 +149,14 @@
 #endif
 
 #if !ADB_HOST
+asocket* daemon_service_to_socket(std::string_view name);
+#endif
+
+#if !ADB_HOST
+unique_fd execute_binder_command(std::string_view command);
+#endif
+
+#if !ADB_HOST
 int init_jdwp(void);
 asocket* create_jdwp_service_socket();
 asocket* create_jdwp_tracker_service_socket();
@@ -201,6 +206,9 @@
 
 #define CHUNK_SIZE (64 * 1024)
 
+// Argument delimeter for adb abb command.
+#define ABB_ARG_DELIMETER ('\0')
+
 #if !ADB_HOST
 #define USB_FFS_ADB_PATH "/dev/usb-ffs/adb/"
 #define USB_FFS_ADB_EP(x) USB_FFS_ADB_PATH #x
diff --git a/adb/adb_auth.h b/adb/adb_auth.h
index 715e04f..2fc8478 100644
--- a/adb/adb_auth.h
+++ b/adb/adb_auth.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
 void adb_auth_init();
 
 int adb_auth_keygen(const char* filename);
+int adb_auth_pubkey(const char* filename);
 std::string adb_auth_get_userkey();
 std::deque<std::shared_ptr<RSA>> adb_auth_get_private_keys();
 
diff --git a/adb/adb_integration_test_device.xml b/adb/adb_integration_test_device.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b892377
--- /dev/null
+++ b/adb/adb_integration_test_device.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Config to run adb integration tests for device">
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="adb_tests" />
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="adb_integration_device" />
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.SemaphoreTokenTargetPreparer">
+        <option name="disable" value="false" />
+    </target_preparer>
+
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.adb.AdbStopServerPreparer" />
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.python.PythonBinaryHostTest" >
+        <option name="par-file-name" value="adb_integration_test_device" />
+        <option name="inject-android-serial" value="true" />
+        <option name="test-timeout" value="2m" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
diff --git a/adb/adb_io.cpp b/adb/adb_io.cpp
index 6cc274b..605d27d 100644
--- a/adb/adb_io.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb_io.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@
 
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#if !ADB_HOST
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#endif
+
 #include <thread>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
@@ -38,7 +43,8 @@
 
     // The cost of sending two strings outweighs the cost of formatting.
     // "adb sync" performance is affected by this.
-    return WriteFdFmt(fd, "%04x%.*s", length, length, s.c_str());
+    auto str = android::base::StringPrintf("%04x", length).append(s);
+    return WriteFdExactly(fd, str);
 }
 
 bool ReadProtocolString(int fd, std::string* s, std::string* error) {
@@ -181,3 +187,79 @@
         return false;
     }
 }
+
+#if defined(__linux__)
+bool SendFileDescriptor(int socket_fd, int fd) {
+    struct msghdr msg;
+    struct iovec iov;
+    char dummy = '!';
+    union {
+        cmsghdr cm;
+        char buffer[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
+    } cm_un;
+
+    iov.iov_base = &dummy;
+    iov.iov_len = 1;
+    msg.msg_name = nullptr;
+    msg.msg_namelen = 0;
+    msg.msg_iov = &iov;
+    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
+    msg.msg_flags = 0;
+    msg.msg_control = cm_un.buffer;
+    msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(cm_un.buffer);
+
+    cmsghdr* cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
+    cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
+    cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
+    cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
+    ((int*)CMSG_DATA(cmsg))[0] = fd;
+
+    int ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(sendmsg(socket_fd, &msg, 0));
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        D("sending file descriptor via socket %d failed: %s", socket_fd, strerror(errno));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    D("sent file descriptor %d to via socket %d", fd, socket_fd);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ReceiveFileDescriptor(int socket_fd, unique_fd* fd, std::string* error) {
+    char dummy = '!';
+    union {
+        cmsghdr cm;
+        char buffer[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))];
+    } cm_un;
+
+    iovec iov;
+    iov.iov_base = &dummy;
+    iov.iov_len = 1;
+
+    msghdr msg;
+    msg.msg_name = nullptr;
+    msg.msg_namelen = 0;
+    msg.msg_iov = &iov;
+    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
+    msg.msg_flags = 0;
+    msg.msg_control = cm_un.buffer;
+    msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(cm_un.buffer);
+
+    cmsghdr* cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
+    cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
+    cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
+    cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
+    ((int*)(CMSG_DATA(cmsg)))[0] = -1;
+
+    int rc = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(recvmsg(socket_fd, &msg, 0));
+    if (rc <= 0) {
+        *error = perror_str("receiving file descriptor via socket failed");
+        D("receiving file descriptor via socket %d failed: %s", socket_fd, strerror(errno));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    fd->reset(((int*)(CMSG_DATA(cmsg)))[0]);
+    D("received file descriptor %d to via socket %d", fd->get(), socket_fd);
+
+    return true;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/adb/adb_io.h b/adb/adb_io.h
index aa550af..2ccaa32 100644
--- a/adb/adb_io.h
+++ b/adb/adb_io.h
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
+#include "adb_unique_fd.h"
+
 // Sends the protocol "OKAY" message.
 bool SendOkay(int fd);
 
@@ -73,4 +75,12 @@
 // Same as above, but formats the string to send.
 bool WriteFdFmt(int fd, const char* fmt, ...) __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, 2, 3)));
 
+#if !ADB_HOST
+// Sends an FD via Unix domain socket.
+bool SendFileDescriptor(int socket_fd, int fd);
+
+// Receives an FD via Unix domain socket.
+bool ReceiveFileDescriptor(int socket_fd, unique_fd* fd, std::string* error);
+#endif
+
 #endif /* ADB_IO_H */
diff --git a/adb/adb_io_test.cpp b/adb/adb_io_test.cpp
index 611b239..91b73a9 100644
--- a/adb/adb_io_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb_io_test.cpp
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 
 // All of these tests fail on Windows because they use the C Runtime open(),
 // but the adb_io APIs expect file descriptors from adb_open(). This could
diff --git a/adb/adb_listeners.cpp b/adb/adb_listeners.cpp
index f4a92e3..be457a6 100644
--- a/adb/adb_listeners.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb_listeners.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <list>
+#include <memory>
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
@@ -29,7 +30,6 @@
 
 #include "socket_spec.h"
 #include "sysdeps.h"
-#include "sysdeps/memory.h"
 #include "transport.h"
 
 // A listener is an entity which binds to a local port and, upon receiving a connection on that
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
         s = create_local_socket(fd);
         if (s) {
             s->transport = listener->transport;
-            connect_to_remote(s, listener->connect_to.c_str());
+            connect_to_remote(s, listener->connect_to);
             return;
         }
 
diff --git a/adb/adb_trace.cpp b/adb/adb_trace.cpp
index a8ec5fb..2bd6a3e 100644
--- a/adb/adb_trace.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb_trace.cpp
@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@
                const char* tag, const char* file, unsigned int line,
                const char* message) {
     android::base::StderrLogger(id, severity, tag, file, line, message);
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    // stderr can be buffered on Windows (and setvbuf doesn't seem to work), so explicitly flush.
+    fflush(stderr);
+#endif
+
 #if !ADB_HOST
     // Only print logs of INFO or higher to logcat, so that `adb logcat` with adbd tracing on
     // doesn't result in exponential logging.
@@ -67,8 +72,7 @@
 }
 
 void start_device_log(void) {
-    int fd = unix_open(get_log_file_name().c_str(),
-                       O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0640);
+    int fd = unix_open(get_log_file_name(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0640);
     if (fd == -1) {
         return;
     }
diff --git a/adb/adb_utils.cpp b/adb/adb_utils.cpp
index ffac315..6960345 100644
--- a/adb/adb_utils.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb_utils.cpp
@@ -49,19 +49,19 @@
 
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
-constexpr char kNullFileName[] = "NUL";
+static constexpr char kNullFileName[] = "NUL";
 #else
-constexpr char kNullFileName[] = "/dev/null";
+static constexpr char kNullFileName[] = "/dev/null";
 #endif
 
 void close_stdin() {
     int fd = unix_open(kNullFileName, O_RDONLY);
     if (fd == -1) {
-        fatal_errno("failed to open %s", kNullFileName);
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to open " << kNullFileName;
     }
 
     if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO)) == -1) {
-        fatal_errno("failed to redirect stdin to %s", kNullFileName);
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to redirect stdin to " << kNullFileName;
     }
     unix_close(fd);
 }
@@ -186,6 +186,48 @@
     return line;
 }
 
+std::string dump_header(const amessage* msg) {
+    unsigned command = msg->command;
+    int len = msg->data_length;
+    char cmd[9];
+    char arg0[12], arg1[12];
+    int n;
+
+    for (n = 0; n < 4; n++) {
+        int b = (command >> (n * 8)) & 255;
+        if (b < 32 || b >= 127) break;
+        cmd[n] = (char)b;
+    }
+    if (n == 4) {
+        cmd[4] = 0;
+    } else {
+        // There is some non-ASCII name in the command, so dump the hexadecimal value instead
+        snprintf(cmd, sizeof cmd, "%08x", command);
+    }
+
+    if (msg->arg0 < 256U)
+        snprintf(arg0, sizeof arg0, "%d", msg->arg0);
+    else
+        snprintf(arg0, sizeof arg0, "0x%x", msg->arg0);
+
+    if (msg->arg1 < 256U)
+        snprintf(arg1, sizeof arg1, "%d", msg->arg1);
+    else
+        snprintf(arg1, sizeof arg1, "0x%x", msg->arg1);
+
+    return android::base::StringPrintf("[%s] arg0=%s arg1=%s (len=%d) ", cmd, arg0, arg1, len);
+}
+
+std::string dump_packet(const char* name, const char* func, const apacket* p) {
+    std::string result = name;
+    result += ": ";
+    result += func;
+    result += ": ";
+    result += dump_header(&p->msg);
+    result += dump_hex(p->payload.data(), p->payload.size());
+    return result;
+}
+
 std::string perror_str(const char* msg) {
     return android::base::StringPrintf("%s: %s", msg, strerror(errno));
 }
@@ -251,6 +293,9 @@
     struct passwd pwent;
     struct passwd* result;
     int pwent_max = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
+    if (pwent_max == -1) {
+        pwent_max = 16384;
+    }
     std::vector<char> buf(pwent_max);
     int rc = getpwuid_r(getuid(), &pwent, buf.data(), buf.size(), &result);
     if (rc == 0 && result) {
@@ -274,18 +319,6 @@
     return android_dir;
 }
 
-int syntax_error(const char* fmt, ...) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "adb: usage: ");
-
-    va_list ap;
-    va_start(ap, fmt);
-    vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
-    va_end(ap);
-
-    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-    return 1;
-}
-
 std::string GetLogFilePath() {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
     const char log_name[] = "adb.log";
@@ -295,13 +328,13 @@
     DWORD nchars = GetTempPathW(arraysize(temp_path), temp_path);
     if (nchars >= arraysize(temp_path) || nchars == 0) {
         // If string truncation or some other error.
-        fatal("cannot retrieve temporary file path: %s\n",
-              android::base::SystemErrorCodeToString(GetLastError()).c_str());
+        LOG(FATAL) << "cannot retrieve temporary file path: "
+                   << android::base::SystemErrorCodeToString(GetLastError());
     }
 
     std::string temp_path_utf8;
     if (!android::base::WideToUTF8(temp_path, &temp_path_utf8)) {
-        fatal_errno("cannot convert temporary file path from UTF-16 to UTF-8");
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "cannot convert temporary file path from UTF-16 to UTF-8";
     }
 
     return temp_path_utf8 + log_name;
@@ -311,3 +344,33 @@
     return android::base::StringPrintf("%s/adb.%u.log", tmp_dir, getuid());
 #endif
 }
+
+[[noreturn]] static void error_exit_va(int error, const char* fmt, va_list va) {
+    fflush(stdout);
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", android::base::Basename(android::base::GetExecutablePath()).c_str());
+
+    vfprintf(stderr, fmt, va);
+
+    if (error != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, ": %s", strerror(error));
+    }
+
+    putc('\n', stderr);
+    fflush(stderr);
+
+    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+void error_exit(const char* fmt, ...) {
+    va_list va;
+    va_start(va, fmt);
+    error_exit_va(0, fmt, va);
+    va_end(va);
+}
+
+void perror_exit(const char* fmt, ...) {
+    va_list va;
+    va_start(va, fmt);
+    error_exit_va(errno, fmt, va);
+    va_end(va);
+}
diff --git a/adb/adb_utils.h b/adb/adb_utils.h
index f764a0e..8253487 100644
--- a/adb/adb_utils.h
+++ b/adb/adb_utils.h
@@ -14,17 +14,18 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _ADB_UTILS_H_
-#define _ADB_UTILS_H_
+#pragma once
 
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
 
-int syntax_error(const char*, ...);
+#include "adb.h"
 
 void close_stdin();
 
@@ -42,12 +43,17 @@
 std::string escape_arg(const std::string& s);
 
 std::string dump_hex(const void* ptr, size_t byte_count);
+std::string dump_header(const amessage* msg);
+std::string dump_packet(const char* name, const char* func, const apacket* p);
 
 std::string perror_str(const char* msg);
 
+[[noreturn]] void error_exit(const char* fmt, ...) __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, 1, 2)));
+[[noreturn]] void perror_exit(const char* fmt, ...) __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, 1, 2)));
+
 bool set_file_block_mode(int fd, bool block);
 
-extern int adb_close(int fd);
+int adb_close(int fd);
 
 // Given forward/reverse targets, returns true if they look sane. If an error is found, fills
 // |error| and returns false.
@@ -91,4 +97,46 @@
 
 std::string GetLogFilePath();
 
-#endif
+inline std::string_view StripTrailingNulls(std::string_view str) {
+    size_t n = 0;
+    for (auto it = str.rbegin(); it != str.rend(); ++it) {
+        if (*it != '\0') {
+            break;
+        }
+        ++n;
+    }
+
+    str.remove_suffix(n);
+    return str;
+}
+
+// Base-10 stroll on a string_view.
+template <typename T>
+inline bool ParseUint(T* result, std::string_view str, std::string_view* remaining) {
+    if (str.empty() || !isdigit(str[0])) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    T value = 0;
+    std::string_view::iterator it;
+    constexpr T max = std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
+    for (it = str.begin(); it != str.end() && isdigit(*it); ++it) {
+        if (value > max / 10) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value *= 10;
+
+        T digit = *it - '0';
+        if (value > max - digit) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        value += digit;
+    }
+    *result = value;
+    if (remaining) {
+        *remaining = str.substr(it - str.begin());
+    }
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/adb/adb_utils_test.cpp b/adb/adb_utils_test.cpp
index 341323f..bb09425 100644
--- a/adb/adb_utils_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb_utils_test.cpp
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
 
 #include "sysdeps.h"
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
 static std::string subdir(const char* parent, const char* child) {
@@ -181,3 +181,48 @@
     EXPECT_FALSE(forward_targets_are_valid("tcp:8000", "tcp:a", &error));
     EXPECT_FALSE(forward_targets_are_valid("tcp:8000", "tcp:22x", &error));
 }
+
+void TestParseUint(std::string_view string, bool expected_success, uint32_t expected_value = 0) {
+    // Standalone.
+    {
+        uint32_t value;
+        std::string_view remaining;
+        bool success = ParseUint(&value, string, &remaining);
+        EXPECT_EQ(success, expected_success);
+        if (expected_success) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(value, expected_value);
+        }
+        EXPECT_TRUE(remaining.empty());
+    }
+
+    // With trailing text.
+    {
+        std::string text = std::string(string) + "foo";
+        uint32_t value;
+        std::string_view remaining;
+        bool success = ParseUint(&value, text, &remaining);
+        EXPECT_EQ(success, expected_success);
+        if (expected_success) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(value, expected_value);
+            EXPECT_EQ(remaining, "foo");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(adb_utils, ParseUint) {
+    TestParseUint("", false);
+    TestParseUint("foo", false);
+    TestParseUint("foo123", false);
+    TestParseUint("-1", false);
+
+    TestParseUint("123", true, 123);
+    TestParseUint("9999999999999999999999999", false);
+    TestParseUint(std::to_string(UINT32_MAX), true, UINT32_MAX);
+    TestParseUint("0" + std::to_string(UINT32_MAX), true, UINT32_MAX);
+    TestParseUint(std::to_string(static_cast<uint64_t>(UINT32_MAX) + 1), false);
+    TestParseUint("0" + std::to_string(static_cast<uint64_t>(UINT32_MAX) + 1), false);
+
+    std::string x = std::to_string(UINT32_MAX) + "123";
+    std::string_view substr = std::string_view(x).substr(0, std::to_string(UINT32_MAX).size());
+    TestParseUint(substr, true, UINT32_MAX);
+}
diff --git a/adb/benchmark_device.py b/adb/benchmark_device.py
index 00c2315..e56ef5a 100755
--- a/adb/benchmark_device.py
+++ b/adb/benchmark_device.py
@@ -60,8 +60,6 @@
     if device == None:
         device = adb.get_device()
 
-    lock_max(device)
-
     remote_path = "/dev/null"
     local_path = "/tmp/adb_benchmark_temp"
 
@@ -69,7 +67,7 @@
         f.truncate(file_size_mb * 1024 * 1024)
 
     speeds = list()
-    for _ in range(0, 5):
+    for _ in range(0, 10):
         begin = time.time()
         device.push(local=local_path, remote=remote_path)
         end = time.time()
@@ -81,15 +79,13 @@
     if device == None:
         device = adb.get_device()
 
-    lock_max(device)
-
     remote_path = "/data/local/tmp/adb_benchmark_temp"
     local_path = "/tmp/adb_benchmark_temp"
 
     device.shell(["dd", "if=/dev/zero", "of=" + remote_path, "bs=1m",
                   "count=" + str(file_size_mb)])
     speeds = list()
-    for _ in range(0, 5):
+    for _ in range(0, 10):
         begin = time.time()
         device.pull(remote=remote_path, local=local_path)
         end = time.time()
@@ -101,10 +97,8 @@
     if device == None:
         device = adb.get_device()
 
-    lock_max(device)
-
     speeds = list()
-    for _ in range(0, 5):
+    for _ in range(0, 10):
         begin = time.time()
         device.shell(["dd", "if=/dev/zero", "bs=1m",
                       "count=" + str(file_size_mb)])
@@ -114,7 +108,10 @@
     analyze("shell %dMiB" % file_size_mb, speeds)
 
 def main():
-    benchmark_pull()
+    device = adb.get_device()
+    unlock(device)
+    benchmark_push(device)
+    benchmark_pull(device)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()
diff --git a/adb/client/adb_client.cpp b/adb/client/adb_client.cpp
index 1959258..9a25d10 100644
--- a/adb/client/adb_client.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/adb_client.cpp
@@ -144,48 +144,51 @@
     }
 
     std::string reason;
-    int fd = socket_spec_connect(__adb_server_socket_spec, &reason);
-    if (fd < 0) {
+    unique_fd fd;
+    if (!socket_spec_connect(&fd, __adb_server_socket_spec, nullptr, nullptr, &reason)) {
         *error = android::base::StringPrintf("cannot connect to daemon at %s: %s",
                                              __adb_server_socket_spec, reason.c_str());
         return -2;
     }
 
-    if (memcmp(&service[0], "host", 4) != 0 && switch_socket_transport(fd, error)) {
+    if (memcmp(&service[0], "host", 4) != 0 && switch_socket_transport(fd.get(), error)) {
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (!SendProtocolString(fd, service)) {
+    if (!SendProtocolString(fd.get(), service)) {
         *error = perror_str("write failure during connection");
-        adb_close(fd);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    if (!adb_status(fd, error)) {
-        adb_close(fd);
+    if (!adb_status(fd.get(), error)) {
         return -1;
     }
 
-    D("_adb_connect: return fd %d", fd);
-    return fd;
+    D("_adb_connect: return fd %d", fd.get());
+    return fd.release();
 }
 
 bool adb_kill_server() {
     D("adb_kill_server");
     std::string reason;
-    int fd = socket_spec_connect(__adb_server_socket_spec, &reason);
-    if (fd < 0) {
+    unique_fd fd;
+    if (!socket_spec_connect(&fd, __adb_server_socket_spec, nullptr, nullptr, &reason)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "cannot connect to daemon at %s: %s\n", __adb_server_socket_spec,
                 reason.c_str());
         return true;
     }
 
-    if (!SendProtocolString(fd, "host:kill")) {
+    if (!SendProtocolString(fd.get(), "host:kill")) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: write failure during connection: %s\n", strerror(errno));
         return false;
     }
 
-    ReadOrderlyShutdown(fd);
+    // The server might send OKAY, so consume that.
+    char buf[4];
+    ReadFdExactly(fd.get(), buf, 4);
+    // Now that no more data is expected, wait for socket orderly shutdown or error, indicating
+    // server death.
+    ReadOrderlyShutdown(fd.get());
     return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/adb/client/adb_install.cpp b/adb/client/adb_install.cpp
index 95574ed..21e0874 100644
--- a/adb/client/adb_install.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/adb_install.cpp
@@ -14,40 +14,47 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#define TRACE_TAG ADB
+#include "adb_install.h"
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
 
 #include "adb.h"
 #include "adb_client.h"
-#include "adb_install.h"
+#include "adb_unique_fd.h"
 #include "adb_utils.h"
 #include "client/file_sync_client.h"
 #include "commandline.h"
 #include "fastdeploy.h"
 #include "sysdeps.h"
 
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
+static constexpr int kFastDeployMinApi = 24;
 
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <android-base/strings.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
-
-static bool _use_legacy_install() {
+static bool can_use_feature(const char* feature) {
     FeatureSet features;
     std::string error;
     if (!adb_get_feature_set(&features, &error)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: %s\n", error.c_str());
         return true;
     }
-    return !CanUseFeature(features, kFeatureCmd);
+    return CanUseFeature(features, feature);
+}
+
+static bool use_legacy_install() {
+    return !can_use_feature(kFeatureCmd);
+}
+
+static bool is_apex_supported() {
+    return can_use_feature(kFeatureApex);
 }
 
 static int pm_command(int argc, const char** argv) {
@@ -104,7 +111,7 @@
 }
 
 int uninstall_app(int argc, const char** argv) {
-    if (_use_legacy_install()) {
+    if (use_legacy_install()) {
         return uninstall_app_legacy(argc, argv);
     }
     return uninstall_app_streamed(argc, argv);
@@ -130,13 +137,26 @@
 }
 
 static int install_app_streamed(int argc, const char** argv, bool use_fastdeploy,
-                                bool use_localagent, const char* adb_path) {
+                                bool use_localagent) {
     printf("Performing Streamed Install\n");
 
     // The last argument must be the APK file
     const char* file = argv[argc - 1];
-    if (!android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apk")) {
-        return syntax_error("filename doesn't end .apk: %s", file);
+    if (!android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apk") &&
+        !android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apex")) {
+        error_exit("filename doesn't end .apk or .apex: %s", file);
+    }
+
+    bool is_apex = false;
+    if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apex")) {
+        is_apex = true;
+    }
+    if (is_apex && !is_apex_supported()) {
+        error_exit(".apex is not supported on the target device");
+    }
+
+    if (is_apex && use_fastdeploy) {
+        error_exit("--fastdeploy doesn't support .apex files");
     }
 
     if (use_fastdeploy == true) {
@@ -144,40 +164,16 @@
         TemporaryFile patchTmpFile;
 
         FILE* metadataFile = fopen(metadataTmpFile.path, "wb");
-        int metadata_len = extract_metadata(file, metadataFile);
+        extract_metadata(file, metadataFile);
         fclose(metadataFile);
 
-        int result = -1;
-        if (metadata_len <= 0) {
-            printf("failed to extract metadata %d\n", metadata_len);
-            return 1;
-        } else {
-            int create_patch_result = create_patch(file, metadataTmpFile.path, patchTmpFile.path,
-                                                   use_localagent, adb_path);
-            if (create_patch_result != 0) {
-                printf("Patch creation failure, error code: %d\n", create_patch_result);
-                result = create_patch_result;
-                goto cleanup_streamed_apk;
-            } else {
-                std::vector<const char*> pm_args;
-                // pass all but 1st (command) and last (apk path) parameters through to pm for
-                // session creation
-                for (int i = 1; i < argc - 1; i++) {
-                    pm_args.push_back(argv[i]);
-                }
-                int apply_patch_result =
-                        install_patch(file, patchTmpFile.path, pm_args.size(), pm_args.data());
-                if (apply_patch_result != 0) {
-                    printf("Patch application failure, error code: %d\n", apply_patch_result);
-                    result = apply_patch_result;
-                    goto cleanup_streamed_apk;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-    cleanup_streamed_apk:
+        create_patch(file, metadataTmpFile.path, patchTmpFile.path);
+        // pass all but 1st (command) and last (apk path) parameters through to pm for
+        // session creation
+        std::vector<const char*> pm_args{argv + 1, argv + argc - 1};
+        install_patch(file, patchTmpFile.path, pm_args.size(), pm_args.data());
         delete_device_patch_file(file);
-        return result;
+        return 0;
     } else {
         struct stat sb;
         if (stat(file, &sb) == -1) {
@@ -185,8 +181,8 @@
             return 1;
         }
 
-        int localFd = adb_open(file, O_RDONLY);
-        if (localFd < 0) {
+        unique_fd local_fd(adb_open(file, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
+        if (local_fd < 0) {
             fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to open %s: %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
             return 1;
         }
@@ -203,19 +199,19 @@
         // do last to override any user specified value
         cmd += " " + android::base::StringPrintf("-S %" PRIu64, static_cast<uint64_t>(sb.st_size));
 
-        int remoteFd = adb_connect(cmd, &error);
-        if (remoteFd < 0) {
+        if (is_apex) {
+            cmd += " --apex";
+        }
+
+        unique_fd remote_fd(adb_connect(cmd, &error));
+        if (remote_fd < 0) {
             fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for write: %s\n", error.c_str());
-            adb_close(localFd);
             return 1;
         }
 
         char buf[BUFSIZ];
-        copy_to_file(localFd, remoteFd);
-        read_status_line(remoteFd, buf, sizeof(buf));
-
-        adb_close(localFd);
-        adb_close(remoteFd);
+        copy_to_file(local_fd.get(), remote_fd.get());
+        read_status_line(remote_fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
 
         if (!strncmp("Success", buf, 7)) {
             fputs(buf, stdout);
@@ -226,65 +222,40 @@
     }
 }
 
-static int install_app_legacy(int argc, const char** argv, bool use_fastdeploy, bool use_localagent,
-                              const char* adb_path) {
-    static const char* const DATA_DEST = "/data/local/tmp/%s";
-    static const char* const SD_DEST = "/sdcard/tmp/%s";
-    const char* where = DATA_DEST;
-
+static int install_app_legacy(int argc, const char** argv, bool use_fastdeploy,
+                              bool use_localagent) {
     printf("Performing Push Install\n");
 
-    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
-        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-s")) {
-            where = SD_DEST;
-        }
-    }
-
     // Find last APK argument.
     // All other arguments passed through verbatim.
     int last_apk = -1;
     for (int i = argc - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(argv[i], ".apex")) {
+            error_exit("APEX packages are only compatible with Streamed Install");
+        }
         if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(argv[i], ".apk")) {
             last_apk = i;
             break;
         }
     }
 
-    if (last_apk == -1) return syntax_error("need APK file on command line");
+    if (last_apk == -1) error_exit("need APK file on command line");
 
     int result = -1;
     std::vector<const char*> apk_file = {argv[last_apk]};
     std::string apk_dest =
-            android::base::StringPrintf(where, android::base::Basename(argv[last_apk]).c_str());
-
-    TemporaryFile metadataTmpFile;
-    TemporaryFile patchTmpFile;
+            "/data/local/tmp/" + android::base::Basename(argv[last_apk]);
 
     if (use_fastdeploy == true) {
+        TemporaryFile metadataTmpFile;
+        TemporaryFile patchTmpFile;
+
         FILE* metadataFile = fopen(metadataTmpFile.path, "wb");
-        int metadata_len = extract_metadata(apk_file[0], metadataFile);
+        extract_metadata(apk_file[0], metadataFile);
         fclose(metadataFile);
 
-        if (metadata_len <= 0) {
-            printf("failed to extract metadata %d\n", metadata_len);
-            return 1;
-        } else {
-            int create_patch_result = create_patch(apk_file[0], metadataTmpFile.path,
-                                                   patchTmpFile.path, use_localagent, adb_path);
-            if (create_patch_result != 0) {
-                printf("Patch creation failure, error code: %d\n", create_patch_result);
-                result = create_patch_result;
-                goto cleanup_apk;
-            } else {
-                int apply_patch_result =
-                        apply_patch_on_device(apk_file[0], patchTmpFile.path, apk_dest.c_str());
-                if (apply_patch_result != 0) {
-                    printf("Patch application failure, error code: %d\n", apply_patch_result);
-                    result = apply_patch_result;
-                    goto cleanup_apk;
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        create_patch(apk_file[0], metadataTmpFile.path, patchTmpFile.path);
+        apply_patch_on_device(apk_file[0], patchTmpFile.path, apk_dest.c_str());
     } else {
         if (!do_sync_push(apk_file, apk_dest.c_str(), false)) goto cleanup_apk;
     }
@@ -293,7 +264,9 @@
     result = pm_command(argc, argv);
 
 cleanup_apk:
-    delete_device_patch_file(apk_file[0]);
+    if (use_fastdeploy == true) {
+        delete_device_patch_file(apk_file[0]);
+    }
     delete_device_file(apk_dest);
     return result;
 }
@@ -327,9 +300,6 @@
         } else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--no-fastdeploy")) {
             processedArgIndicies.push_back(i);
             use_fastdeploy = false;
-        } else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-f")) {
-            processedArgIndicies.push_back(i);
-            use_fastdeploy = true;
         } else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "--force-agent")) {
             processedArgIndicies.push_back(i);
             agent_update_strategy = FastDeploy_AgentUpdateAlways;
@@ -345,24 +315,18 @@
             use_localagent = true;
 #endif
         }
-        // TODO: --installlog <filename>
     }
 
     if (installMode == INSTALL_DEFAULT) {
-        if (_use_legacy_install()) {
+        if (use_legacy_install()) {
             installMode = INSTALL_PUSH;
         } else {
             installMode = INSTALL_STREAM;
         }
     }
 
-    if (installMode == INSTALL_STREAM && _use_legacy_install() == true) {
-        return syntax_error("Attempting to use streaming install on unsupported deivce.");
-    }
-
-    if (use_fastdeploy == true && is_reinstall == false) {
-        printf("Fast Deploy is only available with -r.\n");
-        use_fastdeploy = false;
+    if (installMode == INSTALL_STREAM && use_legacy_install() == true) {
+        error_exit("Attempting to use streaming install on unsupported device");
     }
 
     if (use_fastdeploy == true && get_device_api_level() < kFastDeployMinApi) {
@@ -379,28 +343,26 @@
             passthrough_argv.push_back(argv[i]);
         }
     }
-
-    std::string adb_path = android::base::GetExecutablePath();
-
-    if (adb_path.length() == 0) {
-        return 1;
+    if (passthrough_argv.size() < 2) {
+        error_exit("install requires an apk argument");
     }
+
     if (use_fastdeploy == true) {
-        bool agent_up_to_date =
-                update_agent(agent_update_strategy, use_localagent, adb_path.c_str());
-        if (agent_up_to_date == false) {
-            printf("Failed to update agent, exiting\n");
-            return 1;
-        }
+        fastdeploy_set_local_agent(use_localagent);
+        update_agent(agent_update_strategy);
+
+        // The last argument must be the APK file
+        const char* file = passthrough_argv.back();
+        use_fastdeploy = find_package(file);
     }
 
     switch (installMode) {
         case INSTALL_PUSH:
             return install_app_legacy(passthrough_argv.size(), passthrough_argv.data(),
-                                      use_fastdeploy, use_localagent, adb_path.c_str());
+                                      use_fastdeploy, use_localagent);
         case INSTALL_STREAM:
             return install_app_streamed(passthrough_argv.size(), passthrough_argv.data(),
-                                        use_fastdeploy, use_localagent, adb_path.c_str());
+                                        use_fastdeploy, use_localagent);
         case INSTALL_DEFAULT:
         default:
             return 1;
@@ -414,8 +376,13 @@
     uint64_t total_size = 0;
     for (int i = argc - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
         const char* file = argv[i];
+        if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(argv[i], ".apex")) {
+            error_exit("APEX packages are not compatible with install-multiple");
+        }
 
-        if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apk")) {
+        if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apk") ||
+            android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".dm") ||
+            android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".fsv_sig")) {
             struct stat sb;
             if (stat(file, &sb) != -1) total_size += sb.st_size;
             first_apk = i;
@@ -424,10 +391,10 @@
         }
     }
 
-    if (first_apk == -1) return syntax_error("need APK file on command line");
+    if (first_apk == -1) error_exit("need APK file on command line");
 
     std::string install_cmd;
-    if (_use_legacy_install()) {
+    if (use_legacy_install()) {
         install_cmd = "exec:pm";
     } else {
         install_cmd = "exec:cmd package";
@@ -441,14 +408,15 @@
 
     // Create install session
     std::string error;
-    int fd = adb_connect(cmd, &error);
-    if (fd < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for create: %s\n", error.c_str());
-        return EXIT_FAILURE;
-    }
     char buf[BUFSIZ];
-    read_status_line(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
-    adb_close(fd);
+    {
+        unique_fd fd(adb_connect(cmd, &error));
+        if (fd < 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for create: %s\n", error.c_str());
+            return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        }
+        read_status_line(fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
+    }
 
     int session_id = -1;
     if (!strncmp("Success", buf, 7)) {
@@ -477,31 +445,27 @@
         }
 
         std::string cmd =
-                android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-write -S %" PRIu64 " %d %d_%s -",
+                android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-write -S %" PRIu64 " %d %s -",
                                             install_cmd.c_str(), static_cast<uint64_t>(sb.st_size),
-                                            session_id, i, android::base::Basename(file).c_str());
+                                            session_id, android::base::Basename(file).c_str());
 
-        int localFd = adb_open(file, O_RDONLY);
-        if (localFd < 0) {
+        unique_fd local_fd(adb_open(file, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
+        if (local_fd < 0) {
             fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to open %s: %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
             success = 0;
             goto finalize_session;
         }
 
         std::string error;
-        int remoteFd = adb_connect(cmd, &error);
-        if (remoteFd < 0) {
+        unique_fd remote_fd(adb_connect(cmd, &error));
+        if (remote_fd < 0) {
             fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for write: %s\n", error.c_str());
-            adb_close(localFd);
             success = 0;
             goto finalize_session;
         }
 
-        copy_to_file(localFd, remoteFd);
-        read_status_line(remoteFd, buf, sizeof(buf));
-
-        adb_close(localFd);
-        adb_close(remoteFd);
+        copy_to_file(local_fd.get(), remote_fd.get());
+        read_status_line(remote_fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
 
         if (strncmp("Success", buf, 7)) {
             fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to write %s\n", file);
@@ -515,13 +479,14 @@
     // Commit session if we streamed everything okay; otherwise abandon
     std::string service = android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-%s %d", install_cmd.c_str(),
                                                       success ? "commit" : "abandon", session_id);
-    fd = adb_connect(service, &error);
-    if (fd < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for finalize: %s\n", error.c_str());
-        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    {
+        unique_fd fd(adb_connect(service, &error));
+        if (fd < 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for finalize: %s\n", error.c_str());
+            return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        }
+        read_status_line(fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
     }
-    read_status_line(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
-    adb_close(fd);
 
     if (!strncmp("Success", buf, 7)) {
         fputs(buf, stdout);
@@ -532,23 +497,214 @@
     return EXIT_FAILURE;
 }
 
+int install_multi_package(int argc, const char** argv) {
+    // Find all APK arguments starting at end.
+    // All other arguments passed through verbatim.
+    bool apex_found = false;
+    int first_package = -1;
+    for (int i = argc - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        const char* file = argv[i];
+        if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apk") ||
+            android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apex")) {
+            first_package = i;
+            if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apex")) {
+                apex_found = true;
+            }
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (first_package == -1) error_exit("need APK or APEX files on command line");
+
+    if (use_legacy_install()) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "adb: multi-package install is not supported on this device\n");
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+    std::string install_cmd = "exec:cmd package";
+
+    std::string multi_package_cmd =
+            android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-create --multi-package", install_cmd.c_str());
+    if (apex_found) {
+        multi_package_cmd += " --staged";
+    }
+
+    // Create multi-package install session
+    std::string error;
+    char buf[BUFSIZ];
+    {
+        unique_fd fd(adb_connect(multi_package_cmd, &error));
+        if (fd < 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for create multi-package: %s\n", error.c_str());
+            return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        }
+        read_status_line(fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
+    }
+
+    int parent_session_id = -1;
+    if (!strncmp("Success", buf, 7)) {
+        char* start = strrchr(buf, '[');
+        char* end = strrchr(buf, ']');
+        if (start && end) {
+            *end = '\0';
+            parent_session_id = strtol(start + 1, nullptr, 10);
+        }
+    }
+    if (parent_session_id < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to create multi-package session\n");
+        fputs(buf, stderr);
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    fprintf(stdout, "Created parent session ID %d.\n", parent_session_id);
+
+    std::vector<int> session_ids;
+
+    // Valid session, now create the individual sessions and stream the APKs
+    int success = EXIT_FAILURE;
+    std::string individual_cmd =
+            android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-create", install_cmd.c_str());
+    std::string all_session_ids = "";
+    for (int i = 1; i < first_package; i++) {
+        individual_cmd += " " + escape_arg(argv[i]);
+    }
+    if (apex_found) {
+        individual_cmd += " --staged";
+    }
+    std::string individual_apex_cmd = individual_cmd + " --apex";
+    std::string cmd = "";
+    for (int i = first_package; i < argc; i++) {
+        const char* file = argv[i];
+        char buf[BUFSIZ];
+        {
+            unique_fd fd;
+            // Create individual install session
+            if (android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase(file, ".apex")) {
+                fd.reset(adb_connect(individual_apex_cmd, &error));
+            } else {
+                fd.reset(adb_connect(individual_cmd, &error));
+            }
+            if (fd < 0) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for create: %s\n", error.c_str());
+                goto finalize_multi_package_session;
+            }
+            read_status_line(fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
+        }
+
+        int session_id = -1;
+        if (!strncmp("Success", buf, 7)) {
+            char* start = strrchr(buf, '[');
+            char* end = strrchr(buf, ']');
+            if (start && end) {
+                *end = '\0';
+                session_id = strtol(start + 1, nullptr, 10);
+            }
+        }
+        if (session_id < 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to create multi-package session\n");
+            fputs(buf, stderr);
+            goto finalize_multi_package_session;
+        }
+
+        fprintf(stdout, "Created child session ID %d.\n", session_id);
+        session_ids.push_back(session_id);
+
+        struct stat sb;
+        if (stat(file, &sb) == -1) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to stat %s: %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
+            goto finalize_multi_package_session;
+        }
+
+        std::string cmd =
+                android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-write -S %" PRIu64 " %d %d_%s -",
+                                            install_cmd.c_str(), static_cast<uint64_t>(sb.st_size),
+                                            session_id, i, android::base::Basename(file).c_str());
+
+        unique_fd local_fd(adb_open(file, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
+        if (local_fd < 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to open %s: %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
+            goto finalize_multi_package_session;
+        }
+
+        std::string error;
+        unique_fd remote_fd(adb_connect(cmd, &error));
+        if (remote_fd < 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for write: %s\n", error.c_str());
+            goto finalize_multi_package_session;
+        }
+
+        copy_to_file(local_fd.get(), remote_fd.get());
+        read_status_line(remote_fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
+
+        if (strncmp("Success", buf, 7)) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to write %s\n", file);
+            fputs(buf, stderr);
+            goto finalize_multi_package_session;
+        }
+
+        all_session_ids += android::base::StringPrintf(" %d", session_id);
+    }
+
+    cmd = android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-add-session %d%s", install_cmd.c_str(),
+                                      parent_session_id, all_session_ids.c_str());
+    {
+        unique_fd fd(adb_connect(cmd, &error));
+        if (fd < 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for install-add-session: %s\n", error.c_str());
+            goto finalize_multi_package_session;
+        }
+        read_status_line(fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
+    }
+
+    if (strncmp("Success", buf, 7)) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to link sessions (%s)\n", cmd.c_str());
+        fputs(buf, stderr);
+        goto finalize_multi_package_session;
+    }
+
+    // no failures means we can proceed with the assumption of success
+    success = 0;
+
+finalize_multi_package_session:
+    // Commit session if we streamed everything okay; otherwise abandon
+    std::string service =
+            android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-%s %d", install_cmd.c_str(),
+                                        success == 0 ? "commit" : "abandon", parent_session_id);
+    {
+        unique_fd fd(adb_connect(service, &error));
+        if (fd < 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for finalize: %s\n", error.c_str());
+            return EXIT_FAILURE;
+        }
+        read_status_line(fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
+    }
+
+    if (!strncmp("Success", buf, 7)) {
+        fputs(buf, stdout);
+        if (success == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    } else {
+        fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to finalize session\n");
+        fputs(buf, stderr);
+    }
+
+    // try to abandon all remaining sessions
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < session_ids.size(); i++) {
+        service = android::base::StringPrintf("%s install-abandon %d", install_cmd.c_str(),
+                                              session_ids[i]);
+        fprintf(stderr, "Attempting to abandon session ID %d\n", session_ids[i]);
+        unique_fd fd(adb_connect(service, &error));
+        if (fd < 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "adb: connect error for finalize: %s\n", error.c_str());
+            continue;
+        }
+        read_status_line(fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf));
+    }
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+}
+
 int delete_device_file(const std::string& filename) {
     std::string cmd = "rm -f " + escape_arg(filename);
     return send_shell_command(cmd);
 }
-
-int delete_host_file(const std::string& filename) {
-#ifdef _WIN32
-    BOOL delete_return = DeleteFileA(filename.c_str());
-    if (delete_return != 0) {
-        return 0;
-    } else {
-        DWORD last_error = GetLastError();
-        printf("Error [%ld] deleting: %s\n", last_error, filename.c_str());
-        return delete_return;
-    }
-#else
-    std::string cmd = "rm -f " + escape_arg(filename);
-    return system(cmd.c_str());
-#endif
-}
diff --git a/adb/client/adb_install.h b/adb/client/adb_install.h
index e9410a9..9946604 100644
--- a/adb/client/adb_install.h
+++ b/adb/client/adb_install.h
@@ -14,16 +14,15 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef ADB_INSTALL_H
-#define ADB_INSTALL_H
+#pragma once
 
-#include "fastdeploy.h"
+#include <string>
 
 int install_app(int argc, const char** argv);
 int install_multiple_app(int argc, const char** argv);
+int install_multi_package(int argc, const char** argv);
 int uninstall_app(int argc, const char** argv);
 
 int delete_device_file(const std::string& filename);
 int delete_host_file(const std::string& filename);
 
-#endif
diff --git a/adb/client/auth.cpp b/adb/client/auth.cpp
index 71c19b8..bcb829b 100644
--- a/adb/client/auth.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/auth.cpp
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 
 #include "adb.h"
 #include "adb_auth.h"
+#include "adb_io.h"
 #include "adb_utils.h"
 #include "sysdeps.h"
 #include "transport.h"
@@ -52,30 +53,7 @@
     *new std::map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<RSA>>;
 static std::map<int, std::string>& g_monitored_paths = *new std::map<int, std::string>;
 
-static std::string get_user_info() {
-    LOG(INFO) << "get_user_info...";
-
-    std::string hostname;
-    if (getenv("HOSTNAME")) hostname = getenv("HOSTNAME");
-#if !defined(_WIN32)
-    char buf[64];
-    if (hostname.empty() && gethostname(buf, sizeof(buf)) != -1) hostname = buf;
-#endif
-    if (hostname.empty()) hostname = "unknown";
-
-    std::string username;
-    if (getenv("LOGNAME")) username = getenv("LOGNAME");
-#if !defined _WIN32 && !defined ADB_HOST_ON_TARGET
-    if (username.empty() && getlogin()) username = getlogin();
-#endif
-    if (username.empty()) hostname = "unknown";
-
-    return " " + username + "@" + hostname;
-}
-
-static bool write_public_keyfile(RSA* private_key, const std::string& private_key_path) {
-    LOG(INFO) << "write_public_keyfile...";
-
+static bool calculate_public_key(std::string* out, RSA* private_key) {
     uint8_t binary_key_data[ANDROID_PUBKEY_ENCODED_SIZE];
     if (!android_pubkey_encode(private_key, binary_key_data, sizeof(binary_key_data))) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to convert to public key";
@@ -88,20 +66,10 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    std::string content;
-    content.resize(expected_length);
-    size_t actual_length = EVP_EncodeBlock(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&content[0]), binary_key_data,
+    out->resize(expected_length);
+    size_t actual_length = EVP_EncodeBlock(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(out->data()), binary_key_data,
                                            sizeof(binary_key_data));
-    content.resize(actual_length);
-
-    content += get_user_info();
-
-    std::string path(private_key_path + ".pub");
-    if (!android::base::WriteStringToFile(content, path)) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write public key to '" << path << "'";
-        return false;
-    }
-
+    out->resize(actual_length);
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -140,11 +108,6 @@
         goto out;
     }
 
-    if (!write_public_keyfile(rsa, file)) {
-        D("Failed to write public key");
-        goto out;
-    }
-
     ret = 1;
 
 out:
@@ -170,36 +133,41 @@
     return result;
 }
 
-static bool read_key_file(const std::string& file) {
-    LOG(INFO) << "read_key_file '" << file << "'...";
-
+static std::shared_ptr<RSA> read_key_file(const std::string& file) {
     std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)> fp(fopen(file.c_str(), "r"), fclose);
     if (!fp) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open '" << file << "'";
-        return false;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
     RSA* key = RSA_new();
     if (!PEM_read_RSAPrivateKey(fp.get(), &key, nullptr, nullptr)) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read key";
         RSA_free(key);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return std::shared_ptr<RSA>(key, RSA_free);
+}
+
+static bool load_key(const std::string& file) {
+    std::shared_ptr<RSA> key = read_key_file(file);
+    if (!key) {
         return false;
     }
 
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_keys_mutex);
-    std::string fingerprint = hash_key(key);
+    std::string fingerprint = hash_key(key.get());
     if (g_keys.find(fingerprint) != g_keys.end()) {
         LOG(INFO) << "ignoring already-loaded key: " << file;
-        RSA_free(key);
     } else {
-        g_keys[fingerprint] = std::shared_ptr<RSA>(key, RSA_free);
+        g_keys[fingerprint] = std::move(key);
     }
-
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool read_keys(const std::string& path, bool allow_dir = true) {
-    LOG(INFO) << "read_keys '" << path << "'...";
+static bool load_keys(const std::string& path, bool allow_dir = true) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "load_keys '" << path << "'...";
 
     struct stat st;
     if (stat(path.c_str(), &st) != 0) {
@@ -208,7 +176,7 @@
     }
 
     if (S_ISREG(st.st_mode)) {
-        return read_key_file(path);
+        return load_key(path);
     } else if (S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
         if (!allow_dir) {
             // inotify isn't recursive. It would break expectations to load keys in nested
@@ -237,7 +205,7 @@
                 continue;
             }
 
-            result |= read_key_file((path + OS_PATH_SEPARATOR + name));
+            result |= load_key((path + OS_PATH_SEPARATOR + name));
         }
         return result;
     }
@@ -250,7 +218,7 @@
     return adb_get_android_dir_path() + OS_PATH_SEPARATOR + "adbkey";
 }
 
-static bool get_user_key() {
+static bool generate_userkey() {
     std::string path = get_user_key_path();
     if (path.empty()) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Error getting user key filename";
@@ -266,7 +234,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    return read_key_file(path);
+    return load_key(path);
 }
 
 static std::set<std::string> get_vendor_keys() {
@@ -320,26 +288,42 @@
     return result;
 }
 
+static bool pubkey_from_privkey(std::string* out, const std::string& path) {
+    std::shared_ptr<RSA> privkey = read_key_file(path);
+    if (!privkey) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return calculate_public_key(out, privkey.get());
+}
+
 std::string adb_auth_get_userkey() {
     std::string path = get_user_key_path();
     if (path.empty()) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Error getting user key filename";
         return "";
     }
-    path += ".pub";
 
-    std::string content;
-    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(path, &content)) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Can't load '" << path << "'";
+    std::string result;
+    if (!pubkey_from_privkey(&result, path)) {
         return "";
     }
-    return content;
+    return result;
 }
 
 int adb_auth_keygen(const char* filename) {
     return (generate_key(filename) == 0);
 }
 
+int adb_auth_pubkey(const char* filename) {
+    std::string pubkey;
+    if (!pubkey_from_privkey(&pubkey, filename)) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+    pubkey.push_back('\n');
+
+    return WriteFdExactly(STDOUT_FILENO, pubkey.data(), pubkey.size()) ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
 #if defined(__linux__)
 static void adb_auth_inotify_update(int fd, unsigned fd_event, void*) {
     LOG(INFO) << "adb_auth_inotify_update called";
@@ -380,7 +364,7 @@
                     LOG(INFO) << "ignoring new directory at '" << path << "'";
                 } else {
                     LOG(INFO) << "observed new file at '" << path << "'";
-                    read_keys(path, false);
+                    load_keys(path, false);
                 }
             } else {
                 LOG(WARNING) << "unmonitored event for " << path << ": 0x" << std::hex
@@ -420,8 +404,8 @@
 void adb_auth_init() {
     LOG(INFO) << "adb_auth_init...";
 
-    if (!get_user_key()) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get user key";
+    if (!generate_userkey()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to generate user key";
         return;
     }
 
@@ -432,7 +416,7 @@
 #endif
 
     for (const std::string& path : key_paths) {
-        read_keys(path.c_str());
+        load_keys(path.c_str());
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/adb/client/bugreport.cpp b/adb/client/bugreport.cpp
index fe98737..8ca44e8 100644
--- a/adb/client/bugreport.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/bugreport.cpp
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
 };
 
 int Bugreport::DoIt(int argc, const char** argv) {
-    if (argc > 2) return syntax_error("adb bugreport [PATH]");
+    if (argc > 2) error_exit("usage: adb bugreport [PATH]");
 
     // Gets bugreportz version.
     std::string bugz_stdout, bugz_stderr;
diff --git a/adb/client/commandline.cpp b/adb/client/commandline.cpp
index b55ae95..e963e3d 100644
--- a/adb/client/commandline.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/commandline.cpp
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@
 #include "services.h"
 #include "shell_protocol.h"
 #include "sysdeps/chrono.h"
-#include "sysdeps/memory.h"
 
 extern int gListenAll;
 
@@ -72,8 +71,7 @@
 static std::string product_file(const std::string& file) {
     const char* ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT = getenv("ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT");
     if (ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT == nullptr) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "adb: product directory not specified; set $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT\n");
-        exit(1);
+        error_exit("product directory not specified; set $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT");
     }
     return std::string{ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT} + OS_PATH_SEPARATOR_STR + file;
 }
@@ -130,7 +128,7 @@
         " pull [-a] REMOTE... LOCAL\n"
         "     copy files/dirs from device\n"
         "     -a: preserve file timestamp and mode\n"
-        " sync [all|data|odm|oem|product|system|vendor]\n"
+        " sync [all|data|odm|oem|product_services|product|system|vendor]\n"
         "     sync a local build from $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT to the device (default all)\n"
         "     -l: list but don't copy\n"
         "\n"
@@ -144,22 +142,23 @@
         "     -x: disable remote exit codes and stdout/stderr separation\n"
         " emu COMMAND              run emulator console command\n"
         "\n"
-        "app installation:\n"
+        "app installation (see also `adb shell cmd package help`):\n"
         " install [-lrtsdg] [--instant] PACKAGE\n"
+        "     push a single package to the device and install it\n"
         " install-multiple [-lrtsdpg] [--instant] PACKAGE...\n"
-        "     push package(s) to the device and install them\n"
-        "     -l: forward lock application\n"
+        "     push multiple APKs to the device for a single package and install them\n"
+        " install-multi-package [-lrtsdpg] [--instant] PACKAGE...\n"
+        "     push one or more packages to the device and install them atomically\n"
         "     -r: replace existing application\n"
         "     -t: allow test packages\n"
-        "     -s: install application on sdcard\n"
         "     -d: allow version code downgrade (debuggable packages only)\n"
         "     -p: partial application install (install-multiple only)\n"
         "     -g: grant all runtime permissions\n"
         "     --instant: cause the app to be installed as an ephemeral install app\n"
         "     --no-streaming: always push APK to device and invoke Package Manager as separate steps\n"
         "     --streaming: force streaming APK directly into Package Manager\n"
-        "     -f/--fastdeploy: use fast deploy (only valid with -r)\n"
-        "     --no-fastdeploy: prevent use of fast deploy (only valid with -r)\n"
+        "     --fastdeploy: use fast deploy\n"
+        "     --no-fastdeploy: prevent use of fast deploy\n"
         "     --force-agent: force update of deployment agent when using fast deploy\n"
         "     --date-check-agent: update deployment agent when local version is newer and using fast deploy\n"
         "     --version-check-agent: update deployment agent when local version has different version code and using fast deploy\n"
@@ -187,7 +186,6 @@
         " enable-verity            re-enable dm-verity checking on userdebug builds\n"
         " keygen FILE\n"
         "     generate adb public/private key; private key stored in FILE,\n"
-        "     public key stored in FILE.pub (existing files overwritten)\n"
         "\n"
         "scripting:\n"
         " wait-for[-TRANSPORT]-STATE\n"
@@ -197,7 +195,9 @@
         " get-state                print offline | bootloader | device\n"
         " get-serialno             print <serial-number>\n"
         " get-devpath              print <device-path>\n"
-        " remount                  remount partitions read-write\n"
+        " remount [-R]\n"
+        "      remount partitions read-write. if a reboot is required, -R will\n"
+        "      will automatically reboot the device.\n"
         " reboot [bootloader|recovery|sideload|sideload-auto-reboot]\n"
         "     reboot the device; defaults to booting system image but\n"
         "     supports bootloader and recovery too. sideload reboots\n"
@@ -206,8 +206,8 @@
         " sideload OTAPACKAGE      sideload the given full OTA package\n"
         " root                     restart adbd with root permissions\n"
         " unroot                   restart adbd without root permissions\n"
-        " usb                      restart adb server listening on USB\n"
-        " tcpip PORT               restart adb server listening on TCP on PORT\n"
+        " usb                      restart adbd listening on USB\n"
+        " tcpip PORT               restart adbd listening on TCP on PORT\n"
         "\n"
         "internal debugging:\n"
         " start-server             ensure that there is a server running\n"
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@
 #ifdef _WIN32
         old_stdin_mode = _setmode(STDIN_FILENO, _O_BINARY);
         if (old_stdin_mode == -1) {
-            fatal_errno("could not set stdin to binary");
+            PLOG(FATAL) << "could not set stdin to binary";
         }
 #endif
     }
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@
     if (outFd == STDOUT_FILENO) {
         old_stdout_mode = _setmode(STDOUT_FILENO, _O_BINARY);
         if (old_stdout_mode == -1) {
-            fatal_errno("could not set stdout to binary");
+            PLOG(FATAL) << "could not set stdout to binary";
         }
     }
 #endif
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@
         stdin_raw_restore();
 #ifdef _WIN32
         if (_setmode(STDIN_FILENO, old_stdin_mode) == -1) {
-            fatal_errno("could not restore stdin mode");
+            PLOG(FATAL) << "could not restore stdin mode";
         }
 #endif
     }
@@ -347,15 +347,14 @@
 #ifdef _WIN32
     if (outFd == STDOUT_FILENO) {
         if (_setmode(STDOUT_FILENO, old_stdout_mode) == -1) {
-            fatal_errno("could not restore stdout mode");
+            PLOG(FATAL) << "could not restore stdout mode";
         }
     }
 #endif
 }
 
 void copy_to_file(int inFd, int outFd) {
-    constexpr size_t BUFSIZE = 32 * 1024;
-    std::vector<char> buf(BUFSIZE);
+    std::vector<char> buf(32 * 1024);
     int len;
     long total = 0;
     int old_stdin_mode = -1;
@@ -367,9 +366,9 @@
 
     while (true) {
         if (inFd == STDIN_FILENO) {
-            len = unix_read(inFd, buf.data(), BUFSIZE);
+            len = unix_read(inFd, buf.data(), buf.size());
         } else {
-            len = adb_read(inFd, buf.data(), BUFSIZE);
+            len = adb_read(inFd, buf.data(), buf.size());
         }
         if (len == 0) {
             D("copy_to_file() : read 0 bytes; exiting");
@@ -585,12 +584,8 @@
 //
 // On success returns the remote exit code if |use_shell_protocol| is true,
 // 0 otherwise. On failure returns 1.
-static int RemoteShell(bool use_shell_protocol, const std::string& type_arg,
-                       char escape_char,
-                       const std::string& command) {
-    std::string service_string = ShellServiceString(use_shell_protocol,
-                                                    type_arg, command);
-
+static int RemoteShell(bool use_shell_protocol, const std::string& type_arg, char escape_char,
+                       bool empty_command, const std::string& service_string) {
     // Old devices can't handle a service string that's longer than MAX_PAYLOAD_V1.
     // Use |use_shell_protocol| to determine whether to allow a command longer than that.
     if (service_string.size() > MAX_PAYLOAD_V1 && !use_shell_protocol) {
@@ -601,8 +596,7 @@
     // Make local stdin raw if the device allocates a PTY, which happens if:
     //   1. We are explicitly asking for a PTY shell, or
     //   2. We don't specify shell type and are starting an interactive session.
-    bool raw_stdin = (type_arg == kShellServiceArgPty ||
-                      (type_arg.empty() && command.empty()));
+    bool raw_stdin = (type_arg == kShellServiceArgPty || (type_arg.empty() && empty_command));
 
     std::string error;
     int fd = adb_connect(service_string, &error);
@@ -662,9 +656,9 @@
 
 static int adb_shell(int argc, const char** argv) {
     FeatureSet features;
-    std::string error;
-    if (!adb_get_feature_set(&features, &error)) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "error: %s\n", error.c_str());
+    std::string error_message;
+    if (!adb_get_feature_set(&features, &error_message)) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "error: %s\n", error_message.c_str());
         return 1;
     }
 
@@ -687,7 +681,7 @@
         switch (opt) {
             case 'e':
                 if (!(strlen(optarg) == 1 || strcmp(optarg, "none") == 0)) {
-                    return syntax_error("-e requires a single-character argument or 'none'");
+                    error_exit("-e requires a single-character argument or 'none'");
                 }
                 escape_char = (strcmp(optarg, "none") == 0) ? 0 : optarg[0];
                 break;
@@ -762,7 +756,40 @@
         command = android::base::Join(std::vector<const char*>(argv + optind, argv + argc), ' ');
     }
 
-    return RemoteShell(use_shell_protocol, shell_type_arg, escape_char, command);
+    std::string service_string = ShellServiceString(use_shell_protocol, shell_type_arg, command);
+    return RemoteShell(use_shell_protocol, shell_type_arg, escape_char, command.empty(),
+                       service_string);
+}
+
+static int adb_abb(int argc, const char** argv) {
+    FeatureSet features;
+    std::string error_message;
+    if (!adb_get_feature_set(&features, &error_message)) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "error: %s\n", error_message.c_str());
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (!CanUseFeature(features, kFeatureAbb)) {
+        error_exit("abb is not supported by the device");
+    }
+
+    // Defaults.
+    constexpr char escape_char = '~';  // -e
+    constexpr bool use_shell_protocol = true;
+    constexpr auto shell_type_arg = kShellServiceArgRaw;
+    constexpr bool empty_command = false;
+
+    std::string service_string("abb:");
+    for (auto i = optind; i < argc; ++i) {
+        service_string.append(argv[i]);
+        service_string.push_back(ABB_ARG_DELIMETER);
+    }
+
+    D("abb -e 0x%x [%*.s]\n", escape_char, static_cast<int>(service_string.size()),
+      service_string.data());
+
+    return RemoteShell(use_shell_protocol, shell_type_arg, escape_char, empty_command,
+                       service_string);
 }
 
 static int adb_sideload_legacy(const char* filename, int in_fd, int size) {
@@ -842,14 +869,19 @@
         return -1;
     }
 
-    std::string service = android::base::StringPrintf(
-        "sideload-host:%d:%d", static_cast<int>(sb.st_size), SIDELOAD_HOST_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    std::string service =
+            android::base::StringPrintf("sideload-host:%" PRId64 ":%d",
+                                        static_cast<int64_t>(sb.st_size), SIDELOAD_HOST_BLOCK_SIZE);
     std::string error;
     unique_fd device_fd(adb_connect(service, &error));
     if (device_fd < 0) {
-        // Try falling back to the older (<= K) sideload method. Maybe this
-        // is an older device that doesn't support sideload-host.
         fprintf(stderr, "adb: sideload connection failed: %s\n", error.c_str());
+
+        // If this is a small enough package, maybe this is an older device that doesn't
+        // support sideload-host. Try falling back to the older (<= K) sideload method.
+        if (sb.st_size > INT_MAX) {
+            return -1;
+        }
         fprintf(stderr, "adb: trying pre-KitKat sideload method...\n");
         return adb_sideload_legacy(filename, package_fd, static_cast<int>(sb.st_size));
     }
@@ -859,7 +891,7 @@
 
     char buf[SIDELOAD_HOST_BLOCK_SIZE];
 
-    size_t xfer = 0;
+    int64_t xfer = 0;
     int last_percent = -1;
     while (true) {
         if (!ReadFdExactly(device_fd, buf, 8)) {
@@ -875,20 +907,22 @@
             return 0;
         }
 
-        int block = strtol(buf, nullptr, 10);
-
-        size_t offset = block * SIDELOAD_HOST_BLOCK_SIZE;
-        if (offset >= static_cast<size_t>(sb.st_size)) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to read block %d past end\n", block);
+        int64_t block = strtoll(buf, nullptr, 10);
+        int64_t offset = block * SIDELOAD_HOST_BLOCK_SIZE;
+        if (offset >= static_cast<int64_t>(sb.st_size)) {
+            fprintf(stderr,
+                    "adb: failed to read block %" PRId64 " at offset %" PRId64 ", past end %" PRId64
+                    "\n",
+                    block, offset, static_cast<int64_t>(sb.st_size));
             return -1;
         }
 
         size_t to_write = SIDELOAD_HOST_BLOCK_SIZE;
-        if ((offset + SIDELOAD_HOST_BLOCK_SIZE) > static_cast<size_t>(sb.st_size)) {
+        if ((offset + SIDELOAD_HOST_BLOCK_SIZE) > static_cast<int64_t>(sb.st_size)) {
             to_write = sb.st_size - offset;
         }
 
-        if (adb_lseek(package_fd, offset, SEEK_SET) != static_cast<int>(offset)) {
+        if (adb_lseek(package_fd, offset, SEEK_SET) != offset) {
             fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to seek to package block: %s\n", strerror(errno));
             return -1;
         }
@@ -928,31 +962,29 @@
  */
 static int ppp(int argc, const char** argv) {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
-    fprintf(stderr, "error: adb %s not implemented on Win32\n", argv[0]);
-    return -1;
+    error_exit("adb %s not implemented on Win32", argv[0]);
+    __builtin_unreachable();
 #else
-    if (argc < 2) return syntax_error("adb %s <adb service name> [ppp opts]", argv[0]);
+    if (argc < 2) error_exit("usage: adb %s <adb service name> [ppp opts]", argv[0]);
 
     const char* adb_service_name = argv[1];
-    std::string error;
-    int fd = adb_connect(adb_service_name, &error);
+    std::string error_message;
+    int fd = adb_connect(adb_service_name, &error_message);
     if (fd < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "adb: could not open adb service %s: %s\n", adb_service_name, error.c_str());
-        return 1;
+        error_exit("could not open adb service %s: %s", adb_service_name, error_message.c_str());
     }
 
     pid_t pid = fork();
+    if (pid == -1) {
+        perror_exit("fork failed");
+    }
 
-    if (pid < 0) {
-        perror("from fork()");
-        return 1;
-    } else if (pid == 0) {
-        int err;
+    if (pid == 0) {
+        // child side
         int i;
-        const char **ppp_args;
 
         // copy args
-        ppp_args = (const char **) alloca(sizeof(char *) * argc + 1);
+        const char** ppp_args = (const char**)alloca(sizeof(char*) * argc + 1);
         ppp_args[0] = "pppd";
         for (i = 2 ; i < argc ; i++) {
             //argv[2] and beyond become ppp_args[1] and beyond
@@ -960,25 +992,18 @@
         }
         ppp_args[i-1] = nullptr;
 
-        // child side
-
         dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
         dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
         adb_close(STDERR_FILENO);
         adb_close(fd);
 
-        err = execvp("pppd", (char * const *)ppp_args);
-
-        if (err < 0) {
-            perror("execing pppd");
-        }
-        exit(-1);
-    } else {
-        // parent side
-
-        adb_close(fd);
-        return 0;
+        execvp("pppd", (char* const*)ppp_args);
+        perror_exit("exec pppd failed");
     }
+
+    // parent side
+    adb_close(fd);
+    return 0;
 #endif /* !defined(_WIN32) */
 }
 
@@ -1156,7 +1181,7 @@
     /* find, extract, and use any -f argument */
     for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
         if (!strcmp("-f", argv[i])) {
-            if (i == argc - 1) return syntax_error("backup -f passed with no filename");
+            if (i == argc - 1) error_exit("backup -f passed with no filename");
             filename = argv[i+1];
             for (int j = i+2; j <= argc; ) {
                 argv[i++] = argv[j++];
@@ -1168,7 +1193,7 @@
 
     // Bare "adb backup" or "adb backup -f filename" are not valid invocations ---
     // a list of packages is required.
-    if (argc < 2) return syntax_error("backup either needs a list of packages or -all/-shared");
+    if (argc < 2) error_exit("backup either needs a list of packages or -all/-shared");
 
     adb_unlink(filename);
     int outFd = adb_creat(filename, 0640);
@@ -1204,7 +1229,7 @@
 }
 
 static int restore(int argc, const char** argv) {
-    if (argc != 2) return syntax_error("restore requires an argument");
+    if (argc != 2) error_exit("restore requires an argument");
 
     const char* filename = argv[1];
     int tarFd = adb_open(filename, O_RDONLY);
@@ -1258,8 +1283,7 @@
             } else if (!strcmp(*arg, "--")) {
                 ignore_flags = true;
             } else {
-                syntax_error("unrecognized option '%s'", *arg);
-                exit(1);
+                error_exit("unrecognized option '%s'", *arg);
             }
         }
         ++arg;
@@ -1284,6 +1308,42 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
+static int adb_connect_command_bidirectional(const std::string& command) {
+    std::string error;
+    int fd = adb_connect(command, &error);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "error: %s\n", error.c_str());
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    static constexpr auto forward = [](int src, int sink, bool exit_on_end) {
+        char buf[4096];
+        while (true) {
+            int rc = adb_read(src, buf, sizeof(buf));
+            if (rc == 0) {
+                if (exit_on_end) {
+                    exit(0);
+                } else {
+                    adb_shutdown(sink, SHUT_WR);
+                }
+                return;
+            } else if (rc < 0) {
+                perror_exit("read failed");
+            }
+            if (!WriteFdExactly(sink, buf, rc)) {
+                perror_exit("write failed");
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    std::thread read(forward, fd, STDOUT_FILENO, true);
+    std::thread write(forward, STDIN_FILENO, fd, false);
+    read.join();
+    write.join();
+    adb_close(fd);
+    return 0;
+}
+
 static int adb_query_command(const std::string& command) {
     std::string result;
     std::string error;
@@ -1337,7 +1397,7 @@
             /* this is a special flag used only when the ADB client launches the ADB Server */
             is_daemon = true;
         } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--reply-fd")) {
-            if (argc < 2) return syntax_error("--reply-fd requires an argument");
+            if (argc < 2) error_exit("--reply-fd requires an argument");
             const char* reply_fd_str = argv[1];
             argc--;
             argv++;
@@ -1350,7 +1410,7 @@
             if (isdigit(argv[0][2])) {
                 serial = argv[0] + 2;
             } else {
-                if (argc < 2 || argv[0][2] != '\0') return syntax_error("-s requires an argument");
+                if (argc < 2 || argv[0][2] != '\0') error_exit("-s requires an argument");
                 serial = argv[1];
                 argc--;
                 argv++;
@@ -1366,7 +1426,7 @@
             }
             transport_id = strtoll(id, const_cast<char**>(&id), 10);
             if (*id != '\0') {
-                return syntax_error("invalid transport id");
+                error_exit("invalid transport id");
             }
         } else if (!strcmp(argv[0],"-d")) {
             transport_type = kTransportUsb;
@@ -1376,7 +1436,7 @@
             gListenAll = 1;
         } else if (!strncmp(argv[0], "-H", 2)) {
             if (argv[0][2] == '\0') {
-                if (argc < 2) return syntax_error("-H requires an argument");
+                if (argc < 2) error_exit("-H requires an argument");
                 server_host_str = argv[1];
                 argc--;
                 argv++;
@@ -1385,7 +1445,7 @@
             }
         } else if (!strncmp(argv[0], "-P", 2)) {
             if (argv[0][2] == '\0') {
-                if (argc < 2) return syntax_error("-P requires an argument");
+                if (argc < 2) error_exit("-P requires an argument");
                 server_port_str = argv[1];
                 argc--;
                 argv++;
@@ -1393,7 +1453,7 @@
                 server_port_str = argv[0] + 2;
             }
         } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "-L")) {
-            if (argc < 2) return syntax_error("-L requires an argument");
+            if (argc < 2) error_exit("-L requires an argument");
             server_socket_str = argv[1];
             argc--;
             argv++;
@@ -1406,7 +1466,7 @@
     }
 
     if ((server_host_str || server_port_str) && server_socket_str) {
-        return syntax_error("-L is incompatible with -H or -P");
+        error_exit("-L is incompatible with -H or -P");
     }
 
     // If -L, -H, or -P are specified, ignore environment variables.
@@ -1423,11 +1483,10 @@
         server_port_str = server_port_str ? server_port_str : getenv("ANDROID_ADB_SERVER_PORT");
         if (server_port_str && strlen(server_port_str) > 0) {
             if (!android::base::ParseInt(server_port_str, &server_port, 1, 65535)) {
-                fprintf(stderr,
-                        "adb: Env var ANDROID_ADB_SERVER_PORT must be a positive"
-                        " number less than 65535. Got \"%s\"\n",
+                error_exit(
+                        "$ANDROID_ADB_SERVER_PORT must be a positive number less than 65535: "
+                        "got \"%s\"",
                         server_port_str);
-                exit(1);
             }
         }
 
@@ -1439,7 +1498,7 @@
             rc = asprintf(&temp, "tcp:%d", server_port);
         }
         if (rc < 0) {
-            fatal("failed to allocate server socket specification");
+            LOG(FATAL) << "failed to allocate server socket specification";
         }
         server_socket_str = temp;
     }
@@ -1501,7 +1560,7 @@
         } else if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-l")) {
             listopt = argv[1];
         } else {
-            return syntax_error("adb devices [-l]");
+            error_exit("adb devices [-l]");
         }
 
         std::string query = android::base::StringPrintf("host:%s%s", argv[0], listopt);
@@ -1509,28 +1568,27 @@
         return adb_query_command(query);
     }
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "connect")) {
-        if (argc != 2) return syntax_error("adb connect <host>[:<port>]");
+        if (argc != 2) error_exit("usage: adb connect <host>[:<port>]");
 
         std::string query = android::base::StringPrintf("host:connect:%s", argv[1]);
         return adb_query_command(query);
     }
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "disconnect")) {
-        if (argc > 2) return syntax_error("adb disconnect [<host>[:<port>]]");
+        if (argc > 2) error_exit("usage: adb disconnect [<host>[:<port>]]");
 
         std::string query = android::base::StringPrintf("host:disconnect:%s",
                                                         (argc == 2) ? argv[1] : "");
         return adb_query_command(query);
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "emu")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "abb")) {
+        return adb_abb(argc, argv);
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "emu")) {
         return adb_send_emulator_command(argc, argv, serial);
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "shell")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "shell")) {
         return adb_shell(argc, argv);
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "exec-in") || !strcmp(argv[0], "exec-out")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "exec-in") || !strcmp(argv[0], "exec-out")) {
         int exec_in = !strcmp(argv[0], "exec-in");
 
-        if (argc < 2) return syntax_error("adb %s command", argv[0]);
+        if (argc < 2) error_exit("usage: adb %s command", argv[0]);
 
         std::string cmd = "exec:";
         cmd += argv[1];
@@ -1555,34 +1613,37 @@
 
         adb_close(fd);
         return 0;
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "kill-server")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "kill-server")) {
         return adb_kill_server() ? 0 : 1;
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "sideload")) {
-        if (argc != 2) return syntax_error("sideload requires an argument");
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "sideload")) {
+        if (argc != 2) error_exit("sideload requires an argument");
         if (adb_sideload_host(argv[1])) {
             return 1;
         } else {
             return 0;
         }
     } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "tcpip")) {
-        if (argc != 2) return syntax_error("tcpip requires an argument");
+        if (argc != 2) error_exit("tcpip requires an argument");
         int port;
         if (!android::base::ParseInt(argv[1], &port, 1, 65535)) {
-            return syntax_error("tcpip: invalid port: %s", argv[1]);
+            error_exit("tcpip: invalid port: %s", argv[1]);
         }
         return adb_connect_command(android::base::StringPrintf("tcpip:%d", port));
     }
+    // clang-format off
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "remount") ||
              !strcmp(argv[0], "reboot") ||
              !strcmp(argv[0], "reboot-bootloader") ||
+             !strcmp(argv[0], "reboot-fastboot") ||
              !strcmp(argv[0], "usb") ||
              !strcmp(argv[0], "disable-verity") ||
              !strcmp(argv[0], "enable-verity")) {
+        // clang-format on
         std::string command;
         if (!strcmp(argv[0], "reboot-bootloader")) {
             command = "reboot:bootloader";
+        } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "reboot-fastboot")) {
+            command = "reboot:fastboot";
         } else if (argc > 1) {
             command = android::base::StringPrintf("%s:%s", argv[0], argv[1]);
         } else {
@@ -1597,7 +1658,7 @@
     } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "forward") || !strcmp(argv[0], "reverse")) {
         bool reverse = !strcmp(argv[0], "reverse");
         --argc;
-        if (argc < 1) return syntax_error("%s requires an argument", argv[0]);
+        if (argc < 1) error_exit("%s requires an argument", argv[0]);
         ++argv;
 
         // Determine the <host-prefix> for this command.
@@ -1616,46 +1677,44 @@
             }
         }
 
-        std::string cmd, error;
+        std::string cmd, error_message;
         if (strcmp(argv[0], "--list") == 0) {
-            if (argc != 1) return syntax_error("--list doesn't take any arguments");
+            if (argc != 1) error_exit("--list doesn't take any arguments");
             return adb_query_command(host_prefix + ":list-forward");
         } else if (strcmp(argv[0], "--remove-all") == 0) {
-            if (argc != 1) return syntax_error("--remove-all doesn't take any arguments");
+            if (argc != 1) error_exit("--remove-all doesn't take any arguments");
             cmd = host_prefix + ":killforward-all";
         } else if (strcmp(argv[0], "--remove") == 0) {
             // forward --remove <local>
-            if (argc != 2) return syntax_error("--remove requires an argument");
+            if (argc != 2) error_exit("--remove requires an argument");
             cmd = host_prefix + ":killforward:" + argv[1];
         } else if (strcmp(argv[0], "--no-rebind") == 0) {
             // forward --no-rebind <local> <remote>
-            if (argc != 3) return syntax_error("--no-rebind takes two arguments");
-            if (forward_targets_are_valid(argv[1], argv[2], &error)) {
+            if (argc != 3) error_exit("--no-rebind takes two arguments");
+            if (forward_targets_are_valid(argv[1], argv[2], &error_message)) {
                 cmd = host_prefix + ":forward:norebind:" + argv[1] + ";" + argv[2];
             }
         } else {
             // forward <local> <remote>
-            if (argc != 2) return syntax_error("forward takes two arguments");
-            if (forward_targets_are_valid(argv[0], argv[1], &error)) {
+            if (argc != 2) error_exit("forward takes two arguments");
+            if (forward_targets_are_valid(argv[0], argv[1], &error_message)) {
                 cmd = host_prefix + ":forward:" + argv[0] + ";" + argv[1];
             }
         }
 
-        if (!error.empty()) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "error: %s\n", error.c_str());
-            return 1;
+        if (!error_message.empty()) {
+            error_exit("error: %s", error_message.c_str());
         }
 
-        int fd = adb_connect(cmd, &error);
-        if (fd < 0 || !adb_status(fd, &error)) {
+        int fd = adb_connect(cmd, &error_message);
+        if (fd < 0 || !adb_status(fd, &error_message)) {
             adb_close(fd);
-            fprintf(stderr, "error: %s\n", error.c_str());
-            return 1;
+            error_exit("error: %s", error_message.c_str());
         }
 
         // Server or device may optionally return a resolved TCP port number.
         std::string resolved_port;
-        if (ReadProtocolString(fd, &resolved_port, &error) && !resolved_port.empty()) {
+        if (ReadProtocolString(fd, &resolved_port, &error_message) && !resolved_port.empty()) {
             printf("%s\n", resolved_port.c_str());
         }
 
@@ -1664,41 +1723,38 @@
     }
     /* do_sync_*() commands */
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "ls")) {
-        if (argc != 2) return syntax_error("ls requires an argument");
+        if (argc != 2) error_exit("ls requires an argument");
         return do_sync_ls(argv[1]) ? 0 : 1;
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "push")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "push")) {
         bool copy_attrs = false;
         bool sync = false;
         std::vector<const char*> srcs;
         const char* dst = nullptr;
 
         parse_push_pull_args(&argv[1], argc - 1, &srcs, &dst, &copy_attrs, &sync);
-        if (srcs.empty() || !dst) return syntax_error("push requires an argument");
+        if (srcs.empty() || !dst) error_exit("push requires an argument");
         return do_sync_push(srcs, dst, sync) ? 0 : 1;
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "pull")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "pull")) {
         bool copy_attrs = false;
         std::vector<const char*> srcs;
         const char* dst = ".";
 
         parse_push_pull_args(&argv[1], argc - 1, &srcs, &dst, &copy_attrs, nullptr);
-        if (srcs.empty()) return syntax_error("pull requires an argument");
+        if (srcs.empty()) error_exit("pull requires an argument");
         return do_sync_pull(srcs, dst, copy_attrs) ? 0 : 1;
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "install")) {
-        if (argc < 2) return syntax_error("install requires an argument");
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "install")) {
+        if (argc < 2) error_exit("install requires an argument");
         return install_app(argc, argv);
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "install-multiple")) {
-        if (argc < 2) return syntax_error("install-multiple requires an argument");
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "install-multiple")) {
+        if (argc < 2) error_exit("install-multiple requires an argument");
         return install_multiple_app(argc, argv);
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "uninstall")) {
-        if (argc < 2) return syntax_error("uninstall requires an argument");
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "install-multi-package")) {
+        if (argc < 3) error_exit("install-multi-package requires an argument");
+        return install_multi_package(argc, argv);
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "uninstall")) {
+        if (argc < 2) error_exit("uninstall requires an argument");
         return uninstall_app(argc, argv);
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "sync")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "sync")) {
         std::string src;
         bool list_only = false;
         if (argc < 2) {
@@ -1709,11 +1765,12 @@
         } else if (argc == 2) {
             src = argv[1];
         } else {
-            return syntax_error("adb sync [-l] [PARTITION]");
+            error_exit("usage: adb sync [-l] [PARTITION]");
         }
 
         if (src.empty()) src = "all";
-        std::vector<std::string> partitions{"data", "odm", "oem", "product", "system", "vendor"};
+        std::vector<std::string> partitions{"data",   "odm",   "oem", "product", "product_services",
+                                            "system", "vendor"};
         bool found = false;
         for (const auto& partition : partitions) {
             if (src == "all" || src == partition) {
@@ -1723,64 +1780,57 @@
                 if (!do_sync_sync(src_dir, "/" + partition, list_only)) return 1;
             }
         }
-        return found ? 0 : syntax_error("don't know how to sync %s partition", src.c_str());
+        if (!found) error_exit("don't know how to sync %s partition", src.c_str());
+        return 0;
     }
     /* passthrough commands */
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0],"get-state") ||
-        !strcmp(argv[0],"get-serialno") ||
-        !strcmp(argv[0],"get-devpath"))
-    {
+    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "get-state") || !strcmp(argv[0], "get-serialno") ||
+             !strcmp(argv[0], "get-devpath")) {
         return adb_query_command(format_host_command(argv[0]));
     }
     /* other commands */
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0],"logcat") || !strcmp(argv[0],"lolcat") || !strcmp(argv[0],"longcat")) {
+    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "logcat") || !strcmp(argv[0], "lolcat") ||
+             !strcmp(argv[0], "longcat")) {
         return logcat(argc, argv);
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0],"ppp")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "ppp")) {
         return ppp(argc, argv);
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "start-server")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "start-server")) {
         std::string error;
         const int result = adb_connect("host:start-server", &error);
         if (result < 0) {
             fprintf(stderr, "error: %s\n", error.c_str());
         }
         return result;
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "backup")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "backup")) {
         return backup(argc, argv);
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "restore")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "restore")) {
         return restore(argc, argv);
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "keygen")) {
-        if (argc != 2) return syntax_error("keygen requires an argument");
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "keygen")) {
+        if (argc != 2) error_exit("keygen requires an argument");
         // Always print key generation information for keygen command.
         adb_trace_enable(AUTH);
         return adb_auth_keygen(argv[1]);
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "jdwp")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "pubkey")) {
+        if (argc != 2) error_exit("pubkey requires an argument");
+        return adb_auth_pubkey(argv[1]);
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "jdwp")) {
         return adb_connect_command("jdwp");
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "track-jdwp")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "track-jdwp")) {
         return adb_connect_command("track-jdwp");
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "track-devices")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "track-devices")) {
         return adb_connect_command("host:track-devices");
     } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "raw")) {
         if (argc != 2) {
-            return syntax_error("adb raw SERVICE");
+            error_exit("usage: adb raw SERVICE");
         }
-        return adb_connect_command(argv[1]);
+        return adb_connect_command_bidirectional(argv[1]);
     }
 
-
     /* "adb /?" is a common idiom under Windows */
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--help") || !strcmp(argv[0], "help") || !strcmp(argv[0], "/?")) {
         help();
         return 0;
-    }
-    else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--version") || !strcmp(argv[0], "version")) {
+    } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "--version") || !strcmp(argv[0], "version")) {
         fprintf(stdout, "%s", adb_version().c_str());
         return 0;
     } else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "features")) {
@@ -1812,11 +1862,11 @@
                 std::string err;
                 return adb_query_command("host:reconnect-offline");
             } else {
-                return syntax_error("adb reconnect [device|offline]");
+                error_exit("usage: adb reconnect [device|offline]");
             }
         }
     }
 
-    syntax_error("unknown command %s", argv[0]);
-    return 1;
+    error_exit("unknown command %s", argv[0]);
+    __builtin_unreachable();
 }
diff --git a/adb/client/console.cpp b/adb/client/console.cpp
index 9563eac..4e8a3f8 100644
--- a/adb/client/console.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/console.cpp
@@ -135,6 +135,7 @@
     // preventing the emulator from reading the command that adb has sent.
     // https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=21021
     int result;
+    std::string emulator_output;
     do {
         char buf[BUFSIZ];
         result = adb_read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
@@ -146,8 +147,37 @@
         // appended above, and that causes the emulator to close the socket
         // which should cause zero bytes (orderly/graceful shutdown) to be
         // returned.
+        if (result > 0) emulator_output.append(buf, result);
     } while (result > 0);
 
+    // Note: the following messages are expected to be quite stable from emulator.
+    //
+    // Emulator console will send the following message upon connection:
+    //
+    // Android Console: Authentication required
+    // Android Console: type 'auth <auth_token>' to authenticate
+    // Android Console: you can find your <auth_token> in
+    // '/<path-to-home>/.emulator_console_auth_token'
+    // OK\r\n
+    //
+    // and the following after authentication:
+    // Android Console: type 'help' for a list of commands
+    // OK\r\n
+    //
+    // So try search and skip first two "OK\r\n", print the rest.
+    //
+    const std::string delims = "OK\r\n";
+    size_t found = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+        const size_t result = emulator_output.find(delims, found);
+        if (result == std::string::npos) {
+            break;
+        } else {
+            found = result + delims.size();
+        }
+    }
+
+    printf("%s", emulator_output.c_str() + found);
     adb_close(fd);
 
     return 0;
diff --git a/adb/client/fastdeploy.cpp b/adb/client/fastdeploy.cpp
index fda3889..f4e8664 100644
--- a/adb/client/fastdeploy.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/fastdeploy.cpp
@@ -14,26 +14,35 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include <androidfw/ResourceTypes.h>
-#include <androidfw/ZipFileRO.h>
-#include <libgen.h>
-#include <algorithm>
+#include "fastdeploy.h"
 
+#include <string.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "android-base/file.h"
+#include "android-base/strings.h"
+#include "androidfw/ResourceTypes.h"
+#include "androidfw/ZipFileRO.h"
 #include "client/file_sync_client.h"
 #include "commandline.h"
-#include "fastdeploy.h"
 #include "fastdeploycallbacks.h"
-#include "utils/String16.h"
+#include "sysdeps.h"
 
-const long kRequiredAgentVersion = 0x00000001;
+#include "adb_utils.h"
 
-const char* kDeviceAgentPath = "/data/local/tmp/";
+static constexpr long kRequiredAgentVersion = 0x00000002;
+
+static constexpr const char* kDeviceAgentPath = "/data/local/tmp/";
+
+static bool g_use_localagent = false;
 
 long get_agent_version() {
     std::vector<char> versionOutputBuffer;
     std::vector<char> versionErrorBuffer;
 
-    int statusCode = capture_shell_command("/data/local/tmp/deployagent.sh version",
+    int statusCode = capture_shell_command("/data/local/tmp/deployagent version",
                                            &versionOutputBuffer, &versionErrorBuffer);
     long version = -1;
 
@@ -58,75 +67,63 @@
     return api_level;
 }
 
-// local_path - must start with a '/' and be relative to $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT
-static bool get_agent_component_host_path(bool use_localagent, const char* adb_path,
-                                          const char* local_path, const char* sdk_path,
-                                          std::string* output_path) {
-    std::string mutable_adb_path = adb_path;
-    const char* adb_dir = dirname(&mutable_adb_path[0]);
-    if (adb_dir == nullptr) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (use_localagent) {
-        const char* product_out = getenv("ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT");
-        if (product_out == nullptr) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        *output_path = android::base::StringPrintf("%s%s", product_out, local_path);
-        return true;
-    } else {
-        *output_path = android::base::StringPrintf("%s%s", adb_dir, sdk_path);
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
+void fastdeploy_set_local_agent(bool use_localagent) {
+    g_use_localagent = use_localagent;
 }
 
-static bool deploy_agent(bool checkTimeStamps, bool use_localagent, const char* adb_path) {
+// local_path - must start with a '/' and be relative to $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT
+static std::string get_agent_component_host_path(const char* local_path, const char* sdk_path) {
+    std::string adb_dir = android::base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+    if (adb_dir.empty()) {
+        error_exit("Could not determine location of adb!");
+    }
+
+    if (g_use_localagent) {
+        const char* product_out = getenv("ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT");
+        if (product_out == nullptr) {
+            error_exit("Could not locate %s because $ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT is not defined",
+                       local_path);
+        }
+        return android::base::StringPrintf("%s%s", product_out, local_path);
+    } else {
+        return adb_dir + sdk_path;
+    }
+}
+
+static bool deploy_agent(bool checkTimeStamps) {
     std::vector<const char*> srcs;
-
-    std::string agent_jar_path;
-    if (get_agent_component_host_path(use_localagent, adb_path, "/system/framework/deployagent.jar",
-                                      "/deployagent.jar", &agent_jar_path)) {
-        srcs.push_back(agent_jar_path.c_str());
-    } else {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    std::string agent_sh_path;
-    if (get_agent_component_host_path(use_localagent, adb_path, "/system/bin/deployagent.sh",
-                                      "/deployagent.sh", &agent_sh_path)) {
-        srcs.push_back(agent_sh_path.c_str());
-    } else {
-        return false;
-    }
+    std::string jar_path =
+            get_agent_component_host_path("/system/framework/deployagent.jar", "/deployagent.jar");
+    std::string script_path =
+            get_agent_component_host_path("/system/bin/deployagent", "/deployagent");
+    srcs.push_back(jar_path.c_str());
+    srcs.push_back(script_path.c_str());
 
     if (do_sync_push(srcs, kDeviceAgentPath, checkTimeStamps)) {
         // on windows the shell script might have lost execute permission
         // so need to set this explicitly
-        const char* kChmodCommandPattern = "chmod 777 %sdeployagent.sh";
+        const char* kChmodCommandPattern = "chmod 777 %sdeployagent";
         std::string chmodCommand =
                 android::base::StringPrintf(kChmodCommandPattern, kDeviceAgentPath);
         int ret = send_shell_command(chmodCommand);
-        return (ret == 0);
+        if (ret != 0) {
+            error_exit("Error executing %s returncode: %d", chmodCommand.c_str(), ret);
+        }
     } else {
-        return false;
+        error_exit("Error pushing agent files to device");
     }
+
+    return true;
 }
 
-bool update_agent(FastDeploy_AgentUpdateStrategy agentUpdateStrategy, bool use_localagent,
-                  const char* adb_path) {
+void update_agent(FastDeploy_AgentUpdateStrategy agentUpdateStrategy) {
     long agent_version = get_agent_version();
     switch (agentUpdateStrategy) {
         case FastDeploy_AgentUpdateAlways:
-            if (deploy_agent(false, use_localagent, adb_path) == false) {
-                return false;
-            }
+            deploy_agent(false);
             break;
         case FastDeploy_AgentUpdateNewerTimeStamp:
-            if (deploy_agent(true, use_localagent, adb_path) == false) {
-                return false;
-            }
+            deploy_agent(true);
             break;
         case FastDeploy_AgentUpdateDifferentVersion:
             if (agent_version != kRequiredAgentVersion) {
@@ -136,15 +133,16 @@
                     printf("Device agent version is (%ld), (%ld) is required, re-deploying\n",
                            agent_version, kRequiredAgentVersion);
                 }
-                if (deploy_agent(false, use_localagent, adb_path) == false) {
-                    return false;
-                }
+                deploy_agent(false);
             }
             break;
     }
 
     agent_version = get_agent_version();
-    return (agent_version == kRequiredAgentVersion);
+    if (agent_version != kRequiredAgentVersion) {
+        error_exit("After update agent version remains incorrect! Expected %ld but version is %ld",
+                   kRequiredAgentVersion, agent_version);
+    }
 }
 
 static std::string get_string_from_utf16(const char16_t* input, int input_len) {
@@ -152,57 +150,49 @@
     if (utf8_length <= 0) {
         return {};
     }
-
     std::string utf8;
     utf8.resize(utf8_length);
     utf16_to_utf8(input, input_len, &*utf8.begin(), utf8_length + 1);
     return utf8;
 }
 
-// output is required to point to a valid output string (non-null)
-static bool get_packagename_from_apk(const char* apkPath, std::string* output) {
-    using namespace android;
-
-    ZipFileRO* zipFile = ZipFileRO::open(apkPath);
+static std::string get_packagename_from_apk(const char* apkPath) {
+#undef open
+    std::unique_ptr<android::ZipFileRO> zipFile(android::ZipFileRO::open(apkPath));
+#define open ___xxx_unix_open
     if (zipFile == nullptr) {
-        return false;
+        perror_exit("Could not open %s", apkPath);
     }
-
-    ZipEntryRO entry = zipFile->findEntryByName("AndroidManifest.xml");
+    android::ZipEntryRO entry = zipFile->findEntryByName("AndroidManifest.xml");
     if (entry == nullptr) {
-        return false;
+        error_exit("Could not find AndroidManifest.xml inside %s", apkPath);
     }
-
     uint32_t manifest_len = 0;
     if (!zipFile->getEntryInfo(entry, NULL, &manifest_len, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL)) {
-        return false;
+        error_exit("Could not read AndroidManifest.xml inside %s", apkPath);
     }
-
     std::vector<char> manifest_data(manifest_len);
     if (!zipFile->uncompressEntry(entry, manifest_data.data(), manifest_len)) {
-        return false;
+        error_exit("Could not uncompress AndroidManifest.xml inside %s", apkPath);
     }
-
-    ResXMLTree tree;
-    status_t setto_status = tree.setTo(manifest_data.data(), manifest_len, true);
-    if (setto_status != NO_ERROR) {
-        return false;
+    android::ResXMLTree tree;
+    android::status_t setto_status = tree.setTo(manifest_data.data(), manifest_len, true);
+    if (setto_status != android::OK) {
+        error_exit("Could not parse AndroidManifest.xml inside %s", apkPath);
     }
-
-    ResXMLParser::event_code_t code;
-    while ((code = tree.next()) != ResXMLParser::BAD_DOCUMENT &&
-           code != ResXMLParser::END_DOCUMENT) {
+    android::ResXMLParser::event_code_t code;
+    while ((code = tree.next()) != android::ResXMLParser::BAD_DOCUMENT &&
+           code != android::ResXMLParser::END_DOCUMENT) {
         switch (code) {
-            case ResXMLParser::START_TAG: {
+            case android::ResXMLParser::START_TAG: {
                 size_t element_name_length;
                 const char16_t* element_name = tree.getElementName(&element_name_length);
                 if (element_name == nullptr) {
                     continue;
                 }
-
                 std::u16string element_name_string(element_name, element_name_length);
                 if (element_name_string == u"manifest") {
-                    for (int i = 0; i < (int)tree.getAttributeCount(); i++) {
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < tree.getAttributeCount(); i++) {
                         size_t attribute_name_length;
                         const char16_t* attribute_name_text =
                                 tree.getAttributeName(i, &attribute_name_length);
@@ -211,7 +201,6 @@
                         }
                         std::u16string attribute_name_string(attribute_name_text,
                                                              attribute_name_length);
-
                         if (attribute_name_string == u"package") {
                             size_t attribute_value_length;
                             const char16_t* attribute_value_text =
@@ -219,9 +208,8 @@
                             if (attribute_value_text == nullptr) {
                                 continue;
                             }
-                            *output = get_string_from_utf16(attribute_value_text,
-                                                            attribute_value_length);
-                            return true;
+                            return get_string_from_utf16(attribute_value_text,
+                                                         attribute_value_length);
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -231,135 +219,124 @@
                 break;
         }
     }
-
-    return false;
+    error_exit("Could not find package name tag in AndroidManifest.xml inside %s", apkPath);
 }
 
-int extract_metadata(const char* apkPath, FILE* outputFp) {
-    std::string packageName;
-    if (get_packagename_from_apk(apkPath, &packageName) == false) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    const char* kAgentExtractCommandPattern = "/data/local/tmp/deployagent.sh extract %s";
+void extract_metadata(const char* apkPath, FILE* outputFp) {
+    std::string packageName = get_packagename_from_apk(apkPath);
+    const char* kAgentExtractCommandPattern = "/data/local/tmp/deployagent extract %s";
     std::string extractCommand =
             android::base::StringPrintf(kAgentExtractCommandPattern, packageName.c_str());
 
     std::vector<char> extractErrorBuffer;
-    int statusCode;
-    DeployAgentFileCallback cb(outputFp, &extractErrorBuffer, &statusCode);
-    int ret = send_shell_command(extractCommand, false, &cb);
-
-    if (ret == 0) {
-        return cb.getBytesWritten();
+    DeployAgentFileCallback cb(outputFp, &extractErrorBuffer);
+    int returnCode = send_shell_command(extractCommand, false, &cb);
+    if (returnCode != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Executing %s returned %d\n", extractCommand.c_str(), returnCode);
+        fprintf(stderr, "%*s\n", int(extractErrorBuffer.size()), extractErrorBuffer.data());
+        error_exit("Aborting");
     }
-
-    return ret;
 }
 
-// output is required to point to a valid output string (non-null)
-static bool patch_generator_command(bool use_localagent, const char* adb_path,
-                                    std::string* output) {
-    if (use_localagent) {
+static std::string get_patch_generator_command() {
+    if (g_use_localagent) {
         // This should never happen on a Windows machine
-        const char* kGeneratorCommandPattern = "java -jar %s/framework/deploypatchgenerator.jar";
         const char* host_out = getenv("ANDROID_HOST_OUT");
         if (host_out == nullptr) {
-            return false;
+            error_exit(
+                    "Could not locate deploypatchgenerator.jar because $ANDROID_HOST_OUT "
+                    "is not defined");
         }
-        *output = android::base::StringPrintf(kGeneratorCommandPattern, host_out, host_out);
-        return true;
-    } else {
-        const char* kGeneratorCommandPattern = R"(java -jar "%s/deploypatchgenerator.jar")";
-        std::string mutable_adb_path = adb_path;
-        const char* adb_dir = dirname(&mutable_adb_path[0]);
-        if (adb_dir == nullptr) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        *output = android::base::StringPrintf(kGeneratorCommandPattern, adb_dir, adb_dir);
-        return true;
+        return android::base::StringPrintf("java -jar %s/framework/deploypatchgenerator.jar",
+                                           host_out);
     }
-    return false;
+
+    std::string adb_dir = android::base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+    if (adb_dir.empty()) {
+        error_exit("Could not locate deploypatchgenerator.jar");
+    }
+    return android::base::StringPrintf(R"(java -jar "%s/deploypatchgenerator.jar")",
+                                       adb_dir.c_str());
 }
 
-int create_patch(const char* apkPath, const char* metadataPath, const char* patchPath,
-                 bool use_localagent, const char* adb_path) {
-    const char* kGeneratePatchCommandPattern = R"(%s "%s" "%s" > "%s")";
-    std::string patch_generator_command_string;
-    if (patch_generator_command(use_localagent, adb_path, &patch_generator_command_string) ==
-        false) {
-        return 1;
-    }
+void create_patch(const char* apkPath, const char* metadataPath, const char* patchPath) {
     std::string generatePatchCommand = android::base::StringPrintf(
-            kGeneratePatchCommandPattern, patch_generator_command_string.c_str(), apkPath,
-            metadataPath, patchPath);
-    return system(generatePatchCommand.c_str());
+            R"(%s "%s" "%s" > "%s")", get_patch_generator_command().c_str(), apkPath, metadataPath,
+            patchPath);
+    int returnCode = system(generatePatchCommand.c_str());
+    if (returnCode != 0) {
+        error_exit("Executing %s returned %d", generatePatchCommand.c_str(), returnCode);
+    }
 }
 
 std::string get_patch_path(const char* apkPath) {
-    std::string packageName;
-    if (get_packagename_from_apk(apkPath, &packageName) == false) {
-        return "";
-    }
+    std::string packageName = get_packagename_from_apk(apkPath);
     std::string patchDevicePath =
             android::base::StringPrintf("%s%s.patch", kDeviceAgentPath, packageName.c_str());
     return patchDevicePath;
 }
 
-int apply_patch_on_device(const char* apkPath, const char* patchPath, const char* outputPath) {
-    const std::string kAgentApplyCommandPattern =
-            "/data/local/tmp/deployagent.sh apply %s %s -o %s";
-
-    std::string packageName;
-    if (get_packagename_from_apk(apkPath, &packageName) == false) {
-        return -1;
-    }
+void apply_patch_on_device(const char* apkPath, const char* patchPath, const char* outputPath) {
+    const std::string kAgentApplyCommandPattern = "/data/local/tmp/deployagent apply %s %s -o %s";
+    std::string packageName = get_packagename_from_apk(apkPath);
     std::string patchDevicePath = get_patch_path(apkPath);
 
     std::vector<const char*> srcs = {patchPath};
     bool push_ok = do_sync_push(srcs, patchDevicePath.c_str(), false);
-
     if (!push_ok) {
-        return -1;
+        error_exit("Error pushing %s to %s returned", patchPath, patchDevicePath.c_str());
     }
 
     std::string applyPatchCommand =
             android::base::StringPrintf(kAgentApplyCommandPattern.c_str(), packageName.c_str(),
                                         patchDevicePath.c_str(), outputPath);
-    return send_shell_command(applyPatchCommand);
+
+    int returnCode = send_shell_command(applyPatchCommand);
+    if (returnCode != 0) {
+        error_exit("Executing %s returned %d", applyPatchCommand.c_str(), returnCode);
+    }
 }
 
-int install_patch(const char* apkPath, const char* patchPath, int argc, const char** argv) {
-    const std::string kAgentApplyCommandPattern =
-            "/data/local/tmp/deployagent.sh apply %s %s -pm %s";
+void install_patch(const char* apkPath, const char* patchPath, int argc, const char** argv) {
+    const std::string kAgentApplyCommandPattern = "/data/local/tmp/deployagent apply %s %s -pm %s";
+    std::string packageName = get_packagename_from_apk(apkPath);
 
-    std::string packageName;
-    if (get_packagename_from_apk(apkPath, &packageName) == false) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    std::vector<const char*> srcs;
     std::string patchDevicePath =
             android::base::StringPrintf("%s%s.patch", kDeviceAgentPath, packageName.c_str());
-    srcs.push_back(patchPath);
-    bool push_ok = do_sync_push(srcs, patchDevicePath.c_str(), false);
 
+    std::vector<const char*> srcs{patchPath};
+    bool push_ok = do_sync_push(srcs, patchDevicePath.c_str(), false);
     if (!push_ok) {
-        return -1;
+        error_exit("Error pushing %s to %s returned", patchPath, patchDevicePath.c_str());
     }
 
     std::vector<unsigned char> applyOutputBuffer;
     std::vector<unsigned char> applyErrorBuffer;
     std::string argsString;
 
+    bool rSwitchPresent = false;
     for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
         argsString.append(argv[i]);
         argsString.append(" ");
+        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-r")) {
+            rSwitchPresent = true;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!rSwitchPresent) {
+        argsString.append("-r");
     }
 
     std::string applyPatchCommand =
             android::base::StringPrintf(kAgentApplyCommandPattern.c_str(), packageName.c_str(),
                                         patchDevicePath.c_str(), argsString.c_str());
-    return send_shell_command(applyPatchCommand);
+    int returnCode = send_shell_command(applyPatchCommand);
+    if (returnCode != 0) {
+        error_exit("Executing %s returned %d", applyPatchCommand.c_str(), returnCode);
+    }
+}
+
+bool find_package(const char* apkPath) {
+    const std::string findCommand =
+            "/data/local/tmp/deployagent find " + get_packagename_from_apk(apkPath);
+    return !send_shell_command(findCommand);
 }
diff --git a/adb/client/fastdeploy.h b/adb/client/fastdeploy.h
index d8acd30..7b7f2ec 100644
--- a/adb/client/fastdeploy.h
+++ b/adb/client/fastdeploy.h
@@ -16,22 +16,20 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include "adb.h"
+#include <string>
 
-typedef enum EFastDeploy_AgentUpdateStrategy {
+enum FastDeploy_AgentUpdateStrategy {
     FastDeploy_AgentUpdateAlways,
     FastDeploy_AgentUpdateNewerTimeStamp,
     FastDeploy_AgentUpdateDifferentVersion
-} FastDeploy_AgentUpdateStrategy;
+};
 
-static constexpr int kFastDeployMinApi = 24;
-
+void fastdeploy_set_local_agent(bool use_localagent);
 int get_device_api_level();
-bool update_agent(FastDeploy_AgentUpdateStrategy agentUpdateStrategy, bool use_localagent,
-                  const char* adb_path);
-int extract_metadata(const char* apkPath, FILE* outputFp);
-int create_patch(const char* apkPath, const char* metadataPath, const char* patchPath,
-                 bool use_localagent, const char* adb_path);
-int apply_patch_on_device(const char* apkPath, const char* patchPath, const char* outputPath);
-int install_patch(const char* apkPath, const char* patchPath, int argc, const char** argv);
+void update_agent(FastDeploy_AgentUpdateStrategy agentUpdateStrategy);
+void extract_metadata(const char* apkPath, FILE* outputFp);
+void create_patch(const char* apkPath, const char* metadataPath, const char* patchPath);
+void apply_patch_on_device(const char* apkPath, const char* patchPath, const char* outputPath);
+void install_patch(const char* apkPath, const char* patchPath, int argc, const char** argv);
 std::string get_patch_path(const char* apkPath);
+bool find_package(const char* apkPath);
diff --git a/adb/client/fastdeploycallbacks.cpp b/adb/client/fastdeploycallbacks.cpp
index 6c9a21f..23a0aca 100644
--- a/adb/client/fastdeploycallbacks.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/fastdeploycallbacks.cpp
@@ -35,8 +35,7 @@
 
 class DeployAgentBufferCallback : public StandardStreamsCallbackInterface {
   public:
-    DeployAgentBufferCallback(std::vector<char>* outBuffer, std::vector<char>* errBuffer,
-                              int* statusCode);
+    DeployAgentBufferCallback(std::vector<char>* outBuffer, std::vector<char>* errBuffer);
 
     virtual void OnStdout(const char* buffer, int length);
     virtual void OnStderr(const char* buffer, int length);
@@ -45,27 +44,17 @@
   private:
     std::vector<char>* mpOutBuffer;
     std::vector<char>* mpErrBuffer;
-    int* mpStatusCode;
 };
 
 int capture_shell_command(const char* command, std::vector<char>* outBuffer,
                           std::vector<char>* errBuffer) {
-    int statusCode;
-    DeployAgentBufferCallback cb(outBuffer, errBuffer, &statusCode);
-    int ret = send_shell_command(command, false, &cb);
-
-    if (ret == 0) {
-        return statusCode;
-    } else {
-        return ret;
-    }
+    DeployAgentBufferCallback cb(outBuffer, errBuffer);
+    return send_shell_command(command, false, &cb);
 }
 
-DeployAgentFileCallback::DeployAgentFileCallback(FILE* outputFile, std::vector<char>* errBuffer,
-                                                 int* statusCode) {
+DeployAgentFileCallback::DeployAgentFileCallback(FILE* outputFile, std::vector<char>* errBuffer) {
     mpOutFile = outputFile;
     mpErrBuffer = errBuffer;
-    mpStatusCode = statusCode;
     mBytesWritten = 0;
 }
 
@@ -84,10 +73,7 @@
 }
 
 int DeployAgentFileCallback::Done(int status) {
-    if (mpStatusCode != NULL) {
-        *mpStatusCode = status;
-    }
-    return 0;
+    return status;
 }
 
 int DeployAgentFileCallback::getBytesWritten() {
@@ -95,11 +81,9 @@
 }
 
 DeployAgentBufferCallback::DeployAgentBufferCallback(std::vector<char>* outBuffer,
-                                                     std::vector<char>* errBuffer,
-                                                     int* statusCode) {
+                                                     std::vector<char>* errBuffer) {
     mpOutBuffer = outBuffer;
     mpErrBuffer = errBuffer;
-    mpStatusCode = statusCode;
 }
 
 void DeployAgentBufferCallback::OnStdout(const char* buffer, int length) {
@@ -111,8 +95,5 @@
 }
 
 int DeployAgentBufferCallback::Done(int status) {
-    if (mpStatusCode != NULL) {
-        *mpStatusCode = status;
-    }
-    return 0;
+    return status;
 }
diff --git a/adb/client/fastdeploycallbacks.h b/adb/client/fastdeploycallbacks.h
index b428b50..7e049c5 100644
--- a/adb/client/fastdeploycallbacks.h
+++ b/adb/client/fastdeploycallbacks.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 class DeployAgentFileCallback : public StandardStreamsCallbackInterface {
   public:
-    DeployAgentFileCallback(FILE* outputFile, std::vector<char>* errBuffer, int* statusCode);
+    DeployAgentFileCallback(FILE* outputFile, std::vector<char>* errBuffer);
 
     virtual void OnStdout(const char* buffer, int length);
     virtual void OnStderr(const char* buffer, int length);
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
     FILE* mpOutFile;
     std::vector<char>* mpErrBuffer;
     int mBytesWritten;
-    int* mpStatusCode;
 };
 
 int capture_shell_command(const char* command, std::vector<char>* outBuffer,
diff --git a/adb/client/file_sync_client.cpp b/adb/client/file_sync_client.cpp
index cb9bcfa..f0f9a80 100644
--- a/adb/client/file_sync_client.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/file_sync_client.cpp
@@ -325,12 +325,12 @@
         memset(st, 0, sizeof(*st));
         if (have_stat_v2_) {
             if (!ReadFdExactly(fd, &msg.stat_v2, sizeof(msg.stat_v2))) {
-                fatal_errno("protocol fault: failed to read stat response");
+                PLOG(FATAL) << "protocol fault: failed to read stat response";
             }
 
             if (msg.stat_v2.id != ID_LSTAT_V2 && msg.stat_v2.id != ID_STAT_V2) {
-                fatal_errno("protocol fault: stat response has wrong message id: %" PRIx32,
-                            msg.stat_v2.id);
+                PLOG(FATAL) << "protocol fault: stat response has wrong message id: "
+                            << msg.stat_v2.id;
             }
 
             if (msg.stat_v2.error != 0) {
@@ -351,12 +351,12 @@
             return true;
         } else {
             if (!ReadFdExactly(fd, &msg.stat_v1, sizeof(msg.stat_v1))) {
-                fatal_errno("protocol fault: failed to read stat response");
+                PLOG(FATAL) << "protocol fault: failed to read stat response";
             }
 
             if (msg.stat_v1.id != ID_LSTAT_V1) {
-                fatal_errno("protocol fault: stat response has wrong message id: %" PRIx32,
-                            msg.stat_v1.id);
+                PLOG(FATAL) << "protocol fault: stat response has wrong message id: "
+                            << msg.stat_v1.id;
             }
 
             if (msg.stat_v1.mode == 0 && msg.stat_v1.size == 0 && msg.stat_v1.time == 0) {
@@ -894,7 +894,8 @@
     //
     // TODO(b/25457350): We don't preserve permissions on directories.
     // TODO: Find all of the leaves and `mkdir -p` them instead?
-    if (CanUseFeature(sc.Features(), kFeatureShell2)) {
+    if (!CanUseFeature(sc.Features(), kFeatureFixedPushMkdir) &&
+        CanUseFeature(sc.Features(), kFeatureShell2)) {
         SilentStandardStreamsCallbackInterface cb;
         std::string cmd = "mkdir";
         for (const auto& dir : directory_list) {
diff --git a/adb/client/main.cpp b/adb/client/main.cpp
index 095ad98..2ee81a9 100644
--- a/adb/client/main.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/main.cpp
@@ -40,15 +40,15 @@
 
 static void setup_daemon_logging() {
     const std::string log_file_path(GetLogFilePath());
-    int fd = unix_open(log_file_path.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND, 0640);
+    int fd = unix_open(log_file_path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_APPEND, 0640);
     if (fd == -1) {
-        fatal("cannot open '%s': %s", log_file_path.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "cannot open " << log_file_path;
     }
     if (dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1) {
-        fatal("cannot redirect stdout: %s", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "cannot redirect stdout";
     }
     if (dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO) == -1) {
-        fatal("cannot redirect stderr: %s", strerror(errno));
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "cannot redirect stderr";
     }
     unix_close(fd);
 
@@ -56,15 +56,6 @@
     LOG(INFO) << adb_version();
 }
 
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-static BOOL WINAPI ctrlc_handler(DWORD type) {
-    // TODO: Consider trying to kill a starting up adb server (if we're in
-    // launch_server) by calling GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent().
-    exit(STATUS_CONTROL_C_EXIT);
-    return TRUE;
-}
-#endif
-
 void adb_server_cleanup() {
     // Upon exit, we want to clean up in the following order:
     //   1. close_smartsockets, so that we don't get any new clients
@@ -90,19 +81,23 @@
     // This also keeps stderr unbuffered when it is redirected to adb.log.
     if (is_daemon) {
         if (setvbuf(stdout, nullptr, _IONBF, 0) == -1) {
-            fatal("cannot make stdout unbuffered: %s", strerror(errno));
+            PLOG(FATAL) << "cannot make stdout unbuffered";
         }
         if (setvbuf(stderr, nullptr, _IONBF, 0) == -1) {
-            fatal("cannot make stderr unbuffered: %s", strerror(errno));
+            PLOG(FATAL) << "cannot make stderr unbuffered";
         }
     }
 
-    SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrlc_handler, TRUE);
-#else
+    // TODO: On Ctrl-C, consider trying to kill a starting up adb server (if we're in
+    // launch_server) by calling GenerateConsoleCtrlEvent().
+
+    // On Windows, SIGBREAK is when Ctrl-Break is pressed or the console window is closed. It should
+    // act like Ctrl-C.
+    signal(SIGBREAK, [](int) { raise(SIGINT); });
+#endif
     signal(SIGINT, [](int) {
         fdevent_run_on_main_thread([]() { exit(0); });
     });
-#endif
 
     char* leak = getenv("ADB_LEAK");
     if (leak && strcmp(leak, "1") == 0) {
@@ -142,7 +137,7 @@
     while (install_listener(socket_spec, "*smartsocket*", nullptr, 0, nullptr, &error) !=
            INSTALL_STATUS_OK) {
         if (std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - start > 0.5s) {
-            fatal("could not install *smartsocket* listener: %s", error.c_str());
+            LOG(FATAL) << "could not install *smartsocket* listener: " << error;
         }
 
         std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
@@ -158,7 +153,7 @@
         // setsid will fail with EPERM if it's already been a lead process of new session.
         // Ignore such error.
         if (setsid() == -1 && errno != EPERM) {
-            fatal("setsid() failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+            PLOG(FATAL) << "setsid() failed";
         }
 #endif
 
@@ -176,19 +171,19 @@
             const DWORD bytes_to_write = arraysize(ack) - 1;
             DWORD written = 0;
             if (!WriteFile(ack_reply_handle, ack, bytes_to_write, &written, NULL)) {
-                fatal("adb: cannot write ACK to handle 0x%p: %s", ack_reply_handle,
-                      android::base::SystemErrorCodeToString(GetLastError()).c_str());
+                LOG(FATAL) << "cannot write ACK to handle " << ack_reply_handle
+                           << android::base::SystemErrorCodeToString(GetLastError());
             }
             if (written != bytes_to_write) {
-                fatal("adb: cannot write %lu bytes of ACK: only wrote %lu bytes", bytes_to_write,
-                      written);
+                LOG(FATAL) << "cannot write " << bytes_to_write << " bytes of ACK: only wrote "
+                           << written << " bytes";
             }
             CloseHandle(ack_reply_handle);
 #else
             // TODO(danalbert): Can't use SendOkay because we're sending "OK\n", not
             // "OKAY".
             if (!android::base::WriteStringToFd("OK\n", ack_reply_fd)) {
-                fatal_errno("error writing ACK to fd %d", ack_reply_fd);
+                PLOG(FATAL) << "error writing ACK to fd " << ack_reply_fd;
             }
             unix_close(ack_reply_fd);
 #endif
diff --git a/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp b/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp
index 10b6090..f2ca63b 100644
--- a/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp
@@ -332,13 +332,6 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        rc = libusb_set_interface_alt_setting(handle.get(), interface_num, 0);
-        if (rc != 0) {
-            LOG(WARNING) << "failed to set interface alt setting for device '" << device_serial
-                         << "'" << libusb_error_name(rc);
-            return;
-        }
-
         for (uint8_t endpoint : {bulk_in, bulk_out}) {
             rc = libusb_clear_halt(handle.get(), endpoint);
             if (rc != 0) {
diff --git a/adb/client/usb_linux.cpp b/adb/client/usb_linux.cpp
index f1bf559..1168958 100644
--- a/adb/client/usb_linux.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/usb_linux.cpp
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 #include <list>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <string>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <thread>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@
 static auto& g_usb_handles_mutex = *new std::mutex();
 static auto& g_usb_handles = *new std::list<usb_handle*>();
 
-static int is_known_device(const char* dev_name) {
+static int is_known_device(std::string_view dev_name) {
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(g_usb_handles_mutex);
     for (usb_handle* usb : g_usb_handles) {
         if (usb->path == dev_name) {
@@ -152,11 +153,11 @@
             if (contains_non_digit(de->d_name)) continue;
 
             std::string dev_name = bus_name + "/" + de->d_name;
-            if (is_known_device(dev_name.c_str())) {
+            if (is_known_device(dev_name)) {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            int fd = unix_open(dev_name.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+            int fd = unix_open(dev_name, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
             if (fd == -1) {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -535,10 +536,10 @@
     // Initialize mark so we don't get garbage collected after the device scan.
     usb->mark = true;
 
-    usb->fd = unix_open(usb->path.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
+    usb->fd = unix_open(usb->path, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
     if (usb->fd == -1) {
         // Opening RW failed, so see if we have RO access.
-        usb->fd = unix_open(usb->path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+        usb->fd = unix_open(usb->path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
         if (usb->fd == -1) {
             D("[ usb open %s failed: %s]", usb->path.c_str(), strerror(errno));
             return;
diff --git a/adb/client/usb_osx.cpp b/adb/client/usb_osx.cpp
index 49baf36..e380c84 100644
--- a/adb/client/usb_osx.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/usb_osx.cpp
@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@
     io_service_t             usbDevice;
     io_service_t             usbInterface;
     IOCFPlugInInterface      **plugInInterface = NULL;
-    IOUSBInterfaceInterface220  **iface = NULL;
-    IOUSBDeviceInterface197  **dev = NULL;
+    IOUSBInterfaceInterface500  **iface = NULL;
+    IOUSBDeviceInterface500  **dev = NULL;
     HRESULT                  result;
     SInt32                   score;
     uint32_t                 locationId;
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@
         //* This gets us the interface object
         result = (*plugInInterface)->QueryInterface(
             plugInInterface,
-            CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBInterfaceInterfaceID), (LPVOID*)&iface);
+            CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBInterfaceInterfaceID500), (LPVOID*)&iface);
         //* We only needed the plugin to get the interface, so discard it
         (*plugInInterface)->Release(plugInInterface);
         if (result || !iface) {
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@
         }
 
         result = (*plugInInterface)->QueryInterface(plugInInterface,
-            CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBDeviceInterfaceID), (LPVOID*)&dev);
+            CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBDeviceInterfaceID500), (LPVOID*)&dev);
         //* only needed this to query the plugin
         (*plugInInterface)->Release(plugInInterface);
         if (result || !dev) {
diff --git a/adb/client/usb_windows.cpp b/adb/client/usb_windows.cpp
index 00aeb9b..cfa5cf4 100644
--- a/adb/client/usb_windows.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/usb_windows.cpp
@@ -212,8 +212,8 @@
     const HINSTANCE instance = GetModuleHandleW(nullptr);
     if (!instance) {
         // This is such a common API call that this should never fail.
-        fatal("GetModuleHandleW failed: %s",
-              android::base::SystemErrorCodeToString(GetLastError()).c_str());
+        LOG(FATAL) << "GetModuleHandleW failed: "
+                   << android::base::SystemErrorCodeToString(GetLastError());
     }
 
     WNDCLASSEXW wndclass;
@@ -223,15 +223,15 @@
     wndclass.hInstance = instance;
     wndclass.lpszClassName = kPowerNotificationWindowClassName;
     if (!RegisterClassExW(&wndclass)) {
-        fatal("RegisterClassExW failed: %s",
-              android::base::SystemErrorCodeToString(GetLastError()).c_str());
+        LOG(FATAL) << "RegisterClassExW failed: "
+                   << android::base::SystemErrorCodeToString(GetLastError());
     }
 
     if (!CreateWindowExW(WS_EX_NOACTIVATE, kPowerNotificationWindowClassName,
                          L"ADB Power Notification Window", WS_POPUP, 0, 0, 0, 0, nullptr, nullptr,
                          instance, nullptr)) {
-        fatal("CreateWindowExW failed: %s",
-              android::base::SystemErrorCodeToString(GetLastError()).c_str());
+        LOG(FATAL) << "CreateWindowExW failed: "
+                   << android::base::SystemErrorCodeToString(GetLastError());
     }
 
     MSG msg;
diff --git a/adb/daemon/abb.cpp b/adb/daemon/abb.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f69babe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/adb/daemon/abb.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "adb.h"
+#include "adb_io.h"
+#include "shell_service.h"
+
+#include "cmd.h"
+
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+namespace {
+
+class AdbFdTextOutput : public android::TextOutput {
+  public:
+    explicit AdbFdTextOutput(int fd) : mFD(fd) {}
+
+  private:
+    android::status_t print(const char* txt, size_t len) override {
+        return WriteFdExactly(mFD, txt, len) ? android::OK : -errno;
+    }
+    void moveIndent(int delta) override { /*not implemented*/
+    }
+
+    void pushBundle() override { /*not implemented*/
+    }
+    void popBundle() override { /*not implemented*/
+    }
+
+  private:
+    int mFD;
+};
+
+std::vector<std::string_view> parseCmdArgs(std::string_view args) {
+    std::vector<std::string_view> argv;
+
+    char delim = ABB_ARG_DELIMETER;
+    size_t size = args.size();
+    size_t base = 0;
+    while (base < size) {
+        size_t found;
+        for (found = base; found < size && args[found] && args[found] != delim; ++found)
+            ;
+        if (found > base) {
+            argv.emplace_back(args.substr(base, found - base));
+        }
+        base = found + 1;
+    }
+
+    return argv;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+static int execCmd(std::string_view args, int in, int out, int err) {
+    AdbFdTextOutput oin(out);
+    AdbFdTextOutput oerr(err);
+    return cmdMain(parseCmdArgs(args), oin, oerr, in, out, err, RunMode::kLibrary);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* const argv[]) {
+    signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+
+    int fd = STDIN_FILENO;
+    std::string data;
+    while (true) {
+        std::string error;
+        if (!ReadProtocolString(fd, &data, &error)) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read message: " << error;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        auto result = StartCommandInProcess(std::move(data), &execCmd);
+        if (!SendFileDescriptor(fd, result)) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to send an inprocess fd for command: " << data;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/adb/daemon/abb_service.cpp b/adb/daemon/abb_service.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..817aea1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/adb/daemon/abb_service.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "adb.h"
+#include "adb_io.h"
+#include "adb_unique_fd.h"
+#include "adb_utils.h"
+#include "shell_service.h"
+
+namespace {
+
+struct AbbProcess;
+static auto& abbp = *new std::unique_ptr<AbbProcess>(std::make_unique<AbbProcess>());
+
+struct AbbProcess {
+    unique_fd sendCommand(std::string_view command);
+
+  private:
+    static unique_fd startAbbProcess(unique_fd* error_fd);
+
+    static constexpr auto kRetries = 2;
+    static constexpr auto kErrorProtocol = SubprocessProtocol::kShell;
+
+    std::mutex locker_;
+    unique_fd socket_fd_;
+};
+
+unique_fd AbbProcess::sendCommand(std::string_view command) {
+    std::unique_lock lock{locker_};
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < kRetries; ++i) {
+        unique_fd error_fd;
+        if (socket_fd_ == -1) {
+            socket_fd_ = startAbbProcess(&error_fd);
+        }
+        if (socket_fd_ == -1) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "failed to start abb process";
+            return error_fd;
+        }
+
+        if (!SendProtocolString(socket_fd_, std::string(command))) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "failed to send command to abb";
+            socket_fd_.reset();
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        unique_fd fd;
+        std::string error;
+        if (!ReceiveFileDescriptor(socket_fd_, &fd, &error)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "failed to receive FD from abb: " << error;
+            socket_fd_.reset();
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        return fd;
+    }
+
+    LOG(ERROR) << "abb is unavailable";
+    socket_fd_.reset();
+    return ReportError(kErrorProtocol, "abb is unavailable");
+}
+
+unique_fd AbbProcess::startAbbProcess(unique_fd* error_fd) {
+    constexpr auto abb_process_type = SubprocessType::kRaw;
+    constexpr auto abb_protocol = SubprocessProtocol::kNone;
+    constexpr auto make_pty_raw = false;
+    return StartSubprocess("abb", "dumb", abb_process_type, abb_protocol, make_pty_raw,
+                           kErrorProtocol, error_fd);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+unique_fd execute_binder_command(std::string_view command) {
+    return abbp->sendCommand(command);
+}
diff --git a/adb/daemon/file_sync_service.cpp b/adb/daemon/file_sync_service.cpp
index 8c39a20..d55096a 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/file_sync_service.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/file_sync_service.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,10 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <utime.h>
 
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
@@ -47,6 +51,7 @@
 #include "security_log_tags.h"
 #include "sysdeps/errno.h"
 
+using android::base::Dirname;
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 
 static bool should_use_fs_config(const std::string& path) {
@@ -219,7 +224,7 @@
     }
 
     if (fd < 0 && errno == ENOENT) {
-        if (!secure_mkdirs(android::base::Dirname(path))) {
+        if (!secure_mkdirs(Dirname(path))) {
             SendSyncFailErrno(s, "secure_mkdirs failed");
             goto fail;
         }
@@ -327,8 +332,6 @@
 #else
 static bool handle_send_link(int s, const std::string& path, std::vector<char>& buffer) {
     syncmsg msg;
-    unsigned int len;
-    int ret;
 
     if (!ReadFdExactly(s, &msg.data, sizeof(msg.data))) return false;
 
@@ -337,24 +340,28 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    len = msg.data.size;
+    unsigned int len = msg.data.size;
     if (len > buffer.size()) { // TODO: resize buffer?
         SendSyncFail(s, "oversize data message");
         return false;
     }
     if (!ReadFdExactly(s, &buffer[0], len)) return false;
 
-    ret = symlink(&buffer[0], path.c_str());
-    if (ret && errno == ENOENT) {
-        if (!secure_mkdirs(android::base::Dirname(path))) {
-            SendSyncFailErrno(s, "secure_mkdirs failed");
+    std::string buf_link;
+    if (!android::base::Readlink(path, &buf_link) || (buf_link != &buffer[0])) {
+        adb_unlink(path.c_str());
+        auto ret = symlink(&buffer[0], path.c_str());
+        if (ret && errno == ENOENT) {
+            if (!secure_mkdirs(Dirname(path))) {
+                SendSyncFailErrno(s, "secure_mkdirs failed");
+                return false;
+            }
+            ret = symlink(&buffer[0], path.c_str());
+        }
+        if (ret) {
+            SendSyncFailErrno(s, "symlink failed");
             return false;
         }
-        ret = symlink(&buffer[0], path.c_str());
-    }
-    if (ret) {
-        SendSyncFailErrno(s, "symlink failed");
-        return false;
     }
 
     if (!ReadFdExactly(s, &msg.data, sizeof(msg.data))) return false;
@@ -391,7 +398,8 @@
 
     // Don't delete files before copying if they are not "regular" or symlinks.
     struct stat st;
-    bool do_unlink = (lstat(path.c_str(), &st) == -1) || S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || S_ISLNK(st.st_mode);
+    bool do_unlink = (lstat(path.c_str(), &st) == -1) || S_ISREG(st.st_mode) ||
+                     (S_ISLNK(st.st_mode) && !S_ISLNK(mode));
     if (do_unlink) {
         adb_unlink(path.c_str());
     }
diff --git a/adb/daemon/framebuffer_service.cpp b/adb/daemon/framebuffer_service.cpp
index 8d28c49..2a6418a 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/framebuffer_service.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/framebuffer_service.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 
 #include "adb.h"
 #include "adb_io.h"
+#include "adb_utils.h"
 #include "fdevent.h"
 
 /* TODO:
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@
         const char* command = "screencap";
         const char *args[2] = {command, nullptr};
         execvp(command, (char**)args);
-        exit(1);
+        perror_exit("exec screencap failed");
     }
 
     adb_close(fds[1]);
diff --git a/adb/daemon/include/adbd/usb.h b/adb/daemon/include/adbd/usb.h
index 78e4cd5..3213f69 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/include/adbd/usb.h
+++ b/adb/daemon/include/adbd/usb.h
@@ -62,3 +62,5 @@
 };
 
 usb_handle *create_usb_handle(unsigned num_bufs, unsigned io_size);
+bool open_functionfs(android::base::unique_fd* control, android::base::unique_fd* bulk_out,
+                     android::base::unique_fd* bulk_in);
diff --git a/adb/daemon/jdwp_service.cpp b/adb/daemon/jdwp_service.cpp
index b40faee..f02cc13 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/jdwp_service.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/jdwp_service.cpp
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
         this->fde = fdevent_create(socket, jdwp_process_event, this);
 
         if (!this->fde) {
-            fatal("could not create fdevent for new JDWP process");
+            LOG(FATAL) << "could not create fdevent for new JDWP process";
         }
 
         /* start by waiting for the PID */
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
     // Message is length-prefixed with 4 hex digits in ASCII.
     static constexpr size_t header_len = 4;
     if (bufferlen < header_len) {
-        fatal("invalid JDWP process list buffer size: %zu", bufferlen);
+        LOG(FATAL) << "invalid JDWP process list buffer size: " << bufferlen;
     }
 
     char head[header_len + 1];
@@ -212,6 +212,7 @@
 
 static void jdwp_process_event(int socket, unsigned events, void* _proc) {
     JdwpProcess* proc = reinterpret_cast<JdwpProcess*>(_proc);
+    CHECK_EQ(socket, proc->socket);
 
     if (events & FDE_READ) {
         if (proc->pid < 0) {
@@ -225,82 +226,27 @@
             D("Adding pid %d to jdwp process list", proc->pid);
             jdwp_process_list_updated();
         } else {
-            /* the pid was read, if we get there it's probably because the connection
-             * was closed (e.g. the JDWP process exited or crashed) */
-            char buf[32];
-
-            while (true) {
-                int len = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(recv(socket, buf, sizeof(buf), 0));
-
-                if (len == 0) {
-                    D("terminating JDWP %d connection: EOF", proc->pid);
-                    break;
-                } else if (len < 0) {
-                    if (len < 0 && errno == EAGAIN) {
-                        return;
-                    }
-
-                    D("terminating JDWP %d connection: EOF", proc->pid);
-                    break;
-                } else {
-                    D("ignoring unexpected JDWP %d control socket activity (%d bytes)", proc->pid,
-                      len);
-                }
-            }
-
+            // We already have the PID, if we can read from the socket, we've probably hit EOF.
+            D("terminating JDWP connection %d", proc->pid);
             goto CloseProcess;
         }
     }
 
     if (events & FDE_WRITE) {
         D("trying to send fd to JDWP process (count = %zu)", proc->out_fds.size());
-        if (!proc->out_fds.empty()) {
-            int fd = proc->out_fds.back().get();
-            struct cmsghdr* cmsg;
-            struct msghdr msg;
-            struct iovec iov;
-            char dummy = '!';
-            char buffer[sizeof(struct cmsghdr) + sizeof(int)];
+        CHECK(!proc->out_fds.empty());
 
-            iov.iov_base = &dummy;
-            iov.iov_len = 1;
-            msg.msg_name = nullptr;
-            msg.msg_namelen = 0;
-            msg.msg_iov = &iov;
-            msg.msg_iovlen = 1;
-            msg.msg_flags = 0;
-            msg.msg_control = buffer;
-            msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(buffer);
+        int fd = proc->out_fds.back().get();
+        if (!SendFileDescriptor(socket, fd)) {
+            D("sending new file descriptor to JDWP %d failed: %s", proc->pid, strerror(errno));
+            goto CloseProcess;
+        }
 
-            cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
-            cmsg->cmsg_len = msg.msg_controllen;
-            cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
-            cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
-            ((int*)CMSG_DATA(cmsg))[0] = fd;
+        D("sent file descriptor %d to JDWP process %d", fd, proc->pid);
 
-            if (!set_file_block_mode(proc->socket, true)) {
-                VLOG(JDWP) << "failed to set blocking mode for fd " << proc->socket;
-                goto CloseProcess;
-            }
-
-            int ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(sendmsg(proc->socket, &msg, 0));
-            if (ret < 0) {
-                D("sending new file descriptor to JDWP %d failed: %s", proc->pid, strerror(errno));
-                goto CloseProcess;
-            }
-
-            D("sent file descriptor %d to JDWP process %d", fd, proc->pid);
-
-            proc->out_fds.pop_back();
-
-            if (!set_file_block_mode(proc->socket, false)) {
-                VLOG(JDWP) << "failed to set non-blocking mode for fd " << proc->socket;
-                goto CloseProcess;
-            }
-
-            if (proc->out_fds.empty()) {
-                fdevent_del(proc->fde, FDE_WRITE);
-            }
+        proc->out_fds.pop_back();
+        if (proc->out_fds.empty()) {
+            fdevent_del(proc->fde, FDE_WRITE);
         }
     }
 
@@ -406,9 +352,10 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void jdwp_control_event(int s, unsigned events, void* _control) {
+static void jdwp_control_event(int fd, unsigned events, void* _control) {
     JdwpControl* control = (JdwpControl*)_control;
 
+    CHECK_EQ(fd, control->listen_socket);
     if (events & FDE_READ) {
         int s = adb_socket_accept(control->listen_socket, nullptr, nullptr);
         if (s < 0) {
@@ -425,7 +372,7 @@
 
         auto proc = std::make_unique<JdwpProcess>(s);
         if (!proc) {
-            fatal("failed to allocate JdwpProcess");
+            LOG(FATAL) << "failed to allocate JdwpProcess";
         }
 
         _jdwp_list.emplace_back(std::move(proc));
@@ -484,7 +431,7 @@
     JdwpSocket* s = new JdwpSocket();
 
     if (!s) {
-        fatal("failed to allocate JdwpSocket");
+        LOG(FATAL) << "failed to allocate JdwpSocket";
     }
 
     install_local_socket(s);
@@ -561,7 +508,7 @@
 asocket* create_jdwp_tracker_service_socket(void) {
     auto t = std::make_unique<JdwpTracker>();
     if (!t) {
-        fatal("failed to allocate JdwpTracker");
+        LOG(FATAL) << "failed to allocate JdwpTracker";
     }
 
     memset(t.get(), 0, sizeof(asocket));
diff --git a/adb/daemon/mdns.cpp b/adb/daemon/mdns.cpp
index 849378f..3530f48 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/mdns.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/mdns.cpp
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
 
     if (error != kDNSServiceErr_NoError) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Could not register mDNS service (" << error << ").";
-        mdns_registered = false;
+        return;
     }
 
     mdns_registered = true;
diff --git a/adb/daemon/remount_service.cpp b/adb/daemon/remount_service.cpp
index ed5f944..3c9dd04 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/remount_service.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/remount_service.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <bootloader_message/bootloader_message.h>
 #include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
@@ -47,6 +48,8 @@
 #include "adb_utils.h"
 #include "set_verity_enable_state_service.h"
 
+using android::base::Realpath;
+
 // Returns the last device used to mount a directory in /proc/mounts.
 // This will find overlayfs entry where upperdir=lowerdir, to make sure
 // remount is associated with the correct directory.
@@ -55,9 +58,15 @@
     std::string mnt_fsname;
     if (!fp) return mnt_fsname;
 
+    // dir might be a symlink, e.g., /product -> /system/product in GSI.
+    std::string canonical_path;
+    if (!Realpath(dir, &canonical_path)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Realpath failed: " << dir;
+    }
+
     mntent* e;
     while ((e = getmntent(fp.get())) != nullptr) {
-        if (strcmp(dir, e->mnt_dir) == 0) {
+        if (canonical_path == e->mnt_dir) {
             mnt_fsname = e->mnt_fsname;
         }
     }
@@ -69,7 +78,13 @@
     std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
                                                                fs_mgr_free_fstab);
     struct fstab_rec* rec = fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(fstab.get(), dir);
-    return rec ? rec->blk_device : "";
+    if (!rec) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    if (fs_mgr_is_logical(rec)) {
+        fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(rec);
+    }
+    return rec->blk_device;
 }
 
 // The proc entry for / is full of lies, so check fstab instead.
@@ -78,13 +93,17 @@
     if (is_root) {
         return find_fstab_mount(dir);
     } else {
-       return find_proc_mount(dir);
+        return find_proc_mount(dir);
     }
 }
 
+bool dev_is_overlayfs(const std::string& dev) {
+    return (dev == "overlay") || (dev == "overlayfs");
+}
+
 bool make_block_device_writable(const std::string& dev) {
-    if ((dev == "overlay") || (dev == "overlayfs")) return true;
-    int fd = unix_open(dev.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+    if (dev_is_overlayfs(dev)) return true;
+    int fd = unix_open(dev, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
     if (fd == -1) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -146,7 +165,16 @@
         return true;
     }
     bool is_root = strcmp(dir, "/") == 0;
+    if (is_root && dev_is_overlayfs(find_mount("/system", false))) {
+        dir = "/system";
+        is_root = false;
+    }
     std::string dev = find_mount(dir, is_root);
+    if (is_root && dev.empty()) {
+        // The fstab entry will be /system if the device switched roots during
+        // first-stage init.
+        dev = find_mount("/system", true);
+    }
     // Even if the device for the root is not found, we still try to remount it
     // as rw. This typically only happens when running Android in a container:
     // the root will almost always be in a loop device, which is dynamic, so
@@ -209,61 +237,60 @@
     bool system_verified = !(android::base::GetProperty("partition.system.verified", "").empty());
     bool vendor_verified = !(android::base::GetProperty("partition.vendor.verified", "").empty());
 
-    std::vector<std::string> partitions = {"/odm", "/oem", "/product", "/vendor"};
-    if (android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.build.system_root_image", false)) {
-        partitions.push_back("/");
-    } else {
-        partitions.push_back("/system");
-    }
+    std::vector<std::string> partitions{"/",        "/odm",   "/oem", "/product_services",
+                                        "/product", "/vendor"};
 
-    bool verity_enabled = (system_verified || vendor_verified);
+    if (system_verified || vendor_verified) {
+        // Disable verity automatically (reboot will be required).
+        set_verity_enabled_state_service(unique_fd(dup(fd.get())), false);
 
-    // If we can use overlayfs, lets get it in place first
-    // before we struggle with determining deduplication operations.
-    if (!verity_enabled && fs_mgr_overlayfs_setup() && fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all()) {
-        WriteFdExactly(fd.get(), "overlayfs mounted\n");
-    }
-
-    // Find partitions that are deduplicated, and can be un-deduplicated.
-    std::set<std::string> dedup;
-    for (const auto& partition : partitions) {
-        std::string dev = find_mount(partition.c_str(), partition == "/");
-        if (dev.empty() || !fs_mgr_has_shared_blocks(partition, dev)) {
-            continue;
-        }
-        if (can_unshare_blocks(fd.get(), dev.c_str())) {
-            dedup.emplace(partition);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Reboot now if the user requested it (and an operation needs a reboot).
-    if (user_requested_reboot) {
-        if (!dedup.empty() || verity_enabled) {
-            if (verity_enabled) {
-                set_verity_enabled_state_service(unique_fd(dup(fd.get())), false);
+        // If overlayfs is not supported, we try and remount or set up
+        // un-deduplication. If it is supported, we can go ahead and wait for
+        // a reboot.
+        if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid() != OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported) {
+            if (user_requested_reboot) {
+                if (android::base::SetProperty(ANDROID_RB_PROPERTY, "reboot")) {
+                    WriteFdExactly(fd.get(), "rebooting device\n");
+                } else {
+                    WriteFdExactly(fd.get(), "reboot failed\n");
+                }
             }
-            reboot_for_remount(fd.get(), !dedup.empty());
             return;
         }
-        WriteFdExactly(fd.get(), "No reboot needed, skipping -R.\n");
+    } else if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_setup()) {
+        // If we can use overlayfs, lets get it in place first before we
+        // struggle with determining deduplication operations.
+        Fstab fstab;
+        if (ReadDefaultFstab(&fstab) && fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all(&fstab)) {
+            WriteFdExactly(fd.get(), "overlayfs mounted\n");
+        }
     }
 
-    // If we need to disable-verity, but we also need to perform a recovery
-    // fsck for deduplicated partitions, hold off on warning about verity. We
-    // can handle both verity and the recovery fsck in the same reboot cycle.
-    if (verity_enabled && dedup.empty()) {
-        // Allow remount but warn of likely bad effects
-        bool both = system_verified && vendor_verified;
-        WriteFdFmt(fd.get(), "dm_verity is enabled on the %s%s%s partition%s.\n",
-                   system_verified ? "system" : "", both ? " and " : "",
-                   vendor_verified ? "vendor" : "", both ? "s" : "");
-        WriteFdExactly(fd.get(),
-                       "Use \"adb disable-verity\" to disable verity.\n"
-                       "If you do not, remount may succeed, however, you will still "
-                       "not be able to write to these volumes.\n");
-        WriteFdExactly(fd.get(),
-                       "Alternately, use \"adb remount -R\" to disable verity "
-                       "and automatically reboot.\n");
+    // If overlayfs is supported, we don't bother trying to un-deduplicate
+    // partitions.
+    std::set<std::string> dedup;
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid() == OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported) {
+        // Find partitions that are deduplicated, and can be un-deduplicated.
+        for (const auto& part : partitions) {
+            auto partition = part;
+            if ((part == "/") && !find_mount("/system", false).empty()) partition = "/system";
+            std::string dev = find_mount(partition.c_str(), partition == "/");
+            if (dev.empty() || !fs_mgr_has_shared_blocks(partition, dev)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (can_unshare_blocks(fd.get(), dev.c_str())) {
+                dedup.emplace(partition);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Reboot now if the user requested it (and an operation needs a reboot).
+        if (user_requested_reboot) {
+            if (!dedup.empty()) {
+                reboot_for_remount(fd.get(), !dedup.empty());
+                return;
+            }
+            WriteFdExactly(fd.get(), "No reboot needed, skipping -R.\n");
+        }
     }
 
     bool success = true;
diff --git a/adb/daemon/services.cpp b/adb/daemon/services.cpp
index 8417690..5ae210f 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/services.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/services.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include <thread>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/parsenetaddress.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
@@ -103,7 +104,9 @@
     if (reboot_arg.empty()) reboot_arg = "adb";
     std::string reboot_string = android::base::StringPrintf("reboot,%s", reboot_arg.c_str());
 
-    if (reboot_arg == "fastboot" && access("/dev/socket/recovery", F_OK) == 0) {
+    if (reboot_arg == "fastboot" &&
+        android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.boot.dynamic_partitions", false) &&
+        access("/dev/socket/recovery", F_OK) == 0) {
         LOG(INFO) << "Recovery specific reboot fastboot";
         /*
          * The socket is created to allow switching between recovery and
@@ -148,14 +151,17 @@
     kick_transport(t);
 }
 
-unique_fd reverse_service(const char* command, atransport* transport) {
+unique_fd reverse_service(std::string_view command, atransport* transport) {
+    // TODO: Switch handle_forward_request to std::string_view.
+    std::string str(command);
+
     int s[2];
     if (adb_socketpair(s)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "cannot create service socket pair.";
         return unique_fd{};
     }
     VLOG(SERVICES) << "service socketpair: " << s[0] << ", " << s[1];
-    if (!handle_forward_request(command, transport, s[1])) {
+    if (!handle_forward_request(str.c_str(), transport, s[1])) {
         SendFail(s[1], "not a reverse forwarding command");
     }
     adb_close(s[1]);
@@ -164,15 +170,16 @@
 
 // Shell service string can look like:
 //   shell[,arg1,arg2,...]:[command]
-unique_fd ShellService(const std::string& args, const atransport* transport) {
+unique_fd ShellService(std::string_view args, const atransport* transport) {
     size_t delimiter_index = args.find(':');
     if (delimiter_index == std::string::npos) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "No ':' found in shell service arguments: " << args;
         return unique_fd{};
     }
 
-    const std::string service_args = args.substr(0, delimiter_index);
-    const std::string command = args.substr(delimiter_index + 1);
+    // TODO: android::base::Split(const std::string_view&, ...)
+    std::string service_args(args.substr(0, delimiter_index));
+    std::string command(args.substr(delimiter_index + 1));
 
     // Defaults:
     //   PTY for interactive, raw for non-interactive.
@@ -189,69 +196,210 @@
             type = SubprocessType::kPty;
         } else if (arg == kShellServiceArgShellProtocol) {
             protocol = SubprocessProtocol::kShell;
-        } else if (android::base::StartsWith(arg, "TERM=")) {
-            terminal_type = arg.substr(5);
+        } else if (arg.starts_with("TERM=")) {
+            terminal_type = arg.substr(strlen("TERM="));
         } else if (!arg.empty()) {
             // This is not an error to allow for future expansion.
             LOG(WARNING) << "Ignoring unknown shell service argument: " << arg;
         }
     }
 
-    return StartSubprocess(command.c_str(), terminal_type.c_str(), type, protocol);
+    return StartSubprocess(command, terminal_type.c_str(), type, protocol);
 }
 
-unique_fd daemon_service_to_fd(const char* name, atransport* transport) {
-    if (!strncmp("dev:", name, 4)) {
-        return unique_fd{unix_open(name + 4, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)};
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "framebuffer:", 12)) {
+static void spin_service(unique_fd fd) {
+    if (!__android_log_is_debuggable()) {
+        WriteFdExactly(fd.get(), "refusing to spin on non-debuggable build\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // A service that creates an fdevent that's always pending, and then ignores it.
+    unique_fd pipe_read, pipe_write;
+    if (!Pipe(&pipe_read, &pipe_write)) {
+        WriteFdExactly(fd.get(), "failed to create pipe\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    fdevent_run_on_main_thread([fd = pipe_read.release()]() {
+        fdevent* fde = fdevent_create(fd, [](int, unsigned, void*) {}, nullptr);
+        fdevent_add(fde, FDE_READ);
+    });
+
+    WriteFdExactly(fd.get(), "spinning\n");
+}
+
+struct ServiceSocket : public asocket {
+    ServiceSocket() {
+        install_local_socket(this);
+        this->enqueue = [](asocket* self, apacket::payload_type data) {
+            return static_cast<ServiceSocket*>(self)->Enqueue(std::move(data));
+        };
+        this->ready = [](asocket* self) { return static_cast<ServiceSocket*>(self)->Ready(); };
+        this->close = [](asocket* self) { return static_cast<ServiceSocket*>(self)->Close(); };
+    }
+    virtual ~ServiceSocket() = default;
+
+    virtual int Enqueue(apacket::payload_type data) { return -1; }
+    virtual void Ready() {}
+    virtual void Close() {
+        if (peer) {
+            peer->peer = nullptr;
+            if (peer->shutdown) {
+                peer->shutdown(peer);
+            }
+            peer->close(peer);
+        }
+
+        remove_socket(this);
+        delete this;
+    }
+};
+
+struct SinkSocket : public ServiceSocket {
+    explicit SinkSocket(size_t byte_count) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Creating new SinkSocket with capacity " << byte_count;
+        bytes_left_ = byte_count;
+    }
+
+    virtual ~SinkSocket() { LOG(INFO) << "SinkSocket destroyed"; }
+
+    virtual int Enqueue(apacket::payload_type data) override final {
+        if (bytes_left_ <= data.size()) {
+            // Done reading.
+            Close();
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        bytes_left_ -= data.size();
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    size_t bytes_left_;
+};
+
+struct SourceSocket : public ServiceSocket {
+    explicit SourceSocket(size_t byte_count) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Creating new SourceSocket with capacity " << byte_count;
+        bytes_left_ = byte_count;
+    }
+
+    virtual ~SourceSocket() { LOG(INFO) << "SourceSocket destroyed"; }
+
+    void Ready() {
+        size_t len = std::min(bytes_left_, get_max_payload());
+        if (len == 0) {
+            Close();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Block block(len);
+        memset(block.data(), 0, block.size());
+        peer->enqueue(peer, std::move(block));
+        bytes_left_ -= len;
+    }
+
+    int Enqueue(apacket::payload_type data) { return -1; }
+
+    size_t bytes_left_;
+};
+
+asocket* daemon_service_to_socket(std::string_view name) {
+    if (name == "jdwp") {
+        return create_jdwp_service_socket();
+    } else if (name == "track-jdwp") {
+        return create_jdwp_tracker_service_socket();
+    } else if (name.starts_with("sink:")) {
+        name.remove_prefix(strlen("sink:"));
+        uint64_t byte_count = 0;
+        if (!android::base::ParseUint(name.data(), &byte_count)) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return new SinkSocket(byte_count);
+    } else if (name.starts_with("source:")) {
+        name.remove_prefix(strlen("source:"));
+        uint64_t byte_count = 0;
+        if (!android::base::ParseUint(name.data(), &byte_count)) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return new SourceSocket(byte_count);
+    }
+
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+unique_fd daemon_service_to_fd(std::string_view name, atransport* transport) {
+#ifndef __ANDROID_RECOVERY__
+    if (name.starts_with("abb:")) {
+        name.remove_prefix(strlen("abb:"));
+        return execute_binder_command(name);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (name.starts_with("dev:")) {
+        name.remove_prefix(strlen("dev:"));
+        return unique_fd{unix_open(name, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)};
+    } else if (name.starts_with("framebuffer:")) {
         return create_service_thread("fb", framebuffer_service);
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "jdwp:", 5)) {
-        return create_jdwp_connection_fd(atoi(name + 5));
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "shell", 5)) {
-        return ShellService(name + 5, transport);
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "exec:", 5)) {
-        return StartSubprocess(name + 5, nullptr, SubprocessType::kRaw, SubprocessProtocol::kNone);
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "sync:", 5)) {
+    } else if (name.starts_with("jdwp:")) {
+        name.remove_prefix(strlen("jdwp:"));
+        std::string str(name);
+        return create_jdwp_connection_fd(atoi(str.c_str()));
+    } else if (name.starts_with("shell")) {
+        name.remove_prefix(strlen("shell"));
+        return ShellService(name, transport);
+    } else if (name.starts_with("exec:")) {
+        name.remove_prefix(strlen("exec:"));
+        return StartSubprocess(std::string(name), nullptr, SubprocessType::kRaw,
+                               SubprocessProtocol::kNone);
+    } else if (name.starts_with("sync:")) {
         return create_service_thread("sync", file_sync_service);
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "remount:", 8)) {
-        std::string options(name + strlen("remount:"));
+    } else if (name.starts_with("remount:")) {
+        std::string arg(name.begin() + strlen("remount:"), name.end());
         return create_service_thread("remount",
-                                     std::bind(remount_service, std::placeholders::_1, options));
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "reboot:", 7)) {
-        std::string arg(name + strlen("reboot:"));
+                                     std::bind(remount_service, std::placeholders::_1, arg));
+    } else if (name.starts_with("reboot:")) {
+        std::string arg(name.begin() + strlen("reboot:"), name.end());
         return create_service_thread("reboot",
                                      std::bind(reboot_service, std::placeholders::_1, arg));
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "root:", 5)) {
+    } else if (name.starts_with("root:")) {
         return create_service_thread("root", restart_root_service);
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "unroot:", 7)) {
+    } else if (name.starts_with("unroot:")) {
         return create_service_thread("unroot", restart_unroot_service);
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "backup:", 7)) {
-        return StartSubprocess(
-                android::base::StringPrintf("/system/bin/bu backup %s", (name + 7)).c_str(),
-                nullptr, SubprocessType::kRaw, SubprocessProtocol::kNone);
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "restore:", 8)) {
+    } else if (name.starts_with("backup:")) {
+        name.remove_prefix(strlen("backup:"));
+        std::string cmd = "/system/bin/bu backup ";
+        cmd += name;
+        return StartSubprocess(cmd, nullptr, SubprocessType::kRaw, SubprocessProtocol::kNone);
+    } else if (name.starts_with("restore:")) {
         return StartSubprocess("/system/bin/bu restore", nullptr, SubprocessType::kRaw,
                                SubprocessProtocol::kNone);
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "tcpip:", 6)) {
+    } else if (name.starts_with("tcpip:")) {
+        name.remove_prefix(strlen("tcpip:"));
+        std::string str(name);
+
         int port;
-        if (sscanf(name + 6, "%d", &port) != 1) {
+        if (sscanf(str.c_str(), "%d", &port) != 1) {
             return unique_fd{};
         }
         return create_service_thread("tcp",
                                      std::bind(restart_tcp_service, std::placeholders::_1, port));
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "usb:", 4)) {
+    } else if (name.starts_with("usb:")) {
         return create_service_thread("usb", restart_usb_service);
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "reverse:", 8)) {
-        return reverse_service(name + 8, transport);
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "disable-verity:", 15)) {
+    } else if (name.starts_with("reverse:")) {
+        name.remove_prefix(strlen("reverse:"));
+        return reverse_service(name, transport);
+    } else if (name.starts_with("disable-verity:")) {
         return create_service_thread("verity-on", std::bind(set_verity_enabled_state_service,
                                                             std::placeholders::_1, false));
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "enable-verity:", 15)) {
+    } else if (name.starts_with("enable-verity:")) {
         return create_service_thread("verity-off", std::bind(set_verity_enabled_state_service,
                                                              std::placeholders::_1, true));
-    } else if (!strcmp(name, "reconnect")) {
+    } else if (name == "reconnect") {
         return create_service_thread(
                 "reconnect", std::bind(reconnect_service, std::placeholders::_1, transport));
+    } else if (name == "spin") {
+        return create_service_thread("spin", spin_service);
     }
+
     return unique_fd{};
 }
diff --git a/adb/daemon/shell_service.cpp b/adb/daemon/shell_service.cpp
index 01097ac..455595f 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/shell_service.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/shell_service.cpp
@@ -140,8 +140,8 @@
 
 class Subprocess {
   public:
-    Subprocess(const std::string& command, const char* terminal_type,
-               SubprocessType type, SubprocessProtocol protocol);
+    Subprocess(std::string command, const char* terminal_type, SubprocessType type,
+               SubprocessProtocol protocol, bool make_pty_raw);
     ~Subprocess();
 
     const std::string& command() const { return command_; }
@@ -154,6 +154,10 @@
     // and exec's the child. Returns false and sets error on failure.
     bool ForkAndExec(std::string* _Nonnull error);
 
+    // Sets up FDs, starts a thread executing command and the manager thread,
+    // Returns false and sets error on failure.
+    bool ExecInProcess(Command command, std::string* _Nonnull error);
+
     // Start the subprocess manager thread. Consumes the subprocess, regardless of success.
     // Returns false and sets error on failure.
     static bool StartThread(std::unique_ptr<Subprocess> subprocess,
@@ -177,9 +181,9 @@
 
     const std::string command_;
     const std::string terminal_type_;
-    bool make_pty_raw_ = false;
     SubprocessType type_;
     SubprocessProtocol protocol_;
+    bool make_pty_raw_;
     pid_t pid_ = -1;
     unique_fd local_socket_sfd_;
 
@@ -191,25 +195,13 @@
     DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(Subprocess);
 };
 
-Subprocess::Subprocess(const std::string& command, const char* terminal_type,
-                       SubprocessType type, SubprocessProtocol protocol)
-    : command_(command),
+Subprocess::Subprocess(std::string command, const char* terminal_type, SubprocessType type,
+                       SubprocessProtocol protocol, bool make_pty_raw)
+    : command_(std::move(command)),
       terminal_type_(terminal_type ? terminal_type : ""),
       type_(type),
-      protocol_(protocol) {
-    // If we aren't using the shell protocol we must allocate a PTY to properly close the
-    // subprocess. PTYs automatically send SIGHUP to the slave-side process when the master side
-    // of the PTY closes, which we rely on. If we use a raw pipe, processes that don't read/write,
-    // e.g. screenrecord, will never notice the broken pipe and terminate.
-    // The shell protocol doesn't require a PTY because it's always monitoring the local socket FD
-    // with select() and will send SIGHUP manually to the child process.
-    if (protocol_ == SubprocessProtocol::kNone && type_ == SubprocessType::kRaw) {
-        // Disable PTY input/output processing since the client is expecting raw data.
-        D("Can't create raw subprocess without shell protocol, using PTY in raw mode instead");
-        type_ = SubprocessType::kPty;
-        make_pty_raw_ = true;
-    }
-}
+      protocol_(protocol),
+      make_pty_raw_(make_pty_raw) {}
 
 Subprocess::~Subprocess() {
     WaitForExit();
@@ -273,7 +265,7 @@
     }
 
     std::vector<std::string> joined_env;
-    for (auto it : env) {
+    for (const auto& it : env) {
         const char* key = it.first.c_str();
         const char* value = it.second.c_str();
         joined_env.push_back(android::base::StringPrintf("%s=%s", key, value));
@@ -430,6 +422,67 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+bool Subprocess::ExecInProcess(Command command, std::string* _Nonnull error) {
+    unique_fd child_stdinout_sfd, child_stderr_sfd;
+
+    CHECK(type_ == SubprocessType::kRaw);
+    CHECK(protocol_ == SubprocessProtocol::kShell);
+
+    __android_log_security_bswrite(SEC_TAG_ADB_SHELL_CMD, command_.c_str());
+
+    if (!CreateSocketpair(&stdinout_sfd_, &child_stdinout_sfd)) {
+        *error = android::base::StringPrintf("failed to create socketpair for stdin/out: %s",
+                                             strerror(errno));
+        return false;
+    }
+    // Raw subprocess + shell protocol allows for splitting stderr.
+    if (!CreateSocketpair(&stderr_sfd_, &child_stderr_sfd)) {
+        *error = android::base::StringPrintf("failed to create socketpair for stderr: %s",
+                                             strerror(errno));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    D("execinprocess: stdin/stdout FD = %d, stderr FD = %d", stdinout_sfd_.get(),
+      stderr_sfd_.get());
+
+    // Required for shell protocol: create another socketpair to intercept data.
+    if (!CreateSocketpair(&protocol_sfd_, &local_socket_sfd_)) {
+        *error = android::base::StringPrintf("failed to create socketpair to intercept data: %s",
+                                             strerror(errno));
+        return false;
+    }
+    D("protocol FD = %d", protocol_sfd_.get());
+
+    input_ = std::make_unique<ShellProtocol>(protocol_sfd_);
+    output_ = std::make_unique<ShellProtocol>(protocol_sfd_);
+    if (!input_ || !output_) {
+        *error = "failed to allocate shell protocol objects";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Don't let reads/writes to the subprocess block our thread. This isn't
+    // likely but could happen under unusual circumstances, such as if we
+    // write a ton of data to stdin but the subprocess never reads it and
+    // the pipe fills up.
+    for (int fd : {stdinout_sfd_.get(), stderr_sfd_.get()}) {
+        if (fd >= 0) {
+            if (!set_file_block_mode(fd, false)) {
+                *error = android::base::StringPrintf("failed to set non-blocking mode for fd %d",
+                                                     fd);
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::thread([inout_sfd = std::move(child_stdinout_sfd), err_sfd = std::move(child_stderr_sfd),
+                 command = std::move(command),
+                 args = command_]() { command(args, inout_sfd, inout_sfd, err_sfd); })
+            .detach();
+
+    D("execinprocess: completed");
+    return true;
+}
+
 bool Subprocess::StartThread(std::unique_ptr<Subprocess> subprocess, std::string* error) {
     Subprocess* raw = subprocess.release();
     std::thread(ThreadHandler, raw).detach();
@@ -512,7 +565,9 @@
                 // needed (e.g. SIGINT), pass those through the shell protocol
                 // and only fall back on this for unexpected closures.
                 D("protocol FD died, sending SIGHUP to pid %d", pid_);
-                kill(pid_, SIGHUP);
+                if (pid_ != -1) {
+                    kill(pid_, SIGHUP);
+                }
 
                 // We also need to close the pipes connected to the child process
                 // so that if it ignores SIGHUP and continues to write data it
@@ -682,7 +737,7 @@
     int exit_code = 1;
 
     D("waiting for pid %d", pid_);
-    while (true) {
+    while (pid_ != -1) {
         int status;
         if (pid_ == waitpid(pid_, &status, 0)) {
             D("post waitpid (pid=%d) status=%04x", pid_, status);
@@ -716,7 +771,7 @@
 }  // namespace
 
 // Create a pipe containing the error.
-static unique_fd ReportError(SubprocessProtocol protocol, const std::string& message) {
+unique_fd ReportError(SubprocessProtocol protocol, const std::string& message) {
     unique_fd read, write;
     if (!Pipe(&read, &write)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "failed to create pipe to report error";
@@ -745,23 +800,51 @@
     return read;
 }
 
-unique_fd StartSubprocess(const char* name, const char* terminal_type, SubprocessType type,
+unique_fd StartSubprocess(std::string name, const char* terminal_type, SubprocessType type,
                           SubprocessProtocol protocol) {
+    // If we aren't using the shell protocol we must allocate a PTY to properly close the
+    // subprocess. PTYs automatically send SIGHUP to the slave-side process when the master side
+    // of the PTY closes, which we rely on. If we use a raw pipe, processes that don't read/write,
+    // e.g. screenrecord, will never notice the broken pipe and terminate.
+    // The shell protocol doesn't require a PTY because it's always monitoring the local socket FD
+    // with select() and will send SIGHUP manually to the child process.
+    bool make_pty_raw = false;
+    if (protocol == SubprocessProtocol::kNone && type == SubprocessType::kRaw) {
+        // Disable PTY input/output processing since the client is expecting raw data.
+        D("Can't create raw subprocess without shell protocol, using PTY in raw mode instead");
+        type = SubprocessType::kPty;
+        make_pty_raw = true;
+    }
+
+    unique_fd error_fd;
+    unique_fd fd = StartSubprocess(std::move(name), terminal_type, type, protocol, make_pty_raw,
+                                   protocol, &error_fd);
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        return error_fd;
+    }
+    return fd;
+}
+
+unique_fd StartSubprocess(std::string name, const char* terminal_type, SubprocessType type,
+                          SubprocessProtocol protocol, bool make_pty_raw,
+                          SubprocessProtocol error_protocol, unique_fd* error_fd) {
     D("starting %s subprocess (protocol=%s, TERM=%s): '%s'",
       type == SubprocessType::kRaw ? "raw" : "PTY",
-      protocol == SubprocessProtocol::kNone ? "none" : "shell",
-      terminal_type, name);
+      protocol == SubprocessProtocol::kNone ? "none" : "shell", terminal_type, name.c_str());
 
-    auto subprocess = std::make_unique<Subprocess>(name, terminal_type, type, protocol);
+    auto subprocess = std::make_unique<Subprocess>(std::move(name), terminal_type, type, protocol,
+                                                   make_pty_raw);
     if (!subprocess) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "failed to allocate new subprocess";
-        return ReportError(protocol, "failed to allocate new subprocess");
+        *error_fd = ReportError(error_protocol, "failed to allocate new subprocess");
+        return {};
     }
 
     std::string error;
     if (!subprocess->ForkAndExec(&error)) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "failed to start subprocess: " << error;
-        return ReportError(protocol, error);
+        *error_fd = ReportError(error_protocol, error);
+        return {};
     }
 
     unique_fd local_socket(subprocess->ReleaseLocalSocket());
@@ -770,6 +853,40 @@
 
     if (!Subprocess::StartThread(std::move(subprocess), &error)) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "failed to start subprocess management thread: " << error;
+        *error_fd = ReportError(error_protocol, error);
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    return local_socket;
+}
+
+unique_fd StartCommandInProcess(std::string name, Command command) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "StartCommandInProcess(" << dump_hex(name.data(), name.size()) << ")";
+
+    constexpr auto terminal_type = "";
+    constexpr auto type = SubprocessType::kRaw;
+    constexpr auto protocol = SubprocessProtocol::kShell;
+    constexpr auto make_pty_raw = false;
+
+    auto subprocess = std::make_unique<Subprocess>(std::move(name), terminal_type, type, protocol,
+                                                   make_pty_raw);
+    if (!subprocess) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "failed to allocate new subprocess";
+        return ReportError(protocol, "failed to allocate new subprocess");
+    }
+
+    std::string error;
+    if (!subprocess->ExecInProcess(std::move(command), &error)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "failed to start subprocess: " << error;
+        return ReportError(protocol, error);
+    }
+
+    unique_fd local_socket(subprocess->ReleaseLocalSocket());
+    D("inprocess creation successful: local_socket_fd=%d, pid=%d", local_socket.get(),
+      subprocess->pid());
+
+    if (!Subprocess::StartThread(std::move(subprocess), &error)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "failed to start inprocess management thread: " << error;
         return ReportError(protocol, error);
     }
 
diff --git a/adb/daemon/shell_service.h b/adb/daemon/shell_service.h
index 2a48923..fc66377 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/shell_service.h
+++ b/adb/daemon/shell_service.h
@@ -16,8 +16,12 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <string>
+
 #include "adb_unique_fd.h"
 
+#include <string_view>
+
 enum class SubprocessType {
     kPty,
     kRaw,
@@ -32,5 +36,20 @@
 // shell is started, otherwise |name| is executed non-interactively.
 //
 // Returns an open FD connected to the subprocess or -1 on failure.
-unique_fd StartSubprocess(const char* name, const char* terminal_type, SubprocessType type,
+unique_fd StartSubprocess(std::string name, const char* terminal_type, SubprocessType type,
                           SubprocessProtocol protocol);
+
+// The same as above but with more fined grained control and custom error handling.
+unique_fd StartSubprocess(std::string name, const char* terminal_type, SubprocessType type,
+                          SubprocessProtocol protocol, bool make_pty_raw,
+                          SubprocessProtocol error_protocol, unique_fd* error_fd);
+
+// Executes |command| in a separate thread.
+// Sets up in/out and error streams to emulate shell-like behavior.
+//
+// Returns an open FD connected to the thread or -1 on failure.
+using Command = int(std::string_view args, int in, int out, int err);
+unique_fd StartCommandInProcess(std::string name, Command command);
+
+// Create a pipe containing the error.
+unique_fd ReportError(SubprocessProtocol protocol, const std::string& message);
diff --git a/adb/daemon/usb.cpp b/adb/daemon/usb.cpp
index 9d495b0..f603d13 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/usb.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/usb.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -18,528 +18,568 @@
 
 #include "sysdeps.h"
 
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
-#include <linux/usb/ch9.h>
-#include <linux/usb/functionfs.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <atomic>
-#include <chrono>
-#include <condition_variable>
+#include <linux/usb/functionfs.h>
+#include <sys/eventfd.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <future>
+#include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <thread>
+#include <optional>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <asyncio/AsyncIO.h>
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
 
-#include "adb.h"
-#include "adbd/usb.h"
+#include <adbd/usb.h>
+
+#include "adb_unique_fd.h"
+#include "adb_utils.h"
+#include "sysdeps/chrono.h"
 #include "transport.h"
+#include "types.h"
 
-using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
 
-#define MAX_PACKET_SIZE_FS 64
-#define MAX_PACKET_SIZE_HS 512
-#define MAX_PACKET_SIZE_SS 1024
+static constexpr size_t kUsbReadQueueDepth = 16;
+static constexpr size_t kUsbReadSize = 16384;
 
-#define USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE 16384
+static constexpr size_t kUsbWriteQueueDepth = 16;
 
-// Number of buffers needed to fit MAX_PAYLOAD, with an extra for ZLPs.
-#define USB_FFS_NUM_BUFS ((4 * MAX_PAYLOAD / USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE) + 1)
-
-#define cpu_to_le16(x) htole16(x)
-#define cpu_to_le32(x) htole32(x)
-
-static unique_fd& dummy_fd = *new unique_fd();
-
-struct func_desc {
-    struct usb_interface_descriptor intf;
-    struct usb_endpoint_descriptor_no_audio source;
-    struct usb_endpoint_descriptor_no_audio sink;
-} __attribute__((packed));
-
-struct ss_func_desc {
-    struct usb_interface_descriptor intf;
-    struct usb_endpoint_descriptor_no_audio source;
-    struct usb_ss_ep_comp_descriptor source_comp;
-    struct usb_endpoint_descriptor_no_audio sink;
-    struct usb_ss_ep_comp_descriptor sink_comp;
-} __attribute__((packed));
-
-struct desc_v1 {
-    struct usb_functionfs_descs_head_v1 {
-        __le32 magic;
-        __le32 length;
-        __le32 fs_count;
-        __le32 hs_count;
-    } __attribute__((packed)) header;
-    struct func_desc fs_descs, hs_descs;
-} __attribute__((packed));
-
-struct desc_v2 {
-    struct usb_functionfs_descs_head_v2 header;
-    // The rest of the structure depends on the flags in the header.
-    __le32 fs_count;
-    __le32 hs_count;
-    __le32 ss_count;
-    __le32 os_count;
-    struct func_desc fs_descs, hs_descs;
-    struct ss_func_desc ss_descs;
-    struct usb_os_desc_header os_header;
-    struct usb_ext_compat_desc os_desc;
-} __attribute__((packed));
-
-static struct func_desc fs_descriptors = {
-    .intf = {
-        .bLength = sizeof(fs_descriptors.intf),
-        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE,
-        .bInterfaceNumber = 0,
-        .bNumEndpoints = 2,
-        .bInterfaceClass = ADB_CLASS,
-        .bInterfaceSubClass = ADB_SUBCLASS,
-        .bInterfaceProtocol = ADB_PROTOCOL,
-        .iInterface = 1, /* first string from the provided table */
-    },
-    .source = {
-        .bLength = sizeof(fs_descriptors.source),
-        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
-        .bEndpointAddress = 1 | USB_DIR_OUT,
-        .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK,
-        .wMaxPacketSize = MAX_PACKET_SIZE_FS,
-    },
-    .sink = {
-        .bLength = sizeof(fs_descriptors.sink),
-        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
-        .bEndpointAddress = 2 | USB_DIR_IN,
-        .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK,
-        .wMaxPacketSize = MAX_PACKET_SIZE_FS,
-    },
-};
-
-static struct func_desc hs_descriptors = {
-    .intf = {
-        .bLength = sizeof(hs_descriptors.intf),
-        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE,
-        .bInterfaceNumber = 0,
-        .bNumEndpoints = 2,
-        .bInterfaceClass = ADB_CLASS,
-        .bInterfaceSubClass = ADB_SUBCLASS,
-        .bInterfaceProtocol = ADB_PROTOCOL,
-        .iInterface = 1, /* first string from the provided table */
-    },
-    .source = {
-        .bLength = sizeof(hs_descriptors.source),
-        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
-        .bEndpointAddress = 1 | USB_DIR_OUT,
-        .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK,
-        .wMaxPacketSize = MAX_PACKET_SIZE_HS,
-    },
-    .sink = {
-        .bLength = sizeof(hs_descriptors.sink),
-        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
-        .bEndpointAddress = 2 | USB_DIR_IN,
-        .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK,
-        .wMaxPacketSize = MAX_PACKET_SIZE_HS,
-    },
-};
-
-static struct ss_func_desc ss_descriptors = {
-    .intf = {
-        .bLength = sizeof(ss_descriptors.intf),
-        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE,
-        .bInterfaceNumber = 0,
-        .bNumEndpoints = 2,
-        .bInterfaceClass = ADB_CLASS,
-        .bInterfaceSubClass = ADB_SUBCLASS,
-        .bInterfaceProtocol = ADB_PROTOCOL,
-        .iInterface = 1, /* first string from the provided table */
-    },
-    .source = {
-        .bLength = sizeof(ss_descriptors.source),
-        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
-        .bEndpointAddress = 1 | USB_DIR_OUT,
-        .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK,
-        .wMaxPacketSize = MAX_PACKET_SIZE_SS,
-    },
-    .source_comp = {
-        .bLength = sizeof(ss_descriptors.source_comp),
-        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_SS_ENDPOINT_COMP,
-        .bMaxBurst = 4,
-    },
-    .sink = {
-        .bLength = sizeof(ss_descriptors.sink),
-        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
-        .bEndpointAddress = 2 | USB_DIR_IN,
-        .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK,
-        .wMaxPacketSize = MAX_PACKET_SIZE_SS,
-    },
-    .sink_comp = {
-        .bLength = sizeof(ss_descriptors.sink_comp),
-        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_SS_ENDPOINT_COMP,
-        .bMaxBurst = 4,
-    },
-};
-
-struct usb_ext_compat_desc os_desc_compat = {
-    .bFirstInterfaceNumber = 0,
-    .Reserved1 = cpu_to_le32(1),
-    .CompatibleID = {0},
-    .SubCompatibleID = {0},
-    .Reserved2 = {0},
-};
-
-static struct usb_os_desc_header os_desc_header = {
-    .interface = cpu_to_le32(1),
-    .dwLength = cpu_to_le32(sizeof(os_desc_header) + sizeof(os_desc_compat)),
-    .bcdVersion = cpu_to_le32(1),
-    .wIndex = cpu_to_le32(4),
-    .bCount = cpu_to_le32(1),
-    .Reserved = cpu_to_le32(0),
-};
-
-#define STR_INTERFACE_ "ADB Interface"
-
-static const struct {
-    struct usb_functionfs_strings_head header;
-    struct {
-        __le16 code;
-        const char str1[sizeof(STR_INTERFACE_)];
-    } __attribute__((packed)) lang0;
-} __attribute__((packed)) strings = {
-    .header = {
-        .magic = cpu_to_le32(FUNCTIONFS_STRINGS_MAGIC),
-        .length = cpu_to_le32(sizeof(strings)),
-        .str_count = cpu_to_le32(1),
-        .lang_count = cpu_to_le32(1),
-    },
-    .lang0 = {
-        cpu_to_le16(0x0409), /* en-us */
-        STR_INTERFACE_,
-    },
-};
-
-static void aio_block_init(aio_block* aiob, unsigned num_bufs) {
-    aiob->iocb.resize(num_bufs);
-    aiob->iocbs.resize(num_bufs);
-    aiob->events.resize(num_bufs);
-    aiob->num_submitted = 0;
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_bufs; i++) {
-        aiob->iocbs[i] = &aiob->iocb[i];
-    }
-    memset(&aiob->ctx, 0, sizeof(aiob->ctx));
-    if (io_setup(num_bufs, &aiob->ctx)) {
-        D("[ aio: got error on io_setup (%d) ]", errno);
+static const char* to_string(enum usb_functionfs_event_type type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case FUNCTIONFS_BIND:
+            return "FUNCTIONFS_BIND";
+        case FUNCTIONFS_UNBIND:
+            return "FUNCTIONFS_UNBIND";
+        case FUNCTIONFS_ENABLE:
+            return "FUNCTIONFS_ENABLE";
+        case FUNCTIONFS_DISABLE:
+            return "FUNCTIONFS_DISABLE";
+        case FUNCTIONFS_SETUP:
+            return "FUNCTIONFS_SETUP";
+        case FUNCTIONFS_SUSPEND:
+            return "FUNCTIONFS_SUSPEND";
+        case FUNCTIONFS_RESUME:
+            return "FUNCTIONFS_RESUME";
     }
 }
 
-static int getMaxPacketSize(int ffs_fd) {
-    usb_endpoint_descriptor desc;
-    if (ioctl(ffs_fd, FUNCTIONFS_ENDPOINT_DESC, reinterpret_cast<unsigned long>(&desc))) {
-        D("[ could not get endpoint descriptor! (%d) ]", errno);
-        return MAX_PACKET_SIZE_HS;
-    } else {
-        return desc.wMaxPacketSize;
+enum class TransferDirection : uint64_t {
+    READ = 0,
+    WRITE = 1,
+};
+
+struct TransferId {
+    TransferDirection direction : 1;
+    uint64_t id : 63;
+
+    TransferId() : TransferId(TransferDirection::READ, 0) {}
+
+  private:
+    TransferId(TransferDirection direction, uint64_t id) : direction(direction), id(id) {}
+
+  public:
+    explicit operator uint64_t() const {
+        uint64_t result;
+        static_assert(sizeof(*this) == sizeof(result));
+        memcpy(&result, this, sizeof(*this));
+        return result;
     }
-}
 
-static bool init_functionfs(struct usb_handle* h) {
-    LOG(INFO) << "initializing functionfs";
+    static TransferId read(uint64_t id) { return TransferId(TransferDirection::READ, id); }
+    static TransferId write(uint64_t id) { return TransferId(TransferDirection::WRITE, id); }
 
-    ssize_t ret;
-    struct desc_v1 v1_descriptor;
-    struct desc_v2 v2_descriptor;
+    static TransferId from_value(uint64_t value) {
+        TransferId result;
+        memcpy(&result, &value, sizeof(value));
+        return result;
+    }
+};
 
-    v2_descriptor.header.magic = cpu_to_le32(FUNCTIONFS_DESCRIPTORS_MAGIC_V2);
-    v2_descriptor.header.length = cpu_to_le32(sizeof(v2_descriptor));
-    v2_descriptor.header.flags = FUNCTIONFS_HAS_FS_DESC | FUNCTIONFS_HAS_HS_DESC |
-                                 FUNCTIONFS_HAS_SS_DESC | FUNCTIONFS_HAS_MS_OS_DESC;
-    v2_descriptor.fs_count = 3;
-    v2_descriptor.hs_count = 3;
-    v2_descriptor.ss_count = 5;
-    v2_descriptor.os_count = 1;
-    v2_descriptor.fs_descs = fs_descriptors;
-    v2_descriptor.hs_descs = hs_descriptors;
-    v2_descriptor.ss_descs = ss_descriptors;
-    v2_descriptor.os_header = os_desc_header;
-    v2_descriptor.os_desc = os_desc_compat;
+struct IoBlock {
+    bool pending;
+    struct iocb control;
+    Block payload;
 
-    if (h->control < 0) { // might have already done this before
-        LOG(INFO) << "opening control endpoint " << USB_FFS_ADB_EP0;
-        h->control.reset(adb_open(USB_FFS_ADB_EP0, O_WRONLY));
-        if (h->control < 0) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "cannot open control endpoint " << USB_FFS_ADB_EP0;
-            goto err;
+    TransferId id() const { return TransferId::from_value(control.aio_data); }
+};
+
+struct ScopedAioContext {
+    ScopedAioContext() = default;
+    ~ScopedAioContext() { reset(); }
+
+    ScopedAioContext(ScopedAioContext&& move) { reset(move.release()); }
+    ScopedAioContext(const ScopedAioContext& copy) = delete;
+
+    ScopedAioContext& operator=(ScopedAioContext&& move) {
+        reset(move.release());
+        return *this;
+    }
+    ScopedAioContext& operator=(const ScopedAioContext& copy) = delete;
+
+    static ScopedAioContext Create(size_t max_events) {
+        aio_context_t ctx = 0;
+        if (io_setup(max_events, &ctx) != 0) {
+            PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to create aio_context_t";
+        }
+        ScopedAioContext result;
+        result.reset(ctx);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    aio_context_t release() {
+        aio_context_t result = context_;
+        context_ = 0;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    void reset(aio_context_t new_context = 0) {
+        if (context_ != 0) {
+            io_destroy(context_);
         }
 
-        ret = adb_write(h->control.get(), &v2_descriptor, sizeof(v2_descriptor));
-        if (ret < 0) {
-            v1_descriptor.header.magic = cpu_to_le32(FUNCTIONFS_DESCRIPTORS_MAGIC);
-            v1_descriptor.header.length = cpu_to_le32(sizeof(v1_descriptor));
-            v1_descriptor.header.fs_count = 3;
-            v1_descriptor.header.hs_count = 3;
-            v1_descriptor.fs_descs = fs_descriptors;
-            v1_descriptor.hs_descs = hs_descriptors;
-            D("[ %s: Switching to V1_descriptor format errno=%d ]", USB_FFS_ADB_EP0, errno);
-            ret = adb_write(h->control.get(), &v1_descriptor, sizeof(v1_descriptor));
-            if (ret < 0) {
-                D("[ %s: write descriptors failed: errno=%d ]", USB_FFS_ADB_EP0, errno);
-                goto err;
+        context_ = new_context;
+    }
+
+    aio_context_t get() { return context_; }
+
+  private:
+    aio_context_t context_ = 0;
+};
+
+struct UsbFfsConnection : public Connection {
+    UsbFfsConnection(unique_fd control, unique_fd read, unique_fd write,
+                     std::promise<void> destruction_notifier)
+        : stopped_(false),
+          destruction_notifier_(std::move(destruction_notifier)),
+          control_fd_(std::move(control)),
+          read_fd_(std::move(read)),
+          write_fd_(std::move(write)) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "UsbFfsConnection constructed";
+        event_fd_.reset(eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC));
+        if (event_fd_ == -1) {
+            PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to create eventfd";
+        }
+
+        aio_context_ = ScopedAioContext::Create(kUsbReadQueueDepth + kUsbWriteQueueDepth);
+    }
+
+    ~UsbFfsConnection() {
+        LOG(INFO) << "UsbFfsConnection being destroyed";
+        Stop();
+        monitor_thread_.join();
+        destruction_notifier_.set_value();
+    }
+
+    virtual bool Write(std::unique_ptr<apacket> packet) override final {
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "USB write: " << dump_header(&packet->msg);
+        Block header(sizeof(packet->msg));
+        memcpy(header.data(), &packet->msg, sizeof(packet->msg));
+
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(write_mutex_);
+        write_requests_.push_back(CreateWriteBlock(std::move(header), next_write_id_++));
+        if (!packet->payload.empty()) {
+            write_requests_.push_back(
+                    CreateWriteBlock(std::move(packet->payload), next_write_id_++));
+        }
+        SubmitWrites();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual void Start() override final { StartMonitor(); }
+
+    virtual void Stop() override final {
+        if (stopped_.exchange(true)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        stopped_ = true;
+        uint64_t notify = 1;
+        ssize_t rc = adb_write(event_fd_.get(), &notify, sizeof(notify));
+        if (rc < 0) {
+            PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to notify eventfd to stop UsbFfsConnection";
+        }
+        CHECK_EQ(static_cast<size_t>(rc), sizeof(notify));
+    }
+
+  private:
+    void StartMonitor() {
+        // This is a bit of a mess.
+        // It's possible for io_submit to end up blocking, if we call it as the endpoint
+        // becomes disabled. Work around this by having a monitor thread to listen for functionfs
+        // lifecycle events. If we notice an error condition (either we've become disabled, or we
+        // were never enabled in the first place), we send interruption signals to the worker thread
+        // until it dies, and then report failure to the transport via HandleError, which will
+        // eventually result in the transport being destroyed, which will result in UsbFfsConnection
+        // being destroyed, which unblocks the open thread and restarts this entire process.
+        static constexpr int kInterruptionSignal = SIGUSR1;
+        static std::once_flag handler_once;
+        std::call_once(handler_once, []() { signal(kInterruptionSignal, [](int) {}); });
+
+        monitor_thread_ = std::thread([this]() {
+            adb_thread_setname("UsbFfs-monitor");
+
+            bool bound = false;
+            bool started = false;
+            bool running = true;
+            while (running) {
+                if (!bound || !started) {
+                    adb_pollfd pfd = {.fd = control_fd_.get(), .events = POLLIN, .revents = 0};
+                    int rc = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(adb_poll(&pfd, 1, 5000 /*ms*/));
+                    if (rc == -1) {
+                        PLOG(FATAL) << "poll on USB control fd failed";
+                    } else if (rc == 0) {
+                        // Something in the kernel presumably went wrong.
+                        // Close our endpoints, wait for a bit, and then try again.
+                        aio_context_.reset();
+                        read_fd_.reset();
+                        write_fd_.reset();
+                        control_fd_.reset();
+                        std::this_thread::sleep_for(5s);
+                        HandleError("didn't receive FUNCTIONFS_ENABLE, retrying");
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                struct usb_functionfs_event event;
+                if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(adb_read(control_fd_.get(), &event, sizeof(event))) !=
+                    sizeof(event)) {
+                    PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to read functionfs event";
+                }
+
+                LOG(INFO) << "USB event: "
+                          << to_string(static_cast<usb_functionfs_event_type>(event.type));
+
+                switch (event.type) {
+                    case FUNCTIONFS_BIND:
+                        CHECK(!started) << "received FUNCTIONFS_ENABLE while already bound?";
+                        bound = true;
+                        break;
+
+                    case FUNCTIONFS_ENABLE:
+                        CHECK(!started) << "received FUNCTIONFS_ENABLE while already running?";
+                        started = true;
+                        StartWorker();
+                        break;
+
+                    case FUNCTIONFS_DISABLE:
+                        running = false;
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            pthread_t worker_thread_handle = worker_thread_.native_handle();
+            while (true) {
+                int rc = pthread_kill(worker_thread_handle, kInterruptionSignal);
+                if (rc != 0) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "failed to send interruption signal to worker: " << strerror(rc);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
+
+                rc = pthread_kill(worker_thread_handle, 0);
+                if (rc == 0) {
+                    continue;
+                } else if (rc == ESRCH) {
+                    break;
+                } else {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "failed to send interruption signal to worker: " << strerror(rc);
+                }
+            }
+
+            worker_thread_.join();
+
+            aio_context_.reset();
+            read_fd_.reset();
+            write_fd_.reset();
+        });
+    }
+
+    void StartWorker() {
+        worker_thread_ = std::thread([this]() {
+            adb_thread_setname("UsbFfs-worker");
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < kUsbReadQueueDepth; ++i) {
+                read_requests_[i] = CreateReadBlock(next_read_id_++);
+                SubmitRead(&read_requests_[i]);
+            }
+
+            while (!stopped_) {
+                uint64_t dummy;
+                ssize_t rc = adb_read(event_fd_.get(), &dummy, sizeof(dummy));
+                if (rc == -1) {
+                    PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to read from eventfd";
+                } else if (rc == 0) {
+                    LOG(FATAL) << "hit EOF on eventfd";
+                }
+
+                WaitForEvents();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    void PrepareReadBlock(IoBlock* block, uint64_t id) {
+        block->pending = false;
+        block->payload.resize(kUsbReadSize);
+        block->control.aio_data = static_cast<uint64_t>(TransferId::read(id));
+        block->control.aio_buf = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(block->payload.data());
+        block->control.aio_nbytes = block->payload.size();
+    }
+
+    IoBlock CreateReadBlock(uint64_t id) {
+        IoBlock block;
+        PrepareReadBlock(&block, id);
+        block.control.aio_rw_flags = 0;
+        block.control.aio_lio_opcode = IOCB_CMD_PREAD;
+        block.control.aio_reqprio = 0;
+        block.control.aio_fildes = read_fd_.get();
+        block.control.aio_offset = 0;
+        block.control.aio_flags = IOCB_FLAG_RESFD;
+        block.control.aio_resfd = event_fd_.get();
+        return block;
+    }
+
+    void WaitForEvents() {
+        static constexpr size_t kMaxEvents = kUsbReadQueueDepth + kUsbWriteQueueDepth;
+        struct io_event events[kMaxEvents];
+        struct timespec timeout = {.tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 0};
+        int rc = io_getevents(aio_context_.get(), 0, kMaxEvents, events, &timeout);
+        if (rc == -1) {
+            HandleError(StringPrintf("io_getevents failed while reading: %s", strerror(errno)));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (int event_idx = 0; event_idx < rc; ++event_idx) {
+            auto& event = events[event_idx];
+            TransferId id = TransferId::from_value(event.data);
+
+            if (event.res < 0) {
+                std::string error =
+                        StringPrintf("%s %" PRIu64 " failed with error %s",
+                                     id.direction == TransferDirection::READ ? "read" : "write",
+                                     id.id, strerror(-event.res));
+                HandleError(error);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (id.direction == TransferDirection::READ) {
+                HandleRead(id, event.res);
+            } else {
+                HandleWrite(id);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void HandleRead(TransferId id, int64_t size) {
+        uint64_t read_idx = id.id % kUsbReadQueueDepth;
+        IoBlock* block = &read_requests_[read_idx];
+        block->pending = false;
+        block->payload.resize(size);
+
+        // Notification for completed reads can be received out of order.
+        if (block->id().id != needed_read_id_) {
+            LOG(VERBOSE) << "read " << block->id().id << " completed while waiting for "
+                         << needed_read_id_;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (uint64_t id = needed_read_id_;; ++id) {
+            size_t read_idx = id % kUsbReadQueueDepth;
+            IoBlock* current_block = &read_requests_[read_idx];
+            if (current_block->pending) {
+                break;
+            }
+            ProcessRead(current_block);
+            ++needed_read_id_;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ProcessRead(IoBlock* block) {
+        if (!block->payload.empty()) {
+            if (!incoming_header_.has_value()) {
+                CHECK_EQ(sizeof(amessage), block->payload.size());
+                amessage msg;
+                memcpy(&msg, block->payload.data(), sizeof(amessage));
+                LOG(DEBUG) << "USB read:" << dump_header(&msg);
+                incoming_header_ = msg;
+            } else {
+                size_t bytes_left = incoming_header_->data_length - incoming_payload_.size();
+                Block payload = std::move(block->payload);
+                CHECK_LE(payload.size(), bytes_left);
+                incoming_payload_.append(std::make_unique<Block>(std::move(payload)));
+            }
+
+            if (incoming_header_->data_length == incoming_payload_.size()) {
+                auto packet = std::make_unique<apacket>();
+                packet->msg = *incoming_header_;
+
+                // TODO: Make apacket contain an IOVector so we don't have to coalesce.
+                packet->payload = incoming_payload_.coalesce();
+                read_callback_(this, std::move(packet));
+
+                incoming_header_.reset();
+                incoming_payload_.clear();
             }
         }
 
-        ret = adb_write(h->control.get(), &strings, sizeof(strings));
-        if (ret < 0) {
-            D("[ %s: writing strings failed: errno=%d]", USB_FFS_ADB_EP0, errno);
-            goto err;
+        PrepareReadBlock(block, block->id().id + kUsbReadQueueDepth);
+        SubmitRead(block);
+    }
+
+    void SubmitRead(IoBlock* block) {
+        block->pending = true;
+        struct iocb* iocb = &block->control;
+        if (io_submit(aio_context_.get(), 1, &iocb) != 1) {
+            HandleError(StringPrintf("failed to submit read: %s", strerror(errno)));
+            return;
         }
-        //Signal only when writing the descriptors to ffs
-        android::base::SetProperty("sys.usb.ffs.ready", "1");
     }
 
-    h->bulk_out.reset(adb_open(USB_FFS_ADB_OUT, O_RDONLY));
-    if (h->bulk_out < 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "cannot open bulk-out endpoint " << USB_FFS_ADB_OUT;
-        goto err;
+    void HandleWrite(TransferId id) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(write_mutex_);
+        auto it =
+                std::find_if(write_requests_.begin(), write_requests_.end(), [id](const auto& req) {
+                    return static_cast<uint64_t>(req->id()) == static_cast<uint64_t>(id);
+                });
+        CHECK(it != write_requests_.end());
+
+        write_requests_.erase(it);
+        size_t outstanding_writes = --writes_submitted_;
+        LOG(DEBUG) << "USB write: reaped, down to " << outstanding_writes;
+
+        SubmitWrites();
     }
 
-    h->bulk_in.reset(adb_open(USB_FFS_ADB_IN, O_WRONLY));
-    if (h->bulk_in < 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "cannot open bulk-in endpoint " << USB_FFS_ADB_IN;
-        goto err;
+    std::unique_ptr<IoBlock> CreateWriteBlock(Block payload, uint64_t id) {
+        auto block = std::make_unique<IoBlock>();
+        block->payload = std::move(payload);
+        block->control.aio_data = static_cast<uint64_t>(TransferId::write(id));
+        block->control.aio_rw_flags = 0;
+        block->control.aio_lio_opcode = IOCB_CMD_PWRITE;
+        block->control.aio_reqprio = 0;
+        block->control.aio_fildes = write_fd_.get();
+        block->control.aio_buf = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(block->payload.data());
+        block->control.aio_nbytes = block->payload.size();
+        block->control.aio_offset = 0;
+        block->control.aio_flags = IOCB_FLAG_RESFD;
+        block->control.aio_resfd = event_fd_.get();
+        return block;
     }
 
-    h->read_aiob.fd = h->bulk_out;
-    h->write_aiob.fd = h->bulk_in;
-    h->reads_zero_packets = true;
-    return true;
+    void SubmitWrites() REQUIRES(write_mutex_) {
+        if (writes_submitted_ == kUsbWriteQueueDepth) {
+            return;
+        }
 
-err:
-    h->bulk_in.reset();
-    h->bulk_out.reset();
-    h->control.reset();
-    return false;
-}
+        ssize_t writes_to_submit = std::min(kUsbWriteQueueDepth - writes_submitted_,
+                                            write_requests_.size() - writes_submitted_);
+        CHECK_GE(writes_to_submit, 0);
+        if (writes_to_submit == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
 
-static void usb_ffs_open_thread(usb_handle *usb) {
+        struct iocb* iocbs[kUsbWriteQueueDepth];
+        for (int i = 0; i < writes_to_submit; ++i) {
+            CHECK(!write_requests_[writes_submitted_ + i]->pending);
+            write_requests_[writes_submitted_ + i]->pending = true;
+            iocbs[i] = &write_requests_[writes_submitted_ + i]->control;
+            LOG(VERBOSE) << "submitting write_request " << static_cast<void*>(iocbs[i]);
+        }
+
+        int rc = io_submit(aio_context_.get(), writes_to_submit, iocbs);
+        if (rc == -1) {
+            HandleError(StringPrintf("failed to submit write requests: %s", strerror(errno)));
+            return;
+        } else if (rc != writes_to_submit) {
+            LOG(FATAL) << "failed to submit all writes: wanted to submit " << writes_to_submit
+                       << ", actually submitted " << rc;
+        }
+
+        writes_submitted_ += rc;
+    }
+
+    void HandleError(const std::string& error) {
+        std::call_once(error_flag_, [&]() {
+            error_callback_(this, error);
+            if (!stopped_) {
+                Stop();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    std::thread monitor_thread_;
+    std::thread worker_thread_;
+
+    std::atomic<bool> stopped_;
+    std::promise<void> destruction_notifier_;
+    std::once_flag error_flag_;
+
+    unique_fd event_fd_;
+
+    ScopedAioContext aio_context_;
+    unique_fd control_fd_;
+    unique_fd read_fd_;
+    unique_fd write_fd_;
+
+    std::optional<amessage> incoming_header_;
+    IOVector incoming_payload_;
+
+    std::array<IoBlock, kUsbReadQueueDepth> read_requests_;
+    IOVector read_data_;
+
+    // ID of the next request that we're going to send out.
+    size_t next_read_id_ = 0;
+
+    // ID of the next packet we're waiting for.
+    size_t needed_read_id_ = 0;
+
+    std::mutex write_mutex_;
+    std::deque<std::unique_ptr<IoBlock>> write_requests_ GUARDED_BY(write_mutex_);
+    size_t next_write_id_ GUARDED_BY(write_mutex_) = 0;
+    size_t writes_submitted_ GUARDED_BY(write_mutex_) = 0;
+};
+
+static void usb_ffs_open_thread() {
     adb_thread_setname("usb ffs open");
 
     while (true) {
-        // wait until the USB device needs opening
-        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(usb->lock);
-        while (!usb->open_new_connection) {
-            usb->notify.wait(lock);
-        }
-        usb->open_new_connection = false;
-        lock.unlock();
-
-        while (true) {
-            if (init_functionfs(usb)) {
-                LOG(INFO) << "functionfs successfully initialized";
-                break;
-            }
+        unique_fd control;
+        unique_fd bulk_out;
+        unique_fd bulk_in;
+        if (!open_functionfs(&control, &bulk_out, &bulk_in)) {
             std::this_thread::sleep_for(1s);
-        }
-
-        LOG(INFO) << "registering usb transport";
-        register_usb_transport(usb, nullptr, nullptr, 1);
-    }
-
-    // never gets here
-    abort();
-}
-
-static int usb_ffs_write(usb_handle* h, const void* data, int len) {
-    D("about to write (fd=%d, len=%d)", h->bulk_in.get(), len);
-
-    const char* buf = static_cast<const char*>(data);
-    int orig_len = len;
-    while (len > 0) {
-        int write_len = std::min(USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE, len);
-        int n = adb_write(h->bulk_in, buf, write_len);
-        if (n < 0) {
-            D("ERROR: fd = %d, n = %d: %s", h->bulk_in.get(), n, strerror(errno));
-            return -1;
-        }
-        buf += n;
-        len -= n;
-    }
-
-    D("[ done fd=%d ]", h->bulk_in.get());
-    return orig_len;
-}
-
-static int usb_ffs_read(usb_handle* h, void* data, int len) {
-    D("about to read (fd=%d, len=%d)", h->bulk_out.get(), len);
-
-    char* buf = static_cast<char*>(data);
-    int orig_len = len;
-    while (len > 0) {
-        int read_len = std::min(USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE, len);
-        int n = adb_read(h->bulk_out, buf, read_len);
-        if (n < 0) {
-            D("ERROR: fd = %d, n = %d: %s", h->bulk_out.get(), n, strerror(errno));
-            return -1;
-        }
-        buf += n;
-        len -= n;
-    }
-
-    D("[ done fd=%d ]", h->bulk_out.get());
-    return orig_len;
-}
-
-static int usb_ffs_do_aio(usb_handle* h, const void* data, int len, bool read) {
-    aio_block* aiob = read ? &h->read_aiob : &h->write_aiob;
-    bool zero_packet = false;
-
-    int num_bufs = len / h->io_size + (len % h->io_size == 0 ? 0 : 1);
-    const char* cur_data = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data);
-    int packet_size = getMaxPacketSize(aiob->fd);
-
-    if (posix_madvise(const_cast<void*>(data), len, POSIX_MADV_SEQUENTIAL | POSIX_MADV_WILLNEED) <
-        0) {
-        D("[ Failed to madvise: %d ]", errno);
-    }
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < num_bufs; i++) {
-        int buf_len = std::min(len, static_cast<int>(h->io_size));
-        io_prep(&aiob->iocb[i], aiob->fd, cur_data, buf_len, 0, read);
-
-        len -= buf_len;
-        cur_data += buf_len;
-
-        if (len == 0 && buf_len % packet_size == 0 && read) {
-            // adb does not expect the device to send a zero packet after data transfer,
-            // but the host *does* send a zero packet for the device to read.
-            zero_packet = h->reads_zero_packets;
-        }
-    }
-    if (zero_packet) {
-        io_prep(&aiob->iocb[num_bufs], aiob->fd, reinterpret_cast<const void*>(cur_data),
-                packet_size, 0, read);
-        num_bufs += 1;
-    }
-
-    while (true) {
-        if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(io_submit(aiob->ctx, num_bufs, aiob->iocbs.data())) < num_bufs) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "aio: got error submitting " << (read ? "read" : "write");
-            return -1;
-        }
-        if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(io_getevents(aiob->ctx, num_bufs, num_bufs, aiob->events.data(),
-                                            nullptr)) < num_bufs) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "aio: got error waiting " << (read ? "read" : "write");
-            return -1;
-        }
-        if (num_bufs == 1 && aiob->events[0].res == -EINTR) {
             continue;
         }
-        int ret = 0;
-        for (int i = 0; i < num_bufs; i++) {
-            if (aiob->events[i].res < 0) {
-                errno = -aiob->events[i].res;
-                PLOG(ERROR) << "aio: got error event on " << (read ? "read" : "write")
-                            << " total bufs " << num_bufs;
-                return -1;
-            }
-            ret += aiob->events[i].res;
-        }
-        return ret;
+
+        atransport* transport = new atransport();
+        transport->serial = "UsbFfs";
+        std::promise<void> destruction_notifier;
+        std::future<void> future = destruction_notifier.get_future();
+        transport->SetConnection(std::make_unique<UsbFfsConnection>(
+                std::move(control), std::move(bulk_out), std::move(bulk_in),
+                std::move(destruction_notifier)));
+        register_transport(transport);
+        future.wait();
     }
 }
 
-static int usb_ffs_aio_read(usb_handle* h, void* data, int len) {
-    return usb_ffs_do_aio(h, data, len, true);
-}
-
-static int usb_ffs_aio_write(usb_handle* h, const void* data, int len) {
-    return usb_ffs_do_aio(h, data, len, false);
-}
-
-static void usb_ffs_kick(usb_handle* h) {
-    int err;
-
-    err = ioctl(h->bulk_in.get(), FUNCTIONFS_CLEAR_HALT);
-    if (err < 0) {
-        D("[ kick: source (fd=%d) clear halt failed (%d) ]", h->bulk_in.get(), errno);
-    }
-
-    err = ioctl(h->bulk_out.get(), FUNCTIONFS_CLEAR_HALT);
-    if (err < 0) {
-        D("[ kick: sink (fd=%d) clear halt failed (%d) ]", h->bulk_out.get(), errno);
-    }
-
-    // don't close ep0 here, since we may not need to reinitialize it with
-    // the same descriptors again. if however ep1/ep2 fail to re-open in
-    // init_functionfs, only then would we close and open ep0 again.
-    // Ditto the comment in usb_adb_kick.
-    h->kicked = true;
-    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup2(dummy_fd.get(), h->bulk_out.get()));
-    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup2(dummy_fd.get(), h->bulk_in.get()));
-}
-
-static void usb_ffs_close(usb_handle* h) {
-    LOG(INFO) << "closing functionfs transport";
-
-    h->kicked = false;
-    h->bulk_out.reset();
-    h->bulk_in.reset();
-
-    // Notify usb_adb_open_thread to open a new connection.
-    h->lock.lock();
-    h->open_new_connection = true;
-    h->lock.unlock();
-    h->notify.notify_one();
-}
-
-usb_handle *create_usb_handle(unsigned num_bufs, unsigned io_size) {
-    usb_handle* h = new usb_handle();
-
-    if (android::base::GetBoolProperty("sys.usb.ffs.aio_compat", false)) {
-        // Devices on older kernels (< 3.18) will not have aio support for ffs
-        // unless backported. Fall back on the non-aio functions instead.
-        h->write = usb_ffs_write;
-        h->read = usb_ffs_read;
-    } else {
-        h->write = usb_ffs_aio_write;
-        h->read = usb_ffs_aio_read;
-        aio_block_init(&h->read_aiob, num_bufs);
-        aio_block_init(&h->write_aiob, num_bufs);
-    }
-    h->io_size = io_size;
-    h->kick = usb_ffs_kick;
-    h->close = usb_ffs_close;
-    return h;
-}
-
+void usb_init_legacy();
 void usb_init() {
-    D("[ usb_init - using FunctionFS ]");
-    dummy_fd.reset(adb_open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
-    CHECK_NE(-1, dummy_fd.get());
-
-    std::thread(usb_ffs_open_thread, create_usb_handle(USB_FFS_NUM_BUFS, USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE)).detach();
-}
-
-int usb_write(usb_handle* h, const void* data, int len) {
-    return h->write(h, data, len);
-}
-
-int usb_read(usb_handle* h, void* data, int len) {
-    return h->read(h, data, len);
-}
-
-int usb_close(usb_handle* h) {
-    h->close(h);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-void usb_kick(usb_handle* h) {
-    h->kick(h);
+    if (!android::base::GetBoolProperty("persist.adb.nonblocking_ffs", false)) {
+        usb_init_legacy();
+    } else {
+        std::thread(usb_ffs_open_thread).detach();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/adb/daemon/usb_ffs.cpp b/adb/daemon/usb_ffs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07b4ba8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/adb/daemon/usb_ffs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define TRACE_TAG USB
+
+#include "sysdeps.h"
+
+#include <linux/usb/ch9.h>
+#include <linux/usb/functionfs.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+#include "adb.h"
+#include "adbd/usb.h"
+
+#define MAX_PACKET_SIZE_FS 64
+#define MAX_PACKET_SIZE_HS 512
+#define MAX_PACKET_SIZE_SS 1024
+
+#define USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE 16384
+
+// Number of buffers needed to fit MAX_PAYLOAD, with an extra for ZLPs.
+#define USB_FFS_NUM_BUFS ((4 * MAX_PAYLOAD / USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE) + 1)
+
+#define cpu_to_le16(x) htole16(x)
+#define cpu_to_le32(x) htole32(x)
+
+struct func_desc {
+    struct usb_interface_descriptor intf;
+    struct usb_endpoint_descriptor_no_audio source;
+    struct usb_endpoint_descriptor_no_audio sink;
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
+struct ss_func_desc {
+    struct usb_interface_descriptor intf;
+    struct usb_endpoint_descriptor_no_audio source;
+    struct usb_ss_ep_comp_descriptor source_comp;
+    struct usb_endpoint_descriptor_no_audio sink;
+    struct usb_ss_ep_comp_descriptor sink_comp;
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
+struct desc_v1 {
+    struct usb_functionfs_descs_head_v1 {
+        __le32 magic;
+        __le32 length;
+        __le32 fs_count;
+        __le32 hs_count;
+    } __attribute__((packed)) header;
+    struct func_desc fs_descs, hs_descs;
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
+struct desc_v2 {
+    struct usb_functionfs_descs_head_v2 header;
+    // The rest of the structure depends on the flags in the header.
+    __le32 fs_count;
+    __le32 hs_count;
+    __le32 ss_count;
+    __le32 os_count;
+    struct func_desc fs_descs, hs_descs;
+    struct ss_func_desc ss_descs;
+    struct usb_os_desc_header os_header;
+    struct usb_ext_compat_desc os_desc;
+} __attribute__((packed));
+
+// clang-format off
+static struct func_desc fs_descriptors = {
+    .intf = {
+        .bLength = sizeof(fs_descriptors.intf),
+        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE,
+        .bInterfaceNumber = 0,
+        .bNumEndpoints = 2,
+        .bInterfaceClass = ADB_CLASS,
+        .bInterfaceSubClass = ADB_SUBCLASS,
+        .bInterfaceProtocol = ADB_PROTOCOL,
+        .iInterface = 1, /* first string from the provided table */
+    },
+    .source = {
+        .bLength = sizeof(fs_descriptors.source),
+        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
+        .bEndpointAddress = 1 | USB_DIR_OUT,
+        .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK,
+        .wMaxPacketSize = MAX_PACKET_SIZE_FS,
+    },
+    .sink = {
+        .bLength = sizeof(fs_descriptors.sink),
+        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
+        .bEndpointAddress = 2 | USB_DIR_IN,
+        .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK,
+        .wMaxPacketSize = MAX_PACKET_SIZE_FS,
+    },
+};
+
+static struct func_desc hs_descriptors = {
+    .intf = {
+        .bLength = sizeof(hs_descriptors.intf),
+        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE,
+        .bInterfaceNumber = 0,
+        .bNumEndpoints = 2,
+        .bInterfaceClass = ADB_CLASS,
+        .bInterfaceSubClass = ADB_SUBCLASS,
+        .bInterfaceProtocol = ADB_PROTOCOL,
+        .iInterface = 1, /* first string from the provided table */
+    },
+    .source = {
+        .bLength = sizeof(hs_descriptors.source),
+        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
+        .bEndpointAddress = 1 | USB_DIR_OUT,
+        .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK,
+        .wMaxPacketSize = MAX_PACKET_SIZE_HS,
+    },
+    .sink = {
+        .bLength = sizeof(hs_descriptors.sink),
+        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
+        .bEndpointAddress = 2 | USB_DIR_IN,
+        .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK,
+        .wMaxPacketSize = MAX_PACKET_SIZE_HS,
+    },
+};
+
+static struct ss_func_desc ss_descriptors = {
+    .intf = {
+        .bLength = sizeof(ss_descriptors.intf),
+        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_INTERFACE,
+        .bInterfaceNumber = 0,
+        .bNumEndpoints = 2,
+        .bInterfaceClass = ADB_CLASS,
+        .bInterfaceSubClass = ADB_SUBCLASS,
+        .bInterfaceProtocol = ADB_PROTOCOL,
+        .iInterface = 1, /* first string from the provided table */
+    },
+    .source = {
+        .bLength = sizeof(ss_descriptors.source),
+        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
+        .bEndpointAddress = 1 | USB_DIR_OUT,
+        .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK,
+        .wMaxPacketSize = MAX_PACKET_SIZE_SS,
+    },
+    .source_comp = {
+        .bLength = sizeof(ss_descriptors.source_comp),
+        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_SS_ENDPOINT_COMP,
+        .bMaxBurst = 4,
+    },
+    .sink = {
+        .bLength = sizeof(ss_descriptors.sink),
+        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_ENDPOINT,
+        .bEndpointAddress = 2 | USB_DIR_IN,
+        .bmAttributes = USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK,
+        .wMaxPacketSize = MAX_PACKET_SIZE_SS,
+    },
+    .sink_comp = {
+        .bLength = sizeof(ss_descriptors.sink_comp),
+        .bDescriptorType = USB_DT_SS_ENDPOINT_COMP,
+        .bMaxBurst = 4,
+    },
+};
+
+struct usb_ext_compat_desc os_desc_compat = {
+    .bFirstInterfaceNumber = 0,
+    .Reserved1 = cpu_to_le32(1),
+    .CompatibleID = {0},
+    .SubCompatibleID = {0},
+    .Reserved2 = {0},
+};
+
+static struct usb_os_desc_header os_desc_header = {
+    .interface = cpu_to_le32(1),
+    .dwLength = cpu_to_le32(sizeof(os_desc_header) + sizeof(os_desc_compat)),
+    .bcdVersion = cpu_to_le32(1),
+    .wIndex = cpu_to_le32(4),
+    .bCount = cpu_to_le32(1),
+    .Reserved = cpu_to_le32(0),
+};
+
+#define STR_INTERFACE_ "ADB Interface"
+
+static const struct {
+    struct usb_functionfs_strings_head header;
+    struct {
+        __le16 code;
+        const char str1[sizeof(STR_INTERFACE_)];
+    } __attribute__((packed)) lang0;
+} __attribute__((packed)) strings = {
+    .header = {
+        .magic = cpu_to_le32(FUNCTIONFS_STRINGS_MAGIC),
+        .length = cpu_to_le32(sizeof(strings)),
+        .str_count = cpu_to_le32(1),
+        .lang_count = cpu_to_le32(1),
+    },
+    .lang0 = {
+        cpu_to_le16(0x0409), /* en-us */
+        STR_INTERFACE_,
+    },
+};
+// clang-format on
+
+bool open_functionfs(android::base::unique_fd* out_control, android::base::unique_fd* out_bulk_out,
+                     android::base::unique_fd* out_bulk_in) {
+    unique_fd control, bulk_out, bulk_in;
+    struct desc_v1 v1_descriptor = {};
+    struct desc_v2 v2_descriptor = {};
+
+    v2_descriptor.header.magic = cpu_to_le32(FUNCTIONFS_DESCRIPTORS_MAGIC_V2);
+    v2_descriptor.header.length = cpu_to_le32(sizeof(v2_descriptor));
+    v2_descriptor.header.flags = FUNCTIONFS_HAS_FS_DESC | FUNCTIONFS_HAS_HS_DESC |
+                                 FUNCTIONFS_HAS_SS_DESC | FUNCTIONFS_HAS_MS_OS_DESC;
+    v2_descriptor.fs_count = 3;
+    v2_descriptor.hs_count = 3;
+    v2_descriptor.ss_count = 5;
+    v2_descriptor.os_count = 1;
+    v2_descriptor.fs_descs = fs_descriptors;
+    v2_descriptor.hs_descs = hs_descriptors;
+    v2_descriptor.ss_descs = ss_descriptors;
+    v2_descriptor.os_header = os_desc_header;
+    v2_descriptor.os_desc = os_desc_compat;
+
+    if (out_control->get() < 0) {  // might have already done this before
+        LOG(INFO) << "opening control endpoint " << USB_FFS_ADB_EP0;
+        control.reset(adb_open(USB_FFS_ADB_EP0, O_RDWR));
+        if (control < 0) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "cannot open control endpoint " << USB_FFS_ADB_EP0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (adb_write(control.get(), &v2_descriptor, sizeof(v2_descriptor)) < 0) {
+            D("[ %s: Switching to V1_descriptor format errno=%s ]", USB_FFS_ADB_EP0,
+              strerror(errno));
+            v1_descriptor.header.magic = cpu_to_le32(FUNCTIONFS_DESCRIPTORS_MAGIC);
+            v1_descriptor.header.length = cpu_to_le32(sizeof(v1_descriptor));
+            v1_descriptor.header.fs_count = 3;
+            v1_descriptor.header.hs_count = 3;
+            v1_descriptor.fs_descs = fs_descriptors;
+            v1_descriptor.hs_descs = hs_descriptors;
+            if (adb_write(control.get(), &v1_descriptor, sizeof(v1_descriptor)) < 0) {
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "failed to write USB descriptors";
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (adb_write(control.get(), &strings, sizeof(strings)) < 0) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "failed to write USB strings";
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Signal only when writing the descriptors to ffs
+        android::base::SetProperty("sys.usb.ffs.ready", "1");
+    }
+
+    bulk_out.reset(adb_open(USB_FFS_ADB_OUT, O_RDONLY));
+    if (bulk_out < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "cannot open bulk-out endpoint " << USB_FFS_ADB_OUT;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bulk_in.reset(adb_open(USB_FFS_ADB_IN, O_WRONLY));
+    if (bulk_in < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "cannot open bulk-in endpoint " << USB_FFS_ADB_IN;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    *out_control = std::move(control);
+    *out_bulk_in = std::move(bulk_in);
+    *out_bulk_out = std::move(bulk_out);
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/adb/daemon/usb_legacy.cpp b/adb/daemon/usb_legacy.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ace59d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/adb/daemon/usb_legacy.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#define TRACE_TAG USB
+
+#include "sysdeps.h"
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <linux/usb/ch9.h>
+#include <linux/usb/functionfs.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+
+#include "adb.h"
+#include "adbd/usb.h"
+#include "transport.h"
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+#define MAX_PACKET_SIZE_FS 64
+#define MAX_PACKET_SIZE_HS 512
+#define MAX_PACKET_SIZE_SS 1024
+
+#define USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE 16384
+
+// Number of buffers needed to fit MAX_PAYLOAD, with an extra for ZLPs.
+#define USB_FFS_NUM_BUFS ((4 * MAX_PAYLOAD / USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE) + 1)
+
+static unique_fd& dummy_fd = *new unique_fd();
+
+static void aio_block_init(aio_block* aiob, unsigned num_bufs) {
+    aiob->iocb.resize(num_bufs);
+    aiob->iocbs.resize(num_bufs);
+    aiob->events.resize(num_bufs);
+    aiob->num_submitted = 0;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_bufs; i++) {
+        aiob->iocbs[i] = &aiob->iocb[i];
+    }
+    memset(&aiob->ctx, 0, sizeof(aiob->ctx));
+    if (io_setup(num_bufs, &aiob->ctx)) {
+        D("[ aio: got error on io_setup (%d) ]", errno);
+    }
+}
+
+static int getMaxPacketSize(int ffs_fd) {
+    usb_endpoint_descriptor desc;
+    if (ioctl(ffs_fd, FUNCTIONFS_ENDPOINT_DESC, reinterpret_cast<unsigned long>(&desc))) {
+        D("[ could not get endpoint descriptor! (%d) ]", errno);
+        return MAX_PACKET_SIZE_HS;
+    } else {
+        return desc.wMaxPacketSize;
+    }
+}
+
+static bool init_functionfs(struct usb_handle* h) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "initializing functionfs";
+    if (!open_functionfs(&h->control, &h->bulk_out, &h->bulk_in)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    h->read_aiob.fd = h->bulk_out.get();
+    h->write_aiob.fd = h->bulk_in.get();
+    h->reads_zero_packets = true;
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void usb_legacy_ffs_open_thread(usb_handle* usb) {
+    adb_thread_setname("usb legacy ffs open");
+
+    while (true) {
+        // wait until the USB device needs opening
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(usb->lock);
+        while (!usb->open_new_connection) {
+            usb->notify.wait(lock);
+        }
+        usb->open_new_connection = false;
+        lock.unlock();
+
+        while (true) {
+            if (init_functionfs(usb)) {
+                LOG(INFO) << "functionfs successfully initialized";
+                break;
+            }
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(1s);
+        }
+
+        LOG(INFO) << "registering usb transport";
+        register_usb_transport(usb, nullptr, nullptr, 1);
+    }
+
+    // never gets here
+    abort();
+}
+
+static int usb_ffs_write(usb_handle* h, const void* data, int len) {
+    D("about to write (fd=%d, len=%d)", h->bulk_in.get(), len);
+
+    const char* buf = static_cast<const char*>(data);
+    int orig_len = len;
+    while (len > 0) {
+        int write_len = std::min(USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE, len);
+        int n = adb_write(h->bulk_in, buf, write_len);
+        if (n < 0) {
+            D("ERROR: fd = %d, n = %d: %s", h->bulk_in.get(), n, strerror(errno));
+            return -1;
+        }
+        buf += n;
+        len -= n;
+    }
+
+    D("[ done fd=%d ]", h->bulk_in.get());
+    return orig_len;
+}
+
+static int usb_ffs_read(usb_handle* h, void* data, int len) {
+    D("about to read (fd=%d, len=%d)", h->bulk_out.get(), len);
+
+    char* buf = static_cast<char*>(data);
+    int orig_len = len;
+    while (len > 0) {
+        int read_len = std::min(USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE, len);
+        int n = adb_read(h->bulk_out, buf, read_len);
+        if (n < 0) {
+            D("ERROR: fd = %d, n = %d: %s", h->bulk_out.get(), n, strerror(errno));
+            return -1;
+        }
+        buf += n;
+        len -= n;
+    }
+
+    D("[ done fd=%d ]", h->bulk_out.get());
+    return orig_len;
+}
+
+static int usb_ffs_do_aio(usb_handle* h, const void* data, int len, bool read) {
+    aio_block* aiob = read ? &h->read_aiob : &h->write_aiob;
+    bool zero_packet = false;
+
+    int num_bufs = len / h->io_size + (len % h->io_size == 0 ? 0 : 1);
+    const char* cur_data = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(data);
+    int packet_size = getMaxPacketSize(aiob->fd);
+
+    if (posix_madvise(const_cast<void*>(data), len, POSIX_MADV_SEQUENTIAL | POSIX_MADV_WILLNEED) <
+        0) {
+        D("[ Failed to madvise: %d ]", errno);
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < num_bufs; i++) {
+        int buf_len = std::min(len, static_cast<int>(h->io_size));
+        io_prep(&aiob->iocb[i], aiob->fd, cur_data, buf_len, 0, read);
+
+        len -= buf_len;
+        cur_data += buf_len;
+
+        if (len == 0 && buf_len % packet_size == 0 && read) {
+            // adb does not expect the device to send a zero packet after data transfer,
+            // but the host *does* send a zero packet for the device to read.
+            zero_packet = h->reads_zero_packets;
+        }
+    }
+    if (zero_packet) {
+        io_prep(&aiob->iocb[num_bufs], aiob->fd, reinterpret_cast<const void*>(cur_data),
+                packet_size, 0, read);
+        num_bufs += 1;
+    }
+
+    while (true) {
+        if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(io_submit(aiob->ctx, num_bufs, aiob->iocbs.data())) < num_bufs) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "aio: got error submitting " << (read ? "read" : "write");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(io_getevents(aiob->ctx, num_bufs, num_bufs, aiob->events.data(),
+                                            nullptr)) < num_bufs) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "aio: got error waiting " << (read ? "read" : "write");
+            return -1;
+        }
+        if (num_bufs == 1 && aiob->events[0].res == -EINTR) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        int ret = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < num_bufs; i++) {
+            if (aiob->events[i].res < 0) {
+                errno = -aiob->events[i].res;
+                PLOG(ERROR) << "aio: got error event on " << (read ? "read" : "write")
+                            << " total bufs " << num_bufs;
+                return -1;
+            }
+            ret += aiob->events[i].res;
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+}
+
+static int usb_ffs_aio_read(usb_handle* h, void* data, int len) {
+    return usb_ffs_do_aio(h, data, len, true);
+}
+
+static int usb_ffs_aio_write(usb_handle* h, const void* data, int len) {
+    return usb_ffs_do_aio(h, data, len, false);
+}
+
+static void usb_ffs_kick(usb_handle* h) {
+    int err;
+
+    err = ioctl(h->bulk_in.get(), FUNCTIONFS_CLEAR_HALT);
+    if (err < 0) {
+        D("[ kick: source (fd=%d) clear halt failed (%d) ]", h->bulk_in.get(), errno);
+    }
+
+    err = ioctl(h->bulk_out.get(), FUNCTIONFS_CLEAR_HALT);
+    if (err < 0) {
+        D("[ kick: sink (fd=%d) clear halt failed (%d) ]", h->bulk_out.get(), errno);
+    }
+
+    // don't close ep0 here, since we may not need to reinitialize it with
+    // the same descriptors again. if however ep1/ep2 fail to re-open in
+    // init_functionfs, only then would we close and open ep0 again.
+    // Ditto the comment in usb_adb_kick.
+    h->kicked = true;
+    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup2(dummy_fd.get(), h->bulk_out.get()));
+    TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(dup2(dummy_fd.get(), h->bulk_in.get()));
+}
+
+static void usb_ffs_close(usb_handle* h) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "closing functionfs transport";
+
+    h->kicked = false;
+    h->bulk_out.reset();
+    h->bulk_in.reset();
+
+    // Notify usb_adb_open_thread to open a new connection.
+    h->lock.lock();
+    h->open_new_connection = true;
+    h->lock.unlock();
+    h->notify.notify_one();
+}
+
+usb_handle* create_usb_handle(unsigned num_bufs, unsigned io_size) {
+    usb_handle* h = new usb_handle();
+
+    if (android::base::GetBoolProperty("sys.usb.ffs.aio_compat", false)) {
+        // Devices on older kernels (< 3.18) will not have aio support for ffs
+        // unless backported. Fall back on the non-aio functions instead.
+        h->write = usb_ffs_write;
+        h->read = usb_ffs_read;
+    } else {
+        h->write = usb_ffs_aio_write;
+        h->read = usb_ffs_aio_read;
+        aio_block_init(&h->read_aiob, num_bufs);
+        aio_block_init(&h->write_aiob, num_bufs);
+    }
+    h->io_size = io_size;
+    h->kick = usb_ffs_kick;
+    h->close = usb_ffs_close;
+    return h;
+}
+
+void usb_init_legacy() {
+    D("[ usb_init - using legacy FunctionFS ]");
+    dummy_fd.reset(adb_open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
+    CHECK_NE(-1, dummy_fd.get());
+
+    std::thread(usb_legacy_ffs_open_thread, create_usb_handle(USB_FFS_NUM_BUFS, USB_FFS_BULK_SIZE))
+            .detach();
+}
+
+int usb_write(usb_handle* h, const void* data, int len) {
+    return h->write(h, data, len);
+}
+
+int usb_read(usb_handle* h, void* data, int len) {
+    return h->read(h, data, len);
+}
+
+int usb_close(usb_handle* h) {
+    h->close(h);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void usb_kick(usb_handle* h) {
+    h->kick(h);
+}
diff --git a/adb/fastdeploy/Android.bp b/adb/fastdeploy/Android.bp
index 30f4730..1ba0de0 100644
--- a/adb/fastdeploy/Android.bp
+++ b/adb/fastdeploy/Android.bp
@@ -14,24 +14,20 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
-java_library {
+java_binary {
     name: "deployagent",
     sdk_version: "24",
     srcs: ["deployagent/src/**/*.java", "deploylib/src/**/*.java", "proto/**/*.proto"],
     static_libs: ["apkzlib_zip"],
+    wrapper: "deployagent/deployagent.sh",
     proto: {
         type: "lite",
+    },
+    dex_preopt: {
+        enabled: false,
     }
 }
 
-cc_prebuilt_binary {
-    name: "deployagent.sh",
-
-    srcs: ["deployagent/deployagent.sh"],
-    required: ["deployagent"],
-    device_supported: true,
-}
-
 java_binary_host {
     name: "deploypatchgenerator",
     srcs: ["deploypatchgenerator/src/**/*.java", "deploylib/src/**/*.java", "proto/**/*.proto"],
diff --git a/adb/fastdeploy/OWNERS b/adb/fastdeploy/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d145834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/adb/fastdeploy/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+idries@google.com
diff --git a/adb/fastdeploy/deployagent/src/com/android/fastdeploy/DeployAgent.java b/adb/fastdeploy/deployagent/src/com/android/fastdeploy/DeployAgent.java
index cd6f168..2d3b135 100644
--- a/adb/fastdeploy/deployagent/src/com/android/fastdeploy/DeployAgent.java
+++ b/adb/fastdeploy/deployagent/src/com/android/fastdeploy/DeployAgent.java
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 
 public final class DeployAgent {
     private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 128 * 1024;
-    private static final int AGENT_VERSION = 0x00000001;
+    private static final int AGENT_VERSION = 0x00000002;
 
     public static void main(String[] args) {
         int exitCode = 0;
@@ -53,6 +53,15 @@
 
                 String packageName = args[1];
                 extractMetaData(packageName);
+            } else if (commandString.equals("find")) {
+                if (args.length != 2) {
+                    showUsage(1);
+                }
+
+                String packageName = args[1];
+                if (getFilenameFromPackageName(packageName) == null) {
+                    exitCode = 3;
+                }
             } else if (commandString.equals("apply")) {
                 if (args.length < 4) {
                     showUsage(1);
@@ -112,6 +121,7 @@
             "usage: deployagent <command> [<args>]\n\n" +
             "commands:\n" +
             "version                             get the version\n" +
+            "find PKGNAME                        return zero if package found, else non-zero\n" +
             "extract PKGNAME                     extract an installed package's metadata\n" +
             "apply PKGNAME PATCHFILE [-o|-pm]    apply a patch from PATCHFILE (- for stdin) to an installed package\n" +
             " -o <FILE> directs output to FILE, default or - for stdout\n" +
@@ -134,7 +144,7 @@
         return null;
     }
 
-    private static File getFileFromPackageName(String packageName) throws IOException {
+    private static String getFilenameFromPackageName(String packageName) throws IOException {
         StringBuilder commandBuilder = new StringBuilder();
         commandBuilder.append("pm list packages -f " + packageName);
 
@@ -142,16 +152,32 @@
         BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream()));
 
         String packagePrefix = "package:";
+        String packageSuffix = "=" + packageName;
         String line = "";
         while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
-            int packageIndex = line.indexOf(packagePrefix);
-            int equalsIndex = line.indexOf("=" + packageName);
-            return new File(line.substring(packageIndex + packagePrefix.length(), equalsIndex));
+            if (line.endsWith(packageSuffix)) {
+                int packageIndex = line.indexOf(packagePrefix);
+                if (packageIndex == -1) {
+                    throw new IOException("error reading package list");
+                }
+                int equalsIndex = line.lastIndexOf(packageSuffix);
+                String fileName =
+                    line.substring(packageIndex + packagePrefix.length(), equalsIndex);
+                return fileName;
+            }
         }
-
         return null;
     }
 
+    private static File getFileFromPackageName(String packageName) throws IOException {
+        String filename = getFilenameFromPackageName(packageName);
+        if (filename == null) {
+            // Should not happen (function is only called when we know the package exists)
+            throw new IOException("package not found");
+        }
+        return new File(filename);
+    }
+
     private static void extractMetaData(String packageName) throws IOException {
         File apkFile = getFileFromPackageName(packageName);
         APKMetaData apkMetaData = PatchUtils.getAPKMetaData(apkFile);
diff --git a/adb/fastdeploy/deploypatchgenerator/src/com/android/fastdeploy/DeployPatchGenerator.java b/adb/fastdeploy/deploypatchgenerator/src/com/android/fastdeploy/DeployPatchGenerator.java
index 5577364..24b2eab 100644
--- a/adb/fastdeploy/deploypatchgenerator/src/com/android/fastdeploy/DeployPatchGenerator.java
+++ b/adb/fastdeploy/deploypatchgenerator/src/com/android/fastdeploy/DeployPatchGenerator.java
@@ -61,22 +61,22 @@
             File hostFile = new File(apkPath);
 
             List<APKEntry> deviceZipEntries = getMetadataFromFile(deviceMetadataPath);
+            System.err.println("Device Entries (" + deviceZipEntries.size() + ")");
             if (verbose) {
                 sb = new StringBuilder();
                 for (APKEntry entry : deviceZipEntries) {
                     APKEntryToString(entry, sb);
                 }
-                System.err.println("Device Entries (" + deviceZipEntries.size() + ")");
                 System.err.println(sb.toString());
             }
 
             List<APKEntry> hostFileEntries = PatchUtils.getAPKMetaData(hostFile).getEntriesList();
+            System.err.println("Host Entries (" + hostFileEntries.size() + ")");
             if (verbose) {
                 sb = new StringBuilder();
                 for (APKEntry entry : hostFileEntries) {
                     APKEntryToString(entry, sb);
                 }
-                System.err.println("Host Entries (" + hostFileEntries.size() + ")");
                 System.err.println(sb.toString());
             }
 
@@ -130,7 +130,8 @@
 
         for (APKEntry deviceZipEntry : deviceZipEntries) {
             for (APKEntry hostZipEntry : hostZipEntries) {
-                if (deviceZipEntry.getCrc32() == hostZipEntry.getCrc32()) {
+                if (deviceZipEntry.getCrc32() == hostZipEntry.getCrc32() &&
+                    deviceZipEntry.getFileName().equals(hostZipEntry.getFileName())) {
                     identicalContents.add(new SimpleEntry(deviceZipEntry, hostZipEntry));
                 }
             }
diff --git a/adb/fdevent.cpp b/adb/fdevent.cpp
index dee87bd..e096560 100644
--- a/adb/fdevent.cpp
+++ b/adb/fdevent.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/thread_annotations.h>
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@
 #include "adb_trace.h"
 #include "adb_unique_fd.h"
 #include "adb_utils.h"
+#include "sysdeps/chrono.h"
 
 #define FDE_EVENTMASK  0x00ff
 #define FDE_STATEMASK  0xff00
@@ -147,24 +150,34 @@
     return fde;
 }
 
-void fdevent_destroy(fdevent* fde) {
+unique_fd fdevent_release(fdevent* fde) {
     check_main_thread();
-    if (fde == nullptr) return;
+    if (!fde) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
     if (!(fde->state & FDE_CREATED)) {
         LOG(FATAL) << "destroying fde not created by fdevent_create(): " << dump_fde(fde);
     }
 
+    unique_fd result = std::move(fde->fd);
     if (fde->state & FDE_ACTIVE) {
-        g_poll_node_map.erase(fde->fd.get());
+        g_poll_node_map.erase(result.get());
+
         if (fde->state & FDE_PENDING) {
             g_pending_list.remove(fde);
         }
-        fde->fd.reset();
         fde->state = 0;
         fde->events = 0;
     }
 
     delete fde;
+    return result;
+}
+
+void fdevent_destroy(fdevent* fde) {
+    // Release, and then let unique_fd's destructor cleanup.
+    fdevent_release(fde);
 }
 
 static void fdevent_update(fdevent* fde, unsigned events) {
@@ -237,6 +250,7 @@
     }
     CHECK_GT(pollfds.size(), 0u);
     D("poll(), pollfds = %s", dump_pollfds(pollfds).c_str());
+
     int ret = adb_poll(&pollfds[0], pollfds.size(), -1);
     if (ret == -1) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "poll(), ret = " << ret;
@@ -357,10 +371,66 @@
     }
 }
 
+static void fdevent_check_spin(uint64_t cycle) {
+    // Check to see if we're spinning because we forgot about an fdevent
+    // by keeping track of how long fdevents have been continuously pending.
+    struct SpinCheck {
+        fdevent* fde;
+        android::base::boot_clock::time_point timestamp;
+        uint64_t cycle;
+    };
+    static auto& g_continuously_pending = *new std::unordered_map<uint64_t, SpinCheck>();
+    static auto last_cycle = android::base::boot_clock::now();
+
+    auto now = android::base::boot_clock::now();
+    if (now - last_cycle > 10ms) {
+        // We're not spinning.
+        g_continuously_pending.clear();
+        last_cycle = now;
+        return;
+    }
+    last_cycle = now;
+
+    for (auto* fde : g_pending_list) {
+        auto it = g_continuously_pending.find(fde->id);
+        if (it == g_continuously_pending.end()) {
+            g_continuously_pending[fde->id] =
+                    SpinCheck{.fde = fde, .timestamp = now, .cycle = cycle};
+        } else {
+            it->second.cycle = cycle;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (auto it = g_continuously_pending.begin(); it != g_continuously_pending.end();) {
+        if (it->second.cycle != cycle) {
+            it = g_continuously_pending.erase(it);
+        } else {
+            // Use an absurdly long window, since all we really care about is
+            // getting a bugreport eventually.
+            if (now - it->second.timestamp > 300s) {
+                LOG(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT)
+                        << "detected spin in fdevent: " << dump_fde(it->second.fde);
+#if defined(__linux__)
+                int fd = it->second.fde->fd.get();
+                std::string fd_path = android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/self/fd/%d", fd);
+                std::string path;
+                if (!android::base::Readlink(fd_path, &path)) {
+                    PLOG(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT) << "readlink of fd " << fd << " failed";
+                }
+                LOG(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT) << "fd " << fd << " = " << path;
+#endif
+                abort();
+            }
+            ++it;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 void fdevent_loop() {
     set_main_thread();
     fdevent_run_setup();
 
+    uint64_t cycle = 0;
     while (true) {
         if (terminate_loop) {
             return;
@@ -370,6 +440,8 @@
 
         fdevent_process();
 
+        fdevent_check_spin(cycle++);
+
         while (!g_pending_list.empty()) {
             fdevent* fde = g_pending_list.front();
             g_pending_list.pop_front();
diff --git a/adb/fdevent.h b/adb/fdevent.h
index d501b86..df2339a 100644
--- a/adb/fdevent.h
+++ b/adb/fdevent.h
@@ -50,11 +50,12 @@
 */
 fdevent *fdevent_create(int fd, fd_func func, void *arg);
 
-/* Uninitialize and deallocate an fdevent object that was
-** created by fdevent_create()
-*/
+// Deallocate an fdevent object that was created by fdevent_create.
 void fdevent_destroy(fdevent *fde);
 
+// fdevent_destroy, except releasing the file descriptor previously owned by the fdevent.
+unique_fd fdevent_release(fdevent* fde);
+
 /* Change which events should cause notifications
 */
 void fdevent_set(fdevent *fde, unsigned events);
diff --git a/adb/fdevent_test.cpp b/adb/fdevent_test.cpp
index 0cb2439..816134f 100644
--- a/adb/fdevent_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/fdevent_test.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include <limits>
+#include <memory>
 #include <queue>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
@@ -26,7 +27,6 @@
 
 #include "adb_io.h"
 #include "fdevent_test.h"
-#include "sysdeps/memory.h"
 
 class FdHandler {
   public:
diff --git a/adb/fdevent_test.h b/adb/fdevent_test.h
index 5a417e0..8d853c3 100644
--- a/adb/fdevent_test.h
+++ b/adb/fdevent_test.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <mutex>
 #include <thread>
 
+#include "adb_io.h"
 #include "socket.h"
 #include "sysdeps.h"
 #include "sysdeps/chrono.h"
diff --git a/adb/services.cpp b/adb/services.cpp
index 4b033bd..73fed09 100644
--- a/adb/services.cpp
+++ b/adb/services.cpp
@@ -71,25 +71,24 @@
     return unique_fd(s[0]);
 }
 
-int service_to_fd(const char* name, atransport* transport) {
-    int ret = -1;
+int service_to_fd(std::string_view name, atransport* transport) {
+    unique_fd ret;
 
     if (is_socket_spec(name)) {
         std::string error;
-        ret = socket_spec_connect(name, &error);
-        if (ret < 0) {
+        if (!socket_spec_connect(&ret, name, nullptr, nullptr, &error)) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "failed to connect to socket '" << name << "': " << error;
         }
     } else {
 #if !ADB_HOST
-        ret = daemon_service_to_fd(name, transport).release();
+        ret = daemon_service_to_fd(name, transport);
 #endif
     }
 
     if (ret >= 0) {
         close_on_exec(ret);
     }
-    return ret;
+    return ret.release();
 }
 
 #if ADB_HOST
diff --git a/adb/socket.h b/adb/socket.h
index 0905aab..e7df991 100644
--- a/adb/socket.h
+++ b/adb/socket.h
@@ -103,17 +103,18 @@
 void close_all_sockets(atransport *t);
 
 asocket *create_local_socket(int fd);
-asocket* create_local_service_socket(const char* destination, atransport* transport);
+asocket* create_local_service_socket(std::string_view destination, atransport* transport);
 
 asocket *create_remote_socket(unsigned id, atransport *t);
-void connect_to_remote(asocket *s, const char *destination);
+void connect_to_remote(asocket* s, std::string_view destination);
 void connect_to_smartsocket(asocket *s);
 
 // Internal functions that are only made available here for testing purposes.
 namespace internal {
 
 #if ADB_HOST
-char* skip_host_serial(char* service);
+bool parse_host_service(std::string_view* out_serial, std::string_view* out_command,
+                        std::string_view service);
 #endif
 
 }  // namespace internal
diff --git a/adb/socket_spec.cpp b/adb/socket_spec.cpp
index eb4df97..cc67b6b 100644
--- a/adb/socket_spec.cpp
+++ b/adb/socket_spec.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "socket_spec.h"
 
 #include <string>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -29,7 +30,8 @@
 #include "adb.h"
 #include "sysdeps.h"
 
-using android::base::StartsWith;
+using namespace std::string_literals;
+
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 
 #if defined(__linux__)
@@ -64,10 +66,11 @@
     { "localfilesystem", { ANDROID_SOCKET_NAMESPACE_FILESYSTEM, !ADB_WINDOWS } },
 });
 
-bool parse_tcp_socket_spec(const std::string& spec, std::string* hostname, int* port,
-                           std::string* error) {
-    if (!StartsWith(spec, "tcp:")) {
-        *error = StringPrintf("specification is not tcp: '%s'", spec.c_str());
+bool parse_tcp_socket_spec(std::string_view spec, std::string* hostname, int* port,
+                           std::string* serial, std::string* error) {
+    if (!spec.starts_with("tcp:")) {
+        *error = "specification is not tcp: ";
+        *error += spec;
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -84,17 +87,18 @@
             return false;
         }
     } else {
-        std::string addr = spec.substr(4);
+        std::string addr(spec.substr(4));
         port_value = -1;
 
         // FIXME: ParseNetAddress rejects port 0. This currently doesn't hurt, because listening
         //        on an address that isn't 'localhost' is unsupported.
-        if (!android::base::ParseNetAddress(addr, &hostname_value, &port_value, nullptr, error)) {
+        if (!android::base::ParseNetAddress(addr, &hostname_value, &port_value, serial, error)) {
             return false;
         }
 
         if (port_value == -1) {
-            *error = StringPrintf("missing port in specification: '%s'", spec.c_str());
+            *error = "missing port in specification: ";
+            *error += spec;
             return false;
         }
     }
@@ -110,87 +114,93 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool tcp_host_is_local(const std::string& hostname) {
+static bool tcp_host_is_local(std::string_view hostname) {
     // FIXME
     return hostname.empty() || hostname == "localhost";
 }
 
-bool is_socket_spec(const std::string& spec) {
+bool is_socket_spec(std::string_view spec) {
     for (const auto& it : kLocalSocketTypes) {
         std::string prefix = it.first + ":";
-        if (StartsWith(spec, prefix)) {
+        if (spec.starts_with(prefix)) {
             return true;
         }
     }
-    return StartsWith(spec, "tcp:");
+    return spec.starts_with("tcp:");
 }
 
-bool is_local_socket_spec(const std::string& spec) {
+bool is_local_socket_spec(std::string_view spec) {
     for (const auto& it : kLocalSocketTypes) {
         std::string prefix = it.first + ":";
-        if (StartsWith(spec, prefix)) {
+        if (spec.starts_with(prefix)) {
             return true;
         }
     }
 
     std::string error;
     std::string hostname;
-    if (!parse_tcp_socket_spec(spec, &hostname, nullptr, &error)) {
+    if (!parse_tcp_socket_spec(spec, &hostname, nullptr, nullptr, &error)) {
         return false;
     }
     return tcp_host_is_local(hostname);
 }
 
-int socket_spec_connect(const std::string& spec, std::string* error) {
-    if (StartsWith(spec, "tcp:")) {
+bool socket_spec_connect(unique_fd* fd, std::string_view address, int* port, std::string* serial,
+                         std::string* error) {
+    if (address.starts_with("tcp:")) {
         std::string hostname;
-        int port;
-        if (!parse_tcp_socket_spec(spec, &hostname, &port, error)) {
-            return -1;
+        int port_value = port ? *port : 0;
+        if (!parse_tcp_socket_spec(address, &hostname, &port_value, serial, error)) {
+            return false;
         }
 
-        int result;
         if (tcp_host_is_local(hostname)) {
-            result = network_loopback_client(port, SOCK_STREAM, error);
+            fd->reset(network_loopback_client(port_value, SOCK_STREAM, error));
         } else {
 #if ADB_HOST
-            result = network_connect(hostname, port, SOCK_STREAM, 0, error);
+            fd->reset(network_connect(hostname, port_value, SOCK_STREAM, 0, error));
 #else
             // Disallow arbitrary connections in adbd.
             *error = "adbd does not support arbitrary tcp connections";
-            return -1;
+            return false;
 #endif
         }
 
-        if (result >= 0) {
-            disable_tcp_nagle(result);
+        if (fd->get() > 0) {
+            disable_tcp_nagle(fd->get());
+            if (port) {
+                *port = port_value;
+            }
+            return true;
         }
-        return result;
+        return false;
     }
 
     for (const auto& it : kLocalSocketTypes) {
         std::string prefix = it.first + ":";
-        if (StartsWith(spec, prefix)) {
+        if (address.starts_with(prefix)) {
             if (!it.second.available) {
                 *error = StringPrintf("socket type %s is unavailable on this platform",
                                       it.first.c_str());
-                return -1;
+                return false;
             }
 
-            return network_local_client(&spec[prefix.length()], it.second.socket_namespace,
-                                        SOCK_STREAM, error);
+            fd->reset(network_local_client(&address[prefix.length()], it.second.socket_namespace,
+                                           SOCK_STREAM, error));
+            return true;
         }
     }
 
-    *error = StringPrintf("unknown socket specification '%s'", spec.c_str());
-    return -1;
+    *error = "unknown socket specification: ";
+    *error += address;
+    return false;
 }
 
-int socket_spec_listen(const std::string& spec, std::string* error, int* resolved_tcp_port) {
-    if (StartsWith(spec, "tcp:")) {
+int socket_spec_listen(std::string_view spec, std::string* error, int* resolved_tcp_port) {
+    if (spec.starts_with("tcp:")) {
         std::string hostname;
         int port;
-        if (!parse_tcp_socket_spec(spec, &hostname, &port, error)) {
+        if (!parse_tcp_socket_spec(spec, &hostname, &port, nullptr, error)) {
             return -1;
         }
 
@@ -213,10 +223,10 @@
 
     for (const auto& it : kLocalSocketTypes) {
         std::string prefix = it.first + ":";
-        if (StartsWith(spec, prefix)) {
+        if (spec.starts_with(prefix)) {
             if (!it.second.available) {
-                *error = StringPrintf("attempted to listen on unavailable socket type: '%s'",
-                                      spec.c_str());
+                *error = "attempted to listen on unavailable socket type: ";
+                *error += spec;
                 return -1;
             }
 
@@ -225,6 +235,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    *error = StringPrintf("unknown socket specification '%s'", spec.c_str());
+    *error = "unknown socket specification:";
+    *error += spec;
     return -1;
 }
diff --git a/adb/socket_spec.h b/adb/socket_spec.h
index 6920e91..687d751 100644
--- a/adb/socket_spec.h
+++ b/adb/socket_spec.h
@@ -17,15 +17,18 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+
+#include "adb_unique_fd.h"
 
 // Returns true if the argument starts with a plausible socket prefix.
-bool is_socket_spec(const std::string& spec);
-bool is_local_socket_spec(const std::string& spec);
+bool is_socket_spec(std::string_view spec);
+bool is_local_socket_spec(std::string_view spec);
 
-int socket_spec_connect(const std::string& spec, std::string* error);
-int socket_spec_listen(const std::string& spec, std::string* error,
-                       int* resolved_tcp_port = nullptr);
+bool socket_spec_connect(unique_fd* fd, std::string_view address, int* port, std::string* serial,
+                         std::string* error);
+int socket_spec_listen(std::string_view spec, std::string* error, int* resolved_tcp_port = nullptr);
 
 // Exposed for testing.
-bool parse_tcp_socket_spec(const std::string& spec, std::string* hostname, int* port,
-                           std::string* error);
+bool parse_tcp_socket_spec(std::string_view spec, std::string* hostname, int* port,
+                           std::string* serial, std::string* error);
diff --git a/adb/socket_spec_test.cpp b/adb/socket_spec_test.cpp
index 40ce21c..f5ec0f1 100644
--- a/adb/socket_spec_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/socket_spec_test.cpp
@@ -21,34 +21,37 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 TEST(socket_spec, parse_tcp_socket_spec) {
-    std::string hostname, error;
+    std::string hostname, error, serial;
     int port;
-    EXPECT_TRUE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:5037", &hostname, &port, &error));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:5037", &hostname, &port, &serial, &error));
     EXPECT_EQ("", hostname);
     EXPECT_EQ(5037, port);
+    EXPECT_EQ("", serial);
 
     // Bad ports:
-    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:", &hostname, &port, &error));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:-1", &hostname, &port, &error));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:65536", &hostname, &port, &error));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:", &hostname, &port, &serial, &error));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:-1", &hostname, &port, &serial, &error));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:65536", &hostname, &port, &serial, &error));
 
-    EXPECT_TRUE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:localhost:1234", &hostname, &port, &error));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:localhost:1234", &hostname, &port, &serial, &error));
     EXPECT_EQ("localhost", hostname);
     EXPECT_EQ(1234, port);
+    EXPECT_EQ("localhost:1234", serial);
 
-    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:localhost", &hostname, &port, &error));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:localhost:", &hostname, &port, &error));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:localhost:-1", &hostname, &port, &error));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:localhost:65536", &hostname, &port, &error));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:localhost", &hostname, &port, &serial, &error));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:localhost:", &hostname, &port, &serial, &error));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:localhost:-1", &hostname, &port, &serial, &error));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:localhost:65536", &hostname, &port, &serial, &error));
 
     // IPv6:
-    EXPECT_TRUE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:[::1]:1234", &hostname, &port, &error));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:[::1]:1234", &hostname, &port, &serial, &error));
     EXPECT_EQ("::1", hostname);
     EXPECT_EQ(1234, port);
+    EXPECT_EQ("[::1]:1234", serial);
 
-    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:[::1]", &hostname, &port, &error));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:[::1]:", &hostname, &port, &error));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:[::1]:-1", &hostname, &port, &error));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:::1", &hostname, &port, &error));
-    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:::1:1234", &hostname, &port, &error));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:[::1]", &hostname, &port, &serial, &error));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:[::1]:", &hostname, &port, &serial, &error));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:[::1]:-1", &hostname, &port, &serial, &error));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:::1", &hostname, &port, &serial, &error));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(parse_tcp_socket_spec("tcp:::1:1234", &hostname, &port, &serial, &error));
 }
diff --git a/adb/socket_test.cpp b/adb/socket_test.cpp
index 04214a2..80f9430 100644
--- a/adb/socket_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/socket_test.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@
 #include "sysdeps.h"
 #include "sysdeps/chrono.h"
 
+using namespace std::string_literals;
+using namespace std::string_view_literals;
+
 struct ThreadArg {
     int first_read_fd;
     int last_write_fd;
@@ -303,56 +306,78 @@
 
 #if ADB_HOST
 
-// Checks that skip_host_serial(serial) returns a pointer to the part of |serial| which matches
-// |expected|, otherwise logs the failure to gtest.
-void VerifySkipHostSerial(std::string serial, const char* expected) {
-    char* result = internal::skip_host_serial(&serial[0]);
-    if (expected == nullptr) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, result);
-    } else {
-        EXPECT_STREQ(expected, result);
-    }
-}
+#define VerifyParseHostServiceFailed(s)                                         \
+    do {                                                                        \
+        std::string service(s);                                                 \
+        std::string_view serial, command;                                       \
+        bool result = internal::parse_host_service(&serial, &command, service); \
+        EXPECT_FALSE(result);                                                   \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define VerifyParseHostService(s, expected_serial, expected_command)            \
+    do {                                                                        \
+        std::string service(s);                                                 \
+        std::string_view serial, command;                                       \
+        bool result = internal::parse_host_service(&serial, &command, service); \
+        EXPECT_TRUE(result);                                                    \
+        EXPECT_EQ(std::string(expected_serial), std::string(serial));           \
+        EXPECT_EQ(std::string(expected_command), std::string(command));         \
+    } while (0);
 
 // Check [tcp:|udp:]<serial>[:<port>]:<command> format.
-TEST(socket_test, test_skip_host_serial) {
+TEST(socket_test, test_parse_host_service) {
     for (const std::string& protocol : {"", "tcp:", "udp:"}) {
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(protocol, nullptr);
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(protocol + "foo", nullptr);
+        VerifyParseHostServiceFailed(protocol);
+        VerifyParseHostServiceFailed(protocol + "foo");
 
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(protocol + "foo:bar", ":bar");
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(protocol + "foo:bar:baz", ":bar:baz");
+        {
+            std::string serial = protocol + "foo";
+            VerifyParseHostService(serial + ":bar", serial, "bar");
+            VerifyParseHostService(serial + " :bar:baz", serial, "bar:baz");
+        }
 
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(protocol + "foo:123:bar", ":bar");
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(protocol + "foo:123:456", ":456");
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(protocol + "foo:123:bar:baz", ":bar:baz");
+        {
+            // With port.
+            std::string serial = protocol + "foo:123";
+            VerifyParseHostService(serial + ":bar", serial, "bar");
+            VerifyParseHostService(serial + ":456", serial, "456");
+            VerifyParseHostService(serial + ":bar:baz", serial, "bar:baz");
+        }
 
         // Don't register a port unless it's all numbers and ends with ':'.
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(protocol + "foo:123", ":123");
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(protocol + "foo:123bar:baz", ":123bar:baz");
+        VerifyParseHostService(protocol + "foo:123", protocol + "foo", "123");
+        VerifyParseHostService(protocol + "foo:123bar:baz", protocol + "foo", "123bar:baz");
 
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(protocol + "100.100.100.100:5555:foo", ":foo");
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(protocol + "[0123:4567:89ab:CDEF:0:9:a:f]:5555:foo", ":foo");
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(protocol + "[::1]:5555:foo", ":foo");
+        std::string addresses[] = {"100.100.100.100", "[0123:4567:89ab:CDEF:0:9:a:f]", "[::1]"};
+        for (const std::string& address : addresses) {
+            std::string serial = protocol + address;
+            std::string serial_with_port = protocol + address + ":5555";
+            VerifyParseHostService(serial + ":foo", serial, "foo");
+            VerifyParseHostService(serial_with_port + ":foo", serial_with_port, "foo");
+        }
 
         // If we can't find both [] then treat it as a normal serial with [ in it.
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(protocol + "[0123:foo", ":foo");
+        VerifyParseHostService(protocol + "[0123:foo", protocol + "[0123", "foo");
 
         // Don't be fooled by random IPv6 addresses in the command string.
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(protocol + "foo:ping [0123:4567:89ab:CDEF:0:9:a:f]:5555",
-                             ":ping [0123:4567:89ab:CDEF:0:9:a:f]:5555");
+        VerifyParseHostService(protocol + "foo:ping [0123:4567:89ab:CDEF:0:9:a:f]:5555",
+                               protocol + "foo", "ping [0123:4567:89ab:CDEF:0:9:a:f]:5555");
+
+        // Handle embedded NULs properly.
+        VerifyParseHostService(protocol + "foo:echo foo\0bar"s, protocol + "foo",
+                               "echo foo\0bar"sv);
     }
 }
 
 // Check <prefix>:<serial>:<command> format.
-TEST(socket_test, test_skip_host_serial_prefix) {
+TEST(socket_test, test_parse_host_service_prefix) {
     for (const std::string& prefix : {"usb:", "product:", "model:", "device:"}) {
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(prefix, nullptr);
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(prefix + "foo", nullptr);
+        VerifyParseHostServiceFailed(prefix);
+        VerifyParseHostServiceFailed(prefix + "foo");
 
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(prefix + "foo:bar", ":bar");
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(prefix + "foo:bar:baz", ":bar:baz");
-        VerifySkipHostSerial(prefix + "foo:123:bar", ":123:bar");
+        VerifyParseHostService(prefix + "foo:bar", prefix + "foo", "bar");
+        VerifyParseHostService(prefix + "foo:bar:baz", prefix + "foo", "bar:baz");
+        VerifyParseHostService(prefix + "foo:123:bar", prefix + "foo", "123:bar");
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/adb/sockets.cpp b/adb/sockets.cpp
index 1534792..47ae883 100644
--- a/adb/sockets.cpp
+++ b/adb/sockets.cpp
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 
 #include "adb.h"
 #include "adb_io.h"
+#include "adb_utils.h"
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "types.h"
 
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@
 
     // Socket ids should never be 0.
     if (local_socket_next_id == 0) {
-        fatal("local socket id overflow");
+        LOG(FATAL) << "local socket id overflow";
     }
 
     local_socket_list.push_back(s);
@@ -346,13 +347,10 @@
     return s;
 }
 
-asocket* create_local_service_socket(const char* name, atransport* transport) {
+asocket* create_local_service_socket(std::string_view name, atransport* transport) {
 #if !ADB_HOST
-    if (!strcmp(name, "jdwp")) {
-        return create_jdwp_service_socket();
-    }
-    if (!strcmp(name, "track-jdwp")) {
-        return create_jdwp_tracker_service_socket();
+    if (asocket* s = daemon_service_to_socket(name); s) {
+        return s;
     }
 #endif
     int fd = service_to_fd(name, transport);
@@ -361,13 +359,12 @@
     }
 
     asocket* s = create_local_socket(fd);
-    D("LS(%d): bound to '%s' via %d", s->id, name, fd);
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << "LS(" << s->id << "): bound to '" << name << "' via " << fd;
 
 #if !ADB_HOST
-    if ((!strncmp(name, "root:", 5) && getuid() != 0 && __android_log_is_debuggable()) ||
-        (!strncmp(name, "unroot:", 7) && getuid() == 0) ||
-        !strncmp(name, "usb:", 4) ||
-        !strncmp(name, "tcpip:", 6)) {
+    if ((name.starts_with("root:") && getuid() != 0 && __android_log_is_debuggable()) ||
+        (name.starts_with("unroot:") && getuid() == 0) || name.starts_with("usb:") ||
+        name.starts_with("tcpip:")) {
         D("LS(%d): enabling exit_on_close", s->id);
         s->exit_on_close = 1;
     }
@@ -451,7 +448,7 @@
 // Returns a new non-NULL asocket handle.
 asocket* create_remote_socket(unsigned id, atransport* t) {
     if (id == 0) {
-        fatal("invalid remote socket id (0)");
+        LOG(FATAL) << "invalid remote socket id (0)";
     }
     asocket* s = new asocket();
     s->id = id;
@@ -465,21 +462,22 @@
     return s;
 }
 
-void connect_to_remote(asocket* s, const char* destination) {
+void connect_to_remote(asocket* s, std::string_view destination) {
     D("Connect_to_remote call RS(%d) fd=%d", s->id, s->fd);
     apacket* p = get_apacket();
 
-    D("LS(%d): connect('%s')", s->id, destination);
+    LOG(VERBOSE) << "LS(" << s->id << ": connect(" << destination << ")";
     p->msg.command = A_OPEN;
     p->msg.arg0 = s->id;
 
-    // adbd expects a null-terminated string.
-    p->payload.assign(destination, destination + strlen(destination) + 1);
+    // adbd used to expect a null-terminated string.
+    // Keep doing so to maintain backward compatibility.
+    p->payload.resize(destination.size() + 1);
+    memcpy(p->payload.data(), destination.data(), destination.size());
+    p->payload[destination.size()] = '\0';
     p->msg.data_length = p->payload.size();
 
-    if (p->msg.data_length > s->get_max_payload()) {
-        fatal("destination oversized");
-    }
+    CHECK_LE(p->msg.data_length, s->get_max_payload());
 
     send_packet(p, s->transport);
 }
@@ -552,57 +550,119 @@
 
 namespace internal {
 
-// Returns the position in |service| following the target serial parameter. Serial format can be
-// any of:
+// Parses a host service string of the following format:
 //   * [tcp:|udp:]<serial>[:<port>]:<command>
 //   * <prefix>:<serial>:<command>
 // Where <port> must be a base-10 number and <prefix> may be any of {usb,product,model,device}.
-//
-// The returned pointer will point to the ':' just before <command>, or nullptr if not found.
-char* skip_host_serial(char* service) {
-    static const std::vector<std::string>& prefixes =
-        *(new std::vector<std::string>{"usb:", "product:", "model:", "device:"});
+bool parse_host_service(std::string_view* out_serial, std::string_view* out_command,
+                        std::string_view full_service) {
+    if (full_service.empty()) {
+        return false;
+    }
 
-    for (const std::string& prefix : prefixes) {
-        if (!strncmp(service, prefix.c_str(), prefix.length())) {
-            return strchr(service + prefix.length(), ':');
+    std::string_view serial;
+    std::string_view command = full_service;
+    // Remove |count| bytes from the beginning of command and add them to |serial|.
+    auto consume = [&full_service, &serial, &command](size_t count) {
+        CHECK_LE(count, command.size());
+        if (!serial.empty()) {
+            CHECK_EQ(serial.data() + serial.size(), command.data());
+        }
+
+        serial = full_service.substr(0, serial.size() + count);
+        command.remove_prefix(count);
+    };
+
+    // Remove the trailing : from serial, and assign the values to the output parameters.
+    auto finish = [out_serial, out_command, &serial, &command] {
+        if (serial.empty() || command.empty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        CHECK_EQ(':', serial.back());
+        serial.remove_suffix(1);
+
+        *out_serial = serial;
+        *out_command = command;
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    static constexpr std::string_view prefixes[] = {"usb:", "product:", "model:", "device:"};
+    for (std::string_view prefix : prefixes) {
+        if (command.starts_with(prefix)) {
+            consume(prefix.size());
+
+            size_t offset = command.find_first_of(':');
+            if (offset == std::string::npos) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            consume(offset + 1);
+            return finish();
         }
     }
 
     // For fastboot compatibility, ignore protocol prefixes.
-    if (!strncmp(service, "tcp:", 4) || !strncmp(service, "udp:", 4)) {
-        service += 4;
-    }
-
-    // Check for an IPv6 address. `adb connect` creates the serial number from the canonical
-    // network address so it will always have the [] delimiters.
-    if (service[0] == '[') {
-        char* ipv6_end = strchr(service, ']');
-        if (ipv6_end != nullptr) {
-            service = ipv6_end;
+    if (command.starts_with("tcp:") || command.starts_with("udp:")) {
+        consume(4);
+        if (command.empty()) {
+            return false;
         }
     }
 
-    // The next colon we find must either begin the port field or the command field.
-    char* colon_ptr = strchr(service, ':');
-    if (!colon_ptr) {
-        // No colon in service string.
-        return nullptr;
+    bool found_address = false;
+    if (command[0] == '[') {
+        // Read an IPv6 address. `adb connect` creates the serial number from the canonical
+        // network address so it will always have the [] delimiters.
+        size_t ipv6_end = command.find_first_of(']');
+        if (ipv6_end != std::string::npos) {
+            consume(ipv6_end + 1);
+            if (command.empty()) {
+                // Nothing after the IPv6 address.
+                return false;
+            } else if (command[0] != ':') {
+                // Garbage after the IPv6 address.
+                return false;
+            }
+            consume(1);
+            found_address = true;
+        }
     }
 
-    // If the next field is only decimal digits and ends with another colon, it's a port.
-    char* serial_end = colon_ptr;
-    if (isdigit(serial_end[1])) {
-        serial_end++;
-        while (*serial_end && isdigit(*serial_end)) {
-            serial_end++;
+    if (!found_address) {
+        // Scan ahead to the next colon.
+        size_t offset = command.find_first_of(':');
+        if (offset == std::string::npos) {
+            return false;
         }
-        if (*serial_end != ':') {
-            // Something other than "<port>:" was found, this must be the command field instead.
-            serial_end = colon_ptr;
+        consume(offset + 1);
+    }
+
+    // We're either at the beginning of a port, or the command itself.
+    // Look for a port in between colons.
+    size_t next_colon = command.find_first_of(':');
+    if (next_colon == std::string::npos) {
+        // No colon, we must be at the command.
+        return finish();
+    }
+
+    bool port_valid = true;
+    if (command.size() <= next_colon) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::string_view port = command.substr(0, next_colon);
+    for (auto digit : port) {
+        if (!isdigit(digit)) {
+            // Port isn't a number.
+            port_valid = false;
+            break;
         }
     }
-    return serial_end;
+
+    if (port_valid) {
+        consume(next_colon + 1);
+    }
+    return finish();
 }
 
 }  // namespace internal
@@ -611,8 +671,8 @@
 
 static int smart_socket_enqueue(asocket* s, apacket::payload_type data) {
 #if ADB_HOST
-    char* service = nullptr;
-    char* serial = nullptr;
+    std::string_view service;
+    std::string_view serial;
     TransportId transport_id = 0;
     TransportType type = kTransportAny;
 #endif
@@ -649,49 +709,52 @@
     D("SS(%d): '%s'", s->id, (char*)(s->smart_socket_data.data() + 4));
 
 #if ADB_HOST
-    service = &s->smart_socket_data[4];
-    if (!strncmp(service, "host-serial:", strlen("host-serial:"))) {
-        char* serial_end;
-        service += strlen("host-serial:");
+    service = std::string_view(s->smart_socket_data).substr(4);
+    if (service.starts_with("host-serial:")) {
+        service.remove_prefix(strlen("host-serial:"));
 
         // serial number should follow "host:" and could be a host:port string.
-        serial_end = internal::skip_host_serial(service);
-        if (serial_end) {
-            *serial_end = 0;  // terminate string
-            serial = service;
-            service = serial_end + 1;
+        if (!internal::parse_host_service(&serial, &service, service)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "SS(" << s->id << "): failed to parse host service: " << service;
+            goto fail;
         }
-    } else if (!strncmp(service, "host-transport-id:", strlen("host-transport-id:"))) {
-        service += strlen("host-transport-id:");
-        transport_id = strtoll(service, &service, 10);
-
-        if (*service != ':') {
+    } else if (service.starts_with("host-transport-id:")) {
+        service.remove_prefix(strlen("host-transport-id:"));
+        if (!ParseUint(&transport_id, service, &service)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "SS(" << s->id << "): failed to parse host transport id: " << service;
             return -1;
         }
-        service++;
-    } else if (!strncmp(service, "host-usb:", strlen("host-usb:"))) {
+        if (!service.starts_with(":")) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "SS(" << s->id << "): host-transport-id without command";
+            return -1;
+        }
+        service.remove_prefix(1);
+    } else if (service.starts_with("host-usb:")) {
         type = kTransportUsb;
-        service += strlen("host-usb:");
-    } else if (!strncmp(service, "host-local:", strlen("host-local:"))) {
+        service.remove_prefix(strlen("host-usb:"));
+    } else if (service.starts_with("host-local:")) {
         type = kTransportLocal;
-        service += strlen("host-local:");
-    } else if (!strncmp(service, "host:", strlen("host:"))) {
+        service.remove_prefix(strlen("host-local:"));
+    } else if (service.starts_with("host:")) {
         type = kTransportAny;
-        service += strlen("host:");
+        service.remove_prefix(strlen("host:"));
     } else {
-        service = nullptr;
+        service = std::string_view{};
     }
 
-    if (service) {
+    if (!service.empty()) {
         asocket* s2;
 
         // Some requests are handled immediately -- in that case the handle_host_request() routine
         // has sent the OKAY or FAIL message and all we have to do is clean up.
-        if (handle_host_request(service, type, serial, transport_id, s->peer->fd, s)) {
-            D("SS(%d): handled host service '%s'", s->id, service);
+        // TODO: Convert to string_view.
+        if (handle_host_request(std::string(service).c_str(), type,
+                                serial.empty() ? nullptr : std::string(serial).c_str(),
+                                transport_id, s->peer->fd, s)) {
+            LOG(VERBOSE) << "SS(" << s->id << "): handled host service '" << service << "'";
             goto fail;
         }
-        if (!strncmp(service, "transport", strlen("transport"))) {
+        if (service.starts_with("transport")) {
             D("SS(%d): okay transport", s->id);
             s->smart_socket_data.clear();
             return 0;
@@ -701,9 +764,11 @@
         ** if no such service exists, we'll fail out
         ** and tear down here.
         */
-        s2 = create_host_service_socket(service, serial, transport_id);
+        // TODO: Convert to string_view.
+        s2 = create_host_service_socket(std::string(service).c_str(), std::string(serial).c_str(),
+                                        transport_id);
         if (s2 == nullptr) {
-            D("SS(%d): couldn't create host service '%s'", s->id, service);
+            LOG(VERBOSE) << "SS(" << s->id << "): couldn't create host service '" << service << "'";
             SendFail(s->peer->fd, "unknown host service");
             goto fail;
         }
@@ -764,7 +829,7 @@
     /* give him our transport and upref it */
     s->peer->transport = s->transport;
 
-    connect_to_remote(s->peer, s->smart_socket_data.data() + 4);
+    connect_to_remote(s->peer, std::string_view(s->smart_socket_data).substr(4));
     s->peer = nullptr;
     s->close(s);
     return 1;
diff --git a/adb/sysdeps.h b/adb/sysdeps.h
index 0c2e45c..15247e7 100644
--- a/adb/sysdeps.h
+++ b/adb/sysdeps.h
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 
 #include <string>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <vector>
 
 // Include this before open/close/unlink are defined as macros below.
@@ -52,10 +53,11 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <io.h>
 #include <process.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <utime.h>
-#include <winsock2.h>
 #include <windows.h>
+#include <winsock2.h>
 #include <ws2tcpip.h>
 
 #include <memory>   // unique_ptr
@@ -72,12 +74,7 @@
     return c == '\\' || c == '/';
 }
 
-static __inline__ int adb_thread_setname(const std::string& name) {
-    // TODO: See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/xcb2z8hs.aspx for how to set
-    // the thread name in Windows. Unfortunately, it only works during debugging, but
-    // our build process doesn't generate PDB files needed for debugging.
-    return 0;
-}
+extern int adb_thread_setname(const std::string& name);
 
 static __inline__ void  close_on_exec(int  fd)
 {
@@ -97,7 +94,7 @@
 extern int adb_creat(const char* path, int mode);
 extern int adb_read(int fd, void* buf, int len);
 extern int adb_write(int fd, const void* buf, int len);
-extern int adb_lseek(int fd, int pos, int where);
+extern int64_t adb_lseek(int fd, int64_t pos, int where);
 extern int adb_shutdown(int fd, int direction = SHUT_RDWR);
 extern int adb_close(int fd);
 extern int adb_register_socket(SOCKET s);
@@ -129,6 +126,13 @@
 #undef   write
 #define  write  ___xxx_write
 
+// See the comments for the !defined(_WIN32) version of unix_lseek().
+static __inline__ int unix_lseek(int fd, int pos, int where) {
+    return lseek(fd, pos, where);
+}
+#undef lseek
+#define lseek ___xxx_lseek
+
 // See the comments for the !defined(_WIN32) version of adb_open_mode().
 static __inline__ int  adb_open_mode(const char* path, int options, int mode)
 {
@@ -136,7 +140,7 @@
 }
 
 // See the comments for the !defined(_WIN32) version of unix_open().
-extern int unix_open(const char* path, int options, ...);
+extern int unix_open(std::string_view path, int options, ...);
 #define  open    ___xxx_unix_open
 
 // Checks if |fd| corresponds to a console.
@@ -313,25 +317,24 @@
 
 #else /* !_WIN32 a.k.a. Unix */
 
-#include <cutils/sockets.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
-#include <poll.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-
-#include <pthread.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
 #include <netdb.h>
 #include <netinet/in.h>
 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <string>
 
+#include <cutils/sockets.h>
+
 #define OS_PATH_SEPARATORS "/"
 #define OS_PATH_SEPARATOR '/'
 #define OS_PATH_SEPARATOR_STR "/"
@@ -355,20 +358,17 @@
 // by unix_read(), unix_write(), unix_close()). Also, the C Runtime has
 // configurable CR/LF translation which defaults to text mode, but is settable
 // with _setmode().
-static __inline__ int  unix_open(const char*  path, int options,...)
-{
-    if ((options & O_CREAT) == 0)
-    {
-        return  TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY( open(path, options) );
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        int      mode;
-        va_list  args;
-        va_start( args, options );
-        mode = va_arg( args, int );
-        va_end( args );
-        return TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY( open( path, options, mode ) );
+static __inline__ int unix_open(std::string_view path, int options, ...) {
+    std::string zero_terminated(path.begin(), path.end());
+    if ((options & O_CREAT) == 0) {
+        return TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(zero_terminated.c_str(), options));
+    } else {
+        int mode;
+        va_list args;
+        va_start(args, options);
+        mode = va_arg(args, int);
+        va_end(args);
+        return TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(zero_terminated.c_str(), options, mode));
     }
 }
 
@@ -441,12 +441,15 @@
 #undef   write
 #define  write  ___xxx_write
 
-static __inline__ int   adb_lseek(int  fd, int  pos, int  where)
-{
+static __inline__ int64_t adb_lseek(int fd, int64_t pos, int where) {
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
     return lseek(fd, pos, where);
+#else
+    return lseek64(fd, pos, where);
+#endif
 }
-#undef   lseek
-#define  lseek   ___xxx_lseek
+#undef lseek
+#define lseek ___xxx_lseek
 
 static __inline__  int    adb_unlink(const char*  path)
 {
@@ -523,6 +526,7 @@
 // via _setmode()).
 #define  unix_read   adb_read
 #define  unix_write  adb_write
+#define unix_lseek adb_lseek
 #define  unix_close  adb_close
 
 static __inline__ int adb_thread_setname(const std::string& name) {
diff --git a/adb/sysdeps/errno.cpp b/adb/sysdeps/errno.cpp
index 6869947..9a37ea2 100644
--- a/adb/sysdeps/errno.cpp
+++ b/adb/sysdeps/errno.cpp
@@ -24,10 +24,6 @@
 
 #include "adb.h"
 
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-#define ETXTBSY EBUSY
-#endif
-
 // Use the linux asm-generic values for errno (which are used on all android archs but mips).
 #define ERRNO_VALUES()             \
     ERRNO_VALUE(EACCES, 13);       \
diff --git a/adb/sysdeps/memory.h b/adb/sysdeps/memory.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 4108aff..0000000
--- a/adb/sysdeps/memory.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <type_traits>
-
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-// We don't have C++14 on Windows yet.
-// Reimplement std::make_unique ourselves until we do.
-
-namespace internal {
-
-template <typename T>
-struct array_known_bounds;
-
-template <typename T>
-struct array_known_bounds<T[]> {
-    constexpr static bool value = false;
-};
-
-template <typename T, size_t N>
-struct array_known_bounds<T[N]> {
-    constexpr static bool value = true;
-};
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-namespace std {
-
-template <typename T, typename... Args>
-typename std::enable_if<!std::is_array<T>::value, std::unique_ptr<T>>::type make_unique(
-    Args&&... args) {
-    return std::unique_ptr<T>(new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-typename std::enable_if<std::is_array<T>::value && !internal::array_known_bounds<T>::value,
-                        std::unique_ptr<T>>::type
-make_unique(std::size_t size) {
-    return std::unique_ptr<T>(new typename std::remove_extent<T>::type[size]());
-}
-
-template <typename T, typename... Args>
-typename std::enable_if<std::is_array<T>::value && internal::array_known_bounds<T>::value,
-                        std::unique_ptr<T>>::type
-make_unique(Args&&... args) = delete;
-
-}  // namespace std
-
-#endif
diff --git a/adb/sysdeps/stat_test.cpp b/adb/sysdeps/stat_test.cpp
index 2c2e0ee..67155d9 100644
--- a/adb/sysdeps/stat_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/sysdeps/stat_test.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include "adb_utils.h"
diff --git a/adb/sysdeps_win32.cpp b/adb/sysdeps_win32.cpp
index c94d13f..dbc8920 100644
--- a/adb/sysdeps_win32.cpp
+++ b/adb/sysdeps_win32.cpp
@@ -29,12 +29,14 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <string>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <cutils/sockets.h>
 
 #include <android-base/errors.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
@@ -46,18 +48,15 @@
 
 #include "sysdeps/uio.h"
 
-extern void fatal(const char *fmt, ...);
-
 /* forward declarations */
 
 typedef const struct FHClassRec_* FHClass;
 typedef struct FHRec_* FH;
-typedef struct EventHookRec_* EventHook;
 
 typedef struct FHClassRec_ {
     void (*_fh_init)(FH);
     int (*_fh_close)(FH);
-    int (*_fh_lseek)(FH, int, int);
+    int64_t (*_fh_lseek)(FH, int64_t, int);
     int (*_fh_read)(FH, void*, int);
     int (*_fh_write)(FH, const void*, int);
     int (*_fh_writev)(FH, const adb_iovec*, int);
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@
 
 static void _fh_file_init(FH);
 static int _fh_file_close(FH);
-static int _fh_file_lseek(FH, int, int);
+static int64_t _fh_file_lseek(FH, int64_t, int);
 static int _fh_file_read(FH, void*, int);
 static int _fh_file_write(FH, const void*, int);
 static int _fh_file_writev(FH, const adb_iovec*, int);
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@
 
 static void _fh_socket_init(FH);
 static int _fh_socket_close(FH);
-static int _fh_socket_lseek(FH, int, int);
+static int64_t _fh_socket_lseek(FH, int64_t, int);
 static int _fh_socket_read(FH, void*, int);
 static int _fh_socket_write(FH, const void*, int);
 static int _fh_socket_writev(FH, const adb_iovec*, int);
@@ -95,10 +94,9 @@
     _fh_socket_writev,
 };
 
-#define assert(cond)                                                                       \
-    do {                                                                                   \
-        if (!(cond)) fatal("assertion failed '%s' on %s:%d\n", #cond, __FILE__, __LINE__); \
-    } while (0)
+#if defined(assert)
+#undef assert
+#endif
 
 void handle_deleter::operator()(HANDLE h) {
     // CreateFile() is documented to return INVALID_HANDLE_FILE on error,
@@ -318,10 +316,8 @@
     return wrote_bytes;
 }
 
-static int _fh_file_lseek(FH f, int pos, int origin) {
+static int64_t _fh_file_lseek(FH f, int64_t pos, int origin) {
     DWORD method;
-    DWORD result;
-
     switch (origin) {
         case SEEK_SET:
             method = FILE_BEGIN;
@@ -337,14 +333,13 @@
             return -1;
     }
 
-    result = SetFilePointer(f->fh_handle, pos, nullptr, method);
-    if (result == INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER) {
+    LARGE_INTEGER li = {.QuadPart = pos};
+    if (!SetFilePointerEx(f->fh_handle, li, &li, method)) {
         errno = EIO;
         return -1;
-    } else {
-        f->eof = 0;
     }
-    return (int)result;
+    f->eof = 0;
+    return li.QuadPart;
 }
 
 /**************************************************************************/
@@ -491,14 +486,12 @@
     return f->clazz->_fh_writev(f, iov, iovcnt);
 }
 
-int adb_lseek(int fd, int pos, int where) {
+int64_t adb_lseek(int fd, int64_t pos, int where) {
     FH f = _fh_from_int(fd, __func__);
-
     if (!f) {
         errno = EBADF;
         return -1;
     }
-
     return f->clazz->_fh_lseek(f, pos, where);
 }
 
@@ -644,7 +637,7 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int _fh_socket_lseek(FH f, int pos, int origin) {
+static int64_t _fh_socket_lseek(FH f, int64_t pos, int origin) {
     errno = EPIPE;
     return -1;
 }
@@ -732,8 +725,8 @@
         WSADATA wsaData;
         int rc = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
         if (rc != 0) {
-            fatal("adb: could not initialize Winsock: %s",
-                  android::base::SystemErrorCodeToString(rc).c_str());
+            LOG(FATAL) << "could not initialize Winsock: "
+                       << android::base::SystemErrorCodeToString(rc);
         }
 
         // Note that we do not call atexit() to register WSACleanup to be called
@@ -1289,11 +1282,11 @@
         }
 
         if (read_count == 0) {   // should be impossible
-            fatal("ReadConsoleInputA returned 0");
+            LOG(FATAL) << "ReadConsoleInputA returned 0";
         }
 
         if (read_count != 1) {   // should be impossible
-            fatal("ReadConsoleInputA did not return one input record");
+            LOG(FATAL) << "ReadConsoleInputA did not return one input record";
         }
 
         // If the console window is resized, emulate SIGWINCH by breaking out
@@ -1311,8 +1304,7 @@
         if ((input_record->EventType == KEY_EVENT) &&
             (input_record->Event.KeyEvent.bKeyDown)) {
             if (input_record->Event.KeyEvent.wRepeatCount == 0) {
-                fatal("ReadConsoleInputA returned a key event with zero repeat"
-                      " count");
+                LOG(FATAL) << "ReadConsoleInputA returned a key event with zero repeat count";
             }
 
             // Got an interesting INPUT_RECORD, so return
@@ -2195,7 +2187,7 @@
     for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
         std::string arg_narrow;
         if (!android::base::WideToUTF8(argv[i], &arg_narrow)) {
-            fatal_errno("cannot convert argument from UTF-16 to UTF-8");
+            PLOG(FATAL) << "cannot convert argument from UTF-16 to UTF-8";
         }
         narrow_args[i] = strdup(arg_narrow.c_str());
     }
@@ -2212,15 +2204,15 @@
     }
 }
 
-int unix_open(const char* path, int options, ...) {
+int unix_open(std::string_view path, int options, ...) {
     std::wstring path_wide;
-    if (!android::base::UTF8ToWide(path, &path_wide)) {
+    if (!android::base::UTF8ToWide(path.data(), path.size(), &path_wide)) {
         return -1;
     }
     if ((options & O_CREAT) == 0) {
         return _wopen(path_wide.c_str(), options);
     } else {
-        int      mode;
+        int mode;
         va_list  args;
         va_start(args, options);
         mode = va_arg(args, int);
@@ -2646,7 +2638,7 @@
         // If _wenviron is null, then -municode probably wasn't used. That
         // linker flag will cause the entry point to setup _wenviron. It will
         // also require an implementation of wmain() (which we provide above).
-        fatal("_wenviron is not set, did you link with -municode?");
+        LOG(FATAL) << "_wenviron is not set, did you link with -municode?";
     }
 
     // Read name/value pairs from UTF-16 _wenviron and write new name/value
@@ -2742,3 +2734,26 @@
 
     return buf;
 }
+
+// The SetThreadDescription API was brought in version 1607 of Windows 10.
+typedef HRESULT(WINAPI* SetThreadDescription)(HANDLE hThread, PCWSTR lpThreadDescription);
+
+// Based on PlatformThread::SetName() from
+// https://cs.chromium.org/chromium/src/base/threading/platform_thread_win.cc
+int adb_thread_setname(const std::string& name) {
+    // The SetThreadDescription API works even if no debugger is attached.
+    auto set_thread_description_func = reinterpret_cast<SetThreadDescription>(
+            ::GetProcAddress(::GetModuleHandleW(L"Kernel32.dll"), "SetThreadDescription"));
+    if (set_thread_description_func) {
+        std::wstring name_wide;
+        if (!android::base::UTF8ToWide(name.c_str(), &name_wide)) {
+            return errno;
+        }
+        set_thread_description_func(::GetCurrentThread(), name_wide.c_str());
+    }
+
+    // Don't use the thread naming SEH exception because we're compiled with -fno-exceptions.
+    // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/debugger/how-to-set-a-thread-name-in-native-code?view=vs-2017
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/adb/sysdeps_win32_test.cpp b/adb/sysdeps_win32_test.cpp
index 529b212..183cd5b 100644
--- a/adb/sysdeps_win32_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/sysdeps_win32_test.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 #include "sysdeps.h"
 
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 
 TEST(sysdeps_win32, adb_getenv) {
     // Insert all test env vars before first call to adb_getenv() which will
diff --git a/adb/test_adb.py b/adb/test_adb.py
index cde2b22..430fc3d 100755
--- a/adb/test_adb.py
+++ b/adb/test_adb.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 import threading
 import time
 import unittest
+import warnings
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
@@ -229,6 +230,10 @@
                                 stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
 
         try:
+            # We get warnings for unclosed files for the subprocess's pipes,
+            # and it's somewhat cumbersome to close them, so just ignore this.
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore", ResourceWarning)
+
             # Run the adb client and have it start the adb server.
             proc = subprocess.Popen(["adb", "-P", str(port), "start-server"],
                                     stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
@@ -490,6 +495,58 @@
                 self.assertEqual(_devices(server_port), [])
 
 
+@unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "win32", "requires Windows")
+class PowerTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_resume_usb_kick(self):
+        """Resuming from sleep/hibernate should kick USB devices."""
+        try:
+            usb_serial = subprocess.check_output(["adb", "-d", "get-serialno"]).strip()
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+            # If there are multiple USB devices, we don't have a way to check whether the selected
+            # device is USB.
+            raise unittest.SkipTest('requires single USB device')
+
+        try:
+            serial = subprocess.check_output(["adb", "get-serialno"]).strip()
+        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
+            # Did you forget to select a device with $ANDROID_SERIAL?
+            raise unittest.SkipTest('requires $ANDROID_SERIAL set to a USB device')
+
+        # Test only works with USB devices because adb _power_notification_thread does not kick
+        # non-USB devices on resume event.
+        if serial != usb_serial:
+            raise unittest.SkipTest('requires USB device')
+
+        # Run an adb shell command in the background that takes a while to complete.
+        proc = subprocess.Popen(['adb', 'shell', 'sleep', '5'])
+
+        # Wait for startup of adb server's _power_notification_thread.
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+
+        # Simulate resuming from sleep/hibernation by sending Windows message.
+        import ctypes
+        from ctypes import wintypes
+        HWND_BROADCAST = 0xffff
+        WM_POWERBROADCAST = 0x218
+        PBT_APMRESUMEAUTOMATIC = 0x12
+
+        PostMessageW = ctypes.windll.user32.PostMessageW
+        PostMessageW.restype = wintypes.BOOL
+        PostMessageW.argtypes = (wintypes.HWND, wintypes.UINT, wintypes.WPARAM, wintypes.LPARAM)
+        result = PostMessageW(HWND_BROADCAST, WM_POWERBROADCAST, PBT_APMRESUMEAUTOMATIC, 0)
+        if not result:
+            raise ctypes.WinError()
+
+        # Wait for connection to adb shell to be broken by _power_notification_thread detecting the
+        # Windows message.
+        start = time.time()
+        proc.wait()
+        end = time.time()
+
+        # If the power event was detected, the adb shell command should be broken very quickly.
+        self.assertLess(end - start, 2)
+
+
 def main():
     """Main entrypoint."""
     random.seed(0)
diff --git a/adb/test_device.py b/adb/test_device.py
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 20f224a..34f8fd9
--- a/adb/test_device.py
+++ b/adb/test_device.py
@@ -750,8 +750,8 @@
             if host_dir is not None:
                 shutil.rmtree(host_dir)
 
-    def test_push_empty(self):
-        """Push a directory containing an empty directory to the device."""
+    def disabled_test_push_empty(self):
+        """Push an empty directory to the device."""
         self.device.shell(['rm', '-rf', self.DEVICE_TEMP_DIR])
         self.device.shell(['mkdir', self.DEVICE_TEMP_DIR])
 
@@ -767,9 +767,10 @@
 
             self.device.push(empty_dir_path, self.DEVICE_TEMP_DIR)
 
-            test_empty_cmd = ['[', '-d',
-                              os.path.join(self.DEVICE_TEMP_DIR, 'empty')]
+            remote_path = os.path.join(self.DEVICE_TEMP_DIR, "empty")
+            test_empty_cmd = ["[", "-d", remote_path, "]"]
             rc, _, _ = self.device.shell_nocheck(test_empty_cmd)
+
             self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
             self.device.shell(['rm', '-rf', self.DEVICE_TEMP_DIR])
         finally:
@@ -1334,6 +1335,206 @@
             self.device.forward_remove("tcp:{}".format(local_port))
 
 
+if sys.platform == "win32":
+    # From https://stackoverflow.com/a/38749458
+    import os
+    import contextlib
+    import msvcrt
+    import ctypes
+    from ctypes import wintypes
+
+    kernel32 = ctypes.WinDLL('kernel32', use_last_error=True)
+
+    GENERIC_READ  = 0x80000000
+    GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000
+    FILE_SHARE_READ  = 1
+    FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 2
+    CONSOLE_TEXTMODE_BUFFER = 1
+    INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = wintypes.HANDLE(-1).value
+    STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = wintypes.DWORD(-11)
+    STD_ERROR_HANDLE = wintypes.DWORD(-12)
+
+    def _check_zero(result, func, args):
+        if not result:
+            raise ctypes.WinError(ctypes.get_last_error())
+        return args
+
+    def _check_invalid(result, func, args):
+        if result == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE:
+            raise ctypes.WinError(ctypes.get_last_error())
+        return args
+
+    if not hasattr(wintypes, 'LPDWORD'): # Python 2
+        wintypes.LPDWORD = ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD)
+        wintypes.PSMALL_RECT = ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.SMALL_RECT)
+
+    class COORD(ctypes.Structure):
+        _fields_ = (('X', wintypes.SHORT),
+                    ('Y', wintypes.SHORT))
+
+    class CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFOEX(ctypes.Structure):
+        _fields_ = (('cbSize',               wintypes.ULONG),
+                    ('dwSize',               COORD),
+                    ('dwCursorPosition',     COORD),
+                    ('wAttributes',          wintypes.WORD),
+                    ('srWindow',             wintypes.SMALL_RECT),
+                    ('dwMaximumWindowSize',  COORD),
+                    ('wPopupAttributes',     wintypes.WORD),
+                    ('bFullscreenSupported', wintypes.BOOL),
+                    ('ColorTable',           wintypes.DWORD * 16))
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
+            super(CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFOEX, self).__init__(
+                    *args, **kwds)
+            self.cbSize = ctypes.sizeof(self)
+
+    PCONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFOEX = ctypes.POINTER(
+                                        CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFOEX)
+    LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES = wintypes.LPVOID
+
+    kernel32.GetStdHandle.errcheck = _check_invalid
+    kernel32.GetStdHandle.restype = wintypes.HANDLE
+    kernel32.GetStdHandle.argtypes = (
+        wintypes.DWORD,) # _In_ nStdHandle
+
+    kernel32.CreateConsoleScreenBuffer.errcheck = _check_invalid
+    kernel32.CreateConsoleScreenBuffer.restype = wintypes.HANDLE
+    kernel32.CreateConsoleScreenBuffer.argtypes = (
+        wintypes.DWORD,        # _In_       dwDesiredAccess
+        wintypes.DWORD,        # _In_       dwShareMode
+        LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES, # _In_opt_   lpSecurityAttributes
+        wintypes.DWORD,        # _In_       dwFlags
+        wintypes.LPVOID)       # _Reserved_ lpScreenBufferData
+
+    kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfoEx.errcheck = _check_zero
+    kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfoEx.argtypes = (
+        wintypes.HANDLE,               # _In_  hConsoleOutput
+        PCONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFOEX) # _Out_ lpConsoleScreenBufferInfo
+
+    kernel32.SetConsoleScreenBufferInfoEx.errcheck = _check_zero
+    kernel32.SetConsoleScreenBufferInfoEx.argtypes = (
+        wintypes.HANDLE,               # _In_  hConsoleOutput
+        PCONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFOEX) # _In_  lpConsoleScreenBufferInfo
+
+    kernel32.SetConsoleWindowInfo.errcheck = _check_zero
+    kernel32.SetConsoleWindowInfo.argtypes = (
+        wintypes.HANDLE,      # _In_ hConsoleOutput
+        wintypes.BOOL,        # _In_ bAbsolute
+        wintypes.PSMALL_RECT) # _In_ lpConsoleWindow
+
+    kernel32.FillConsoleOutputCharacterW.errcheck = _check_zero
+    kernel32.FillConsoleOutputCharacterW.argtypes = (
+        wintypes.HANDLE,  # _In_  hConsoleOutput
+        wintypes.WCHAR,   # _In_  cCharacter
+        wintypes.DWORD,   # _In_  nLength
+        COORD,            # _In_  dwWriteCoord
+        wintypes.LPDWORD) # _Out_ lpNumberOfCharsWritten
+
+    kernel32.ReadConsoleOutputCharacterW.errcheck = _check_zero
+    kernel32.ReadConsoleOutputCharacterW.argtypes = (
+        wintypes.HANDLE,  # _In_  hConsoleOutput
+        wintypes.LPWSTR,  # _Out_ lpCharacter
+        wintypes.DWORD,   # _In_  nLength
+        COORD,            # _In_  dwReadCoord
+        wintypes.LPDWORD) # _Out_ lpNumberOfCharsRead
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def allocate_console():
+        allocated = kernel32.AllocConsole()
+        try:
+            yield allocated
+        finally:
+            if allocated:
+                kernel32.FreeConsole()
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def console_screen(ncols=None, nrows=None):
+        info = CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFOEX()
+        new_info = CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFOEX()
+        nwritten = (wintypes.DWORD * 1)()
+        hStdOut = kernel32.GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
+        kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfoEx(
+               hStdOut, ctypes.byref(info))
+        if ncols is None:
+            ncols = info.dwSize.X
+        if nrows is None:
+            nrows = info.dwSize.Y
+        elif nrows > 9999:
+            raise ValueError('nrows must be 9999 or less')
+        fd_screen = None
+        hScreen = kernel32.CreateConsoleScreenBuffer(
+                    GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
+                    FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
+                    None, CONSOLE_TEXTMODE_BUFFER, None)
+        try:
+            fd_screen = msvcrt.open_osfhandle(
+                            hScreen, os.O_RDWR | os.O_BINARY)
+            kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfoEx(
+                   hScreen, ctypes.byref(new_info))
+            new_info.dwSize = COORD(ncols, nrows)
+            new_info.srWindow = wintypes.SMALL_RECT(
+                    Left=0, Top=0, Right=(ncols - 1),
+                    Bottom=(info.srWindow.Bottom - info.srWindow.Top))
+            kernel32.SetConsoleScreenBufferInfoEx(
+                    hScreen, ctypes.byref(new_info))
+            kernel32.SetConsoleWindowInfo(hScreen, True,
+                    ctypes.byref(new_info.srWindow))
+            kernel32.FillConsoleOutputCharacterW(
+                    hScreen, u'\0', ncols * nrows, COORD(0,0), nwritten)
+            kernel32.SetConsoleActiveScreenBuffer(hScreen)
+            try:
+                yield fd_screen
+            finally:
+                kernel32.SetConsoleScreenBufferInfoEx(
+                    hStdOut, ctypes.byref(info))
+                kernel32.SetConsoleWindowInfo(hStdOut, True,
+                        ctypes.byref(info.srWindow))
+                kernel32.SetConsoleActiveScreenBuffer(hStdOut)
+        finally:
+            if fd_screen is not None:
+                os.close(fd_screen)
+            else:
+                kernel32.CloseHandle(hScreen)
+
+    def read_screen(fd):
+        hScreen = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(fd)
+        csbi = CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFOEX()
+        kernel32.GetConsoleScreenBufferInfoEx(
+            hScreen, ctypes.byref(csbi))
+        ncols = csbi.dwSize.X
+        pos = csbi.dwCursorPosition
+        length = ncols * pos.Y + pos.X + 1
+        buf = (ctypes.c_wchar * length)()
+        n = (wintypes.DWORD * 1)()
+        kernel32.ReadConsoleOutputCharacterW(
+            hScreen, buf, length, COORD(0,0), n)
+        lines = [buf[i:i+ncols].rstrip(u'\0')
+                    for i in range(0, n[0], ncols)]
+        return u'\n'.join(lines)
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "win32", "requires Windows")
+class WindowsConsoleTest(DeviceTest):
+    def test_unicode_output(self):
+        """Test Unicode command line parameters and Unicode console window output.
+
+        Bug: https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/111972753
+        """
+        # If we don't have a console window, allocate one. This isn't necessary if we're already
+        # being run from a console window, which is typical.
+        with allocate_console() as allocated_console:
+            # Create a temporary console buffer and switch to it. We could also pass a parameter of
+            # ncols=len(unicode_string), but it causes the window to flash as it is resized and
+            # likely unnecessary given the typical console window size.
+            with console_screen(nrows=1000) as screen:
+                unicode_string = u'로보카 폴리'
+                # Run adb and allow it to detect that stdout is a console, not a pipe, by using
+                # device.shell_popen() which does not use a pipe, unlike device.shell().
+                process = self.device.shell_popen(['echo', '"' + unicode_string + '"'])
+                process.wait()
+                # Read what was written by adb to the temporary console buffer.
+                console_output = read_screen(screen)
+                self.assertEqual(unicode_string, console_output)
+
+
 def main():
     random.seed(0)
     if len(adb.get_devices()) > 0:
diff --git a/adb/transport.cpp b/adb/transport.cpp
index 239403a..ae53597 100644
--- a/adb/transport.cpp
+++ b/adb/transport.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #define TRACE_TAG TRANSPORT
 
 #include "sysdeps.h"
-#include "sysdeps/memory.h"
 
 #include "transport.h"
 
@@ -32,6 +31,7 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <deque>
 #include <list>
+#include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <set>
 #include <thread>
@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@
 #include "fdevent.h"
 #include "sysdeps/chrono.h"
 
-static void register_transport(atransport* transport);
 static void remove_transport(atransport* transport);
 static void transport_unref(atransport* transport);
 
@@ -67,6 +66,9 @@
 const char* const kFeatureStat2 = "stat_v2";
 const char* const kFeatureLibusb = "libusb";
 const char* const kFeaturePushSync = "push_sync";
+const char* const kFeatureApex = "apex";
+const char* const kFeatureFixedPushMkdir = "fixed_push_mkdir";
+const char* const kFeatureAbb = "abb";
 
 namespace {
 
@@ -408,42 +410,6 @@
     fd_.reset();
 }
 
-static std::string dump_packet(const char* name, const char* func, apacket* p) {
-    unsigned command = p->msg.command;
-    int len = p->msg.data_length;
-    char cmd[9];
-    char arg0[12], arg1[12];
-    int n;
-
-    for (n = 0; n < 4; n++) {
-        int b = (command >> (n * 8)) & 255;
-        if (b < 32 || b >= 127) break;
-        cmd[n] = (char)b;
-    }
-    if (n == 4) {
-        cmd[4] = 0;
-    } else {
-        /* There is some non-ASCII name in the command, so dump
-            * the hexadecimal value instead */
-        snprintf(cmd, sizeof cmd, "%08x", command);
-    }
-
-    if (p->msg.arg0 < 256U)
-        snprintf(arg0, sizeof arg0, "%d", p->msg.arg0);
-    else
-        snprintf(arg0, sizeof arg0, "0x%x", p->msg.arg0);
-
-    if (p->msg.arg1 < 256U)
-        snprintf(arg1, sizeof arg1, "%d", p->msg.arg1);
-    else
-        snprintf(arg1, sizeof arg1, "0x%x", p->msg.arg1);
-
-    std::string result = android::base::StringPrintf("%s: %s: [%s] arg0=%s arg1=%s (len=%d) ", name,
-                                                     func, cmd, arg0, arg1, len);
-    result += dump_hex(p->payload.data(), p->payload.size());
-    return result;
-}
-
 void send_packet(apacket* p, atransport* t) {
     p->msg.magic = p->msg.command ^ 0xffffffff;
     // compute a checksum for connection/auth packets for compatibility reasons
@@ -456,7 +422,7 @@
     VLOG(TRANSPORT) << dump_packet(t->serial.c_str(), "to remote", p);
 
     if (t == nullptr) {
-        fatal("Transport is null");
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Transport is null";
     }
 
     if (t->Write(p) != 0) {
@@ -562,7 +528,7 @@
 
 asocket* create_device_tracker(bool long_output) {
     device_tracker* tracker = new device_tracker();
-    if (tracker == nullptr) fatal("cannot allocate device tracker");
+    if (tracker == nullptr) LOG(FATAL) << "cannot allocate device tracker";
 
     D("device tracker %p created", tracker);
 
@@ -668,7 +634,7 @@
     }
 
     if (transport_read_action(_fd, &m)) {
-        fatal_errno("cannot read transport registration socket");
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "cannot read transport registration socket";
     }
 
     t = m.transport;
@@ -707,7 +673,7 @@
             return true;
         });
         t->connection()->SetErrorCallback([t](Connection*, const std::string& error) {
-            D("%s: connection terminated: %s", t->serial.c_str(), error.c_str());
+            LOG(INFO) << t->serial_name() << ": connection terminated: " << error;
             fdevent_run_on_main_thread([t]() {
                 handle_offline(t);
                 transport_unref(t);
@@ -742,7 +708,7 @@
     int s[2];
 
     if (adb_socketpair(s)) {
-        fatal_errno("cannot open transport registration socketpair");
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "cannot open transport registration socketpair";
     }
     D("socketpair: (%d,%d)", s[0], s[1]);
 
@@ -766,13 +732,13 @@
 }
 
 /* the fdevent select pump is single threaded */
-static void register_transport(atransport* transport) {
+void register_transport(atransport* transport) {
     tmsg m;
     m.transport = transport;
     m.action = 1;
     D("transport: %s registered", transport->serial.c_str());
     if (transport_write_action(transport_registration_send, &m)) {
-        fatal_errno("cannot write transport registration socket\n");
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "cannot write transport registration socket";
     }
 }
 
@@ -782,7 +748,7 @@
     m.action = 0;
     D("transport: %s removed", transport->serial.c_str());
     if (transport_write_action(transport_registration_send, &m)) {
-        fatal_errno("cannot write transport registration socket\n");
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "cannot write transport registration socket";
     }
 }
 
@@ -794,10 +760,15 @@
     CHECK_GT(t->ref_count, 0u);
     t->ref_count--;
     if (t->ref_count == 0) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "destroying transport " << t->serial_name();
         t->connection()->Stop();
 #if ADB_HOST
         if (t->IsTcpDevice() && !t->kicked()) {
             D("transport: %s unref (attempting reconnection)", t->serial.c_str());
+
+            // We need to clear the transport's keys, so that on the next connection, it tries
+            // again from the beginning.
+            t->ResetKeys();
             reconnect_handler.TrackTransport(t);
         } else {
             D("transport: %s unref (kicking and closing)", t->serial.c_str());
@@ -1040,26 +1011,22 @@
     return max_payload;
 }
 
-namespace {
-
-constexpr char kFeatureStringDelimiter = ',';
-
-}  // namespace
-
 const FeatureSet& supported_features() {
     // Local static allocation to avoid global non-POD variables.
     static const FeatureSet* features = new FeatureSet{
-        kFeatureShell2, kFeatureCmd, kFeatureStat2,
-        // Increment ADB_SERVER_VERSION whenever the feature list changes to
-        // make sure that the adb client and server features stay in sync
-        // (http://b/24370690).
+            kFeatureShell2,         kFeatureCmd,  kFeatureStat2,
+            kFeatureFixedPushMkdir, kFeatureApex, kFeatureAbb,
+            // Increment ADB_SERVER_VERSION when adding a feature that adbd needs
+            // to know about. Otherwise, the client can be stuck running an old
+            // version of the server even after upgrading their copy of adb.
+            // (http://b/24370690)
     };
 
     return *features;
 }
 
 std::string FeatureSetToString(const FeatureSet& features) {
-    return android::base::Join(features, kFeatureStringDelimiter);
+    return android::base::Join(features, ',');
 }
 
 FeatureSet StringToFeatureSet(const std::string& features_string) {
@@ -1067,7 +1034,7 @@
         return FeatureSet();
     }
 
-    auto names = android::base::Split(features_string, {kFeatureStringDelimiter});
+    auto names = android::base::Split(features_string, ",");
     return FeatureSet(names.begin(), names.end());
 }
 
@@ -1335,17 +1302,15 @@
     register_transport(t);
 }
 
+#if ADB_HOST
 // This should only be used for transports with connection_state == kCsNoPerm.
 void unregister_usb_transport(usb_handle* usb) {
     std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(transport_lock);
     transport_list.remove_if([usb](atransport* t) {
-        auto connection = t->connection();
-        if (auto usb_connection = dynamic_cast<UsbConnection*>(connection.get())) {
-            return usb_connection->handle_ == usb && t->GetConnectionState() == kCsNoPerm;
-        }
-        return false;
+        return t->GetUsbHandle() == usb && t->GetConnectionState() == kCsNoPerm;
     });
 }
+#endif
 
 bool check_header(apacket* p, atransport* t) {
     if (p->msg.magic != (p->msg.command ^ 0xffffffff)) {
@@ -1365,10 +1330,20 @@
 
 #if ADB_HOST
 std::shared_ptr<RSA> atransport::NextKey() {
-    if (keys_.empty()) keys_ = adb_auth_get_private_keys();
+    if (keys_.empty()) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "fetching keys for transport " << this->serial_name();
+        keys_ = adb_auth_get_private_keys();
+
+        // We should have gotten at least one key: the one that's automatically generated.
+        CHECK(!keys_.empty());
+    }
 
     std::shared_ptr<RSA> result = keys_[0];
     keys_.pop_front();
     return result;
 }
+
+void atransport::ResetKeys() {
+    keys_.clear();
+}
 #endif
diff --git a/adb/transport.h b/adb/transport.h
index f854ce5..6f53e6e 100644
--- a/adb/transport.h
+++ b/adb/transport.h
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 
 #include "adb.h"
 #include "adb_unique_fd.h"
+#include "usb.h"
 
 typedef std::unordered_set<std::string> FeatureSet;
 
@@ -57,8 +58,14 @@
 extern const char* const kFeatureStat2;
 // The server is running with libusb enabled.
 extern const char* const kFeatureLibusb;
-// The server supports `push --sync`.
+// adbd supports `push --sync`.
 extern const char* const kFeaturePushSync;
+// adbd supports installing .apex packages.
+extern const char* const kFeatureApex;
+// adbd has b/110953234 fixed.
+extern const char* const kFeatureFixedPushMkdir;
+// adbd supports android binder bridge (abb).
+extern const char* const kFeatureAbb;
 
 TransportId NextTransportId();
 
@@ -238,6 +245,9 @@
         return connection_;
     }
 
+    void SetUsbHandle(usb_handle* h) { usb_handle_ = h; }
+    usb_handle* GetUsbHandle() { return usb_handle_; }
+
     const TransportId id;
     size_t ref_count = 0;
     bool online = false;
@@ -254,6 +264,7 @@
 
 #if ADB_HOST
     std::shared_ptr<RSA> NextKey();
+    void ResetKeys();
 #endif
 
     char token[TOKEN_SIZE] = {};
@@ -328,6 +339,9 @@
     // The underlying connection object.
     std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection_ GUARDED_BY(mutex_);
 
+    // USB handle for the connection, if available.
+    usb_handle* usb_handle_ = nullptr;
+
     // A callback that will be invoked when the atransport needs to reconnect.
     ReconnectCallback reconnect_;
 
@@ -362,6 +376,7 @@
 void kick_all_tcp_devices();
 void kick_all_transports();
 
+void register_transport(atransport* transport);
 void register_usb_transport(usb_handle* h, const char* serial,
                             const char* devpath, unsigned writeable);
 
diff --git a/adb/transport_fd.cpp b/adb/transport_fd.cpp
index 85f3c52..a93e68a 100644
--- a/adb/transport_fd.cpp
+++ b/adb/transport_fd.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 
 #include <deque>
+#include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
@@ -28,7 +29,6 @@
 #include "adb_unique_fd.h"
 #include "adb_utils.h"
 #include "sysdeps.h"
-#include "sysdeps/memory.h"
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "types.h"
 
@@ -85,18 +85,9 @@
             if (pfds[0].revents) {
                 if ((pfds[0].revents & POLLOUT)) {
                     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(this->write_mutex_);
-                    WriteResult result = DispatchWrites();
-                    switch (result) {
-                        case WriteResult::Error:
-                            *error = "write failed";
-                            return;
-
-                        case WriteResult::Completed:
-                            writable_ = true;
-                            break;
-
-                        case WriteResult::TryAgain:
-                            break;
+                    if (DispatchWrites() == WriteResult::Error) {
+                        *error = "write failed";
+                        return;
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -179,13 +170,14 @@
 
     WriteResult DispatchWrites() REQUIRES(write_mutex_) {
         CHECK(!write_buffer_.empty());
-        if (!writable_) {
-            return WriteResult::TryAgain;
-        }
-
         auto iovs = write_buffer_.iovecs();
         ssize_t rc = adb_writev(fd_.get(), iovs.data(), iovs.size());
         if (rc == -1) {
+            if (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EWOULDBLOCK) {
+                writable_ = false;
+                return WriteResult::TryAgain;
+            }
+
             return WriteResult::Error;
         } else if (rc == 0) {
             errno = 0;
@@ -194,6 +186,7 @@
 
         // TODO: Implement a more efficient drop_front?
         write_buffer_.take_front(rc);
+        writable_ = write_buffer_.empty();
         if (write_buffer_.empty()) {
             return WriteResult::Completed;
         }
@@ -211,7 +204,12 @@
         if (!packet->payload.empty()) {
             write_buffer_.append(std::make_unique<IOVector::block_type>(std::move(packet->payload)));
         }
-        return DispatchWrites() != WriteResult::Error;
+
+        WriteResult result = DispatchWrites();
+        if (result == WriteResult::TryAgain) {
+            WakeThread();
+        }
+        return result != WriteResult::Error;
     }
 
     std::thread thread_;
diff --git a/adb/transport_local.cpp b/adb/transport_local.cpp
index 4fd483b..b384085 100644
--- a/adb/transport_local.cpp
+++ b/adb/transport_local.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <condition_variable>
+#include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <thread>
 #include <unordered_map>
@@ -44,8 +45,8 @@
 #include "adb_io.h"
 #include "adb_unique_fd.h"
 #include "adb_utils.h"
+#include "socket_spec.h"
 #include "sysdeps/chrono.h"
-#include "sysdeps/memory.h"
 
 #if ADB_HOST
 
@@ -70,32 +71,17 @@
 
 std::tuple<unique_fd, int, std::string> tcp_connect(const std::string& address,
                                                     std::string* response) {
-    std::string serial;
-    std::string host;
+    unique_fd fd;
     int port = DEFAULT_ADB_LOCAL_TRANSPORT_PORT;
-    if (!android::base::ParseNetAddress(address, &host, &port, &serial, response)) {
-        D("failed to parse address: '%s'", address.c_str());
-        return std::make_tuple(unique_fd(), port, serial);
-    }
-
-    std::string error;
-    unique_fd fd(network_connect(host.c_str(), port, SOCK_STREAM, 10, &error));
-    if (fd == -1) {
-        *response = android::base::StringPrintf("unable to connect to %s: %s",
-                                                serial.c_str(), error.c_str());
+    std::string serial;
+    if (socket_spec_connect(&fd, "tcp:" + address, &port, &serial, response)) {
+        close_on_exec(fd);
+        if (!set_tcp_keepalive(fd, 1)) {
+            D("warning: failed to configure TCP keepalives (%s)", strerror(errno));
+        }
         return std::make_tuple(std::move(fd), port, serial);
     }
-
-    D("client: connected %s remote on fd %d", serial.c_str(), fd.get());
-    close_on_exec(fd);
-    disable_tcp_nagle(fd);
-
-    // Send a TCP keepalive ping to the device every second so we can detect disconnects.
-    if (!set_tcp_keepalive(fd, 1)) {
-        D("warning: failed to configure TCP keepalives (%s)", strerror(errno));
-    }
-
-    return std::make_tuple(std::move(fd), port, serial);
+    return std::make_tuple(unique_fd(), 0, "");
 }
 
 void connect_device(const std::string& address, std::string* response) {
@@ -187,8 +173,8 @@
 }
 
 // Retry the disconnected local port for 60 times, and sleep 1 second between two retries.
-constexpr uint32_t LOCAL_PORT_RETRY_COUNT = 60;
-constexpr auto LOCAL_PORT_RETRY_INTERVAL = 1s;
+static constexpr uint32_t LOCAL_PORT_RETRY_COUNT = 60;
+static constexpr auto LOCAL_PORT_RETRY_INTERVAL = 1s;
 
 struct RetryPort {
     int port;
@@ -251,8 +237,9 @@
     adb_thread_setname("server socket");
     D("transport: server_socket_thread() starting");
     while (serverfd == -1) {
+        std::string spec = android::base::StringPrintf("tcp:%d", port);
         std::string error;
-        serverfd.reset(network_inaddr_any_server(port, SOCK_STREAM, &error));
+        serverfd.reset(socket_spec_listen(spec, &error));
         if (serverfd < 0) {
             D("server: cannot bind socket yet: %s", error.c_str());
             std::this_thread::sleep_for(1s);
diff --git a/adb/transport_test.cpp b/adb/transport_test.cpp
index 8c628d8..b66f8fa 100644
--- a/adb/transport_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/transport_test.cpp
@@ -19,13 +19,16 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include "adb.h"
+#include "fdevent_test.h"
+
+struct TransportTest : public FdeventTest {};
 
 static void DisconnectFunc(void* arg, atransport*) {
     int* count = reinterpret_cast<int*>(arg);
     ++*count;
 }
 
-TEST(transport, RunDisconnects) {
+TEST_F(TransportTest, RunDisconnects) {
     atransport t;
     // RunDisconnects() can be called with an empty atransport.
     t.RunDisconnects();
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(0, count);
 }
 
-TEST(transport, SetFeatures) {
+TEST_F(TransportTest, SetFeatures) {
     atransport t;
     ASSERT_EQ(0U, t.features().size());
 
@@ -77,8 +80,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(0U, t.features().size());
 }
 
-TEST(transport, parse_banner_no_features) {
-    set_main_thread();
+TEST_F(TransportTest, parse_banner_no_features) {
     atransport t;
 
     parse_banner("host::", &t);
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(std::string(), t.device);
 }
 
-TEST(transport, parse_banner_product_features) {
+TEST_F(TransportTest, parse_banner_product_features) {
     atransport t;
 
     const char banner[] =
@@ -107,9 +109,8 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(std::string("baz"), t.device);
 }
 
-TEST(transport, parse_banner_features) {
+TEST_F(TransportTest, parse_banner_features) {
     atransport t;
-
     const char banner[] =
         "host::ro.product.name=foo;ro.product.model=bar;ro.product.device=baz;"
         "features=woodly,doodly";
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(std::string("baz"), t.device);
 }
 
-TEST(transport, test_matches_target) {
+TEST_F(TransportTest, test_matches_target) {
     std::string serial = "foo";
     std::string devpath = "/path/to/bar";
     std::string product = "test_product";
@@ -157,7 +158,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST(transport, test_matches_target_local) {
+TEST_F(TransportTest, test_matches_target_local) {
     std::string serial = "100.100.100.100:5555";
 
     atransport t;
diff --git a/adb/transport_usb.cpp b/adb/transport_usb.cpp
index 602970c..2e5918a 100644
--- a/adb/transport_usb.cpp
+++ b/adb/transport_usb.cpp
@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@
 
 #define TRACE_TAG TRANSPORT
 
+#include <memory>
+
 #include "sysdeps.h"
-#include "sysdeps/memory.h"
 #include "transport.h"
 
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -179,6 +180,7 @@
     auto connection = std::make_unique<UsbConnection>(h);
     t->SetConnection(std::make_unique<BlockingConnectionAdapter>(std::move(connection)));
     t->type = kTransportUsb;
+    t->SetUsbHandle(h);
 }
 
 int is_adb_interface(int usb_class, int usb_subclass, int usb_protocol) {
diff --git a/adb/types.h b/adb/types.h
index a3e5d48..0090c98 100644
--- a/adb/types.h
+++ b/adb/types.h
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 
-#include "sysdeps/memory.h"
 #include "sysdeps/uio.h"
 
 // Essentially std::vector<char>, except without zero initialization or reallocation.
@@ -42,14 +41,14 @@
     }
 
     Block(const Block& copy) = delete;
-    Block(Block&& move) {
+    Block(Block&& move) noexcept {
         std::swap(data_, move.data_);
         std::swap(capacity_, move.capacity_);
         std::swap(size_, move.size_);
     }
 
     Block& operator=(const Block& copy) = delete;
-    Block& operator=(Block&& move) {
+    Block& operator=(Block&& move) noexcept {
         clear();
 
         std::swap(data_, move.data_);
@@ -109,7 +108,10 @@
         CHECK_EQ(0ULL, capacity_);
         CHECK_EQ(0ULL, size_);
         if (size != 0) {
-            data_ = std::make_unique<char[]>(size);
+            // This isn't std::make_unique because that's equivalent to `new char[size]()`, which
+            // value-initializes the array instead of leaving it uninitialized. As an optimization,
+            // call new without parentheses to avoid this costly initialization.
+            data_.reset(new char[size]);
             capacity_ = size;
             size_ = size;
         }
@@ -147,12 +149,10 @@
     }
 
     IOVector(const IOVector& copy) = delete;
-    IOVector(IOVector&& move) : IOVector() {
-        *this = std::move(move);
-    }
+    IOVector(IOVector&& move) noexcept : IOVector() { *this = std::move(move); }
 
     IOVector& operator=(const IOVector& copy) = delete;
-    IOVector& operator=(IOVector&& move) {
+    IOVector& operator=(IOVector&& move) noexcept {
         chain_ = std::move(move.chain_);
         chain_length_ = move.chain_length_;
         begin_offset_ = move.begin_offset_;
diff --git a/adb/types_test.cpp b/adb/types_test.cpp
index 31ab90a..1fbd2ca 100644
--- a/adb/types_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/types_test.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "sysdeps/memory.h"
+#include <memory>
 #include "types.h"
 
 static std::unique_ptr<IOVector::block_type> create_block(const std::string& string) {
diff --git a/base/Android.bp b/base/Android.bp
index 3d80d97..b0181aa 100644
--- a/base/Android.bp
+++ b/base/Android.bp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
         "-Wextra",
+        "-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -47,6 +48,7 @@
         "chrono_utils.cpp",
         "file.cpp",
         "logging.cpp",
+        "mapped_file.cpp",
         "parsenetaddress.cpp",
         "properties.cpp",
         "quick_exit.cpp",
@@ -56,6 +58,7 @@
         "test_utils.cpp",
     ],
 
+    cppflags: ["-Wexit-time-destructors"],
     shared_libs: ["liblog"],
     target: {
         android: {
@@ -68,13 +71,11 @@
             srcs: [
                 "errors_unix.cpp",
             ],
-            cppflags: ["-Wexit-time-destructors"],
         },
         darwin: {
             srcs: [
                 "errors_unix.cpp",
             ],
-            cppflags: ["-Wexit-time-destructors"],
         },
         linux_bionic: {
             enabled: true,
@@ -125,6 +126,7 @@
         "file_test.cpp",
         "logging_test.cpp",
         "macros_test.cpp",
+        "mapped_file_test.cpp",
         "parsedouble_test.cpp",
         "parseint_test.cpp",
         "parsenetaddress_test.cpp",
diff --git a/base/file.cpp b/base/file.cpp
index d6fe753..2f4a517 100644
--- a/base/file.cpp
+++ b/base/file.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,11 @@
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <ftw.h>
 #include <libgen.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -28,20 +32,144 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "android-base/logging.h"
-#include "android-base/macros.h"  // For TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY on Darwin.
-#include "android-base/unique_fd.h"
-#include "android-base/utf8.h"
-
 #if defined(__APPLE__)
 #include <mach-o/dyld.h>
 #endif
 #if defined(_WIN32)
+#include <direct.h>
 #include <windows.h>
-#define O_CLOEXEC O_NOINHERIT
 #define O_NOFOLLOW 0
+#define OS_PATH_SEPARATOR '\\'
+#else
+#define OS_PATH_SEPARATOR '/'
 #endif
 
+#include "android-base/logging.h"  // and must be after windows.h for ERROR
+#include "android-base/macros.h"   // For TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY on Darwin.
+#include "android-base/unique_fd.h"
+#include "android-base/utf8.h"
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+int mkstemp(char* template_name) {
+  if (_mktemp(template_name) == nullptr) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  // Use open() to match the close() that TemporaryFile's destructor does.
+  // Use O_BINARY to match base file APIs.
+  return open(template_name, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_RDWR | O_BINARY, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
+}
+
+char* mkdtemp(char* template_name) {
+  if (_mktemp(template_name) == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  if (_mkdir(template_name) == -1) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return template_name;
+}
+#endif
+
+namespace {
+
+std::string GetSystemTempDir() {
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+  const auto* tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR");
+  if (tmpdir == nullptr) tmpdir = "/data/local/tmp";
+  if (access(tmpdir, R_OK | W_OK | X_OK) == 0) {
+    return tmpdir;
+  }
+  // Tests running in app context can't access /data/local/tmp,
+  // so try current directory if /data/local/tmp is not accessible.
+  return ".";
+#elif defined(_WIN32)
+  char tmp_dir[MAX_PATH];
+  DWORD result = GetTempPathA(sizeof(tmp_dir), tmp_dir);  // checks TMP env
+  CHECK_NE(result, 0ul) << "GetTempPathA failed, error: " << GetLastError();
+  CHECK_LT(result, sizeof(tmp_dir)) << "path truncated to: " << result;
+
+  // GetTempPath() returns a path with a trailing slash, but init()
+  // does not expect that, so remove it.
+  CHECK_EQ(tmp_dir[result - 1], '\\');
+  tmp_dir[result - 1] = '\0';
+  return tmp_dir;
+#else
+  const auto* tmpdir = getenv("TMPDIR");
+  if (tmpdir == nullptr) tmpdir = "/tmp";
+  return tmpdir;
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TemporaryFile::TemporaryFile() {
+  init(GetSystemTempDir());
+}
+
+TemporaryFile::TemporaryFile(const std::string& tmp_dir) {
+  init(tmp_dir);
+}
+
+TemporaryFile::~TemporaryFile() {
+  if (fd != -1) {
+    close(fd);
+  }
+  if (remove_file_) {
+    unlink(path);
+  }
+}
+
+int TemporaryFile::release() {
+  int result = fd;
+  fd = -1;
+  return result;
+}
+
+void TemporaryFile::init(const std::string& tmp_dir) {
+  snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s%cTemporaryFile-XXXXXX", tmp_dir.c_str(), OS_PATH_SEPARATOR);
+  fd = mkstemp(path);
+}
+
+TemporaryDir::TemporaryDir() {
+  init(GetSystemTempDir());
+}
+
+TemporaryDir::~TemporaryDir() {
+  if (!remove_dir_and_contents_) return;
+
+  auto callback = [](const char* child, const struct stat*, int file_type, struct FTW*) -> int {
+    switch (file_type) {
+      case FTW_D:
+      case FTW_DP:
+      case FTW_DNR:
+        if (rmdir(child) == -1) {
+          PLOG(ERROR) << "rmdir " << child;
+        }
+        break;
+      case FTW_NS:
+      default:
+        if (rmdir(child) != -1) break;
+        // FALLTHRU (for gcc, lint, pcc, etc; and following for clang)
+        FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
+      case FTW_F:
+      case FTW_SL:
+      case FTW_SLN:
+        if (unlink(child) == -1) {
+          PLOG(ERROR) << "unlink " << child;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  };
+
+  nftw(path, callback, 128, FTW_DEPTH | FTW_MOUNT | FTW_PHYS);
+}
+
+bool TemporaryDir::init(const std::string& tmp_dir) {
+  snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s%cTemporaryDir-XXXXXX", tmp_dir.c_str(), OS_PATH_SEPARATOR);
+  return (mkdtemp(path) != nullptr);
+}
+
 namespace android {
 namespace base {
 
diff --git a/base/file_test.cpp b/base/file_test.cpp
index 6794652..f64e81c 100644
--- a/base/file_test.cpp
+++ b/base/file_test.cpp
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
-#include "android-base/test_utils.h"
-
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
 #include <pwd.h>
 #endif
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/file.h b/base/include/android-base/file.h
index 908690b..f8748b5 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/file.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/file.h
@@ -18,17 +18,62 @@
 
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
+
 #include <string>
 
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include "android-base/off64_t.h"
+
 #if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(O_BINARY)
+/** Windows needs O_BINARY, but Unix never mangles line endings. */
 #define O_BINARY 0
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__APPLE__)
-/* Mac OS has always had a 64-bit off_t, so it doesn't have off64_t. */
-typedef off_t off64_t;
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(O_CLOEXEC)
+/** Windows has O_CLOEXEC but calls it O_NOINHERIT for some reason. */
+#define O_CLOEXEC O_NOINHERIT
 #endif
 
+class TemporaryFile {
+ public:
+  TemporaryFile();
+  explicit TemporaryFile(const std::string& tmp_dir);
+  ~TemporaryFile();
+
+  // Release the ownership of fd, caller is reponsible for closing the
+  // fd or stream properly.
+  int release();
+  // Don't remove the temporary file in the destructor.
+  void DoNotRemove() { remove_file_ = false; }
+
+  int fd;
+  char path[1024];
+
+ private:
+  void init(const std::string& tmp_dir);
+
+  bool remove_file_ = true;
+
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TemporaryFile);
+};
+
+class TemporaryDir {
+ public:
+  TemporaryDir();
+  ~TemporaryDir();
+  // Don't remove the temporary dir in the destructor.
+  void DoNotRemove() { remove_dir_and_contents_ = false; }
+
+  char path[1024];
+
+ private:
+  bool init(const std::string& tmp_dir);
+
+  bool remove_dir_and_contents_ = true;
+
+  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TemporaryDir);
+};
+
 namespace android {
 namespace base {
 
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/macros.h b/base/include/android-base/macros.h
index 49cc0c9..5abf514 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/macros.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/macros.h
@@ -75,46 +75,6 @@
 
 #define arraysize(array) (sizeof(ArraySizeHelper(array)))
 
-// ARRAYSIZE_UNSAFE performs essentially the same calculation as arraysize,
-// but can be used on anonymous types or types defined inside
-// functions.  It's less safe than arraysize as it accepts some
-// (although not all) pointers.  Therefore, you should use arraysize
-// whenever possible.
-//
-// The expression ARRAYSIZE_UNSAFE(a) is a compile-time constant of type
-// size_t.
-//
-// ARRAYSIZE_UNSAFE catches a few type errors.  If you see a compiler error
-//
-//   "warning: division by zero in ..."
-//
-// when using ARRAYSIZE_UNSAFE, you are (wrongfully) giving it a pointer.
-// You should only use ARRAYSIZE_UNSAFE on statically allocated arrays.
-//
-// The following comments are on the implementation details, and can
-// be ignored by the users.
-//
-// ARRAYSIZE_UNSAFE(arr) works by inspecting sizeof(arr) (the # of bytes in
-// the array) and sizeof(*(arr)) (the # of bytes in one array
-// element).  If the former is divisible by the latter, perhaps arr is
-// indeed an array, in which case the division result is the # of
-// elements in the array.  Otherwise, arr cannot possibly be an array,
-// and we generate a compiler error to prevent the code from
-// compiling.
-//
-// Since the size of bool is implementation-defined, we need to cast
-// !(sizeof(a) & sizeof(*(a))) to size_t in order to ensure the final
-// result has type size_t.
-//
-// This macro is not perfect as it wrongfully accepts certain
-// pointers, namely where the pointer size is divisible by the pointee
-// size.  Since all our code has to go through a 32-bit compiler,
-// where a pointer is 4 bytes, this means all pointers to a type whose
-// size is 3 or greater than 4 will be (righteously) rejected.
-#define ARRAYSIZE_UNSAFE(a)     \
-  ((sizeof(a) / sizeof(*(a))) / \
-    static_cast<size_t>(!(sizeof(a) % sizeof(*(a)))))
-
 #define SIZEOF_MEMBER(t, f) sizeof(std::declval<t>().f)
 
 // Changing this definition will cause you a lot of pain.  A majority of
@@ -153,24 +113,26 @@
 //    case 42:
 //      ...
 //
-//  As shown in the example above, the FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED macro should be
-//  followed by a semicolon. It is designed to mimic control-flow statements
-//  like 'break;', so it can be placed in most places where 'break;' can, but
-//  only if there are no statements on the execution path between it and the
-//  next switch label.
+// As shown in the example above, the FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED macro should be
+// followed by a semicolon. It is designed to mimic control-flow statements
+// like 'break;', so it can be placed in most places where 'break;' can, but
+// only if there are no statements on the execution path between it and the
+// next switch label.
 //
-//  When compiled with clang, the FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED macro is expanded to
-//  [[clang::fallthrough]] attribute, which is analysed when performing switch
-//  labels fall-through diagnostic ('-Wimplicit-fallthrough'). See clang
-//  documentation on language extensions for details:
-//  http://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html#clang__fallthrough
+// When compiled with clang, the FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED macro is expanded to
+// [[clang::fallthrough]] attribute, which is analysed when performing switch
+// labels fall-through diagnostic ('-Wimplicit-fallthrough'). See clang
+// documentation on language extensions for details:
+// http://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html#clang__fallthrough
 //
-//  When used with unsupported compilers, the FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED macro has no
-//  effect on diagnostics.
+// When used with unsupported compilers, the FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED macro has no
+// effect on diagnostics.
 //
-//  In either case this macro has no effect on runtime behavior and performance
-//  of code.
+// In either case this macro has no effect on runtime behavior and performance
+// of code.
+#ifndef FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED
 #define FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED [[clang::fallthrough]]  // NOLINT
+#endif
 
 // Current ABI string
 #if defined(__arm__)
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/mapped_file.h b/base/include/android-base/mapped_file.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80513b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/base/include/android-base/mapped_file.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "android-base/macros.h"
+#include "android-base/off64_t.h"
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#include <windows.h>
+#define PROT_READ 1
+#define PROT_WRITE 2
+#else
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace android {
+namespace base {
+
+/**
+ * A region of a file mapped into memory.
+ */
+class MappedFile {
+ public:
+  /**
+   * Creates a new mapping of the file pointed to by `fd`. Unlike the underlying OS primitives,
+   * `offset` does not need to be page-aligned. If `PROT_WRITE` is set in `prot`, the mapping
+   * will be writable, otherwise it will be read-only. Mappings are always `MAP_SHARED`.
+   */
+  static std::unique_ptr<MappedFile> FromFd(int fd, off64_t offset, size_t length, int prot);
+
+  /**
+   * Removes the mapping.
+   */
+  ~MappedFile();
+
+  char* data() { return base_ + offset_; }
+  size_t size() { return size_; }
+
+ private:
+  DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(MappedFile);
+
+  char* base_;
+  size_t size_;
+
+  size_t offset_;
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  MappedFile(char* base, size_t size, size_t offset, HANDLE handle)
+      : base_(base), size_(size), offset_(offset), handle_(handle) {}
+  HANDLE handle_;
+#else
+  MappedFile(char* base, size_t size, size_t offset) : base_(base), size_(size), offset_(offset) {}
+#endif
+};
+
+}  // namespace base
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h b/base/include/android-base/off64_t.h
similarity index 74%
copy from libbacktrace/GetPss.h
copy to base/include/android-base/off64_t.h
index 787c33d..e6b71b8 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/off64_t.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
-#define _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+#pragma once
 
-size_t GetPssBytes();
-
-#endif // _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+/** Mac OS has always had a 64-bit off_t, so it doesn't have off64_t. */
+typedef off_t off64_t;
+#endif
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/parseint.h b/base/include/android-base/parseint.h
index 9444fdd..be8b97b 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/parseint.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/parseint.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 #include <limits>
 #include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace base {
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@
 template <typename T>
 bool ParseUint(const char* s, T* out, T max = std::numeric_limits<T>::max(),
                bool allow_suffixes = false) {
+  static_assert(std::is_unsigned<T>::value, "ParseUint can only be used with unsigned types");
   while (isspace(*s)) {
     s++;
   }
@@ -96,6 +98,7 @@
 bool ParseInt(const char* s, T* out,
               T min = std::numeric_limits<T>::min(),
               T max = std::numeric_limits<T>::max()) {
+  static_assert(std::is_signed<T>::value, "ParseInt can only be used with signed types");
   while (isspace(*s)) {
     s++;
   }
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/scopeguard.h b/base/include/android-base/scopeguard.h
index e6a9d10..5a224d6 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/scopeguard.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/scopeguard.h
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
  public:
   ScopeGuard(F&& f) : f_(std::forward<F>(f)), active_(true) {}
 
-  ScopeGuard(ScopeGuard&& that) : f_(std::move(that.f_)), active_(that.active_) {
+  ScopeGuard(ScopeGuard&& that) noexcept : f_(std::move(that.f_)), active_(that.active_) {
     that.active_ = false;
   }
 
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/strings.h b/base/include/android-base/strings.h
index 9c35560..fc5c1ce 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/strings.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/strings.h
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@
 bool StartsWithIgnoreCase(const std::string& s, const char* prefix);
 bool StartsWith(const std::string& s, const std::string& prefix);
 bool StartsWithIgnoreCase(const std::string& s, const std::string& prefix);
+bool StartsWith(const std::string& s, char prefix);
 
 // Tests whether 's' ends with 'suffix'.
 // TODO: string_view
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@
 bool EndsWithIgnoreCase(const std::string& s, const char* suffix);
 bool EndsWith(const std::string& s, const std::string& suffix);
 bool EndsWithIgnoreCase(const std::string& s, const std::string& suffix);
+bool EndsWith(const std::string& s, char suffix);
 
 // Tests whether 'lhs' equals 'rhs', ignoring case.
 bool EqualsIgnoreCase(const std::string& lhs, const std::string& rhs);
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/test_utils.h b/base/include/android-base/test_utils.h
index 9e2ea97..b20f278 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/test_utils.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/test_utils.h
@@ -19,59 +19,26 @@
 #include <regex>
 #include <string>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
 
-class TemporaryFile {
- public:
-  TemporaryFile();
-  explicit TemporaryFile(const std::string& tmp_dir);
-  ~TemporaryFile();
-
-  // Release the ownership of fd, caller is reponsible for closing the
-  // fd or stream properly.
-  int release();
-  // Don't remove the temporary file in the destructor.
-  void DoNotRemove() { remove_file_ = false; }
-
-  int fd;
-  char path[1024];
-
- private:
-  void init(const std::string& tmp_dir);
-
-  bool remove_file_ = true;
-
-  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TemporaryFile);
-};
-
-class TemporaryDir {
- public:
-  TemporaryDir();
-  ~TemporaryDir();
-
-  char path[1024];
-
- private:
-  bool init(const std::string& tmp_dir);
-
-  DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(TemporaryDir);
-};
-
 class CapturedStdFd {
  public:
   CapturedStdFd(int std_fd);
   ~CapturedStdFd();
 
-  int fd() const;
   std::string str();
 
- private:
-  void Init();
+  void Start();
+  void Stop();
   void Reset();
 
+ private:
+  int fd() const;
+
   TemporaryFile temp_file_;
   int std_fd_;
-  int old_fd_;
+  int old_fd_ = -1;
 
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(CapturedStdFd);
 };
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/unique_fd.h b/base/include/android-base/unique_fd.h
index c6936f1..2c890b4 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/unique_fd.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/unique_fd.h
@@ -16,12 +16,15 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <dirent.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
+#include <dirent.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #endif
 
+#include <stdio.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
@@ -89,8 +92,8 @@
   explicit unique_fd_impl(int fd) { reset(fd); }
   ~unique_fd_impl() { reset(); }
 
-  unique_fd_impl(unique_fd_impl&& other) { reset(other.release()); }
-  unique_fd_impl& operator=(unique_fd_impl&& s) {
+  unique_fd_impl(unique_fd_impl&& other) noexcept { reset(other.release()); }
+  unique_fd_impl& operator=(unique_fd_impl&& s) noexcept {
     int fd = s.fd_;
     s.fd_ = -1;
     reset(fd, &s);
@@ -100,7 +103,7 @@
   void reset(int new_value = -1) { reset(new_value, nullptr); }
 
   int get() const { return fd_; }
-  operator int() const { return get(); }
+  operator int() const { return get(); }  // NOLINT
 
   int release() __attribute__((warn_unused_result)) {
     tag(fd_, this, nullptr);
@@ -158,22 +161,35 @@
 
 // Inline functions, so that they can be used header-only.
 template <typename Closer>
-inline bool Pipe(unique_fd_impl<Closer>* read, unique_fd_impl<Closer>* write) {
+inline bool Pipe(unique_fd_impl<Closer>* read, unique_fd_impl<Closer>* write,
+                 int flags = O_CLOEXEC) {
   int pipefd[2];
 
 #if defined(__linux__)
-  if (pipe2(pipefd, O_CLOEXEC) != 0) {
+  if (pipe2(pipefd, flags) != 0) {
     return false;
   }
 #else  // defined(__APPLE__)
+  if (flags & ~(O_CLOEXEC | O_NONBLOCK)) {
+    return false;
+  }
   if (pipe(pipefd) != 0) {
     return false;
   }
 
-  if (fcntl(pipefd[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) != 0 || fcntl(pipefd[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) != 0) {
-    close(pipefd[0]);
-    close(pipefd[1]);
-    return false;
+  if (flags & O_CLOEXEC) {
+    if (fcntl(pipefd[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) != 0 || fcntl(pipefd[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) != 0) {
+      close(pipefd[0]);
+      close(pipefd[1]);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  if (flags & O_NONBLOCK) {
+    if (fcntl(pipefd[0], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) != 0 || fcntl(pipefd[1], F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) != 0) {
+      close(pipefd[0]);
+      close(pipefd[1]);
+      return false;
+    }
   }
 #endif
 
@@ -199,6 +215,28 @@
   return Socketpair(AF_UNIX, type, 0, left, right);
 }
 
+// Using fdopen with unique_fd correctly is more annoying than it should be,
+// because fdopen doesn't close the file descriptor received upon failure.
+inline FILE* Fdopen(unique_fd&& ufd, const char* mode) {
+  int fd = ufd.release();
+  FILE* file = fdopen(fd, mode);
+  if (!file) {
+    close(fd);
+  }
+  return file;
+}
+
+// Using fdopendir with unique_fd correctly is more annoying than it should be,
+// because fdopen doesn't close the file descriptor received upon failure.
+inline DIR* Fdopendir(unique_fd&& ufd) {
+  int fd = ufd.release();
+  DIR* dir = fdopendir(fd);
+  if (dir == nullptr) {
+    close(fd);
+  }
+  return dir;
+}
+
 #endif  // !defined(_WIN32)
 
 }  // namespace base
@@ -207,3 +245,13 @@
 template <typename T>
 int close(const android::base::unique_fd_impl<T>&)
     __attribute__((__unavailable__("close called on unique_fd")));
+
+template <typename T>
+FILE* fdopen(const android::base::unique_fd_impl<T>&, const char* mode)
+    __attribute__((__unavailable__("fdopen takes ownership of the fd passed in; either dup the "
+                                   "unique_fd, or use android::base::Fdopen to pass ownership")));
+
+template <typename T>
+DIR* fdopendir(const android::base::unique_fd_impl<T>&) __attribute__((
+    __unavailable__("fdopendir takes ownership of the fd passed in; either dup the "
+                    "unique_fd, or use android::base::Fdopendir to pass ownership")));
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/utf8.h b/base/include/android-base/utf8.h
index 4b91623..1a414ec 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/utf8.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/utf8.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #ifdef _WIN32
+#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <string>
 #else
 // Bring in prototypes for standard APIs so that we can import them into the utf8 namespace.
diff --git a/base/logging.cpp b/base/logging.cpp
index d60d91d..f89168c 100644
--- a/base/logging.cpp
+++ b/base/logging.cpp
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #endif
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
@@ -71,14 +72,8 @@
   static char progname[MAX_PATH] = {};
 
   if (first) {
-    CHAR longname[MAX_PATH];
-    DWORD nchars = GetModuleFileNameA(nullptr, longname, arraysize(longname));
-    if ((nchars >= arraysize(longname)) || (nchars == 0)) {
-      // String truncation or some other error.
-      strcpy(progname, "<unknown>");
-    } else {
-      strcpy(progname, basename(longname));
-    }
+    snprintf(progname, sizeof(progname), "%s",
+             android::base::Basename(android::base::GetExecutablePath()).c_str());
     first = false;
   }
 
@@ -422,6 +417,14 @@
   }
   std::string msg(data_->ToString());
 
+  if (data_->GetSeverity() == FATAL) {
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+    // Set the bionic abort message early to avoid liblog doing it
+    // with the individual lines, so that we get the whole message.
+    android_set_abort_message(msg.c_str());
+#endif
+  }
+
   {
     // Do the actual logging with the lock held.
     std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(LoggingLock());
diff --git a/base/logging_test.cpp b/base/logging_test.cpp
index 75b4ea0..3113fb4 100644
--- a/base/logging_test.cpp
+++ b/base/logging_test.cpp
@@ -206,10 +206,8 @@
 }
 #endif
 
-static void CheckMessage(CapturedStderr& cap, android::base::LogSeverity severity,
+static void CheckMessage(const std::string& output, android::base::LogSeverity severity,
                          const char* expected, const char* expected_tag = nullptr) {
-  std::string output = cap.str();
-
   // We can't usefully check the output of any of these on Windows because we
   // don't have std::regex, but we can at least make sure we printed at least as
   // many characters are in the log message.
@@ -231,20 +229,28 @@
 #endif
 }
 
+static void CheckMessage(CapturedStderr& cap, android::base::LogSeverity severity,
+                         const char* expected, const char* expected_tag = nullptr) {
+  cap.Stop();
+  std::string output = cap.str();
+  return CheckMessage(output, severity, expected, expected_tag);
+}
 
-#define CHECK_LOG_STREAM_DISABLED(severity) \
-  { \
+#define CHECK_LOG_STREAM_DISABLED(severity)                      \
+  {                                                              \
     android::base::ScopedLogSeverity sls1(android::base::FATAL); \
-    CapturedStderr cap1; \
-    LOG_STREAM(severity) << "foo bar"; \
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek(cap1.fd(), 0, SEEK_CUR)); \
-  } \
-  { \
+    CapturedStderr cap1;                                         \
+    LOG_STREAM(severity) << "foo bar";                           \
+    cap1.Stop();                                                 \
+    ASSERT_EQ("", cap1.str());                                   \
+  }                                                              \
+  {                                                              \
     android::base::ScopedLogSeverity sls1(android::base::FATAL); \
-    CapturedStderr cap1; \
-    LOG_STREAM(::android::base::severity) << "foo bar"; \
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek(cap1.fd(), 0, SEEK_CUR)); \
-  } \
+    CapturedStderr cap1;                                         \
+    LOG_STREAM(::android::base::severity) << "foo bar";          \
+    cap1.Stop();                                                 \
+    ASSERT_EQ("", cap1.str());                                   \
+  }
 
 #define CHECK_LOG_STREAM_ENABLED(severity) \
   { \
@@ -265,7 +271,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_STREAM_FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT_enabled) {
-  CHECK_LOG_STREAM_ENABLED(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_LOG_STREAM_ENABLED(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_STREAM_ERROR_disabled) {
@@ -273,7 +279,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_STREAM_ERROR_enabled) {
-  CHECK_LOG_STREAM_ENABLED(ERROR);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_LOG_STREAM_ENABLED(ERROR));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_STREAM_WARNING_disabled) {
@@ -281,7 +287,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_STREAM_WARNING_enabled) {
-  CHECK_LOG_STREAM_ENABLED(WARNING);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_LOG_STREAM_ENABLED(WARNING));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_STREAM_INFO_disabled) {
@@ -289,7 +295,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_STREAM_INFO_enabled) {
-  CHECK_LOG_STREAM_ENABLED(INFO);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_LOG_STREAM_ENABLED(INFO));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_STREAM_DEBUG_disabled) {
@@ -297,7 +303,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_STREAM_DEBUG_enabled) {
-  CHECK_LOG_STREAM_ENABLED(DEBUG);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_LOG_STREAM_ENABLED(DEBUG));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_STREAM_VERBOSE_disabled) {
@@ -305,26 +311,27 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_STREAM_VERBOSE_enabled) {
-  CHECK_LOG_STREAM_ENABLED(VERBOSE);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_LOG_STREAM_ENABLED(VERBOSE));
 }
 
 #undef CHECK_LOG_STREAM_DISABLED
 #undef CHECK_LOG_STREAM_ENABLED
 
-
-#define CHECK_LOG_DISABLED(severity) \
-  { \
+#define CHECK_LOG_DISABLED(severity)                             \
+  {                                                              \
     android::base::ScopedLogSeverity sls1(android::base::FATAL); \
-    CapturedStderr cap1; \
-    LOG(severity) << "foo bar"; \
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek(cap1.fd(), 0, SEEK_CUR)); \
-  } \
-  { \
+    CapturedStderr cap1;                                         \
+    LOG(severity) << "foo bar";                                  \
+    cap1.Stop();                                                 \
+    ASSERT_EQ("", cap1.str());                                   \
+  }                                                              \
+  {                                                              \
     android::base::ScopedLogSeverity sls1(android::base::FATAL); \
-    CapturedStderr cap1; \
-    LOG(::android::base::severity) << "foo bar"; \
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek(cap1.fd(), 0, SEEK_CUR)); \
-  } \
+    CapturedStderr cap1;                                         \
+    LOG(::android::base::severity) << "foo bar";                 \
+    cap1.Stop();                                                 \
+    ASSERT_EQ("", cap1.str());                                   \
+  }
 
 #define CHECK_LOG_ENABLED(severity) \
   { \
@@ -350,7 +357,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT_enabled) {
-  CHECK_LOG_ENABLED(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_LOG_ENABLED(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_ERROR_disabled) {
@@ -358,7 +365,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_ERROR_enabled) {
-  CHECK_LOG_ENABLED(ERROR);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_LOG_ENABLED(ERROR));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_WARNING_disabled) {
@@ -366,7 +373,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_WARNING_enabled) {
-  CHECK_LOG_ENABLED(WARNING);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_LOG_ENABLED(WARNING));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_INFO_disabled) {
@@ -374,7 +381,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_INFO_enabled) {
-  CHECK_LOG_ENABLED(INFO);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_LOG_ENABLED(INFO));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_DEBUG_disabled) {
@@ -382,7 +389,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_DEBUG_enabled) {
-  CHECK_LOG_ENABLED(DEBUG);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_LOG_ENABLED(DEBUG));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_VERBOSE_disabled) {
@@ -390,28 +397,28 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_VERBOSE_enabled) {
-  CHECK_LOG_ENABLED(VERBOSE);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_LOG_ENABLED(VERBOSE));
 }
 
 #undef CHECK_LOG_DISABLED
 #undef CHECK_LOG_ENABLED
 
-
 TEST(logging, LOG_complex_param) {
-#define CHECK_LOG_COMBINATION(use_scoped_log_severity_info, use_logging_severity_info)             \
-  {                                                                                                \
-    android::base::ScopedLogSeverity sls(                                                          \
-        (use_scoped_log_severity_info) ? ::android::base::INFO : ::android::base::WARNING);        \
-    CapturedStderr cap;                                                                            \
-    LOG((use_logging_severity_info) ? ::android::base::INFO : ::android::base::WARNING)            \
-        << "foobar";                                                                               \
-    if ((use_scoped_log_severity_info) || !(use_logging_severity_info)) {                          \
-      CheckMessage(cap,                                                                            \
-                   (use_logging_severity_info) ? ::android::base::INFO : ::android::base::WARNING, \
-                   "foobar");                                                                      \
-    } else {                                                                                       \
-      ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek(cap.fd(), 0, SEEK_CUR));                                                  \
-    }                                                                                              \
+#define CHECK_LOG_COMBINATION(use_scoped_log_severity_info, use_logging_severity_info)         \
+  {                                                                                            \
+    android::base::ScopedLogSeverity sls(                                                      \
+        (use_scoped_log_severity_info) ? ::android::base::INFO : ::android::base::WARNING);    \
+    CapturedStderr cap;                                                                        \
+    LOG((use_logging_severity_info) ? ::android::base::INFO : ::android::base::WARNING)        \
+        << "foobar";                                                                           \
+    if ((use_scoped_log_severity_info) || !(use_logging_severity_info)) {                      \
+      ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CheckMessage(                                                    \
+          cap, (use_logging_severity_info) ? ::android::base::INFO : ::android::base::WARNING, \
+          "foobar"));                                                                          \
+    } else {                                                                                   \
+      cap.Stop();                                                                              \
+      ASSERT_EQ("", cap.str());                                                                \
+    }                                                                                          \
   }
 
   CHECK_LOG_COMBINATION(false,false);
@@ -429,7 +436,7 @@
   LOG(INFO) << (errno = 67890);
   EXPECT_EQ(12345, errno) << "errno was not restored";
 
-  CheckMessage(cap, android::base::INFO, "67890");
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CheckMessage(cap, android::base::INFO, "67890"));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, PLOG_does_not_clobber_errno) {
@@ -438,7 +445,7 @@
   PLOG(INFO) << (errno = 67890);
   EXPECT_EQ(12345, errno) << "errno was not restored";
 
-  CheckMessage(cap, android::base::INFO, "67890");
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CheckMessage(cap, android::base::INFO, "67890"));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_does_not_have_dangling_if) {
@@ -464,19 +471,21 @@
   EXPECT_FALSE(flag) << "LOG macro probably has a dangling if with no else";
 }
 
-#define CHECK_PLOG_DISABLED(severity) \
-  { \
+#define CHECK_PLOG_DISABLED(severity)                            \
+  {                                                              \
     android::base::ScopedLogSeverity sls1(android::base::FATAL); \
-    CapturedStderr cap1; \
-    PLOG(severity) << "foo bar"; \
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek(cap1.fd(), 0, SEEK_CUR)); \
-  } \
-  { \
+    CapturedStderr cap1;                                         \
+    PLOG(severity) << "foo bar";                                 \
+    cap1.Stop();                                                 \
+    ASSERT_EQ("", cap1.str());                                   \
+  }                                                              \
+  {                                                              \
     android::base::ScopedLogSeverity sls1(android::base::FATAL); \
-    CapturedStderr cap1; \
-    PLOG(severity) << "foo bar"; \
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek(cap1.fd(), 0, SEEK_CUR)); \
-  } \
+    CapturedStderr cap1;                                         \
+    PLOG(severity) << "foo bar";                                 \
+    cap1.Stop();                                                 \
+    ASSERT_EQ("", cap1.str());                                   \
+  }
 
 #define CHECK_PLOG_ENABLED(severity) \
   { \
@@ -504,7 +513,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, PLOG_FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT_enabled) {
-  CHECK_PLOG_ENABLED(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_PLOG_ENABLED(FATAL_WITHOUT_ABORT));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, PLOG_ERROR_disabled) {
@@ -512,7 +521,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, PLOG_ERROR_enabled) {
-  CHECK_PLOG_ENABLED(ERROR);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_PLOG_ENABLED(ERROR));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, PLOG_WARNING_disabled) {
@@ -520,7 +529,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, PLOG_WARNING_enabled) {
-  CHECK_PLOG_ENABLED(WARNING);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_PLOG_ENABLED(WARNING));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, PLOG_INFO_disabled) {
@@ -528,7 +537,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, PLOG_INFO_enabled) {
-  CHECK_PLOG_ENABLED(INFO);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_PLOG_ENABLED(INFO));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, PLOG_DEBUG_disabled) {
@@ -536,7 +545,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, PLOG_DEBUG_enabled) {
-  CHECK_PLOG_ENABLED(DEBUG);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_PLOG_ENABLED(DEBUG));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, PLOG_VERBOSE_disabled) {
@@ -544,7 +553,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, PLOG_VERBOSE_enabled) {
-  CHECK_PLOG_ENABLED(VERBOSE);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CHECK_PLOG_ENABLED(VERBOSE));
 }
 
 #undef CHECK_PLOG_DISABLED
@@ -557,7 +566,7 @@
   CapturedStderr cap;
   errno = ENOENT;
   UNIMPLEMENTED(ERROR);
-  CheckMessage(cap, android::base::ERROR, expected.c_str());
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CheckMessage(cap, android::base::ERROR, expected.c_str()));
 }
 
 static void NoopAborter(const char* msg ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED) {
@@ -565,17 +574,19 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logging, LOG_FATAL_NOOP_ABORTER) {
+  CapturedStderr cap;
   {
     android::base::SetAborter(NoopAborter);
 
     android::base::ScopedLogSeverity sls(android::base::ERROR);
-    CapturedStderr cap;
     LOG(FATAL) << "foobar";
-    CheckMessage(cap, android::base::FATAL, "foobar");
-    CheckMessage(cap, android::base::ERROR, "called noop");
+    cap.Stop();
 
     android::base::SetAborter(android::base::DefaultAborter);
   }
+  std::string output = cap.str();
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CheckMessage(output, android::base::FATAL, "foobar"));
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CheckMessage(output, android::base::ERROR, "called noop"));
 
   ASSERT_DEATH({SuppressAbortUI(); LOG(FATAL) << "foobar";}, "foobar");
 }
@@ -619,25 +630,21 @@
     LOG(INFO) << expected_msg;
     android::base::SetDefaultTag(old_default_tag);
   }
-  CheckMessage(cap, android::base::LogSeverity::INFO, expected_msg, expected_tag);
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(
+      CheckMessage(cap, android::base::LogSeverity::INFO, expected_msg, expected_tag));
 }
 
 TEST(logging, StdioLogger) {
-  std::string err_str;
-  std::string out_str;
-  {
-    CapturedStderr cap_err;
-    CapturedStdout cap_out;
-    android::base::SetLogger(android::base::StdioLogger);
-    LOG(INFO) << "out";
-    LOG(ERROR) << "err";
-    err_str = cap_err.str();
-    out_str = cap_out.str();
-  }
+  CapturedStderr cap_err;
+  CapturedStdout cap_out;
+  android::base::SetLogger(android::base::StdioLogger);
+  LOG(INFO) << "out";
+  LOG(ERROR) << "err";
+  cap_err.Stop();
+  cap_out.Stop();
 
   // For INFO we expect just the literal "out\n".
-  ASSERT_EQ("out\n", out_str) << out_str;
+  ASSERT_EQ("out\n", cap_out.str());
   // Whereas ERROR logging includes the program name.
-  ASSERT_EQ(android::base::Basename(android::base::GetExecutablePath()) + ": err\n", err_str)
-      << err_str;
+  ASSERT_EQ(android::base::Basename(android::base::GetExecutablePath()) + ": err\n", cap_err.str());
 }
diff --git a/base/mapped_file.cpp b/base/mapped_file.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7901af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/base/mapped_file.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "android-base/mapped_file.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace base {
+
+static off64_t InitPageSize() {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  SYSTEM_INFO si;
+  GetSystemInfo(&si);
+  return si.dwAllocationGranularity;
+#else
+  return sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
+#endif
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<MappedFile> MappedFile::FromFd(int fd, off64_t offset, size_t length, int prot) {
+  static off64_t page_size = InitPageSize();
+  size_t slop = offset % page_size;
+  off64_t file_offset = offset - slop;
+  off64_t file_length = length + slop;
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  HANDLE handle =
+      CreateFileMapping(reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(_get_osfhandle(fd)), nullptr,
+                        (prot & PROT_WRITE) ? PAGE_READWRITE : PAGE_READONLY, 0, 0, nullptr);
+  if (handle == nullptr) return nullptr;
+  void* base = MapViewOfFile(handle, (prot & PROT_WRITE) ? FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS : FILE_MAP_READ, 0,
+                             file_offset, file_length);
+  if (base == nullptr) {
+    CloseHandle(handle);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return std::unique_ptr<MappedFile>(
+      new MappedFile{static_cast<char*>(base), length, slop, handle});
+#else
+  void* base = mmap(nullptr, file_length, prot, MAP_SHARED, fd, file_offset);
+  if (base == MAP_FAILED) return nullptr;
+  return std::unique_ptr<MappedFile>(new MappedFile{static_cast<char*>(base), length, slop});
+#endif
+}
+
+MappedFile::~MappedFile() {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+  if (base_ != nullptr) UnmapViewOfFile(base_);
+  if (handle_ != nullptr) CloseHandle(handle_);
+#else
+  if (base_ != nullptr) munmap(base_, size_);
+#endif
+
+  base_ = nullptr;
+  offset_ = size_ = 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace base
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/base/mapped_file_test.cpp b/base/mapped_file_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e89723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/base/mapped_file_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "android-base/mapped_file.h"
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "android-base/file.h"
+#include "android-base/unique_fd.h"
+
+TEST(mapped_file, smoke) {
+  TemporaryFile tf;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFd("hello world", tf.fd));
+
+  auto m = android::base::MappedFile::FromFd(tf.fd, 3, 2, PROT_READ);
+  ASSERT_EQ(2u, m->size());
+  ASSERT_EQ('l', m->data()[0]);
+  ASSERT_EQ('o', m->data()[1]);
+}
diff --git a/base/strings.cpp b/base/strings.cpp
index a8bb2a9..2d6eef0 100644
--- a/base/strings.cpp
+++ b/base/strings.cpp
@@ -95,6 +95,10 @@
   return strncmp(s.c_str(), prefix.c_str(), prefix.size()) == 0;
 }
 
+bool StartsWith(const std::string& s, char prefix) {
+  return *s.c_str() == prefix;  // Use c_str() to guarantee there is at least a '\0'.
+}
+
 bool StartsWithIgnoreCase(const std::string& s, const char* prefix) {
   return strncasecmp(s.c_str(), prefix, strlen(prefix)) == 0;
 }
@@ -121,6 +125,10 @@
   return EndsWith(s, suffix.c_str(), suffix.size(), true);
 }
 
+bool EndsWith(const std::string& s, char suffix) {
+  return EndsWith(s, &suffix, 1, true);
+}
+
 bool EndsWithIgnoreCase(const std::string& s, const char* suffix) {
   return EndsWith(s, suffix, strlen(suffix), false);
 }
diff --git a/base/strings_test.cpp b/base/strings_test.cpp
index b8639ea..9d74094 100644
--- a/base/strings_test.cpp
+++ b/base/strings_test.cpp
@@ -198,6 +198,12 @@
   ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::StartsWithIgnoreCase("foobar", "BAR"));
 }
 
+TEST(strings, StartsWith_char) {
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::StartsWith("", 'f'));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::StartsWith("foo", 'f'));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::StartsWith("foo", 'o'));
+}
+
 TEST(strings, EndsWith_empty) {
   ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::EndsWith("", "foo"));
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWith("", ""));
@@ -273,6 +279,12 @@
   ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::EndsWithIgnoreCase("GoOdByE", std::string{"lo"}));
 }
 
+TEST(strings, EndsWith_char) {
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::EndsWith("", 'o'));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EndsWith("foo", 'o'));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::EndsWith("foo", "f"));
+}
+
 TEST(strings, EqualsIgnoreCase) {
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EqualsIgnoreCase("foo", "FOO"));
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::EqualsIgnoreCase("FOO", "foo"));
diff --git a/base/test_utils.cpp b/base/test_utils.cpp
index 5096369..36b4cdf 100644
--- a/base/test_utils.cpp
+++ b/base/test_utils.cpp
@@ -22,115 +22,19 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-#include <windows.h>
-#include <direct.h>
-#define OS_PATH_SEPARATOR '\\'
-#else
-#define OS_PATH_SEPARATOR '/'
-#endif
-
 #include <string>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 
-#ifdef _WIN32
-int mkstemp(char* template_name) {
-  if (_mktemp(template_name) == nullptr) {
-    return -1;
-  }
-  // Use open() to match the close() that TemporaryFile's destructor does.
-  // Use O_BINARY to match base file APIs.
-  return open(template_name, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_RDWR | O_BINARY,
-              S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
-}
-
-char* mkdtemp(char* template_name) {
-  if (_mktemp(template_name) == nullptr) {
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-  if (_mkdir(template_name) == -1) {
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-  return template_name;
-}
-#endif
-
-static std::string GetSystemTempDir() {
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-  const char* tmpdir = "/data/local/tmp";
-  if (access(tmpdir, R_OK | W_OK | X_OK) == 0) {
-    return tmpdir;
-  }
-  // Tests running in app context can't access /data/local/tmp,
-  // so try current directory if /data/local/tmp is not accessible.
-  return ".";
-#elif defined(_WIN32)
-  char tmp_dir[MAX_PATH];
-  DWORD result = GetTempPathA(sizeof(tmp_dir), tmp_dir);
-  CHECK_NE(result, 0ul) << "GetTempPathA failed, error: " << GetLastError();
-  CHECK_LT(result, sizeof(tmp_dir)) << "path truncated to: " << result;
-
-  // GetTempPath() returns a path with a trailing slash, but init()
-  // does not expect that, so remove it.
-  CHECK_EQ(tmp_dir[result - 1], '\\');
-  tmp_dir[result - 1] = '\0';
-  return tmp_dir;
-#else
-  return "/tmp";
-#endif
-}
-
-TemporaryFile::TemporaryFile() {
-  init(GetSystemTempDir());
-}
-
-TemporaryFile::TemporaryFile(const std::string& tmp_dir) {
-  init(tmp_dir);
-}
-
-TemporaryFile::~TemporaryFile() {
-  if (fd != -1) {
-    close(fd);
-  }
-  if (remove_file_) {
-    unlink(path);
-  }
-}
-
-int TemporaryFile::release() {
-  int result = fd;
-  fd = -1;
-  return result;
-}
-
-void TemporaryFile::init(const std::string& tmp_dir) {
-  snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s%cTemporaryFile-XXXXXX", tmp_dir.c_str(),
-           OS_PATH_SEPARATOR);
-  fd = mkstemp(path);
-}
-
-TemporaryDir::TemporaryDir() {
-  init(GetSystemTempDir());
-}
-
-TemporaryDir::~TemporaryDir() {
-  rmdir(path);
-}
-
-bool TemporaryDir::init(const std::string& tmp_dir) {
-  snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s%cTemporaryDir-XXXXXX", tmp_dir.c_str(),
-           OS_PATH_SEPARATOR);
-  return (mkdtemp(path) != nullptr);
-}
-
 CapturedStdFd::CapturedStdFd(int std_fd) : std_fd_(std_fd), old_fd_(-1) {
-  Init();
+  Start();
 }
 
 CapturedStdFd::~CapturedStdFd() {
-  Reset();
+  if (old_fd_ != -1) {
+    Stop();
+  }
 }
 
 int CapturedStdFd::fd() const {
@@ -144,19 +48,28 @@
   return result;
 }
 
-void CapturedStdFd::Init() {
+void CapturedStdFd::Reset() {
+  // Do not reset while capturing.
+  CHECK_EQ(-1, old_fd_);
+  CHECK_EQ(0, TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(lseek(fd(), 0, SEEK_SET)));
+  CHECK_EQ(0, ftruncate(fd(), 0));
+}
+
+void CapturedStdFd::Start() {
 #if defined(_WIN32)
   // On Windows, stderr is often buffered, so make sure it is unbuffered so
   // that we can immediately read back what was written to stderr.
-  if (std_fd_ == STDERR_FILENO) CHECK_EQ(0, setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0));
+  if (std_fd_ == STDERR_FILENO) CHECK_EQ(0, setvbuf(stderr, nullptr, _IONBF, 0));
 #endif
   old_fd_ = dup(std_fd_);
   CHECK_NE(-1, old_fd_);
   CHECK_NE(-1, dup2(fd(), std_fd_));
 }
 
-void CapturedStdFd::Reset() {
+void CapturedStdFd::Stop() {
+  CHECK_NE(-1, old_fd_);
   CHECK_NE(-1, dup2(old_fd_, std_fd_));
-  CHECK_EQ(0, close(old_fd_));
+  close(old_fd_);
+  old_fd_ = -1;
   // Note: cannot restore prior setvbuf() setting.
 }
diff --git a/base/test_utils_test.cpp b/base/test_utils_test.cpp
index 597271a..15a79dd 100644
--- a/base/test_utils_test.cpp
+++ b/base/test_utils_test.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <stdio.h>
+
 #include "android-base/test_utils.h"
 
 #include <gtest/gtest-spi.h>
@@ -42,5 +44,43 @@
   EXPECT_NONFATAL_FAILURE(EXPECT_NOT_MATCH("foobar", R"(foobar)"), "regex mismatch");
 }
 
+TEST(TestUtilsTest, CaptureStdout_smoke) {
+  CapturedStdout cap;
+  printf("This should be captured.\n");
+  cap.Stop();
+  printf("This will not be captured.\n");
+  ASSERT_EQ("This should be captured.\n", cap.str());
+
+  cap.Start();
+  printf("And this text should be captured too.\n");
+  cap.Stop();
+  ASSERT_EQ("This should be captured.\nAnd this text should be captured too.\n", cap.str());
+
+  printf("Still not going to be captured.\n");
+  cap.Reset();
+  cap.Start();
+  printf("Only this will be captured.\n");
+  ASSERT_EQ("Only this will be captured.\n", cap.str());
+}
+
+TEST(TestUtilsTest, CaptureStderr_smoke) {
+  CapturedStderr cap;
+  fprintf(stderr, "This should be captured.\n");
+  cap.Stop();
+  fprintf(stderr, "This will not be captured.\n");
+  ASSERT_EQ("This should be captured.\n", cap.str());
+
+  cap.Start();
+  fprintf(stderr, "And this text should be captured too.\n");
+  cap.Stop();
+  ASSERT_EQ("This should be captured.\nAnd this text should be captured too.\n", cap.str());
+
+  fprintf(stderr, "Still not going to be captured.\n");
+  cap.Reset();
+  cap.Start();
+  fprintf(stderr, "Only this will be captured.\n");
+  ASSERT_EQ("Only this will be captured.\n", cap.str());
+}
+
 }  // namespace base
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/base/utf8_test.cpp b/base/utf8_test.cpp
index fcb25c3..472e82c 100644
--- a/base/utf8_test.cpp
+++ b/base/utf8_test.cpp
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 
+#include "android-base/file.h"
 #include "android-base/macros.h"
-#include "android-base/test_utils.h"
 #include "android-base/unique_fd.h"
 
 namespace android {
diff --git a/bootstat/boot_event_record_store_test.cpp b/bootstat/boot_event_record_store_test.cpp
index 4b7ab36..5ca9b09 100644
--- a/bootstat/boot_event_record_store_test.cpp
+++ b/bootstat/boot_event_record_store_test.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 #include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
diff --git a/bootstat/bootstat.cpp b/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
index c17e00f..6700b6c 100644
--- a/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
+++ b/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@
     {"reboot,rescueparty", 90},
     {"charge", 91},
     {"oem_tz_crash", 92},
-    {"uvlo", 93},
+    {"uvlo", 93},  // aliasReasons converts to reboot,undervoltage
     {"oem_ps_hold", 94},
     {"abnormal_reset", 95},
     {"oemerr_unknown", 96},
@@ -248,9 +248,9 @@
     {"watchdog_nonsec", 102},
     {"watchdog_apps_bark", 103},
     {"reboot_dmverity_corrupted", 104},
-    {"reboot_smpl", 105},
+    {"reboot_smpl", 105},  // aliasReasons converts to reboot,powerloss
     {"watchdog_sdi_apps_reset", 106},
-    {"smpl", 107},
+    {"smpl", 107},  // aliasReasons converts to reboot,powerloss
     {"oem_modem_failed_to_powerup", 108},
     {"reboot_normal", 109},
     {"oem_lpass_cfg", 110},
@@ -262,8 +262,8 @@
     {"oem_rpm_undef_error", 116},
     {"oem_crash_on_the_lk", 117},
     {"oem_rpm_reset", 118},
-    {"REUSE1", 119},  // Former dupe, can be re-used
-    {"REUSE2", 120},  // Former dupe, can be re-used
+    {"reboot,powerloss", 119},
+    {"reboot,undervoltage", 120},
     {"factory_cable", 121},
     {"oem_ar6320_failed_to_powerup", 122},
     {"watchdog_rpm_bite", 123},
@@ -840,6 +840,8 @@
         {"reboot,tool", "tool_by_pass_pwk"},
         {"!reboot,longkey", "reboot_longkey"},
         {"!reboot,longkey", "kpdpwr"},
+        {"!reboot,undervoltage", "uvlo"},
+        {"!reboot,powerloss", "smpl"},
         {"bootloader", ""},
     };
 
diff --git a/cpio/Android.bp b/cpio/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..baa0319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cpio/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Copyright 2005 The Android Open Source Project
+
+cc_binary_host {
+    name: "mkbootfs",
+    srcs: ["mkbootfs.c"],
+    cflags: ["-Werror"],
+    shared_libs: ["libcutils"],
+    dist: {
+        targets: ["dist_files"],
+    },
+}
diff --git a/cpio/Android.mk b/cpio/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 2aa7297..0000000
--- a/cpio/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2005 The Android Open Source Project
-
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-	mkbootfs.c
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := mkbootfs
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Werror
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libcutils
-
-include $(BUILD_HOST_EXECUTABLE)
-
-$(call dist-for-goals,dist_files,$(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE))
diff --git a/debuggerd/Android.bp b/debuggerd/Android.bp
index 03b3287..10f52f4 100644
--- a/debuggerd/Android.bp
+++ b/debuggerd/Android.bp
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
         "-Wno-nullability-completeness",
         "-Os",
     ],
-    cpp_std: "gnu++17",
 
     local_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }
@@ -117,14 +116,21 @@
         "libdebuggerd",
         "libbacktrace",
         "libunwindstack",
-        "libdexfile",
+        "libdexfile",  // libunwindstack dependency
+        "libdexfile_external",  // libunwindstack dependency
+        "libdexfile_support",  // libunwindstack dependency
         "liblzma",
         "libcutils",
     ],
     target: {
         recovery: {
             cflags: ["-DNO_LIBDEXFILE_SUPPORT"],
-            exclude_static_libs: ["libdexfile"],
+            exclude_static_libs: [
+                "libartbase",
+                "libdexfile",
+                "libdexfile_external",
+                "libdexfile_support",
+            ],
         },
     },
 
@@ -144,6 +150,7 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "libcutils",
+        "libprocinfo",
     ],
 
     export_header_lib_headers: ["libdebuggerd_common_headers"],
@@ -171,12 +178,22 @@
 
     static_libs: [
         "libbacktrace",
+        "libdexfile_external",  // libunwindstack dependency
+        "libdexfile_support",  // libunwindstack dependency
         "libunwindstack",
         "liblzma",
         "libbase",
         "libcutils",
         "liblog",
     ],
+    target: {
+        recovery: {
+            exclude_static_libs: [
+                "libdexfile_external",
+                "libdexfile_support",
+            ],
+        },
+    },
 }
 
 cc_test {
@@ -217,6 +234,8 @@
 
     static_libs: [
         "libdebuggerd",
+        "libdexfile_external",  // libunwindstack dependency
+        "libdexfile_support",  // libunwindstack dependency
         "libunwindstack",
     ],
 
diff --git a/debuggerd/client/debuggerd_client.cpp b/debuggerd/client/debuggerd_client.cpp
index cb7cbbe..610b96b 100644
--- a/debuggerd/client/debuggerd_client.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/client/debuggerd_client.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <cutils/sockets.h>
+#include <procinfo/process.h>
 
 #include "debuggerd/handler.h"
 #include "protocol.h"
@@ -62,8 +63,20 @@
   tv->tv_usec = static_cast<long>(microseconds.count());
 }
 
-bool debuggerd_trigger_dump(pid_t pid, DebuggerdDumpType dump_type, unsigned int timeout_ms,
+bool debuggerd_trigger_dump(pid_t tid, DebuggerdDumpType dump_type, unsigned int timeout_ms,
                             unique_fd output_fd) {
+  pid_t pid = tid;
+  if (dump_type == kDebuggerdJavaBacktrace) {
+    // Java dumps always get sent to the tgid, so we need to resolve our tid to a tgid.
+    android::procinfo::ProcessInfo procinfo;
+    std::string error;
+    if (!android::procinfo::GetProcessInfo(tid, &procinfo, &error)) {
+      LOG(ERROR) << "libdebugged_client: failed to get process info: " << error;
+      return false;
+    }
+    pid = procinfo.pid;
+  }
+
   LOG(INFO) << "libdebuggerd_client: started dumping process " << pid;
   unique_fd sockfd;
   const auto end = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + std::chrono::milliseconds(timeout_ms);
@@ -143,12 +156,16 @@
   ssize_t rc =
       TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(recv(set_timeout(sockfd.get()), &response, sizeof(response), MSG_TRUNC));
   if (rc == 0) {
-    LOG(ERROR) << "libdebuggerd_client: failed to read response from tombstoned: timeout reached?";
+    LOG(ERROR) << "libdebuggerd_client: failed to read initial response from tombstoned: "
+               << "timeout reached?";
+    return false;
+  } else if (rc == -1) {
+    PLOG(ERROR) << "libdebuggerd_client: failed to read initial response from tombstoned";
     return false;
   } else if (rc != sizeof(response)) {
-    LOG(ERROR)
-        << "libdebuggerd_client: received packet of unexpected length from tombstoned: expected "
-        << sizeof(response) << ", received " << rc;
+    LOG(ERROR) << "libdebuggerd_client: received packet of unexpected length from tombstoned while "
+                  "reading initial response: expected "
+               << sizeof(response) << ", received " << rc;
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -158,18 +175,22 @@
     return false;
   }
 
-  if (!send_signal(pid, dump_type)) {
+  if (!send_signal(tid, dump_type)) {
     return false;
   }
 
   rc = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(recv(set_timeout(sockfd.get()), &response, sizeof(response), MSG_TRUNC));
   if (rc == 0) {
-    LOG(ERROR) << "libdebuggerd_client: failed to read response from tombstoned: timeout reached?";
+    LOG(ERROR) << "libdebuggerd_client: failed to read status response from tombstoned: "
+                  "timeout reached?";
+    return false;
+  } else if (rc == -1) {
+    PLOG(ERROR) << "libdebuggerd_client: failed to read status response from tombstoned";
     return false;
   } else if (rc != sizeof(response)) {
-    LOG(ERROR)
-      << "libdebuggerd_client: received packet of unexpected length from tombstoned: expected "
-      << sizeof(response) << ", received " << rc;
+    LOG(ERROR) << "libdebuggerd_client: received packet of unexpected length from tombstoned while "
+                  "reading confirmation response: expected "
+               << sizeof(response) << ", received " << rc;
     return false;
   }
 
diff --git a/debuggerd/crash_dump.cpp b/debuggerd/crash_dump.cpp
index 93f7572..d79d20b 100644
--- a/debuggerd/crash_dump.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/crash_dump.cpp
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
@@ -282,6 +283,7 @@
   switch (crash_info->header.version) {
     case 2:
       *fdsan_table_address = crash_info->data.v2.fdsan_table_address;
+      FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
     case 1:
       *abort_msg_address = crash_info->data.v1.abort_msg_address;
       *siginfo = crash_info->data.v1.siginfo;
@@ -346,8 +348,16 @@
   return vm_pid;
 }
 
+static void InstallSigPipeHandler() {
+  struct sigaction action = {};
+  action.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
+  action.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
+  sigaction(SIGPIPE, &action, nullptr);
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
   DefuseSignalHandlers();
+  InstallSigPipeHandler();
 
   atrace_begin(ATRACE_TAG, "before reparent");
   pid_t target_process = getppid();
diff --git a/debuggerd/crasher/crasher.cpp b/debuggerd/crasher/crasher.cpp
index f0fe1d0..f0bdfbf 100644
--- a/debuggerd/crasher/crasher.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/crasher/crasher.cpp
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@
     // Prefixes.
     if (!strncmp(arg, "wait-", strlen("wait-"))) {
       char buf[1];
-      TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(STDIN_FILENO, buf, sizeof(buf)));
+      UNUSED(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(STDIN_FILENO, buf, sizeof(buf))));
       return do_action(arg + strlen("wait-"));
     } else if (!strncmp(arg, "exhaustfd-", strlen("exhaustfd-"))) {
       errno = 0;
@@ -258,10 +258,14 @@
       __assert("some_file.c", 123, "false");
     } else if (!strcasecmp(arg, "assert2")) {
       __assert2("some_file.c", 123, "some_function", "false");
+#if !defined(__clang_analyzer__)
     } else if (!strcasecmp(arg, "fortify")) {
+      // FORTIFY is disabled when running clang-tidy and other tools, so this
+      // shouldn't depend on internal implementation details of it.
       char buf[10];
       __read_chk(-1, buf, 32, 10);
       while (true) pause();
+#endif
     } else if (!strcasecmp(arg, "fdsan_file")) {
       FILE* f = fopen("/dev/null", "r");
       close(fileno(f));
diff --git a/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp b/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp
index e2ea480..bea8b43 100644
--- a/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
@@ -587,9 +588,28 @@
     "/system/etc/seccomp_policy/crash_dump." ABI_STRING ".policy";
 
 static pid_t seccomp_fork_impl(void (*prejail)()) {
-  unique_fd policy_fd(open(kDebuggerdSeccompPolicy, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
-  if (policy_fd == -1) {
-    LOG(FATAL) << "failed to open policy " << kDebuggerdSeccompPolicy;
+  std::string policy;
+  if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(kDebuggerdSeccompPolicy, &policy)) {
+    PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to read policy file";
+  }
+
+  // Allow a bunch of syscalls used by the tests.
+  policy += "\nclone: 1";
+  policy += "\nsigaltstack: 1";
+  policy += "\nnanosleep: 1";
+
+  FILE* tmp_file = tmpfile();
+  if (!tmp_file) {
+    PLOG(FATAL) << "tmpfile failed";
+  }
+
+  unique_fd tmp_fd(dup(fileno(tmp_file)));
+  if (!android::base::WriteStringToFd(policy, tmp_fd.get())) {
+    PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to write policy to tmpfile";
+  }
+
+  if (lseek(tmp_fd.get(), 0, SEEK_SET) != 0) {
+    PLOG(FATAL) << "failed to seek tmp_fd";
   }
 
   ScopedMinijail jail{minijail_new()};
@@ -600,7 +620,7 @@
   minijail_no_new_privs(jail.get());
   minijail_log_seccomp_filter_failures(jail.get());
   minijail_use_seccomp_filter(jail.get());
-  minijail_parse_seccomp_filters_from_fd(jail.get(), policy_fd.release());
+  minijail_parse_seccomp_filters_from_fd(jail.get(), tmp_fd.release());
 
   pid_t result = fork();
   if (result == -1) {
@@ -735,6 +755,16 @@
   ASSERT_BACKTRACE_FRAME(result, "raise_debugger_signal");
 }
 
+extern "C" void foo() {
+  LOG(INFO) << "foo";
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(1s);
+}
+
+extern "C" void bar() {
+  LOG(INFO) << "bar";
+  std::this_thread::sleep_for(1s);
+}
+
 TEST_F(CrasherTest, seccomp_backtrace) {
   int intercept_result;
   unique_fd output_fd;
@@ -742,6 +772,11 @@
   static const auto dump_type = kDebuggerdNativeBacktrace;
   StartProcess(
       []() {
+        std::thread a(foo);
+        std::thread b(bar);
+
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
+
         raise_debugger_signal(dump_type);
         _exit(0);
       },
@@ -756,6 +791,8 @@
   std::string result;
   ConsumeFd(std::move(output_fd), &result);
   ASSERT_BACKTRACE_FRAME(result, "raise_debugger_signal");
+  ASSERT_BACKTRACE_FRAME(result, "foo");
+  ASSERT_BACKTRACE_FRAME(result, "bar");
 }
 
 TEST_F(CrasherTest, seccomp_crash_logcat) {
@@ -1017,3 +1054,42 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFully(output_fd.get(), outbuf, sizeof(outbuf)));
   ASSERT_STREQ("any", outbuf);
 }
+
+TEST(tombstoned, interceptless_backtrace) {
+  // Generate 50 backtraces, and then check to see that we haven't created 50 new tombstones.
+  auto get_tombstone_timestamps = []() -> std::map<int, time_t> {
+    std::map<int, time_t> result;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 99; ++i) {
+      std::string path = android::base::StringPrintf("/data/tombstones/tombstone_%02d", i);
+      struct stat st;
+      if (stat(path.c_str(), &st) == 0) {
+        result[i] = st.st_mtim.tv_sec;
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  auto before = get_tombstone_timestamps();
+  for (int i = 0; i < 50; ++i) {
+    raise_debugger_signal(kDebuggerdNativeBacktrace);
+  }
+  auto after = get_tombstone_timestamps();
+
+  int diff = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 99; ++i) {
+    if (after.count(i) == 0) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (before.count(i) == 0) {
+      ++diff;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (before[i] != after[i]) {
+      ++diff;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // We can't be sure that nothing's crash looping in the background.
+  // This should be good enough, though...
+  ASSERT_LT(diff, 10) << "too many new tombstones; is something crashing in the background?";
+}
diff --git a/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_fallback.cpp b/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_fallback.cpp
index 079a574..15c0265 100644
--- a/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_fallback.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_fallback.cpp
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 #include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
 
 #include "debuggerd/handler.h"
+#include "handler/fallback.h"
 #include "tombstoned/tombstoned.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@
 static void trace_handler(siginfo_t* info, ucontext_t* ucontext) {
   static std::atomic<uint64_t> trace_output(pack_thread_fd(-1, -1));
 
-  if (info->si_value.sival_int == ~0) {
+  if (info->si_value.sival_ptr == kDebuggerdFallbackSivalPtrRequestDump) {
     // Asked to dump by the original signal recipient.
     uint64_t val = trace_output.load();
     auto [tid, fd] = unpack_thread_fd(val);
@@ -249,17 +250,18 @@
         }
 
         uint64_t expected = pack_thread_fd(-1, -1);
-        if (!trace_output.compare_exchange_strong(expected,
-                                                  pack_thread_fd(tid, pipe_write.release()))) {
+        int sent_fd = pipe_write.release();
+        if (!trace_output.compare_exchange_strong(expected, pack_thread_fd(tid, sent_fd))) {
           auto [tid, fd] = unpack_thread_fd(expected);
           async_safe_format_log(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, "libc",
                                 "thread %d is already outputting to fd %d?", tid, fd);
+          close(sent_fd);
           return false;
         }
 
         siginfo_t siginfo = {};
         siginfo.si_code = SI_QUEUE;
-        siginfo.si_value.sival_int = ~0;
+        siginfo.si_value.sival_ptr = kDebuggerdFallbackSivalPtrRequestDump;
         siginfo.si_pid = getpid();
         siginfo.si_uid = getuid();
 
@@ -331,7 +333,7 @@
 
 extern "C" void debuggerd_fallback_handler(siginfo_t* info, ucontext_t* ucontext,
                                            void* abort_message) {
-  if (info->si_signo == DEBUGGER_SIGNAL && info->si_value.sival_int != 0) {
+  if (info->si_signo == DEBUGGER_SIGNAL && info->si_value.sival_ptr != nullptr) {
     return trace_handler(info, ucontext);
   } else {
     return crash_handler(info, ucontext, abort_message);
diff --git a/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_handler.cpp b/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_handler.cpp
index 15557b6..a064ca0 100644
--- a/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_handler.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_handler.cpp
@@ -58,6 +58,8 @@
 #include "dump_type.h"
 #include "protocol.h"
 
+#include "handler/fallback.h"
+
 using android::base::Pipe;
 
 // We muck with our fds in a 'thread' that doesn't share the same fd table.
@@ -473,13 +475,15 @@
   }
 
   void* abort_message = nullptr;
+  uintptr_t si_val = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(info->si_ptr);
   if (signal_number == DEBUGGER_SIGNAL) {
     if (info->si_code == SI_QUEUE && info->si_pid == __getpid()) {
       // Allow for the abort message to be explicitly specified via the sigqueue value.
       // Keep the bottom bit intact for representing whether we want a backtrace or a tombstone.
-      uintptr_t value = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(info->si_ptr);
-      abort_message = reinterpret_cast<void*>(value & ~1);
-      info->si_ptr = reinterpret_cast<void*>(value & 1);
+      if (si_val != kDebuggerdFallbackSivalUintptrRequestDump) {
+        abort_message = reinterpret_cast<void*>(si_val & ~1);
+        info->si_ptr = reinterpret_cast<void*>(si_val & 1);
+      }
     }
   } else {
     if (g_callbacks.get_abort_message) {
@@ -492,7 +496,8 @@
   // of a specific thread. It is possible that the prctl call might return 1,
   // then return 0 in subsequent calls, so check the sival_int to determine if
   // the fallback handler should be called first.
-  if (info->si_value.sival_int == ~0 || prctl(PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 0, 0, 0, 0) == 1) {
+  if (si_val == kDebuggerdFallbackSivalUintptrRequestDump ||
+      prctl(PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 0, 0, 0, 0) == 1) {
     // This check might be racy if another thread sets NO_NEW_PRIVS, but this should be unlikely,
     // you can only set NO_NEW_PRIVS to 1, and the effect should be at worst a single missing
     // ANR trace.
diff --git a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h b/debuggerd/handler/fallback.h
similarity index 63%
copy from libbacktrace/GetPss.h
copy to debuggerd/handler/fallback.h
index 787c33d..597f582 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h
+++ b/debuggerd/handler/fallback.h
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright 2018 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
-#define _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+#pragma once
 
-size_t GetPssBytes();
+#include <stdint.h>
 
-#endif // _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+static void* const kDebuggerdFallbackSivalPtrRequestDump = reinterpret_cast<void*>(~0UL);
+static const uintptr_t kDebuggerdFallbackSivalUintptrRequestDump = ~0UL;
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/open_files_list_test.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/open_files_list_test.cpp
index d7036fd..3e920eb 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/open_files_list_test.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/open_files_list_test.cpp
@@ -20,10 +20,9 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "android-base/test_utils.h"
-
 #include "libdebuggerd/open_files_list.h"
 
 // Check that we can produce a list of open files for the current process, and
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp
index 421ce43..d24c887 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
@@ -494,3 +495,10 @@
   expected += android::base::StringPrintf("ABI: '%s'\n", ABI_STRING);
   ASSERT_STREQ(expected.c_str(), amfd_data_.c_str());
 }
+
+TEST_F(TombstoneTest, dump_timestamp) {
+  setenv("TZ", "UTC", 1);
+  tzset();
+  dump_timestamp(&log_, 0);
+  ASSERT_STREQ("Timestamp: 1970-01-01 00:00:00+0000\n", amfd_data_.c_str());
+}
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp
index 0b8a936..b20014f 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/tombstone.cpp
@@ -78,7 +78,16 @@
   _LOG(log, logtype::HEADER, "ABI: '%s'\n", ABI_STRING);
 }
 
-static void dump_probable_cause(log_t* log, const siginfo_t* si) {
+static void dump_timestamp(log_t* log, time_t time) {
+  struct tm tm;
+  localtime_r(&time, &tm);
+
+  char buf[strlen("1970-01-01 00:00:00+0830") + 1];
+  strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "%F %T%z", &tm);
+  _LOG(log, logtype::HEADER, "Timestamp: %s\n", buf);
+}
+
+static void dump_probable_cause(log_t* log, const siginfo_t* si, BacktraceMap* map) {
   std::string cause;
   if (si->si_signo == SIGSEGV && si->si_code == SEGV_MAPERR) {
     if (si->si_addr < reinterpret_cast<void*>(4096)) {
@@ -94,6 +103,14 @@
     } else if (si->si_addr == reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xffff0f60)) {
       cause = "call to kuser_cmpxchg64";
     }
+  } else if (si->si_signo == SIGSEGV && si->si_code == SEGV_ACCERR) {
+    for (auto it = map->begin(); it != map->end(); ++it) {
+      const backtrace_map_t* entry = *it;
+      if (si->si_addr >= reinterpret_cast<void*>(entry->start) &&
+          si->si_addr < reinterpret_cast<void*>(entry->end) && entry->flags == PROT_EXEC) {
+        cause = "execute-only (no-read) memory access error; likely due to data in .text.";
+      }
+    }
   } else if (si->si_signo == SIGSYS && si->si_code == SYS_SECCOMP) {
     cause = StringPrintf("seccomp prevented call to disallowed %s system call %d", ABI_STRING,
                          si->si_syscall);
@@ -125,8 +142,6 @@
   _LOG(log, logtype::HEADER, "signal %d (%s), code %d (%s%s), fault addr %s\n",
        thread_info.siginfo->si_signo, get_signame(thread_info.siginfo),
        thread_info.siginfo->si_code, get_sigcode(thread_info.siginfo), sender_desc, addr_desc);
-
-  dump_probable_cause(log, thread_info.siginfo);
 }
 
 static void dump_thread_info(log_t* log, const ThreadInfo& thread_info) {
@@ -426,6 +441,7 @@
 
   if (thread_info.siginfo) {
     dump_signal_info(log, thread_info, process_memory);
+    dump_probable_cause(log, thread_info.siginfo, map);
   }
 
   if (primary_thread) {
@@ -647,6 +663,7 @@
 
   _LOG(&log, logtype::HEADER, "*** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***\n");
   dump_header_info(&log);
+  dump_timestamp(&log, time(nullptr));
 
   auto it = threads.find(target_thread);
   if (it == threads.end()) {
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/utility.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/utility.cpp
index 8bdc02f..d0c5234 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/utility.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/utility.cpp
@@ -382,6 +382,8 @@
         case TRAP_TRACE: return "TRAP_TRACE";
         case TRAP_BRANCH: return "TRAP_BRANCH";
         case TRAP_HWBKPT: return "TRAP_HWBKPT";
+        case TRAP_UNK:
+          return "TRAP_UNDIAGNOSED";
       }
       if ((si->si_code & 0xff) == SIGTRAP) {
         switch ((si->si_code >> 8) & 0xff) {
@@ -403,7 +405,7 @@
             return "PTRACE_EVENT_STOP";
         }
       }
-      static_assert(NSIGTRAP == TRAP_HWBKPT, "missing TRAP_* si_code");
+      static_assert(NSIGTRAP == TRAP_UNK, "missing TRAP_* si_code");
       break;
   }
   // Then the other codes...
diff --git a/debuggerd/tombstoned/tombstoned.cpp b/debuggerd/tombstoned/tombstoned.cpp
index 15ae406..ad92067 100644
--- a/debuggerd/tombstoned/tombstoned.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/tombstoned/tombstoned.cpp
@@ -212,8 +212,13 @@
   bool intercepted =
       intercept_manager->GetIntercept(crash->crash_pid, crash->crash_type, &output_fd);
   if (!intercepted) {
-    std::tie(crash->crash_tombstone_path, output_fd) = CrashQueue::for_crash(crash)->get_output();
-    crash->crash_tombstone_fd.reset(dup(output_fd.get()));
+    if (crash->crash_type == kDebuggerdNativeBacktrace) {
+      // Don't generate tombstones for native backtrace requests.
+      output_fd.reset(open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
+    } else {
+      std::tie(crash->crash_tombstone_path, output_fd) = CrashQueue::for_crash(crash)->get_output();
+      crash->crash_tombstone_fd.reset(dup(output_fd.get()));
+    }
   }
 
   TombstonedCrashPacket response = {
diff --git a/fastboot/Android.bp b/fastboot/Android.bp
index 3b91ddd..716fe95 100644
--- a/fastboot/Android.bp
+++ b/fastboot/Android.bp
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
         "libgtest_main",
         "libbase",
         "libadb_host",
+        "liblp",
     ],
 
     header_libs: [
@@ -121,6 +122,8 @@
 
     shared_libs: [
         "android.hardware.boot@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.fastboot@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.health@2.0",
         "libadbd",
         "libasyncio",
         "libbase",
@@ -129,6 +132,7 @@
         "libext2_uuid",
         "libext4_utils",
         "libfs_mgr",
+        "libgsi",
         "libhidlbase",
         "libhidltransport",
         "libhwbinder",
@@ -138,7 +142,9 @@
         "libutils",
     ],
 
-    cpp_std: "c++17",
+    static_libs: [
+        "libhealthhalutils",
+    ],
 }
 
 cc_defaults {
@@ -167,6 +173,11 @@
 
             host_ldlibs: ["-lws2_32"],
         },
+        not_windows: {
+            static_libs: [
+                "libext4_utils",
+            ],
+        },
     },
 
     stl: "libc++_static",
@@ -187,6 +198,8 @@
         "libbase",
         "libcutils",
         "libgtest_host",
+        "liblp",
+        "libcrypto",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -198,10 +211,8 @@
     name: "libfastboot",
     defaults: ["fastboot_host_defaults"],
 
-    cpp_std: "c++17",
     srcs: [
         "bootimg_utils.cpp",
-        "engine.cpp",
         "fastboot.cpp",
         "fs.cpp",
         "socket.cpp",
@@ -247,6 +258,13 @@
         "mke2fs",
         "make_f2fs",
     ],
+    dist: {
+        targets: [
+            "dist_files",
+            "sdk",
+            "win_sdk",
+        ],
+    },
 
     target: {
         not_windows: {
diff --git a/fastboot/Android.mk b/fastboot/Android.mk
index e4c1317..17ec392 100644
--- a/fastboot/Android.mk
+++ b/fastboot/Android.mk
@@ -18,13 +18,9 @@
 # Package fastboot-related executables.
 #
 
-my_dist_files := $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/fastboot
-my_dist_files += $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/mke2fs
+my_dist_files := $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/mke2fs
 my_dist_files += $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/e2fsdroid
 my_dist_files += $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/make_f2fs
 my_dist_files += $(HOST_OUT_EXECUTABLES)/sload_f2fs
 $(call dist-for-goals,dist_files sdk win_sdk,$(my_dist_files))
-ifdef HOST_CROSS_OS
-$(call dist-for-goals,dist_files sdk win_sdk,$(ALL_MODULES.host_cross_fastboot.BUILT))
-endif
 my_dist_files :=
diff --git a/fastboot/bootimg_utils.cpp b/fastboot/bootimg_utils.cpp
index 1152007..e433787 100644
--- a/fastboot/bootimg_utils.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/bootimg_utils.cpp
@@ -39,27 +39,27 @@
     strcpy(reinterpret_cast<char*>(h->cmdline), cmdline.c_str());
 }
 
-boot_img_hdr_v1* mkbootimg(void* kernel, int64_t kernel_size, void* ramdisk, int64_t ramdisk_size,
-                           void* second, int64_t second_size, size_t base,
-                           const boot_img_hdr_v1& src, int64_t* bootimg_size) {
+boot_img_hdr_v1* mkbootimg(const std::vector<char>& kernel, const std::vector<char>& ramdisk,
+                           const std::vector<char>& second, size_t base, const boot_img_hdr_v1& src,
+                           std::vector<char>* out) {
     const size_t page_mask = src.page_size - 1;
 
     int64_t header_actual = (sizeof(boot_img_hdr_v1) + page_mask) & (~page_mask);
-    int64_t kernel_actual = (kernel_size + page_mask) & (~page_mask);
-    int64_t ramdisk_actual = (ramdisk_size + page_mask) & (~page_mask);
-    int64_t second_actual = (second_size + page_mask) & (~page_mask);
+    int64_t kernel_actual = (kernel.size() + page_mask) & (~page_mask);
+    int64_t ramdisk_actual = (ramdisk.size() + page_mask) & (~page_mask);
+    int64_t second_actual = (second.size() + page_mask) & (~page_mask);
 
-    *bootimg_size = header_actual + kernel_actual + ramdisk_actual + second_actual;
+    int64_t bootimg_size = header_actual + kernel_actual + ramdisk_actual + second_actual;
+    out->resize(bootimg_size);
 
-    boot_img_hdr_v1* hdr = reinterpret_cast<boot_img_hdr_v1*>(calloc(*bootimg_size, 1));
-    if (hdr == nullptr) die("couldn't allocate boot image: %" PRId64 " bytes", *bootimg_size);
+    boot_img_hdr_v1* hdr = reinterpret_cast<boot_img_hdr_v1*>(out->data());
 
     *hdr = src;
     memcpy(hdr->magic, BOOT_MAGIC, BOOT_MAGIC_SIZE);
 
-    hdr->kernel_size =  kernel_size;
-    hdr->ramdisk_size = ramdisk_size;
-    hdr->second_size =  second_size;
+    hdr->kernel_size = kernel.size();
+    hdr->ramdisk_size = ramdisk.size();
+    hdr->second_size = second.size();
 
     hdr->kernel_addr += base;
     hdr->ramdisk_addr += base;
@@ -70,8 +70,9 @@
         hdr->header_size = sizeof(boot_img_hdr_v1);
     }
 
-    memcpy(hdr->magic + hdr->page_size, kernel, kernel_size);
-    memcpy(hdr->magic + hdr->page_size + kernel_actual, ramdisk, ramdisk_size);
-    memcpy(hdr->magic + hdr->page_size + kernel_actual + ramdisk_actual, second, second_size);
+    memcpy(hdr->magic + hdr->page_size, kernel.data(), kernel.size());
+    memcpy(hdr->magic + hdr->page_size + kernel_actual, ramdisk.data(), ramdisk.size());
+    memcpy(hdr->magic + hdr->page_size + kernel_actual + ramdisk_actual, second.data(),
+           second.size());
     return hdr;
 }
diff --git a/fastboot/bootimg_utils.h b/fastboot/bootimg_utils.h
index fe805b0..a4e8870 100644
--- a/fastboot/bootimg_utils.h
+++ b/fastboot/bootimg_utils.h
@@ -33,8 +33,9 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
-boot_img_hdr_v1* mkbootimg(void* kernel, int64_t kernel_size, void* ramdisk, int64_t ramdisk_size,
-                           void* second, int64_t second_size, size_t base,
-                           const boot_img_hdr_v1& src, int64_t* bootimg_size);
+boot_img_hdr_v1* mkbootimg(const std::vector<char>& kernel, const std::vector<char>& ramdisk,
+                           const std::vector<char>& second, size_t base, const boot_img_hdr_v1& src,
+                           std::vector<char>* out);
 void bootimg_set_cmdline(boot_img_hdr_v1* h, const std::string& cmdline);
diff --git a/fastboot/constants.h b/fastboot/constants.h
index 063cd40..8a72627 100644
--- a/fastboot/constants.h
+++ b/fastboot/constants.h
@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@
 #define FB_CMD_DELETE_PARTITION "delete-logical-partition"
 #define FB_CMD_RESIZE_PARTITION "resize-logical-partition"
 #define FB_CMD_UPDATE_SUPER "update-super"
+#define FB_CMD_OEM "oem"
+#define FB_CMD_GSI "gsi"
 
 #define RESPONSE_OKAY "OKAY"
 #define RESPONSE_FAIL "FAIL"
@@ -53,7 +55,14 @@
 #define FB_VAR_HAS_SLOT "has-slot"
 #define FB_VAR_SLOT_COUNT "slot-count"
 #define FB_VAR_PARTITION_SIZE "partition-size"
+#define FB_VAR_PARTITION_TYPE "partition-type"
 #define FB_VAR_SLOT_SUCCESSFUL "slot-successful"
 #define FB_VAR_SLOT_UNBOOTABLE "slot-unbootable"
 #define FB_VAR_IS_LOGICAL "is-logical"
 #define FB_VAR_IS_USERSPACE "is-userspace"
+#define FB_VAR_HW_REVISION "hw-revision"
+#define FB_VAR_VARIANT "variant"
+#define FB_VAR_OFF_MODE_CHARGE_STATE "off-mode-charge"
+#define FB_VAR_BATTERY_VOLTAGE "battery-voltage"
+#define FB_VAR_BATTERY_SOC_OK "battery-soc-ok"
+#define FB_VAR_SUPER_PARTITION_NAME "super-partition-name"
diff --git a/fastboot/device/commands.cpp b/fastboot/device/commands.cpp
index 1e853bf..a2336bf 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/commands.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/device/commands.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/wipe.h>
+#include <fs_mgr.h>
+#include <libgsi/libgsi.h>
 #include <liblp/builder.h>
 #include <liblp/liblp.h>
 #include <uuid/uuid.h>
@@ -40,42 +42,102 @@
 using ::android::hardware::boot::V1_0::BoolResult;
 using ::android::hardware::boot::V1_0::CommandResult;
 using ::android::hardware::boot::V1_0::Slot;
+using ::android::hardware::fastboot::V1_0::Result;
+using ::android::hardware::fastboot::V1_0::Status;
+
 using namespace android::fs_mgr;
 
+struct VariableHandlers {
+    // Callback to retrieve the value of a single variable.
+    std::function<bool(FastbootDevice*, const std::vector<std::string>&, std::string*)> get;
+    // Callback to retrieve all possible argument combinations, for getvar all.
+    std::function<std::vector<std::vector<std::string>>(FastbootDevice*)> get_all_args;
+};
+
+static void GetAllVars(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& name,
+                       const VariableHandlers& handlers) {
+    if (!handlers.get_all_args) {
+        std::string message;
+        if (!handlers.get(device, std::vector<std::string>(), &message)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        device->WriteInfo(android::base::StringPrintf("%s:%s", name.c_str(), message.c_str()));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto all_args = handlers.get_all_args(device);
+    for (const auto& args : all_args) {
+        std::string message;
+        if (!handlers.get(device, args, &message)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::string arg_string = android::base::Join(args, ":");
+        device->WriteInfo(android::base::StringPrintf("%s:%s:%s", name.c_str(), arg_string.c_str(),
+                                                      message.c_str()));
+    }
+}
+
 bool GetVarHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    using VariableHandler = std::function<bool(FastbootDevice*, const std::vector<std::string>&)>;
-    const std::unordered_map<std::string, VariableHandler> kVariableMap = {
-            {FB_VAR_VERSION, GetVersion},
-            {FB_VAR_VERSION_BOOTLOADER, GetBootloaderVersion},
-            {FB_VAR_VERSION_BASEBAND, GetBasebandVersion},
-            {FB_VAR_PRODUCT, GetProduct},
-            {FB_VAR_SERIALNO, GetSerial},
-            {FB_VAR_SECURE, GetSecure},
-            {FB_VAR_UNLOCKED, GetUnlocked},
-            {FB_VAR_MAX_DOWNLOAD_SIZE, GetMaxDownloadSize},
-            {FB_VAR_CURRENT_SLOT, ::GetCurrentSlot},
-            {FB_VAR_SLOT_COUNT, GetSlotCount},
-            {FB_VAR_HAS_SLOT, GetHasSlot},
-            {FB_VAR_SLOT_SUCCESSFUL, GetSlotSuccessful},
-            {FB_VAR_SLOT_UNBOOTABLE, GetSlotUnbootable},
-            {FB_VAR_PARTITION_SIZE, GetPartitionSize},
-            {FB_VAR_IS_LOGICAL, GetPartitionIsLogical},
-            {FB_VAR_IS_USERSPACE, GetIsUserspace}};
+    const std::unordered_map<std::string, VariableHandlers> kVariableMap = {
+            {FB_VAR_VERSION, {GetVersion, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_VERSION_BOOTLOADER, {GetBootloaderVersion, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_VERSION_BASEBAND, {GetBasebandVersion, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_PRODUCT, {GetProduct, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_SERIALNO, {GetSerial, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_VARIANT, {GetVariant, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_SECURE, {GetSecure, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_UNLOCKED, {GetUnlocked, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_MAX_DOWNLOAD_SIZE, {GetMaxDownloadSize, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_CURRENT_SLOT, {::GetCurrentSlot, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_SLOT_COUNT, {GetSlotCount, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_HAS_SLOT, {GetHasSlot, GetAllPartitionArgsNoSlot}},
+            {FB_VAR_SLOT_SUCCESSFUL, {GetSlotSuccessful, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_SLOT_UNBOOTABLE, {GetSlotUnbootable, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_PARTITION_SIZE, {GetPartitionSize, GetAllPartitionArgsWithSlot}},
+            {FB_VAR_PARTITION_TYPE, {GetPartitionType, GetAllPartitionArgsWithSlot}},
+            {FB_VAR_IS_LOGICAL, {GetPartitionIsLogical, GetAllPartitionArgsWithSlot}},
+            {FB_VAR_IS_USERSPACE, {GetIsUserspace, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_OFF_MODE_CHARGE_STATE, {GetOffModeChargeState, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_BATTERY_VOLTAGE, {GetBatteryVoltage, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_BATTERY_SOC_OK, {GetBatterySoCOk, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_HW_REVISION, {GetHardwareRevision, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_SUPER_PARTITION_NAME, {GetSuperPartitionName, nullptr}}};
+
+    if (args.size() < 2) {
+        return device->WriteFail("Missing argument");
+    }
+
+    // Special case: return all variables that we can.
+    if (args[1] == "all") {
+        for (const auto& [name, handlers] : kVariableMap) {
+            GetAllVars(device, name, handlers);
+        }
+        return device->WriteOkay("");
+    }
 
     // args[0] is command name, args[1] is variable.
     auto found_variable = kVariableMap.find(args[1]);
     if (found_variable == kVariableMap.end()) {
-        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Unknown variable");
+        return device->WriteFail("Unknown variable");
     }
 
+    std::string message;
     std::vector<std::string> getvar_args(args.begin() + 2, args.end());
-    return found_variable->second(device, getvar_args);
+    if (!found_variable->second.get(device, getvar_args, &message)) {
+        return device->WriteFail(message);
+    }
+    return device->WriteOkay(message);
 }
 
 bool EraseHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     if (args.size() < 2) {
         return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Invalid arguments");
     }
+
+    if (GetDeviceLockStatus()) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Erase is not allowed on locked devices");
+    }
+
     PartitionHandle handle;
     if (!OpenPartition(device, args[1], &handle)) {
         return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Partition doesn't exist");
@@ -86,13 +148,37 @@
     return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Erasing failed");
 }
 
+bool OemCmdHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    auto fastboot_hal = device->fastboot_hal();
+    if (!fastboot_hal) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Unable to open fastboot HAL");
+    }
+
+    Result ret;
+    auto ret_val = fastboot_hal->doOemCommand(args[0], [&](Result result) { ret = result; });
+    if (!ret_val.isOk()) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Unable to do OEM command");
+    }
+    if (ret.status != Status::SUCCESS) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, ret.message);
+    }
+
+    return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::OKAY, ret.message);
+}
+
 bool DownloadHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     if (args.size() < 2) {
         return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "size argument unspecified");
     }
+
+    if (GetDeviceLockStatus()) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL,
+                                   "Download is not allowed on locked devices");
+    }
+
     // arg[0] is the command name, arg[1] contains size of data to be downloaded
     unsigned int size;
-    if (!android::base::ParseUint("0x" + args[1], &size, UINT_MAX)) {
+    if (!android::base::ParseUint("0x" + args[1], &size, kMaxDownloadSizeDefault)) {
         return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Invalid size");
     }
     device->download_data().resize(size);
@@ -112,6 +198,12 @@
     if (args.size() < 2) {
         return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Invalid arguments");
     }
+
+    if (GetDeviceLockStatus()) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL,
+                                   "Flashing is not allowed on locked devices");
+    }
+
     int ret = Flash(device, args[1]);
     if (ret < 0) {
         return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, strerror(-ret));
@@ -124,6 +216,11 @@
         return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Missing slot argument");
     }
 
+    if (GetDeviceLockStatus()) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL,
+                                   "set_active command is not allowed on locked devices");
+    }
+
     // Slot suffix needs to be between 'a' and 'z'.
     Slot slot;
     if (!GetSlotNumber(args[1], &slot)) {
@@ -142,7 +239,13 @@
     CommandResult ret;
     auto cb = [&ret](CommandResult result) { ret = result; };
     auto result = boot_control_hal->setActiveBootSlot(slot, cb);
-    if (result.isOk() && ret.success) return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::OKAY, "");
+    if (result.isOk() && ret.success) {
+        // Save as slot suffix to match the suffix format as returned from
+        // the boot control HAL.
+        auto current_slot = "_" + args[1];
+        device->set_active_slot(current_slot);
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::OKAY, "");
+    }
     return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Unable to set slot");
 }
 
@@ -220,27 +323,28 @@
 // partition table to the same place it was read.
 class PartitionBuilder {
   public:
-    explicit PartitionBuilder(FastbootDevice* device);
+    explicit PartitionBuilder(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& partition_name);
 
     bool Write();
     bool Valid() const { return !!builder_; }
     MetadataBuilder* operator->() const { return builder_.get(); }
 
   private:
+    FastbootDevice* device_;
     std::string super_device_;
     uint32_t slot_number_;
     std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder_;
 };
 
-PartitionBuilder::PartitionBuilder(FastbootDevice* device) {
-    auto super_device = FindPhysicalPartition(LP_METADATA_PARTITION_NAME);
+PartitionBuilder::PartitionBuilder(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& partition_name)
+    : device_(device) {
+    std::string slot_suffix = GetSuperSlotSuffix(device, partition_name);
+    slot_number_ = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(slot_suffix);
+    auto super_device = FindPhysicalPartition(fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(slot_number_));
     if (!super_device) {
         return;
     }
     super_device_ = *super_device;
-
-    std::string slot = device->GetCurrentSlot();
-    slot_number_ = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(slot);
     builder_ = MetadataBuilder::New(super_device_, slot_number_);
 }
 
@@ -249,7 +353,7 @@
     if (!metadata) {
         return false;
     }
-    return UpdatePartitionTable(super_device_, *metadata.get(), slot_number_);
+    return UpdateAllPartitionMetadata(device_, super_device_, *metadata.get());
 }
 
 bool CreatePartitionHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
@@ -257,13 +361,17 @@
         return device->WriteFail("Invalid partition name and size");
     }
 
+    if (GetDeviceLockStatus()) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Command not available on locked devices");
+    }
+
     uint64_t partition_size;
     std::string partition_name = args[1];
     if (!android::base::ParseUint(args[2].c_str(), &partition_size)) {
         return device->WriteFail("Invalid partition size");
     }
 
-    PartitionBuilder builder(device);
+    PartitionBuilder builder(device, partition_name);
     if (!builder.Valid()) {
         return device->WriteFail("Could not open super partition");
     }
@@ -272,13 +380,7 @@
         return device->WriteFail("Partition already exists");
     }
 
-    // Make a random UUID, since they're not currently used.
-    uuid_t uuid;
-    char uuid_str[37];
-    uuid_generate_random(uuid);
-    uuid_unparse(uuid, uuid_str);
-
-    Partition* partition = builder->AddPartition(partition_name, uuid_str, 0);
+    Partition* partition = builder->AddPartition(partition_name, 0);
     if (!partition) {
         return device->WriteFail("Failed to add partition");
     }
@@ -297,11 +399,17 @@
         return device->WriteFail("Invalid partition name and size");
     }
 
-    PartitionBuilder builder(device);
+    if (GetDeviceLockStatus()) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Command not available on locked devices");
+    }
+
+    std::string partition_name = args[1];
+
+    PartitionBuilder builder(device, partition_name);
     if (!builder.Valid()) {
         return device->WriteFail("Could not open super partition");
     }
-    builder->RemovePartition(args[1]);
+    builder->RemovePartition(partition_name);
     if (!builder.Write()) {
         return device->WriteFail("Failed to write partition table");
     }
@@ -313,13 +421,17 @@
         return device->WriteFail("Invalid partition name and size");
     }
 
+    if (GetDeviceLockStatus()) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Command not available on locked devices");
+    }
+
     uint64_t partition_size;
     std::string partition_name = args[1];
     if (!android::base::ParseUint(args[2].c_str(), &partition_size)) {
         return device->WriteFail("Invalid partition size");
     }
 
-    PartitionBuilder builder(device);
+    PartitionBuilder builder(device, partition_name);
     if (!builder.Valid()) {
         return device->WriteFail("Could not open super partition");
     }
@@ -341,6 +453,30 @@
     if (args.size() < 2) {
         return device->WriteFail("Invalid arguments");
     }
+
+    if (GetDeviceLockStatus()) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Command not available on locked devices");
+    }
+
     bool wipe = (args.size() >= 3 && args[2] == "wipe");
     return UpdateSuper(device, args[1], wipe);
 }
+
+bool GsiHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    if (!android::gsi::IsGsiInstalled()) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "No GSI is installed");
+    }
+    if (args.size() != 2) {
+        return device->WriteFail("Invalid arguments");
+    }
+    if (args[1] == "wipe") {
+        if (!android::gsi::UninstallGsi()) {
+            return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, strerror(errno));
+        }
+    } else if (args[1] == "disable") {
+        if (!android::gsi::DisableGsi()) {
+            return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, strerror(errno));
+        }
+    }
+    return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::OKAY, "Success");
+}
diff --git a/fastboot/device/commands.h b/fastboot/device/commands.h
index 4778d23..afd6d08 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/commands.h
+++ b/fastboot/device/commands.h
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+constexpr unsigned int kMaxDownloadSizeDefault = 0x20000000;
+
 class FastbootDevice;
 
 enum class FastbootResult {
@@ -45,3 +47,5 @@
 bool DeletePartitionHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
 bool ResizePartitionHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
 bool UpdateSuperHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+bool OemCmdHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+bool GsiHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
diff --git a/fastboot/device/fastboot_device.cpp b/fastboot/device/fastboot_device.cpp
index 6ed6d32..56fafab 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/fastboot_device.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/device/fastboot_device.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android/hardware/boot/1.0/IBootControl.h>
+#include <android/hardware/fastboot/1.0/IFastboot.h>
+#include <healthhalutils/HealthHalUtils.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
@@ -29,6 +31,9 @@
 using ::android::hardware::hidl_string;
 using ::android::hardware::boot::V1_0::IBootControl;
 using ::android::hardware::boot::V1_0::Slot;
+using ::android::hardware::fastboot::V1_0::IFastboot;
+using ::android::hardware::health::V2_0::get_health_service;
+
 namespace sph = std::placeholders;
 
 FastbootDevice::FastbootDevice()
@@ -47,9 +52,14 @@
               {FB_CMD_DELETE_PARTITION, DeletePartitionHandler},
               {FB_CMD_RESIZE_PARTITION, ResizePartitionHandler},
               {FB_CMD_UPDATE_SUPER, UpdateSuperHandler},
+              {FB_CMD_OEM, OemCmdHandler},
+              {FB_CMD_GSI, GsiHandler},
       }),
       transport_(std::make_unique<ClientUsbTransport>()),
-      boot_control_hal_(IBootControl::getService()) {}
+      boot_control_hal_(IBootControl::getService()),
+      health_hal_(get_health_service()),
+      fastboot_hal_(IFastboot::getService()),
+      active_slot_("") {}
 
 FastbootDevice::~FastbootDevice() {
     CloseDevice();
@@ -60,6 +70,11 @@
 }
 
 std::string FastbootDevice::GetCurrentSlot() {
+    // Check if a set_active ccommand was issued earlier since the boot control HAL
+    // returns the slot that is currently booted into.
+    if (!active_slot_.empty()) {
+        return active_slot_;
+    }
     // Non-A/B devices must not have boot control HALs.
     if (!boot_control_hal_) {
         return "";
@@ -118,10 +133,20 @@
         command[bytes_read] = '\0';
 
         LOG(INFO) << "Fastboot command: " << command;
-        auto args = android::base::Split(command, ":");
-        auto found_command = kCommandMap.find(args[0]);
+
+        std::vector<std::string> args;
+        std::string cmd_name;
+        if (android::base::StartsWith(command, "oem ")) {
+            args = {command};
+            cmd_name = FB_CMD_OEM;
+        } else {
+            args = android::base::Split(command, ":");
+            cmd_name = args[0];
+        }
+
+        auto found_command = kCommandMap.find(cmd_name);
         if (found_command == kCommandMap.end()) {
-            WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Unrecognized command");
+            WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Unrecognized command " + args[0]);
             continue;
         }
         if (!found_command->second(this, args)) {
@@ -137,3 +162,7 @@
 bool FastbootDevice::WriteFail(const std::string& message) {
     return WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, message);
 }
+
+bool FastbootDevice::WriteInfo(const std::string& message) {
+    return WriteStatus(FastbootResult::INFO, message);
+}
diff --git a/fastboot/device/fastboot_device.h b/fastboot/device/fastboot_device.h
index addc2ef..091aadf 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/fastboot_device.h
+++ b/fastboot/device/fastboot_device.h
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android/hardware/boot/1.0/IBootControl.h>
+#include <android/hardware/fastboot/1.0/IFastboot.h>
+#include <android/hardware/health/2.0/IHealth.h>
 
 #include "commands.h"
 #include "transport.h"
@@ -39,20 +41,30 @@
     bool HandleData(bool read, std::vector<char>* data);
     std::string GetCurrentSlot();
 
-    // Shortcuts for writing OKAY and FAIL status results.
+    // Shortcuts for writing status results.
     bool WriteOkay(const std::string& message);
     bool WriteFail(const std::string& message);
+    bool WriteInfo(const std::string& message);
 
     std::vector<char>& download_data() { return download_data_; }
     Transport* get_transport() { return transport_.get(); }
     android::sp<android::hardware::boot::V1_0::IBootControl> boot_control_hal() {
         return boot_control_hal_;
     }
+    android::sp<android::hardware::fastboot::V1_0::IFastboot> fastboot_hal() {
+        return fastboot_hal_;
+    }
+    android::sp<android::hardware::health::V2_0::IHealth> health_hal() { return health_hal_; }
+
+    void set_active_slot(const std::string& active_slot) { active_slot_ = active_slot; }
 
   private:
     const std::unordered_map<std::string, CommandHandler> kCommandMap;
 
     std::unique_ptr<Transport> transport_;
     android::sp<android::hardware::boot::V1_0::IBootControl> boot_control_hal_;
+    android::sp<android::hardware::health::V2_0::IHealth> health_hal_;
+    android::sp<android::hardware::fastboot::V1_0::IFastboot> fastboot_hal_;
     std::vector<char> download_data_;
+    std::string active_slot_;
 };
diff --git a/fastboot/device/flashing.cpp b/fastboot/device/flashing.cpp
index e3efbcb..f737405 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/flashing.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/device/flashing.cpp
@@ -21,10 +21,15 @@
 
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <memory>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4_utils.h>
+#include <fs_mgr_overlayfs.h>
+#include <fstab/fstab.h>
 #include <liblp/builder.h>
 #include <liblp/liblp.h>
 #include <sparse/sparse.h>
@@ -32,13 +37,35 @@
 #include "fastboot_device.h"
 #include "utility.h"
 
+using namespace android::fs_mgr;
+using namespace std::literals;
+
 namespace {
 
 constexpr uint32_t SPARSE_HEADER_MAGIC = 0xed26ff3a;
 
-}  // namespace
+void WipeOverlayfsForPartition(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& partition_name) {
+    // May be called, in the case of sparse data, multiple times so cache/skip.
+    static std::set<std::string> wiped;
+    if (wiped.find(partition_name) != wiped.end()) return;
+    wiped.insert(partition_name);
+    // Following appears to have a first time 2% impact on flashing speeds.
 
-using namespace android::fs_mgr;
+    // Convert partition_name to a validated mount point and wipe.
+    std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
+                                                               fs_mgr_free_fstab);
+    for (auto i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; i++) {
+        const auto mount_point = fstab->recs[i].mount_point;
+        if (!mount_point) continue;
+        auto partition = android::base::Basename(mount_point);
+        if ("/"s == mount_point) partition = "system";
+        if ((partition + device->GetCurrentSlot()) == partition_name) {
+            fs_mgr_overlayfs_teardown(mount_point);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
 
 int FlashRawDataChunk(int fd, const char* data, size_t len) {
     size_t ret = 0;
@@ -101,15 +128,11 @@
     } else if (data.size() > get_block_device_size(handle.fd())) {
         return -EOVERFLOW;
     }
+    WipeOverlayfsForPartition(device, partition_name);
     return FlashBlockDevice(handle.fd(), data);
 }
 
-bool UpdateSuper(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& partition_name, bool wipe) {
-    std::optional<std::string> super = FindPhysicalPartition(partition_name);
-    if (!super) {
-        return device->WriteFail("Could not find partition: " + partition_name);
-    }
-
+bool UpdateSuper(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& super_name, bool wipe) {
     std::vector<char> data = std::move(device->download_data());
     if (data.empty()) {
         return device->WriteFail("No data available");
@@ -120,57 +143,55 @@
         return device->WriteFail("Data is not a valid logical partition metadata image");
     }
 
+    if (!FindPhysicalPartition(super_name)) {
+        return device->WriteFail("Cannot find " + super_name +
+                                 ", build may be missing broken or missing boot_devices");
+    }
+
     // If we are unable to read the existing metadata, then the super partition
     // is corrupt. In this case we reflash the whole thing using the provided
     // image.
     std::string slot_suffix = device->GetCurrentSlot();
     uint32_t slot_number = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(slot_suffix);
-    std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = ReadMetadata(super->c_str(), slot_number);
-    if (!metadata || wipe) {
-        if (!FlashPartitionTable(super.value(), *new_metadata.get())) {
+    std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> old_metadata = ReadMetadata(super_name, slot_number);
+    if (wipe || !old_metadata) {
+        if (!FlashPartitionTable(super_name, *new_metadata.get())) {
             return device->WriteFail("Unable to flash new partition table");
         }
+        fs_mgr_overlayfs_teardown();
         return device->WriteOkay("Successfully flashed partition table");
     }
 
-    // There's a working super partition, and we don't want to wipe it - it may
-    // may contain partitions created for the user. Instead, we create a zero-
-    // sized partition for each entry in the new partition table. It is then
-    // the host's responsibility to size it correctly via resize-logical-partition.
-    std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(*metadata.get());
-    if (!builder) {
-        return device->WriteFail("Unable to create a metadata builder");
-    }
-    for (const auto& partition : new_metadata->partitions) {
-        std::string name = GetPartitionName(partition);
-        if (builder->FindPartition(name)) {
+    std::set<std::string> partitions_to_keep;
+    for (const auto& partition : old_metadata->partitions) {
+        // Preserve partitions in the other slot, but not the current slot.
+        std::string partition_name = GetPartitionName(partition);
+        if (!slot_suffix.empty() && GetPartitionSlotSuffix(partition_name) == slot_suffix) {
             continue;
         }
-        std::string guid = GetPartitionGuid(partition);
-        if (!builder->AddPartition(name, guid, partition.attributes)) {
-            return device->WriteFail("Unable to add partition: " + name);
-        }
+        partitions_to_keep.emplace(partition_name);
     }
 
-    // The scratch partition may exist as temporary storage, created for
-    // use by adb remount for overlayfs. If we're performing a flashall
-    // operation then we want to start over with a clean slate, so we
-    // remove the scratch partition until it is requested again.
-    builder->RemovePartition("scratch");
+    // Do not preserve the scratch partition.
+    partitions_to_keep.erase("scratch");
 
-    new_metadata = builder->Export();
-    if (!new_metadata) {
-        return device->WriteFail("Unable to export new partition table");
+    if (!partitions_to_keep.empty()) {
+        std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(*new_metadata.get());
+        if (!builder->ImportPartitions(*old_metadata.get(), partitions_to_keep)) {
+            return device->WriteFail(
+                    "Old partitions are not compatible with the new super layout; wipe needed");
+        }
+
+        new_metadata = builder->Export();
+        if (!new_metadata) {
+            return device->WriteFail("Unable to build new partition table; wipe needed");
+        }
     }
 
     // Write the new table to every metadata slot.
-    bool ok = true;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < new_metadata->geometry.metadata_slot_count; i++) {
-        ok &= UpdatePartitionTable(super.value(), *new_metadata.get(), i);
-    }
-
-    if (!ok) {
+    if (!UpdateAllPartitionMetadata(device, super_name, *new_metadata.get())) {
         return device->WriteFail("Unable to write new partition table");
     }
+    fs_mgr_overlayfs_teardown();
     return device->WriteOkay("Successfully updated partition table");
 }
diff --git a/fastboot/device/flashing.h b/fastboot/device/flashing.h
index 89e20fc..b15f28b 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/flashing.h
+++ b/fastboot/device/flashing.h
@@ -22,4 +22,4 @@
 class FastbootDevice;
 
 int Flash(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& partition_name);
-bool UpdateSuper(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& partition_name, bool wipe);
+bool UpdateSuper(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& super_name, bool wipe);
diff --git a/fastboot/device/utility.cpp b/fastboot/device/utility.cpp
index ec84576..2ebd57d 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/utility.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/device/utility.cpp
@@ -16,17 +16,30 @@
 
 #include "utility.h"
 
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <fs_mgr.h>
 #include <fs_mgr_dm_linear.h>
+#include <liblp/builder.h>
 #include <liblp/liblp.h>
 
 #include "fastboot_device.h"
 
 using namespace android::fs_mgr;
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 using android::base::unique_fd;
 using android::hardware::boot::V1_0::Slot;
 
-static bool OpenPhysicalPartition(const std::string& name, PartitionHandle* handle) {
+namespace {
+
+bool OpenPhysicalPartition(const std::string& name, PartitionHandle* handle) {
     std::optional<std::string> path = FindPhysicalPartition(name);
     if (!path) {
         return false;
@@ -35,28 +48,31 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool OpenLogicalPartition(const std::string& name, const std::string& slot,
-                                 PartitionHandle* handle) {
-    std::optional<std::string> path = FindPhysicalPartition(LP_METADATA_PARTITION_NAME);
+bool OpenLogicalPartition(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& partition_name,
+                          PartitionHandle* handle) {
+    std::string slot_suffix = GetSuperSlotSuffix(device, partition_name);
+    uint32_t slot_number = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(slot_suffix);
+    auto path = FindPhysicalPartition(fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(slot_number));
     if (!path) {
         return false;
     }
-    uint32_t slot_number = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(slot);
     std::string dm_path;
-    if (!CreateLogicalPartition(path->c_str(), slot_number, name, true, &dm_path)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not map partition: " << name;
+    if (!CreateLogicalPartition(path->c_str(), slot_number, partition_name, true, 5s, &dm_path)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not map partition: " << partition_name;
         return false;
     }
-    auto closer = [name]() -> void { DestroyLogicalPartition(name); };
+    auto closer = [partition_name]() -> void { DestroyLogicalPartition(partition_name, 5s); };
     *handle = PartitionHandle(dm_path, std::move(closer));
     return true;
 }
 
+}  // namespace
+
 bool OpenPartition(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& name, PartitionHandle* handle) {
     // We prioritize logical partitions over physical ones, and do this
     // consistently for other partition operations (like getvar:partition-size).
-    if (LogicalPartitionExists(name, device->GetCurrentSlot())) {
-        if (!OpenLogicalPartition(name, device->GetCurrentSlot(), handle)) {
+    if (LogicalPartitionExists(device, name)) {
+        if (!OpenLogicalPartition(device, name, handle)) {
             return false;
         }
     } else if (!OpenPhysicalPartition(name, handle)) {
@@ -74,8 +90,12 @@
 }
 
 std::optional<std::string> FindPhysicalPartition(const std::string& name) {
+    // Check for an invalid file name
+    if (android::base::StartsWith(name, "../") || name.find("/../") != std::string::npos) {
+        return {};
+    }
     std::string path = "/dev/block/by-name/" + name;
-    if (access(path.c_str(), R_OK | W_OK) < 0) {
+    if (access(path.c_str(), W_OK) < 0) {
         return {};
     }
     return path;
@@ -91,14 +111,14 @@
     return nullptr;
 }
 
-bool LogicalPartitionExists(const std::string& name, const std::string& slot_suffix,
-                            bool* is_zero_length) {
-    auto path = FindPhysicalPartition(LP_METADATA_PARTITION_NAME);
+bool LogicalPartitionExists(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& name, bool* is_zero_length) {
+    std::string slot_suffix = GetSuperSlotSuffix(device, name);
+    uint32_t slot_number = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(slot_suffix);
+    auto path = FindPhysicalPartition(fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(slot_number));
     if (!path) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    uint32_t slot_number = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(slot_suffix);
     std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = ReadMetadata(path->c_str(), slot_number);
     if (!metadata) {
         return false;
@@ -123,3 +143,92 @@
     *number = slot[0] - 'a';
     return true;
 }
+
+std::vector<std::string> ListPartitions(FastbootDevice* device) {
+    std::vector<std::string> partitions;
+
+    // First get physical partitions.
+    struct dirent* de;
+    std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> by_name(opendir("/dev/block/by-name"), closedir);
+    while ((de = readdir(by_name.get())) != nullptr) {
+        if (!strcmp(de->d_name, ".") || !strcmp(de->d_name, "..")) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        struct stat s;
+        std::string path = "/dev/block/by-name/" + std::string(de->d_name);
+        if (!stat(path.c_str(), &s) && S_ISBLK(s.st_mode)) {
+            partitions.emplace_back(de->d_name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Find metadata in each super partition (on retrofit devices, there will
+    // be two).
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata>> metadata_list;
+
+    uint32_t current_slot = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(device->GetCurrentSlot());
+    std::string super_name = fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(current_slot);
+    if (auto metadata = ReadMetadata(super_name, current_slot)) {
+        metadata_list.emplace_back(std::move(metadata));
+    }
+
+    uint32_t other_slot = (current_slot == 0) ? 1 : 0;
+    std::string other_super = fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(other_slot);
+    if (super_name != other_super) {
+        if (auto metadata = ReadMetadata(other_super, other_slot)) {
+            metadata_list.emplace_back(std::move(metadata));
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& metadata : metadata_list) {
+        for (const auto& partition : metadata->partitions) {
+            std::string partition_name = GetPartitionName(partition);
+            if (std::find(partitions.begin(), partitions.end(), partition_name) ==
+                partitions.end()) {
+                partitions.emplace_back(partition_name);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return partitions;
+}
+
+bool GetDeviceLockStatus() {
+    std::string cmdline;
+    // Return lock status true if unable to read kernel command line.
+    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/cmdline", &cmdline)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return cmdline.find("androidboot.verifiedbootstate=orange") == std::string::npos;
+}
+
+bool UpdateAllPartitionMetadata(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& super_name,
+                                const android::fs_mgr::LpMetadata& metadata) {
+    size_t num_slots = 1;
+    auto boot_control_hal = device->boot_control_hal();
+    if (boot_control_hal) {
+        num_slots = boot_control_hal->getNumberSlots();
+    }
+
+    bool ok = true;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_slots; i++) {
+        ok &= UpdatePartitionTable(super_name, metadata, i);
+    }
+    return ok;
+}
+
+std::string GetSuperSlotSuffix(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& partition_name) {
+    // If the super partition does not have a slot suffix, this is not a
+    // retrofit device, and we should take the current slot.
+    std::string current_slot_suffix = device->GetCurrentSlot();
+    uint32_t current_slot_number = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(current_slot_suffix);
+    std::string super_partition = fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(current_slot_number);
+    if (GetPartitionSlotSuffix(super_partition).empty()) {
+        return current_slot_suffix;
+    }
+
+    // Otherwise, infer the slot from the partition name.
+    std::string slot_suffix = GetPartitionSlotSuffix(partition_name);
+    if (!slot_suffix.empty()) {
+        return slot_suffix;
+    }
+    return current_slot_suffix;
+}
diff --git a/fastboot/device/utility.h b/fastboot/device/utility.h
index 0931fc3..bfeeb74 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/utility.h
+++ b/fastboot/device/utility.h
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <android/hardware/boot/1.0/IBootControl.h>
+#include <liblp/liblp.h>
 
 // Logical partitions are only mapped to a block device as needed, and
 // immediately unmapped when no longer needed. In order to enforce this we
@@ -52,9 +53,20 @@
 
 class FastbootDevice;
 
+// On normal devices, the super partition is always named "super". On retrofit
+// devices, the name must be derived from the partition name or current slot.
+// This helper assists in choosing the correct super for a given partition
+// name.
+std::string GetSuperSlotSuffix(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& partition_name);
+
 std::optional<std::string> FindPhysicalPartition(const std::string& name);
-bool LogicalPartitionExists(const std::string& name, const std::string& slot_suffix,
+bool LogicalPartitionExists(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& name,
                             bool* is_zero_length = nullptr);
 bool OpenPartition(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& name, PartitionHandle* handle);
-
 bool GetSlotNumber(const std::string& slot, android::hardware::boot::V1_0::Slot* number);
+std::vector<std::string> ListPartitions(FastbootDevice* device);
+bool GetDeviceLockStatus();
+
+// Update all copies of metadata.
+bool UpdateAllPartitionMetadata(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& super_name,
+                                const android::fs_mgr::LpMetadata& metadata);
diff --git a/fastboot/device/variables.cpp b/fastboot/device/variables.cpp
index 65cfea3..130a3cf 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/variables.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/device/variables.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4_utils.h>
+#include <fs_mgr.h>
+#include <healthhalutils/HealthHalUtils.h>
+#include <liblp/liblp.h>
 
 #include "fastboot_device.h"
 #include "flashing.h"
@@ -31,145 +34,393 @@
 
 using ::android::hardware::boot::V1_0::BoolResult;
 using ::android::hardware::boot::V1_0::Slot;
+using ::android::hardware::fastboot::V1_0::FileSystemType;
+using ::android::hardware::fastboot::V1_0::Result;
+using ::android::hardware::fastboot::V1_0::Status;
+using namespace android::fs_mgr;
 
-constexpr int kMaxDownloadSizeDefault = 0x20000000;
 constexpr char kFastbootProtocolVersion[] = "0.4";
 
-bool GetVersion(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */) {
-    return device->WriteOkay(kFastbootProtocolVersion);
+bool GetVersion(FastbootDevice* /* device */, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                std::string* message) {
+    *message = kFastbootProtocolVersion;
+    return true;
 }
 
-bool GetBootloaderVersion(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */) {
-    return device->WriteOkay(android::base::GetProperty("ro.bootloader", ""));
+bool GetBootloaderVersion(FastbootDevice* /* device */, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                          std::string* message) {
+    *message = android::base::GetProperty("ro.bootloader", "");
+    return true;
 }
 
-bool GetBasebandVersion(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */) {
-    return device->WriteOkay(android::base::GetProperty("ro.build.expect.baseband", ""));
+bool GetBasebandVersion(FastbootDevice* /* device */, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                        std::string* message) {
+    *message = android::base::GetProperty("ro.build.expect.baseband", "");
+    return true;
 }
 
-bool GetProduct(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */) {
-    return device->WriteOkay(android::base::GetProperty("ro.product.device", ""));
+bool GetProduct(FastbootDevice* /* device */, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                std::string* message) {
+    *message = android::base::GetProperty("ro.product.device", "");
+    return true;
 }
 
-bool GetSerial(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */) {
-    return device->WriteOkay(android::base::GetProperty("ro.serialno", ""));
+bool GetSerial(FastbootDevice* /* device */, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+               std::string* message) {
+    *message = android::base::GetProperty("ro.serialno", "");
+    return true;
 }
 
-bool GetSecure(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */) {
-    return device->WriteOkay(android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.secure", "") ? "yes" : "no");
+bool GetSecure(FastbootDevice* /* device */, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+               std::string* message) {
+    *message = android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.secure", "") ? "yes" : "no";
+    return true;
 }
 
-bool GetCurrentSlot(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */) {
+bool GetVariant(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                std::string* message) {
+    auto fastboot_hal = device->fastboot_hal();
+    if (!fastboot_hal) {
+        *message = "Fastboot HAL not found";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Result ret;
+    auto ret_val = fastboot_hal->getVariant([&](std::string device_variant, Result result) {
+        *message = device_variant;
+        ret = result;
+    });
+    if (!ret_val.isOk() || ret.status != Status::SUCCESS) {
+        *message = "Unable to get device variant";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GetBatteryVoltageHelper(FastbootDevice* device, int32_t* battery_voltage) {
+    using android::hardware::health::V2_0::HealthInfo;
+    using android::hardware::health::V2_0::Result;
+
+    auto health_hal = device->health_hal();
+    if (!health_hal) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Result ret;
+    auto ret_val = health_hal->getHealthInfo([&](Result result, HealthInfo info) {
+        *battery_voltage = info.legacy.batteryVoltage;
+        ret = result;
+    });
+    if (!ret_val.isOk() || (ret != Result::SUCCESS)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GetBatterySoCOk(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                     std::string* message) {
+    int32_t battery_voltage = 0;
+    if (!GetBatteryVoltageHelper(device, &battery_voltage)) {
+        *message = "Unable to read battery voltage";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto fastboot_hal = device->fastboot_hal();
+    if (!fastboot_hal) {
+        *message = "Fastboot HAL not found";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Result ret;
+    auto ret_val = fastboot_hal->getBatteryVoltageFlashingThreshold(
+            [&](int32_t voltage_threshold, Result result) {
+                *message = battery_voltage >= voltage_threshold ? "yes" : "no";
+                ret = result;
+            });
+
+    if (!ret_val.isOk() || ret.status != Status::SUCCESS) {
+        *message = "Unable to get battery voltage flashing threshold";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GetOffModeChargeState(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                           std::string* message) {
+    auto fastboot_hal = device->fastboot_hal();
+    if (!fastboot_hal) {
+        *message = "Fastboot HAL not found";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Result ret;
+    auto ret_val =
+            fastboot_hal->getOffModeChargeState([&](bool off_mode_charging_state, Result result) {
+                *message = off_mode_charging_state ? "1" : "0";
+                ret = result;
+            });
+    if (!ret_val.isOk() || (ret.status != Status::SUCCESS)) {
+        *message = "Unable to get off mode charge state";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GetBatteryVoltage(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                       std::string* message) {
+    int32_t battery_voltage = 0;
+    if (GetBatteryVoltageHelper(device, &battery_voltage)) {
+        *message = std::to_string(battery_voltage);
+        return true;
+    }
+    *message = "Unable to get battery voltage";
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool GetCurrentSlot(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                    std::string* message) {
     std::string suffix = device->GetCurrentSlot();
-    std::string slot = suffix.size() == 2 ? suffix.substr(1) : suffix;
-    return device->WriteOkay(slot);
+    *message = suffix.size() == 2 ? suffix.substr(1) : suffix;
+    return true;
 }
 
-bool GetSlotCount(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */) {
+bool GetSlotCount(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                  std::string* message) {
     auto boot_control_hal = device->boot_control_hal();
     if (!boot_control_hal) {
-        return "0";
+        *message = "0";
+    } else {
+        *message = std::to_string(boot_control_hal->getNumberSlots());
     }
-    return device->WriteOkay(std::to_string(boot_control_hal->getNumberSlots()));
+    return true;
 }
 
-bool GetSlotSuccessful(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+bool GetSlotSuccessful(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                       std::string* message) {
     if (args.empty()) {
-        return device->WriteFail("Missing argument");
+        *message = "Missing argument";
+        return false;
     }
     Slot slot;
     if (!GetSlotNumber(args[0], &slot)) {
-        return device->WriteFail("Invalid slot");
+        *message = "Invalid slot";
+        return false;
     }
     auto boot_control_hal = device->boot_control_hal();
     if (!boot_control_hal) {
-        return device->WriteFail("Device has no slots");
+        *message = "Device has no slots";
+        return false;
     }
     if (boot_control_hal->isSlotMarkedSuccessful(slot) != BoolResult::TRUE) {
-        return device->WriteOkay("no");
+        *message = "no";
+    } else {
+        *message = "yes";
     }
-    return device->WriteOkay("yes");
+    return true;
 }
 
-bool GetSlotUnbootable(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+bool GetSlotUnbootable(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                       std::string* message) {
     if (args.empty()) {
-        return device->WriteFail("Missing argument");
+        *message = "Missing argument";
+        return false;
     }
     Slot slot;
     if (!GetSlotNumber(args[0], &slot)) {
-        return device->WriteFail("Invalid slot");
+        *message = "Invalid slot";
+        return false;
     }
     auto boot_control_hal = device->boot_control_hal();
     if (!boot_control_hal) {
-        return device->WriteFail("Device has no slots");
+        *message = "Device has no slots";
+        return false;
     }
     if (boot_control_hal->isSlotBootable(slot) != BoolResult::TRUE) {
-        return device->WriteOkay("yes");
+        *message = "yes";
+    } else {
+        *message = "no";
     }
-    return device->WriteOkay("no");
+    return true;
 }
 
-bool GetMaxDownloadSize(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */) {
-    return device->WriteOkay(std::to_string(kMaxDownloadSizeDefault));
+bool GetMaxDownloadSize(FastbootDevice* /* device */, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                        std::string* message) {
+    *message = android::base::StringPrintf("0x%X", kMaxDownloadSizeDefault);
+    return true;
 }
 
-bool GetUnlocked(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */) {
-    return device->WriteOkay("yes");
+bool GetUnlocked(FastbootDevice* /* device */, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                 std::string* message) {
+    *message = GetDeviceLockStatus() ? "no" : "yes";
+    return true;
 }
 
-bool GetHasSlot(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+bool GetHasSlot(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                std::string* message) {
     if (args.empty()) {
-        return device->WriteFail("Missing argument");
+        *message = "Missing argument";
+        return false;
     }
     std::string slot_suffix = device->GetCurrentSlot();
     if (slot_suffix.empty()) {
-        return device->WriteOkay("no");
+        *message = "no";
+        return true;
     }
     std::string partition_name = args[0] + slot_suffix;
-    if (FindPhysicalPartition(partition_name) ||
-        LogicalPartitionExists(partition_name, slot_suffix)) {
-        return device->WriteOkay("yes");
+    if (FindPhysicalPartition(partition_name) || LogicalPartitionExists(device, partition_name)) {
+        *message = "yes";
+    } else {
+        *message = "no";
     }
-    return device->WriteOkay("no");
+    return true;
 }
 
-bool GetPartitionSize(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+bool GetPartitionSize(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                      std::string* message) {
     if (args.size() < 1) {
-        return device->WriteFail("Missing argument");
+        *message = "Missing argument";
+        return false;
     }
     // Zero-length partitions cannot be created through device-mapper, so we
     // special case them here.
     bool is_zero_length;
-    if (LogicalPartitionExists(args[0], device->GetCurrentSlot(), &is_zero_length) &&
-        is_zero_length) {
-        return device->WriteOkay("0");
+    if (LogicalPartitionExists(device, args[0], &is_zero_length) && is_zero_length) {
+        *message = "0x0";
+        return true;
     }
     // Otherwise, open the partition as normal.
     PartitionHandle handle;
     if (!OpenPartition(device, args[0], &handle)) {
-        return device->WriteFail("Could not open partition");
+        *message = "Could not open partition";
+        return false;
     }
     uint64_t size = get_block_device_size(handle.fd());
-    return device->WriteOkay(android::base::StringPrintf("%" PRIX64, size));
+    *message = android::base::StringPrintf("0x%" PRIX64, size);
+    return true;
 }
 
-bool GetPartitionIsLogical(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+bool GetPartitionType(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                      std::string* message) {
     if (args.size() < 1) {
-        return device->WriteFail("Missing argument");
+        *message = "Missing argument";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::string partition_name = args[0];
+    if (!FindPhysicalPartition(partition_name) && !LogicalPartitionExists(device, partition_name)) {
+        *message = "Invalid partition";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto fastboot_hal = device->fastboot_hal();
+    if (!fastboot_hal) {
+        *message = "Fastboot HAL not found";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    FileSystemType type;
+    Result ret;
+    auto ret_val =
+            fastboot_hal->getPartitionType(args[0], [&](FileSystemType fs_type, Result result) {
+                type = fs_type;
+                ret = result;
+            });
+    if (!ret_val.isOk() || (ret.status != Status::SUCCESS)) {
+        *message = "Unable to retrieve partition type";
+    } else {
+        switch (type) {
+            case FileSystemType::RAW:
+                *message = "raw";
+                return true;
+            case FileSystemType::EXT4:
+                *message = "ext4";
+                return true;
+            case FileSystemType::F2FS:
+                *message = "f2fs";
+                return true;
+            default:
+                *message = "Unknown file system type";
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool GetPartitionIsLogical(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                           std::string* message) {
+    if (args.size() < 1) {
+        *message = "Missing argument";
+        return false;
     }
     // Note: if a partition name is in both the GPT and the super partition, we
     // return "true", to be consistent with prefering to flash logical partitions
     // over physical ones.
     std::string partition_name = args[0];
-    if (LogicalPartitionExists(partition_name, device->GetCurrentSlot())) {
-        return device->WriteOkay("yes");
+    if (LogicalPartitionExists(device, partition_name)) {
+        *message = "yes";
+        return true;
     }
     if (FindPhysicalPartition(partition_name)) {
-        return device->WriteOkay("no");
+        *message = "no";
+        return true;
     }
-    return device->WriteFail("Partition not found");
+    *message = "Partition not found";
+    return false;
 }
 
-bool GetIsUserspace(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */) {
-    return device->WriteOkay("yes");
+bool GetIsUserspace(FastbootDevice* /* device */, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                    std::string* message) {
+    *message = "yes";
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> GetAllPartitionArgsWithSlot(FastbootDevice* device) {
+    std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> args;
+    auto partitions = ListPartitions(device);
+    for (const auto& partition : partitions) {
+        args.emplace_back(std::initializer_list<std::string>{partition});
+    }
+    return args;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> GetAllPartitionArgsNoSlot(FastbootDevice* device) {
+    auto partitions = ListPartitions(device);
+
+    std::string slot_suffix = device->GetCurrentSlot();
+    if (!slot_suffix.empty()) {
+        auto names = std::move(partitions);
+        for (const auto& name : names) {
+            std::string slotless_name = name;
+            if (android::base::EndsWith(name, "_a") || android::base::EndsWith(name, "_b")) {
+                slotless_name = name.substr(0, name.rfind("_"));
+            }
+            if (std::find(partitions.begin(), partitions.end(), slotless_name) ==
+                partitions.end()) {
+                partitions.emplace_back(slotless_name);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> args;
+    for (const auto& partition : partitions) {
+        args.emplace_back(std::initializer_list<std::string>{partition});
+    }
+    return args;
+}
+
+bool GetHardwareRevision(FastbootDevice* /* device */, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                         std::string* message) {
+    *message = android::base::GetProperty("ro.revision", "");
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GetSuperPartitionName(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                           std::string* message) {
+    uint32_t slot_number = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(device->GetCurrentSlot());
+    *message = fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(slot_number);
+    return true;
 }
diff --git a/fastboot/device/variables.h b/fastboot/device/variables.h
index 554a080..015a4c5 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/variables.h
+++ b/fastboot/device/variables.h
@@ -21,19 +21,47 @@
 
 class FastbootDevice;
 
-bool GetVersion(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-bool GetBootloaderVersion(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-bool GetBasebandVersion(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-bool GetProduct(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-bool GetSerial(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-bool GetSecure(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-bool GetCurrentSlot(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-bool GetSlotCount(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-bool GetSlotSuccessful(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-bool GetSlotUnbootable(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-bool GetMaxDownloadSize(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-bool GetUnlocked(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-bool GetHasSlot(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-bool GetPartitionSize(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-bool GetPartitionIsLogical(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-bool GetIsUserspace(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+bool GetVersion(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* message);
+bool GetBootloaderVersion(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                          std::string* message);
+bool GetBasebandVersion(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                        std::string* message);
+bool GetProduct(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* message);
+bool GetSerial(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* message);
+bool GetSecure(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* message);
+bool GetCurrentSlot(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                    std::string* message);
+bool GetSlotCount(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                  std::string* message);
+bool GetSlotSuccessful(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                       std::string* message);
+bool GetSlotUnbootable(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                       std::string* message);
+bool GetMaxDownloadSize(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                        std::string* message);
+bool GetUnlocked(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                 std::string* message);
+bool GetHasSlot(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* message);
+bool GetPartitionSize(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                      std::string* message);
+bool GetPartitionType(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                      std::string* message);
+bool GetPartitionIsLogical(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                           std::string* message);
+bool GetIsUserspace(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                    std::string* message);
+bool GetHardwareRevision(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                         std::string* message);
+bool GetVariant(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* message);
+bool GetOffModeChargeState(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                           std::string* message);
+bool GetBatteryVoltage(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                       std::string* message);
+bool GetBatterySoCOk(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                     std::string* message);
+bool GetSuperPartitionName(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                           std::string* message);
+
+// Helpers for getvar all.
+std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> GetAllPartitionArgsWithSlot(FastbootDevice* device);
+std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> GetAllPartitionArgsNoSlot(FastbootDevice* device);
diff --git a/fastboot/engine.cpp b/fastboot/engine.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6a52b12..0000000
--- a/fastboot/engine.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,397 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
- *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- *    distribution.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
- * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
- * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
- * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
- * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
- * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
- * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
- * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-#include "engine.h"
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-
-#include "constants.h"
-#include "transport.h"
-
-enum Op {
-    OP_DOWNLOAD,
-    OP_COMMAND,
-    OP_QUERY,
-    OP_NOTICE,
-    OP_DOWNLOAD_SPARSE,
-    OP_WAIT_FOR_DISCONNECT,
-    OP_DOWNLOAD_FD,
-    OP_UPLOAD,
-};
-
-struct Action {
-    Action(Op op, const std::string& cmd) : op(op), cmd(cmd) {}
-
-    Op op;
-    std::string cmd;
-    std::string msg;
-
-    std::string product;
-
-    void* data = nullptr;
-    // The protocol only supports 32-bit sizes, so you'll have to break
-    // anything larger into multiple chunks.
-    uint32_t size = 0;
-
-    int fd = -1;
-
-    int (*func)(Action& a, int status, const char* resp) = nullptr;
-
-    double start = -1;
-};
-
-static std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Action>> action_list;
-static fastboot::FastBootDriver* fb = nullptr;
-
-static constexpr char kStatusFormat[] = "%-50s ";
-
-void fb_init(fastboot::FastBootDriver& fbi) {
-    fb = &fbi;
-    auto cb = [](std::string& info) { fprintf(stderr, "(bootloader) %s\n", info.c_str()); };
-    fb->SetInfoCallback(cb);
-}
-
-void fb_reinit(Transport* transport) {
-    fb->set_transport(transport);
-}
-
-const std::string fb_get_error() {
-    return fb->Error();
-}
-
-bool fb_getvar(const std::string& key, std::string* value) {
-    return !fb->GetVar(key, value);
-}
-
-static int cb_default(Action& a, int status, const char* resp) {
-    if (status) {
-        fprintf(stderr,"FAILED (%s)\n", resp);
-    } else {
-        double split = now();
-        fprintf(stderr, "OKAY [%7.3fs]\n", (split - a.start));
-        a.start = split;
-    }
-    return status;
-}
-
-static Action& queue_action(Op op, const std::string& cmd) {
-    std::unique_ptr<Action> a{new Action(op, cmd)};
-    a->func = cb_default;
-
-    action_list.push_back(std::move(a));
-    return *action_list.back();
-}
-
-void fb_set_active(const std::string& slot) {
-    Action& a = queue_action(OP_COMMAND, FB_CMD_SET_ACTIVE ":" + slot);
-    a.msg = "Setting current slot to '" + slot + "'";
-}
-
-void fb_queue_erase(const std::string& partition) {
-    Action& a = queue_action(OP_COMMAND, FB_CMD_ERASE ":" + partition);
-    a.msg = "Erasing '" + partition + "'";
-}
-
-void fb_queue_flash_fd(const std::string& partition, int fd, uint32_t sz) {
-    Action& a = queue_action(OP_DOWNLOAD_FD, "");
-    a.fd = fd;
-    a.size = sz;
-    a.msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Sending '%s' (%u KB)", partition.c_str(), sz / 1024);
-
-    Action& b = queue_action(OP_COMMAND, FB_CMD_FLASH ":" + partition);
-    b.msg = "Writing '" + partition + "'";
-}
-
-void fb_queue_flash(const std::string& partition, void* data, uint32_t sz) {
-    Action& a = queue_action(OP_DOWNLOAD, "");
-    a.data = data;
-    a.size = sz;
-    a.msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Sending '%s' (%u KB)", partition.c_str(), sz / 1024);
-
-    Action& b = queue_action(OP_COMMAND, FB_CMD_FLASH ":" + partition);
-    b.msg = "Writing '" + partition + "'";
-}
-
-void fb_queue_flash_sparse(const std::string& partition, struct sparse_file* s, uint32_t sz,
-                           size_t current, size_t total) {
-    Action& a = queue_action(OP_DOWNLOAD_SPARSE, "");
-    a.data = s;
-    a.size = 0;
-    a.msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Sending sparse '%s' %zu/%zu (%u KB)", partition.c_str(),
-                                        current, total, sz / 1024);
-
-    Action& b = queue_action(OP_COMMAND, FB_CMD_FLASH ":" + partition);
-    b.msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Writing sparse '%s' %zu/%zu", partition.c_str(), current,
-                                        total);
-}
-
-void fb_queue_create_partition(const std::string& partition, const std::string& size) {
-    Action& a = queue_action(OP_COMMAND, FB_CMD_CREATE_PARTITION ":" + partition + ":" + size);
-    a.msg = "Creating '" + partition + "'";
-}
-
-void fb_queue_delete_partition(const std::string& partition) {
-    Action& a = queue_action(OP_COMMAND, FB_CMD_DELETE_PARTITION ":" + partition);
-    a.msg = "Deleting '" + partition + "'";
-}
-
-void fb_queue_resize_partition(const std::string& partition, const std::string& size) {
-    Action& a = queue_action(OP_COMMAND, FB_CMD_RESIZE_PARTITION ":" + partition + ":" + size);
-    a.msg = "Resizing '" + partition + "'";
-}
-
-static int match(const char* str, const char** value, unsigned count) {
-    unsigned n;
-
-    for (n = 0; n < count; n++) {
-        const char *val = value[n];
-        int len = strlen(val);
-        int match;
-
-        if ((len > 1) && (val[len-1] == '*')) {
-            len--;
-            match = !strncmp(val, str, len);
-        } else {
-            match = !strcmp(val, str);
-        }
-
-        if (match) return 1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int cb_check(Action& a, int status, const char* resp, int invert) {
-    const char** value = reinterpret_cast<const char**>(a.data);
-    unsigned count = a.size;
-    unsigned n;
-
-    if (status) {
-        fprintf(stderr,"FAILED (%s)\n", resp);
-        return status;
-    }
-
-    if (!a.product.empty()) {
-        if (a.product != cur_product) {
-            double split = now();
-            fprintf(stderr, "IGNORE, product is %s required only for %s [%7.3fs]\n", cur_product,
-                    a.product.c_str(), (split - a.start));
-            a.start = split;
-            return 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    int yes = match(resp, value, count);
-    if (invert) yes = !yes;
-
-    if (yes) {
-        double split = now();
-        fprintf(stderr, "OKAY [%7.3fs]\n", (split - a.start));
-        a.start = split;
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    fprintf(stderr, "FAILED\n\n");
-    fprintf(stderr, "Device %s is '%s'.\n", a.cmd.c_str() + 7, resp);
-    fprintf(stderr, "Update %s '%s'", invert ? "rejects" : "requires", value[0]);
-    for (n = 1; n < count; n++) {
-        fprintf(stderr, " or '%s'", value[n]);
-    }
-    fprintf(stderr, ".\n\n");
-    return -1;
-}
-
-static int cb_require(Action& a, int status, const char* resp) {
-    return cb_check(a, status, resp, 0);
-}
-
-static int cb_reject(Action& a, int status, const char* resp) {
-    return cb_check(a, status, resp, 1);
-}
-
-void fb_queue_require(const std::string& product, const std::string& var, bool invert,
-                      size_t nvalues, const char** values) {
-    Action& a = queue_action(OP_QUERY, FB_CMD_GETVAR ":" + var);
-    a.product = product;
-    a.data = values;
-    a.size = nvalues;
-    a.msg = "Checking " + var;
-    a.func = invert ? cb_reject : cb_require;
-    if (a.data == nullptr) die("out of memory");
-}
-
-static int cb_display(Action& a, int status, const char* resp) {
-    if (status) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s FAILED (%s)\n", a.cmd.c_str(), resp);
-        return status;
-    }
-    fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", static_cast<const char*>(a.data), resp);
-    free(static_cast<char*>(a.data));
-    return 0;
-}
-
-void fb_queue_display(const std::string& label, const std::string& var) {
-    Action& a = queue_action(OP_QUERY, FB_CMD_GETVAR ":" + var);
-    a.data = xstrdup(label.c_str());
-    a.func = cb_display;
-}
-
-static int cb_save(Action& a, int status, const char* resp) {
-    if (status) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s FAILED (%s)\n", a.cmd.c_str(), resp);
-        return status;
-    }
-    strncpy(reinterpret_cast<char*>(a.data), resp, a.size);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-void fb_queue_query_save(const std::string& var, char* dest, uint32_t dest_size) {
-    Action& a = queue_action(OP_QUERY, FB_CMD_GETVAR ":" + var);
-    a.data = dest;
-    a.size = dest_size;
-    a.func = cb_save;
-}
-
-static int cb_do_nothing(Action&, int, const char*) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-    return 0;
-}
-
-void fb_queue_reboot() {
-    Action& a = queue_action(OP_COMMAND, FB_CMD_REBOOT);
-    a.func = cb_do_nothing;
-    a.msg = "Rebooting";
-}
-
-void fb_queue_command(const std::string& cmd, const std::string& msg) {
-    Action& a = queue_action(OP_COMMAND, cmd);
-    a.msg = msg;
-}
-
-void fb_queue_download(const std::string& name, void* data, uint32_t size) {
-    Action& a = queue_action(OP_DOWNLOAD, "");
-    a.data = data;
-    a.size = size;
-    a.msg = "Downloading '" + name + "'";
-}
-
-void fb_queue_download_fd(const std::string& name, int fd, uint32_t sz) {
-    Action& a = queue_action(OP_DOWNLOAD_FD, "");
-    a.fd = fd;
-    a.size = sz;
-    a.msg = android::base::StringPrintf("Sending '%s' (%u KB)", name.c_str(), sz / 1024);
-}
-
-void fb_queue_upload(const std::string& outfile) {
-    Action& a = queue_action(OP_UPLOAD, "");
-    a.data = xstrdup(outfile.c_str());
-    a.msg = "Uploading '" + outfile + "'";
-}
-
-void fb_queue_notice(const std::string& notice) {
-    Action& a = queue_action(OP_NOTICE, "");
-    a.msg = notice;
-}
-
-void fb_queue_wait_for_disconnect() {
-    queue_action(OP_WAIT_FOR_DISCONNECT, "");
-}
-
-int64_t fb_execute_queue() {
-    int64_t status = 0;
-    for (auto& a : action_list) {
-        a->start = now();
-        if (!a->msg.empty()) {
-            fprintf(stderr, kStatusFormat, a->msg.c_str());
-            verbose("\n");
-        }
-        if (a->op == OP_DOWNLOAD) {
-            char* cbuf = static_cast<char*>(a->data);
-            status = fb->Download(cbuf, a->size);
-            status = a->func(*a, status, status ? fb_get_error().c_str() : "");
-            if (status) break;
-        } else if (a->op == OP_DOWNLOAD_FD) {
-            status = fb->Download(a->fd, a->size);
-            status = a->func(*a, status, status ? fb_get_error().c_str() : "");
-            if (status) break;
-        } else if (a->op == OP_COMMAND) {
-            status = fb->RawCommand(a->cmd);
-            status = a->func(*a, status, status ? fb_get_error().c_str() : "");
-            if (status) break;
-        } else if (a->op == OP_QUERY) {
-            std::string resp;
-            status = fb->RawCommand(a->cmd, &resp);
-            status = a->func(*a, status, status ? fb_get_error().c_str() : resp.c_str());
-            if (status) break;
-        } else if (a->op == OP_NOTICE) {
-            // We already showed the notice because it's in `Action::msg`.
-            fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-        } else if (a->op == OP_DOWNLOAD_SPARSE) {
-            status = fb->Download(reinterpret_cast<sparse_file*>(a->data));
-            status = a->func(*a, status, status ? fb_get_error().c_str() : "");
-            if (status) break;
-        } else if (a->op == OP_WAIT_FOR_DISCONNECT) {
-            fb->WaitForDisconnect();
-        } else if (a->op == OP_UPLOAD) {
-            status = fb->Upload(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(a->data));
-            status = a->func(*a, status, status ? fb_get_error().c_str() : "");
-        } else {
-            die("unknown action: %d", a->op);
-        }
-    }
-    action_list.clear();
-    return status;
-}
-
-bool fb_reboot_to_userspace() {
-    // First ensure that the queue is flushed.
-    fb_execute_queue();
-
-    fprintf(stderr, kStatusFormat, "Rebooting to userspace fastboot");
-    verbose("\n");
-
-    if (fb->RebootTo("fastboot") != fastboot::RetCode::SUCCESS) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "FAILED (%s)\n", fb->Error().c_str());
-        return false;
-    }
-    fprintf(stderr, "OKAY\n");
-
-    fb->set_transport(nullptr);
-    return true;
-}
diff --git a/fastboot/engine.h b/fastboot/engine.h
deleted file mode 100644
index f098ca7..0000000
--- a/fastboot/engine.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
- *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- *    distribution.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
- * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
- * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
- * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
- * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
- * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
- * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
- * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-#include <string>
-
-#include <bootimg.h>
-#include "fastboot_driver.h"
-#include "util.h"
-
-#include "constants.h"
-
-class Transport;
-struct sparse_file;
-
-const std::string fb_get_error();
-
-//#define FB_COMMAND_SZ (fastboot::FB_COMMAND_SZ)
-//#define FB_RESPONSE_SZ (fastboot::FB_RESPONSE_SZ)
-
-/* engine.c - high level command queue engine */
-
-void fb_init(fastboot::FastBootDriver& fbi);
-void fb_reinit(Transport* transport);
-
-bool fb_getvar(const std::string& key, std::string* value);
-void fb_queue_flash(const std::string& partition, void* data, uint32_t sz);
-void fb_queue_flash_fd(const std::string& partition, int fd, uint32_t sz);
-void fb_queue_flash_sparse(const std::string& partition, struct sparse_file* s, uint32_t sz,
-                           size_t current, size_t total);
-void fb_queue_erase(const std::string& partition);
-void fb_queue_format(const std::string& partition, int skip_if_not_supported, int32_t max_chunk_sz);
-void fb_queue_require(const std::string& prod, const std::string& var, bool invert, size_t nvalues,
-                      const char** values);
-void fb_queue_display(const std::string& label, const std::string& var);
-void fb_queue_query_save(const std::string& var, char* dest, uint32_t dest_size);
-void fb_queue_reboot(void);
-void fb_queue_command(const std::string& cmd, const std::string& msg);
-void fb_queue_download(const std::string& name, void* data, uint32_t size);
-void fb_queue_download_fd(const std::string& name, int fd, uint32_t sz);
-void fb_queue_upload(const std::string& outfile);
-void fb_queue_notice(const std::string& notice);
-void fb_queue_wait_for_disconnect(void);
-void fb_queue_create_partition(const std::string& partition, const std::string& size);
-void fb_queue_delete_partition(const std::string& partition);
-void fb_queue_resize_partition(const std::string& partition, const std::string& size);
-int64_t fb_execute_queue();
-void fb_set_active(const std::string& slot);
-bool fb_reboot_to_userspace();
-
-/* Current product */
-extern char cur_product[FB_RESPONSE_SZ + 1];
-
-class FastBootTool {
-  public:
-    int Main(int argc, char* argv[]);
-
-    void ParseOsPatchLevel(boot_img_hdr_v1*, const char*);
-    void ParseOsVersion(boot_img_hdr_v1*, const char*);
-};
diff --git a/fastboot/fastboot.cpp b/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
index 2887d3b..d753f0f 100644
--- a/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  */
 
+#include "fastboot.h"
+
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -43,6 +45,8 @@
 
 #include <chrono>
 #include <functional>
+#include <regex>
+#include <string>
 #include <thread>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
@@ -53,29 +57,29 @@
 #include <android-base/parsenetaddress.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <build/version.h>
+#include <liblp/liblp.h>
 #include <platform_tools_version.h>
 #include <sparse/sparse.h>
 #include <ziparchive/zip_archive.h>
 
 #include "bootimg_utils.h"
+#include "constants.h"
 #include "diagnose_usb.h"
-#include "engine.h"
+#include "fastboot_driver.h"
 #include "fs.h"
 #include "tcp.h"
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "udp.h"
 #include "usb.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
+using android::base::ReadFully;
+using android::base::Split;
+using android::base::Trim;
 using android::base::unique_fd;
-
-#ifndef O_BINARY
-#define O_BINARY 0
-#endif
-
-char cur_product[FB_RESPONSE_SZ + 1];
+using namespace std::string_literals;
 
 static const char* serial = nullptr;
 
@@ -96,6 +100,8 @@
 
 static const std::string convert_fbe_marker_filename("convert_fbe");
 
+fastboot::FastBootDriver* fb = nullptr;
+
 enum fb_buffer_type {
     FB_BUFFER_FD,
     FB_BUFFER_SPARSE,
@@ -148,14 +154,27 @@
     { nullptr,    "system_other.img", "system.sig",   "system",   true,  ImageType::Normal },
     { "userdata", "userdata.img",     "userdata.sig", "userdata", true,  ImageType::Extra },
     { "vbmeta",   "vbmeta.img",       "vbmeta.sig",   "vbmeta",   true,  ImageType::BootCritical },
+    { "vbmeta_system",
+                  "vbmeta_system.img",
+                                      "vbmeta_system.sig",
+                                                      "vbmeta_system",
+                                                                  true,  ImageType::BootCritical },
     { "vendor",   "vendor.img",       "vendor.sig",   "vendor",   true,  ImageType::Normal },
     { nullptr,    "vendor_other.img", "vendor.sig",   "vendor",   true,  ImageType::Normal },
         // clang-format on
 };
 
-static std::string find_item_given_name(const std::string& img_name) {
+static char* get_android_product_out() {
     char* dir = getenv("ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT");
     if (dir == nullptr || dir[0] == '\0') {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return dir;
+}
+
+static std::string find_item_given_name(const std::string& img_name) {
+    char* dir = get_android_product_out();
+    if (!dir) {
         die("ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT not set");
     }
     return std::string(dir) + "/" + img_name;
@@ -172,40 +191,46 @@
     return "";
 }
 
+double last_start_time;
+
+static void Status(const std::string& message) {
+    static constexpr char kStatusFormat[] = "%-50s ";
+    fprintf(stderr, kStatusFormat, message.c_str());
+    last_start_time = now();
+}
+
+static void Epilog(int status) {
+    if (status) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "FAILED (%s)\n", fb->Error().c_str());
+        die("Command failed");
+    } else {
+        double split = now();
+        fprintf(stderr, "OKAY [%7.3fs]\n", (split - last_start_time));
+    }
+}
+
+static void InfoMessage(const std::string& info) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "(bootloader) %s\n", info.c_str());
+}
+
 static int64_t get_file_size(int fd) {
     struct stat sb;
-    return fstat(fd, &sb) == -1 ? -1 : sb.st_size;
+    if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1) {
+        die("could not get file size");
+    }
+    return sb.st_size;
 }
 
-static void* load_fd(int fd, int64_t* sz) {
-    int errno_tmp;
-    char* data = nullptr;
+bool ReadFileToVector(const std::string& file, std::vector<char>* out) {
+    out->clear();
 
-    *sz = get_file_size(fd);
-    if (*sz < 0) {
-        goto oops;
+    unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(file.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_BINARY)));
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        return false;
     }
 
-    data = (char*) malloc(*sz);
-    if (data == nullptr) goto oops;
-
-    if(read(fd, data, *sz) != *sz) goto oops;
-    close(fd);
-
-    return data;
-
-oops:
-    errno_tmp = errno;
-    close(fd);
-    if(data != 0) free(data);
-    errno = errno_tmp;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static void* load_file(const std::string& path, int64_t* sz) {
-    int fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
-    if (fd == -1) return nullptr;
-    return load_fd(fd, sz);
+    out->resize(get_file_size(fd));
+    return ReadFully(fd, out->data(), out->size());
 }
 
 static int match_fastboot_with_serial(usb_ifc_info* info, const char* local_serial) {
@@ -362,6 +387,7 @@
             "                            Format a flash partition.\n"
             " set_active SLOT            Set the active slot.\n"
             " oem [COMMAND...]           Execute OEM-specific command.\n"
+            " gsi wipe|disable           Wipe or disable a GSI installation (fastbootd only).\n"
             "\n"
             "boot image:\n"
             " boot KERNEL [RAMDISK [SECOND]]\n"
@@ -393,6 +419,7 @@
             " -s SERIAL                  Specify a USB device.\n"
             " -s tcp|udp:HOST[:PORT]     Specify a network device.\n"
             " -S SIZE[K|M|G]             Break into sparse files no larger than SIZE.\n"
+            " --force                    Force a flash operation that may be unsafe.\n"
             " --slot SLOT                Use SLOT; 'all' for both slots, 'other' for\n"
             "                            non-current slot (default: current active slot).\n"
             " --set-active[=SLOT]        Sets the active slot before rebooting.\n"
@@ -413,70 +440,71 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void* load_bootable_image(const std::string& kernel, const std::string& ramdisk,
-                                 const std::string& second_stage, int64_t* sz) {
-    int64_t ksize;
-    void* kdata = load_file(kernel.c_str(), &ksize);
-    if (kdata == nullptr) die("cannot load '%s': %s", kernel.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+static std::vector<char> LoadBootableImage(const std::string& kernel, const std::string& ramdisk,
+                                           const std::string& second_stage) {
+    std::vector<char> kernel_data;
+    if (!ReadFileToVector(kernel, &kernel_data)) {
+        die("cannot load '%s': %s", kernel.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+    }
 
     // Is this actually a boot image?
-    if (ksize < static_cast<int64_t>(sizeof(boot_img_hdr_v1))) {
+    if (kernel_data.size() < sizeof(boot_img_hdr_v1)) {
         die("cannot load '%s': too short", kernel.c_str());
     }
-    if (!memcmp(kdata, BOOT_MAGIC, BOOT_MAGIC_SIZE)) {
+    if (!memcmp(kernel_data.data(), BOOT_MAGIC, BOOT_MAGIC_SIZE)) {
         if (!g_cmdline.empty()) {
-            bootimg_set_cmdline(reinterpret_cast<boot_img_hdr_v1*>(kdata), g_cmdline);
+            bootimg_set_cmdline(reinterpret_cast<boot_img_hdr_v1*>(kernel_data.data()), g_cmdline);
         }
 
         if (!ramdisk.empty()) die("cannot boot a boot.img *and* ramdisk");
 
-        *sz = ksize;
-        return kdata;
+        return kernel_data;
     }
 
-    void* rdata = nullptr;
-    int64_t rsize = 0;
+    std::vector<char> ramdisk_data;
     if (!ramdisk.empty()) {
-        rdata = load_file(ramdisk.c_str(), &rsize);
-        if (rdata == nullptr) die("cannot load '%s': %s", ramdisk.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+        if (!ReadFileToVector(ramdisk, &ramdisk_data)) {
+            die("cannot load '%s': %s", ramdisk.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+        }
     }
 
-    void* sdata = nullptr;
-    int64_t ssize = 0;
+    std::vector<char> second_stage_data;
     if (!second_stage.empty()) {
-        sdata = load_file(second_stage.c_str(), &ssize);
-        if (sdata == nullptr) die("cannot load '%s': %s", second_stage.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+        if (!ReadFileToVector(second_stage, &second_stage_data)) {
+            die("cannot load '%s': %s", second_stage.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+        }
     }
-
     fprintf(stderr,"creating boot image...\n");
-    boot_img_hdr_v1* bdata = mkbootimg(kdata, ksize, rdata, rsize, sdata, ssize,
-                                       g_base_addr, g_boot_img_hdr, sz);
-    if (bdata == nullptr) die("failed to create boot.img");
 
-    if (!g_cmdline.empty()) bootimg_set_cmdline(bdata, g_cmdline);
-    fprintf(stderr, "creating boot image - %" PRId64 " bytes\n", *sz);
+    std::vector<char> out;
+    boot_img_hdr_v1* boot_image_data = mkbootimg(kernel_data, ramdisk_data, second_stage_data,
+                                                 g_base_addr, g_boot_img_hdr, &out);
 
-    return bdata;
+    if (!g_cmdline.empty()) bootimg_set_cmdline(boot_image_data, g_cmdline);
+    fprintf(stderr, "creating boot image - %zu bytes\n", out.size());
+
+    return out;
 }
 
-static void* unzip_to_memory(ZipArchiveHandle zip, const char* entry_name, int64_t* sz) {
-    ZipString zip_entry_name(entry_name);
+static bool UnzipToMemory(ZipArchiveHandle zip, const std::string& entry_name,
+                          std::vector<char>* out) {
+    ZipString zip_entry_name(entry_name.c_str());
     ZipEntry zip_entry;
     if (FindEntry(zip, zip_entry_name, &zip_entry) != 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "archive does not contain '%s'\n", entry_name);
-        return nullptr;
+        fprintf(stderr, "archive does not contain '%s'\n", entry_name.c_str());
+        return false;
     }
 
-    *sz = zip_entry.uncompressed_length;
+    out->resize(zip_entry.uncompressed_length);
 
-    fprintf(stderr, "extracting %s (%" PRId64 " MB) to RAM...\n", entry_name, *sz / 1024 / 1024);
-    uint8_t* data = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(malloc(zip_entry.uncompressed_length));
-    if (data == nullptr) die("failed to allocate %" PRId64 " bytes for '%s'", *sz, entry_name);
+    fprintf(stderr, "extracting %s (%zu MB) to RAM...\n", entry_name.c_str(),
+            out->size() / 1024 / 1024);
 
-    int error = ExtractToMemory(zip, &zip_entry, data, zip_entry.uncompressed_length);
-    if (error != 0) die("failed to extract '%s': %s", entry_name, ErrorCodeString(error));
+    int error = ExtractToMemory(zip, &zip_entry, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(out->data()),
+                                out->size());
+    if (error != 0) die("failed to extract '%s': %s", entry_name.c_str(), ErrorCodeString(error));
 
-    return data;
+    return true;
 }
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
@@ -597,120 +625,168 @@
     return fd.release();
 }
 
-static char* strip(char* s) {
-    while (*s && isspace(*s)) s++;
+static void CheckRequirement(const std::string& cur_product, const std::string& var,
+                             const std::string& product, bool invert,
+                             const std::vector<std::string>& options) {
+    Status("Checking '" + var + "'");
 
-    int n = strlen(s);
-    while (n-- > 0) {
-        if (!isspace(s[n])) break;
-        s[n] = 0;
+    double start = now();
+
+    if (!product.empty()) {
+        if (product != cur_product) {
+            double split = now();
+            fprintf(stderr, "IGNORE, product is %s required only for %s [%7.3fs]\n",
+                    cur_product.c_str(), product.c_str(), (split - start));
+            return;
+        }
     }
-    return s;
+
+    std::string var_value;
+    if (fb->GetVar(var, &var_value) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "FAILED\n\n");
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not getvar for '%s' (%s)\n\n", var.c_str(),
+                fb->Error().c_str());
+        die("requirements not met!");
+    }
+
+    bool match = false;
+    for (const auto& option : options) {
+        if (option == var_value || (option.back() == '*' &&
+                                    !var_value.compare(0, option.length() - 1, option, 0,
+                                                       option.length() - 1))) {
+            match = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (invert) {
+        match = !match;
+    }
+
+    if (match) {
+        double split = now();
+        fprintf(stderr, "OKAY [%7.3fs]\n", (split - start));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "FAILED\n\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "Device %s is '%s'.\n", var.c_str(), var_value.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "Update %s '%s'", invert ? "rejects" : "requires", options[0].c_str());
+    for (auto it = std::next(options.begin()); it != options.end(); ++it) {
+        fprintf(stderr, " or '%s'", it->c_str());
+    }
+    fprintf(stderr, ".\n\n");
+    die("requirements not met!");
 }
 
-#define MAX_OPTIONS 32
-static void check_requirement(char* line) {
-    char *val[MAX_OPTIONS];
-    unsigned count;
-    char *x;
-    int invert = 0;
-
+bool ParseRequirementLine(const std::string& line, std::string* name, std::string* product,
+                          bool* invert, std::vector<std::string>* options) {
     // "require product=alpha|beta|gamma"
     // "require version-bootloader=1234"
     // "require-for-product:gamma version-bootloader=istanbul|constantinople"
     // "require partition-exists=vendor"
+    *product = "";
+    *invert = false;
 
-    char* name = line;
-    const char* product = "";
-    if (!strncmp(name, "reject ", 7)) {
-        name += 7;
-        invert = 1;
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "require ", 8)) {
-        name += 8;
-        invert = 0;
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "require-for-product:", 20)) {
-        // Get the product and point name past it
-        product = name + 20;
-        name = strchr(name, ' ');
-        if (!name) die("android-info.txt syntax error: %s", line);
-        *name = 0;
-        name += 1;
-        invert = 0;
+    auto require_reject_regex = std::regex{"(require\\s+|reject\\s+)?\\s*(\\S+)\\s*=\\s*(.*)"};
+    auto require_product_regex =
+            std::regex{"require-for-product:\\s*(\\S+)\\s+(\\S+)\\s*=\\s*(.*)"};
+    std::smatch match_results;
+
+    if (std::regex_match(line, match_results, require_reject_regex)) {
+        *invert = Trim(match_results[1]) == "reject";
+    } else if (std::regex_match(line, match_results, require_product_regex)) {
+        *product = match_results[1];
+    } else {
+        return false;
     }
 
-    x = strchr(name, '=');
-    if (x == 0) return;
-    *x = 0;
-    val[0] = x + 1;
+    *name = match_results[2];
+    // Work around an unfortunate name mismatch.
+    if (*name == "board") {
+        *name = "product";
+    }
 
-    name = strip(name);
+    auto raw_options = Split(match_results[3], "|");
+    for (const auto& option : raw_options) {
+        auto trimmed_option = Trim(option);
+        options->emplace_back(trimmed_option);
+    }
 
-    // "require partition-exists=x" is a special case, added because of the trouble we had when
-    // Pixel 2 shipped with new partitions and users used old versions of fastboot to flash them,
-    // missing out new partitions. A device with new partitions can use "partition-exists" to
-    // override the fields `optional_if_no_image` in the `images` array.
-    if (!strcmp(name, "partition-exists")) {
-        const char* partition_name = val[0];
-        std::string has_slot;
-        if (!fb_getvar(std::string("has-slot:") + partition_name, &has_slot) ||
-            (has_slot != "yes" && has_slot != "no")) {
-            die("device doesn't have required partition %s!", partition_name);
+    return true;
+}
+
+// "require partition-exists=x" is a special case, added because of the trouble we had when
+// Pixel 2 shipped with new partitions and users used old versions of fastboot to flash them,
+// missing out new partitions. A device with new partitions can use "partition-exists" to
+// override the fields `optional_if_no_image` in the `images` array.
+static void HandlePartitionExists(const std::vector<std::string>& options) {
+    const std::string& partition_name = options[0];
+    std::string has_slot;
+    if (fb->GetVar("has-slot:" + partition_name, &has_slot) != fastboot::SUCCESS ||
+        (has_slot != "yes" && has_slot != "no")) {
+        die("device doesn't have required partition %s!", partition_name.c_str());
+    }
+    bool known_partition = false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(images); ++i) {
+        if (images[i].nickname && images[i].nickname == partition_name) {
+            images[i].optional_if_no_image = false;
+            known_partition = true;
         }
-        bool known_partition = false;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(images); ++i) {
-            if (images[i].nickname && !strcmp(images[i].nickname, partition_name)) {
-                images[i].optional_if_no_image = false;
-                known_partition = true;
-            }
+    }
+    if (!known_partition) {
+        die("device requires partition %s which is not known to this version of fastboot",
+            partition_name.c_str());
+    }
+}
+
+static void CheckRequirements(const std::string& data) {
+    std::string cur_product;
+    if (fb->GetVar("product", &cur_product) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "getvar:product FAILED (%s)\n", fb->Error().c_str());
+    }
+
+    auto lines = Split(data, "\n");
+    for (const auto& line : lines) {
+        if (line.empty()) {
+            continue;
         }
-        if (!known_partition) {
-            die("device requires partition %s which is not known to this version of fastboot",
-                partition_name);
+
+        std::string name;
+        std::string product;
+        bool invert;
+        std::vector<std::string> options;
+
+        if (!ParseRequirementLine(line, &name, &product, &invert, &options)) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "android-info.txt syntax error: %s\n", line.c_str());
+            continue;
         }
+        if (name == "partition-exists") {
+            HandlePartitionExists(options);
+        } else {
+            CheckRequirement(cur_product, name, product, invert, options);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void DisplayVarOrError(const std::string& label, const std::string& var) {
+    std::string value;
+
+    if (fb->GetVar(var, &value) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
+        Status("getvar:" + var);
+        fprintf(stderr, "FAILED (%s)\n", fb->Error().c_str());
         return;
     }
-
-    for(count = 1; count < MAX_OPTIONS; count++) {
-        x = strchr(val[count - 1],'|');
-        if (x == 0) break;
-        *x = 0;
-        val[count] = x + 1;
-    }
-
-    // Work around an unfortunate name mismatch.
-    const char* var = name;
-    if (!strcmp(name, "board")) var = "product";
-
-    const char** out = reinterpret_cast<const char**>(malloc(sizeof(char*) * count));
-    if (out == nullptr) die("out of memory");
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-        out[i] = xstrdup(strip(val[i]));
-    }
-
-    fb_queue_require(product, var, invert, count, out);
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", label.c_str(), value.c_str());
 }
 
-static void check_requirements(char* data, int64_t sz) {
-    char* s = data;
-    while (sz-- > 0) {
-        if (*s == '\n') {
-            *s++ = 0;
-            check_requirement(data);
-            data = s;
-        } else {
-            s++;
-        }
-    }
-    if (fb_execute_queue()) die("requirements not met!");
-}
+static void DumpInfo() {
+    fprintf(stderr, "--------------------------------------------\n");
+    DisplayVarOrError("Bootloader Version...", "version-bootloader");
+    DisplayVarOrError("Baseband Version.....", "version-baseband");
+    DisplayVarOrError("Serial Number........", "serialno");
+    fprintf(stderr, "--------------------------------------------\n");
 
-static void queue_info_dump() {
-    fb_queue_notice("--------------------------------------------");
-    fb_queue_display("Bootloader Version...", "version-bootloader");
-    fb_queue_display("Baseband Version.....", "version-baseband");
-    fb_queue_display("Serial Number........", "serialno");
-    fb_queue_notice("--------------------------------------------");
 }
 
 static struct sparse_file** load_sparse_files(int fd, int64_t max_size) {
@@ -735,7 +811,7 @@
 
 static int64_t get_target_sparse_limit() {
     std::string max_download_size;
-    if (!fb_getvar("max-download-size", &max_download_size) ||
+    if (fb->GetVar("max-download-size", &max_download_size) != fastboot::SUCCESS ||
         max_download_size.empty()) {
         verbose("target didn't report max-download-size");
         return 0;
@@ -788,7 +864,7 @@
         buf->image_size = sz;
     }
 
-    lseek64(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
+    lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
     int64_t limit = get_sparse_limit(sz);
     if (limit) {
         sparse_file** s = load_sparse_files(fd, limit);
@@ -883,12 +959,12 @@
 
             for (size_t i = 0; i < sparse_files.size(); ++i) {
                 const auto& pair = sparse_files[i];
-                fb_queue_flash_sparse(partition, pair.first, pair.second, i + 1, sparse_files.size());
+                fb->FlashPartition(partition, pair.first, pair.second, i + 1, sparse_files.size());
             }
             break;
         }
         case FB_BUFFER_FD:
-            fb_queue_flash_fd(partition, buf->fd, buf->sz);
+            fb->FlashPartition(partition, buf->fd, buf->sz);
             break;
         default:
             die("unknown buffer type: %d", buf->type);
@@ -897,14 +973,15 @@
 
 static std::string get_current_slot() {
     std::string current_slot;
-    if (!fb_getvar("current-slot", &current_slot)) return "";
+    if (fb->GetVar("current-slot", &current_slot) != fastboot::SUCCESS) return "";
     return current_slot;
 }
 
 static int get_slot_count() {
     std::string var;
     int count = 0;
-    if (!fb_getvar("slot-count", &var) || !android::base::ParseInt(var, &count)) {
+    if (fb->GetVar("slot-count", &var) != fastboot::SUCCESS ||
+        !android::base::ParseInt(var, &count)) {
         return 0;
     }
     return count;
@@ -979,7 +1056,7 @@
     std::string has_slot;
     std::string current_slot;
 
-    if (!fb_getvar("has-slot:" + part, &has_slot)) {
+    if (fb->GetVar("has-slot:" + part, &has_slot) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
         /* If has-slot is not supported, the answer is no. */
         has_slot = "no";
     }
@@ -1012,7 +1089,7 @@
     std::string has_slot;
 
     if (slot == "all") {
-        if (!fb_getvar("has-slot:" + part, &has_slot)) {
+        if (fb->GetVar("has-slot:" + part, &has_slot) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
             die("Could not check if partition %s has slot %s", part.c_str(), slot.c_str());
         }
         if (has_slot == "yes") {
@@ -1027,12 +1104,28 @@
     }
 }
 
+static bool is_logical(const std::string& partition) {
+    std::string value;
+    return fb->GetVar("is-logical:" + partition, &value) == fastboot::SUCCESS && value == "yes";
+}
+
+static bool is_retrofit_device() {
+    std::string value;
+    if (fb->GetVar("super-partition-name", &value) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return android::base::StartsWith(value, "system_");
+}
+
 static void do_flash(const char* pname, const char* fname) {
     struct fastboot_buffer buf;
 
     if (!load_buf(fname, &buf)) {
         die("cannot load '%s': %s", fname, strerror(errno));
     }
+    if (is_logical(pname)) {
+        fb->ResizePartition(pname, std::to_string(buf.image_size));
+    }
     flash_buf(pname, &buf);
 }
 
@@ -1042,58 +1135,39 @@
     if (!supports_AB()) return;
 
     if (slot_override != "") {
-        fb_set_active(slot_override);
+        fb->SetActive(slot_override);
     } else {
         std::string current_slot = get_current_slot();
         if (current_slot != "") {
-            fb_set_active(current_slot);
+            fb->SetActive(current_slot);
         }
     }
 }
 
 static bool is_userspace_fastboot() {
     std::string value;
-    return fb_getvar("is-userspace", &value) && value == "yes";
-}
-
-static bool if_partition_exists(const std::string& partition, const std::string& slot) {
-    std::string has_slot;
-    std::string partition_name = partition;
-
-    if (fb_getvar("has-slot:" + partition, &has_slot) && has_slot == "yes") {
-        if (slot == "") {
-            std::string current_slot = get_current_slot();
-            if (current_slot == "") {
-                die("Failed to identify current slot");
-            }
-            partition_name += "_" + current_slot;
-        } else {
-            partition_name += "_" + slot;
-        }
-    }
-    std::string partition_size;
-    return fb_getvar("partition-size:" + partition_name, &partition_size);
-}
-
-static bool is_logical(const std::string& partition) {
-    std::string value;
-    return fb_getvar("is-logical:" + partition, &value) && value == "yes";
+    return fb->GetVar("is-userspace", &value) == fastboot::SUCCESS && value == "yes";
 }
 
 static void reboot_to_userspace_fastboot() {
-    if (!fb_reboot_to_userspace()) {
-        die("Must reboot to userspace fastboot to flash logical partitions");
-    }
+    fb->RebootTo("fastboot");
+
+    auto* old_transport = fb->set_transport(nullptr);
+    delete old_transport;
 
     // Give the current connection time to close.
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1000));
 
-    fb_reinit(open_device());
+    fb->set_transport(open_device());
+
+    if (!is_userspace_fastboot()) {
+        die("Failed to boot into userspace fastboot; one or more components might be unbootable.");
+    }
 }
 
 class ImageSource {
   public:
-    virtual void* ReadFile(const std::string& name, int64_t* size) const = 0;
+    virtual bool ReadFile(const std::string& name, std::vector<char>* out) const = 0;
     virtual int OpenFile(const std::string& name) const = 0;
 };
 
@@ -1129,7 +1203,17 @@
 }
 
 void FlashAllTool::Flash() {
+    DumpInfo();
     CheckRequirements();
+
+    // Change the slot first, so we boot into the correct recovery image when
+    // using fastbootd.
+    if (slot_override_ == "all") {
+        set_active("a");
+    } else {
+        set_active(slot_override_);
+    }
+
     DetermineSecondarySlot();
     CollectImages();
 
@@ -1145,7 +1229,7 @@
     for (const auto& [image, slot] : os_images_) {
         auto resize_partition = [](const std::string& partition) -> void {
             if (is_logical(partition)) {
-                fb_queue_resize_partition(partition, "0");
+                fb->ResizePartition(partition, "0");
             }
         };
         do_for_partitions(image->part_name, slot, resize_partition, false);
@@ -1153,28 +1237,21 @@
 
     // Flash OS images, resizing logical partitions as needed.
     FlashImages(os_images_);
-
-    if (slot_override_ == "all") {
-        set_active("a");
-    } else {
-        set_active(slot_override_);
-    }
 }
 
 void FlashAllTool::CheckRequirements() {
-    int64_t sz;
-    void* data = source_.ReadFile("android-info.txt", &sz);
-    if (data == nullptr) {
+    std::vector<char> contents;
+    if (!source_.ReadFile("android-info.txt", &contents)) {
         die("could not read android-info.txt");
     }
-    check_requirements(reinterpret_cast<char*>(data), sz);
+    ::CheckRequirements({contents.data(), contents.size()});
 }
 
 void FlashAllTool::DetermineSecondarySlot() {
     if (skip_secondary_) {
         return;
     }
-    if (slot_override_ != "") {
+    if (slot_override_ != "" && slot_override_ != "all") {
         secondary_slot_ = get_other_slot(slot_override_);
     } else {
         secondary_slot_ = get_other_slot();
@@ -1220,15 +1297,14 @@
 
 void FlashAllTool::FlashImage(const Image& image, const std::string& slot, fastboot_buffer* buf) {
     auto flash = [&, this](const std::string& partition_name) {
-        int64_t sz;
-        void* data = source_.ReadFile(image.sig_name, &sz);
-        if (data) {
-            fb_queue_download("signature", data, sz);
-            fb_queue_command("signature", "installing signature");
+        std::vector<char> signature_data;
+        if (source_.ReadFile(image.sig_name, &signature_data)) {
+            fb->Download("signature", signature_data);
+            fb->RawCommand("signature", "installing signature");
         }
 
         if (is_logical(partition_name)) {
-            fb_queue_resize_partition(partition_name, std::to_string(buf->image_size));
+            fb->ResizePartition(partition_name, std::to_string(buf->image_size));
         }
         flash_buf(partition_name.c_str(), buf);
     };
@@ -1236,10 +1312,6 @@
 }
 
 void FlashAllTool::UpdateSuperPartition() {
-    if (!if_partition_exists("super", "")) {
-        return;
-    }
-
     int fd = source_.OpenFile("super_empty.img");
     if (fd < 0) {
         return;
@@ -1247,31 +1319,45 @@
     if (!is_userspace_fastboot()) {
         reboot_to_userspace_fastboot();
     }
-    fb_queue_download_fd("super", fd, get_file_size(fd));
 
-    std::string command = "update-super:super";
+    std::string super_name;
+    if (fb->GetVar("super-partition-name", &super_name) != fastboot::RetCode::SUCCESS) {
+        super_name = "super";
+    }
+    fb->Download(super_name, fd, get_file_size(fd));
+
+    std::string command = "update-super:" + super_name;
     if (wipe_) {
         command += ":wipe";
     }
-    fb_queue_command(command, "Updating super partition");
+    fb->RawCommand(command, "Updating super partition");
 
-    // We need these commands to have finished before proceeding, since
-    // otherwise "getvar is-logical" may not return a correct answer below.
-    fb_execute_queue();
+    // Retrofit devices have two super partitions, named super_a and super_b.
+    // On these devices, secondary slots must be flashed as physical
+    // partitions (otherwise they would not mount on first boot). To enforce
+    // this, we delete any logical partitions for the "other" slot.
+    if (is_retrofit_device()) {
+        for (const auto& [image, slot] : os_images_) {
+            std::string partition_name = image->part_name + "_"s + slot;
+            if (image->IsSecondary() && is_logical(partition_name)) {
+                fb->DeletePartition(partition_name);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 class ZipImageSource final : public ImageSource {
   public:
     explicit ZipImageSource(ZipArchiveHandle zip) : zip_(zip) {}
-    void* ReadFile(const std::string& name, int64_t* size) const override;
+    bool ReadFile(const std::string& name, std::vector<char>* out) const override;
     int OpenFile(const std::string& name) const override;
 
   private:
     ZipArchiveHandle zip_;
 };
 
-void* ZipImageSource::ReadFile(const std::string& name, int64_t* size) const {
-    return unzip_to_memory(zip_, name.c_str(), size);
+bool ZipImageSource::ReadFile(const std::string& name, std::vector<char>* out) const {
+    return UnzipToMemory(zip_, name, out);
 }
 
 int ZipImageSource::OpenFile(const std::string& name) const {
@@ -1279,10 +1365,6 @@
 }
 
 static void do_update(const char* filename, const std::string& slot_override, bool skip_secondary) {
-    queue_info_dump();
-
-    fb_queue_query_save("product", cur_product, sizeof(cur_product));
-
     ZipArchiveHandle zip;
     int error = OpenArchive(filename, &zip);
     if (error != 0) {
@@ -1297,16 +1379,16 @@
 
 class LocalImageSource final : public ImageSource {
   public:
-    void* ReadFile(const std::string& name, int64_t* size) const override;
+    bool ReadFile(const std::string& name, std::vector<char>* out) const override;
     int OpenFile(const std::string& name) const override;
 };
 
-void* LocalImageSource::ReadFile(const std::string& name, int64_t* size) const {
+bool LocalImageSource::ReadFile(const std::string& name, std::vector<char>* out) const {
     auto path = find_item_given_name(name);
     if (path.empty()) {
-        return nullptr;
+        return false;
     }
-    return load_file(path.c_str(), size);
+    return ReadFileToVector(path, out);
 }
 
 int LocalImageSource::OpenFile(const std::string& name) const {
@@ -1315,11 +1397,6 @@
 }
 
 static void do_flashall(const std::string& slot_override, bool skip_secondary, bool wipe) {
-    std::string fname;
-    queue_info_dump();
-
-    fb_queue_query_save("product", cur_product, sizeof(cur_product));
-
     FlashAllTool tool(LocalImageSource(), slot_override, skip_secondary, wipe);
     tool.Flash();
 }
@@ -1338,7 +1415,7 @@
     while (!args->empty()) {
         command += " " + next_arg(args);
     }
-    fb_queue_command(command, "");
+    fb->RawCommand(command, "");
 }
 
 static std::string fb_fix_numeric_var(std::string var) {
@@ -1352,7 +1429,7 @@
 
 static unsigned fb_get_flash_block_size(std::string name) {
     std::string sizeString;
-    if (!fb_getvar(name, &sizeString) || sizeString.empty()) {
+    if (fb->GetVar(name, &sizeString) != fastboot::SUCCESS || sizeString.empty()) {
         // This device does not report flash block sizes, so return 0.
         return 0;
     }
@@ -1390,7 +1467,7 @@
         limit = sparse_limit;
     }
 
-    if (!fb_getvar("partition-type:" + partition, &partition_type)) {
+    if (fb->GetVar("partition-type:" + partition, &partition_type) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
         errMsg = "Can't determine partition type.\n";
         goto failed;
     }
@@ -1402,7 +1479,7 @@
         partition_type = type_override;
     }
 
-    if (!fb_getvar("partition-size:" + partition, &partition_size)) {
+    if (fb->GetVar("partition-size:" + partition, &partition_size) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
         errMsg = "Unable to get partition size\n";
         goto failed;
     }
@@ -1422,15 +1499,13 @@
             fprintf(stderr, "File system type %s not supported.\n", partition_type.c_str());
             return;
         }
-        fprintf(stderr, "Formatting is not supported for file system with type '%s'.\n",
-                partition_type.c_str());
-        return;
+        die("Formatting is not supported for file system with type '%s'.",
+            partition_type.c_str());
     }
 
     int64_t size;
     if (!android::base::ParseInt(partition_size, &size)) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't parse partition size '%s'.\n", partition_size.c_str());
-        return;
+        die("Couldn't parse partition size '%s'.", partition_size.c_str());
     }
 
     unsigned eraseBlkSize, logicalBlkSize;
@@ -1440,17 +1515,14 @@
     if (fs_generator_generate(gen, output.path, size, initial_dir,
             eraseBlkSize, logicalBlkSize)) {
         die("Cannot generate image for %s", partition.c_str());
-        return;
     }
 
     fd.reset(open(output.path, O_RDONLY));
     if (fd == -1) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open generated image: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-        return;
+        die("Cannot open generated image: %s", strerror(errno));
     }
     if (!load_buf_fd(fd.release(), &buf)) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read image: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-        return;
+        die("Cannot read image: %s", strerror(errno));
     }
     flash_buf(partition, &buf);
     return;
@@ -1460,7 +1532,38 @@
         fprintf(stderr, "Erase successful, but not automatically formatting.\n");
         if (errMsg) fprintf(stderr, "%s", errMsg);
     }
-    fprintf(stderr, "FAILED (%s)\n", fb_get_error().c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "FAILED (%s)\n", fb->Error().c_str());
+    if (!skip_if_not_supported) {
+        die("Command failed");
+    }
+}
+
+static bool should_flash_in_userspace(const std::string& partition_name) {
+    if (!get_android_product_out()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    auto path = find_item_given_name("super_empty.img");
+    if (path.empty() || access(path.c_str(), R_OK)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    auto metadata = android::fs_mgr::ReadFromImageFile(path);
+    if (!metadata) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (const auto& partition : metadata->partitions) {
+        auto candidate = android::fs_mgr::GetPartitionName(partition);
+        if (partition.attributes & LP_PARTITION_ATTR_SLOT_SUFFIXED) {
+            // On retrofit devices, we don't know if, or whether, the A or B
+            // slot has been flashed for dynamic partitions. Instead we add
+            // both names to the list as a conservative guess.
+            if (candidate + "_a" == partition_name || candidate + "_b" == partition_name) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        } else if (candidate == partition_name) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
 }
 
 int FastBootTool::Main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
@@ -1473,8 +1576,7 @@
     bool wants_set_active = false;
     bool skip_secondary = false;
     bool set_fbe_marker = false;
-    void *data;
-    int64_t sz;
+    bool force_flash = false;
     int longindex;
     std::string slot_override;
     std::string next_active;
@@ -1490,6 +1592,7 @@
         {"cmdline", required_argument, 0, 0},
         {"disable-verification", no_argument, 0, 0},
         {"disable-verity", no_argument, 0, 0},
+        {"force", no_argument, 0, 0},
         {"header-version", required_argument, 0, 0},
         {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
         {"kernel-offset", required_argument, 0, 0},
@@ -1525,6 +1628,8 @@
                 g_disable_verification = true;
             } else if (name == "disable-verity") {
                 g_disable_verity = true;
+            } else if (name == "force") {
+                force_flash = true;
             } else if (name == "header-version") {
                 g_boot_img_hdr.header_version = strtoul(optarg, nullptr, 0);
             } else if (name == "kernel-offset") {
@@ -1612,8 +1717,13 @@
     if (transport == nullptr) {
         return 1;
     }
-    fastboot::FastBootDriver fb(transport);
-    fb_init(fb);
+    fastboot::DriverCallbacks driver_callbacks = {
+        .prolog = Status,
+        .epilog = Epilog,
+        .info = InfoMessage,
+    };
+    fastboot::FastBootDriver fastboot_driver(transport, driver_callbacks, false);
+    fb = &fastboot_driver;
 
     const double start = now();
 
@@ -1624,7 +1734,7 @@
         if (next_active == "") {
             if (slot_override == "") {
                 std::string current_slot;
-                if (fb_getvar("current-slot", &current_slot)) {
+                if (fb->GetVar("current-slot", &current_slot) == fastboot::SUCCESS) {
                     next_active = verify_slot(current_slot, false);
                 } else {
                     wants_set_active = false;
@@ -1639,21 +1749,20 @@
     while (!args.empty()) {
         std::string command = next_arg(&args);
 
-        if (command == "getvar") {
+        if (command == FB_CMD_GETVAR) {
             std::string variable = next_arg(&args);
-            fb_queue_display(variable, variable);
-        } else if (command == "erase") {
+            DisplayVarOrError(variable, variable);
+        } else if (command == FB_CMD_ERASE) {
             std::string partition = next_arg(&args);
             auto erase = [&](const std::string& partition) {
                 std::string partition_type;
-                if (fb_getvar(std::string("partition-type:") + partition,
-                              &partition_type) &&
+                if (fb->GetVar("partition-type:" + partition, &partition_type) == fastboot::SUCCESS &&
                     fs_get_generator(partition_type) != nullptr) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "******** Did you mean to fastboot format this %s partition?\n",
                             partition_type.c_str());
                 }
 
-                fb_queue_erase(partition);
+                fb->Erase(partition);
             };
             do_for_partitions(partition, slot_override, erase, true);
         } else if (android::base::StartsWith(command, "format")) {
@@ -1678,12 +1787,14 @@
             do_for_partitions(partition.c_str(), slot_override, format, true);
         } else if (command == "signature") {
             std::string filename = next_arg(&args);
-            data = load_file(filename.c_str(), &sz);
-            if (data == nullptr) die("could not load '%s': %s", filename.c_str(), strerror(errno));
-            if (sz != 256) die("signature must be 256 bytes (got %" PRId64 ")", sz);
-            fb_queue_download("signature", data, sz);
-            fb_queue_command("signature", "installing signature");
-        } else if (command == "reboot") {
+            std::vector<char> data;
+            if (!ReadFileToVector(filename, &data)) {
+                die("could not load '%s': %s", filename.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+            }
+            if (data.size() != 256) die("signature must be 256 bytes (got %zu)", data.size());
+            fb->Download("signature", data);
+            fb->RawCommand("signature", "installing signature");
+        } else if (command == FB_CMD_REBOOT) {
             wants_reboot = true;
 
             if (args.size() == 1) {
@@ -1703,25 +1814,25 @@
 
             }
             if (!args.empty()) syntax_error("junk after reboot command");
-        } else if (command == "reboot-bootloader") {
+        } else if (command == FB_CMD_REBOOT_BOOTLOADER) {
             wants_reboot_bootloader = true;
-        } else if (command == "reboot-recovery") {
+        } else if (command == FB_CMD_REBOOT_RECOVERY) {
             wants_reboot_recovery = true;
-        } else if (command == "reboot-fastboot") {
+        } else if (command == FB_CMD_REBOOT_FASTBOOT) {
             wants_reboot_fastboot = true;
-        } else if (command == "continue") {
-            fb_queue_command("continue", "resuming boot");
-        } else if (command == "boot") {
+        } else if (command == FB_CMD_CONTINUE) {
+            fb->Continue();
+        } else if (command == FB_CMD_BOOT) {
             std::string kernel = next_arg(&args);
             std::string ramdisk;
             if (!args.empty()) ramdisk = next_arg(&args);
             std::string second_stage;
             if (!args.empty()) second_stage = next_arg(&args);
 
-            data = load_bootable_image(kernel, ramdisk, second_stage, &sz);
-            fb_queue_download("boot.img", data, sz);
-            fb_queue_command("boot", "booting");
-        } else if (command == "flash") {
+            auto data = LoadBootableImage(kernel, ramdisk, second_stage);
+            fb->Download("boot.img", data);
+            fb->Boot();
+        } else if (command == FB_CMD_FLASH) {
             std::string pname = next_arg(&args);
 
             std::string fname;
@@ -1733,6 +1844,16 @@
             if (fname.empty()) die("cannot determine image filename for '%s'", pname.c_str());
 
             auto flash = [&](const std::string &partition) {
+                if (should_flash_in_userspace(partition) && !is_userspace_fastboot() &&
+                    !force_flash) {
+                    die("The partition you are trying to flash is dynamic, and "
+                        "should be flashed via fastbootd. Please run:\n"
+                        "\n"
+                        "    fastboot reboot fastboot\n"
+                        "\n"
+                        "And try again. If you are intentionally trying to "
+                        "overwrite a fixed partition, use --force.");
+                }
                 do_flash(partition.c_str(), fname.c_str());
             };
             do_for_partitions(pname.c_str(), slot_override, flash, true);
@@ -1744,9 +1865,9 @@
             std::string second_stage;
             if (!args.empty()) second_stage = next_arg(&args);
 
-            data = load_bootable_image(kernel, ramdisk, second_stage, &sz);
-            auto flashraw = [&](const std::string& partition) {
-                fb_queue_flash(partition, data, sz);
+            auto data = LoadBootableImage(kernel, ramdisk, second_stage);
+            auto flashraw = [&data](const std::string& partition) {
+                fb->FlashPartition(partition, data);
             };
             do_for_partitions(partition, slot_override, flashraw, true);
         } else if (command == "flashall") {
@@ -1768,9 +1889,9 @@
             }
             do_update(filename.c_str(), slot_override, skip_secondary || slot_all);
             wants_reboot = true;
-        } else if (command == "set_active") {
+        } else if (command == FB_CMD_SET_ACTIVE) {
             std::string slot = verify_slot(next_arg(&args), false);
-            fb_set_active(slot);
+            fb->SetActive(slot);
         } else if (command == "stage") {
             std::string filename = next_arg(&args);
 
@@ -1778,12 +1899,12 @@
             if (!load_buf(filename.c_str(), &buf) || buf.type != FB_BUFFER_FD) {
                 die("cannot load '%s'", filename.c_str());
             }
-            fb_queue_download_fd(filename, buf.fd, buf.sz);
+            fb->Download(filename, buf.fd, buf.sz);
         } else if (command == "get_staged") {
             std::string filename = next_arg(&args);
-            fb_queue_upload(filename);
-        } else if (command == "oem") {
-            do_oem_command("oem", &args);
+            fb->Upload(filename);
+        } else if (command == FB_CMD_OEM) {
+            do_oem_command(FB_CMD_OEM, &args);
         } else if (command == "flashing") {
             if (args.empty()) {
                 syntax_error("missing 'flashing' command");
@@ -1795,17 +1916,27 @@
             } else {
                 syntax_error("unknown 'flashing' command %s", args[0].c_str());
             }
-        } else if (command == "create-logical-partition") {
+        } else if (command == FB_CMD_CREATE_PARTITION) {
             std::string partition = next_arg(&args);
             std::string size = next_arg(&args);
-            fb_queue_create_partition(partition, size);
-        } else if (command == "delete-logical-partition") {
+            fb->CreatePartition(partition, size);
+        } else if (command == FB_CMD_DELETE_PARTITION) {
             std::string partition = next_arg(&args);
-            fb_queue_delete_partition(partition);
-        } else if (command == "resize-logical-partition") {
+            fb->DeletePartition(partition);
+        } else if (command == FB_CMD_RESIZE_PARTITION) {
             std::string partition = next_arg(&args);
             std::string size = next_arg(&args);
-            fb_queue_resize_partition(partition, size);
+            fb->ResizePartition(partition, size);
+        } else if (command == "gsi") {
+            if (args.empty()) {
+                syntax_error("missing 'wipe' or 'disable' argument");
+            } else if (args.size() == 1 && args[0] == "wipe") {
+                fb->RawCommand("gsi:wipe", "wiping GSI");
+            } else if (args.size() == 1 && args[0] == "disable") {
+                fb->RawCommand("gsi:disable", "disabling GSI");
+            } else {
+                syntax_error("expected 'wipe' or 'disable'");
+            }
         } else {
             syntax_error("unknown command %s", command.c_str());
         }
@@ -1815,9 +1946,11 @@
         std::vector<std::string> partitions = { "userdata", "cache", "metadata" };
         for (const auto& partition : partitions) {
             std::string partition_type;
-            if (!fb_getvar(std::string{"partition-type:"} + partition, &partition_type)) continue;
+            if (fb->GetVar("partition-type:" + partition, &partition_type) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
+                continue;
+            }
             if (partition_type.empty()) continue;
-            fb_queue_erase(partition);
+            fb->Erase(partition);
             if (partition == "userdata" && set_fbe_marker) {
                 fprintf(stderr, "setting FBE marker on initial userdata...\n");
                 std::string initial_userdata_dir = create_fbemarker_tmpdir();
@@ -1829,25 +1962,27 @@
         }
     }
     if (wants_set_active) {
-        fb_set_active(next_active);
+        fb->SetActive(next_active);
     }
     if (wants_reboot && !skip_reboot) {
-        fb_queue_reboot();
-        fb_queue_wait_for_disconnect();
+        fb->Reboot();
+        fb->WaitForDisconnect();
     } else if (wants_reboot_bootloader) {
-        fb_queue_command("reboot-bootloader", "rebooting into bootloader");
-        fb_queue_wait_for_disconnect();
+        fb->RebootTo("bootloader");
+        fb->WaitForDisconnect();
     } else if (wants_reboot_recovery) {
-        fb_queue_command("reboot-recovery", "rebooting into recovery");
-        fb_queue_wait_for_disconnect();
+        fb->RebootTo("recovery");
+        fb->WaitForDisconnect();
     } else if (wants_reboot_fastboot) {
-        fb_queue_command("reboot-fastboot", "rebooting into fastboot");
-        fb_queue_wait_for_disconnect();
+        reboot_to_userspace_fastboot();
     }
 
-    int status = fb_execute_queue() ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
     fprintf(stderr, "Finished. Total time: %.3fs\n", (now() - start));
-    return status;
+
+    auto* old_transport = fb->set_transport(nullptr);
+    delete old_transport;
+
+    return 0;
 }
 
 void FastBootTool::ParseOsPatchLevel(boot_img_hdr_v1* hdr, const char* arg) {
diff --git a/fastboot/fastboot.h b/fastboot/fastboot.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f18253
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fastboot/fastboot.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
+ * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
+ * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <bootimg.h>
+
+class FastBootTool {
+  public:
+    int Main(int argc, char* argv[]);
+
+    void ParseOsPatchLevel(boot_img_hdr_v1*, const char*);
+    void ParseOsVersion(boot_img_hdr_v1*, const char*);
+};
diff --git a/fastboot/fastboot_driver.cpp b/fastboot/fastboot_driver.cpp
index ceee066..65a5247 100644
--- a/fastboot/fastboot_driver.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fastboot_driver.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
  * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  */
+
 #include "fastboot_driver.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
@@ -40,48 +41,60 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/mapped_file.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
-#include <utils/FileMap.h>
-#include "fastboot_driver.h"
+
+#include "constants.h"
 #include "transport.h"
 
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
+
 namespace fastboot {
 
 /*************************** PUBLIC *******************************/
-FastBootDriver::FastBootDriver(Transport* transport, std::function<void(std::string&)> info,
+FastBootDriver::FastBootDriver(Transport* transport, DriverCallbacks driver_callbacks,
                                bool no_checks)
-    : transport_(transport) {
-    info_cb_ = info;
-    disable_checks_ = no_checks;
-}
+    : transport_(transport),
+      prolog_(std::move(driver_callbacks.prolog)),
+      epilog_(std::move(driver_callbacks.epilog)),
+      info_(std::move(driver_callbacks.info)),
+      disable_checks_(no_checks) {}
 
 FastBootDriver::~FastBootDriver() {
-    set_transport(nullptr);
 }
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::Boot(std::string* response, std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return RawCommand(Commands::BOOT, response, info);
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_BOOT, "Booting", response, info);
 }
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::Continue(std::string* response, std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return RawCommand(Commands::CONTINUE, response, info);
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_CONTINUE, "Resuming boot", response, info);
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::Erase(const std::string& part, std::string* response,
-                              std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return RawCommand(Commands::ERASE + part, response, info);
+RetCode FastBootDriver::CreatePartition(const std::string& partition, const std::string& size) {
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_CREATE_PARTITION ":" + partition + ":" + size,
+                      "Creating '" + partition + "'");
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::Flash(const std::string& part, std::string* response,
+RetCode FastBootDriver::DeletePartition(const std::string& partition) {
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_DELETE_PARTITION ":" + partition, "Deleting '" + partition + "'");
+}
+
+RetCode FastBootDriver::Erase(const std::string& partition, std::string* response,
                               std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return RawCommand(Commands::FLASH + part, response, info);
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_ERASE ":" + partition, "Erasing '" + partition + "'", response, info);
+}
+
+RetCode FastBootDriver::Flash(const std::string& partition, std::string* response,
+                              std::vector<std::string>* info) {
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_FLASH ":" + partition, "Writing '" + partition + "'", response, info);
 }
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::GetVar(const std::string& key, std::string* val,
                                std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return RawCommand(Commands::GET_VAR + key, val, info);
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_GETVAR ":" + key, val, info);
 }
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::GetVarAll(std::vector<std::string>* response) {
@@ -90,44 +103,52 @@
 }
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::Reboot(std::string* response, std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return RawCommand(Commands::REBOOT, response, info);
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_REBOOT, "Rebooting", response, info);
 }
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::RebootTo(std::string target, std::string* response,
                                  std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return RawCommand("reboot-" + target, response, info);
+    return RawCommand("reboot-" + target, "Rebooting into " + target, response, info);
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::SetActive(const std::string& part, std::string* response,
+RetCode FastBootDriver::ResizePartition(const std::string& partition, const std::string& size) {
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_RESIZE_PARTITION ":" + partition + ":" + size,
+                      "Resizing '" + partition + "'");
+}
+
+RetCode FastBootDriver::SetActive(const std::string& slot, std::string* response,
                                   std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return RawCommand(Commands::SET_ACTIVE + part, response, info);
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_SET_ACTIVE ":" + slot, "Setting current slot to '" + slot + "'",
+                      response, info);
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::FlashPartition(const std::string& part, const std::vector<char>& data) {
+RetCode FastBootDriver::FlashPartition(const std::string& partition,
+                                       const std::vector<char>& data) {
     RetCode ret;
-    if ((ret = Download(data))) {
+    if ((ret = Download(partition, data))) {
         return ret;
     }
-    return RawCommand(Commands::FLASH + part);
+    return Flash(partition);
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::FlashPartition(const std::string& part, int fd, uint32_t sz) {
+RetCode FastBootDriver::FlashPartition(const std::string& partition, int fd, uint32_t size) {
     RetCode ret;
-    if ((ret = Download(fd, sz))) {
+    if ((ret = Download(partition, fd, size))) {
         return ret;
     }
-    return RawCommand(Commands::FLASH + part);
+    return Flash(partition);
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::FlashPartition(const std::string& part, sparse_file* s) {
+RetCode FastBootDriver::FlashPartition(const std::string& partition, sparse_file* s, uint32_t size,
+                                       size_t current, size_t total) {
     RetCode ret;
-    if ((ret = Download(s))) {
+    if ((ret = Download(partition, s, size, current, total, false))) {
         return ret;
     }
-    return RawCommand(Commands::FLASH + part);
+    return Flash(partition);
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::Partitions(std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint32_t>>* parts) {
+RetCode FastBootDriver::Partitions(std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint64_t>>* partitions) {
     std::vector<std::string> all;
     RetCode ret;
     if ((ret = GetVarAll(&all))) {
@@ -141,33 +162,19 @@
         if (std::regex_match(s, sm, reg)) {
             std::string m1(sm[1]);
             std::string m2(sm[2]);
-            uint32_t tmp = strtol(m2.c_str(), 0, 16);
-            parts->push_back(std::make_tuple(m1, tmp));
+            uint64_t tmp = strtoll(m2.c_str(), 0, 16);
+            partitions->push_back(std::make_tuple(m1, tmp));
         }
     }
     return SUCCESS;
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::Require(const std::string& var, const std::vector<std::string>& allowed,
-                                bool* reqmet, bool invert) {
-    *reqmet = invert;
-    RetCode ret;
-    std::string response;
-    if ((ret = GetVar(var, &response))) {
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    // Now check if we have a match
-    for (const auto s : allowed) {
-        // If it ends in *, and starting substring match
-        if (response == s || (s.length() && s.back() == '*' &&
-                              !response.compare(0, s.length() - 1, s, 0, s.length() - 1))) {
-            *reqmet = !invert;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return SUCCESS;
+RetCode FastBootDriver::Download(const std::string& name, int fd, size_t size,
+                                 std::string* response, std::vector<std::string>* info) {
+    prolog_(StringPrintf("Sending '%s' (%zu KB)", name.c_str(), size / 1024));
+    auto result = Download(fd, size, response, info);
+    epilog_(result);
+    return result;
 }
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::Download(int fd, size_t size, std::string* response,
@@ -193,26 +200,29 @@
     return HandleResponse(response, info);
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::Download(const std::vector<char>& buf, std::string* response,
-                                 std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return Download(buf.data(), buf.size(), response, info);
+RetCode FastBootDriver::Download(const std::string& name, const std::vector<char>& buf,
+                                 std::string* response, std::vector<std::string>* info) {
+    prolog_(StringPrintf("Sending '%s' (%zu KB)", name.c_str(), buf.size() / 1024));
+    auto result = Download(buf, response, info);
+    epilog_(result);
+    return result;
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::Download(const char* buf, uint32_t size, std::string* response,
+RetCode FastBootDriver::Download(const std::vector<char>& buf, std::string* response,
                                  std::vector<std::string>* info) {
     RetCode ret;
     error_ = "";
-    if ((size == 0 || size > MAX_DOWNLOAD_SIZE) && !disable_checks_) {
+    if ((buf.size() == 0 || buf.size() > MAX_DOWNLOAD_SIZE) && !disable_checks_) {
         error_ = "Buffer is too large or 0 bytes";
         return BAD_ARG;
     }
 
-    if ((ret = DownloadCommand(size, response, info))) {
+    if ((ret = DownloadCommand(buf.size(), response, info))) {
         return ret;
     }
 
     // Write the buffer
-    if ((ret = SendBuffer(buf, size))) {
+    if ((ret = SendBuffer(buf))) {
         return ret;
     }
 
@@ -220,6 +230,16 @@
     return HandleResponse(response, info);
 }
 
+RetCode FastBootDriver::Download(const std::string& partition, struct sparse_file* s, uint32_t size,
+                                 size_t current, size_t total, bool use_crc, std::string* response,
+                                 std::vector<std::string>* info) {
+    prolog_(StringPrintf("Sending sparse '%s' %zu/%zu (%u KB)", partition.c_str(), current, total,
+                         size / 1024));
+    auto result = Download(s, use_crc, response, info);
+    epilog_(result);
+    return result;
+}
+
 RetCode FastBootDriver::Download(sparse_file* s, bool use_crc, std::string* response,
                                  std::vector<std::string>* info) {
     error_ = "";
@@ -262,9 +282,17 @@
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::Upload(const std::string& outfile, std::string* response,
                                std::vector<std::string>* info) {
+    prolog_("Uploading '" + outfile + "'");
+    auto result = UploadInner(outfile, response, info);
+    epilog_(result);
+    return result;
+}
+
+RetCode FastBootDriver::UploadInner(const std::string& outfile, std::string* response,
+                                    std::vector<std::string>* info) {
     RetCode ret;
     int dsize;
-    if ((ret = RawCommand(Commands::UPLOAD, response, info, &dsize))) {
+    if ((ret = RawCommand(FB_CMD_UPLOAD, response, info, &dsize))) {
         error_ = "Upload request failed: " + error_;
         return ret;
     }
@@ -298,8 +326,8 @@
 }
 
 // Helpers
-void FastBootDriver::SetInfoCallback(std::function<void(std::string&)> info) {
-    info_cb_ = info;
+void FastBootDriver::SetInfoCallback(std::function<void(const std::string&)> info) {
+    info_ = info;
 }
 
 const std::string FastBootDriver::RCString(RetCode rc) {
@@ -336,6 +364,15 @@
 }
 
 /****************************** PROTECTED *************************************/
+RetCode FastBootDriver::RawCommand(const std::string& cmd, const std::string& message,
+                                   std::string* response, std::vector<std::string>* info,
+                                   int* dsize) {
+    prolog_(message);
+    auto result = RawCommand(cmd, response, info, dsize);
+    epilog_(result);
+    return result;
+}
+
 RetCode FastBootDriver::RawCommand(const std::string& cmd, std::string* response,
                                    std::vector<std::string>* info, int* dsize) {
     error_ = "";  // Clear any pending error
@@ -355,7 +392,7 @@
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::DownloadCommand(uint32_t size, std::string* response,
                                         std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    std::string cmd(android::base::StringPrintf("%s%08" PRIx32, Commands::DOWNLOAD.c_str(), size));
+    std::string cmd(android::base::StringPrintf("%s:%08" PRIx32, FB_CMD_DOWNLOAD, size));
     RetCode ret;
     if ((ret = RawCommand(cmd, response, info))) {
         return ret;
@@ -388,7 +425,7 @@
         std::string input(status);
         if (android::base::StartsWith(input, "INFO")) {
             std::string tmp = input.substr(strlen("INFO"));
-            info_cb_(tmp);
+            info_(tmp);
             add_info(std::move(tmp));
         } else if (android::base::StartsWith(input, "OKAY")) {
             set_response(input.substr(strlen("OKAY")));
@@ -421,16 +458,6 @@
     return android::base::StringPrintf("%s (%s)", msg.c_str(), strerror(errno));
 }
 
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::BOOT = "boot";
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::CONTINUE = "continue";
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::DOWNLOAD = "download:";
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::ERASE = "erase:";
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::FLASH = "flash:";
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::GET_VAR = "getvar:";
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::REBOOT = "reboot";
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::SET_ACTIVE = "set_active:";
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::UPLOAD = "upload";
-
 /******************************* PRIVATE **************************************/
 RetCode FastBootDriver::SendBuffer(int fd, size_t size) {
     static constexpr uint32_t MAX_MAP_SIZE = 512 * 1024 * 1024;
@@ -440,15 +467,14 @@
 
     while (remaining) {
         // Memory map the file
-        android::FileMap filemap;
         size_t len = std::min(remaining, MAX_MAP_SIZE);
-
-        if (!filemap.create(NULL, fd, offset, len, true)) {
+        auto mapping{android::base::MappedFile::FromFd(fd, offset, len, PROT_READ)};
+        if (!mapping) {
             error_ = "Creating filemap failed";
             return IO_ERROR;
         }
 
-        if ((ret = SendBuffer(filemap.getDataPtr(), len))) {
+        if ((ret = SendBuffer(mapping->data(), mapping->size()))) {
             return ret;
         }
 
@@ -537,12 +563,9 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-void FastBootDriver::set_transport(Transport* transport) {
-    if (transport_) {
-        transport_->Close();
-        delete transport_;
-    }
-    transport_ = transport;
+Transport* FastBootDriver::set_transport(Transport* transport) {
+    std::swap(transport_, transport);
+    return transport;
 }
 
 }  // End namespace fastboot
diff --git a/fastboot/fastboot_driver.h b/fastboot/fastboot_driver.h
index 4647945..af02637 100644
--- a/fastboot/fastboot_driver.h
+++ b/fastboot/fastboot_driver.h
@@ -37,15 +37,14 @@
 #include <bootimg.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <sparse/sparse.h>
+
+#include "constants.h"
 #include "transport.h"
 
 class Transport;
 
 namespace fastboot {
 
-static constexpr int FB_COMMAND_SZ = 64;
-static constexpr int FB_RESPONSE_SZ = 64;
-
 enum RetCode : int {
     SUCCESS = 0,
     BAD_ARG,
@@ -55,6 +54,12 @@
     TIMEOUT,
 };
 
+struct DriverCallbacks {
+    std::function<void(const std::string&)> prolog = [](const std::string&) {};
+    std::function<void(int)> epilog = [](int) {};
+    std::function<void(const std::string&)> info = [](const std::string&) {};
+};
+
 class FastBootDriver {
     friend class FastBootTest;
 
@@ -63,25 +68,30 @@
     static constexpr uint32_t MAX_DOWNLOAD_SIZE = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
     static constexpr size_t TRANSPORT_CHUNK_SIZE = 1024;
 
-    FastBootDriver(Transport* transport,
-                   std::function<void(std::string&)> info = [](std::string&) {},
+    FastBootDriver(Transport* transport, DriverCallbacks driver_callbacks = {},
                    bool no_checks = false);
     ~FastBootDriver();
 
     RetCode Boot(std::string* response = nullptr, std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
     RetCode Continue(std::string* response = nullptr, std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
+    RetCode CreatePartition(const std::string& partition, const std::string& size);
+    RetCode DeletePartition(const std::string& partition);
+    RetCode Download(const std::string& name, int fd, size_t size, std::string* response = nullptr,
+                     std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
     RetCode Download(int fd, size_t size, std::string* response = nullptr,
                      std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
+    RetCode Download(const std::string& name, const std::vector<char>& buf,
+                     std::string* response = nullptr, std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
     RetCode Download(const std::vector<char>& buf, std::string* response = nullptr,
                      std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
-    // This will be removed after fastboot is modified to use a vector
-    RetCode Download(const char* buf, uint32_t size, std::string* response = nullptr,
+    RetCode Download(const std::string& partition, struct sparse_file* s, uint32_t sz,
+                     size_t current, size_t total, bool use_crc, std::string* response = nullptr,
                      std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
     RetCode Download(sparse_file* s, bool use_crc = false, std::string* response = nullptr,
                      std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
-    RetCode Erase(const std::string& part, std::string* response = nullptr,
+    RetCode Erase(const std::string& partition, std::string* response = nullptr,
                   std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
-    RetCode Flash(const std::string& part, std::string* response = nullptr,
+    RetCode Flash(const std::string& partition, std::string* response = nullptr,
                   std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
     RetCode GetVar(const std::string& key, std::string* val,
                    std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
@@ -89,31 +99,36 @@
     RetCode Reboot(std::string* response = nullptr, std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
     RetCode RebootTo(std::string target, std::string* response = nullptr,
                      std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
-    RetCode SetActive(const std::string& part, std::string* response = nullptr,
+    RetCode ResizePartition(const std::string& partition, const std::string& size);
+    RetCode SetActive(const std::string& slot, std::string* response = nullptr,
                       std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
     RetCode Upload(const std::string& outfile, std::string* response = nullptr,
                    std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
 
     /* HIGHER LEVEL COMMANDS -- Composed of the commands above */
-    RetCode FlashPartition(const std::string& part, const std::vector<char>& data);
-    RetCode FlashPartition(const std::string& part, int fd, uint32_t sz);
-    RetCode FlashPartition(const std::string& part, sparse_file* s);
+    RetCode FlashPartition(const std::string& partition, const std::vector<char>& data);
+    RetCode FlashPartition(const std::string& partition, int fd, uint32_t sz);
+    RetCode FlashPartition(const std::string& partition, sparse_file* s, uint32_t sz,
+                           size_t current, size_t total);
 
-    RetCode Partitions(std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint32_t>>* parts);
+    RetCode Partitions(std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint64_t>>* partitions);
     RetCode Require(const std::string& var, const std::vector<std::string>& allowed, bool* reqmet,
                     bool invert = false);
 
     /* HELPERS */
-    void SetInfoCallback(std::function<void(std::string&)> info);
+    void SetInfoCallback(std::function<void(const std::string&)> info);
     static const std::string RCString(RetCode rc);
     std::string Error();
     RetCode WaitForDisconnect();
 
-    // Note: changing the transport will close and delete the existing one.
-    void set_transport(Transport* transport);
+    // Note: set_transport will return the previous transport.
+    Transport* set_transport(Transport* transport);
     Transport* transport() const { return transport_; }
 
-    // This is temporarily public for engine.cpp
+    RetCode RawCommand(const std::string& cmd, const std::string& message,
+                       std::string* response = nullptr, std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr,
+                       int* dsize = nullptr);
+
     RetCode RawCommand(const std::string& cmd, std::string* response = nullptr,
                        std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr, int* dsize = nullptr);
 
@@ -125,19 +140,6 @@
 
     std::string ErrnoStr(const std::string& msg);
 
-    // More like a namespace...
-    struct Commands {
-        static const std::string BOOT;
-        static const std::string CONTINUE;
-        static const std::string DOWNLOAD;
-        static const std::string ERASE;
-        static const std::string FLASH;
-        static const std::string GET_VAR;
-        static const std::string REBOOT;
-        static const std::string SET_ACTIVE;
-        static const std::string UPLOAD;
-    };
-
     Transport* transport_;
 
   private:
@@ -148,10 +150,15 @@
     RetCode ReadBuffer(std::vector<char>& buf);
     RetCode ReadBuffer(void* buf, size_t size);
 
+    RetCode UploadInner(const std::string& outfile, std::string* response = nullptr,
+                        std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
+
     int SparseWriteCallback(std::vector<char>& tpbuf, const char* data, size_t len);
 
     std::string error_;
-    std::function<void(std::string&)> info_cb_;
+    std::function<void(const std::string&)> prolog_;
+    std::function<void(int)> epilog_;
+    std::function<void(const std::string&)> info_;
     bool disable_checks_;
 };
 
diff --git a/fastboot/fastboot_test.cpp b/fastboot/fastboot_test.cpp
index 43201fa..9c3ab6e 100644
--- a/fastboot/fastboot_test.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fastboot_test.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "engine.h"
+#include "fastboot.h"
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
@@ -59,3 +59,145 @@
     EXPECT_DEATH(fb.ParseOsVersion(&hdr, "1.128.3"), "bad OS version");
     EXPECT_DEATH(fb.ParseOsVersion(&hdr, "1.2.128"), "bad OS version");
 }
+
+extern bool ParseRequirementLine(const std::string& line, std::string* name, std::string* product,
+                                 bool* invert, std::vector<std::string>* options);
+
+static void ParseRequirementLineTest(const std::string& line, const std::string& expected_name,
+                                     const std::string& expected_product, bool expected_invert,
+                                     const std::vector<std::string>& expected_options) {
+    std::string name;
+    std::string product;
+    bool invert;
+    std::vector<std::string> options;
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ParseRequirementLine(line, &name, &product, &invert, &options)) << line;
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_name, name) << line;
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_product, product) << line;
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_invert, invert) << line;
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_options, options) << line;
+}
+
+TEST(FastBoot, ParseRequirementLineSuccesses) {
+    // Examples provided in the code + slight variations.
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha", "product", "", false, {"alpha"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha|beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require version-bootloader=1234", "version-bootloader", "", false,
+                             {"1234"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product:gamma version-bootloader=istanbul",
+                             "version-bootloader", "gamma", false, {"istanbul"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product:gamma version-bootloader=istanbul|constantinople",
+                             "version-bootloader", "gamma", false, {"istanbul", "constantinople"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require partition-exists=vendor", "partition-exists", "", false,
+                             {"vendor"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("reject product=alpha", "product", "", true, {"alpha"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("reject product=alpha|beta|gamma", "product", "", true,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+
+    // Without any prefix, assume 'require'
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("product=alpha|beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    // Including if the variable name is otherwise a prefix keyword
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require = alpha", "require", "", false, {"alpha"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("reject = alpha", "reject", "", false, {"alpha"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product:gamma = alpha", "require-for-product:gamma", "",
+                             false, {"alpha"});
+
+    // Extra spaces are allowed.
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require    product=alpha|beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product    =alpha|beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=   alpha|beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product   =   alpha|beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha  |beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha|  beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha  |  beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha|beta|gamma   ", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("product  =  alpha  |  beta  |  gamma   ", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product:  gamma version-bootloader=istanbul",
+                             "version-bootloader", "gamma", false, {"istanbul"});
+
+    // Extraneous ending | is okay, implies accepting an empty string.
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha|", "product", "", false, {"alpha", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha|beta|gamma|", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma", ""});
+
+    // Accept empty options, double ||, etc, implies accepting an empty string.
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha||beta|   |gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "", "beta", "", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha||beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha|beta|   |gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha||", "product", "", false, {"alpha", "", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha|| ", "product", "", false, {"alpha", "", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha| ", "product", "", false, {"alpha", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha|beta| ", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", ""});
+
+    // No option string is also treating as accepting an empty string.
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require =", "require", "", false, {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require = |", "require", "", false, {"", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("reject =", "reject", "", false, {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("reject = |", "reject", "", false, {"", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product: =", "require-for-product:", "", false, {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product: = | ", "require-for-product:", "", false,
+                             {"", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=", "product", "", false, {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product = ", "product", "", false, {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product = | ", "product", "", false, {"", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("reject product=", "product", "", true, {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("reject product = ", "product", "", true, {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("reject product = | ", "product", "", true, {"", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product:gamma product=", "product", "gamma", false, {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product:gamma product = ", "product", "gamma", false,
+                             {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product:gamma product = |", "product", "gamma", false,
+                             {"", ""});
+
+    // Check for board -> product substitution.
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require board=alpha", "product", "", false, {"alpha"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("board=alpha", "product", "", false, {"alpha"});
+}
+
+static void ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed(const std::string& line) {
+    std::string name;
+    std::string product;
+    bool invert;
+    std::vector<std::string> options;
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(ParseRequirementLine(line, &name, &product, &invert, &options)) << line;
+}
+
+TEST(FastBoot, ParseRequirementLineMalformed) {
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("nothing");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("=");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("|");
+
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("require");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("require ");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("reject");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("reject ");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("require-for-product:");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("require-for-product: ");
+
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("require product");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("reject product");
+
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("require-for-product:gamma");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("require-for-product:gamma product");
+
+    // No spaces allowed before between require-for-product and :.
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("require-for-product :");
+}
diff --git a/fastboot/fs.cpp b/fastboot/fs.cpp
index fc6a16b..8c0aa6b 100644
--- a/fastboot/fs.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fs.cpp
@@ -172,13 +172,8 @@
     mkf2fs_args.push_back("-S");
     std::string size_str = std::to_string(partSize);
     mkf2fs_args.push_back(size_str.c_str());
-    mkf2fs_args.push_back("-f");
-    mkf2fs_args.push_back("-O");
-    mkf2fs_args.push_back("encrypt");
-    mkf2fs_args.push_back("-O");
-    mkf2fs_args.push_back("quota");
-    mkf2fs_args.push_back("-O");
-    mkf2fs_args.push_back("verity");
+    mkf2fs_args.push_back("-g");
+    mkf2fs_args.push_back("android");
     mkf2fs_args.push_back(fileName);
     mkf2fs_args.push_back(nullptr);
 
diff --git a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/Android.bp b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/Android.bp
index 301534b..277cc3a 100644
--- a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/Android.bp
+++ b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/Android.bp
@@ -26,6 +26,9 @@
     "libadb_host",
     "libtinyxml2",
     "libsparse",
+    "liblp",
+    "libcrypto",
+    "libext4_utils",
   ],
 
   // Static libs (libfastboot2) shared library dependencies are not transitively included
diff --git a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/fixtures.cpp b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/fixtures.cpp
index 0a87598..280cfb6 100644
--- a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/fixtures.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/fixtures.cpp
@@ -86,6 +86,12 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+bool FastBootTest::UserSpaceFastboot() {
+    std::string value;
+    fb->GetVar("is-userspace", &value);
+    return value == "yes";
+}
+
 RetCode FastBootTest::DownloadCommand(uint32_t size, std::string* response,
                                       std::vector<std::string>* info) {
     return fb->DownloadCommand(size, response, info);
@@ -121,8 +127,7 @@
     } else {
         ASSERT_EQ(device_path, cb_scratch);  // The path can not change
     }
-    fb = std::unique_ptr<FastBootDriver>(
-            new FastBootDriver(transport.get(), [](std::string&) {}, true));
+    fb = std::unique_ptr<FastBootDriver>(new FastBootDriver(transport.get(), {}, true));
 }
 
 void FastBootTest::TearDown() {
@@ -133,7 +138,6 @@
     fb.reset();
 
     if (transport) {
-        transport->Close();
         transport.reset();
     }
 
@@ -160,6 +164,12 @@
         return;
     }
 
+    // User space fastboot implementations are not allowed to communicate to
+    // secure hardware and hence cannot lock/unlock the device.
+    if (UserSpaceFastboot()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     std::string resp;
     std::vector<std::string> info;
     // To avoid risk of bricking device, make sure unlock ability is set to 1
@@ -188,7 +198,6 @@
         ASSERT_EQ(fb->RawCommand("flashing " + cmd, &resp), SUCCESS)
                 << "Attempting to change locked state, but 'flashing" + cmd + "' command failed";
         fb.reset();
-        transport->Close();
         transport.reset();
         printf("PLEASE RESPOND TO PROMPT FOR '%sing' BOOTLOADER ON DEVICE\n", cmd.c_str());
         while (UsbStillAvailible())
@@ -206,8 +215,7 @@
             putchar('.');
         }
         device_path = cb_scratch;
-        fb = std::unique_ptr<FastBootDriver>(
-                new FastBootDriver(transport.get(), [](std::string&) {}, true));
+        fb = std::unique_ptr<FastBootDriver>(new FastBootDriver(transport.get(), {}, true));
         if (assert_change) {
             ASSERT_EQ(fb->GetVar("unlocked", &resp), SUCCESS) << "getvar:unlocked failed";
             ASSERT_EQ(resp, unlock ? "yes" : "no")
@@ -249,7 +257,6 @@
     }
 
     if (transport) {
-        transport->Close();
         transport.reset();
     }
 
diff --git a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/fixtures.h b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/fixtures.h
index e47d0fd..e0f829e 100644
--- a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/fixtures.h
+++ b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/fixtures.h
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
 
     static int MatchFastboot(usb_ifc_info* info, const char* local_serial = nullptr);
     bool UsbStillAvailible();
+    bool UserSpaceFastboot();
 
   protected:
     RetCode DownloadCommand(uint32_t size, std::string* response = nullptr,
diff --git a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/main.cpp b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/main.cpp
index 1d30f8b..ef34771 100644
--- a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/main.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/main.cpp
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@
 #include <thread>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <sparse/sparse.h>
@@ -280,7 +281,7 @@
     std::vector<std::string> vars;
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->GetVarAll(&vars), SUCCESS) << "getvar:all failed";
     EXPECT_GT(vars.size(), 0) << "getvar:all did not respond with any INFO responses";
-    for (const auto s : vars) {
+    for (const auto& s : vars) {
         EXPECT_LE(s.size(), FB_RESPONSE_SZ - 4)
                 << "getvar:all included an INFO response: 'INFO" + s << "' which is too long";
     }
@@ -289,6 +290,12 @@
 TEST_F(Conformance, UnlockAbility) {
     std::string resp;
     std::vector<std::string> info;
+    // Userspace fastboot implementations do not have a way to get this
+    // information.
+    if (UserSpaceFastboot()) {
+        GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test is skipped for userspace fastboot.";
+        return;
+    }
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->RawCommand("flashing get_unlock_ability", &resp, &info), SUCCESS)
             << "'flashing get_unlock_ability' failed";
     // There are two ways this can be reported, through info or the actual response
@@ -304,13 +311,13 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(Conformance, PartitionInfo) {
-    std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint32_t>> parts;
+    std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint64_t>> parts;
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Partitions(&parts), SUCCESS) << "getvar:all failed";
     EXPECT_GT(parts.size(), 0)
             << "getvar:all did not report any partition-size: through INFO responses";
     std::set<std::string> allowed{"ext4", "f2fs", "raw"};
-    for (const auto p : parts) {
-        EXPECT_GT(std::get<1>(p), 0);
+    for (const auto& p : parts) {
+        EXPECT_GE(std::get<1>(p), 0);
         std::string part(std::get<0>(p));
         std::set<std::string> allowed{"ext4", "f2fs", "raw"};
         std::string resp;
@@ -325,8 +332,9 @@
                 << cmd + " responded with a string with leading whitespace";
         EXPECT_FALSE(resp.compare(0, 2, "0x"))
                 << cmd + "responded with a string that does not start with 0x...";
-        int64_t size = strtoll(resp.c_str(), nullptr, 16);
-        EXPECT_GT(size, 0) << "'" + resp + "' is not a valid response from " + cmd;
+        uint64_t size;
+        ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ParseUint(resp, &size))
+                << "'" + resp + "' is not a valid response from " + cmd;
     }
 }
 
@@ -340,14 +348,14 @@
     // Can't run out of alphabet letters...
     ASSERT_LE(num_slots, 26) << "What?! You can't have more than 26 slots";
 
-    std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint32_t>> parts;
+    std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint64_t>> parts;
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Partitions(&parts), SUCCESS) << "getvar:all failed";
 
     std::map<std::string, std::set<char>> part_slots;
     if (num_slots > 0) {
         EXPECT_EQ(fb->GetVar("current-slot", &var), SUCCESS) << "getvar:current-slot failed";
 
-        for (const auto p : parts) {
+        for (const auto& p : parts) {
             std::string part(std::get<0>(p));
             std::regex reg("([[:graph:]]*)_([[:lower:]])");
             std::smatch sm;
@@ -370,7 +378,7 @@
             }
         }
         // Ensure each partition has the correct slot suffix
-        for (const auto iter : part_slots) {
+        for (const auto& iter : part_slots) {
             const std::set<char>& char_set = iter.second;
             std::string chars;
             for (char c : char_set) {
@@ -412,6 +420,10 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(resp == "yes" || resp == "no")
             << "Device did not respond with 'yes' or 'no' for getvar:unlocked";
     bool curr = resp == "yes";
+    if (UserSpaceFastboot()) {
+        GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test is skipped for userspace fastboot.";
+        return;
+    }
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
         std::string action = !curr ? "unlock" : "lock";
@@ -441,9 +453,6 @@
         ASSERT_TRUE(*sparse) << "Sparse file creation failed on: " << bs;
         EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse), SUCCESS) << "Download sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
         EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-        EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse, true), SUCCESS)
-                << "Download sparse with crc failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-        EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
     }
 }
 
@@ -462,9 +471,6 @@
                 << "Adding data failed to sparse file: " << sparse.Rep();
         EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse), SUCCESS) << "Download sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
         EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-        EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse, true), SUCCESS)
-                << "Download sparse with crc failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-        EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
     }
 }
 
@@ -474,9 +480,6 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(*sparse) << "Sparse image creation failed";
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse), SUCCESS) << "Download sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-    EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse, true), SUCCESS)
-            << "Download sparse with crc failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-    EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
 }
 
 TEST_F(Conformance, SparseDownload1) {
@@ -487,9 +490,6 @@
             << "Adding data failed to sparse file: " << sparse.Rep();
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse), SUCCESS) << "Download sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-    EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse, true), SUCCESS)
-            << "Download sparse with crc failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-    EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
 }
 
 TEST_F(Conformance, SparseDownload2) {
@@ -503,9 +503,6 @@
             << "Adding data failed to sparse file: " << sparse.Rep();
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse), SUCCESS) << "Download sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-    EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse, true), SUCCESS)
-            << "Download sparse with crc failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-    EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
 }
 
 TEST_F(Conformance, SparseDownload3) {
@@ -537,9 +534,6 @@
     }
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse), SUCCESS) << "Download sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-    EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse, true), SUCCESS)
-            << "Download sparse with crc failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-    EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
 }
 
 TEST_F(Conformance, SparseVersionCheck) {
@@ -559,25 +553,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(Conformance, SparseCRCCheck) {
-    SparseWrapper sparse(4096, 4096);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(*sparse) << "Sparse image creation failed";
-    std::vector<char> buf = RandomBuf(4096);
-    ASSERT_EQ(sparse_file_add_data(*sparse, buf.data(), buf.size(), 0), 0)
-            << "Adding data failed to sparse file: " << sparse.Rep();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(SparseToBuf(*sparse, &buf, true)) << "Sparse buffer creation failed";
-    // Flip a bit in the crc
-    buf.back() = buf.back() ^ 0x01;
-    ASSERT_EQ(DownloadCommand(buf.size()), SUCCESS) << "Device rejected download command";
-    ASSERT_EQ(SendBuffer(buf), SUCCESS) << "Downloading payload failed";
-    printf("%02x\n", (unsigned char)buf.back());
-    // It can either reject this download or reject it during flash
-    if (HandleResponse() != DEVICE_FAIL) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), DEVICE_FAIL)
-                << "Flashing an invalid sparse version should fail " << sparse.Rep();
-    }
-}
-
 TEST_F(UnlockPermissions, Download) {
     std::vector<char> buf{'a', 'o', 's', 'p'};
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(buf), SUCCESS) << "Download 4-byte payload failed";
@@ -587,17 +562,17 @@
     std::vector<char> buf{'a', 'o', 's', 'p'};
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(buf), SUCCESS) << "Download failed in unlocked mode";
     ;
-    std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint32_t>> parts;
+    std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint64_t>> parts;
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Partitions(&parts), SUCCESS) << "getvar:all failed in unlocked mode";
 }
 
 TEST_F(LockPermissions, DownloadFlash) {
     std::vector<char> buf{'a', 'o', 's', 'p'};
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(buf), SUCCESS) << "Download failed in locked mode";
-    std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint32_t>> parts;
+    std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint64_t>> parts;
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Partitions(&parts), SUCCESS) << "getvar:all failed in locked mode";
     std::string resp;
-    for (const auto tup : parts) {
+    for (const auto& tup : parts) {
         EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash(std::get<0>(tup), &resp), DEVICE_FAIL)
                 << "Device did not respond with FAIL when trying to flash '" << std::get<0>(tup)
                 << "' in locked mode";
@@ -607,10 +582,10 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LockPermissions, Erase) {
-    std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint32_t>> parts;
+    std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint64_t>> parts;
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Partitions(&parts), SUCCESS) << "getvar:all failed";
     std::string resp;
-    for (const auto tup : parts) {
+    for (const auto& tup : parts) {
         EXPECT_EQ(fb->Erase(std::get<0>(tup), &resp), DEVICE_FAIL)
                 << "Device did not respond with FAIL when trying to erase '" << std::get<0>(tup)
                 << "' in locked mode";
@@ -619,14 +594,14 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(LockPermissions, SetActive) {
-    std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint32_t>> parts;
+    std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint64_t>> parts;
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Partitions(&parts), SUCCESS) << "getvar:all failed";
 
     std::string resp;
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->GetVar("slot-count", &resp), SUCCESS) << "getvar:slot-count failed";
     int32_t num_slots = strtol(resp.c_str(), nullptr, 10);
 
-    for (const auto tup : parts) {
+    for (const auto& tup : parts) {
         std::string part(std::get<0>(tup));
         std::regex reg("([[:graph:]]*)_([[:lower:]])");
         std::smatch sm;
@@ -772,7 +747,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(Fuzz, BadCommandTooLarge) {
-    std::string s = RandomString(fastboot::FB_COMMAND_SZ + 1, rand_legal);
+    std::string s = RandomString(FB_COMMAND_SZ + 1, rand_legal);
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->RawCommand(s), DEVICE_FAIL)
             << "Device did not respond with failure after sending length " << s.size()
             << " string of random ASCII chars";
@@ -916,7 +891,7 @@
 
 TEST_P(AnyPartition, ReportedGetVarAll) {
     // As long as the partition is reported in INFO, it would be tested by generic Conformance
-    std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint32_t>> parts;
+    std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint64_t>> parts;
     ASSERT_EQ(fb->Partitions(&parts), SUCCESS) << "getvar:all failed";
     const std::string name = GetParam().first;
     if (GetParam().second.slots) {
@@ -1579,12 +1554,12 @@
 
 void GenerateXmlTests(const extension::Configuration& config) {
     // Build the getvar tests
-    for (const auto it : config.getvars) {
+    for (const auto& it : config.getvars) {
         GETVAR_XML_TESTS.push_back(std::make_pair(it.first, it.second));
     }
 
     // Build the partition tests, to interface with gtest we need to do it this way
-    for (const auto it : config.partitions) {
+    for (const auto& it : config.partitions) {
         const auto tup = std::make_tuple(it.first, it.second);
         PARTITION_XML_TESTS.push_back(tup);  // All partitions
 
@@ -1606,7 +1581,7 @@
 
     // Build the packed tests, only useful if we have a hash
     if (!config.checksum.empty()) {
-        for (const auto it : config.packed) {
+        for (const auto& it : config.packed) {
             for (const auto& test : it.second.tests) {
                 const auto tup = std::make_tuple(it.first, test);
                 if (test.expect == extension::OKAY) {  // only testing the success case
@@ -1633,7 +1608,7 @@
     }
 
     // Build oem tests
-    for (const auto it : config.oem) {
+    for (const auto& it : config.oem) {
         auto oem_cmd = it.second;
         for (const auto& t : oem_cmd.tests) {
             OEM_XML_TESTS.push_back(std::make_tuple(it.first, oem_cmd.restricted, t));
diff --git a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/usb_transport_sniffer.cpp b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/usb_transport_sniffer.cpp
index ee510e9..7c595f4 100644
--- a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/usb_transport_sniffer.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/usb_transport_sniffer.cpp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
                                          const int serial_fd)
     : transport_(std::move(transport)), serial_fd_(serial_fd) {}
 
+UsbTransportSniffer::~UsbTransportSniffer() {
+    Close();
+}
+
 ssize_t UsbTransportSniffer::Read(void* data, size_t len) {
     ProcessSerial();
 
diff --git a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/usb_transport_sniffer.h b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/usb_transport_sniffer.h
index 693f042..8119aea 100644
--- a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/usb_transport_sniffer.h
+++ b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/usb_transport_sniffer.h
@@ -68,10 +68,11 @@
     };
 
     UsbTransportSniffer(std::unique_ptr<UsbTransport> transport, const int serial_fd = 0);
+    ~UsbTransportSniffer() override;
 
     virtual ssize_t Read(void* data, size_t len) override;
     virtual ssize_t Write(const void* data, size_t len) override;
-    virtual int Close() override;
+    virtual int Close() override final;  // note usage in destructor
     virtual int Reset() override;
 
     const std::vector<Event> Transfers();
diff --git a/fastboot/main.cpp b/fastboot/main.cpp
index c3683f7..35f4218 100644
--- a/fastboot/main.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/main.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  */
 
-#include "engine.h"
+#include "fastboot.h"
 
 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
     FastBootTool fb;
diff --git a/fastboot/usb_linux.cpp b/fastboot/usb_linux.cpp
index 9b779dd..6363aa5 100644
--- a/fastboot/usb_linux.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/usb_linux.cpp
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
   public:
     explicit LinuxUsbTransport(std::unique_ptr<usb_handle> handle, uint32_t ms_timeout = 0)
         : handle_(std::move(handle)), ms_timeout_(ms_timeout) {}
-    ~LinuxUsbTransport() override = default;
+    ~LinuxUsbTransport() override;
 
     ssize_t Read(void* data, size_t len) override;
     ssize_t Write(const void* data, size_t len) override;
@@ -387,6 +387,10 @@
     return usb;
 }
 
+LinuxUsbTransport::~LinuxUsbTransport() {
+    Close();
+}
+
 ssize_t LinuxUsbTransport::Write(const void* _data, size_t len)
 {
     unsigned char *data = (unsigned char*) _data;
diff --git a/fastboot/usb_osx.cpp b/fastboot/usb_osx.cpp
index 4d48f6e..f597f50 100644
--- a/fastboot/usb_osx.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/usb_osx.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
 
     UInt8 bulkIn;
     UInt8 bulkOut;
-    IOUSBInterfaceInterface190 **interface;
+    IOUSBInterfaceInterface500** interface;
     unsigned int zero_mask;
 };
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
     // A timeout of 0 is blocking
     OsxUsbTransport(std::unique_ptr<usb_handle> handle, uint32_t ms_timeout = 0)
         : handle_(std::move(handle)), ms_timeout_(ms_timeout) {}
-    ~OsxUsbTransport() override = default;
+    ~OsxUsbTransport() override;
 
     ssize_t Read(void* data, size_t len) override;
     ssize_t Write(const void* data, size_t len) override;
@@ -86,13 +86,13 @@
 
 /** Try out all the interfaces and see if there's a match. Returns 0 on
  * success, -1 on failure. */
-static int try_interfaces(IOUSBDeviceInterface182 **dev, usb_handle *handle) {
+static int try_interfaces(IOUSBDeviceInterface500** dev, usb_handle* handle) {
     IOReturn kr;
     IOUSBFindInterfaceRequest request;
     io_iterator_t iterator;
     io_service_t usbInterface;
     IOCFPlugInInterface **plugInInterface;
-    IOUSBInterfaceInterface190 **interface = NULL;
+    IOUSBInterfaceInterface500** interface = NULL;
     HRESULT result;
     SInt32 score;
     UInt8 interfaceNumEndpoints;
@@ -128,10 +128,10 @@
         }
 
         // Now create the interface interface for the interface
-        result = (*plugInInterface)->QueryInterface(
-                plugInInterface,
-                CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBInterfaceInterfaceID),
-                (LPVOID*) &interface);
+        result = (*plugInInterface)
+                         ->QueryInterface(plugInInterface,
+                                          CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBInterfaceInterfaceID500),
+                                          (LPVOID*)&interface);
 
         // No longer need the intermediate plugin
         (*plugInInterface)->Release(plugInInterface);
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
 static int try_device(io_service_t device, usb_handle *handle) {
     kern_return_t kr;
     IOCFPlugInInterface **plugin = NULL;
-    IOUSBDeviceInterface182 **dev = NULL;
+    IOUSBDeviceInterface500** dev = NULL;
     SInt32 score;
     HRESULT result;
     UInt8 serialIndex;
@@ -287,8 +287,8 @@
     }
 
     // Now create the device interface.
-    result = (*plugin)->QueryInterface(plugin,
-            CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBDeviceInterfaceID), (LPVOID*) &dev);
+    result = (*plugin)->QueryInterface(plugin, CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(kIOUSBDeviceInterfaceID500),
+                                       (LPVOID*)&dev);
     if ((result != 0) || (dev == NULL)) {
         ERR("Couldn't create a device interface (%08x)\n", (int) result);
         goto error;
@@ -471,6 +471,10 @@
     return new OsxUsbTransport(std::move(handle), timeout_ms);
 }
 
+OsxUsbTransport::~OsxUsbTransport() {
+    Close();
+}
+
 int OsxUsbTransport::Close() {
     /* TODO: Something better here? */
     return 0;
diff --git a/fastboot/usb_windows.cpp b/fastboot/usb_windows.cpp
index 8c60a71..b00edb3 100644
--- a/fastboot/usb_windows.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/usb_windows.cpp
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@
 class WindowsUsbTransport : public UsbTransport {
   public:
     WindowsUsbTransport(std::unique_ptr<usb_handle> handle) : handle_(std::move(handle)) {}
-    ~WindowsUsbTransport() override = default;
+    ~WindowsUsbTransport() override;
 
     ssize_t Read(void* data, size_t len) override;
     ssize_t Write(const void* data, size_t len) override;
@@ -250,6 +250,10 @@
     }
 }
 
+WindowsUsbTransport::~WindowsUsbTransport() {
+    Close();
+}
+
 int WindowsUsbTransport::Close() {
     DBG("usb_close\n");
 
diff --git a/fastboot/util.cpp b/fastboot/util.cpp
index 8f6e52a..d02b37f 100644
--- a/fastboot/util.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/util.cpp
@@ -69,9 +69,3 @@
     }
     fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 }
-
-char* xstrdup(const char* s) {
-    char* result = strdup(s);
-    if (!result) die("out of memory");
-    return result;
-}
diff --git a/fastboot/util.h b/fastboot/util.h
index 9033f93..2535414 100644
--- a/fastboot/util.h
+++ b/fastboot/util.h
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 /* util stuff */
 double now();
-char* xstrdup(const char*);
 void set_verbose();
 
 // These printf-like functions are implemented in terms of vsnprintf, so they
diff --git a/fs_mgr/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/Android.bp
index 3cce0e8..974e13e 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/Android.bp
@@ -23,10 +23,6 @@
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
-        "-Wno-unused-variable",
-    ],
-    cppflags: [
-        "-std=gnu++1z",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -42,10 +38,10 @@
         "fs_mgr.cpp",
         "fs_mgr_format.cpp",
         "fs_mgr_verity.cpp",
-        "fs_mgr_avb.cpp",
-        "fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp",
         "fs_mgr_dm_linear.cpp",
         "fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp",
+        "fs_mgr_roots.cpp",
+        "fs_mgr_vendor_overlay.cpp",
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
@@ -60,10 +56,13 @@
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libavb",
+        "libfs_avb",
         "libfstab",
         "libdm",
+        "libgsi",
     ],
     export_static_lib_headers: [
+        "libfs_avb",
         "libfstab",
         "libdm",
     ],
@@ -94,12 +93,21 @@
     name: "libfstab",
     vendor_available: true,
     recovery_available: true,
+    host_supported: true,
     defaults: ["fs_mgr_defaults"],
     srcs: [
         "fs_mgr_fstab.cpp",
         "fs_mgr_boot_config.cpp",
         "fs_mgr_slotselect.cpp",
     ],
+    target: {
+        darwin: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+    },
     export_include_dirs: ["include_fstab"],
-    header_libs: ["libbase_headers"],
+    header_libs: [
+        "libbase_headers",
+        "libgsi_headers",
+    ],
 }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/OWNERS b/fs_mgr/OWNERS
index 817a0b8..cbbd3bc 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/OWNERS
+++ b/fs_mgr/OWNERS
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 bowgotsai@google.com
+dvander@google.com
 tomcherry@google.com
diff --git a/fs_mgr/README.overlayfs.md b/fs_mgr/README.overlayfs.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8784c94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/README.overlayfs.md
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+Android Overlayfs integration with adb remount
+==============================================
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+Users working with userdebug or eng builds expect to be able to
+remount the system partition as read-write and then add or modify
+any number of files without reflashing the system image, which is
+understandably efficient for a development cycle.
+Limited memory systems that chose to use readonly filesystems like
+*squashfs*, or *Logical Resizable Android Partitions* which land
+system partition images right-sized, and with filesystem that have
+been deduped on the block level to compress the content; means that
+either a remount is not possible directly, or when done offers
+little or no utility because of remaining space limitations or
+support logistics.
+
+*Overlayfs* comes to the rescue for these debug scenarios, and logic
+will _automatically_ setup backing storage for a writable filesystem
+as an upper reference, and mount overtop the lower.  These actions
+will be performed in the **adb disable-verity** and **adb remount**
+requests.
+
+Operations
+----------
+
+### Cookbook
+
+The typical action to utilize the remount facility is:
+
+    $ adb root
+    $ adb disable-verity
+    $ adb reboot
+    $ adb wait-for-device
+    $ adb root
+    $ adb remount
+
+Followed by one of the following:
+
+    $ adb stop
+    $ adb sync
+    $ adb start
+    $ adb reboot
+
+*or*
+
+    $ adb push <source> <destination>
+    $ adb reboot
+
+Note that the sequence above:
+
+    $ adb disable-verity
+    $ adb reboot
+
+*or*
+
+    $ adb remount
+
+can be replaced in both places with:
+
+    $ adb remount -R
+
+which will not reboot if everything is already prepared and ready
+to go.
+
+None of this changes if *overlayfs* needs to be engaged.
+The decisions whether to use traditional direct filesystem remount,
+or one wrapped by *overlayfs* is automatically determined based on
+a probe of the filesystem types and space remaining.
+
+### Backing Storage
+
+When *overlayfs* logic is feasible, it will use either the
+**/cache/overlay/** directory for non-A/B devices, or the
+**/mnt/scratch/overlay** directory for A/B devices that have
+access to *Logical Resizeable Android Partitions*.
+The backing store is used as soon as possible in the boot
+process and can occur at first stage init, or at the
+mount_all init rc commands.
+
+This early as possible attachment of *overlayfs* means that
+*sepolicy* or *init* itself can also be pushed and used after
+the exec phases that accompany each stage.
+
+Caveats
+-------
+
+- Space used in the backing storage is on a file by file basis
+  and will require more space than if updated in place.  As such
+  it is important to be mindful of any wasted space, for instance
+  **BOARD_<partition>IMAGE_PARTITION_RESERVED_SIZE** being defined
+  will have a negative impact on the overall right-sizing of images
+  and thus free dynamic partition space.
+- Kernel must have CONFIG_OVERLAY_FS=y and will need to be patched
+  with "*overlayfs: override_creds=off option bypass creator_cred*"
+  if higher than 4.6.
+- *adb enable-verity* will free up overlayfs and as a bonus the
+  device will be reverted pristine to before any content was updated.
+  Update engine does not take advantage of this, will perform a full OTA.
+- Update engine may not run if *fs_mgr_overlayfs_is_setup*() reports
+  true as adb remount overrides are incompatable with an OTA resources.
+- For implementation simplicity on retrofit dynamic partition devices,
+  take the whole alternate super (eg: if "*a*" slot, then the whole of
+  "*system_b*").
+  Since landing a filesystem on the alternate super physical device
+  without differentiating if it is setup to support logical or physical,
+  the alternate slot metadata and previous content will be lost.
+- If dynamic partitions runs out of space, resizing a logical
+  partition larger may fail because of the scratch partition.
+  If this happens, either fastboot flashall or adb enable-verity can
+  be used to clear scratch storage to permit the flash.
+  Then reinstate the overrides and continue.
+- File bugs or submit fixes for review.
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
index e3c2c2b..ded3678 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
 #include <libgen.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -34,9 +35,11 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <functional>
+#include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
+#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
@@ -49,19 +52,19 @@
 #include <cutils/partition_utils.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4.h>
-#include <ext4_utils/ext4_crypt_init_extensions.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4_sb.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4_utils.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/wipe.h>
+#include <fs_avb/fs_avb.h>
 #include <fs_mgr_overlayfs.h>
 #include <libdm/dm.h>
+#include <liblp/metadata_format.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <linux/loop.h>
 #include <linux/magic.h>
 #include <log/log_properties.h>
 #include <logwrap/logwrap.h>
 
-#include "fs_mgr_avb.h"
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
 
 #define KEY_LOC_PROP   "ro.crypto.keyfile.userdata"
@@ -76,11 +79,22 @@
 
 #define ZRAM_CONF_DEV   "/sys/block/zram0/disksize"
 #define ZRAM_CONF_MCS   "/sys/block/zram0/max_comp_streams"
+#define ZRAM_BACK_DEV   "/sys/block/zram0/backing_dev"
+
+#define SYSFS_EXT4_VERITY "/sys/fs/ext4/features/verity"
 
 #define ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof(*(a)))
 
+using android::base::Realpath;
+using android::base::StartsWith;
+using android::base::unique_fd;
 using android::dm::DeviceMapper;
 using android::dm::DmDeviceState;
+using android::fs_mgr::AvbHandle;
+using android::fs_mgr::AvbHashtreeResult;
+using android::fs_mgr::AvbUniquePtr;
+
+using namespace std::literals;
 
 // record fs stat
 enum FsStatFlags {
@@ -94,20 +108,25 @@
     FS_STAT_FULL_MOUNT_FAILED = 0x0100,
     FS_STAT_E2FSCK_FAILED = 0x0200,
     FS_STAT_E2FSCK_FS_FIXED = 0x0400,
-    FS_STAT_EXT4_INVALID_MAGIC = 0x0800,
+    FS_STAT_INVALID_MAGIC = 0x0800,
     FS_STAT_TOGGLE_QUOTAS_FAILED = 0x10000,
     FS_STAT_SET_RESERVED_BLOCKS_FAILED = 0x20000,
     FS_STAT_ENABLE_ENCRYPTION_FAILED = 0x40000,
+    FS_STAT_ENABLE_VERITY_FAILED = 0x80000,
 };
 
 // TODO: switch to inotify()
 bool fs_mgr_wait_for_file(const std::string& filename,
-                          const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout) {
+                          const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout,
+                          FileWaitMode file_wait_mode) {
     auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
     while (true) {
-        if (!access(filename.c_str(), F_OK) || errno != ENOENT) {
-            return true;
+        int rv = access(filename.c_str(), F_OK);
+        if (file_wait_mode == FileWaitMode::Exists) {
+            if (!rv || errno != ENOENT) return true;
+        } else if (file_wait_mode == FileWaitMode::DoesNotExist) {
+            if (rv && errno == ENOENT) return true;
         }
 
         std::this_thread::sleep_for(50ms);
@@ -118,10 +137,10 @@
     }
 }
 
-static void log_fs_stat(const char* blk_device, int fs_stat)
-{
+static void log_fs_stat(const std::string& blk_device, int fs_stat) {
     if ((fs_stat & FS_STAT_IS_EXT4) == 0) return; // only log ext4
-    std::string msg = android::base::StringPrintf("\nfs_stat,%s,0x%x\n", blk_device, fs_stat);
+    std::string msg =
+            android::base::StringPrintf("\nfs_stat,%s,0x%x\n", blk_device.c_str(), fs_stat);
     android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(FSCK_LOG_FILE, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC |
                                                         O_APPEND | O_CREAT, 0664)));
     if (fd == -1 || !android::base::WriteStringToFd(msg, fd)) {
@@ -133,6 +152,18 @@
     return fs_type == "ext4" || fs_type == "ext3" || fs_type == "ext2";
 }
 
+static bool is_f2fs(const std::string& fs_type) {
+    return fs_type == "f2fs";
+}
+
+static std::string realpath(const std::string& blk_device) {
+    std::string real_path;
+    if (!Realpath(blk_device, &real_path)) {
+        real_path = blk_device;
+    }
+    return real_path;
+}
+
 static bool should_force_check(int fs_stat) {
     return fs_stat &
            (FS_STAT_E2FSCK_F_ALWAYS | FS_STAT_UNCLEAN_SHUTDOWN | FS_STAT_QUOTA_ENABLED |
@@ -141,20 +172,21 @@
             FS_STAT_SET_RESERVED_BLOCKS_FAILED | FS_STAT_ENABLE_ENCRYPTION_FAILED);
 }
 
-static void check_fs(const char *blk_device, char *fs_type, char *target, int *fs_stat)
-{
+static void check_fs(const std::string& blk_device, const std::string& fs_type,
+                     const std::string& target, int* fs_stat) {
     int status;
     int ret;
     long tmpmnt_flags = MS_NOATIME | MS_NOEXEC | MS_NOSUID;
-    char tmpmnt_opts[64] = "errors=remount-ro";
-    const char* e2fsck_argv[] = {E2FSCK_BIN, "-y", blk_device};
-    const char* e2fsck_forced_argv[] = {E2FSCK_BIN, "-f", "-y", blk_device};
+    auto tmpmnt_opts = "errors=remount-ro"s;
+    const char* e2fsck_argv[] = {E2FSCK_BIN, "-y", blk_device.c_str()};
+    const char* e2fsck_forced_argv[] = {E2FSCK_BIN, "-f", "-y", blk_device.c_str()};
+
+    if (*fs_stat & FS_STAT_INVALID_MAGIC) {  // will fail, so do not try
+        return;
+    }
 
     /* Check for the types of filesystems we know how to check */
     if (is_extfs(fs_type)) {
-        if (*fs_stat & FS_STAT_EXT4_INVALID_MAGIC) {  // will fail, so do not try
-            return;
-        }
         /*
          * First try to mount and unmount the filesystem.  We do this because
          * the kernel is more efficient than e2fsck in running the journal and
@@ -170,18 +202,19 @@
          */
         if (!(*fs_stat & FS_STAT_FULL_MOUNT_FAILED)) {  // already tried if full mount failed
             errno = 0;
-            if (!strcmp(fs_type, "ext4")) {
+            if (fs_type == "ext4") {
                 // This option is only valid with ext4
-                strlcat(tmpmnt_opts, ",nomblk_io_submit", sizeof(tmpmnt_opts));
+                tmpmnt_opts += ",nomblk_io_submit";
             }
-            ret = mount(blk_device, target, fs_type, tmpmnt_flags, tmpmnt_opts);
+            ret = mount(blk_device.c_str(), target.c_str(), fs_type.c_str(), tmpmnt_flags,
+                        tmpmnt_opts.c_str());
             PINFO << __FUNCTION__ << "(): mount(" << blk_device << "," << target << "," << fs_type
                   << ")=" << ret;
             if (!ret) {
                 bool umounted = false;
                 int retry_count = 5;
                 while (retry_count-- > 0) {
-                    umounted = umount(target) == 0;
+                    umounted = umount(target.c_str()) == 0;
                     if (umounted) {
                         LINFO << __FUNCTION__ << "(): unmount(" << target << ") succeeded";
                         break;
@@ -204,10 +237,10 @@
          * (e.g. recent SDK system images). Detect these and skip the check.
          */
         if (access(E2FSCK_BIN, X_OK)) {
-            LINFO << "Not running " << E2FSCK_BIN << " on " << blk_device
+            LINFO << "Not running " << E2FSCK_BIN << " on " << realpath(blk_device)
                   << " (executable not in system image)";
         } else {
-            LINFO << "Running " << E2FSCK_BIN << " on " << blk_device;
+            LINFO << "Running " << E2FSCK_BIN << " on " << realpath(blk_device);
             if (should_force_check(*fs_stat)) {
                 ret = android_fork_execvp_ext(
                     ARRAY_SIZE(e2fsck_forced_argv), const_cast<char**>(e2fsck_forced_argv), &status,
@@ -227,13 +260,9 @@
                 *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_E2FSCK_FS_FIXED;
             }
         }
-    } else if (!strcmp(fs_type, "f2fs")) {
-            const char *f2fs_fsck_argv[] = {
-                    F2FS_FSCK_BIN,
-                    "-a",
-                    blk_device
-            };
-        LINFO << "Running " << F2FS_FSCK_BIN << " -a " << blk_device;
+    } else if (is_f2fs(fs_type)) {
+        const char* f2fs_fsck_argv[] = {F2FS_FSCK_BIN, "-a", blk_device.c_str()};
+        LINFO << "Running " << F2FS_FSCK_BIN << " -a " << realpath(blk_device);
 
         ret = android_fork_execvp_ext(ARRAY_SIZE(f2fs_fsck_argv),
                                       const_cast<char **>(f2fs_fsck_argv),
@@ -267,9 +296,10 @@
 }
 
 // Read the primary superblock from an ext4 filesystem.  On failure return
-// false.  If it's not an ext4 filesystem, also set FS_STAT_EXT4_INVALID_MAGIC.
-static bool read_ext4_superblock(const char* blk_device, struct ext4_super_block* sb, int* fs_stat) {
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(blk_device, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
+// false.  If it's not an ext4 filesystem, also set FS_STAT_INVALID_MAGIC.
+static bool read_ext4_superblock(const std::string& blk_device, struct ext4_super_block* sb,
+                                 int* fs_stat) {
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(blk_device.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
 
     if (fd < 0) {
         PERROR << "Failed to open '" << blk_device << "'";
@@ -284,7 +314,7 @@
     if (!is_ext4_superblock_valid(sb)) {
         LINFO << "Invalid ext4 superblock on '" << blk_device << "'";
         // not a valid fs, tune2fs, fsck, and mount  will all fail.
-        *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_EXT4_INVALID_MAGIC;
+        *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_INVALID_MAGIC;
         return false;
     }
     *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_IS_EXT4;
@@ -310,10 +340,10 @@
 }
 
 // Enable/disable quota support on the filesystem if needed.
-static void tune_quota(const char* blk_device, const struct fstab_rec* rec,
+static void tune_quota(const std::string& blk_device, const FstabEntry& entry,
                        const struct ext4_super_block* sb, int* fs_stat) {
     bool has_quota = (sb->s_feature_ro_compat & cpu_to_le32(EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_QUOTA)) != 0;
-    bool want_quota = fs_mgr_is_quota(rec) != 0;
+    bool want_quota = entry.fs_mgr_flags.quota;
 
     if (has_quota == want_quota) {
         return;
@@ -325,7 +355,7 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    const char* argv[] = {TUNE2FS_BIN, nullptr, nullptr, blk_device};
+    const char* argv[] = {TUNE2FS_BIN, nullptr, nullptr, blk_device.c_str()};
 
     if (want_quota) {
         LINFO << "Enabling quotas on " << blk_device;
@@ -346,16 +376,16 @@
 }
 
 // Set the number of reserved filesystem blocks if needed.
-static void tune_reserved_size(const char* blk_device, const struct fstab_rec* rec,
+static void tune_reserved_size(const std::string& blk_device, const FstabEntry& entry,
                                const struct ext4_super_block* sb, int* fs_stat) {
-    if (!(rec->fs_mgr_flags & MF_RESERVEDSIZE)) {
+    if (!entry.fs_mgr_flags.reserved_size) {
         return;
     }
 
     // The size to reserve is given in the fstab, but we won't reserve more
     // than 2% of the filesystem.
     const uint64_t max_reserved_blocks = ext4_blocks_count(sb) * 0.02;
-    uint64_t reserved_blocks = rec->reserved_size / EXT4_BLOCK_SIZE(sb);
+    uint64_t reserved_blocks = entry.reserved_size / EXT4_BLOCK_SIZE(sb);
 
     if (reserved_blocks > max_reserved_blocks) {
         LWARNING << "Reserved blocks " << reserved_blocks << " is too large; "
@@ -378,7 +408,8 @@
     auto reserved_blocks_str = std::to_string(reserved_blocks);
     auto reserved_gid_str = std::to_string(AID_RESERVED_DISK);
     const char* argv[] = {
-        TUNE2FS_BIN, "-r", reserved_blocks_str.c_str(), "-g", reserved_gid_str.c_str(), blk_device};
+            TUNE2FS_BIN,       "-r", reserved_blocks_str.c_str(), "-g", reserved_gid_str.c_str(),
+            blk_device.c_str()};
     if (!run_tune2fs(argv, ARRAY_SIZE(argv))) {
         LERROR << "Failed to run " TUNE2FS_BIN " to set the number of reserved blocks on "
                << blk_device;
@@ -387,10 +418,10 @@
 }
 
 // Enable file-based encryption if needed.
-static void tune_encrypt(const char* blk_device, const struct fstab_rec* rec,
+static void tune_encrypt(const std::string& blk_device, const FstabEntry& entry,
                          const struct ext4_super_block* sb, int* fs_stat) {
     bool has_encrypt = (sb->s_feature_incompat & cpu_to_le32(EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_ENCRYPT)) != 0;
-    bool want_encrypt = fs_mgr_is_file_encrypted(rec) != 0;
+    bool want_encrypt = entry.fs_mgr_flags.file_encryption;
 
     if (has_encrypt || !want_encrypt) {
         return;
@@ -402,7 +433,7 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    const char* argv[] = {TUNE2FS_BIN, "-Oencrypt", blk_device};
+    const char* argv[] = {TUNE2FS_BIN, "-Oencrypt", blk_device.c_str()};
 
     LINFO << "Enabling ext4 encryption on " << blk_device;
     if (!run_tune2fs(argv, ARRAY_SIZE(argv))) {
@@ -412,6 +443,73 @@
     }
 }
 
+// Enable fs-verity if needed.
+static void tune_verity(const std::string& blk_device, const FstabEntry& entry,
+                        const struct ext4_super_block* sb, int* fs_stat) {
+    bool has_verity = (sb->s_feature_ro_compat & cpu_to_le32(EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_VERITY)) != 0;
+    bool want_verity = entry.fs_mgr_flags.fs_verity;
+
+    if (has_verity || !want_verity) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::string verity_support;
+    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(SYSFS_EXT4_VERITY, &verity_support)) {
+        LERROR << "Failed to open " << SYSFS_EXT4_VERITY;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!(android::base::Trim(verity_support) == "supported")) {
+        LERROR << "Current ext4 verity not supported by kernel";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!tune2fs_available()) {
+        LERROR << "Unable to enable ext4 verity on " << blk_device
+               << " because " TUNE2FS_BIN " is missing";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    LINFO << "Enabling ext4 verity on " << blk_device;
+
+    const char* argv[] = {TUNE2FS_BIN, "-O", "verity", blk_device.c_str()};
+    if (!run_tune2fs(argv, ARRAY_SIZE(argv))) {
+        LERROR << "Failed to run " TUNE2FS_BIN " to enable "
+               << "ext4 verity on " << blk_device;
+        *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_ENABLE_VERITY_FAILED;
+    }
+}
+
+// Read the primary superblock from an f2fs filesystem.  On failure return
+// false.  If it's not an f2fs filesystem, also set FS_STAT_INVALID_MAGIC.
+#define F2FS_BLKSIZE 4096
+#define F2FS_SUPER_OFFSET 1024
+static bool read_f2fs_superblock(const std::string& blk_device, int* fs_stat) {
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(blk_device.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    __le32 sb1, sb2;
+
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        PERROR << "Failed to open '" << blk_device << "'";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (pread(fd, &sb1, sizeof(sb1), F2FS_SUPER_OFFSET) != sizeof(sb1)) {
+        PERROR << "Can't read '" << blk_device << "' superblock1";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (pread(fd, &sb2, sizeof(sb2), F2FS_BLKSIZE + F2FS_SUPER_OFFSET) != sizeof(sb2)) {
+        PERROR << "Can't read '" << blk_device << "' superblock2";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (sb1 != cpu_to_le32(F2FS_SUPER_MAGIC) && sb2 != cpu_to_le32(F2FS_SUPER_MAGIC)) {
+        LINFO << "Invalid f2fs superblock on '" << blk_device << "'";
+        *fs_stat |= FS_STAT_INVALID_MAGIC;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 //
 // Prepare the filesystem on the given block device to be mounted.
 //
@@ -421,10 +519,10 @@
 // If needed, we'll also enable (or disable) filesystem features as specified by
 // the fstab record.
 //
-static int prepare_fs_for_mount(const char* blk_device, const struct fstab_rec* rec) {
+static int prepare_fs_for_mount(const std::string& blk_device, const FstabEntry& entry) {
     int fs_stat = 0;
 
-    if (is_extfs(rec->fs_type)) {
+    if (is_extfs(entry.fs_type)) {
         struct ext4_super_block sb;
 
         if (read_ext4_superblock(blk_device, &sb, &fs_stat)) {
@@ -437,60 +535,45 @@
             }
 
             // Note: quotas should be enabled before running fsck.
-            tune_quota(blk_device, rec, &sb, &fs_stat);
+            tune_quota(blk_device, entry, &sb, &fs_stat);
         } else {
             return fs_stat;
         }
+    } else if (is_f2fs(entry.fs_type)) {
+        if (!read_f2fs_superblock(blk_device, &fs_stat)) {
+            return fs_stat;
+        }
     }
 
-    if ((rec->fs_mgr_flags & MF_CHECK) ||
+    if (entry.fs_mgr_flags.check ||
         (fs_stat & (FS_STAT_UNCLEAN_SHUTDOWN | FS_STAT_QUOTA_ENABLED))) {
-        check_fs(blk_device, rec->fs_type, rec->mount_point, &fs_stat);
+        check_fs(blk_device, entry.fs_type, entry.mount_point, &fs_stat);
     }
 
-    if (is_extfs(rec->fs_type) && (rec->fs_mgr_flags & (MF_RESERVEDSIZE | MF_FILEENCRYPTION))) {
+    if (is_extfs(entry.fs_type) &&
+        (entry.fs_mgr_flags.reserved_size || entry.fs_mgr_flags.file_encryption ||
+         entry.fs_mgr_flags.fs_verity)) {
         struct ext4_super_block sb;
 
         if (read_ext4_superblock(blk_device, &sb, &fs_stat)) {
-            tune_reserved_size(blk_device, rec, &sb, &fs_stat);
-            tune_encrypt(blk_device, rec, &sb, &fs_stat);
+            tune_reserved_size(blk_device, entry, &sb, &fs_stat);
+            tune_encrypt(blk_device, entry, &sb, &fs_stat);
+            tune_verity(blk_device, entry, &sb, &fs_stat);
         }
     }
 
     return fs_stat;
 }
 
-static void remove_trailing_slashes(char *n)
-{
-    int len;
-
-    len = strlen(n) - 1;
-    while ((*(n + len) == '/') && len) {
-      *(n + len) = '\0';
-      len--;
-    }
-}
-
-/*
- * Mark the given block device as read-only, using the BLKROSET ioctl.
- * Return 0 on success, and -1 on error.
- */
-int fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(const char *blockdev)
-{
-    int fd;
-    int rc = -1;
-    int ON = 1;
-
-    fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(blockdev, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
+// Mark the given block device as read-only, using the BLKROSET ioctl.
+bool fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(const std::string& blockdev, bool readonly) {
+    unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(blockdev.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
     if (fd < 0) {
-        // should never happen
-        return rc;
+        return false;
     }
 
-    rc = ioctl(fd, BLKROSET, &ON);
-    close(fd);
-
-    return rc;
+    int ON = readonly;
+    return ioctl(fd, BLKROSET, &ON) == 0;
 }
 
 // Orange state means the device is unlocked, see the following link for details.
@@ -503,30 +586,42 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-/*
- * __mount(): wrapper around the mount() system call which also
- * sets the underlying block device to read-only if the mount is read-only.
- * See "man 2 mount" for return values.
- */
-static int __mount(const char *source, const char *target, const struct fstab_rec *rec)
-{
-    unsigned long mountflags = rec->flags;
-    int ret;
-    int save_errno;
-
-    /* We need this because sometimes we have legacy symlinks
-     * that are lingering around and need cleaning up.
-     */
+// __mount(): wrapper around the mount() system call which also
+// sets the underlying block device to read-only if the mount is read-only.
+// See "man 2 mount" for return values.
+static int __mount(const std::string& source, const std::string& target, const FstabEntry& entry) {
+    // We need this because sometimes we have legacy symlinks that are
+    // lingering around and need cleaning up.
     struct stat info;
-    if (!lstat(target, &info))
-        if ((info.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK)
-            unlink(target);
-    mkdir(target, 0755);
+    if (lstat(target.c_str(), &info) == 0 && (info.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK) {
+        unlink(target.c_str());
+    }
+    mkdir(target.c_str(), 0755);
     errno = 0;
-    ret = mount(source, target, rec->fs_type, mountflags, rec->fs_options);
-    save_errno = errno;
-    PINFO << __FUNCTION__ << "(source=" << source << ",target=" << target
-          << ",type=" << rec->fs_type << ")=" << ret;
+    unsigned long mountflags = entry.flags;
+    int ret = 0;
+    int save_errno = 0;
+    do {
+        if (save_errno == EAGAIN) {
+            PINFO << "Retrying mount (source=" << source << ",target=" << target
+                  << ",type=" << entry.fs_type << ")=" << ret << "(" << save_errno << ")";
+        }
+        ret = mount(source.c_str(), target.c_str(), entry.fs_type.c_str(), mountflags,
+                    entry.fs_options.c_str());
+        save_errno = errno;
+    } while (ret && save_errno == EAGAIN);
+    const char* target_missing = "";
+    const char* source_missing = "";
+    if (save_errno == ENOENT) {
+        if (access(target.c_str(), F_OK)) {
+            target_missing = "(missing)";
+        } else if (access(source.c_str(), F_OK)) {
+            source_missing = "(missing)";
+        }
+        errno = save_errno;
+    }
+    PINFO << __FUNCTION__ << "(source=" << source << source_missing << ",target=" << target
+          << target_missing << ",type=" << entry.fs_type << ")=" << ret;
     if ((ret == 0) && (mountflags & MS_RDONLY) != 0) {
         fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(source);
     }
@@ -534,250 +629,208 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
-static int fs_match(const char *in1, const char *in2)
-{
-    char *n1;
-    char *n2;
-    int ret;
-
-    n1 = strdup(in1);
-    n2 = strdup(in2);
-
-    remove_trailing_slashes(n1);
-    remove_trailing_slashes(n2);
-
-    ret = !strcmp(n1, n2);
-
-    free(n1);
-    free(n2);
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-/*
- * Tries to mount any of the consecutive fstab entries that match
- * the mountpoint of the one given by fstab->recs[start_idx].
- *
- * end_idx: On return, will be the last rec that was looked at.
- * attempted_idx: On return, will indicate which fstab rec
- *     succeeded. In case of failure, it will be the start_idx.
- * Returns
- *   -1 on failure with errno set to match the 1st mount failure.
- *   0 on success.
- */
-static int mount_with_alternatives(struct fstab *fstab, int start_idx, int *end_idx, int *attempted_idx)
-{
-    int i;
-    int mount_errno = 0;
-    int mounted = 0;
-
-    if (!end_idx || !attempted_idx || start_idx >= fstab->num_entries) {
-      errno = EINVAL;
-      if (end_idx) *end_idx = start_idx;
-      if (attempted_idx) *attempted_idx = start_idx;
-      return -1;
+static bool fs_match(const std::string& in1, const std::string& in2) {
+    if (in1.empty() || in2.empty()) {
+        return false;
     }
 
-    /* Hunt down an fstab entry for the same mount point that might succeed */
+    auto in1_end = in1.size() - 1;
+    while (in1_end > 0 && in1[in1_end] == '/') {
+        in1_end--;
+    }
+
+    auto in2_end = in2.size() - 1;
+    while (in2_end > 0 && in2[in2_end] == '/') {
+        in2_end--;
+    }
+
+    if (in1_end != in2_end) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i <= in1_end; ++i) {
+        if (in1[i] != in2[i]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Tries to mount any of the consecutive fstab entries that match
+// the mountpoint of the one given by fstab[start_idx].
+//
+// end_idx: On return, will be the last entry that was looked at.
+// attempted_idx: On return, will indicate which fstab entry
+//     succeeded. In case of failure, it will be the start_idx.
+// Sets errno to match the 1st mount failure on failure.
+static bool mount_with_alternatives(const Fstab& fstab, int start_idx, int* end_idx,
+                                    int* attempted_idx) {
+    unsigned long i;
+    int mount_errno = 0;
+    bool mounted = false;
+
+    // Hunt down an fstab entry for the same mount point that might succeed.
     for (i = start_idx;
-         /* We required that fstab entries for the same mountpoint be consecutive */
-         i < fstab->num_entries && !strcmp(fstab->recs[start_idx].mount_point, fstab->recs[i].mount_point);
-         i++) {
-            /*
-             * Don't try to mount/encrypt the same mount point again.
-             * Deal with alternate entries for the same point which are required to be all following
-             * each other.
-             */
-            if (mounted) {
-                LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): skipping fstab dup mountpoint="
-                       << fstab->recs[i].mount_point << " rec[" << i
-                       << "].fs_type=" << fstab->recs[i].fs_type
-                       << " already mounted as "
-                       << fstab->recs[*attempted_idx].fs_type;
-                continue;
-            }
+         // We required that fstab entries for the same mountpoint be consecutive.
+         i < fstab.size() && fstab[start_idx].mount_point == fstab[i].mount_point; i++) {
+        // Don't try to mount/encrypt the same mount point again.
+        // Deal with alternate entries for the same point which are required to be all following
+        // each other.
+        if (mounted) {
+            LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): skipping fstab dup mountpoint=" << fstab[i].mount_point
+                   << " rec[" << i << "].fs_type=" << fstab[i].fs_type << " already mounted as "
+                   << fstab[*attempted_idx].fs_type;
+            continue;
+        }
 
-            int fs_stat = prepare_fs_for_mount(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, &fstab->recs[i]);
-            if (fs_stat & FS_STAT_EXT4_INVALID_MAGIC) {
-                LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): skipping mount, invalid ext4, mountpoint="
-                       << fstab->recs[i].mount_point << " rec[" << i
-                       << "].fs_type=" << fstab->recs[i].fs_type;
-                mount_errno = EINVAL;  // continue bootup for FDE
-                continue;
-            }
+        int fs_stat = prepare_fs_for_mount(fstab[i].blk_device, fstab[i]);
+        if (fs_stat & FS_STAT_INVALID_MAGIC) {
+            LERROR << __FUNCTION__
+                   << "(): skipping mount due to invalid magic, mountpoint=" << fstab[i].mount_point
+                   << " blk_dev=" << realpath(fstab[i].blk_device) << " rec[" << i
+                   << "].fs_type=" << fstab[i].fs_type;
+            mount_errno = EINVAL;  // continue bootup for FDE
+            continue;
+        }
 
-            int retry_count = 2;
-            while (retry_count-- > 0) {
-                if (!__mount(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, fstab->recs[i].mount_point,
-                             &fstab->recs[i])) {
-                    *attempted_idx = i;
-                    mounted = 1;
-                    if (i != start_idx) {
-                        LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): Mounted " << fstab->recs[i].blk_device
-                               << " on " << fstab->recs[i].mount_point
-                               << " with fs_type=" << fstab->recs[i].fs_type << " instead of "
-                               << fstab->recs[start_idx].fs_type;
-                    }
-                    fs_stat &= ~FS_STAT_FULL_MOUNT_FAILED;
-                    mount_errno = 0;
-                    break;
-                } else {
-                    if (retry_count <= 0) break;  // run check_fs only once
-                    fs_stat |= FS_STAT_FULL_MOUNT_FAILED;
-                    /* back up the first errno for crypto decisions */
-                    if (mount_errno == 0) {
-                        mount_errno = errno;
-                    }
-                    // retry after fsck
-                    check_fs(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, fstab->recs[i].fs_type,
-                             fstab->recs[i].mount_point, &fs_stat);
+        int retry_count = 2;
+        while (retry_count-- > 0) {
+            if (!__mount(fstab[i].blk_device, fstab[i].mount_point, fstab[i])) {
+                *attempted_idx = i;
+                mounted = true;
+                if (i != start_idx) {
+                    LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): Mounted " << fstab[i].blk_device << " on "
+                           << fstab[i].mount_point << " with fs_type=" << fstab[i].fs_type
+                           << " instead of " << fstab[start_idx].fs_type;
                 }
+                fs_stat &= ~FS_STAT_FULL_MOUNT_FAILED;
+                mount_errno = 0;
+                break;
+            } else {
+                if (retry_count <= 0) break;  // run check_fs only once
+                fs_stat |= FS_STAT_FULL_MOUNT_FAILED;
+                // back up the first errno for crypto decisions.
+                if (mount_errno == 0) {
+                    mount_errno = errno;
+                }
+                // retry after fsck
+                check_fs(fstab[i].blk_device, fstab[i].fs_type, fstab[i].mount_point, &fs_stat);
             }
-            log_fs_stat(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, fs_stat);
+        }
+        log_fs_stat(fstab[i].blk_device, fs_stat);
     }
 
     /* Adjust i for the case where it was still withing the recs[] */
-    if (i < fstab->num_entries) --i;
+    if (i < fstab.size()) --i;
 
     *end_idx = i;
     if (!mounted) {
         *attempted_idx = start_idx;
         errno = mount_errno;
-        return -1;
+        return false;
     }
-    return 0;
+    return true;
 }
 
-static int translate_ext_labels(struct fstab_rec *rec)
-{
-    DIR *blockdir = NULL;
-    struct dirent *ent;
-    char *label;
-    size_t label_len;
-    int ret = -1;
-
-    if (strncmp(rec->blk_device, "LABEL=", 6))
-        return 0;
-
-    label = rec->blk_device + 6;
-    label_len = strlen(label);
-
-    if (label_len > 16) {
-        LERROR << "FS label is longer than allowed by filesystem";
-        goto out;
+static bool TranslateExtLabels(FstabEntry* entry) {
+    if (!StartsWith(entry->blk_device, "LABEL=")) {
+        return true;
     }
 
+    std::string label = entry->blk_device.substr(6);
+    if (label.size() > 16) {
+        LERROR << "FS label is longer than allowed by filesystem";
+        return false;
+    }
 
-    blockdir = opendir("/dev/block");
+    auto blockdir = std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)>{opendir("/dev/block"), closedir};
     if (!blockdir) {
         LERROR << "couldn't open /dev/block";
-        goto out;
+        return false;
     }
 
-    while ((ent = readdir(blockdir))) {
-        int fd;
-        char super_buf[1024];
-        struct ext4_super_block *sb;
-
+    struct dirent* ent;
+    while ((ent = readdir(blockdir.get()))) {
         if (ent->d_type != DT_BLK)
             continue;
 
-        fd = openat(dirfd(blockdir), ent->d_name, O_RDONLY);
+        unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
+                openat(dirfd(blockdir.get()), ent->d_name, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
         if (fd < 0) {
             LERROR << "Cannot open block device /dev/block/" << ent->d_name;
-            goto out;
+            return false;
         }
 
+        ext4_super_block super_block;
         if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(lseek(fd, 1024, SEEK_SET)) < 0 ||
-            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, super_buf, 1024)) != 1024) {
-            /* Probably a loopback device or something else without a readable
-             * superblock.
-             */
-            close(fd);
+            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, &super_block, sizeof(super_block))) !=
+                    sizeof(super_block)) {
+            // Probably a loopback device or something else without a readable superblock.
             continue;
         }
 
-        sb = (struct ext4_super_block *)super_buf;
-        if (sb->s_magic != EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC) {
+        if (super_block.s_magic != EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC) {
             LINFO << "/dev/block/" << ent->d_name << " not ext{234}";
             continue;
         }
 
-        if (!strncmp(label, sb->s_volume_name, label_len)) {
-            char *new_blk_device;
+        if (label == super_block.s_volume_name) {
+            std::string new_blk_device = "/dev/block/"s + ent->d_name;
 
-            if (asprintf(&new_blk_device, "/dev/block/%s", ent->d_name) < 0) {
-                LERROR << "Could not allocate block device string";
-                goto out;
-            }
+            LINFO << "resolved label " << entry->blk_device << " to " << new_blk_device;
 
-            LINFO << "resolved label " << rec->blk_device << " to "
-                  << new_blk_device;
-
-            free(rec->blk_device);
-            rec->blk_device = new_blk_device;
-            ret = 0;
-            break;
+            entry->blk_device = new_blk_device;
+            return true;
         }
     }
 
-out:
-    closedir(blockdir);
-    return ret;
+    return false;
 }
 
-static bool needs_block_encryption(const struct fstab_rec* rec)
-{
-    if (android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.vold.forceencryption", false) &&
-        fs_mgr_is_encryptable(rec))
+static bool needs_block_encryption(const FstabEntry& entry) {
+    if (android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.vold.forceencryption", false) && entry.is_encryptable())
         return true;
-    if (rec->fs_mgr_flags & MF_FORCECRYPT) return true;
-    if (rec->fs_mgr_flags & MF_CRYPT) {
-        /* Check for existence of convert_fde breadcrumb file */
-        char convert_fde_name[PATH_MAX];
-        snprintf(convert_fde_name, sizeof(convert_fde_name),
-                 "%s/misc/vold/convert_fde", rec->mount_point);
-        if (access(convert_fde_name, F_OK) == 0) return true;
+    if (entry.fs_mgr_flags.force_crypt) return true;
+    if (entry.fs_mgr_flags.crypt) {
+        // Check for existence of convert_fde breadcrumb file.
+        auto convert_fde_name = entry.mount_point + "/misc/vold/convert_fde";
+        if (access(convert_fde_name.c_str(), F_OK) == 0) return true;
     }
-    if (rec->fs_mgr_flags & MF_FORCEFDEORFBE) {
-        /* Check for absence of convert_fbe breadcrumb file */
-        char convert_fbe_name[PATH_MAX];
-        snprintf(convert_fbe_name, sizeof(convert_fbe_name),
-                 "%s/convert_fbe", rec->mount_point);
-        if (access(convert_fbe_name, F_OK) != 0) return true;
+    if (entry.fs_mgr_flags.force_fde_or_fbe) {
+        // Check for absence of convert_fbe breadcrumb file.
+        auto convert_fbe_name = entry.mount_point + "/convert_fbe";
+        if (access(convert_fbe_name.c_str(), F_OK) != 0) return true;
     }
     return false;
 }
 
-static bool should_use_metadata_encryption(const struct fstab_rec* rec) {
-    if (!(rec->fs_mgr_flags & (MF_FILEENCRYPTION | MF_FORCEFDEORFBE))) return false;
-    if (!(rec->fs_mgr_flags & MF_KEYDIRECTORY)) return false;
-    return true;
+static bool should_use_metadata_encryption(const FstabEntry& entry) {
+    return entry.fs_mgr_flags.key_directory &&
+           (entry.fs_mgr_flags.file_encryption || entry.fs_mgr_flags.force_fde_or_fbe);
 }
 
 // Check to see if a mountable volume has encryption requirements
-static int handle_encryptable(const struct fstab_rec* rec)
-{
-    /* If this is block encryptable, need to trigger encryption */
-    if (needs_block_encryption(rec)) {
-        if (umount(rec->mount_point) == 0) {
+static int handle_encryptable(const FstabEntry& entry) {
+    // If this is block encryptable, need to trigger encryption.
+    if (needs_block_encryption(entry)) {
+        if (umount(entry.mount_point.c_str()) == 0) {
             return FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NEEDS_ENCRYPTION;
         } else {
-            PWARNING << "Could not umount " << rec->mount_point
-                     << " - allow continue unencrypted";
+            PWARNING << "Could not umount " << entry.mount_point << " - allow continue unencrypted";
             return FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NOT_ENCRYPTED;
         }
-    } else if (should_use_metadata_encryption(rec)) {
-        if (umount(rec->mount_point) == 0) {
+    } else if (should_use_metadata_encryption(entry)) {
+        if (umount(entry.mount_point.c_str()) == 0) {
             return FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NEEDS_METADATA_ENCRYPTION;
         } else {
-            PERROR << "Could not umount " << rec->mount_point << " - fail since can't encrypt";
+            PERROR << "Could not umount " << entry.mount_point << " - fail since can't encrypt";
             return FS_MGR_MNTALL_FAIL;
         }
-    } else if (rec->fs_mgr_flags & (MF_FILEENCRYPTION | MF_FORCEFDEORFBE)) {
-        LINFO << rec->mount_point << " is file encrypted";
+    } else if (entry.fs_mgr_flags.file_encryption || entry.fs_mgr_flags.force_fde_or_fbe) {
+        LINFO << entry.mount_point << " is file encrypted";
         return FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_FILE_ENCRYPTED;
-    } else if (fs_mgr_is_encryptable(rec)) {
+    } else if (entry.is_encryptable()) {
         return FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NOT_ENCRYPTED;
     } else {
         return FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NOT_ENCRYPTABLE;
@@ -801,106 +854,257 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(struct fstab_rec* rec) {
+static bool call_vdc_ret(const std::vector<std::string>& args, int* ret) {
+    std::vector<char const*> argv;
+    argv.emplace_back("/system/bin/vdc");
+    for (auto& arg : args) {
+        argv.emplace_back(arg.c_str());
+    }
+    LOG(INFO) << "Calling: " << android::base::Join(argv, ' ');
+    int err = android_fork_execvp(argv.size(), const_cast<char**>(argv.data()), ret, false, true);
+    if (err != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "vdc call failed with error code: " << err;
+        return false;
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "vdc finished successfully";
+    *ret = WEXITSTATUS(*ret);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(FstabEntry* entry) {
     // Logical partitions are specified with a named partition rather than a
     // block device, so if the block device is a path, then it has already
     // been updated.
-    if (rec->blk_device[0] == '/') {
+    if (entry->blk_device[0] == '/') {
         return true;
     }
 
     DeviceMapper& dm = DeviceMapper::Instance();
     std::string device_name;
-    if (!dm.GetDmDevicePathByName(rec->blk_device, &device_name)) {
+    if (!dm.GetDmDevicePathByName(entry->blk_device, &device_name)) {
         return false;
     }
-    free(rec->blk_device);
-    rec->blk_device = strdup(device_name.c_str());
+
+    entry->blk_device = device_name;
     return true;
 }
 
-/* When multiple fstab records share the same mount_point, it will
- * try to mount each one in turn, and ignore any duplicates after a
- * first successful mount.
- * Returns -1 on error, and  FS_MGR_MNTALL_* otherwise.
- */
-int fs_mgr_mount_all(struct fstab *fstab, int mount_mode)
-{
-    int i = 0;
+bool fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(struct fstab_rec* rec) {
+    auto entry = FstabRecToFstabEntry(rec);
+
+    if (!fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(&entry)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    free(rec->blk_device);
+    rec->blk_device = strdup(entry.blk_device.c_str());
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+class CheckpointManager {
+  public:
+    CheckpointManager(int needs_checkpoint = -1) : needs_checkpoint_(needs_checkpoint) {}
+
+    bool Update(FstabEntry* entry) {
+        if (!entry->fs_mgr_flags.checkpoint_blk && !entry->fs_mgr_flags.checkpoint_fs) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (entry->fs_mgr_flags.checkpoint_blk) {
+            call_vdc({"checkpoint", "restoreCheckpoint", entry->blk_device});
+        }
+
+        if (needs_checkpoint_ == UNKNOWN &&
+            !call_vdc_ret({"checkpoint", "needsCheckpoint"}, &needs_checkpoint_)) {
+            LERROR << "Failed to find if checkpointing is needed. Assuming no.";
+            needs_checkpoint_ = NO;
+        }
+
+        if (needs_checkpoint_ != YES) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (!UpdateCheckpointPartition(entry)) {
+            LERROR << "Could not set up checkpoint partition, skipping!";
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool Revert(FstabEntry* entry) {
+        if (!entry->fs_mgr_flags.checkpoint_blk && !entry->fs_mgr_flags.checkpoint_fs) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (device_map_.find(entry->blk_device) == device_map_.end()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        std::string bow_device = entry->blk_device;
+        entry->blk_device = device_map_[bow_device];
+        device_map_.erase(bow_device);
+
+        DeviceMapper& dm = DeviceMapper::Instance();
+        if (!dm.DeleteDevice("bow")) {
+            PERROR << "Failed to remove bow device";
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    bool UpdateCheckpointPartition(FstabEntry* entry) {
+        if (entry->fs_mgr_flags.checkpoint_fs) {
+            if (is_f2fs(entry->fs_type)) {
+                entry->fs_options += ",checkpoint=disable";
+            } else {
+                LERROR << entry->fs_type << " does not implement checkpoints.";
+            }
+        } else if (entry->fs_mgr_flags.checkpoint_blk) {
+            unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(entry->blk_device.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
+            if (fd < 0) {
+                PERROR << "Cannot open device " << entry->blk_device;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            uint64_t size = get_block_device_size(fd) / 512;
+            if (!size) {
+                PERROR << "Cannot get device size";
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            android::dm::DmTable table;
+            if (!table.AddTarget(
+                        std::make_unique<android::dm::DmTargetBow>(0, size, entry->blk_device))) {
+                LERROR << "Failed to add bow target";
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            DeviceMapper& dm = DeviceMapper::Instance();
+            if (!dm.CreateDevice("bow", table)) {
+                PERROR << "Failed to create bow device";
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            std::string name;
+            if (!dm.GetDmDevicePathByName("bow", &name)) {
+                PERROR << "Failed to get bow device name";
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            device_map_[name] = entry->blk_device;
+            entry->blk_device = name;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    enum { UNKNOWN = -1, NO = 0, YES = 1 };
+    int needs_checkpoint_;
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> device_map_;
+};
+
+static bool IsMountPointMounted(const std::string& mount_point) {
+    // Check if this is already mounted.
+    Fstab fstab;
+    if (!ReadFstabFromFile("/proc/mounts", &fstab)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    auto it = std::find_if(fstab.begin(), fstab.end(),
+                           [&](const auto& entry) { return entry.mount_point == mount_point; });
+    return it != fstab.end();
+}
+
+// When multiple fstab records share the same mount_point, it will try to mount each
+// one in turn, and ignore any duplicates after a first successful mount.
+// Returns -1 on error, and  FS_MGR_MNTALL_* otherwise.
+int fs_mgr_mount_all(Fstab* fstab, int mount_mode) {
     int encryptable = FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NOT_ENCRYPTABLE;
     int error_count = 0;
-    int mret = -1;
-    int mount_errno = 0;
-    int attempted_idx = -1;
-    FsManagerAvbUniquePtr avb_handle(nullptr);
+    CheckpointManager checkpoint_manager;
+    AvbUniquePtr avb_handle(nullptr);
 
-    if (!fstab) {
+    if (fstab->empty()) {
         return FS_MGR_MNTALL_FAIL;
     }
 
-    for (i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; i++) {
-        /* Don't mount entries that are managed by vold or not for the mount mode*/
-        if ((fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & (MF_VOLDMANAGED | MF_RECOVERYONLY)) ||
-             ((mount_mode == MOUNT_MODE_LATE) && !fs_mgr_is_latemount(&fstab->recs[i])) ||
-             ((mount_mode == MOUNT_MODE_EARLY) && fs_mgr_is_latemount(&fstab->recs[i]))) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < fstab->size(); i++) {
+        auto& current_entry = (*fstab)[i];
+
+        // If a filesystem should have been mounted in the first stage, we
+        // ignore it here. With one exception, if the filesystem is
+        // formattable, then it can only be formatted in the second stage,
+        // so we allow it to mount here.
+        if (current_entry.fs_mgr_flags.first_stage_mount &&
+            (!current_entry.fs_mgr_flags.formattable ||
+             IsMountPointMounted(current_entry.mount_point))) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        /* Skip swap and raw partition entries such as boot, recovery, etc */
-        if (!strcmp(fstab->recs[i].fs_type, "swap") ||
-            !strcmp(fstab->recs[i].fs_type, "emmc") ||
-            !strcmp(fstab->recs[i].fs_type, "mtd")) {
+        // Don't mount entries that are managed by vold or not for the mount mode.
+        if (current_entry.fs_mgr_flags.vold_managed || current_entry.fs_mgr_flags.recovery_only ||
+            ((mount_mode == MOUNT_MODE_LATE) && !current_entry.fs_mgr_flags.late_mount) ||
+            ((mount_mode == MOUNT_MODE_EARLY) && current_entry.fs_mgr_flags.late_mount)) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        /* Skip mounting the root partition, as it will already have been mounted */
-        if (!strcmp(fstab->recs[i].mount_point, "/") ||
-            !strcmp(fstab->recs[i].mount_point, "/system")) {
-            if ((fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MS_RDONLY) != 0) {
-                fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(fstab->recs[i].blk_device);
+        // Skip swap and raw partition entries such as boot, recovery, etc.
+        if (current_entry.fs_type == "swap" || current_entry.fs_type == "emmc" ||
+            current_entry.fs_type == "mtd") {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Skip mounting the root partition, as it will already have been mounted.
+        if (current_entry.mount_point == "/" || current_entry.mount_point == "/system") {
+            if ((current_entry.flags & MS_RDONLY) != 0) {
+                fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(current_entry.blk_device);
             }
             continue;
         }
 
-        /* Translate LABEL= file system labels into block devices */
-        if (is_extfs(fstab->recs[i].fs_type)) {
-            int tret = translate_ext_labels(&fstab->recs[i]);
-            if (tret < 0) {
+        // Translate LABEL= file system labels into block devices.
+        if (is_extfs(current_entry.fs_type)) {
+            if (!TranslateExtLabels(&current_entry)) {
                 LERROR << "Could not translate label to block device";
                 continue;
             }
         }
 
-        if ((fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_LOGICAL)) {
-            if (!fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(&fstab->recs[i])) {
+        if (current_entry.fs_mgr_flags.logical) {
+            if (!fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(&current_entry)) {
                 LERROR << "Could not set up logical partition, skipping!";
                 continue;
             }
         }
 
-        if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_WAIT &&
-            !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, 20s)) {
-            LERROR << "Skipping '" << fstab->recs[i].blk_device << "' during mount_all";
+        if (!checkpoint_manager.Update(&current_entry)) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_AVB) {
+        if (current_entry.fs_mgr_flags.wait &&
+            !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(current_entry.blk_device, 20s)) {
+            LERROR << "Skipping '" << current_entry.blk_device << "' during mount_all";
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (current_entry.fs_mgr_flags.avb) {
             if (!avb_handle) {
-                avb_handle = FsManagerAvbHandle::Open(*fstab);
+                avb_handle = AvbHandle::Open();
                 if (!avb_handle) {
-                    LERROR << "Failed to open FsManagerAvbHandle";
+                    LERROR << "Failed to open AvbHandle";
                     return FS_MGR_MNTALL_FAIL;
                 }
             }
-            if (avb_handle->SetUpAvbHashtree(&fstab->recs[i], true /* wait_for_verity_dev */) ==
-                SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kFail) {
-                LERROR << "Failed to set up AVB on partition: "
-                       << fstab->recs[i].mount_point << ", skipping!";
-                /* Skips mounting the device. */
+            if (avb_handle->SetUpAvbHashtree(&current_entry, true /* wait_for_verity_dev */) ==
+                AvbHashtreeResult::kFail) {
+                LERROR << "Failed to set up AVB on partition: " << current_entry.mount_point
+                       << ", skipping!";
+                // Skips mounting the device.
                 continue;
             }
-        } else if ((fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_VERIFY)) {
-            int rc = fs_mgr_setup_verity(&fstab->recs[i], true);
+        } else if ((current_entry.fs_mgr_flags.verify)) {
+            int rc = fs_mgr_setup_verity(&current_entry, true);
             if (__android_log_is_debuggable() &&
                     (rc == FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_DISABLED ||
                      rc == FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_SKIPPED)) {
@@ -913,17 +1117,19 @@
 
         int last_idx_inspected;
         int top_idx = i;
+        int attempted_idx = -1;
 
-        mret = mount_with_alternatives(fstab, i, &last_idx_inspected, &attempted_idx);
+        bool mret = mount_with_alternatives(*fstab, i, &last_idx_inspected, &attempted_idx);
+        auto& attempted_entry = (*fstab)[attempted_idx];
         i = last_idx_inspected;
-        mount_errno = errno;
+        int mount_errno = errno;
 
-        /* Deal with encryptability. */
-        if (!mret) {
-            int status = handle_encryptable(&fstab->recs[attempted_idx]);
+        // Handle success and deal with encryptability.
+        if (mret) {
+            int status = handle_encryptable(attempted_entry);
 
             if (status == FS_MGR_MNTALL_FAIL) {
-                /* Fatal error - no point continuing */
+                // Fatal error - no point continuing.
                 return status;
             }
 
@@ -934,48 +1140,45 @@
                 }
                 encryptable = status;
                 if (status == FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NEEDS_METADATA_ENCRYPTION) {
-                    if (!call_vdc(
-                            {"cryptfs", "encryptFstab", fstab->recs[attempted_idx].mount_point})) {
+                    if (!call_vdc({"cryptfs", "encryptFstab", attempted_entry.mount_point})) {
                         LERROR << "Encryption failed";
                         return FS_MGR_MNTALL_FAIL;
                     }
                 }
             }
 
-            /* Success!  Go get the next one */
+            // Success!  Go get the next one.
             continue;
         }
 
-        bool wiped = partition_wiped(fstab->recs[top_idx].blk_device);
+        // Mounting failed, understand why and retry.
+        bool wiped = partition_wiped(current_entry.blk_device.c_str());
         bool crypt_footer = false;
-        if (mret && mount_errno != EBUSY && mount_errno != EACCES &&
-            fs_mgr_is_formattable(&fstab->recs[top_idx]) && wiped) {
-            /* top_idx and attempted_idx point at the same partition, but sometimes
-             * at two different lines in the fstab.  Use the top one for formatting
-             * as that is the preferred one.
-             */
-            LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): " << fstab->recs[top_idx].blk_device
-                   << " is wiped and " << fstab->recs[top_idx].mount_point
-                   << " " << fstab->recs[top_idx].fs_type
+        if (mount_errno != EBUSY && mount_errno != EACCES &&
+            current_entry.fs_mgr_flags.formattable && wiped) {
+            // current_entry and attempted_entry point at the same partition, but sometimes
+            // at two different lines in the fstab.  Use current_entry for formatting
+            // as that is the preferred one.
+            LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): " << realpath(current_entry.blk_device)
+                   << " is wiped and " << current_entry.mount_point << " " << current_entry.fs_type
                    << " is formattable. Format it.";
-            if (fs_mgr_is_encryptable(&fstab->recs[top_idx]) &&
-                strcmp(fstab->recs[top_idx].key_loc, KEY_IN_FOOTER)) {
-                int fd = open(fstab->recs[top_idx].key_loc, O_WRONLY);
+
+            checkpoint_manager.Revert(&current_entry);
+
+            if (current_entry.is_encryptable() && current_entry.key_loc != KEY_IN_FOOTER) {
+                unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
+                        open(current_entry.key_loc.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
                 if (fd >= 0) {
-                    LINFO << __FUNCTION__ << "(): also wipe "
-                          << fstab->recs[top_idx].key_loc;
+                    LINFO << __FUNCTION__ << "(): also wipe " << current_entry.key_loc;
                     wipe_block_device(fd, get_file_size(fd));
-                    close(fd);
                 } else {
-                    PERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): "
-                           << fstab->recs[top_idx].key_loc << " wouldn't open";
+                    PERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): " << current_entry.key_loc << " wouldn't open";
                 }
-            } else if (fs_mgr_is_encryptable(&fstab->recs[top_idx]) &&
-                !strcmp(fstab->recs[top_idx].key_loc, KEY_IN_FOOTER)) {
+            } else if (current_entry.is_encryptable() && current_entry.key_loc == KEY_IN_FOOTER) {
                 crypt_footer = true;
             }
-            if (fs_mgr_do_format(&fstab->recs[top_idx], crypt_footer) == 0) {
-                /* Let's replay the mount actions. */
+            if (fs_mgr_do_format(current_entry, crypt_footer) == 0) {
+                // Let's replay the mount actions.
                 i = top_idx - 1;
                 continue;
             } else {
@@ -986,35 +1189,29 @@
             }
         }
 
-        /* mount(2) returned an error, handle the encryptable/formattable case */
-        if (mret && mount_errno != EBUSY && mount_errno != EACCES &&
-            fs_mgr_is_encryptable(&fstab->recs[attempted_idx])) {
+        // mount(2) returned an error, handle the encryptable/formattable case.
+        if (mount_errno != EBUSY && mount_errno != EACCES && attempted_entry.is_encryptable()) {
             if (wiped) {
-                LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): "
-                       << fstab->recs[attempted_idx].blk_device
-                       << " is wiped and "
-                       << fstab->recs[attempted_idx].mount_point << " "
-                       << fstab->recs[attempted_idx].fs_type
+                LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): " << attempted_entry.blk_device << " is wiped and "
+                       << attempted_entry.mount_point << " " << attempted_entry.fs_type
                        << " is encryptable. Suggest recovery...";
                 encryptable = FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NEEDS_RECOVERY;
                 continue;
             } else {
-                /* Need to mount a tmpfs at this mountpoint for now, and set
-                 * properties that vold will query later for decrypting
-                 */
+                // Need to mount a tmpfs at this mountpoint for now, and set
+                // properties that vold will query later for decrypting
                 LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): possibly an encryptable blkdev "
-                       << fstab->recs[attempted_idx].blk_device
-                       << " for mount " << fstab->recs[attempted_idx].mount_point
-                       << " type " << fstab->recs[attempted_idx].fs_type;
-                if (fs_mgr_do_tmpfs_mount(fstab->recs[attempted_idx].mount_point) < 0) {
+                       << attempted_entry.blk_device << " for mount " << attempted_entry.mount_point
+                       << " type " << attempted_entry.fs_type;
+                if (fs_mgr_do_tmpfs_mount(attempted_entry.mount_point.c_str()) < 0) {
                     ++error_count;
                     continue;
                 }
             }
             encryptable = FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_MIGHT_BE_ENCRYPTED;
-        } else if (mret && mount_errno != EBUSY && mount_errno != EACCES &&
-                   should_use_metadata_encryption(&fstab->recs[attempted_idx])) {
-            if (!call_vdc({"cryptfs", "mountFstab", fstab->recs[attempted_idx].mount_point})) {
+        } else if (mount_errno != EBUSY && mount_errno != EACCES &&
+                   should_use_metadata_encryption(attempted_entry)) {
+            if (!call_vdc({"cryptfs", "mountFstab", attempted_entry.mount_point})) {
                 ++error_count;
             }
             encryptable = FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_IS_METADATA_ENCRYPTED;
@@ -1022,18 +1219,18 @@
         } else {
             // fs_options might be null so we cannot use PERROR << directly.
             // Use StringPrintf to output "(null)" instead.
-            if (fs_mgr_is_nofail(&fstab->recs[attempted_idx])) {
+            if (attempted_entry.fs_mgr_flags.no_fail) {
                 PERROR << android::base::StringPrintf(
-                    "Ignoring failure to mount an un-encryptable or wiped "
-                    "partition on %s at %s options: %s",
-                    fstab->recs[attempted_idx].blk_device, fstab->recs[attempted_idx].mount_point,
-                    fstab->recs[attempted_idx].fs_options);
+                        "Ignoring failure to mount an un-encryptable or wiped "
+                        "partition on %s at %s options: %s",
+                        attempted_entry.blk_device.c_str(), attempted_entry.mount_point.c_str(),
+                        attempted_entry.fs_options.c_str());
             } else {
                 PERROR << android::base::StringPrintf(
-                    "Failed to mount an un-encryptable or wiped partition "
-                    "on %s at %s options: %s",
-                    fstab->recs[attempted_idx].blk_device, fstab->recs[attempted_idx].mount_point,
-                    fstab->recs[attempted_idx].fs_options);
+                        "Failed to mount an un-encryptable or wiped partition "
+                        "on %s at %s options: %s",
+                        attempted_entry.blk_device.c_str(), attempted_entry.mount_point.c_str(),
+                        attempted_entry.fs_options.c_str());
                 ++error_count;
             }
             continue;
@@ -1041,7 +1238,7 @@
     }
 
 #if ALLOW_ADBD_DISABLE_VERITY == 1  // "userdebug" build
-    fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all();
+    fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all(fstab);
 #endif
 
     if (error_count) {
@@ -1051,20 +1248,14 @@
     }
 }
 
-/* wrapper to __mount() and expects a fully prepared fstab_rec,
- * unlike fs_mgr_do_mount which does more things with avb / verity
- * etc.
- */
-int fs_mgr_do_mount_one(struct fstab_rec *rec)
-{
-    if (!rec) {
-        return FS_MGR_DOMNT_FAILED;
-    }
-
+// wrapper to __mount() and expects a fully prepared fstab_rec,
+// unlike fs_mgr_do_mount which does more things with avb / verity etc.
+int fs_mgr_do_mount_one(const FstabEntry& entry, const std::string& mount_point) {
     // Run fsck if needed
-    prepare_fs_for_mount(rec->blk_device, rec);
+    prepare_fs_for_mount(entry.blk_device, entry);
 
-    int ret = __mount(rec->blk_device, rec->mount_point, rec);
+    int ret =
+            __mount(entry.blk_device, mount_point.empty() ? entry.mount_point : mount_point, entry);
     if (ret) {
       ret = (errno == EBUSY) ? FS_MGR_DOMNT_BUSY : FS_MGR_DOMNT_FAILED;
     }
@@ -1072,71 +1263,84 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
-/* If tmp_mount_point is non-null, mount the filesystem there.  This is for the
- * tmp mount we do to check the user password
- * If multiple fstab entries are to be mounted on "n_name", it will try to mount each one
- * in turn, and stop on 1st success, or no more match.
- */
-int fs_mgr_do_mount(struct fstab *fstab, const char *n_name, char *n_blk_device,
-                    char *tmp_mount_point)
-{
-    int i = 0;
+int fs_mgr_do_mount_one(struct fstab_rec* rec) {
+    if (!rec) {
+        return FS_MGR_DOMNT_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    auto entry = FstabRecToFstabEntry(rec);
+
+    return fs_mgr_do_mount_one(entry);
+}
+
+// If tmp_mount_point is non-null, mount the filesystem there.  This is for the
+// tmp mount we do to check the user password
+// If multiple fstab entries are to be mounted on "n_name", it will try to mount each one
+// in turn, and stop on 1st success, or no more match.
+static int fs_mgr_do_mount_helper(Fstab* fstab, const std::string& n_name,
+                                  const std::string& n_blk_device, const char* tmp_mount_point,
+                                  int needs_checkpoint) {
     int mount_errors = 0;
     int first_mount_errno = 0;
-    char* mount_point;
-    FsManagerAvbUniquePtr avb_handle(nullptr);
+    std::string mount_point;
+    CheckpointManager checkpoint_manager(needs_checkpoint);
+    AvbUniquePtr avb_handle(nullptr);
 
     if (!fstab) {
         return FS_MGR_DOMNT_FAILED;
     }
 
-    for (i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; i++) {
-        if (!fs_match(fstab->recs[i].mount_point, n_name)) {
+    for (auto& fstab_entry : *fstab) {
+        if (!fs_match(fstab_entry.mount_point, n_name)) {
             continue;
         }
 
-        /* We found our match */
-        /* If this swap or a raw partition, report an error */
-        if (!strcmp(fstab->recs[i].fs_type, "swap") ||
-            !strcmp(fstab->recs[i].fs_type, "emmc") ||
-            !strcmp(fstab->recs[i].fs_type, "mtd")) {
-            LERROR << "Cannot mount filesystem of type "
-                   << fstab->recs[i].fs_type << " on " << n_blk_device;
+        // We found our match.
+        // If this swap or a raw partition, report an error.
+        if (fstab_entry.fs_type == "swap" || fstab_entry.fs_type == "emmc" ||
+            fstab_entry.fs_type == "mtd") {
+            LERROR << "Cannot mount filesystem of type " << fstab_entry.fs_type << " on "
+                   << n_blk_device;
             return FS_MGR_DOMNT_FAILED;
         }
 
-        if ((fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_LOGICAL)) {
-            if (!fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(&fstab->recs[i])) {
+        if (fstab_entry.fs_mgr_flags.logical) {
+            if (!fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(&fstab_entry)) {
                 LERROR << "Could not set up logical partition, skipping!";
                 continue;
             }
         }
 
-        /* First check the filesystem if requested */
-        if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_WAIT && !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(n_blk_device, 20s)) {
+        if (!checkpoint_manager.Update(&fstab_entry)) {
+            LERROR << "Could not set up checkpoint partition, skipping!";
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // First check the filesystem if requested.
+        if (fstab_entry.fs_mgr_flags.wait && !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(n_blk_device, 20s)) {
             LERROR << "Skipping mounting '" << n_blk_device << "'";
             continue;
         }
 
-        int fs_stat = prepare_fs_for_mount(n_blk_device, &fstab->recs[i]);
+        int fs_stat = prepare_fs_for_mount(n_blk_device, fstab_entry);
 
-        if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_AVB) {
+        if (fstab_entry.fs_mgr_flags.avb) {
             if (!avb_handle) {
-                avb_handle = FsManagerAvbHandle::Open(*fstab);
+                avb_handle = AvbHandle::Open();
                 if (!avb_handle) {
-                    LERROR << "Failed to open FsManagerAvbHandle";
+                    LERROR << "Failed to open AvbHandle";
                     return FS_MGR_DOMNT_FAILED;
                 }
             }
-            if (avb_handle->SetUpAvbHashtree(&fstab->recs[i], true /* wait_for_verity_dev */) ==
-                SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kFail) {
-                LERROR << "Failed to set up AVB on partition: "
-                       << fstab->recs[i].mount_point << ", skipping!";
-                /* Skips mounting the device. */
+            if (avb_handle->SetUpAvbHashtree(&fstab_entry, true /* wait_for_verity_dev */) ==
+                AvbHashtreeResult::kFail) {
+                LERROR << "Failed to set up AVB on partition: " << fstab_entry.mount_point
+                       << ", skipping!";
+                // Skips mounting the device.
                 continue;
             }
-        } else if ((fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_VERIFY)) {
-            int rc = fs_mgr_setup_verity(&fstab->recs[i], true);
+        } else if (fstab_entry.fs_mgr_flags.verify) {
+            int rc = fs_mgr_setup_verity(&fstab_entry, true);
             if (__android_log_is_debuggable() &&
                     (rc == FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_DISABLED ||
                      rc == FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_SKIPPED)) {
@@ -1147,15 +1351,15 @@
             }
         }
 
-        /* Now mount it where requested */
+        // Now mount it where requested */
         if (tmp_mount_point) {
             mount_point = tmp_mount_point;
         } else {
-            mount_point = fstab->recs[i].mount_point;
+            mount_point = fstab_entry.mount_point;
         }
         int retry_count = 2;
         while (retry_count-- > 0) {
-            if (!__mount(n_blk_device, mount_point, &fstab->recs[i])) {
+            if (!__mount(n_blk_device, mount_point, fstab_entry)) {
                 fs_stat &= ~FS_STAT_FULL_MOUNT_FAILED;
                 return FS_MGR_DOMNT_SUCCESS;
             } else {
@@ -1164,10 +1368,10 @@
                 mount_errors++;
                 fs_stat |= FS_STAT_FULL_MOUNT_FAILED;
                 // try again after fsck
-                check_fs(n_blk_device, fstab->recs[i].fs_type, fstab->recs[i].mount_point, &fs_stat);
+                check_fs(n_blk_device, fstab_entry.fs_type, fstab_entry.mount_point, &fs_stat);
             }
         }
-        log_fs_stat(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, fs_stat);
+        log_fs_stat(fstab_entry.blk_device, fs_stat);
     }
 
     // Reach here means the mount attempt fails.
@@ -1175,12 +1379,24 @@
         PERROR << "Cannot mount filesystem on " << n_blk_device << " at " << mount_point;
         if (first_mount_errno == EBUSY) return FS_MGR_DOMNT_BUSY;
     } else {
-        /* We didn't find a match, say so and return an error */
+        // We didn't find a match, say so and return an error.
         LERROR << "Cannot find mount point " << n_name << " in fstab";
     }
     return FS_MGR_DOMNT_FAILED;
 }
 
+int fs_mgr_do_mount(fstab* fstab, const char* n_name, char* n_blk_device, char* tmp_mount_point) {
+    auto new_fstab = LegacyFstabToFstab(fstab);
+    return fs_mgr_do_mount_helper(&new_fstab, n_name, n_blk_device, tmp_mount_point, -1);
+}
+
+int fs_mgr_do_mount(fstab* fstab, const char* n_name, char* n_blk_device, char* tmp_mount_point,
+                    bool needs_checkpoint) {
+    auto new_fstab = LegacyFstabToFstab(fstab);
+    return fs_mgr_do_mount_helper(&new_fstab, n_name, n_blk_device, tmp_mount_point,
+                                  needs_checkpoint);
+}
+
 /*
  * mount a tmpfs filesystem at the given point.
  * return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
@@ -1200,101 +1416,149 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-/* This must be called after mount_all, because the mkswap command needs to be
- * available.
- */
-int fs_mgr_swapon_all(struct fstab *fstab)
-{
-    int i = 0;
-    int flags = 0;
-    int err = 0;
-    int ret = 0;
-    int status;
-    const char *mkswap_argv[2] = {
-        MKSWAP_BIN,
-        nullptr
-    };
+static bool InstallZramDevice(const std::string& device) {
+    if (!android::base::WriteStringToFile(device, ZRAM_BACK_DEV)) {
+        PERROR << "Cannot write " << device << " in: " << ZRAM_BACK_DEV;
+        return false;
+    }
+    LINFO << "Success to set " << device << " to " << ZRAM_BACK_DEV;
+    return true;
+}
 
-    if (!fstab) {
-        return -1;
+static bool PrepareZramDevice(const std::string& loop, off64_t size, const std::string& bdev) {
+    if (loop.empty() && bdev.empty()) return true;
+
+    if (bdev.length()) {
+        return InstallZramDevice(bdev);
     }
 
-    for (i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; i++) {
-        /* Skip non-swap entries */
-        if (strcmp(fstab->recs[i].fs_type, "swap")) {
+    // Get free loopback
+    unique_fd loop_fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("/dev/loop-control", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    if (loop_fd.get() == -1) {
+        PERROR << "Cannot open loop-control";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    int num = ioctl(loop_fd.get(), LOOP_CTL_GET_FREE);
+    if (num == -1) {
+        PERROR << "Cannot get free loop slot";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Prepare target path
+    unique_fd target_fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(loop.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_CLOEXEC, 0664)));
+    if (target_fd.get() == -1) {
+        PERROR << "Cannot open target path: " << loop;
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (fallocate(target_fd.get(), 0, 0, size) < 0) {
+        PERROR << "Cannot truncate target path: " << loop;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Connect loopback (device_fd) to target path (target_fd)
+    std::string device = android::base::StringPrintf("/dev/block/loop%d", num);
+    unique_fd device_fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(device.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    if (device_fd.get() == -1) {
+        PERROR << "Cannot open /dev/block/loop" << num;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (ioctl(device_fd.get(), LOOP_SET_FD, target_fd.get())) {
+        PERROR << "Cannot set loopback to target path";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // set block size & direct IO
+    if (ioctl(device_fd.get(), LOOP_SET_BLOCK_SIZE, 4096)) {
+        PWARNING << "Cannot set 4KB blocksize to /dev/block/loop" << num;
+    }
+    if (ioctl(device_fd.get(), LOOP_SET_DIRECT_IO, 1)) {
+        PWARNING << "Cannot set direct_io to /dev/block/loop" << num;
+    }
+
+    return InstallZramDevice(device);
+}
+
+bool fs_mgr_swapon_all(const Fstab& fstab) {
+    bool ret = true;
+    for (const auto& entry : fstab) {
+        // Skip non-swap entries.
+        if (entry.fs_type != "swap") {
             continue;
         }
 
-        if (fstab->recs[i].zram_size > 0) {
-            /* A zram_size was specified, so we need to configure the
-             * device.  There is no point in having multiple zram devices
-             * on a system (all the memory comes from the same pool) so
-             * we can assume the device number is 0.
-             */
-            FILE *zram_fp;
-            FILE *zram_mcs_fp;
+        if (!PrepareZramDevice(entry.zram_loopback_path, entry.zram_loopback_size, entry.zram_backing_dev_path)) {
+            LERROR << "Skipping losetup for '" << entry.blk_device << "'";
+        }
 
-            if (fstab->recs[i].max_comp_streams >= 0) {
-               zram_mcs_fp = fopen(ZRAM_CONF_MCS, "r+");
-              if (zram_mcs_fp == NULL) {
-                LERROR << "Unable to open zram conf comp device "
-                       << ZRAM_CONF_MCS;
-                ret = -1;
-                continue;
-              }
-              fprintf(zram_mcs_fp, "%d\n", fstab->recs[i].max_comp_streams);
-              fclose(zram_mcs_fp);
+        if (entry.zram_size > 0) {
+            // A zram_size was specified, so we need to configure the
+            // device.  There is no point in having multiple zram devices
+            // on a system (all the memory comes from the same pool) so
+            // we can assume the device number is 0.
+            if (entry.max_comp_streams >= 0) {
+                auto zram_mcs_fp = std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)>{
+                        fopen(ZRAM_CONF_MCS, "re"), fclose};
+                if (zram_mcs_fp == nullptr) {
+                    LERROR << "Unable to open zram conf comp device " << ZRAM_CONF_MCS;
+                    ret = false;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                fprintf(zram_mcs_fp.get(), "%d\n", entry.max_comp_streams);
             }
 
-            zram_fp = fopen(ZRAM_CONF_DEV, "r+");
-            if (zram_fp == NULL) {
+            auto zram_fp =
+                    std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)>{fopen(ZRAM_CONF_DEV, "re+"), fclose};
+            if (zram_fp == nullptr) {
                 LERROR << "Unable to open zram conf device " << ZRAM_CONF_DEV;
-                ret = -1;
+                ret = false;
                 continue;
             }
-            fprintf(zram_fp, "%u\n", fstab->recs[i].zram_size);
-            fclose(zram_fp);
+            fprintf(zram_fp.get(), "%" PRId64 "\n", entry.zram_size);
         }
 
-        if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_WAIT &&
-            !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, 20s)) {
-            LERROR << "Skipping mkswap for '" << fstab->recs[i].blk_device << "'";
-            ret = -1;
+        if (entry.fs_mgr_flags.wait && !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(entry.blk_device, 20s)) {
+            LERROR << "Skipping mkswap for '" << entry.blk_device << "'";
+            ret = false;
             continue;
         }
 
-        /* Initialize the swap area */
-        mkswap_argv[1] = fstab->recs[i].blk_device;
-        err = android_fork_execvp_ext(ARRAY_SIZE(mkswap_argv),
-                                      const_cast<char **>(mkswap_argv),
-                                      &status, true, LOG_KLOG, false, NULL,
-                                      NULL, 0);
+        // Initialize the swap area.
+        const char* mkswap_argv[2] = {
+                MKSWAP_BIN,
+                entry.blk_device.c_str(),
+        };
+        int err = 0;
+        int status;
+        err = android_fork_execvp_ext(ARRAY_SIZE(mkswap_argv), const_cast<char**>(mkswap_argv),
+                                      &status, true, LOG_KLOG, false, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
         if (err) {
-            LERROR << "mkswap failed for " << fstab->recs[i].blk_device;
-            ret = -1;
+            LERROR << "mkswap failed for " << entry.blk_device;
+            ret = false;
             continue;
         }
 
         /* If -1, then no priority was specified in fstab, so don't set
          * SWAP_FLAG_PREFER or encode the priority */
-        if (fstab->recs[i].swap_prio >= 0) {
-            flags = (fstab->recs[i].swap_prio << SWAP_FLAG_PRIO_SHIFT) &
-                    SWAP_FLAG_PRIO_MASK;
+        int flags = 0;
+        if (entry.swap_prio >= 0) {
+            flags = (entry.swap_prio << SWAP_FLAG_PRIO_SHIFT) & SWAP_FLAG_PRIO_MASK;
             flags |= SWAP_FLAG_PREFER;
         } else {
             flags = 0;
         }
-        err = swapon(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, flags);
+        err = swapon(entry.blk_device.c_str(), flags);
         if (err) {
-            LERROR << "swapon failed for " << fstab->recs[i].blk_device;
-            ret = -1;
+            LERROR << "swapon failed for " << entry.blk_device;
+            ret = false;
         }
     }
 
     return ret;
 }
 
-struct fstab_rec const* fs_mgr_get_crypt_entry(struct fstab const* fstab) {
+struct fstab_rec const* fs_mgr_get_crypt_entry(fstab const* fstab) {
     int i;
 
     if (!fstab) {
@@ -1318,7 +1582,7 @@
  *
  * real_blk_device must be at least PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX bytes long
  */
-void fs_mgr_get_crypt_info(struct fstab* fstab, char* key_loc, char* real_blk_device, size_t size) {
+void fs_mgr_get_crypt_info(fstab* fstab, char* key_loc, char* real_blk_device, size_t size) {
     struct fstab_rec const* rec = fs_mgr_get_crypt_entry(fstab);
     if (key_loc) {
         if (rec) {
@@ -1341,23 +1605,22 @@
      * logging mode, in which case return that */
     *mode = VERITY_MODE_DEFAULT;
 
-    std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
-                                                               fs_mgr_free_fstab);
-    if (!fstab) {
+    Fstab fstab;
+    if (!ReadDefaultFstab(&fstab)) {
         LERROR << "Failed to read default fstab";
         return false;
     }
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; i++) {
-        if (fs_mgr_is_avb(&fstab->recs[i])) {
+    for (const auto& entry : fstab) {
+        if (entry.fs_mgr_flags.avb) {
             *mode = VERITY_MODE_RESTART;  // avb only supports restart mode.
             break;
-        } else if (!fs_mgr_is_verified(&fstab->recs[i])) {
+        } else if (!entry.fs_mgr_flags.verify) {
             continue;
         }
 
         int current;
-        if (load_verity_state(&fstab->recs[i], &current) < 0) {
+        if (load_verity_state(entry, &current) < 0) {
             continue;
         }
         if (current != VERITY_MODE_DEFAULT) {
@@ -1369,7 +1632,8 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool fs_mgr_update_verity_state(std::function<fs_mgr_verity_state_callback> callback) {
+bool fs_mgr_update_verity_state(
+        std::function<void(const std::string& mount_point, int mode)> callback) {
     if (!callback) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -1379,28 +1643,25 @@
         return false;
     }
 
-    std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
-                                                               fs_mgr_free_fstab);
-    if (!fstab) {
+    Fstab fstab;
+    if (!ReadDefaultFstab(&fstab)) {
         LERROR << "Failed to read default fstab";
         return false;
     }
 
     DeviceMapper& dm = DeviceMapper::Instance();
 
-    bool system_root = android::base::GetProperty("ro.build.system_root_image", "") == "true";
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; i++) {
-        if (!fs_mgr_is_verified(&fstab->recs[i]) && !fs_mgr_is_avb(&fstab->recs[i])) {
+    for (const auto& entry : fstab) {
+        if (!entry.fs_mgr_flags.verify && !entry.fs_mgr_flags.avb) {
             continue;
         }
 
         std::string mount_point;
-        if (system_root && !strcmp(fstab->recs[i].mount_point, "/")) {
+        if (entry.mount_point == "/") {
             // In AVB, the dm device name is vroot instead of system.
-            mount_point = fs_mgr_is_avb(&fstab->recs[i]) ? "vroot" : "system";
+            mount_point = entry.fs_mgr_flags.avb ? "vroot" : "system";
         } else {
-            mount_point = basename(fstab->recs[i].mount_point);
+            mount_point = basename(entry.mount_point.c_str());
         }
 
         if (dm.GetState(mount_point) == DmDeviceState::INVALID) {
@@ -1408,15 +1669,14 @@
             continue;
         }
 
-        const char* status = nullptr;
+        const char* status;
         std::vector<DeviceMapper::TargetInfo> table;
         if (!dm.GetTableStatus(mount_point, &table) || table.empty() || table[0].data.empty()) {
-            if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_VERIFYATBOOT) {
-                status = "V";
-            } else {
-                PERROR << "Failed to query DM_TABLE_STATUS for " << mount_point.c_str();
+            if (!entry.fs_mgr_flags.verify_at_boot) {
+                PERROR << "Failed to query DM_TABLE_STATUS for " << mount_point;
                 continue;
             }
+            status = "V";
         } else {
             status = table[0].data.c_str();
         }
@@ -1426,9 +1686,29 @@
         // instead of [partition.vroot.verified].
         if (mount_point == "vroot") mount_point = "system";
         if (*status == 'C' || *status == 'V') {
-            callback(&fstab->recs[i], mount_point.c_str(), mode, *status);
+            callback(mount_point, mode);
         }
     }
 
     return true;
 }
+
+std::string fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(int slot) {
+    // Devices upgrading to dynamic partitions are allowed to specify a super
+    // partition name, assumed to be A/B (non-A/B retrofit is not supported).
+    // For devices launching with dynamic partition support, the partition
+    // name must be "super".
+    std::string super_partition;
+    if (fs_mgr_get_boot_config_from_kernel_cmdline("super_partition", &super_partition)) {
+        std::string suffix;
+        if (slot == 0) {
+            suffix = "_a";
+        } else if (slot == 1) {
+            suffix = "_b";
+        } else if (slot == -1) {
+            suffix = fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix();
+        }
+        return super_partition + suffix;
+    }
+    return LP_METADATA_DEFAULT_PARTITION_NAME;
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 7c6093e..0000000
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,515 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "fs_mgr_avb.h"
-
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <libgen.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#include <sstream>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/parseint.h>
-#include <android-base/properties.h>
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <android-base/strings.h>
-#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
-#include <libavb/libavb.h>
-#include <libdm/dm.h>
-
-#include "fs_mgr.h"
-#include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
-#include "fs_mgr_priv_avb_ops.h"
-#include "fs_mgr_priv_sha.h"
-
-static inline bool nibble_value(const char& c, uint8_t* value) {
-    FS_MGR_CHECK(value != nullptr);
-
-    switch (c) {
-        case '0' ... '9':
-            *value = c - '0';
-            break;
-        case 'a' ... 'f':
-            *value = c - 'a' + 10;
-            break;
-        case 'A' ... 'F':
-            *value = c - 'A' + 10;
-            break;
-        default:
-            return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-static bool hex_to_bytes(uint8_t* bytes, size_t bytes_len, const std::string& hex) {
-    FS_MGR_CHECK(bytes != nullptr);
-
-    if (hex.size() % 2 != 0) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (hex.size() / 2 > bytes_len) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    for (size_t i = 0, j = 0, n = hex.size(); i < n; i += 2, ++j) {
-        uint8_t high;
-        if (!nibble_value(hex[i], &high)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        uint8_t low;
-        if (!nibble_value(hex[i + 1], &low)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        bytes[j] = (high << 4) | low;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-static std::string bytes_to_hex(const uint8_t* bytes, size_t bytes_len) {
-    FS_MGR_CHECK(bytes != nullptr);
-
-    static const char* hex_digits = "0123456789abcdef";
-    std::string hex;
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes_len; i++) {
-        hex.push_back(hex_digits[(bytes[i] & 0xF0) >> 4]);
-        hex.push_back(hex_digits[bytes[i] & 0x0F]);
-    }
-    return hex;
-}
-
-template <typename Hasher>
-static std::pair<size_t, bool> verify_vbmeta_digest(const AvbSlotVerifyData& verify_data,
-                                                    const uint8_t* expected_digest) {
-    size_t total_size = 0;
-    Hasher hasher;
-    for (size_t n = 0; n < verify_data.num_vbmeta_images; n++) {
-        hasher.update(verify_data.vbmeta_images[n].vbmeta_data,
-                      verify_data.vbmeta_images[n].vbmeta_size);
-        total_size += verify_data.vbmeta_images[n].vbmeta_size;
-    }
-
-    bool matched = (memcmp(hasher.finalize(), expected_digest, Hasher::DIGEST_SIZE) == 0);
-
-    return std::make_pair(total_size, matched);
-}
-
-// Reads the following values from kernel cmdline and provides the
-// VerifyVbmetaImages() to verify AvbSlotVerifyData.
-//   - androidboot.vbmeta.hash_alg
-//   - androidboot.vbmeta.size
-//   - androidboot.vbmeta.digest
-class FsManagerAvbVerifier {
-  public:
-    // The factory method to return a unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier>
-    static std::unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier> Create();
-    bool VerifyVbmetaImages(const AvbSlotVerifyData& verify_data);
-
-  protected:
-    FsManagerAvbVerifier() = default;
-
-  private:
-    enum HashAlgorithm {
-        kInvalid = 0,
-        kSHA256 = 1,
-        kSHA512 = 2,
-    };
-
-    HashAlgorithm hash_alg_;
-    uint8_t digest_[SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH];
-    size_t vbmeta_size_;
-};
-
-std::unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier> FsManagerAvbVerifier::Create() {
-    std::unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier> avb_verifier(new FsManagerAvbVerifier());
-    if (!avb_verifier) {
-        LERROR << "Failed to create unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier>";
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    std::string value;
-    if (!fs_mgr_get_boot_config("vbmeta.size", &value) ||
-        !android::base::ParseUint(value.c_str(), &avb_verifier->vbmeta_size_)) {
-        LERROR << "Invalid hash size: " << value.c_str();
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    // Reads hash algorithm.
-    size_t expected_digest_size = 0;
-    std::string hash_alg;
-    fs_mgr_get_boot_config("vbmeta.hash_alg", &hash_alg);
-    if (hash_alg == "sha256") {
-        expected_digest_size = SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH * 2;
-        avb_verifier->hash_alg_ = kSHA256;
-    } else if (hash_alg == "sha512") {
-        expected_digest_size = SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH * 2;
-        avb_verifier->hash_alg_ = kSHA512;
-    } else {
-        LERROR << "Unknown hash algorithm: " << hash_alg.c_str();
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    // Reads digest.
-    std::string digest;
-    fs_mgr_get_boot_config("vbmeta.digest", &digest);
-    if (digest.size() != expected_digest_size) {
-        LERROR << "Unexpected digest size: " << digest.size()
-               << " (expected: " << expected_digest_size << ")";
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    if (!hex_to_bytes(avb_verifier->digest_, sizeof(avb_verifier->digest_), digest)) {
-        LERROR << "Hash digest contains non-hexidecimal character: " << digest.c_str();
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    return avb_verifier;
-}
-
-bool FsManagerAvbVerifier::VerifyVbmetaImages(const AvbSlotVerifyData& verify_data) {
-    if (verify_data.num_vbmeta_images == 0) {
-        LERROR << "No vbmeta images";
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    size_t total_size = 0;
-    bool digest_matched = false;
-
-    if (hash_alg_ == kSHA256) {
-        std::tie(total_size, digest_matched) =
-            verify_vbmeta_digest<SHA256Hasher>(verify_data, digest_);
-    } else if (hash_alg_ == kSHA512) {
-        std::tie(total_size, digest_matched) =
-            verify_vbmeta_digest<SHA512Hasher>(verify_data, digest_);
-    }
-
-    if (total_size != vbmeta_size_) {
-        LERROR << "total vbmeta size mismatch: " << total_size << " (expected: " << vbmeta_size_
-               << ")";
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (!digest_matched) {
-        LERROR << "vbmeta digest mismatch";
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-// Constructs dm-verity arguments for sending DM_TABLE_LOAD ioctl to kernel.
-// See the following link for more details:
-// https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/wikis/DMVerity
-static bool construct_verity_table(const AvbHashtreeDescriptor& hashtree_desc,
-                                   const std::string& salt, const std::string& root_digest,
-                                   const std::string& blk_device, android::dm::DmTable* table) {
-    // Loads androidboot.veritymode from kernel cmdline.
-    std::string verity_mode;
-    if (!fs_mgr_get_boot_config("veritymode", &verity_mode)) {
-        verity_mode = "enforcing";  // Defaults to enforcing when it's absent.
-    }
-
-    // Converts veritymode to the format used in kernel.
-    std::string dm_verity_mode;
-    if (verity_mode == "enforcing") {
-        dm_verity_mode = "restart_on_corruption";
-    } else if (verity_mode == "logging") {
-        dm_verity_mode = "ignore_corruption";
-    } else if (verity_mode != "eio") {  // Default dm_verity_mode is eio.
-        LERROR << "Unknown androidboot.veritymode: " << verity_mode;
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    std::ostringstream hash_algorithm;
-    hash_algorithm << hashtree_desc.hash_algorithm;
-
-    android::dm::DmTargetVerity target(0, hashtree_desc.image_size / 512,
-                                       hashtree_desc.dm_verity_version, blk_device, blk_device,
-                                       hashtree_desc.data_block_size, hashtree_desc.hash_block_size,
-                                       hashtree_desc.image_size / hashtree_desc.data_block_size,
-                                       hashtree_desc.tree_offset / hashtree_desc.hash_block_size,
-                                       hash_algorithm.str(), root_digest, salt);
-    if (hashtree_desc.fec_size > 0) {
-        target.UseFec(blk_device, hashtree_desc.fec_num_roots,
-                      hashtree_desc.fec_offset / hashtree_desc.data_block_size,
-                      hashtree_desc.fec_offset / hashtree_desc.data_block_size);
-    }
-    if (!dm_verity_mode.empty()) {
-        target.SetVerityMode(dm_verity_mode);
-    }
-    // Always use ignore_zero_blocks.
-    target.IgnoreZeroBlocks();
-
-    LINFO << "Built verity table: '" << target.GetParameterString() << "'";
-
-    return table->AddTarget(std::make_unique<android::dm::DmTargetVerity>(target));
-}
-
-static bool hashtree_dm_verity_setup(struct fstab_rec* fstab_entry,
-                                     const AvbHashtreeDescriptor& hashtree_desc,
-                                     const std::string& salt, const std::string& root_digest,
-                                     bool wait_for_verity_dev) {
-    android::dm::DmTable table;
-    if (!construct_verity_table(hashtree_desc, salt, root_digest, fstab_entry->blk_device, &table) ||
-        !table.valid()) {
-        LERROR << "Failed to construct verity table.";
-        return false;
-    }
-    table.set_readonly(true);
-
-    const std::string mount_point(basename(fstab_entry->mount_point));
-    android::dm::DeviceMapper& dm = android::dm::DeviceMapper::Instance();
-    if (!dm.CreateDevice(mount_point, table)) {
-        LERROR << "Couldn't create verity device!";
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    std::string dev_path;
-    if (!dm.GetDmDevicePathByName(mount_point, &dev_path)) {
-        LERROR << "Couldn't get verity device path!";
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    // Marks the underlying block device as read-only.
-    fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(fstab_entry->blk_device);
-
-    // Updates fstab_rec->blk_device to verity device name.
-    free(fstab_entry->blk_device);
-    fstab_entry->blk_device = strdup(dev_path.c_str());
-
-    // Makes sure we've set everything up properly.
-    if (wait_for_verity_dev && !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(dev_path, 1s)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-static bool get_hashtree_descriptor(const std::string& partition_name,
-                                    const AvbSlotVerifyData& verify_data,
-                                    AvbHashtreeDescriptor* out_hashtree_desc, std::string* out_salt,
-                                    std::string* out_digest) {
-    bool found = false;
-    const uint8_t* desc_partition_name;
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < verify_data.num_vbmeta_images && !found; i++) {
-        // Get descriptors from vbmeta_images[i].
-        size_t num_descriptors;
-        std::unique_ptr<const AvbDescriptor* [], decltype(&avb_free)> descriptors(
-            avb_descriptor_get_all(verify_data.vbmeta_images[i].vbmeta_data,
-                                   verify_data.vbmeta_images[i].vbmeta_size, &num_descriptors),
-            avb_free);
-
-        if (!descriptors || num_descriptors < 1) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // Ensures that hashtree descriptor is in /vbmeta or /boot or in
-        // the same partition for verity setup.
-        std::string vbmeta_partition_name(verify_data.vbmeta_images[i].partition_name);
-        if (vbmeta_partition_name != "vbmeta" &&
-            vbmeta_partition_name != "boot" &&  // for legacy device to append top-level vbmeta
-            vbmeta_partition_name != partition_name) {
-            LWARNING << "Skip vbmeta image at " << verify_data.vbmeta_images[i].partition_name
-                     << " for partition: " << partition_name.c_str();
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        for (size_t j = 0; j < num_descriptors && !found; j++) {
-            AvbDescriptor desc;
-            if (!avb_descriptor_validate_and_byteswap(descriptors[j], &desc)) {
-                LWARNING << "Descriptor[" << j << "] is invalid";
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (desc.tag == AVB_DESCRIPTOR_TAG_HASHTREE) {
-                desc_partition_name = (const uint8_t*)descriptors[j] + sizeof(AvbHashtreeDescriptor);
-                if (!avb_hashtree_descriptor_validate_and_byteswap(
-                        (AvbHashtreeDescriptor*)descriptors[j], out_hashtree_desc)) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                if (out_hashtree_desc->partition_name_len != partition_name.length()) {
-                    continue;
-                }
-                // Notes that desc_partition_name is not NUL-terminated.
-                std::string hashtree_partition_name((const char*)desc_partition_name,
-                                                    out_hashtree_desc->partition_name_len);
-                if (hashtree_partition_name == partition_name) {
-                    found = true;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (!found) {
-        LERROR << "Partition descriptor not found: " << partition_name.c_str();
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    const uint8_t* desc_salt = desc_partition_name + out_hashtree_desc->partition_name_len;
-    *out_salt = bytes_to_hex(desc_salt, out_hashtree_desc->salt_len);
-
-    const uint8_t* desc_digest = desc_salt + out_hashtree_desc->salt_len;
-    *out_digest = bytes_to_hex(desc_digest, out_hashtree_desc->root_digest_len);
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-FsManagerAvbUniquePtr FsManagerAvbHandle::Open(const fstab& fstab) {
-    FsManagerAvbOps avb_ops(fstab);
-    return DoOpen(&avb_ops);
-}
-
-FsManagerAvbUniquePtr FsManagerAvbHandle::Open(ByNameSymlinkMap&& by_name_symlink_map) {
-    if (by_name_symlink_map.empty()) {
-        LERROR << "Empty by_name_symlink_map when opening FsManagerAvbHandle";
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    FsManagerAvbOps avb_ops(std::move(by_name_symlink_map));
-    return DoOpen(&avb_ops);
-}
-
-FsManagerAvbUniquePtr FsManagerAvbHandle::DoOpen(FsManagerAvbOps* avb_ops) {
-    bool is_device_unlocked = fs_mgr_is_device_unlocked();
-
-    FsManagerAvbUniquePtr avb_handle(new FsManagerAvbHandle());
-    if (!avb_handle) {
-        LERROR << "Failed to allocate FsManagerAvbHandle";
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    AvbSlotVerifyFlags flags = is_device_unlocked ? AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_FLAGS_ALLOW_VERIFICATION_ERROR
-                                                  : AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_FLAGS_NONE;
-    AvbSlotVerifyResult verify_result =
-        avb_ops->AvbSlotVerify(fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix(), flags, &avb_handle->avb_slot_data_);
-
-    // Only allow two verify results:
-    //   - AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_OK.
-    //   - AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_VERIFICATION (for UNLOCKED state).
-    //     If the device is UNLOCKED, i.e., |allow_verification_error| is true for
-    //     AvbSlotVerify(), then the following return values are all non-fatal:
-    //       * AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_VERIFICATION
-    //       * AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_PUBLIC_KEY_REJECTED
-    //       * AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_ROLLBACK_INDEX
-    //     The latter two results were checked by bootloader prior to start fs_mgr so
-    //     we just need to handle the first result here. See *dummy* operations in
-    //     FsManagerAvbOps and the comments in external/avb/libavb/avb_slot_verify.h
-    //     for more details.
-    switch (verify_result) {
-        case AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_OK:
-            avb_handle->status_ = kAvbHandleSuccess;
-            break;
-        case AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_VERIFICATION:
-            if (!is_device_unlocked) {
-                LERROR << "ERROR_VERIFICATION isn't allowed when the device is LOCKED";
-                return nullptr;
-            }
-            avb_handle->status_ = kAvbHandleVerificationError;
-            break;
-        default:
-            LERROR << "avb_slot_verify failed, result: " << verify_result;
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    // Sets the MAJOR.MINOR for init to set it into "ro.boot.avb_version".
-    avb_handle->avb_version_ =
-        android::base::StringPrintf("%d.%d", AVB_VERSION_MAJOR, AVB_VERSION_MINOR);
-
-    // Checks whether FLAGS_VERIFICATION_DISABLED is set:
-    //   - Only the top-level vbmeta struct is read.
-    //   - vbmeta struct in other partitions are NOT processed, including AVB HASH descriptor(s)
-    //     and AVB HASHTREE descriptor(s).
-    AvbVBMetaImageHeader vbmeta_header;
-    avb_vbmeta_image_header_to_host_byte_order(
-        (AvbVBMetaImageHeader*)avb_handle->avb_slot_data_->vbmeta_images[0].vbmeta_data,
-        &vbmeta_header);
-    bool verification_disabled =
-        ((AvbVBMetaImageFlags)vbmeta_header.flags & AVB_VBMETA_IMAGE_FLAGS_VERIFICATION_DISABLED);
-
-    if (verification_disabled) {
-        avb_handle->status_ = kAvbHandleVerificationDisabled;
-    } else {
-        // Verifies vbmeta structs against the digest passed from bootloader in kernel cmdline.
-        std::unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbVerifier> avb_verifier = FsManagerAvbVerifier::Create();
-        if (!avb_verifier) {
-            LERROR << "Failed to create FsManagerAvbVerifier";
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        if (!avb_verifier->VerifyVbmetaImages(*avb_handle->avb_slot_data_)) {
-            LERROR << "VerifyVbmetaImages failed";
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-
-        // Checks whether FLAGS_HASHTREE_DISABLED is set.
-        bool hashtree_disabled =
-            ((AvbVBMetaImageFlags)vbmeta_header.flags & AVB_VBMETA_IMAGE_FLAGS_HASHTREE_DISABLED);
-        if (hashtree_disabled) {
-            avb_handle->status_ = kAvbHandleHashtreeDisabled;
-        }
-    }
-
-    LINFO << "Returning avb_handle with status: " << avb_handle->status_;
-    return avb_handle;
-}
-
-SetUpAvbHashtreeResult FsManagerAvbHandle::SetUpAvbHashtree(struct fstab_rec* fstab_entry,
-                                                            bool wait_for_verity_dev) {
-    if (!fstab_entry || status_ == kAvbHandleUninitialized || !avb_slot_data_ ||
-        avb_slot_data_->num_vbmeta_images < 1) {
-        return SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kFail;
-    }
-
-    if (status_ == kAvbHandleHashtreeDisabled || status_ == kAvbHandleVerificationDisabled) {
-        LINFO << "AVB HASHTREE disabled on: " << fstab_entry->mount_point;
-        return SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kDisabled;
-    }
-
-    // Derives partition_name from blk_device to query the corresponding AVB HASHTREE descriptor
-    // to setup dm-verity. The partition_names in AVB descriptors are without A/B suffix.
-    std::string partition_name;
-    if (fstab_entry->fs_mgr_flags & MF_LOGICAL) {
-        partition_name = fstab_entry->logical_partition_name;
-    } else {
-        partition_name = basename(fstab_entry->blk_device);
-    }
-
-    if (fstab_entry->fs_mgr_flags & MF_SLOTSELECT) {
-        auto ab_suffix = partition_name.rfind(fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix());
-        if (ab_suffix != std::string::npos) {
-            partition_name.erase(ab_suffix);
-        }
-    }
-
-    AvbHashtreeDescriptor hashtree_descriptor;
-    std::string salt;
-    std::string root_digest;
-    if (!get_hashtree_descriptor(partition_name, *avb_slot_data_, &hashtree_descriptor, &salt,
-                                 &root_digest)) {
-        return SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kFail;
-    }
-
-    // Converts HASHTREE descriptor to verity_table_params.
-    if (!hashtree_dm_verity_setup(fstab_entry, hashtree_descriptor, salt, root_digest,
-                                  wait_for_verity_dev)) {
-        return SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kFail;
-    }
-
-    return SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kSuccess;
-}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_boot_config.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_boot_config.cpp
index 733ad55..abece4d 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_boot_config.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_boot_config.cpp
@@ -81,6 +81,9 @@
 bool fs_mgr_get_boot_config_from_kernel_cmdline(const std::string& key, std::string* out_val) {
     std::string cmdline;
     if (!android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/cmdline", &cmdline)) return false;
+    if (!cmdline.empty() && cmdline.back() == '\n') {
+        cmdline.pop_back();
+    }
     return fs_mgr_get_boot_config_from_kernel(cmdline, key, out_val);
 }
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_dm_linear.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_dm_linear.cpp
index a91e92e..45cbff3 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_dm_linear.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_dm_linear.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 
 #include <sstream>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
@@ -50,8 +51,29 @@
 using DmTargetZero = android::dm::DmTargetZero;
 using DmTargetLinear = android::dm::DmTargetLinear;
 
-static bool CreateDmTable(const std::string& block_device, const LpMetadata& metadata,
-                          const LpMetadataPartition& partition, DmTable* table) {
+static bool GetPhysicalPartitionDevicePath(const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                                           const LpMetadataBlockDevice& block_device,
+                                           const std::string& super_device,
+                                           std::string* result) {
+    // Note: device-mapper will not accept symlinks, so we must use realpath
+    // here.
+    std::string name = GetBlockDevicePartitionName(block_device);
+    std::string path = "/dev/block/by-name/" + name;
+    // If the super device is the source of this block device's metadata,
+    // make sure we use the correct super device (and not just "super",
+    // which might not exist.)
+    if (GetMetadataSuperBlockDevice(metadata) == &block_device) {
+        path = super_device;
+    }
+    if (!android::base::Realpath(path, result)) {
+        PERROR << "realpath: " << path;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool CreateDmTable(const LpMetadata& metadata, const LpMetadataPartition& partition,
+                          const std::string& super_device, DmTable* table) {
     uint64_t sector = 0;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < partition.num_extents; i++) {
         const auto& extent = metadata.extents[partition.first_extent_index + i];
@@ -60,10 +82,17 @@
             case LP_TARGET_TYPE_ZERO:
                 target = std::make_unique<DmTargetZero>(sector, extent.num_sectors);
                 break;
-            case LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR:
-                target = std::make_unique<DmTargetLinear>(sector, extent.num_sectors, block_device,
+            case LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR: {
+                const auto& block_device = metadata.block_devices[extent.target_source];
+                std::string path;
+                if (!GetPhysicalPartitionDevicePath(metadata, block_device, super_device, &path)) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to complete device-mapper table, unknown block device";
+                    return false;
+                }
+                target = std::make_unique<DmTargetLinear>(sector, extent.num_sectors, path,
                                                           extent.target_data);
                 break;
+            }
             default:
                 LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown target type in metadata: " << extent.target_type;
                 return false;
@@ -79,13 +108,13 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool CreateLogicalPartition(const std::string& block_device, const LpMetadata& metadata,
-                                   const LpMetadataPartition& partition, bool force_writable,
-                                   std::string* path) {
+static bool CreateLogicalPartition(const LpMetadata& metadata, const LpMetadataPartition& partition,
+                                   bool force_writable, const std::chrono::milliseconds& timeout_ms,
+                                   const std::string& super_device, std::string* path) {
     DeviceMapper& dm = DeviceMapper::Instance();
 
     DmTable table;
-    if (!CreateDmTable(block_device, metadata, partition, &table)) {
+    if (!CreateDmTable(metadata, partition, super_device, &table)) {
         return false;
     }
     if (force_writable) {
@@ -98,6 +127,13 @@
     if (!dm.GetDmDevicePathByName(name, path)) {
         return false;
     }
+    if (timeout_ms > std::chrono::milliseconds::zero()) {
+        if (!fs_mgr_wait_for_file(*path, timeout_ms, FileWaitMode::Exists)) {
+            DestroyLogicalPartition(name, {});
+            LERROR << "Timed out waiting for device path: " << *path;
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
     LINFO << "Created logical partition " << name << " on device " << *path;
     return true;
 }
@@ -109,13 +145,22 @@
         LOG(ERROR) << "Could not read partition table.";
         return true;
     }
-    for (const auto& partition : metadata->partitions) {
+    return CreateLogicalPartitions(*metadata.get(), block_device);
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadCurrentMetadata(const std::string& block_device) {
+    uint32_t slot = SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix());
+    return ReadMetadata(block_device.c_str(), slot);
+}
+
+bool CreateLogicalPartitions(const LpMetadata& metadata, const std::string& super_device) {
+    for (const auto& partition : metadata.partitions) {
         if (!partition.num_extents) {
             LINFO << "Skipping zero-length logical partition: " << GetPartitionName(partition);
             continue;
         }
         std::string path;
-        if (!CreateLogicalPartition(block_device, *metadata.get(), partition, false, &path)) {
+        if (!CreateLogicalPartition(metadata, partition, false, {}, super_device, &path)) {
             LERROR << "Could not create logical partition: " << GetPartitionName(partition);
             return false;
         }
@@ -123,29 +168,44 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool CreateLogicalPartition(const std::string& block_device, uint32_t metadata_slot,
+bool CreateLogicalPartition(const std::string& block_device, const LpMetadata& metadata,
                             const std::string& partition_name, bool force_writable,
-                            std::string* path) {
-    auto metadata = ReadMetadata(block_device.c_str(), metadata_slot);
-    if (!metadata) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not read partition table.";
-        return true;
-    }
-    for (const auto& partition : metadata->partitions) {
+                            const std::chrono::milliseconds& timeout_ms, std::string* path) {
+    for (const auto& partition : metadata.partitions) {
         if (GetPartitionName(partition) == partition_name) {
-            return CreateLogicalPartition(block_device, *metadata.get(), partition, force_writable,
-                                          path);
+            return CreateLogicalPartition(metadata, partition, force_writable, timeout_ms,
+                                          block_device, path);
         }
     }
     LERROR << "Could not find any partition with name: " << partition_name;
     return false;
 }
 
-bool DestroyLogicalPartition(const std::string& name) {
+bool CreateLogicalPartition(const std::string& block_device, uint32_t metadata_slot,
+                            const std::string& partition_name, bool force_writable,
+                            const std::chrono::milliseconds& timeout_ms, std::string* path) {
+    auto metadata = ReadMetadata(block_device.c_str(), metadata_slot);
+    if (!metadata) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not read partition table.";
+        return true;
+    }
+    return CreateLogicalPartition(block_device, *metadata.get(), partition_name, force_writable,
+                                  timeout_ms, path);
+}
+
+bool DestroyLogicalPartition(const std::string& name, const std::chrono::milliseconds& timeout_ms) {
     DeviceMapper& dm = DeviceMapper::Instance();
+    std::string path;
+    if (timeout_ms > std::chrono::milliseconds::zero()) {
+        dm.GetDmDevicePathByName(name, &path);
+    }
     if (!dm.DeleteDevice(name)) {
         return false;
     }
+    if (!path.empty() && !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(path, timeout_ms, FileWaitMode::DoesNotExist)) {
+        LERROR << "Timed out waiting for device path to unlink: " << path;
+        return false;
+    }
     LINFO << "Unmapped logical partition " << name;
     return true;
 }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp
index 845cca9..1a0e7ab 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_format.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <cutils/partition_utils.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
 
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4_utils.h>
 #include <logwrap/logwrap.h>
@@ -34,30 +35,28 @@
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
 #include "cryptfs.h"
 
-static int get_dev_sz(char *fs_blkdev, uint64_t *dev_sz)
-{
-    int fd;
+using android::base::unique_fd;
 
-    if ((fd = open(fs_blkdev, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
+static int get_dev_sz(const std::string& fs_blkdev, uint64_t* dev_sz) {
+    unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(fs_blkdev.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
+
+    if (fd < 0) {
         PERROR << "Cannot open block device";
         return -1;
     }
 
     if ((ioctl(fd, BLKGETSIZE64, dev_sz)) == -1) {
         PERROR << "Cannot get block device size";
-        close(fd);
         return -1;
     }
 
-    close(fd);
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int format_ext4(char *fs_blkdev, char *fs_mnt_point, bool crypt_footer)
-{
+static int format_ext4(const std::string& fs_blkdev, const std::string& fs_mnt_point,
+                       bool crypt_footer) {
     uint64_t dev_sz;
     int rc = 0;
-    int status;
 
     rc = get_dev_sz(fs_blkdev, &dev_sz);
     if (rc) {
@@ -71,7 +70,8 @@
 
     std::string size_str = std::to_string(dev_sz / 4096);
     const char* const mke2fs_args[] = {
-        "/system/bin/mke2fs", "-t", "ext4", "-b", "4096", fs_blkdev, size_str.c_str(), nullptr};
+            "/system/bin/mke2fs", "-t",   "ext4", "-b", "4096", fs_blkdev.c_str(),
+            size_str.c_str(),     nullptr};
 
     rc = android_fork_execvp_ext(arraysize(mke2fs_args), const_cast<char**>(mke2fs_args), NULL,
                                  true, LOG_KLOG, true, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
@@ -81,12 +81,7 @@
     }
 
     const char* const e2fsdroid_args[] = {
-        "/system/bin/e2fsdroid",
-        "-e",
-        "-a",
-        fs_mnt_point,
-        fs_blkdev,
-        nullptr};
+            "/system/bin/e2fsdroid", "-e", "-a", fs_mnt_point.c_str(), fs_blkdev.c_str(), nullptr};
 
     rc = android_fork_execvp_ext(arraysize(e2fsdroid_args), const_cast<char**>(e2fsdroid_args),
                                  NULL, true, LOG_KLOG, true, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
@@ -97,10 +92,7 @@
     return rc;
 }
 
-static int format_f2fs(char *fs_blkdev, uint64_t dev_sz, bool crypt_footer)
-{
-    int status;
-
+static int format_f2fs(const std::string& fs_blkdev, uint64_t dev_sz, bool crypt_footer) {
     if (!dev_sz) {
         int rc = get_dev_sz(fs_blkdev, &dev_sz);
         if (rc) {
@@ -117,13 +109,8 @@
     // clang-format off
     const char* const args[] = {
         "/system/bin/make_f2fs",
-        "-d1",
-        "-f",
-        "-O", "encrypt",
-        "-O", "quota",
-        "-O", "verity",
-        "-w", "4096",
-        fs_blkdev,
+        "-g", "android",
+        fs_blkdev.c_str(),
         size_str.c_str(),
         nullptr
     };
@@ -133,20 +120,21 @@
                                    LOG_KLOG, true, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
 }
 
-int fs_mgr_do_format(struct fstab_rec *fstab, bool crypt_footer)
-{
-    int rc = -EINVAL;
+int fs_mgr_do_format(const FstabEntry& entry, bool crypt_footer) {
+    LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << ": Format " << entry.blk_device << " as '" << entry.fs_type << "'";
 
-    LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << ": Format " << fstab->blk_device
-           << " as '" << fstab->fs_type << "'";
-
-    if (!strncmp(fstab->fs_type, "f2fs", 4)) {
-        rc = format_f2fs(fstab->blk_device, fstab->length, crypt_footer);
-    } else if (!strncmp(fstab->fs_type, "ext4", 4)) {
-        rc = format_ext4(fstab->blk_device, fstab->mount_point, crypt_footer);
+    if (entry.fs_type == "f2fs") {
+        return format_f2fs(entry.blk_device, entry.length, crypt_footer);
+    } else if (entry.fs_type == "ext4") {
+        return format_ext4(entry.blk_device, entry.mount_point, crypt_footer);
     } else {
-        LERROR << "File system type '" << fstab->fs_type << "' is not supported";
+        LERROR << "File system type '" << entry.fs_type << "' is not supported";
+        return -EINVAL;
     }
+}
 
-    return rc;
+int fs_mgr_do_format(struct fstab_rec* rec, bool crypt_footer) {
+    auto entry = FstabRecToFstabEntry(rec);
+
+    return fs_mgr_do_format(entry, crypt_footer);
 }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
index f87a3b1..9d4f280 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
@@ -28,36 +28,43 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <libgsi/libgsi.h>
 
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
 
+using android::base::Split;
 using android::base::StartsWith;
 
 const std::string kDefaultAndroidDtDir("/proc/device-tree/firmware/android");
 
 struct fs_mgr_flag_values {
-    char *key_loc;
-    char* key_dir;
-    char *verity_loc;
-    char *sysfs_path;
-    long long part_length;
-    char *label;
-    int partnum;
-    int swap_prio;
-    int max_comp_streams;
-    unsigned int zram_size;
-    uint64_t reserved_size;
-    unsigned int file_contents_mode;
-    unsigned int file_names_mode;
-    unsigned int erase_blk_size;
-    unsigned int logical_blk_size;
+    std::string key_loc;
+    std::string key_dir;
+    std::string verity_loc;
+    std::string sysfs_path;
+    std::string zram_loopback_path;
+    uint64_t zram_loopback_size = 512 * 1024 * 1024; // 512MB by default
+    std::string zram_backing_dev_path;
+    off64_t part_length = 0;
+    std::string label;
+    int partnum = -1;
+    int swap_prio = -1;
+    int max_comp_streams = 0;
+    off64_t zram_size = 0;
+    off64_t reserved_size = 0;
+    int file_contents_mode = 0;
+    int file_names_mode = 0;
+    off64_t erase_blk_size = 0;
+    off64_t logical_blk_size = 0;
+    std::string vbmeta_partition;
 };
 
 struct flag_list {
     const char *name;
-    unsigned int flag;
+    uint64_t flag;
 };
 
 static struct flag_list mount_flags[] = {
@@ -80,46 +87,57 @@
 };
 
 static struct flag_list fs_mgr_flags[] = {
-    {"wait", MF_WAIT},
-    {"check", MF_CHECK},
-    {"encryptable=", MF_CRYPT},
-    {"forceencrypt=", MF_FORCECRYPT},
-    {"fileencryption=", MF_FILEENCRYPTION},
-    {"forcefdeorfbe=", MF_FORCEFDEORFBE},
-    {"keydirectory=", MF_KEYDIRECTORY},
-    {"nonremovable", MF_NONREMOVABLE},
-    {"voldmanaged=", MF_VOLDMANAGED},
-    {"length=", MF_LENGTH},
-    {"recoveryonly", MF_RECOVERYONLY},
-    {"swapprio=", MF_SWAPPRIO},
-    {"zramsize=", MF_ZRAMSIZE},
-    {"max_comp_streams=", MF_MAX_COMP_STREAMS},
-    {"verifyatboot", MF_VERIFYATBOOT},
-    {"verify", MF_VERIFY},
-    {"avb", MF_AVB},
-    {"noemulatedsd", MF_NOEMULATEDSD},
-    {"notrim", MF_NOTRIM},
-    {"formattable", MF_FORMATTABLE},
-    {"slotselect", MF_SLOTSELECT},
-    {"nofail", MF_NOFAIL},
-    {"latemount", MF_LATEMOUNT},
-    {"reservedsize=", MF_RESERVEDSIZE},
-    {"quota", MF_QUOTA},
-    {"eraseblk=", MF_ERASEBLKSIZE},
-    {"logicalblk=", MF_LOGICALBLKSIZE},
-    {"sysfs_path=", MF_SYSFS},
-    {"defaults", 0},
-    {"logical", MF_LOGICAL},
-    {0, 0},
+        {"wait", MF_WAIT},
+        {"check", MF_CHECK},
+        {"encryptable=", MF_CRYPT},
+        {"forceencrypt=", MF_FORCECRYPT},
+        {"fileencryption=", MF_FILEENCRYPTION},
+        {"forcefdeorfbe=", MF_FORCEFDEORFBE},
+        {"keydirectory=", MF_KEYDIRECTORY},
+        {"nonremovable", MF_NONREMOVABLE},
+        {"voldmanaged=", MF_VOLDMANAGED},
+        {"length=", MF_LENGTH},
+        {"recoveryonly", MF_RECOVERYONLY},
+        {"swapprio=", MF_SWAPPRIO},
+        {"zramsize=", MF_ZRAMSIZE},
+        {"max_comp_streams=", MF_MAX_COMP_STREAMS},
+        {"verifyatboot", MF_VERIFYATBOOT},
+        {"verify", MF_VERIFY},
+        {"avb", MF_AVB},
+        {"avb=", MF_AVB},
+        {"noemulatedsd", MF_NOEMULATEDSD},
+        {"notrim", MF_NOTRIM},
+        {"formattable", MF_FORMATTABLE},
+        {"slotselect", MF_SLOTSELECT},
+        {"nofail", MF_NOFAIL},
+        {"first_stage_mount", MF_FIRST_STAGE_MOUNT},
+        {"latemount", MF_LATEMOUNT},
+        {"reservedsize=", MF_RESERVEDSIZE},
+        {"quota", MF_QUOTA},
+        {"eraseblk=", MF_ERASEBLKSIZE},
+        {"logicalblk=", MF_LOGICALBLKSIZE},
+        {"sysfs_path=", MF_SYSFS},
+        {"defaults", 0},
+        {"logical", MF_LOGICAL},
+        {"checkpoint=block", MF_CHECKPOINT_BLK},
+        {"checkpoint=fs", MF_CHECKPOINT_FS},
+        {"slotselect_other", MF_SLOTSELECT_OTHER},
+        {"zram_loopback_path=", MF_ZRAM_LOOPBACK_PATH},
+        {"zram_loopback_size=", MF_ZRAM_LOOPBACK_SIZE},
+        {"zram_backing_dev_path=", MF_ZRAM_BACKING_DEV_PATH},
+        {"fsverity", MF_FS_VERITY},
+        {0, 0},
 };
 
 #define EM_AES_256_XTS  1
 #define EM_ICE          2
 #define EM_AES_256_CTS  3
 #define EM_AES_256_HEH  4
+#define EM_ADIANTUM     5
 
 static const struct flag_list file_contents_encryption_modes[] = {
     {"aes-256-xts", EM_AES_256_XTS},
+    {"adiantum", EM_ADIANTUM},
     {"software", EM_AES_256_XTS}, /* alias for backwards compatibility */
     {"ice", EM_ICE}, /* hardware-specific inline cryptographic engine */
     {0, 0},
@@ -128,12 +146,12 @@
 static const struct flag_list file_names_encryption_modes[] = {
     {"aes-256-cts", EM_AES_256_CTS},
     {"aes-256-heh", EM_AES_256_HEH},
+    {"adiantum", EM_ADIANTUM},
     {0, 0},
 };
 
-static unsigned int encryption_mode_to_flag(const struct flag_list *list,
-                                            const char *mode, const char *type)
-{
+static int encryption_mode_to_flag(const struct flag_list* list, const char* mode,
+                                   const char* type) {
     const struct flag_list *j;
 
     for (j = list; j->name; ++j) {
@@ -145,9 +163,7 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-static const char *flag_to_encryption_mode(const struct flag_list *list,
-                                           unsigned int flag)
-{
+static const char* flag_to_encryption_mode(const struct flag_list* list, uint64_t flag) {
     const struct flag_list *j;
 
     for (j = list; j->name; ++j) {
@@ -158,9 +174,8 @@
     return nullptr;
 }
 
-static uint64_t calculate_zram_size(unsigned int percentage)
-{
-    uint64_t total;
+static off64_t calculate_zram_size(unsigned int percentage) {
+    off64_t total;
 
     total  = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
     total *= percentage;
@@ -171,10 +186,9 @@
     return total;
 }
 
-static uint64_t parse_size(const char *arg)
-{
+static off64_t parse_size(const char* arg) {
     char *endptr;
-    uint64_t size = strtoull(arg, &endptr, 10);
+    off64_t size = strtoll(arg, &endptr, 10);
     if (*endptr == 'k' || *endptr == 'K')
         size *= 1024LL;
     else if (*endptr == 'm' || *endptr == 'M')
@@ -203,28 +217,13 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-static int parse_flags(char *flags, struct flag_list *fl,
-                       struct fs_mgr_flag_values *flag_vals,
-                       char *fs_options, int fs_options_len)
-{
-    int f = 0;
+static uint64_t parse_flags(char* flags, struct flag_list* fl, struct fs_mgr_flag_values* flag_vals,
+                            std::string* fs_options) {
+    uint64_t f = 0;
     int i;
     char *p;
     char *savep;
 
-    /* initialize flag values.  If we find a relevant flag, we'll
-     * update the value */
-    if (flag_vals) {
-        memset(flag_vals, 0, sizeof(*flag_vals));
-        flag_vals->partnum = -1;
-        flag_vals->swap_prio = -1; /* negative means it wasn't specified. */
-    }
-
-    /* initialize fs_options to the null string */
-    if (fs_options && (fs_options_len > 0)) {
-        fs_options[0] = '\0';
-    }
-
     p = strtok_r(flags, ",", &savep);
     while (p) {
         /* Look for the flag "p" in the flag list "fl"
@@ -245,22 +244,22 @@
                     /* The encryptable flag is followed by an = and the
                      * location of the keys.  Get it and return it.
                      */
-                    flag_vals->key_loc = strdup(arg);
+                    flag_vals->key_loc = arg;
                 } else if (flag == MF_VERIFY) {
                     /* If the verify flag is followed by an = and the
                      * location for the verity state,  get it and return it.
                      */
-                    flag_vals->verity_loc = strdup(arg);
+                    flag_vals->verity_loc = arg;
                 } else if (flag == MF_FORCECRYPT) {
                     /* The forceencrypt flag is followed by an = and the
                      * location of the keys.  Get it and return it.
                      */
-                    flag_vals->key_loc = strdup(arg);
+                    flag_vals->key_loc = arg;
                 } else if (flag == MF_FORCEFDEORFBE) {
                     /* The forcefdeorfbe flag is followed by an = and the
                      * location of the keys.  Get it and return it.
                      */
-                    flag_vals->key_loc = strdup(arg);
+                    flag_vals->key_loc = arg;
                     flag_vals->file_contents_mode = EM_AES_256_XTS;
                     flag_vals->file_names_mode = EM_AES_256_CTS;
                 } else if (flag == MF_FILEENCRYPTION) {
@@ -281,6 +280,8 @@
                         flag_vals->file_names_mode =
                             encryption_mode_to_flag(file_names_encryption_modes,
                                                     colon + 1, "file names");
+                    } else if (flag_vals->file_contents_mode == EM_ADIANTUM) {
+                        flag_vals->file_names_mode = EM_ADIANTUM;
                     } else {
                         flag_vals->file_names_mode = EM_AES_256_CTS;
                     }
@@ -288,7 +289,7 @@
                     /* The metadata flag is followed by an = and the
                      * directory for the keys.  Get it and return it.
                      */
-                    flag_vals->key_dir = strdup(arg);
+                    flag_vals->key_dir = arg;
                 } else if (flag == MF_LENGTH) {
                     /* The length flag is followed by an = and the
                      * size of the partition.  Get it and return it.
@@ -305,8 +306,7 @@
                     auto label_end = strchr(label_start, ':');
 
                     if (label_end) {
-                        flag_vals->label = strndup(label_start,
-                                                   (int) (label_end - label_start));
+                        flag_vals->label = std::string(label_start, (int)(label_end - label_start));
                         auto part_start = label_end + 1;
                         if (!strcmp(part_start, "auto")) {
                             flag_vals->partnum = -1;
@@ -320,6 +320,8 @@
                     flag_vals->swap_prio = strtoll(arg, NULL, 0);
                 } else if (flag == MF_MAX_COMP_STREAMS) {
                     flag_vals->max_comp_streams = strtoll(arg, NULL, 0);
+                } else if (flag == MF_AVB) {
+                    flag_vals->vbmeta_partition = arg;
                 } else if (flag == MF_ZRAMSIZE) {
                     auto is_percent = !!strrchr(arg, '%');
                     auto val = strtoll(arg, NULL, 0);
@@ -337,7 +339,7 @@
                      * erase block size. Get it, check that it is a power of 2 and
                      * at least 4096, and return it.
                      */
-                    auto val = strtoul(arg, NULL, 0);
+                    auto val = strtoll(arg, nullptr, 0);
                     if (val >= 4096 && (val & (val - 1)) == 0)
                         flag_vals->erase_blk_size = val;
                 } else if (flag == MF_LOGICALBLKSIZE) {
@@ -345,12 +347,22 @@
                      * logical block size. Get it, check that it is a power of 2 and
                      * at least 4096, and return it.
                      */
-                    auto val = strtoul(arg, NULL, 0);
+                    auto val = strtoll(arg, nullptr, 0);
                     if (val >= 4096 && (val & (val - 1)) == 0)
                         flag_vals->logical_blk_size = val;
                 } else if (flag == MF_SYSFS) {
                     /* The path to trigger device gc by idle-maint of vold. */
-                    flag_vals->sysfs_path = strdup(arg);
+                    flag_vals->sysfs_path = arg;
+                } else if (flag == MF_ZRAM_LOOPBACK_PATH) {
+                    /* The path to use loopback for zram. */
+                    flag_vals->zram_loopback_path = arg;
+                } else if (flag == MF_ZRAM_LOOPBACK_SIZE) {
+                    if (!android::base::ParseByteCount(arg, &flag_vals->zram_loopback_size)) {
+                        LERROR << "Warning: zram_loopback_size = flag malformed";
+                    }
+                } else if (flag == MF_ZRAM_BACKING_DEV_PATH) {
+                    /* The path to use loopback for zram. */
+                    flag_vals->zram_backing_dev_path = arg;
                 }
                 break;
             }
@@ -358,26 +370,20 @@
 
         if (!fl[i].name) {
             if (fs_options) {
-                /* It's not a known flag, so it must be a filesystem specific
-                 * option.  Add it to fs_options if it was passed in.
-                 */
-                strlcat(fs_options, p, fs_options_len);
-                strlcat(fs_options, ",", fs_options_len);
+                // It's not a known flag, so it must be a filesystem specific
+                // option.  Add it to fs_options if it was passed in.
+                if (!fs_options->empty()) {
+                    fs_options->append(",");  // appends a comma if not the first
+                }
+                fs_options->append(p);
             } else {
-                /* fs_options was not passed in, so if the flag is unknown
-                 * it's an error.
-                 */
+                // fs_options was not passed in, so if the flag is unknown it's an error.
                 LERROR << "Warning: unknown flag " << p;
             }
         }
         p = strtok_r(NULL, ",", &savep);
     }
 
-    if (fs_options && fs_options[0]) {
-        /* remove the last trailing comma from the list of options */
-        fs_options[strlen(fs_options) - 1] = '\0';
-    }
-
     return f;
 }
 
@@ -401,10 +407,13 @@
 static bool is_dt_fstab_compatible() {
     std::string dt_value;
     std::string file_name = get_android_dt_dir() + "/fstab/compatible";
-    if (read_dt_file(file_name, &dt_value)) {
-        if (dt_value == "android,fstab") {
-            return true;
-        }
+
+    if (read_dt_file(file_name, &dt_value) && dt_value == "android,fstab") {
+        // If there's no status property or its set to "ok" or "okay", then we use the DT fstab.
+        std::string status_value;
+        std::string status_file_name = get_android_dt_dir() + "/fstab/status";
+        return !read_dt_file(status_file_name, &status_value) || status_value == "ok" ||
+               status_value == "okay";
     }
 
     return false;
@@ -504,49 +513,15 @@
     return false;
 }
 
-static struct fstab* fs_mgr_read_fstab_file(FILE* fstab_file, bool proc_mounts) {
-    int cnt, entries;
+static bool fs_mgr_read_fstab_file(FILE* fstab_file, bool proc_mounts, Fstab* fstab_out) {
     ssize_t len;
     size_t alloc_len = 0;
     char *line = NULL;
     const char *delim = " \t";
     char *save_ptr, *p;
-    struct fstab *fstab = NULL;
+    Fstab fstab;
     struct fs_mgr_flag_values flag_vals;
-#define FS_OPTIONS_LEN 1024
-    char tmp_fs_options[FS_OPTIONS_LEN];
 
-    entries = 0;
-    while ((len = getline(&line, &alloc_len, fstab_file)) != -1) {
-        /* if the last character is a newline, shorten the string by 1 byte */
-        if (line[len - 1] == '\n') {
-            line[len - 1] = '\0';
-        }
-        /* Skip any leading whitespace */
-        p = line;
-        while (isspace(*p)) {
-            p++;
-        }
-        /* ignore comments or empty lines */
-        if (*p == '#' || *p == '\0')
-            continue;
-        entries++;
-    }
-
-    if (!entries) {
-        LERROR << "No entries found in fstab";
-        goto err;
-    }
-
-    /* Allocate and init the fstab structure */
-    fstab = static_cast<struct fstab *>(calloc(1, sizeof(struct fstab)));
-    fstab->num_entries = entries;
-    fstab->recs = static_cast<struct fstab_rec *>(
-        calloc(fstab->num_entries, sizeof(struct fstab_rec)));
-
-    fseek(fstab_file, 0, SEEK_SET);
-
-    cnt = 0;
     while ((len = getline(&line, &alloc_len, fstab_file)) != -1) {
         /* if the last character is a newline, shorten the string by 1 byte */
         if (line[len - 1] == '\n') {
@@ -562,47 +537,31 @@
         if (*p == '#' || *p == '\0')
             continue;
 
-        /* If a non-comment entry is greater than the size we allocated, give an
-         * error and quit.  This can happen in the unlikely case the file changes
-         * between the two reads.
-         */
-        if (cnt >= entries) {
-            LERROR << "Tried to process more entries than counted";
-            break;
-        }
+        FstabEntry entry;
 
         if (!(p = strtok_r(line, delim, &save_ptr))) {
             LERROR << "Error parsing mount source";
             goto err;
         }
-        fstab->recs[cnt].blk_device = strdup(p);
+        entry.blk_device = p;
 
         if (!(p = strtok_r(NULL, delim, &save_ptr))) {
             LERROR << "Error parsing mount_point";
             goto err;
         }
-        fstab->recs[cnt].mount_point = strdup(p);
+        entry.mount_point = p;
 
         if (!(p = strtok_r(NULL, delim, &save_ptr))) {
             LERROR << "Error parsing fs_type";
             goto err;
         }
-        fstab->recs[cnt].fs_type = strdup(p);
+        entry.fs_type = p;
 
         if (!(p = strtok_r(NULL, delim, &save_ptr))) {
             LERROR << "Error parsing mount_flags";
             goto err;
         }
-        tmp_fs_options[0] = '\0';
-        fstab->recs[cnt].flags = parse_flags(p, mount_flags, NULL,
-                                       tmp_fs_options, FS_OPTIONS_LEN);
-
-        /* fs_options are optional */
-        if (tmp_fs_options[0]) {
-            fstab->recs[cnt].fs_options = strdup(tmp_fs_options);
-        } else {
-            fstab->recs[cnt].fs_options = NULL;
-        }
+        entry.flags = parse_flags(p, mount_flags, nullptr, &entry.fs_options);
 
         // For /proc/mounts, ignore everything after mnt_freq and mnt_passno
         if (proc_mounts) {
@@ -611,78 +570,51 @@
             LERROR << "Error parsing fs_mgr_options";
             goto err;
         }
-        fstab->recs[cnt].fs_mgr_flags = parse_flags(p, fs_mgr_flags,
-                                                    &flag_vals, NULL, 0);
-        fstab->recs[cnt].key_loc = flag_vals.key_loc;
-        fstab->recs[cnt].key_dir = flag_vals.key_dir;
-        fstab->recs[cnt].verity_loc = flag_vals.verity_loc;
-        fstab->recs[cnt].length = flag_vals.part_length;
-        fstab->recs[cnt].label = flag_vals.label;
-        fstab->recs[cnt].partnum = flag_vals.partnum;
-        fstab->recs[cnt].swap_prio = flag_vals.swap_prio;
-        fstab->recs[cnt].max_comp_streams = flag_vals.max_comp_streams;
-        fstab->recs[cnt].zram_size = flag_vals.zram_size;
-        fstab->recs[cnt].reserved_size = flag_vals.reserved_size;
-        fstab->recs[cnt].file_contents_mode = flag_vals.file_contents_mode;
-        fstab->recs[cnt].file_names_mode = flag_vals.file_names_mode;
-        fstab->recs[cnt].erase_blk_size = flag_vals.erase_blk_size;
-        fstab->recs[cnt].logical_blk_size = flag_vals.logical_blk_size;
-        fstab->recs[cnt].sysfs_path = flag_vals.sysfs_path;
-        if (fstab->recs[cnt].fs_mgr_flags & MF_LOGICAL) {
-            fstab->recs[cnt].logical_partition_name = strdup(fstab->recs[cnt].blk_device);
+        entry.fs_mgr_flags.val = parse_flags(p, fs_mgr_flags, &flag_vals, nullptr);
+
+        entry.key_loc = std::move(flag_vals.key_loc);
+        entry.key_dir = std::move(flag_vals.key_dir);
+        entry.verity_loc = std::move(flag_vals.verity_loc);
+        entry.length = flag_vals.part_length;
+        entry.label = std::move(flag_vals.label);
+        entry.partnum = flag_vals.partnum;
+        entry.swap_prio = flag_vals.swap_prio;
+        entry.max_comp_streams = flag_vals.max_comp_streams;
+        entry.zram_size = flag_vals.zram_size;
+        entry.reserved_size = flag_vals.reserved_size;
+        entry.file_contents_mode = flag_vals.file_contents_mode;
+        entry.file_names_mode = flag_vals.file_names_mode;
+        entry.erase_blk_size = flag_vals.erase_blk_size;
+        entry.logical_blk_size = flag_vals.logical_blk_size;
+        entry.sysfs_path = std::move(flag_vals.sysfs_path);
+        entry.vbmeta_partition = std::move(flag_vals.vbmeta_partition);
+        entry.zram_loopback_path = std::move(flag_vals.zram_loopback_path);
+        entry.zram_loopback_size = std::move(flag_vals.zram_loopback_size);
+        entry.zram_backing_dev_path = std::move(flag_vals.zram_backing_dev_path);
+        if (entry.fs_mgr_flags.logical) {
+            entry.logical_partition_name = entry.blk_device;
         }
 
-        cnt++;
+        fstab.emplace_back(std::move(entry));
     }
+
+    if (fstab.empty()) {
+        LERROR << "No entries found in fstab";
+        goto err;
+    }
+
     /* If an A/B partition, modify block device to be the real block device */
-    if (!fs_mgr_update_for_slotselect(fstab)) {
+    if (!fs_mgr_update_for_slotselect(&fstab)) {
         LERROR << "Error updating for slotselect";
         goto err;
     }
     free(line);
-    return fstab;
+    *fstab_out = std::move(fstab);
+    return true;
 
 err:
     free(line);
-    if (fstab)
-        fs_mgr_free_fstab(fstab);
-    return NULL;
-}
-
-/* merges fstab entries from both a and b, then returns the merged result.
- * note that the caller should only manage the return pointer without
- * doing further memory management for the two inputs, i.e. only need to
- * frees up memory of the return value without touching a and b. */
-static struct fstab *in_place_merge(struct fstab *a, struct fstab *b)
-{
-    if (!a && !b) return nullptr;
-    if (!a) return b;
-    if (!b) return a;
-
-    int total_entries = a->num_entries + b->num_entries;
-    a->recs = static_cast<struct fstab_rec *>(realloc(
-        a->recs, total_entries * (sizeof(struct fstab_rec))));
-    if (!a->recs) {
-        LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): failed to allocate fstab recs";
-        // If realloc() fails the original block is left untouched;
-        // it is not freed or moved. So we have to free both a and b here.
-        fs_mgr_free_fstab(a);
-        fs_mgr_free_fstab(b);
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    for (int i = a->num_entries, j = 0; i < total_entries; i++, j++) {
-        // Copy the structs by assignment.
-        a->recs[i] = b->recs[j];
-    }
-
-    // We can't call fs_mgr_free_fstab because a->recs still references the
-    // memory allocated by strdup.
-    free(b->recs);
-    free(b);
-
-    a->num_entries = total_entries;
-    return a;
+    return false;
 }
 
 /* Extracts <device>s from the by-name symlinks specified in a fstab:
@@ -695,11 +627,11 @@
  *   /dev/block/pci/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/by-name/vendor
  * it returns a set { "soc/1da4000.ufshc", "soc.0/f9824900.sdhci" }.
  */
-static std::set<std::string> extract_boot_devices(const fstab& fstab) {
+static std::set<std::string> extract_boot_devices(const Fstab& fstab) {
     std::set<std::string> boot_devices;
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < fstab.num_entries; i++) {
-        std::string blk_device(fstab.recs[i].blk_device);
+    for (const auto& entry : fstab) {
+        std::string blk_device = entry.blk_device;
         // Skips blk_device that doesn't conform to the format.
         if (!android::base::StartsWith(blk_device, "/dev/block") ||
             android::base::StartsWith(blk_device, "/dev/block/by-name") ||
@@ -728,35 +660,70 @@
     return boot_devices;
 }
 
-struct fstab *fs_mgr_read_fstab(const char *fstab_path)
-{
-    FILE *fstab_file;
-    struct fstab *fstab;
+static void EraseFstabEntry(Fstab* fstab, const std::string& mount_point) {
+    auto iter = std::remove_if(fstab->begin(), fstab->end(),
+                               [&](const auto& entry) { return entry.mount_point == mount_point; });
+    fstab->erase(iter, fstab->end());
+}
 
-    fstab_file = fopen(fstab_path, "r");
+static void TransformFstabForGsi(Fstab* fstab) {
+    EraseFstabEntry(fstab, "/system");
+    EraseFstabEntry(fstab, "/data");
+
+    fstab->emplace_back(BuildGsiSystemFstabEntry());
+
+    constexpr uint32_t kFlags = MS_NOATIME | MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV;
+
+    FstabEntry userdata = {
+            .blk_device = "userdata_gsi",
+            .mount_point = "/data",
+            .fs_type = "ext4",
+            .flags = kFlags,
+            .reserved_size = 128 * 1024 * 1024,
+    };
+    userdata.fs_mgr_flags.wait = true;
+    userdata.fs_mgr_flags.check = true;
+    userdata.fs_mgr_flags.logical = true;
+    userdata.fs_mgr_flags.quota = true;
+    userdata.fs_mgr_flags.late_mount = true;
+    fstab->emplace_back(userdata);
+}
+
+bool ReadFstabFromFile(const std::string& path, Fstab* fstab) {
+    auto fstab_file = std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)>{fopen(path.c_str(), "re"), fclose};
     if (!fstab_file) {
-        PERROR << __FUNCTION__<< "(): cannot open file: '" << fstab_path << "'";
+        PERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): cannot open file: '" << path << "'";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool is_proc_mounts = path == "/proc/mounts";
+
+    if (!fs_mgr_read_fstab_file(fstab_file.get(), is_proc_mounts, fstab)) {
+        LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): failed to load fstab from : '" << path << "'";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!is_proc_mounts && !access(android::gsi::kGsiBootedIndicatorFile, F_OK)) {
+        TransformFstabForGsi(fstab);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+struct fstab* fs_mgr_read_fstab(const char* fstab_path) {
+    Fstab fstab;
+    if (!ReadFstabFromFile(fstab_path, &fstab)) {
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    fstab = fs_mgr_read_fstab_file(fstab_file, !strcmp("/proc/mounts", fstab_path));
-    if (!fstab) {
-        LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): failed to load fstab from : '" << fstab_path << "'";
-    }
-
-    fclose(fstab_file);
-    return fstab;
+    return FstabToLegacyFstab(fstab);
 }
 
-/* Returns fstab entries parsed from the device tree if they
- * exist
- */
-struct fstab *fs_mgr_read_fstab_dt()
-{
+// Returns fstab entries parsed from the device tree if they exist
+bool ReadFstabFromDt(Fstab* fstab) {
     std::string fstab_buf = read_fstab_from_dt();
     if (fstab_buf.empty()) {
         LINFO << __FUNCTION__ << "(): failed to read fstab from dt";
-        return nullptr;
+        return false;
     }
 
     std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)> fstab_file(
@@ -764,16 +731,25 @@
                  fstab_buf.length(), "r"), fclose);
     if (!fstab_file) {
         PERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): failed to create a file stream for fstab dt";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!fs_mgr_read_fstab_file(fstab_file.get(), false, fstab)) {
+        LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): failed to load fstab from kernel:"
+               << std::endl << fstab_buf;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+struct fstab* fs_mgr_read_fstab_dt() {
+    Fstab fstab;
+    if (!ReadFstabFromDt(&fstab)) {
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    struct fstab* fstab = fs_mgr_read_fstab_file(fstab_file.get(), false);
-    if (!fstab) {
-        LERROR << __FUNCTION__ << "(): failed to load fstab from kernel:"
-               << std::endl << fstab_buf;
-    }
-
-    return fstab;
+    return FstabToLegacyFstab(fstab);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -799,32 +775,42 @@
     return std::string();
 }
 
-/*
- * loads the fstab file and combines with fstab entries passed in from device tree.
- */
-struct fstab *fs_mgr_read_fstab_default()
-{
-    std::string default_fstab;
+// Loads the fstab file and combines with fstab entries passed in from device tree.
+bool ReadDefaultFstab(Fstab* fstab) {
+    Fstab dt_fstab;
+    ReadFstabFromDt(&dt_fstab);
 
+    *fstab = std::move(dt_fstab);
+
+    std::string default_fstab_path;
     // Use different fstab paths for normal boot and recovery boot, respectively
     if (access("/system/bin/recovery", F_OK) == 0) {
-        default_fstab = "/etc/recovery.fstab";
+        default_fstab_path = "/etc/recovery.fstab";
     } else {  // normal boot
-        default_fstab = get_fstab_path();
+        default_fstab_path = get_fstab_path();
     }
 
-    struct fstab* fstab = nullptr;
-    if (!default_fstab.empty()) {
-        fstab = fs_mgr_read_fstab(default_fstab.c_str());
+    Fstab default_fstab;
+    if (!default_fstab_path.empty()) {
+        ReadFstabFromFile(default_fstab_path, &default_fstab);
     } else {
         LINFO << __FUNCTION__ << "(): failed to find device default fstab";
     }
 
-    struct fstab* fstab_dt = fs_mgr_read_fstab_dt();
+    for (auto&& entry : default_fstab) {
+        fstab->emplace_back(std::move(entry));
+    }
 
-    // combines fstab entries passed in from device tree with
-    // the ones found from default_fstab file
-    return in_place_merge(fstab_dt, fstab);
+    return !fstab->empty();
+}
+
+struct fstab* fs_mgr_read_fstab_default() {
+    Fstab fstab;
+    if (!ReadDefaultFstab(&fstab)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return FstabToLegacyFstab(fstab);
 }
 
 void fs_mgr_free_fstab(struct fstab *fstab)
@@ -846,6 +832,8 @@
         free(fstab->recs[i].key_dir);
         free(fstab->recs[i].label);
         free(fstab->recs[i].sysfs_path);
+        free(fstab->recs[i].zram_loopback_path);
+        free(fstab->recs[i].zram_backing_dev_path);
     }
 
     /* Free the fstab_recs array created by calloc(3) */
@@ -901,20 +889,99 @@
 }
 
 std::set<std::string> fs_mgr_get_boot_devices() {
-    // boot_devices can be specified in device tree.
-    std::string dt_value;
-    std::string file_name = get_android_dt_dir() + "/boot_devices";
-    if (read_dt_file(file_name, &dt_value)) {
-        auto boot_devices = android::base::Split(dt_value, ",");
+    // First check the kernel commandline, then try the device tree otherwise
+    std::string dt_file_name = get_android_dt_dir() + "/boot_devices";
+    std::string value;
+    if (fs_mgr_get_boot_config_from_kernel_cmdline("boot_devices", &value) ||
+        read_dt_file(dt_file_name, &value)) {
+        auto boot_devices = Split(value, ",");
         return std::set<std::string>(boot_devices.begin(), boot_devices.end());
     }
 
     // Fallback to extract boot devices from fstab.
-    std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
-                                                               fs_mgr_free_fstab);
-    if (fstab) return extract_boot_devices(*fstab);
+    Fstab fstab;
+    if (!ReadDefaultFstab(&fstab)) {
+        return {};
+    }
 
-    return {};
+    return extract_boot_devices(fstab);
+}
+
+FstabEntry FstabRecToFstabEntry(const fstab_rec* fstab_rec) {
+    FstabEntry entry;
+    entry.blk_device = fstab_rec->blk_device;
+    entry.logical_partition_name = fstab_rec->logical_partition_name;
+    entry.mount_point = fstab_rec->mount_point;
+    entry.fs_type = fstab_rec->fs_type;
+    entry.flags = fstab_rec->flags;
+    entry.fs_options = fstab_rec->fs_options;
+    entry.fs_mgr_flags.val = fstab_rec->fs_mgr_flags;
+    entry.key_loc = fstab_rec->key_loc;
+    entry.key_dir = fstab_rec->key_dir;
+    entry.verity_loc = fstab_rec->verity_loc;
+    entry.length = fstab_rec->length;
+    entry.label = fstab_rec->label;
+    entry.partnum = fstab_rec->partnum;
+    entry.swap_prio = fstab_rec->swap_prio;
+    entry.max_comp_streams = fstab_rec->max_comp_streams;
+    entry.zram_size = fstab_rec->zram_size;
+    entry.reserved_size = fstab_rec->reserved_size;
+    entry.file_contents_mode = fstab_rec->file_contents_mode;
+    entry.file_names_mode = fstab_rec->file_names_mode;
+    entry.erase_blk_size = fstab_rec->erase_blk_size;
+    entry.logical_blk_size = fstab_rec->logical_blk_size;
+    entry.sysfs_path = fstab_rec->sysfs_path;
+    entry.zram_loopback_path = fstab_rec->zram_loopback_path;
+    entry.zram_loopback_size = fstab_rec->zram_loopback_size;
+    entry.zram_backing_dev_path = fstab_rec->zram_backing_dev_path;
+
+    return entry;
+}
+
+Fstab LegacyFstabToFstab(const struct fstab* legacy_fstab) {
+    Fstab fstab;
+    for (int i = 0; i < legacy_fstab->num_entries; i++) {
+        fstab.emplace_back(FstabRecToFstabEntry(&legacy_fstab->recs[i]));
+    }
+
+    return fstab;
+}
+
+fstab* FstabToLegacyFstab(const Fstab& fstab) {
+    struct fstab* legacy_fstab = static_cast<struct fstab*>(calloc(1, sizeof(struct fstab)));
+    legacy_fstab->num_entries = fstab.size();
+    legacy_fstab->recs =
+            static_cast<fstab_rec*>(calloc(legacy_fstab->num_entries, sizeof(fstab_rec)));
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < legacy_fstab->num_entries; i++) {
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].blk_device = strdup(fstab[i].blk_device.c_str());
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].logical_partition_name =
+                strdup(fstab[i].logical_partition_name.c_str());
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].mount_point = strdup(fstab[i].mount_point.c_str());
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].fs_type = strdup(fstab[i].fs_type.c_str());
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].flags = fstab[i].flags;
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].fs_options = strdup(fstab[i].fs_options.c_str());
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags = fstab[i].fs_mgr_flags.val;
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].key_loc = strdup(fstab[i].key_loc.c_str());
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].key_dir = strdup(fstab[i].key_dir.c_str());
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].verity_loc = strdup(fstab[i].verity_loc.c_str());
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].length = fstab[i].length;
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].label = strdup(fstab[i].label.c_str());
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].partnum = fstab[i].partnum;
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].swap_prio = fstab[i].swap_prio;
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].max_comp_streams = fstab[i].max_comp_streams;
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].zram_size = fstab[i].zram_size;
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].reserved_size = fstab[i].reserved_size;
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].file_contents_mode = fstab[i].file_contents_mode;
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].file_names_mode = fstab[i].file_names_mode;
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].erase_blk_size = fstab[i].erase_blk_size;
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].logical_blk_size = fstab[i].logical_blk_size;
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].sysfs_path = strdup(fstab[i].sysfs_path.c_str());
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].zram_loopback_path = strdup(fstab[i].zram_loopback_path.c_str());
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].zram_loopback_size = fstab[i].zram_loopback_size;
+        legacy_fstab->recs[i].zram_backing_dev_path = strdup(fstab[i].zram_backing_dev_path.c_str());
+    }
+    return legacy_fstab;
 }
 
 int fs_mgr_is_voldmanaged(const struct fstab_rec *fstab)
@@ -988,6 +1055,10 @@
     return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_NOFAIL;
 }
 
+int fs_mgr_is_first_stage_mount(const struct fstab_rec* fstab) {
+    return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_FIRST_STAGE_MOUNT;
+}
+
 int fs_mgr_is_latemount(const struct fstab_rec* fstab) {
     return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_LATEMOUNT;
 }
@@ -1004,3 +1075,33 @@
 int fs_mgr_is_logical(const struct fstab_rec* fstab) {
     return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_LOGICAL;
 }
+
+int fs_mgr_is_checkpoint(const struct fstab_rec* fstab) {
+    return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & (MF_CHECKPOINT_FS | MF_CHECKPOINT_BLK);
+}
+
+int fs_mgr_is_checkpoint_fs(const struct fstab_rec* fstab) {
+    return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_CHECKPOINT_FS;
+}
+
+int fs_mgr_is_checkpoint_blk(const struct fstab_rec* fstab) {
+    return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_CHECKPOINT_BLK;
+}
+
+int fs_mgr_is_fs_verity(const struct fstab_rec* fstab) {
+    return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_FS_VERITY;
+}
+
+FstabEntry BuildGsiSystemFstabEntry() {
+    FstabEntry system = {
+            .blk_device = "system_gsi",
+            .mount_point = "/system",
+            .fs_type = "ext4",
+            .flags = MS_RDONLY,
+            .fs_options = "barrier=1",
+    };
+    system.fs_mgr_flags.wait = true;
+    system.fs_mgr_flags.logical = true;
+    system.fs_mgr_flags.first_stage_mount = true;
+    return system;
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp
index 720dcfd..3908683 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp
@@ -20,15 +20,18 @@
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
 #include <sys/param.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/statvfs.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
 #include <sys/vfs.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
@@ -40,19 +43,42 @@
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4_utils.h>
+#include <fs_mgr.h>
+#include <fs_mgr_dm_linear.h>
 #include <fs_mgr_overlayfs.h>
 #include <fstab/fstab.h>
+#include <libdm/dm.h>
+#include <libgsi/libgsi.h>
+#include <liblp/builder.h>
+#include <liblp/liblp.h>
 
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
 
 using namespace std::literals;
+using namespace android::dm;
+using namespace android::fs_mgr;
+
+namespace {
+
+bool fs_mgr_access(const std::string& path) {
+    auto save_errno = errno;
+    auto ret = access(path.c_str(), F_OK) == 0;
+    errno = save_errno;
+    return ret;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
 
 #if ALLOW_ADBD_DISABLE_VERITY == 0  // If we are a user build, provide stubs
 
-bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all() {
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all(Fstab*) {
     return false;
 }
 
+std::vector<std::string> fs_mgr_overlayfs_required_devices(Fstab*) {
+    return {};
+}
+
 bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_setup(const char*, const char*, bool* change) {
     if (change) *change = false;
     return false;
@@ -63,12 +89,18 @@
     return false;
 }
 
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_is_setup() {
+    return false;
+}
+
 #else  // ALLOW_ADBD_DISABLE_VERITY == 0
 
 namespace {
 
-// acceptable overlayfs backing storage
-const auto kOverlayMountPoint = "/cache"s;
+// list of acceptable overlayfs backing storage
+const auto kScratchMountPoint = "/mnt/scratch"s;
+const auto kCacheMountPoint = "/cache"s;
+const std::vector<const std::string> kOverlayMountPoints = {kScratchMountPoint, kCacheMountPoint};
 
 // Return true if everything is mounted, but before adb is started.  Right
 // after 'trigger load_persist_props_action' is done.
@@ -90,142 +122,36 @@
     return ret | !rmdir(test_directory.c_str());
 }
 
-std::string fs_mgr_get_context(const std::string& mount_point) {
-    char* ctx = nullptr;
-    auto len = getfilecon(mount_point.c_str(), &ctx);
-    if ((len > 0) && ctx) {
-        std::string context(ctx, len);
-        free(ctx);
-        return context;
-    }
-    return "";
-}
-
 // At less than 1% free space return value of false,
 // means we will try to wrap with overlayfs.
-bool fs_mgr_filesystem_has_space(const char* mount_point) {
+bool fs_mgr_filesystem_has_space(const std::string& mount_point) {
     // If we have access issues to find out space remaining, return true
     // to prevent us trying to override with overlayfs.
     struct statvfs vst;
-    if (statvfs(mount_point, &vst)) return true;
+    if (statvfs(mount_point.c_str(), &vst)) return true;
 
-    static constexpr int percent = 1;  // 1%
+    static constexpr int kPercentThreshold = 1;  // 1%
 
-    return (vst.f_bfree >= (vst.f_blocks * percent / 100));
+    return (vst.f_bfree >= (vst.f_blocks * kPercentThreshold / 100));
 }
 
-bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_enabled(const struct fstab_rec* fsrec) {
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_enabled(FstabEntry* entry) {
     // readonly filesystem, can not be mount -o remount,rw
-    // if squashfs or if free space is (near) zero making such a remount
+    // for squashfs, erofs or if free space is (near) zero making such a remount
     // virtually useless, or if there are shared blocks that prevent remount,rw
-    return ("squashfs"s == fsrec->fs_type) ||
-           fs_mgr_has_shared_blocks(fsrec->mount_point, fsrec->blk_device) ||
-           !fs_mgr_filesystem_has_space(fsrec->mount_point);
-}
-
-constexpr char upper_name[] = "upper";
-constexpr char work_name[] = "work";
-
-std::string fs_mgr_get_overlayfs_candidate(const std::string& mount_point) {
-    if (!fs_mgr_is_dir(mount_point)) return "";
-    auto dir = kOverlayMountPoint + "/overlay/" + android::base::Basename(mount_point) + "/";
-    auto upper = dir + upper_name;
-    if (!fs_mgr_is_dir(upper)) return "";
-    auto work = dir + work_name;
-    if (!fs_mgr_is_dir(work)) return "";
-    if (!fs_mgr_dir_is_writable(work)) return "";
-    return dir;
-}
-
-constexpr char lowerdir_option[] = "lowerdir=";
-constexpr char upperdir_option[] = "upperdir=";
-
-// default options for mount_point, returns empty string for none available.
-std::string fs_mgr_get_overlayfs_options(const std::string& mount_point) {
-    auto candidate = fs_mgr_get_overlayfs_candidate(mount_point);
-    if (candidate.empty()) return "";
-
-    auto context = fs_mgr_get_context(mount_point);
-    if (!context.empty()) context = ",rootcontext="s + context;
-    return "override_creds=off,"s + lowerdir_option + mount_point + "," + upperdir_option +
-           candidate + upper_name + ",workdir=" + candidate + work_name + context;
-}
-
-bool fs_mgr_system_root_image(const fstab* fstab) {
-    if (!fstab) {  // can not happen?
-        // This will return empty on init first_stage_mount,
-        // hence why we prefer checking the fstab instead.
-        return android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.build.system_root_image", false);
+    if (!fs_mgr_filesystem_has_space(entry->mount_point)) {
+        return true;
     }
-    for (auto i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; i++) {
-        const auto fsrec = &fstab->recs[i];
-        auto fsrec_mount_point = fsrec->mount_point;
-        if (!fsrec_mount_point) continue;
-        if ("/system"s == fsrec_mount_point) return false;
+    if (entry->fs_mgr_flags.logical) {
+        fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(entry);
     }
-    return true;
+    auto save_errno = errno;
+    auto has_shared_blocks = fs_mgr_has_shared_blocks(entry->mount_point, entry->blk_device);
+    errno = save_errno;
+    return has_shared_blocks;
 }
 
-const char* fs_mgr_mount_point(const fstab* fstab, const char* mount_point) {
-    if (!mount_point) return mount_point;
-    if ("/"s != mount_point) return mount_point;
-    if (!fs_mgr_system_root_image(fstab)) return mount_point;
-    return "/system";
-}
-
-// return true if system supports overlayfs
-bool fs_mgr_wants_overlayfs() {
-    // This will return empty on init first_stage_mount, so speculative
-    // determination, empty (unset) _or_ "1" is true which differs from the
-    // official ro.debuggable policy.  ALLOW_ADBD_DISABLE_VERITY == 0 should
-    // protect us from false in any case, so this is insurance.
-    auto debuggable = android::base::GetProperty("ro.debuggable", "1");
-    if (debuggable != "1") return false;
-
-    // Overlayfs available in the kernel, and patched for override_creds?
-    static signed char overlayfs_in_kernel = -1;  // cache for constant condition
-    if (overlayfs_in_kernel == -1) {
-        auto save_errno = errno;
-        overlayfs_in_kernel = !access("/sys/module/overlay/parameters/override_creds", F_OK);
-        errno = save_errno;
-    }
-    return overlayfs_in_kernel;
-}
-
-bool fs_mgr_wants_overlayfs(const fstab_rec* fsrec) {
-    if (!fsrec) return false;
-
-    auto fsrec_mount_point = fsrec->mount_point;
-    if (!fsrec_mount_point || !fsrec_mount_point[0]) return false;
-    if (!fsrec->blk_device) return false;
-
-    if (!fsrec->fs_type) return false;
-
-    // Don't check entries that are managed by vold.
-    if (fsrec->fs_mgr_flags & (MF_VOLDMANAGED | MF_RECOVERYONLY)) return false;
-
-    // Only concerned with readonly partitions.
-    if (!(fsrec->flags & MS_RDONLY)) return false;
-
-    // If unbindable, do not allow overlayfs as this could expose us to
-    // security issues.  On Android, this could also be used to turn off
-    // the ability to overlay an otherwise acceptable filesystem since
-    // /system and /vendor are never bound(sic) to.
-    if (fsrec->flags & MS_UNBINDABLE) return false;
-
-    if (!fs_mgr_overlayfs_enabled(fsrec)) return false;
-
-    // Verity enabled?
-    const auto basename_mount_point(android::base::Basename(fsrec_mount_point));
-    auto found = false;
-    fs_mgr_update_verity_state(
-            [&basename_mount_point, &found](fstab_rec*, const char* mount_point, int, int) {
-                if (mount_point && (basename_mount_point == mount_point)) found = true;
-            });
-    return !found;
-}
-
-bool fs_mgr_rm_all(const std::string& path, bool* change = nullptr) {
+bool fs_mgr_rm_all(const std::string& path, bool* change = nullptr, int level = 0) {
     auto save_errno = errno;
     std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> dir(opendir(path.c_str()), closedir);
     if (!dir) {
@@ -233,7 +159,11 @@
             errno = save_errno;
             return true;
         }
-        PERROR << "overlayfs open " << path;
+        PERROR << "opendir " << path << " depth=" << level;
+        if ((errno == EPERM) && (level != 0)) {
+            errno = save_errno;
+            return true;
+        }
         return false;
     }
     dirent* entry;
@@ -243,55 +173,176 @@
         auto file = path + "/" + entry->d_name;
         if (entry->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
             struct stat st;
+            save_errno = errno;
             if (!lstat(file.c_str(), &st) && (st.st_mode & S_IFDIR)) entry->d_type = DT_DIR;
+            errno = save_errno;
         }
         if (entry->d_type == DT_DIR) {
-            ret &= fs_mgr_rm_all(file, change);
+            ret &= fs_mgr_rm_all(file, change, level + 1);
             if (!rmdir(file.c_str())) {
                 if (change) *change = true;
             } else {
-                ret = false;
-                PERROR << "overlayfs rmdir " << file;
+                if (errno != ENOENT) ret = false;
+                PERROR << "rmdir " << file << " depth=" << level;
             }
             continue;
         }
         if (!unlink(file.c_str())) {
             if (change) *change = true;
         } else {
-            ret = false;
-            PERROR << "overlayfs rm " << file;
+            if (errno != ENOENT) ret = false;
+            PERROR << "rm " << file << " depth=" << level;
         }
     }
     return ret;
 }
 
-constexpr char overlayfs_file_context[] = "u:object_r:overlayfs_file:s0";
+const auto kUpperName = "upper"s;
+const auto kWorkName = "work"s;
+const auto kOverlayTopDir = "/overlay"s;
+
+std::string fs_mgr_get_overlayfs_candidate(const std::string& mount_point) {
+    if (!fs_mgr_is_dir(mount_point)) return "";
+    const auto base = android::base::Basename(mount_point) + "/";
+    for (const auto& overlay_mount_point : kOverlayMountPoints) {
+        auto dir = overlay_mount_point + kOverlayTopDir + "/" + base;
+        auto upper = dir + kUpperName;
+        if (!fs_mgr_is_dir(upper)) continue;
+        auto work = dir + kWorkName;
+        if (!fs_mgr_is_dir(work)) continue;
+        if (!fs_mgr_dir_is_writable(work)) continue;
+        return dir;
+    }
+    return "";
+}
+
+const auto kLowerdirOption = "lowerdir="s;
+const auto kUpperdirOption = "upperdir="s;
+
+// default options for mount_point, returns empty string for none available.
+std::string fs_mgr_get_overlayfs_options(const std::string& mount_point) {
+    auto candidate = fs_mgr_get_overlayfs_candidate(mount_point);
+    if (candidate.empty()) return "";
+    auto ret = kLowerdirOption + mount_point + "," + kUpperdirOption + candidate + kUpperName +
+               ",workdir=" + candidate + kWorkName;
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid() == OverlayfsValidResult::kOverrideCredsRequired) {
+        ret += ",override_creds=off";
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+const char* fs_mgr_mount_point(const char* mount_point) {
+    if (!mount_point) return mount_point;
+    if ("/"s != mount_point) return mount_point;
+    return "/system";
+}
+
+bool fs_mgr_rw_access(const std::string& path) {
+    if (path.empty()) return false;
+    auto save_errno = errno;
+    auto ret = access(path.c_str(), R_OK | W_OK) == 0;
+    errno = save_errno;
+    return ret;
+}
+
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_already_mounted(const std::string& mount_point, bool overlay_only = true) {
+    Fstab fstab;
+    if (!ReadFstabFromFile("/proc/mounts", &fstab)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const auto lowerdir = kLowerdirOption + mount_point;
+    for (const auto& entry : fstab) {
+        if (overlay_only && "overlay" != entry.fs_type && "overlayfs" != entry.fs_type) continue;
+        if (mount_point != entry.mount_point) continue;
+        if (!overlay_only) return true;
+        const auto options = android::base::Split(entry.fs_options, ",");
+        for (const auto& opt : options) {
+            if (opt == lowerdir) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> fs_mgr_overlayfs_verity_enabled_list() {
+    std::vector<std::string> ret;
+    auto save_errno = errno;
+    fs_mgr_update_verity_state(
+            [&ret](const std::string& mount_point, int) { ret.emplace_back(mount_point); });
+    if ((errno == ENOENT) || (errno == ENXIO)) errno = save_errno;
+    return ret;
+}
+
+bool fs_mgr_wants_overlayfs(FstabEntry* entry) {
+    // Don't check entries that are managed by vold.
+    if (entry->fs_mgr_flags.vold_managed || entry->fs_mgr_flags.recovery_only) return false;
+
+    // *_other doesn't want overlayfs.
+    if (entry->fs_mgr_flags.slot_select_other) return false;
+
+    // Only concerned with readonly partitions.
+    if (!(entry->flags & MS_RDONLY)) return false;
+
+    // If unbindable, do not allow overlayfs as this could expose us to
+    // security issues.  On Android, this could also be used to turn off
+    // the ability to overlay an otherwise acceptable filesystem since
+    // /system and /vendor are never bound(sic) to.
+    if (entry->flags & MS_UNBINDABLE) return false;
+
+    if (!fs_mgr_overlayfs_enabled(entry)) return false;
+
+    return true;
+}
+constexpr char kOverlayfsFileContext[] = "u:object_r:overlayfs_file:s0";
+
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_setup_dir(const std::string& dir, std::string* overlay, bool* change) {
+    auto ret = true;
+    auto top = dir + kOverlayTopDir;
+    if (setfscreatecon(kOverlayfsFileContext)) {
+        ret = false;
+        PERROR << "setfscreatecon " << kOverlayfsFileContext;
+    }
+    auto save_errno = errno;
+    if (!mkdir(top.c_str(), 0755)) {
+        if (change) *change = true;
+    } else if (errno != EEXIST) {
+        ret = false;
+        PERROR << "mkdir " << top;
+    } else {
+        errno = save_errno;
+    }
+    setfscreatecon(nullptr);
+
+    if (overlay) *overlay = std::move(top);
+    return ret;
+}
 
 bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_setup_one(const std::string& overlay, const std::string& mount_point,
                                 bool* change) {
     auto ret = true;
-    auto fsrec_mount_point = overlay + android::base::Basename(mount_point) + "/";
+    auto fsrec_mount_point = overlay + "/" + android::base::Basename(mount_point) + "/";
 
-    if (setfscreatecon(overlayfs_file_context)) {
+    if (setfscreatecon(kOverlayfsFileContext)) {
         ret = false;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs setfscreatecon " << overlayfs_file_context;
+        PERROR << "setfscreatecon " << kOverlayfsFileContext;
     }
     auto save_errno = errno;
     if (!mkdir(fsrec_mount_point.c_str(), 0755)) {
         if (change) *change = true;
     } else if (errno != EEXIST) {
         ret = false;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs mkdir " << fsrec_mount_point;
+        PERROR << "mkdir " << fsrec_mount_point;
     } else {
         errno = save_errno;
     }
 
     save_errno = errno;
-    if (!mkdir((fsrec_mount_point + work_name).c_str(), 0755)) {
+    if (!mkdir((fsrec_mount_point + kWorkName).c_str(), 0755)) {
         if (change) *change = true;
     } else if (errno != EEXIST) {
         ret = false;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs mkdir " << fsrec_mount_point << work_name;
+        PERROR << "mkdir " << fsrec_mount_point << kWorkName;
     } else {
         errno = save_errno;
     }
@@ -300,15 +351,15 @@
     auto new_context = fs_mgr_get_context(mount_point);
     if (!new_context.empty() && setfscreatecon(new_context.c_str())) {
         ret = false;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs setfscreatecon " << new_context;
+        PERROR << "setfscreatecon " << new_context;
     }
-    auto upper = fsrec_mount_point + upper_name;
+    auto upper = fsrec_mount_point + kUpperName;
     save_errno = errno;
     if (!mkdir(upper.c_str(), 0755)) {
         if (change) *change = true;
     } else if (errno != EEXIST) {
         ret = false;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs mkdir " << upper;
+        PERROR << "mkdir " << upper;
     } else {
         errno = save_errno;
     }
@@ -317,6 +368,139 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
+uint32_t fs_mgr_overlayfs_slot_number() {
+    return SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix());
+}
+
+const auto kPhysicalDevice = "/dev/block/by-name/"s;
+
+std::string fs_mgr_overlayfs_super_device(uint32_t slot_number) {
+    return kPhysicalDevice + fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(slot_number);
+}
+
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_has_logical(const Fstab& fstab) {
+    for (const auto& entry : fstab) {
+        if (entry.fs_mgr_flags.logical) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void fs_mgr_overlayfs_umount_scratch() {
+    // Lazy umount will allow us to move on and possibly later
+    // establish a new fresh mount without requiring a reboot should
+    // the developer wish to restart.  Old references should melt
+    // away or have no data.  Main goal is to shut the door on the
+    // current overrides with an expectation of a subsequent reboot,
+    // thus any errors here are ignored.
+    umount2(kScratchMountPoint.c_str(), MNT_DETACH);
+    LINFO << "umount(" << kScratchMountPoint << ")";
+    rmdir(kScratchMountPoint.c_str());
+}
+
+// reduce 'DM_DEV_STATUS failed for scratch: No such device or address' noise
+std::string scratch_device_cache;
+
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_teardown_scratch(const std::string& overlay, bool* change) {
+    // umount and delete kScratchMountPoint storage if we have logical partitions
+    if (overlay != kScratchMountPoint) return true;
+    scratch_device_cache.erase();
+    auto slot_number = fs_mgr_overlayfs_slot_number();
+    auto super_device = fs_mgr_overlayfs_super_device(slot_number);
+    if (!fs_mgr_rw_access(super_device)) return true;
+
+    auto save_errno = errno;
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_already_mounted(kScratchMountPoint, false)) {
+        fs_mgr_overlayfs_umount_scratch();
+    }
+    auto builder = MetadataBuilder::New(super_device, slot_number);
+    if (!builder) {
+        errno = save_errno;
+        return true;
+    }
+    const auto partition_name = android::base::Basename(kScratchMountPoint);
+    if (builder->FindPartition(partition_name) == nullptr) {
+        errno = save_errno;
+        return true;
+    }
+    builder->RemovePartition(partition_name);
+    auto metadata = builder->Export();
+    if (metadata && UpdatePartitionTable(super_device, *metadata.get(), slot_number)) {
+        if (change) *change = true;
+        if (!DestroyLogicalPartition(partition_name, 0s)) return false;
+    } else {
+        LERROR << "delete partition " << overlay;
+        return false;
+    }
+    errno = save_errno;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_teardown_one(const std::string& overlay, const std::string& mount_point,
+                                   bool* change) {
+    const auto top = overlay + kOverlayTopDir;
+
+    if (!fs_mgr_access(top)) return fs_mgr_overlayfs_teardown_scratch(overlay, change);
+
+    auto cleanup_all = mount_point.empty();
+    const auto partition_name = android::base::Basename(mount_point);
+    const auto oldpath = top + (cleanup_all ? "" : ("/" + partition_name));
+    const auto newpath = cleanup_all ? overlay + "/." + kOverlayTopDir.substr(1) + ".teardown"
+                                     : top + "/." + partition_name + ".teardown";
+    auto ret = fs_mgr_rm_all(newpath);
+    auto save_errno = errno;
+    if (!rename(oldpath.c_str(), newpath.c_str())) {
+        if (change) *change = true;
+    } else if (errno != ENOENT) {
+        ret = false;
+        PERROR << "mv " << oldpath << " " << newpath;
+    } else {
+        errno = save_errno;
+    }
+    ret &= fs_mgr_rm_all(newpath, change);
+    save_errno = errno;
+    if (!rmdir(newpath.c_str())) {
+        if (change) *change = true;
+    } else if (errno != ENOENT) {
+        ret = false;
+        PERROR << "rmdir " << newpath;
+    } else {
+        errno = save_errno;
+    }
+    if (!cleanup_all) {
+        save_errno = errno;
+        if (!rmdir(top.c_str())) {
+            if (change) *change = true;
+            cleanup_all = true;
+        } else if (errno == ENOTEMPTY) {
+            cleanup_all = true;
+            // cleanup all if the content is all hidden (leading .)
+            std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> dir(opendir(top.c_str()), closedir);
+            if (!dir) {
+                PERROR << "opendir " << top;
+            } else {
+                dirent* entry;
+                while ((entry = readdir(dir.get()))) {
+                    if (entry->d_name[0] != '.') {
+                        cleanup_all = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            errno = save_errno;
+        } else if (errno == ENOENT) {
+            cleanup_all = true;
+            errno = save_errno;
+        } else {
+            ret = false;
+            PERROR << "rmdir " << top;
+        }
+    }
+    if (cleanup_all) ret &= fs_mgr_overlayfs_teardown_scratch(overlay, change);
+    return ret;
+}
+
 bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount(const std::string& mount_point) {
     auto options = fs_mgr_get_overlayfs_options(mount_point);
     if (options.empty()) return false;
@@ -324,8 +508,8 @@
     // hijack __mount() report format to help triage
     auto report = "__mount(source=overlay,target="s + mount_point + ",type=overlay";
     const auto opt_list = android::base::Split(options, ",");
-    for (const auto opt : opt_list) {
-        if (android::base::StartsWith(opt, upperdir_option)) {
+    for (const auto& opt : opt_list) {
+        if (android::base::StartsWith(opt, kUpperdirOption)) {
             report = report + "," + opt;
             break;
         }
@@ -343,41 +527,17 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_already_mounted(const std::string& mount_point) {
-    std::unique_ptr<struct fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(
-            fs_mgr_read_fstab("/proc/mounts"), fs_mgr_free_fstab);
-    if (!fstab) return false;
-    const auto lowerdir = std::string(lowerdir_option) + mount_point;
-    for (auto i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; ++i) {
-        const auto fsrec = &fstab->recs[i];
-        const auto fs_type = fsrec->fs_type;
-        if (!fs_type) continue;
-        if (("overlay"s != fs_type) && ("overlayfs"s != fs_type)) continue;
-        auto fsrec_mount_point = fsrec->mount_point;
-        if (!fsrec_mount_point) continue;
-        if (mount_point != fsrec_mount_point) continue;
-        const auto fs_options = fsrec->fs_options;
-        if (!fs_options) continue;
-        const auto options = android::base::Split(fs_options, ",");
-        for (const auto opt : options) {
-            if (opt == lowerdir) {
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-std::vector<std::string> fs_mgr_candidate_list(const fstab* fstab,
-                                               const char* mount_point = nullptr) {
+std::vector<std::string> fs_mgr_candidate_list(Fstab* fstab, const char* mount_point = nullptr) {
     std::vector<std::string> mounts;
-    if (!fstab) return mounts;
-
-    for (auto i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; i++) {
-        const auto fsrec = &fstab->recs[i];
-        if (!fs_mgr_wants_overlayfs(fsrec)) continue;
-        std::string new_mount_point(fs_mgr_mount_point(fstab, fsrec->mount_point));
+    auto verity = fs_mgr_overlayfs_verity_enabled_list();
+    for (auto& entry : *fstab) {
+        if (!fs_mgr_wants_overlayfs(&entry)) continue;
+        std::string new_mount_point(fs_mgr_mount_point(entry.mount_point.c_str()));
         if (mount_point && (new_mount_point != mount_point)) continue;
+        if (std::find(verity.begin(), verity.end(), android::base::Basename(new_mount_point)) !=
+            verity.end()) {
+            continue;
+        }
         auto duplicate_or_more_specific = false;
         for (auto it = mounts.begin(); it != mounts.end();) {
             if ((*it == new_mount_point) ||
@@ -393,65 +553,358 @@
         }
         if (!duplicate_or_more_specific) mounts.emplace_back(new_mount_point);
     }
+
+    // if not itemized /system or /, system as root, fake one up?
+
+    // do we want or need to?
+    if (mount_point && ("/system"s != mount_point)) return mounts;
+    if (std::find(mounts.begin(), mounts.end(), "/system") != mounts.end()) return mounts;
+
+    // fs_mgr_overlayfs_verity_enabled_list says not to?
+    if (std::find(verity.begin(), verity.end(), "system") != verity.end()) return mounts;
+
+    // confirm that fstab is missing system
+    if (std::find_if(fstab->begin(), fstab->end(), [](const auto& entry) {
+            return entry.mount_point == "/" || entry.mount_point == "/system ";
+        }) != fstab->end()) {
+        return mounts;
+    }
+
+    // We have a stunted fstab (w/o system or / ) passed in by the caller,
+    // verity claims are assumed accurate because they are collected internally
+    // from fs_mgr_fstab_default() from within fs_mgr_update_verity_state(),
+    // Can (re)evaluate /system with impunity since we know it is ever-present.
+    mounts.emplace_back("/system");
     return mounts;
 }
 
+// Mount kScratchMountPoint
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_scratch(const std::string& device_path, const std::string mnt_type,
+                                    bool readonly = false) {
+    if (readonly) {
+        if (!fs_mgr_access(device_path)) return false;
+    } else {
+        if (!fs_mgr_rw_access(device_path)) return false;
+    }
+
+    if (setfscreatecon(kOverlayfsFileContext)) {
+        PERROR << "setfscreatecon " << kOverlayfsFileContext;
+    }
+    if (mkdir(kScratchMountPoint.c_str(), 0755) && (errno != EEXIST)) {
+        PERROR << "create " << kScratchMountPoint;
+    }
+
+    FstabEntry entry;
+    entry.blk_device = device_path;
+    entry.mount_point = kScratchMountPoint;
+    entry.fs_type = mnt_type;
+    entry.flags = MS_RELATIME;
+    if (readonly) {
+        entry.flags |= MS_RDONLY;
+    } else {
+        fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(device_path, false);
+    }
+    auto save_errno = errno;
+    auto mounted = fs_mgr_do_mount_one(entry) == 0;
+    if (!mounted) {
+        if (mnt_type == "f2fs") {
+            entry.fs_type = "ext4";
+        } else {
+            entry.fs_type = "f2fs";
+        }
+        mounted = fs_mgr_do_mount_one(entry) == 0;
+        if (!mounted) save_errno = errno;
+    }
+    setfscreatecon(nullptr);
+    if (!mounted) rmdir(kScratchMountPoint.c_str());
+    errno = save_errno;
+    return mounted;
+}
+
+const std::string kMkF2fs("/system/bin/make_f2fs");
+const std::string kMkExt4("/system/bin/mke2fs");
+
+// Only a suggestion for _first_ try during mounting
+std::string fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_mount_type() {
+    if (!access(kMkF2fs.c_str(), X_OK)) return "f2fs";
+    if (!access(kMkExt4.c_str(), X_OK)) return "ext4";
+    return "auto";
+}
+
+std::string fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_device() {
+    if (!scratch_device_cache.empty()) return scratch_device_cache;
+
+    // Is this a multiple super device (retrofit)?
+    auto slot_number = fs_mgr_overlayfs_slot_number();
+    auto super_device = fs_mgr_overlayfs_super_device(slot_number);
+    auto path = fs_mgr_overlayfs_super_device(slot_number == 0);
+    if (super_device == path) {
+        // Create from within single super device;
+        auto& dm = DeviceMapper::Instance();
+        const auto partition_name = android::base::Basename(kScratchMountPoint);
+        if (!dm.GetDmDevicePathByName(partition_name, &path)) return "";
+    }
+    return scratch_device_cache = path;
+}
+
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_make_scratch(const std::string& scratch_device, const std::string& mnt_type) {
+    // Force mkfs by design for overlay support of adb remount, simplify and
+    // thus do not rely on fsck to correct problems that could creep in.
+    auto command = ""s;
+    if (mnt_type == "f2fs") {
+        command = kMkF2fs + " -w 4096 -f -d1 -l" + android::base::Basename(kScratchMountPoint);
+    } else if (mnt_type == "ext4") {
+        command = kMkExt4 + " -b 4096 -t ext4 -m 0 -O has_journal -M " + kScratchMountPoint;
+    } else {
+        errno = ESRCH;
+        LERROR << mnt_type << " has no mkfs cookbook";
+        return false;
+    }
+    command += " " + scratch_device;
+    fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(scratch_device, false);
+    auto ret = system(command.c_str());
+    if (ret) {
+        LERROR << "make " << mnt_type << " filesystem on " << scratch_device << " return=" << ret;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_create_scratch(const Fstab& fstab, std::string* scratch_device,
+                                     bool* partition_exists, bool* change) {
+    *scratch_device = fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_device();
+    *partition_exists = fs_mgr_rw_access(*scratch_device);
+    auto partition_create = !*partition_exists;
+    // Do we need to create a logical "scratch" partition?
+    if (!partition_create && android::base::StartsWith(*scratch_device, kPhysicalDevice)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    auto slot_number = fs_mgr_overlayfs_slot_number();
+    auto super_device = fs_mgr_overlayfs_super_device(slot_number);
+    if (!fs_mgr_rw_access(super_device)) return false;
+    if (!fs_mgr_overlayfs_has_logical(fstab)) return false;
+    auto builder = MetadataBuilder::New(super_device, slot_number);
+    if (!builder) {
+        LERROR << "open " << super_device << " metadata";
+        return false;
+    }
+    const auto partition_name = android::base::Basename(kScratchMountPoint);
+    auto partition = builder->FindPartition(partition_name);
+    *partition_exists = partition != nullptr;
+    auto changed = false;
+    if (!*partition_exists) {
+        partition = builder->AddPartition(partition_name, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_NONE);
+        if (!partition) {
+            LERROR << "create " << partition_name;
+            return false;
+        }
+        changed = true;
+    }
+    // Take half of free space, minimum 512MB or maximum free - margin.
+    static constexpr auto kMinimumSize = uint64_t(512 * 1024 * 1024);
+    if (partition->size() < kMinimumSize) {
+        auto partition_size =
+                builder->AllocatableSpace() - builder->UsedSpace() + partition->size();
+        if ((partition_size > kMinimumSize) || !partition->size()) {
+            // Leave some space for free space jitter of a few erase
+            // blocks, in case they are needed for any individual updates
+            // to any other partition that needs to be flashed while
+            // overlayfs is in force.  Of course if margin_size is not
+            // enough could normally get a flash failure, so
+            // ResizePartition() will delete the scratch partition in
+            // order to fulfill.  Deleting scratch will destroy all of
+            // the adb remount overrides :-( .
+            auto margin_size = uint64_t(3 * 256 * 1024);
+            BlockDeviceInfo info;
+            if (builder->GetBlockDeviceInfo(partition_name, &info)) {
+                margin_size = 3 * info.logical_block_size;
+            }
+            partition_size = std::max(std::min(kMinimumSize, partition_size - margin_size),
+                                      partition_size / 2);
+            if (partition_size > partition->size()) {
+                if (!builder->ResizePartition(partition, partition_size)) {
+                    LERROR << "resize " << partition_name;
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if (!partition_create) DestroyLogicalPartition(partition_name, 10s);
+                changed = true;
+                *partition_exists = false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // land the update back on to the partition
+    if (changed) {
+        auto metadata = builder->Export();
+        if (!metadata || !UpdatePartitionTable(super_device, *metadata.get(), slot_number)) {
+            LERROR << "add partition " << partition_name;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (change) *change = true;
+    }
+
+    if (changed || partition_create) {
+        if (!CreateLogicalPartition(super_device, slot_number, partition_name, true, 0s,
+                                    scratch_device))
+            return false;
+
+        if (change) *change = true;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Create and mount kScratchMountPoint storage if we have logical partitions
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_setup_scratch(const Fstab& fstab, bool* change) {
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_already_mounted(kScratchMountPoint, false)) return true;
+
+    std::string scratch_device;
+    bool partition_exists;
+    if (!fs_mgr_overlayfs_create_scratch(fstab, &scratch_device, &partition_exists, change)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // If the partition exists, assume first that it can be mounted.
+    auto mnt_type = fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_mount_type();
+    if (partition_exists) {
+        if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_scratch(scratch_device, mnt_type)) {
+            if (!fs_mgr_access(kScratchMountPoint + kOverlayTopDir) &&
+                !fs_mgr_filesystem_has_space(kScratchMountPoint)) {
+                // declare it useless, no overrides and no free space
+                fs_mgr_overlayfs_umount_scratch();
+            } else {
+                if (change) *change = true;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        // partition existed, but was not initialized; fall through to make it.
+        errno = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (!fs_mgr_overlayfs_make_scratch(scratch_device, mnt_type)) return false;
+
+    if (change) *change = true;
+
+    return fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_scratch(scratch_device, mnt_type);
+}
+
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_can_be_mounted(const std::string& scratch_device) {
+    if (scratch_device.empty()) return false;
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_already_mounted(kScratchMountPoint, false)) return false;
+    if (android::base::StartsWith(scratch_device, kPhysicalDevice)) return true;
+    if (fs_mgr_rw_access(scratch_device)) return true;
+    auto slot_number = fs_mgr_overlayfs_slot_number();
+    auto super_device = fs_mgr_overlayfs_super_device(slot_number);
+    if (!fs_mgr_rw_access(super_device)) return false;
+    auto builder = MetadataBuilder::New(super_device, slot_number);
+    if (!builder) return false;
+    return builder->FindPartition(android::base::Basename(kScratchMountPoint)) != nullptr;
+}
+
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_invalid() {
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid() == OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported) return true;
+
+    // in recovery, fastbootd, or gsi mode, not allowed!
+    if (fs_mgr_access("/system/bin/recovery")) return true;
+    if (android::gsi::IsGsiRunning()) return true;
+
+    return false;
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 
-bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all() {
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all(Fstab* fstab) {
     auto ret = false;
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_invalid()) return ret;
 
-    if (!fs_mgr_wants_overlayfs()) return ret;
-
-    std::unique_ptr<struct fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
-                                                                      fs_mgr_free_fstab);
-    if (!fstab) return ret;
-
-    for (const auto& mount_point : fs_mgr_candidate_list(fstab.get())) {
+    auto scratch_can_be_mounted = true;
+    for (const auto& mount_point : fs_mgr_candidate_list(fstab)) {
         if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_already_mounted(mount_point)) continue;
+        if (scratch_can_be_mounted) {
+            scratch_can_be_mounted = false;
+            auto scratch_device = fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_device();
+            if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_can_be_mounted(scratch_device) &&
+                fs_mgr_wait_for_file(scratch_device, 10s)) {
+                const auto mount_type = fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_mount_type();
+                if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_scratch(scratch_device, mount_type,
+                                                   true /* readonly */)) {
+                    auto has_overlayfs_dir = fs_mgr_access(kScratchMountPoint + kOverlayTopDir);
+                    fs_mgr_overlayfs_umount_scratch();
+                    if (has_overlayfs_dir)
+                        fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_scratch(scratch_device, mount_type);
+                }
+            }
+        }
         if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount(mount_point)) ret = true;
     }
     return ret;
 }
 
+std::vector<std::string> fs_mgr_overlayfs_required_devices(Fstab* fstab) {
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_invalid()) return {};
+
+    if (std::find_if(fstab->begin(), fstab->end(), [](const auto& entry) {
+            return entry.mount_point == kScratchMountPoint;
+        }) != fstab->end()) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& mount_point : fs_mgr_candidate_list(fstab)) {
+        if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_already_mounted(mount_point)) continue;
+        auto device = fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_device();
+        if (!fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_can_be_mounted(device)) break;
+        return {device};
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
 // Returns false if setup not permitted, errno set to last error.
 // If something is altered, set *change.
 bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_setup(const char* backing, const char* mount_point, bool* change) {
     if (change) *change = false;
     auto ret = false;
-    if (backing && (kOverlayMountPoint != backing)) {
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return ret;
-    }
-    if (!fs_mgr_wants_overlayfs()) return ret;
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid() == OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported) return ret;
     if (!fs_mgr_boot_completed()) {
         errno = EBUSY;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs setup";
+        PERROR << "setup";
         return ret;
     }
 
-    std::unique_ptr<struct fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
-                                                                      fs_mgr_free_fstab);
-    if (fstab && !fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(fstab.get(), kOverlayMountPoint)) return ret;
-    auto mounts = fs_mgr_candidate_list(fstab.get(), fs_mgr_mount_point(fstab.get(), mount_point));
-    if (fstab && mounts.empty()) return ret;
-
-    if (setfscreatecon(overlayfs_file_context)) {
-        PERROR << "overlayfs setfscreatecon " << overlayfs_file_context;
-    }
-    auto overlay = kOverlayMountPoint + "/overlay/";
     auto save_errno = errno;
-    if (!mkdir(overlay.c_str(), 0755)) {
-        if (change) *change = true;
-    } else if (errno != EEXIST) {
-        PERROR << "overlayfs mkdir " << overlay;
-    } else {
-        errno = save_errno;
+    Fstab fstab;
+    if (!ReadDefaultFstab(&fstab)) {
+        return false;
     }
-    setfscreatecon(nullptr);
-    if (!fstab && mount_point && fs_mgr_overlayfs_setup_one(overlay, mount_point, change)) {
-        ret = true;
+    errno = save_errno;
+    auto mounts = fs_mgr_candidate_list(&fstab, fs_mgr_mount_point(mount_point));
+    if (mounts.empty()) return ret;
+
+    std::string dir;
+    for (const auto& overlay_mount_point : kOverlayMountPoints) {
+        if (backing && backing[0] && (overlay_mount_point != backing)) continue;
+        if (overlay_mount_point == kScratchMountPoint) {
+            if (!fs_mgr_rw_access(fs_mgr_overlayfs_super_device(fs_mgr_overlayfs_slot_number())) ||
+                !fs_mgr_overlayfs_has_logical(fstab)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!fs_mgr_overlayfs_setup_scratch(fstab, change)) continue;
+        } else {
+            if (std::find_if(fstab.begin(), fstab.end(), [&overlay_mount_point](const auto& entry) {
+                    return entry.mount_point == overlay_mount_point;
+                }) == fstab.end()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        dir = overlay_mount_point;
+        break;
     }
+    if (dir.empty()) {
+        if (change && *change) errno = ESRCH;
+        if (errno == EPERM) errno = save_errno;
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    std::string overlay;
+    ret |= fs_mgr_overlayfs_setup_dir(dir, &overlay, change);
     for (const auto& fsrec_mount_point : mounts) {
         ret |= fs_mgr_overlayfs_setup_one(overlay, fsrec_mount_point, change);
     }
@@ -462,46 +915,27 @@
 // If something is altered, set *change.
 bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_teardown(const char* mount_point, bool* change) {
     if (change) *change = false;
-    mount_point = fs_mgr_mount_point(std::unique_ptr<struct fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)>(
-                                             fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(), fs_mgr_free_fstab)
-                                             .get(),
-                                     mount_point);
+    mount_point = fs_mgr_mount_point(mount_point);
     auto ret = true;
-    const auto overlay = kOverlayMountPoint + "/overlay";
-    const auto oldpath = overlay + (mount_point ?: "");
-    const auto newpath = oldpath + ".teardown";
-    ret &= fs_mgr_rm_all(newpath);
-    auto save_errno = errno;
-    if (!rename(oldpath.c_str(), newpath.c_str())) {
-        if (change) *change = true;
-    } else if (errno != ENOENT) {
-        ret = false;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs mv " << oldpath << " " << newpath;
-    } else {
-        errno = save_errno;
-    }
-    ret &= fs_mgr_rm_all(newpath, change);
-    save_errno = errno;
-    if (!rmdir(newpath.c_str())) {
-        if (change) *change = true;
-    } else if (errno != ENOENT) {
-        ret = false;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs rmdir " << newpath;
-    } else {
-        errno = save_errno;
-    }
-    if (mount_point) {
-        save_errno = errno;
-        if (!rmdir(overlay.c_str())) {
-            if (change) *change = true;
-        } else if ((errno != ENOENT) && (errno != ENOTEMPTY)) {
-            ret = false;
-            PERROR << "overlayfs rmdir " << overlay;
-        } else {
-            errno = save_errno;
+    // If scratch exists, but is not mounted, lets gain access to clean
+    // specific override entries.
+    auto mount_scratch = false;
+    if ((mount_point != nullptr) && !fs_mgr_overlayfs_already_mounted(kScratchMountPoint, false)) {
+        auto scratch_device = fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_device();
+        if (scratch_device.empty()) {
+            auto slot_number = fs_mgr_overlayfs_slot_number();
+            auto super_device = fs_mgr_overlayfs_super_device(slot_number);
+            const auto partition_name = android::base::Basename(kScratchMountPoint);
+            CreateLogicalPartition(super_device, slot_number, partition_name, true, 0s,
+                                   &scratch_device);
         }
+        mount_scratch = fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_scratch(scratch_device,
+                                                       fs_mgr_overlayfs_scratch_mount_type());
     }
-    if (!fs_mgr_wants_overlayfs()) {
+    for (const auto& overlay_mount_point : kOverlayMountPoints) {
+        ret &= fs_mgr_overlayfs_teardown_one(overlay_mount_point, mount_point ?: "", change);
+    }
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid() == OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported) {
         // After obligatory teardown to make sure everything is clean, but if
         // we didn't want overlayfs in the the first place, we do not want to
         // waste time on a reboot (or reboot request message).
@@ -511,12 +945,27 @@
     // caller that there may still be more to do.
     if (!fs_mgr_boot_completed()) {
         errno = EBUSY;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs teardown";
+        PERROR << "teardown";
         ret = false;
     }
+    if (mount_scratch) fs_mgr_overlayfs_umount_scratch();
+
     return ret;
 }
 
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_is_setup() {
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_already_mounted(kScratchMountPoint, false)) return true;
+    Fstab fstab;
+    if (!ReadDefaultFstab(&fstab)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_invalid()) return false;
+    for (const auto& mount_point : fs_mgr_candidate_list(&fstab)) {
+        if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_already_mounted(mount_point)) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 #endif  // ALLOW_ADBD_DISABLE_VERITY != 0
 
 bool fs_mgr_has_shared_blocks(const std::string& mount_point, const std::string& dev) {
@@ -540,3 +989,42 @@
 
     return (info.feat_ro_compat & EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_SHARED_BLOCKS) != 0;
 }
+
+std::string fs_mgr_get_context(const std::string& mount_point) {
+    char* ctx = nullptr;
+    if (getfilecon(mount_point.c_str(), &ctx) == -1) {
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    std::string context(ctx);
+    free(ctx);
+    return context;
+}
+
+OverlayfsValidResult fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid() {
+    // Overlayfs available in the kernel, and patched for override_creds?
+    if (fs_mgr_access("/sys/module/overlay/parameters/override_creds")) {
+        return OverlayfsValidResult::kOverrideCredsRequired;
+    }
+    if (!fs_mgr_access("/sys/module/overlay")) {
+        return OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported;
+    }
+    struct utsname uts;
+    if (uname(&uts) == -1) {
+        return OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported;
+    }
+    int major, minor;
+    if (sscanf(uts.release, "%d.%d", &major, &minor) != 2) {
+        return OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported;
+    }
+    if (major < 4) {
+        return OverlayfsValidResult::kOk;
+    }
+    if (major > 4) {
+        return OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported;
+    }
+    if (minor > 6) {
+        return OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported;
+    }
+    return OverlayfsValidResult::kOk;
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
index a347faf..3b9ddee 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <fs_mgr.h>
+#include <fstab/fstab.h>
 
-#include "fs_mgr.h"
 #include "fs_mgr_priv_boot_config.h"
 
 /* The CHECK() in logging.h will use program invocation name as the tag.
@@ -39,11 +40,13 @@
 #define LINFO    LOG(INFO) << FS_MGR_TAG
 #define LWARNING LOG(WARNING) << FS_MGR_TAG
 #define LERROR   LOG(ERROR) << FS_MGR_TAG
+#define LFATAL LOG(FATAL) << FS_MGR_TAG
 
 // Logs a message with strerror(errno) at the end
 #define PINFO    PLOG(INFO) << FS_MGR_TAG
 #define PWARNING PLOG(WARNING) << FS_MGR_TAG
 #define PERROR   PLOG(ERROR) << FS_MGR_TAG
+#define PFATAL PLOG(FATAL) << FS_MGR_TAG
 
 #define CRYPTO_TMPFS_OPTIONS "size=512m,mode=0771,uid=1000,gid=1000"
 
@@ -113,19 +116,37 @@
 #define MF_KEYDIRECTORY    0X4000000
 #define MF_SYSFS           0X8000000
 #define MF_LOGICAL        0x10000000
+#define MF_CHECKPOINT_BLK 0x20000000
+#define MF_CHECKPOINT_FS  0x40000000
+#define MF_FIRST_STAGE_MOUNT \
+                          0x80000000
+#define MF_SLOTSELECT_OTHER  \
+                         0x100000000
+#define MF_ZRAM_LOOPBACK_PATH    \
+                         0x200000000
+#define MF_ZRAM_LOOPBACK_SIZE    \
+                         0x400000000
+#define MF_ZRAM_BACKING_DEV_PATH \
+                         0x800000000
+#define MF_FS_VERITY  \
+                         0x1000000000
 // clang-format on
 
 #define DM_BUF_SIZE 4096
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
-int fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(const char *blockdev);
+enum class FileWaitMode { Exists, DoesNotExist };
+
 bool fs_mgr_wait_for_file(const std::string& filename,
-                          const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout);
-bool fs_mgr_update_for_slotselect(struct fstab *fstab);
+                          const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout,
+                          FileWaitMode wait_mode = FileWaitMode::Exists);
+
+bool fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(const std::string& blockdev, bool readonly = true);
+bool fs_mgr_update_for_slotselect(Fstab* fstab);
 bool fs_mgr_is_device_unlocked();
 const std::string& get_android_dt_dir();
 bool is_dt_compatible();
-int load_verity_state(struct fstab_rec* fstab, int* mode);
+int load_verity_state(const FstabEntry& entry, int* mode);
 
 #endif /* __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_H */
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_roots.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_roots.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32a5d21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_roots.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "fs_mgr/roots.h"
+
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "fs_mgr.h"
+#include "fs_mgr_dm_linear.h"
+#include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
+
+static constexpr const char* kSystemRoot = "/system";
+
+static bool gDidMapLogicalPartitions = false;
+
+FstabEntry* GetEntryForPath(Fstab* fstab, const std::string& path) {
+    if (path.empty()) return nullptr;
+    std::string str(path);
+    while (true) {
+        auto it = std::find_if(fstab->begin(), fstab->end(),
+                               [&str](const auto& entry) { return entry.mount_point == str; });
+        if (it != fstab->end()) return &*it;
+        if (str == "/") break;
+        auto slash = str.find_last_of('/');
+        if (slash == std::string::npos) break;
+        if (slash == 0) {
+            str = "/";
+        } else {
+            str = str.substr(0, slash);
+        }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+enum class MountState {
+    ERROR = -1,
+    NOT_MOUNTED = 0,
+    MOUNTED = 1,
+};
+
+static MountState GetMountState(const std::string& mount_point) {
+    Fstab mounted_fstab;
+    if (!ReadFstabFromFile("/proc/mounts", &mounted_fstab)) {
+        LERROR << "Failed to scan mounted volumes";
+        return MountState::ERROR;
+    }
+
+    auto mv = std::find_if(
+            mounted_fstab.begin(), mounted_fstab.end(),
+            [&mount_point](const auto& entry) { return entry.mount_point == mount_point; });
+    if (mv != mounted_fstab.end()) {
+        return MountState::MOUNTED;
+    }
+    return MountState::NOT_MOUNTED;
+}
+
+bool EnsurePathMounted(Fstab* fstab, const std::string& path, const std::string& mount_pt) {
+    auto rec = GetEntryForPath(fstab, path);
+    if (rec == nullptr) {
+        LERROR << "unknown volume for path [" << path << "]";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (rec->fs_type == "ramdisk") {
+        // The ramdisk is always mounted.
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // If we can't acquire the block device for a logical partition, it likely
+    // was never created. In that case we try to create it.
+    if (rec->fs_mgr_flags.logical && !fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(rec)) {
+        if (gDidMapLogicalPartitions) {
+            LERROR << "Failed to find block device for partition";
+            return false;
+        }
+        std::string super_name = fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name();
+        if (!android::fs_mgr::CreateLogicalPartitions("/dev/block/by-name/" + super_name)) {
+            LERROR << "Failed to create logical partitions";
+            return false;
+        }
+        gDidMapLogicalPartitions = true;
+        if (!fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(rec)) {
+            LERROR << "Failed to find block device for partition";
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto mounted = GetMountState(rec->mount_point);
+    if (mounted == MountState::ERROR) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (mounted == MountState::MOUNTED) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    const std::string mount_point = mount_pt.empty() ? rec->mount_point : mount_pt;
+
+    static const std::vector<std::string> supported_fs{"ext4", "squashfs", "vfat", "f2fs", "none"};
+    if (std::find(supported_fs.begin(), supported_fs.end(), rec->fs_type) == supported_fs.end()) {
+        LERROR << "unknown fs_type \"" << rec->fs_type << "\" for " << mount_point;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    int result = fs_mgr_do_mount_one(*rec, mount_point);
+    if (result == -1 && rec->fs_mgr_flags.formattable) {
+        PERROR << "Failed to mount " << mount_point << "; formatting";
+        bool crypt_footer = rec->is_encryptable() && rec->key_loc == "footer";
+        if (fs_mgr_do_format(*rec, crypt_footer) != 0) {
+            PERROR << "Failed to format " << mount_point;
+            return false;
+        }
+        result = fs_mgr_do_mount_one(*rec, mount_point);
+    }
+
+    if (result == -1) {
+        PERROR << "Failed to mount " << mount_point;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool EnsurePathUnmounted(Fstab* fstab, const std::string& path) {
+    auto rec = GetEntryForPath(fstab, path);
+    if (rec == nullptr) {
+        LERROR << "unknown volume for path [" << path << "]";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (rec->fs_type == "ramdisk") {
+        // The ramdisk is always mounted; you can't unmount it.
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Fstab mounted_fstab;
+    if (!ReadFstabFromFile("/proc/mounts", &mounted_fstab)) {
+        LERROR << "Failed to scan mounted volumes";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto mounted = GetMountState(rec->mount_point);
+    if (mounted == MountState::ERROR) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (mounted == MountState::NOT_MOUNTED) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    int result = umount(rec->mount_point.c_str());
+    if (result == -1) {
+        PWARNING << "Failed to umount " << rec->mount_point;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::string GetSystemRoot() {
+    Fstab fstab;
+    if (!ReadDefaultFstab(&fstab)) {
+        LERROR << "Failed to read default fstab";
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    auto it = std::find_if(fstab.begin(), fstab.end(),
+                           [](const auto& entry) { return entry.mount_point == kSystemRoot; });
+    if (it == fstab.end()) {
+        return "/";
+    }
+
+    return kSystemRoot;
+}
+
+bool LogicalPartitionsMapped() {
+    return gDidMapLogicalPartitions;
+}
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_slotselect.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_slotselect.cpp
index 3b01d0e..3cb718c 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_slotselect.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_slotselect.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,19 @@
 #include "fs_mgr.h"
 #include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
 
+// https://source.android.com/devices/tech/ota/ab/ab_implement#partitions
+// All partitions that are A/B-ed should be named as follows (slots are always
+// named a, b, etc.): boot_a, boot_b, system_a, system_b, vendor_a, vendor_b.
+static std::string other_suffix(const std::string& slot_suffix) {
+    if (slot_suffix == "_a") {
+        return "_b";
+    }
+    if (slot_suffix == "_b") {
+        return "_a";
+    }
+    return "";
+}
+
 // Returns "_a" or "_b" based on androidboot.slot_suffix in kernel cmdline, or an empty string
 // if that parameter does not exist.
 std::string fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix() {
@@ -31,36 +44,24 @@
 }
 
 // Updates |fstab| for slot_suffix. Returns true on success, false on error.
-bool fs_mgr_update_for_slotselect(struct fstab *fstab) {
-    int n;
+bool fs_mgr_update_for_slotselect(Fstab* fstab) {
     std::string ab_suffix;
 
-    for (n = 0; n < fstab->num_entries; n++) {
-        fstab_rec& record = fstab->recs[n];
-        if (record.fs_mgr_flags & MF_SLOTSELECT) {
-            if (ab_suffix.empty()) {
-                ab_suffix = fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix();
-                // Return false if failed to get ab_suffix when MF_SLOTSELECT is specified.
-                if (ab_suffix.empty()) return false;
-            }
-
-            char* new_blk_device;
-            if (asprintf(&new_blk_device, "%s%s", record.blk_device, ab_suffix.c_str()) <= 0) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            free(record.blk_device);
-            record.blk_device = new_blk_device;
-
-            char* new_partition_name;
-            if (record.logical_partition_name) {
-                if (asprintf(&new_partition_name, "%s%s", record.logical_partition_name,
-                             ab_suffix.c_str()) <= 0) {
-                    return false;
-                }
-                free(record.logical_partition_name);
-                record.logical_partition_name = new_partition_name;
-            }
+    for (auto& entry : *fstab) {
+        if (!entry.fs_mgr_flags.slot_select && !entry.fs_mgr_flags.slot_select_other) {
+            continue;
         }
+
+        if (ab_suffix.empty()) {
+            ab_suffix = fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix();
+            // Return false if failed to get ab_suffix when MF_SLOTSELECT is specified.
+            if (ab_suffix.empty()) return false;
+        }
+
+        const auto& update_suffix =
+                entry.fs_mgr_flags.slot_select ? ab_suffix : other_suffix(ab_suffix);
+        entry.blk_device = entry.blk_device + update_suffix;
+        entry.logical_partition_name = entry.logical_partition_name + update_suffix;
     }
     return true;
 }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_vendor_overlay.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_vendor_overlay.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..830f0dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_vendor_overlay.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <selinux/selinux.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <fs_mgr_overlayfs.h>
+#include <fs_mgr_vendor_overlay.h>
+#include <fstab/fstab.h>
+
+#include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
+
+using namespace std::literals;
+
+namespace {
+
+// The order of the list means the priority to show the files in the directory.
+// The last one has the highest priority.
+const std::vector<const std::string> kVendorOverlaySourceDirs = {
+        "/system/vendor_overlay/",
+        "/product/vendor_overlay/",
+};
+const auto kVndkVersionPropertyName = "ro.vndk.version"s;
+const auto kVendorTopDir = "/vendor/"s;
+const auto kLowerdirOption = "lowerdir="s;
+
+std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> fs_mgr_get_vendor_overlay_dirs(
+        const std::string& vndk_version) {
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> vendor_overlay_dirs;
+    for (const auto& vendor_overlay_source : kVendorOverlaySourceDirs) {
+        const auto overlay_top = vendor_overlay_source + vndk_version;
+        std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> vendor_overlay_top(opendir(overlay_top.c_str()),
+                                                                     closedir);
+        if (!vendor_overlay_top) continue;
+
+        // Vendor overlay root for current vendor version found!
+        LINFO << "vendor overlay root: " << overlay_top;
+
+        struct dirent* dp;
+        while ((dp = readdir(vendor_overlay_top.get())) != nullptr) {
+            if (dp->d_type != DT_DIR || dp->d_name[0] == '.') {
+                continue;
+            }
+            vendor_overlay_dirs.emplace_back(overlay_top, dp->d_name);
+        }
+    }
+    return vendor_overlay_dirs;
+}
+
+bool fs_mgr_vendor_overlay_mount(const std::pair<std::string, std::string>& mount_point) {
+    const auto [overlay_top, mount_dir] = mount_point;
+    const auto vendor_mount_point = kVendorTopDir + mount_dir;
+    LINFO << "vendor overlay mount on " << vendor_mount_point;
+
+    const auto target_context = fs_mgr_get_context(vendor_mount_point);
+    if (target_context.empty()) {
+        PERROR << " failed: cannot find the target vendor mount point";
+        return false;
+    }
+    const auto source_directory = overlay_top + "/" + mount_dir;
+    const auto source_context = fs_mgr_get_context(source_directory);
+    if (target_context != source_context) {
+        LERROR << " failed: source and target contexts do not match (source:" << source_context
+               << ", target:" << target_context << ")";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto options = kLowerdirOption + source_directory + ":" + vendor_mount_point;
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid() == OverlayfsValidResult::kOverrideCredsRequired) {
+        options += ",override_creds=off";
+    }
+    auto report = "__mount(source=overlay,target="s + vendor_mount_point + ",type=overlay," +
+                  options + ")=";
+    auto ret = mount("overlay", vendor_mount_point.c_str(), "overlay", MS_RDONLY | MS_RELATIME,
+                     options.c_str());
+    if (ret) {
+        PERROR << report << ret;
+        return false;
+    } else {
+        LINFO << report << ret;
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+// Since the vendor overlay requires to know the version of the vendor partition,
+// it is not possible to mount vendor overlay at the first stage that cannot
+// initialize properties.
+// To read the properties, vendor overlay must be mounted at the second stage, right
+// after "property_load_boot_defaults()" is called.
+bool fs_mgr_vendor_overlay_mount_all() {
+    // To read the property, it must be called at the second init stage after the default
+    // properties are loaded.
+    static const auto vndk_version = android::base::GetProperty(kVndkVersionPropertyName, "");
+    if (vndk_version.empty()) {
+        LINFO << "vendor overlay: vndk version not defined";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const auto vendor_overlay_dirs = fs_mgr_get_vendor_overlay_dirs(vndk_version);
+    if (vendor_overlay_dirs.empty()) return true;
+    if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid() == OverlayfsValidResult::kNotSupported) {
+        LINFO << "vendor overlay: kernel does not support overlayfs";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Mount each directory in /(system|product)/vendor_overlay/<ver> on /vendor
+    auto ret = true;
+    for (const auto& vendor_overlay_dir : vendor_overlay_dirs) {
+        if (!fs_mgr_vendor_overlay_mount(vendor_overlay_dir)) {
+            ret = false;
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_verity.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_verity.cpp
index 5fb4ebb..9adf8cc 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_verity.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_verity.cpp
@@ -89,24 +89,21 @@
 {
     uint8_t key_data[ANDROID_PUBKEY_ENCODED_SIZE];
 
-    FILE* f = fopen(path, "r");
+    auto f = std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)>{fopen(path, "re"), fclose};
     if (!f) {
         LERROR << "Can't open " << path;
-        return NULL;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
-    if (!fread(key_data, sizeof(key_data), 1, f)) {
+    if (!fread(key_data, sizeof(key_data), 1, f.get())) {
         LERROR << "Could not read key!";
-        fclose(f);
-        return NULL;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
-    fclose(f);
-
-    RSA* key = NULL;
+    RSA* key = nullptr;
     if (!android_pubkey_decode(key_data, sizeof(key_data), &key)) {
         LERROR << "Could not parse key!";
-        return NULL;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
     return key;
@@ -368,7 +365,6 @@
 static int metadata_find(const char *fname, const char *stag,
         unsigned int slength, off64_t *offset)
 {
-    FILE *fp = NULL;
     char tag[METADATA_TAG_MAX_LENGTH + 1];
     int rc = -1;
     int n;
@@ -380,75 +376,64 @@
         return -1;
     }
 
-    fp = fopen(fname, "r+");
+    auto fp = std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)>{fopen(fname, "re+"), fclose};
 
     if (!fp) {
         PERROR << "Failed to open " << fname;
-        goto out;
+        return -1;
     }
 
     /* check magic */
-    if (fseek(fp, start, SEEK_SET) < 0 ||
-        fread(&magic, sizeof(magic), 1, fp) != 1) {
+    if (fseek(fp.get(), start, SEEK_SET) < 0 || fread(&magic, sizeof(magic), 1, fp.get()) != 1) {
         PERROR << "Failed to read magic from " << fname;
-        goto out;
+        return -1;
     }
 
     if (magic != METADATA_MAGIC) {
         magic = METADATA_MAGIC;
 
-        if (fseek(fp, start, SEEK_SET) < 0 ||
-            fwrite(&magic, sizeof(magic), 1, fp) != 1) {
+        if (fseek(fp.get(), start, SEEK_SET) < 0 ||
+            fwrite(&magic, sizeof(magic), 1, fp.get()) != 1) {
             PERROR << "Failed to write magic to " << fname;
-            goto out;
+            return -1;
         }
 
-        rc = metadata_add(fp, start + sizeof(magic), stag, slength, offset);
+        rc = metadata_add(fp.get(), start + sizeof(magic), stag, slength, offset);
         if (rc < 0) {
             PERROR << "Failed to add metadata to " << fname;
         }
 
-        goto out;
+        return rc;
     }
 
     start += sizeof(magic);
 
     while (1) {
-        n = fscanf(fp, "%" STRINGIFY(METADATA_TAG_MAX_LENGTH) "s %u\n",
-                tag, &length);
+        n = fscanf(fp.get(), "%" STRINGIFY(METADATA_TAG_MAX_LENGTH) "s %u\n", tag, &length);
 
         if (n == 2 && strcmp(tag, METADATA_EOD)) {
             /* found a tag */
-            start = ftell(fp);
+            start = ftell(fp.get());
 
             if (!strcmp(tag, stag) && length == slength) {
                 *offset = start;
-                rc = 0;
-                goto out;
+                return 0;
             }
 
             start += length;
 
-            if (fseek(fp, length, SEEK_CUR) < 0) {
+            if (fseek(fp.get(), length, SEEK_CUR) < 0) {
                 PERROR << "Failed to seek " << fname;
-                goto out;
+                return -1;
             }
         } else {
-            rc = metadata_add(fp, start, stag, slength, offset);
+            rc = metadata_add(fp.get(), start, stag, slength, offset);
             if (rc < 0) {
                 PERROR << "Failed to write metadata to " << fname;
             }
-            goto out;
+            return rc;
         }
-   }
-
-out:
-    if (fp) {
-        fflush(fp);
-        fclose(fp);
     }
-
-    return rc;
 }
 
 static int write_verity_state(const char *fname, off64_t offset, int32_t mode)
@@ -551,8 +536,7 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int compare_last_signature(struct fstab_rec *fstab, int *match)
-{
+static int compare_last_signature(const FstabEntry& entry, int* match) {
     char tag[METADATA_TAG_MAX_LENGTH + 1];
     int fd = -1;
     int rc = -1;
@@ -564,42 +548,40 @@
 
     *match = 1;
 
-    if (fec_open(&f, fstab->blk_device, O_RDONLY, FEC_VERITY_DISABLE,
-            FEC_DEFAULT_ROOTS) == -1) {
-        PERROR << "Failed to open '" << fstab->blk_device << "'";
+    if (fec_open(&f, entry.blk_device.c_str(), O_RDONLY, FEC_VERITY_DISABLE, FEC_DEFAULT_ROOTS) ==
+        -1) {
+        PERROR << "Failed to open '" << entry.blk_device << "'";
         return rc;
     }
 
     // read verity metadata
     if (fec_verity_get_metadata(f, &verity) == -1) {
-        PERROR << "Failed to get verity metadata '" << fstab->blk_device << "'";
+        PERROR << "Failed to get verity metadata '" << entry.blk_device << "'";
         goto out;
     }
 
     SHA256(verity.signature, sizeof(verity.signature), curr);
 
-    if (snprintf(tag, sizeof(tag), VERITY_LASTSIG_TAG "_%s",
-            basename(fstab->mount_point)) >= (int)sizeof(tag)) {
-        LERROR << "Metadata tag name too long for " << fstab->mount_point;
+    if (snprintf(tag, sizeof(tag), VERITY_LASTSIG_TAG "_%s", basename(entry.mount_point.c_str())) >=
+        (int)sizeof(tag)) {
+        LERROR << "Metadata tag name too long for " << entry.mount_point;
         goto out;
     }
 
-    if (metadata_find(fstab->verity_loc, tag, SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH,
-            &offset) < 0) {
+    if (metadata_find(entry.verity_loc.c_str(), tag, SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH, &offset) < 0) {
         goto out;
     }
 
-    fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(fstab->verity_loc, O_RDWR | O_SYNC | O_CLOEXEC));
+    fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(entry.verity_loc.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_SYNC | O_CLOEXEC));
 
     if (fd == -1) {
-        PERROR << "Failed to open " << fstab->verity_loc;
+        PERROR << "Failed to open " << entry.verity_loc;
         goto out;
     }
 
-    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread64(fd, prev, sizeof(prev),
-            offset)) != sizeof(prev)) {
-        PERROR << "Failed to read " << sizeof(prev) << " bytes from "
-               << fstab->verity_loc << " offset " << offset;
+    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pread64(fd, prev, sizeof(prev), offset)) != sizeof(prev)) {
+        PERROR << "Failed to read " << sizeof(prev) << " bytes from " << entry.verity_loc
+               << " offset " << offset;
         goto out;
     }
 
@@ -609,8 +591,8 @@
         /* update current signature hash */
         if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(pwrite64(fd, curr, sizeof(curr),
                 offset)) != sizeof(curr)) {
-            PERROR << "Failed to write " << sizeof(curr) << " bytes to "
-                   << fstab->verity_loc << " offset " << offset;
+            PERROR << "Failed to write " << sizeof(curr) << " bytes to " << entry.verity_loc
+                   << " offset " << offset;
             goto out;
         }
     }
@@ -622,28 +604,23 @@
     return rc;
 }
 
-static int get_verity_state_offset(struct fstab_rec *fstab, off64_t *offset)
-{
+static int get_verity_state_offset(const FstabEntry& entry, off64_t* offset) {
     char tag[METADATA_TAG_MAX_LENGTH + 1];
 
-    if (snprintf(tag, sizeof(tag), VERITY_STATE_TAG "_%s",
-            basename(fstab->mount_point)) >= (int)sizeof(tag)) {
-        LERROR << "Metadata tag name too long for " << fstab->mount_point;
+    if (snprintf(tag, sizeof(tag), VERITY_STATE_TAG "_%s", basename(entry.mount_point.c_str())) >=
+        (int)sizeof(tag)) {
+        LERROR << "Metadata tag name too long for " << entry.mount_point;
         return -1;
     }
 
-    return metadata_find(fstab->verity_loc, tag, sizeof(struct verity_state),
-                offset);
+    return metadata_find(entry.verity_loc.c_str(), tag, sizeof(struct verity_state), offset);
 }
 
-int load_verity_state(struct fstab_rec* fstab, int* mode) {
-    int match = 0;
-    off64_t offset = 0;
-
-    /* unless otherwise specified, use EIO mode */
+int load_verity_state(const FstabEntry& entry, int* mode) {
+    // unless otherwise specified, use EIO mode.
     *mode = VERITY_MODE_EIO;
 
-    /* use the kernel parameter if set */
+    // use the kernel parameter if set.
     std::string veritymode;
     if (fs_mgr_get_boot_config("veritymode", &veritymode)) {
         if (veritymode == "enforcing") {
@@ -652,7 +629,8 @@
         return 0;
     }
 
-    if (get_verity_state_offset(fstab, &offset) < 0) {
+    off64_t offset = 0;
+    if (get_verity_state_offset(entry, &offset) < 0) {
         /* fall back to stateless behavior */
         return 0;
     }
@@ -660,16 +638,17 @@
     if (was_verity_restart()) {
         /* device was restarted after dm-verity detected a corrupted
          * block, so use EIO mode */
-        return write_verity_state(fstab->verity_loc, offset, *mode);
+        return write_verity_state(entry.verity_loc.c_str(), offset, *mode);
     }
 
-    if (!compare_last_signature(fstab, &match) && !match) {
+    int match = 0;
+    if (!compare_last_signature(entry, &match) && !match) {
         /* partition has been reflashed, reset dm-verity state */
         *mode = VERITY_MODE_DEFAULT;
-        return write_verity_state(fstab->verity_loc, offset, *mode);
+        return write_verity_state(entry.verity_loc.c_str(), offset, *mode);
     }
 
-    return read_verity_state(fstab->verity_loc, offset, mode);
+    return read_verity_state(entry.verity_loc.c_str(), offset, mode);
 }
 
 // Update the verity table using the actual block device path.
@@ -731,8 +710,7 @@
 // prepares the verity enabled (MF_VERIFY / MF_VERIFYATBOOT) fstab record for
 // mount. The 'wait_for_verity_dev' parameter makes this function wait for the
 // verity device to get created before return
-int fs_mgr_setup_verity(struct fstab_rec *fstab, bool wait_for_verity_dev)
-{
+int fs_mgr_setup_verity(FstabEntry* entry, bool wait_for_verity_dev) {
     int retval = FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_FAIL;
     int fd = -1;
     std::string verity_blk_name;
@@ -740,20 +718,20 @@
     struct fec_verity_metadata verity;
     struct verity_table_params params = { .table = NULL };
 
-    const std::string mount_point(basename(fstab->mount_point));
+    const std::string mount_point(basename(entry->mount_point.c_str()));
     bool verified_at_boot = false;
 
     android::dm::DeviceMapper& dm = android::dm::DeviceMapper::Instance();
 
-    if (fec_open(&f, fstab->blk_device, O_RDONLY, FEC_VERITY_DISABLE,
-            FEC_DEFAULT_ROOTS) < 0) {
-        PERROR << "Failed to open '" << fstab->blk_device << "'";
+    if (fec_open(&f, entry->blk_device.c_str(), O_RDONLY, FEC_VERITY_DISABLE, FEC_DEFAULT_ROOTS) <
+        0) {
+        PERROR << "Failed to open '" << entry->blk_device << "'";
         return retval;
     }
 
     // read verity metadata
     if (fec_verity_get_metadata(f, &verity) < 0) {
-        PERROR << "Failed to get verity metadata '" << fstab->blk_device << "'";
+        PERROR << "Failed to get verity metadata '" << entry->blk_device << "'";
         // Allow verity disabled when the device is unlocked without metadata
         if (fs_mgr_is_device_unlocked()) {
             retval = FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_SKIPPED;
@@ -775,9 +753,9 @@
         params.ecc.valid = false;
     }
 
-    params.ecc_dev = fstab->blk_device;
+    params.ecc_dev = entry->blk_device.c_str();
 
-    if (load_verity_state(fstab, &params.mode) < 0) {
+    if (load_verity_state(*entry, &params.mode) < 0) {
         /* if accessing or updating the state failed, switch to the default
          * safe mode. This makes sure the device won't end up in an endless
          * restart loop, and no corrupted data will be exposed to userspace
@@ -818,8 +796,8 @@
           << " (mode " << params.mode << ")";
 
     // Update the verity params using the actual block device path
-    update_verity_table_blk_device(fstab->blk_device, &params.table,
-                                   fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_SLOTSELECT);
+    update_verity_table_blk_device(entry->blk_device, &params.table,
+                                   entry->fs_mgr_flags.slot_select);
 
     // load the verity mapping table
     if (load_verity_table(dm, mount_point, verity.data_size, &params, format_verity_table) == 0) {
@@ -863,31 +841,29 @@
     }
 
     // mark the underlying block device as read-only
-    fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(fstab->blk_device);
+    fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(entry->blk_device);
 
     // Verify the entire partition in one go
     // If there is an error, allow it to mount as a normal verity partition.
-    if (fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_VERIFYATBOOT) {
-        LINFO << "Verifying partition " << fstab->blk_device << " at boot";
+    if (entry->fs_mgr_flags.verify_at_boot) {
+        LINFO << "Verifying partition " << entry->blk_device << " at boot";
         int err = read_partition(verity_blk_name.c_str(), verity.data_size);
         if (!err) {
-            LINFO << "Verified verity partition "
-                  << fstab->blk_device << " at boot";
+            LINFO << "Verified verity partition " << entry->blk_device << " at boot";
             verified_at_boot = true;
         }
     }
 
     // assign the new verity block device as the block device
     if (!verified_at_boot) {
-        free(fstab->blk_device);
-        fstab->blk_device = strdup(verity_blk_name.c_str());
+        entry->blk_device = verity_blk_name;
     } else if (!dm.DeleteDevice(mount_point)) {
         LERROR << "Failed to remove verity device " << mount_point.c_str();
         goto out;
     }
 
     // make sure we've set everything up properly
-    if (wait_for_verity_dev && !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(fstab->blk_device, 1s)) {
+    if (wait_for_verity_dev && !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(entry->blk_device, 1s)) {
         goto out;
     }
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr.h b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr.h
index 1049fb6..e87332f 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr.h
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <linux/dm-ioctl.h>
 
 #include <functional>
+#include <string>
 
 #include <fstab/fstab.h>
 
@@ -49,10 +50,6 @@
     MOUNT_MODE_LATE = 2
 };
 
-// Callback function for verity status
-typedef void fs_mgr_verity_state_callback(struct fstab_rec* fstab, const char* mount_point,
-                                          int mode, int status);
-
 #define FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_IS_METADATA_ENCRYPTED 7
 #define FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NEEDS_METADATA_ENCRYPTION 6
 #define FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_FILE_ENCRYPTED 5
@@ -62,29 +59,40 @@
 #define FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NOT_ENCRYPTED 1
 #define FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NOT_ENCRYPTABLE 0
 #define FS_MGR_MNTALL_FAIL (-1)
-int fs_mgr_mount_all(struct fstab *fstab, int mount_mode);
+// fs_mgr_mount_all() updates fstab entries that reference device-mapper.
+int fs_mgr_mount_all(Fstab* fstab, int mount_mode);
 
 #define FS_MGR_DOMNT_FAILED (-1)
 #define FS_MGR_DOMNT_BUSY (-2)
 #define FS_MGR_DOMNT_SUCCESS 0
 
-int fs_mgr_do_mount(struct fstab *fstab, const char *n_name, char *n_blk_device,
-                    char *tmp_mount_point);
-int fs_mgr_do_mount_one(struct fstab_rec *rec);
+int fs_mgr_do_mount(fstab* fstab, const char* n_name, char* n_blk_device, char* tmp_mount_point);
+int fs_mgr_do_mount(fstab* fstab, const char* n_name, char* n_blk_device, char* tmp_mount_point,
+                    bool need_cp);
+int fs_mgr_do_mount_one(const FstabEntry& entry, const std::string& mount_point = "");
+int fs_mgr_do_mount_one(fstab_rec* rec);
 int fs_mgr_do_tmpfs_mount(const char *n_name);
-struct fstab_rec const* fs_mgr_get_crypt_entry(struct fstab const* fstab);
-void fs_mgr_get_crypt_info(struct fstab* fstab, char* key_loc, char* real_blk_device, size_t size);
+fstab_rec const* fs_mgr_get_crypt_entry(fstab const* fstab);
+void fs_mgr_get_crypt_info(fstab* fstab, char* key_loc, char* real_blk_device, size_t size);
 bool fs_mgr_load_verity_state(int* mode);
-bool fs_mgr_update_verity_state(std::function<fs_mgr_verity_state_callback> callback);
-int fs_mgr_swapon_all(struct fstab *fstab);
+bool fs_mgr_update_verity_state(
+        std::function<void(const std::string& mount_point, int mode)> callback);
+bool fs_mgr_swapon_all(const Fstab& fstab);
+bool fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(FstabEntry* entry);
 bool fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(struct fstab_rec* rec);
 
-int fs_mgr_do_format(struct fstab_rec *fstab, bool reserve_footer);
+int fs_mgr_do_format(const FstabEntry& entry, bool reserve_footer);
+int fs_mgr_do_format(fstab_rec* rec, bool reserve_footer);
 
 #define FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_SKIPPED  (-3)
 #define FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_DISABLED (-2)
 #define FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_FAIL (-1)
 #define FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_SUCCESS 0
-int fs_mgr_setup_verity(struct fstab_rec *fstab, bool wait_for_verity_dev);
+int fs_mgr_setup_verity(FstabEntry* fstab, bool wait_for_verity_dev);
+
+// Return the name of the super partition if it exists. If a slot number is
+// specified, the super partition for the corresponding metadata slot will be
+// returned. Otherwise, it will use the current slot.
+std::string fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(int slot = -1);
 
 #endif /* __CORE_FS_MGR_H */
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr/roots.h b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr/roots.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65c59cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr/roots.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <fs_mgr.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
+
+// Finds the volume specified by the given path. fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point() does exact match
+// only, so it attempts the prefixes recursively (e.g. "/cache/recovery/last_log",
+// "/cache/recovery", "/cache", "/" for a given path of "/cache/recovery/last_log") and returns the
+// first match or nullptr.
+FstabEntry* GetEntryForPath(Fstab* fstab, const std::string& path);
+
+// Make sure that the volume 'path' is on is mounted.
+// * If 'mount_point' is nullptr, use mount point in fstab. Caller can call
+//   fs_mgr_ensure_path_unmounted() with the same 'path' argument to unmount.
+// * If 'mount_point' is not nullptr, the mount point is overridden. Caller can
+//   call umount(mount_point) to unmount.
+// Returns true on success (volume is mounted).
+bool EnsurePathMounted(Fstab* fstab, const std::string& path, const std::string& mount_point = "");
+
+// Make sure that the volume 'path' is on is unmounted.  Returns true on
+// success (volume is unmounted).
+bool EnsurePathUnmounted(Fstab* fstab, const std::string& path);
+
+// Return "/system" if it is in default fstab, otherwise "/".
+std::string GetSystemRoot();
+
+// Return true iff logical partitions are mapped when partitions are mounted via ensure_path_mounted
+// functions.
+bool LogicalPartitionsMapped();
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_dm_linear.h b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_dm_linear.h
index f15c450..f33fc02 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_dm_linear.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_dm_linear.h
@@ -27,28 +27,48 @@
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <libdm/dm.h>
-#include <liblp/metadata_format.h>
+#include <liblp/liblp.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace fs_mgr {
 
+// Read metadata from the current slot.
+std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadCurrentMetadata(const std::string& block_device);
+
+// Create block devices for all logical partitions in the given metadata. The
+// metadata must have been read from the current slot.
+bool CreateLogicalPartitions(const LpMetadata& metadata, const std::string& block_device);
+
+// Create block devices for all logical partitions. This is a convenience
+// method for ReadMetadata and CreateLogicalPartitions.
 bool CreateLogicalPartitions(const std::string& block_device);
 
 // Create a block device for a single logical partition, given metadata and
 // the partition name. On success, a path to the partition's block device is
 // returned. If |force_writable| is true, the "readonly" flag will be ignored
 // so the partition can be flashed.
+//
+// If |timeout_ms| is non-zero, then CreateLogicalPartition will block for the
+// given amount of time until the path returned in |path| is available.
 bool CreateLogicalPartition(const std::string& block_device, uint32_t metadata_slot,
                             const std::string& partition_name, bool force_writable,
-                            std::string* path);
+                            const std::chrono::milliseconds& timeout_ms, std::string* path);
 
-// Destroy the block device for a logical partition, by name.
-bool DestroyLogicalPartition(const std::string& name);
+// Same as above, but with a given metadata object. Care should be taken that
+// the metadata represents a valid partition layout.
+bool CreateLogicalPartition(const std::string& block_device, const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                            const std::string& partition_name, bool force_writable,
+                            const std::chrono::milliseconds& timeout_ms, std::string* path);
+
+// Destroy the block device for a logical partition, by name. If |timeout_ms|
+// is non-zero, then this will block until the device path has been unlinked.
+bool DestroyLogicalPartition(const std::string& name, const std::chrono::milliseconds& timeout_ms);
 
 }  // namespace fs_mgr
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_overlayfs.h b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_overlayfs.h
index ceb45de..4bf2238 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_overlayfs.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_overlayfs.h
@@ -19,9 +19,20 @@
 #include <fstab/fstab.h>
 
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
-bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all();
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all(Fstab* fstab);
+std::vector<std::string> fs_mgr_overlayfs_required_devices(Fstab* fstab);
 bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_setup(const char* backing = nullptr, const char* mount_point = nullptr,
                             bool* change = nullptr);
 bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_teardown(const char* mount_point = nullptr, bool* change = nullptr);
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_is_setup();
 bool fs_mgr_has_shared_blocks(const std::string& mount_point, const std::string& dev);
+std::string fs_mgr_get_context(const std::string& mount_point);
+
+enum class OverlayfsValidResult {
+    kNotSupported = 0,
+    kOk,
+    kOverrideCredsRequired,
+};
+OverlayfsValidResult fs_mgr_overlayfs_valid();
diff --git a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_vendor_overlay.h
similarity index 75%
copy from libbacktrace/GetPss.h
copy to fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_vendor_overlay.h
index 787c33d..9771a0c 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_vendor_overlay.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,9 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
-#define _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+#pragma once
 
-size_t GetPssBytes();
+#include <fstab/fstab.h>
 
-#endif // _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+bool fs_mgr_vendor_overlay_mount_all();
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h b/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h
index b1ee328..4a05949 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h
@@ -14,16 +14,17 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef __CORE_FS_TAB_H
-#define __CORE_FS_TAB_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <linux/dm-ioctl.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <set>
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
 /*
  * The entries must be kept in the same order as they were seen in the fstab.
@@ -42,22 +43,25 @@
     char* fs_type;
     unsigned long flags;
     char* fs_options;
-    int fs_mgr_flags;
+    uint64_t fs_mgr_flags;
     char* key_loc;
     char* key_dir;
     char* verity_loc;
-    long long length;
+    off64_t length;
     char* label;
     int partnum;
     int swap_prio;
     int max_comp_streams;
-    unsigned int zram_size;
-    uint64_t reserved_size;
-    unsigned int file_contents_mode;
-    unsigned int file_names_mode;
-    unsigned int erase_blk_size;
-    unsigned int logical_blk_size;
+    off64_t zram_size;
+    off64_t reserved_size;
+    int file_contents_mode;
+    int file_names_mode;
+    off64_t erase_blk_size;
+    off64_t logical_blk_size;
     char* sysfs_path;
+    char* zram_loopback_path;
+    uint64_t zram_loopback_size;
+    char* zram_backing_dev_path;
 };
 
 struct fstab* fs_mgr_read_fstab_default();
@@ -83,12 +87,117 @@
 int fs_mgr_is_formattable(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
 int fs_mgr_is_slotselect(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
 int fs_mgr_is_nofail(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
+int fs_mgr_is_first_stage_mount(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
 int fs_mgr_is_latemount(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
 int fs_mgr_is_quota(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
 int fs_mgr_is_logical(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
+int fs_mgr_is_checkpoint(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
+int fs_mgr_is_checkpoint_fs(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
+int fs_mgr_is_checkpoint_blk(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
 int fs_mgr_has_sysfs_path(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
+int fs_mgr_is_fs_verity(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
 
 std::string fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix();
 std::set<std::string> fs_mgr_get_boot_devices();
 
-#endif /* __CORE_FS_TAB_H */
+struct FstabEntry {
+    std::string blk_device;
+    std::string logical_partition_name;
+    std::string mount_point;
+    std::string fs_type;
+    unsigned long flags = 0;
+    std::string fs_options;
+    std::string key_loc;
+    std::string key_dir;
+    std::string verity_loc;
+    off64_t length = 0;
+    std::string label;
+    int partnum = -1;
+    int swap_prio = -1;
+    int max_comp_streams = 0;
+    off64_t zram_size = 0;
+    off64_t reserved_size = 0;
+    int file_contents_mode = 0;
+    int file_names_mode = 0;
+    off64_t erase_blk_size = 0;
+    off64_t logical_blk_size = 0;
+    std::string sysfs_path;
+    std::string vbmeta_partition;
+    std::string zram_loopback_path;
+    uint64_t zram_loopback_size;
+    std::string zram_backing_dev_path;
+
+    // TODO: Remove this union once fstab_rec is deprecated. It only serves as a
+    // convenient way to convert between fstab_rec::fs_mgr_flags and these bools.
+    union {
+        uint64_t val;
+        struct {
+            // bit 0
+            bool wait : 1;
+            bool check : 1;
+            bool crypt : 1;
+            bool nonremovable : 1;
+            bool vold_managed : 1;
+            bool length : 1;
+            bool recovery_only : 1;
+            bool swap_prio : 1;
+
+            // bit 8
+            bool zram_size : 1;
+            bool verify : 1;
+            bool force_crypt : 1;
+            bool no_emulated_sd : 1;  // No emulated sdcard daemon; sd card is the only external
+                                      // storage.
+            bool no_trim : 1;
+            bool file_encryption : 1;
+            bool formattable : 1;
+            bool slot_select : 1;
+
+            // bit 16
+            bool force_fde_or_fbe : 1;
+            bool late_mount : 1;
+            bool no_fail : 1;
+            bool verify_at_boot : 1;
+            bool max_comp_streams : 1;
+            bool reserved_size : 1;
+            bool quota : 1;
+            bool erase_blk_size : 1;
+
+            // bit 24
+            bool logical_blk_size : 1;
+            bool avb : 1;
+            bool key_directory : 1;
+            bool sysfs : 1;
+            bool logical : 1;
+            bool checkpoint_blk : 1;
+            bool checkpoint_fs : 1;
+            bool first_stage_mount : 1;
+
+            // bit 32
+            bool slot_select_other : 1;
+            bool zram_loopback_path : 1;
+            bool zram_loopback_size : 1;
+            bool zram_backing_dev_path : 1;
+            bool fs_verity : 1;
+        };
+    } fs_mgr_flags;
+
+    bool is_encryptable() const {
+        return fs_mgr_flags.crypt || fs_mgr_flags.force_crypt || fs_mgr_flags.force_fde_or_fbe;
+    }
+};
+
+// An Fstab is a collection of FstabEntry structs.
+using Fstab = std::vector<FstabEntry>;
+
+bool ReadFstabFromFile(const std::string& path, Fstab* fstab);
+bool ReadFstabFromDt(Fstab* fstab);
+bool ReadDefaultFstab(Fstab* fstab);
+
+// Temporary conversion functions.
+FstabEntry FstabRecToFstabEntry(const fstab_rec* fstab_rec);
+Fstab LegacyFstabToFstab(const struct fstab* legacy_fstab);
+fstab* FstabToLegacyFstab(const Fstab& fstab);
+
+// Helper method to build a GSI fstab entry for mounting /system.
+FstabEntry BuildGsiSystemFstabEntry();
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/libdm/Android.bp
index 22af123..c8c2d83 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/Android.bp
@@ -18,12 +18,9 @@
     name: "libdm",
     defaults: ["fs_mgr_defaults"],
     recovery_available: true,
+    host_supported: true,
 
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
-    cflags: [
-        // TODO(b/110035986): Allows us to create a skeleton of required classes
-        "-Wno-unused-private-field",
-    ],
 
     srcs: [
         "dm_table.cpp",
@@ -36,6 +33,11 @@
         "libbase_headers",
         "liblog_headers",
     ],
+    target: {
+        darwin: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+    },
 }
 
 cc_test {
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/dm.cpp b/fs_mgr/libdm/dm.cpp
index 2b526f6..c6a9e0b 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/dm.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/dm.cpp
@@ -203,7 +203,8 @@
         }
         next += vers->next;
         data_size -= vers->next;
-        vers = reinterpret_cast<struct dm_target_versions*>(static_cast<char*>(buffer.get()) + next);
+        vers = reinterpret_cast<struct dm_target_versions*>(static_cast<char*>(buffer.get()) +
+                                                            next);
     }
 
     return true;
@@ -278,7 +279,7 @@
     struct dm_ioctl io;
     InitIo(&io, name);
     if (ioctl(fd_, DM_DEV_STATUS, &io) < 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "DM_DEV_STATUS failed for " << name;
+        PLOG(WARNING) << "DM_DEV_STATUS failed for " << name;
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -288,12 +289,23 @@
 }
 
 bool DeviceMapper::GetTableStatus(const std::string& name, std::vector<TargetInfo>* table) {
+    return GetTable(name, 0, table);
+}
+
+bool DeviceMapper::GetTableInfo(const std::string& name, std::vector<TargetInfo>* table) {
+    return GetTable(name, DM_STATUS_TABLE_FLAG, table);
+}
+
+// private methods of DeviceMapper
+bool DeviceMapper::GetTable(const std::string& name, uint32_t flags,
+                            std::vector<TargetInfo>* table) {
     char buffer[4096];
     struct dm_ioctl* io = reinterpret_cast<struct dm_ioctl*>(buffer);
 
     InitIo(io, name);
     io->data_size = sizeof(buffer);
     io->data_start = sizeof(*io);
+    io->flags = flags;
     if (ioctl(fd_, DM_TABLE_STATUS, io) < 0) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "DM_TABLE_STATUS failed for " << name;
         return false;
@@ -327,7 +339,6 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-// private methods of DeviceMapper
 void DeviceMapper::InitIo(struct dm_ioctl* io, const std::string& name) const {
     CHECK(io != nullptr) << "nullptr passed to dm_ioctl initialization";
     memset(io, 0, sizeof(*io));
@@ -338,7 +349,7 @@
     io->data_size = sizeof(*io);
     io->data_start = 0;
     if (!name.empty()) {
-        strlcpy(io->name, name.c_str(), sizeof(io->name));
+        snprintf(io->name, sizeof(io->name), "%s", name.c_str());
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_target.cpp b/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_target.cpp
index 7c18267..cb33eea 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_target.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_target.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     struct dm_target_spec* spec = reinterpret_cast<struct dm_target_spec*>(&data[0]);
     spec->sector_start = start();
     spec->length = size();
-    strlcpy(spec->target_type, name().c_str(), sizeof(spec->target_type));
+    snprintf(spec->target_type, sizeof(spec->target_type), "%s", name().c_str());
     spec->next = (uint32_t)data.size();
     return data;
 }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_test.cpp
index cc61917..70823c6 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_test.cpp
@@ -59,7 +59,8 @@
         : dm_(DeviceMapper::Instance()), name_(name), valid_(false) {
         valid_ = dm_.CreateDevice(name, table);
     }
-    TempDevice(TempDevice&& other) : dm_(other.dm_), name_(other.name_), valid_(other.valid_) {
+    TempDevice(TempDevice&& other) noexcept
+        : dm_(other.dm_), name_(other.name_), valid_(other.valid_) {
         other.valid_ = false;
     }
     ~TempDevice() {
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@
     TempDevice(const TempDevice&) = delete;
     TempDevice& operator=(const TempDevice&) = delete;
 
-    TempDevice& operator=(TempDevice&& other) {
+    TempDevice& operator=(TempDevice&& other) noexcept {
         name_ = other.name_;
         valid_ = other.valid_;
         other.valid_ = false;
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm.h b/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm.h
index 91f8bb4..28e6e01 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm.h
@@ -128,6 +128,10 @@
     };
     bool GetTableStatus(const std::string& name, std::vector<TargetInfo>* table);
 
+    // Identical to GetTableStatus, except also retrives the active table for the device
+    // mapper device from the kernel.
+    bool GetTableInfo(const std::string& name, std::vector<TargetInfo>* table);
+
   private:
     // Maximum possible device mapper targets registered in the kernel.
     // This is only used to read the list of targets from kernel so we allocate
@@ -140,6 +144,8 @@
     // limit we are imposing here of 256.
     static constexpr uint32_t kMaxPossibleDmDevices = 256;
 
+    bool GetTable(const std::string& name, uint32_t flags, std::vector<TargetInfo>* table);
+
     void InitIo(struct dm_ioctl* io, const std::string& name = std::string()) const;
 
     DeviceMapper();
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm_target.h b/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm_target.h
index aab89e5..175b0f0 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm_target.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm_target.h
@@ -156,6 +156,20 @@
     std::string target_string_;
 };
 
+// dm-bow is the backup on write target that can provide checkpoint capability
+// for file systems that do not support checkpoints natively
+class DmTargetBow final : public DmTarget {
+  public:
+    DmTargetBow(uint64_t start, uint64_t length, const std::string& target_string)
+        : DmTarget(start, length), target_string_(target_string) {}
+
+    std::string name() const override { return "bow"; }
+    std::string GetParameterString() const override { return target_string_; }
+
+  private:
+    std::string target_string_;
+};
+
 }  // namespace dm
 }  // namespace android
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/.clang-format b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/.clang-format
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..8b770a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../../.clang-format-4
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33c3cad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libfiemap_writer",
+    defaults: ["fs_mgr_defaults"],
+    recovery_available: true,
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    cflags: [
+        // TODO(b/121211685): Allows us to create a skeleton of required classes
+        "-Wno-unused-private-field",
+        "-Wno-unused-parameter",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "fiemap_writer.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    header_libs: [
+        "libbase_headers",
+        "liblog_headers",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "fiemap_writer_test",
+    static_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libdm",
+        "libfiemap_writer",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+
+    data: [
+        "testdata/unaligned_file",
+        "testdata/file_4k",
+        "testdata/file_32k",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "fiemap_writer_test.cpp",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/fiemap_writer.cpp b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/fiemap_writer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..164fc91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/fiemap_writer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,645 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <libfiemap_writer/fiemap_writer.h>
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/vfs.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fiemap_writer {
+
+// We are expecting no more than 512 extents in a fiemap of the file we create.
+// If we find more, then it is treated as error for now.
+static constexpr const uint32_t kMaxExtents = 512;
+
+// TODO: Fallback to using fibmap if FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED is set.
+static constexpr const uint32_t kUnsupportedExtentFlags =
+        FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNKNOWN | FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNWRITTEN | FIEMAP_EXTENT_DELALLOC |
+        FIEMAP_EXTENT_NOT_ALIGNED | FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_INLINE | FIEMAP_EXTENT_DATA_TAIL |
+        FIEMAP_EXTENT_UNWRITTEN | FIEMAP_EXTENT_SHARED | FIEMAP_EXTENT_MERGED;
+
+static inline void cleanup(const std::string& file_path, bool created) {
+    if (created) {
+        unlink(file_path.c_str());
+    }
+}
+
+static bool BlockDeviceToName(uint32_t major, uint32_t minor, std::string* bdev_name) {
+    // The symlinks in /sys/dev/block point to the block device node under /sys/device/..
+    // The directory name in the target corresponds to the name of the block device. We use
+    // that to extract the block device name.
+    // e.g for block device name 'ram0', there exists a symlink named '1:0' in /sys/dev/block as
+    // follows.
+    //    1:0 -> ../../devices/virtual/block/ram0
+    std::string sysfs_path = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/sys/dev/block/%u:%u", major, minor);
+    std::string sysfs_bdev;
+
+    if (!::android::base::Readlink(sysfs_path, &sysfs_bdev)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read link at: " << sysfs_path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    *bdev_name = ::android::base::Basename(sysfs_bdev);
+    // Paranoid sanity check to make sure we just didn't get the
+    // input in return as-is.
+    if (sysfs_bdev == *bdev_name) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Malformed symlink for block device: " << sysfs_bdev;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool DeviceMapperStackPop(const std::string& bdev, std::string* bdev_raw) {
+    // TODO: Stop popping the device mapper stack if dm-linear target is found
+    if (!::android::base::StartsWith(bdev, "dm-")) {
+        // We are at the bottom of the device mapper stack.
+        *bdev_raw = bdev;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    std::string dm_leaf_dir = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/sys/block/%s/slaves", bdev.c_str());
+    auto d = std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)>(opendir(dm_leaf_dir.c_str()), closedir);
+    if (d == nullptr) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open: " << dm_leaf_dir;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    struct dirent* de;
+    uint32_t num_leaves = 0;
+    std::string bdev_next = "";
+    while ((de = readdir(d.get())) != nullptr) {
+        if (!strcmp(de->d_name, ".") || !strcmp(de->d_name, "..")) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // We set the first name we find here
+        if (bdev_next.empty()) {
+            bdev_next = de->d_name;
+        }
+        num_leaves++;
+    }
+
+    // if we have more than one leaves, we return immediately. We can't continue to create the
+    // file since we don't know how to write it out using fiemap, so it will be readable via the
+    // underlying block devices later. The reader will also have to construct the same device mapper
+    // target in order read the file out.
+    if (num_leaves > 1) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Found " << num_leaves << " leaf block devices under device mapper device "
+                   << bdev;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // recursively call with the block device we found in order to pop the device mapper stack.
+    return DeviceMapperStackPop(bdev_next, bdev_raw);
+}
+
+static bool FileToBlockDevicePath(const std::string& file_path, std::string* bdev_path) {
+    struct stat sb;
+    if (stat(file_path.c_str(), &sb)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get stat for: " << file_path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::string bdev;
+    if (!BlockDeviceToName(major(sb.st_dev), minor(sb.st_dev), &bdev)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get block device name for " << major(sb.st_dev) << ":"
+                   << minor(sb.st_dev);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::string bdev_raw;
+    if (!DeviceMapperStackPop(bdev, &bdev_raw)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get the bottom of the device mapper stack for device: " << bdev;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "Popped device (" << bdev_raw << ") from device mapper stack starting with ("
+               << bdev << ")";
+
+    *bdev_path = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/dev/block/%s", bdev_raw.c_str());
+
+    // Make sure we are talking to a block device before calling it a success.
+    if (stat(bdev_path->c_str(), &sb)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get stat for block device: " << *bdev_path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if ((sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFBLK) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "File: " << *bdev_path << " is not a block device";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool GetBlockDeviceSize(int bdev_fd, const std::string& bdev_path, uint64_t* bdev_size) {
+    uint64_t size_in_bytes = 0;
+    if (ioctl(bdev_fd, BLKGETSIZE64, &size_in_bytes)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get total size for: " << bdev_path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    *bdev_size = size_in_bytes;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static uint64_t GetFileSize(const std::string& file_path) {
+    struct stat sb;
+    if (stat(file_path.c_str(), &sb)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get size for file: " << file_path;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return sb.st_size;
+}
+
+static bool PerformFileChecks(const std::string& file_path, uint64_t file_size, uint64_t* blocksz,
+                              uint32_t* fs_type) {
+    struct statfs64 sfs;
+    if (statfs64(file_path.c_str(), &sfs)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read file system status at: " << file_path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (file_size % sfs.f_bsize) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "File size " << file_size << " is not aligned to optimal block size "
+                   << sfs.f_bsize << " for file " << file_path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Check if the filesystem is of supported types.
+    // Only ext4 and f2fs are tested and supported.
+    if ((sfs.f_type != EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC) && (sfs.f_type != F2FS_SUPER_MAGIC)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Unsupported file system type: 0x" << std::hex << sfs.f_type;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t available_bytes = sfs.f_bsize * sfs.f_bavail;
+    if (available_bytes <= file_size) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Not enough free space in file system to create file of size : " << file_size;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    *blocksz = sfs.f_bsize;
+    *fs_type = sfs.f_type;
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool AllocateFile(int file_fd, const std::string& file_path, uint64_t blocksz,
+                         uint64_t file_size, std::function<bool(uint64_t, uint64_t)> on_progress) {
+    // Reserve space for the file on the file system and write it out to make sure the extents
+    // don't come back unwritten. Return from this function with the kernel file offset set to 0.
+    // If the filesystem is f2fs, then we also PIN the file on disk to make sure the blocks
+    // aren't moved around.
+    if (fallocate(file_fd, FALLOC_FL_ZERO_RANGE, 0, file_size)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to allocate space for file: " << file_path << " size: " << file_size;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // write zeroes in 'blocksz' byte increments until we reach file_size to make sure the data
+    // blocks are actually written to by the file system and thus getting rid of the holes in the
+    // file.
+    auto buffer = std::unique_ptr<void, decltype(&free)>(calloc(1, blocksz), free);
+    if (buffer == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "failed to allocate memory for writing file";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    off64_t offset = lseek64(file_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
+    if (offset < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to seek at the beginning of : " << file_path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    int permille = -1;
+    for (; offset < file_size; offset += blocksz) {
+        if (!::android::base::WriteFully(file_fd, buffer.get(), blocksz)) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write" << blocksz << " bytes at offset" << offset
+                        << " in file " << file_path;
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Don't invoke the callback every iteration - wait until a significant
+        // chunk (here, 1/1000th) of the data has been processed.
+        int new_permille = (static_cast<uint64_t>(offset) * 1000) / file_size;
+        if (new_permille != permille) {
+            if (on_progress && !on_progress(offset, file_size)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            permille = new_permille;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (lseek64(file_fd, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to reset offset at the beginning of : " << file_path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // flush all writes here ..
+    if (fsync(file_fd)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to synchronize written file:" << file_path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Send one last progress notification.
+    if (on_progress && !on_progress(file_size, file_size)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool PinFile(int file_fd, const std::string& file_path, uint32_t fs_type) {
+    if (fs_type == EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC) {
+        // No pinning necessary for ext4. The blocks, once allocated, are expected
+        // to be fixed.
+        return true;
+    }
+
+// F2FS-specific ioctl
+// It requires the below kernel commit merged in v4.16-rc1.
+//   1ad71a27124c ("f2fs: add an ioctl to disable GC for specific file")
+// In android-4.4,
+//   56ee1e817908 ("f2fs: updates on v4.16-rc1")
+// In android-4.9,
+//   2f17e34672a8 ("f2fs: updates on v4.16-rc1")
+// In android-4.14,
+//   ce767d9a55bc ("f2fs: updates on v4.16-rc1")
+#ifndef F2FS_IOC_SET_PIN_FILE
+#ifndef F2FS_IOCTL_MAGIC
+#define F2FS_IOCTL_MAGIC 0xf5
+#endif
+#define F2FS_IOC_SET_PIN_FILE _IOW(F2FS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 13, __u32)
+#endif
+
+    uint32_t pin_status = 1;
+    int error = ioctl(file_fd, F2FS_IOC_SET_PIN_FILE, &pin_status);
+    if (error < 0) {
+        if ((errno == ENOTTY) || (errno == ENOTSUP)) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to pin file, not supported by kernel: " << file_path;
+        } else {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to pin file: " << file_path;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool IsFilePinned(int file_fd, const std::string& file_path, uint32_t fs_type) {
+    if (fs_type == EXT4_SUPER_MAGIC) {
+        // No pinning necessary for ext4. The blocks, once allocated, are expected
+        // to be fixed.
+        return true;
+    }
+
+// F2FS-specific ioctl
+// It requires the below kernel commit merged in v4.16-rc1.
+//   1ad71a27124c ("f2fs: add an ioctl to disable GC for specific file")
+// In android-4.4,
+//   56ee1e817908 ("f2fs: updates on v4.16-rc1")
+// In android-4.9,
+//   2f17e34672a8 ("f2fs: updates on v4.16-rc1")
+// In android-4.14,
+//   ce767d9a55bc ("f2fs: updates on v4.16-rc1")
+#ifndef F2FS_IOC_GET_PIN_FILE
+#ifndef F2FS_IOCTL_MAGIC
+#define F2FS_IOCTL_MAGIC 0xf5
+#endif
+#define F2FS_IOC_GET_PIN_FILE _IOR(F2FS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 14, __u32)
+#endif
+
+    // F2FS_IOC_GET_PIN_FILE returns the number of blocks moved.
+    uint32_t moved_blocks_nr;
+    int error = ioctl(file_fd, F2FS_IOC_GET_PIN_FILE, &moved_blocks_nr);
+    if (error < 0) {
+        if ((errno == ENOTTY) || (errno == ENOTSUP)) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get file pin status, not supported by kernel: " << file_path;
+        } else {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get file pin status: " << file_path;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (moved_blocks_nr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << moved_blocks_nr << " blocks moved in file " << file_path;
+    }
+    return moved_blocks_nr == 0;
+}
+
+static void LogExtent(uint32_t num, const struct fiemap_extent& ext) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "Extent #" << num;
+    LOG(INFO) << "  fe_logical:  " << ext.fe_logical;
+    LOG(INFO) << "  fe_physical: " << ext.fe_physical;
+    LOG(INFO) << "  fe_length:   " << ext.fe_length;
+    LOG(INFO) << "  fe_flags:    0x" << std::hex << ext.fe_flags;
+}
+
+static bool ReadFiemap(int file_fd, const std::string& file_path,
+                       std::vector<struct fiemap_extent>* extents) {
+    uint64_t fiemap_size =
+            sizeof(struct fiemap_extent) + kMaxExtents * sizeof(struct fiemap_extent);
+    auto buffer = std::unique_ptr<void, decltype(&free)>(calloc(1, fiemap_size), free);
+    if (buffer == nullptr) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to allocate memory for fiemap";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    struct fiemap* fiemap = reinterpret_cast<struct fiemap*>(buffer.get());
+    fiemap->fm_start = 0;
+    fiemap->fm_length = UINT64_MAX;
+    // make sure file is synced to disk before we read the fiemap
+    fiemap->fm_flags = FIEMAP_FLAG_SYNC;
+    fiemap->fm_extent_count = kMaxExtents;
+
+    if (ioctl(file_fd, FS_IOC_FIEMAP, fiemap)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get FIEMAP from the kernel for file: " << file_path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (fiemap->fm_mapped_extents == 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "File " << file_path << " has zero extents";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Iterate through each extent read and make sure its valid before adding it to the vector
+    bool last_extent_seen = false;
+    struct fiemap_extent* extent = &fiemap->fm_extents[0];
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < fiemap->fm_mapped_extents; i++, extent++) {
+        // LogExtent(i + 1, *extent);
+        if (extent->fe_flags & kUnsupportedExtentFlags) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Extent " << i + 1 << " of file " << file_path
+                       << " has unsupported flags";
+            extents->clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (extent->fe_flags & FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST) {
+            last_extent_seen = true;
+            if (i != (fiemap->fm_mapped_extents - 1)) {
+                LOG(WARNING) << "Extents are being received out-of-order";
+            }
+        }
+        extents->emplace_back(std::move(*extent));
+    }
+
+    if (!last_extent_seen) {
+        // The file is possibly too fragmented.
+        if (fiemap->fm_mapped_extents == kMaxExtents) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "File is too fragmented, needs more than " << kMaxExtents << " extents.";
+        }
+        extents->clear();
+    }
+
+    return last_extent_seen;
+}
+
+FiemapUniquePtr FiemapWriter::Open(const std::string& file_path, uint64_t file_size, bool create,
+                                   std::function<bool(uint64_t, uint64_t)> progress) {
+    // if 'create' is false, open an existing file and do not truncate.
+    int open_flags = O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC;
+    if (create) {
+        if (access(file_path.c_str(), F_OK) == 0) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "File " << file_path << " already exists, truncating";
+        }
+        open_flags |= O_CREAT | O_TRUNC;
+    }
+    ::android::base::unique_fd file_fd(
+            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(file_path.c_str(), open_flags, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)));
+    if (file_fd < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to create file at: " << file_path;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    std::string abs_path;
+    if (!::android::base::Realpath(file_path, &abs_path)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Invalid file path: " << file_path;
+        cleanup(file_path, create);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    std::string bdev_path;
+    if (!FileToBlockDevicePath(abs_path, &bdev_path)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get block dev path for file: " << file_path;
+        cleanup(abs_path, create);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    ::android::base::unique_fd bdev_fd(
+            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(bdev_path.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    if (bdev_fd < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open block device: " << bdev_path;
+        cleanup(file_path, create);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t bdevsz;
+    if (!GetBlockDeviceSize(bdev_fd, bdev_path, &bdevsz)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get block device size for : " << bdev_path;
+        cleanup(file_path, create);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (!create) {
+        file_size = GetFileSize(abs_path);
+        if (file_size == 0) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Invalid file size of zero bytes for file: " << abs_path;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    uint64_t blocksz;
+    uint32_t fs_type;
+    if (!PerformFileChecks(abs_path, file_size, &blocksz, &fs_type)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to validate file or file system for file:" << abs_path;
+        cleanup(abs_path, create);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (create) {
+        if (!AllocateFile(file_fd, abs_path, blocksz, file_size, std::move(progress))) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to allocate file: " << abs_path << " of size: " << file_size
+                       << " bytes";
+            cleanup(abs_path, create);
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // f2fs may move the file blocks around.
+    if (!PinFile(file_fd, abs_path, fs_type)) {
+        cleanup(abs_path, create);
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to pin the file in storage";
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // now allocate the FiemapWriter and start setting it up
+    FiemapUniquePtr fmap(new FiemapWriter());
+    if (!ReadFiemap(file_fd, abs_path, &fmap->extents_)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read fiemap of file: " << abs_path;
+        cleanup(abs_path, create);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    fmap->file_path_ = abs_path;
+    fmap->bdev_path_ = bdev_path;
+    fmap->file_fd_ = std::move(file_fd);
+    fmap->bdev_fd_ = std::move(bdev_fd);
+    fmap->file_size_ = file_size;
+    fmap->bdev_size_ = bdevsz;
+    fmap->fs_type_ = fs_type;
+    fmap->block_size_ = blocksz;
+
+    LOG(INFO) << "Successfully created FiemapWriter for file " << abs_path << " on block device "
+              << bdev_path;
+    return fmap;
+}
+
+bool FiemapWriter::Flush() const {
+    if (fsync(bdev_fd_)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to flush " << bdev_path_ << " with fsync";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// TODO: Test with fs block_size > bdev block_size
+bool FiemapWriter::Write(off64_t off, uint8_t* buffer, uint64_t size) {
+    if (!size || size > file_size_) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed write: size " << size << " is invalid for file's size " << file_size_;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (off + size > file_size_) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed write: Invalid offset " << off << " or size " << size
+                   << " for file size " << file_size_;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if ((off & (block_size_ - 1)) || (size & (block_size_ - 1))) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed write: Unaligned offset " << off << " or size " << size
+                   << " for block size " << block_size_;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!IsFilePinned(file_fd_, file_path_, fs_type_)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed write: file " << file_path_ << " is not pinned";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // find extents that must be written to and then write one at a time.
+    uint32_t num_extent = 1;
+    uint32_t buffer_offset = 0;
+    for (auto& extent : extents_) {
+        uint64_t e_start = extent.fe_logical;
+        uint64_t e_end = extent.fe_logical + extent.fe_length;
+        // Do we write in this extent ?
+        if (off >= e_start && off < e_end) {
+            uint64_t written = WriteExtent(extent, buffer + buffer_offset, off, size);
+            if (written == 0) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            buffer_offset += written;
+            off += written;
+            size -= written;
+
+            // Paranoid check to make sure we are done with this extent now
+            if (size && (off >= e_start && off < e_end)) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write extent fully";
+                LogExtent(num_extent, extent);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (size == 0) {
+                // done
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        num_extent++;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool FiemapWriter::Read(off64_t off, uint8_t* buffer, uint64_t size) {
+    return false;
+}
+
+// private helpers
+
+// WriteExtent() Returns the total number of bytes written. It will always be multiple of
+// block_size_. 0 is returned in one of the two cases.
+//  1. Any write failed between logical_off & logical_off + length.
+//  2. The logical_offset + length doesn't overlap with the extent passed.
+// The function can either partially for fully write the extent depending on the
+// logical_off + length. It is expected that alignment checks for size and offset are
+// performed before calling into this function.
+uint64_t FiemapWriter::WriteExtent(const struct fiemap_extent& ext, uint8_t* buffer,
+                                   off64_t logical_off, uint64_t length) {
+    uint64_t e_start = ext.fe_logical;
+    uint64_t e_end = ext.fe_logical + ext.fe_length;
+    if (logical_off < e_start || logical_off >= e_end) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed write extent, invalid offset " << logical_off << " and size "
+                   << length;
+        LogExtent(0, ext);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    off64_t bdev_offset = ext.fe_physical + (logical_off - e_start);
+    if (bdev_offset >= bdev_size_) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed write extent, invalid block # " << bdev_offset << " for block device "
+                   << bdev_path_ << " of size " << bdev_size_ << " bytes";
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(lseek64(bdev_fd_, bdev_offset, SEEK_SET)) == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed write extent, seek offset for " << bdev_path_ << " offset "
+                    << bdev_offset;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // Determine how much we want to write at once.
+    uint64_t logical_end = logical_off + length;
+    uint64_t write_size = (e_end <= logical_end) ? (e_end - logical_off) : length;
+    if (!android::base::WriteFully(bdev_fd_, buffer, write_size)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed write extent, write " << bdev_path_ << " at " << bdev_offset
+                    << " size " << write_size;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return write_size;
+}
+
+}  // namespace fiemap_writer
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/fiemap_writer_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/fiemap_writer_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5101537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/fiemap_writer_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <libdm/loop_control.h>
+
+#include <libfiemap_writer/fiemap_writer.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace android::fiemap_writer;
+using unique_fd = android::base::unique_fd;
+using LoopDevice = android::dm::LoopDevice;
+
+std::string testbdev = "";
+uint64_t testfile_size = 536870912;  // default of 512MiB
+
+class FiemapWriterTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        const ::testing::TestInfo* tinfo = ::testing::UnitTest::GetInstance()->current_test_info();
+        std::string exec_dir = ::android::base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+        testfile = ::android::base::StringPrintf("%s/testdata/%s", exec_dir.c_str(), tinfo->name());
+    }
+
+    // name of the file we use for testing
+    std::string testfile;
+};
+
+TEST_F(FiemapWriterTest, CreateImpossiblyLargeFile) {
+    // Try creating a file of size ~100TB but aligned to
+    // 512 byte to make sure block alignment tests don't
+    // fail.
+    FiemapUniquePtr fptr = FiemapWriter::Open(testfile, 1099511627997184);
+    EXPECT_EQ(fptr, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(access(testfile.c_str(), F_OK), -1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(errno, ENOENT);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FiemapWriterTest, CreateUnalignedFile) {
+    // Try creating a file of size 4097 bytes which is guaranteed
+    // to be unaligned to all known block sizes. The creation must
+    // fail.
+    FiemapUniquePtr fptr = FiemapWriter::Open(testfile, 4097);
+    EXPECT_EQ(fptr, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(access(testfile.c_str(), F_OK), -1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(errno, ENOENT);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FiemapWriterTest, CheckFilePath) {
+    FiemapUniquePtr fptr = FiemapWriter::Open(testfile, 4096);
+    ASSERT_NE(fptr, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(fptr->size(), 4096);
+    EXPECT_EQ(fptr->file_path(), testfile);
+    EXPECT_EQ(access(testfile.c_str(), F_OK), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FiemapWriterTest, CheckProgress) {
+    std::vector<uint64_t> expected{
+            0,
+            4096,
+    };
+    size_t invocations = 0;
+    auto callback = [&](uint64_t done, uint64_t total) -> bool {
+        EXPECT_LT(invocations, expected.size());
+        EXPECT_EQ(done, expected[invocations]);
+        EXPECT_EQ(total, 4096);
+        invocations++;
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    auto ptr = FiemapWriter::Open(testfile, 4096, true, std::move(callback));
+    EXPECT_NE(ptr, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(invocations, 2);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FiemapWriterTest, CheckBlockDevicePath) {
+    FiemapUniquePtr fptr = FiemapWriter::Open(testfile, 4096);
+    EXPECT_EQ(fptr->size(), 4096);
+    EXPECT_EQ(fptr->bdev_path(), testbdev);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FiemapWriterTest, CheckFileCreated) {
+    FiemapUniquePtr fptr = FiemapWriter::Open(testfile, 32768);
+    ASSERT_NE(fptr, nullptr);
+    unique_fd fd(open(testfile.c_str(), O_RDONLY));
+    EXPECT_GT(fd, -1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FiemapWriterTest, CheckFileSizeActual) {
+    FiemapUniquePtr fptr = FiemapWriter::Open(testfile, testfile_size);
+    ASSERT_NE(fptr, nullptr);
+
+    struct stat sb;
+    ASSERT_EQ(stat(testfile.c_str(), &sb), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(sb.st_size, testfile_size);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FiemapWriterTest, CheckFileExtents) {
+    FiemapUniquePtr fptr = FiemapWriter::Open(testfile, testfile_size);
+    ASSERT_NE(fptr, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_GT(fptr->extents().size(), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(FiemapWriterTest, CheckWriteError) {
+    FiemapUniquePtr fptr = FiemapWriter::Open(testfile, testfile_size);
+    ASSERT_NE(fptr, nullptr);
+
+    // prepare buffer for writing the pattern - 0xa0
+    uint64_t blocksize = fptr->block_size();
+    auto buffer = std::unique_ptr<void, decltype(&free)>(calloc(1, blocksize), free);
+    ASSERT_NE(buffer, nullptr);
+    memset(buffer.get(), 0xa0, blocksize);
+
+    uint8_t* p = static_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer.get());
+    for (off64_t off = 0; off < testfile_size; off += blocksize) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(fptr->Write(off, p, blocksize));
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(fptr->Flush());
+}
+
+class TestExistingFile : public ::testing::Test {
+  protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        std::string exec_dir = ::android::base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+        std::string unaligned_file = exec_dir + "/testdata/unaligned_file";
+        std::string file_4k = exec_dir + "/testdata/file_4k";
+        std::string file_32k = exec_dir + "/testdata/file_32k";
+        fptr_unaligned = FiemapWriter::Open(unaligned_file, 4097, false);
+        fptr_4k = FiemapWriter::Open(file_4k, 4096, false);
+        fptr_32k = FiemapWriter::Open(file_32k, 32768, false);
+    }
+
+    FiemapUniquePtr fptr_unaligned;
+    FiemapUniquePtr fptr_4k;
+    FiemapUniquePtr fptr_32k;
+};
+
+TEST_F(TestExistingFile, ErrorChecks) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(fptr_unaligned, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_NE(fptr_4k, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_NE(fptr_32k, nullptr);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(fptr_4k->size(), 4096);
+    EXPECT_EQ(fptr_32k->size(), 32768);
+    EXPECT_GT(fptr_4k->extents().size(), 0);
+    EXPECT_GT(fptr_32k->extents().size(), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(TestExistingFile, CheckWriteError) {
+    ASSERT_NE(fptr_4k, nullptr);
+    // prepare buffer for writing the pattern - 0xa0
+    uint64_t blocksize = fptr_4k->block_size();
+    auto buff_4k = std::unique_ptr<void, decltype(&free)>(calloc(1, blocksize), free);
+    ASSERT_NE(buff_4k, nullptr);
+    memset(buff_4k.get(), 0xa0, blocksize);
+
+    uint8_t* p = static_cast<uint8_t*>(buff_4k.get());
+    for (off64_t off = 0; off < 4096; off += blocksize) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(fptr_4k->Write(off, p, blocksize));
+    }
+    EXPECT_TRUE(fptr_4k->Flush());
+
+    ASSERT_NE(fptr_32k, nullptr);
+    // prepare buffer for writing the pattern - 0xa0
+    blocksize = fptr_32k->block_size();
+    auto buff_32k = std::unique_ptr<void, decltype(&free)>(calloc(1, blocksize), free);
+    ASSERT_NE(buff_32k, nullptr);
+    memset(buff_32k.get(), 0xa0, blocksize);
+    p = static_cast<uint8_t*>(buff_32k.get());
+    for (off64_t off = 0; off < 4096; off += blocksize) {
+        ASSERT_TRUE(fptr_32k->Write(off, p, blocksize));
+    }
+    EXPECT_TRUE(fptr_32k->Flush());
+}
+
+class VerifyBlockWritesExt4 : public ::testing::Test {
+    // 2GB Filesystem and 4k block size by default
+    static constexpr uint64_t block_size = 4096;
+    static constexpr uint64_t fs_size = 2147483648;
+
+  protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        fs_path = std::string(getenv("TMPDIR")) + "/ext4_2G.img";
+        uint64_t count = fs_size / block_size;
+        std::string dd_cmd =
+                ::android::base::StringPrintf("/system/bin/dd if=/dev/zero of=%s bs=%" PRIu64
+                                              " count=%" PRIu64 " > /dev/null 2>&1",
+                                              fs_path.c_str(), block_size, count);
+        std::string mkfs_cmd =
+                ::android::base::StringPrintf("/system/bin/mkfs.ext4 -q %s", fs_path.c_str());
+        // create mount point
+        mntpoint = std::string(getenv("TMPDIR")) + "/fiemap_mnt";
+        ASSERT_EQ(mkdir(mntpoint.c_str(), S_IRWXU), 0);
+        // create file for the file system
+        int ret = system(dd_cmd.c_str());
+        ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+        // Get and attach a loop device to the filesystem we created
+        LoopDevice loop_dev(fs_path);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(loop_dev.valid());
+        // create file system
+        ret = system(mkfs_cmd.c_str());
+        ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+        // mount the file system
+        ASSERT_EQ(mount(loop_dev.device().c_str(), mntpoint.c_str(), "ext4", 0, nullptr), 0);
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override {
+        umount(mntpoint.c_str());
+        rmdir(mntpoint.c_str());
+        unlink(fs_path.c_str());
+    }
+
+    std::string mntpoint;
+    std::string fs_path;
+};
+
+TEST_F(VerifyBlockWritesExt4, CheckWrites) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(access(fs_path.c_str(), F_OK), 0);
+
+    std::string file_path = mntpoint + "/testfile";
+    uint64_t file_size = 100 * 1024 * 1024;
+    auto buffer = std::unique_ptr<void, decltype(&free)>(calloc(1, getpagesize()), free);
+    ASSERT_NE(buffer, nullptr);
+    memset(buffer.get(), 0xa0, getpagesize());
+    {
+        // scoped fiemap writer
+        FiemapUniquePtr fptr = FiemapWriter::Open(file_path, file_size);
+        ASSERT_NE(fptr, nullptr);
+        uint8_t* p = static_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer.get());
+        for (off64_t off = 0; off < file_size / getpagesize(); off += getpagesize()) {
+            ASSERT_TRUE(fptr->Write(off, p, getpagesize()));
+        }
+        EXPECT_TRUE(fptr->Flush());
+    }
+    // unmount file system here to make sure we invalidated all page cache and
+    // remount the filesystem again for verification
+    ASSERT_EQ(umount(mntpoint.c_str()), 0);
+
+    LoopDevice loop_dev(fs_path);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(loop_dev.valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mount(loop_dev.device().c_str(), mntpoint.c_str(), "ext4", 0, nullptr), 0)
+            << "failed to mount: " << loop_dev.device() << " on " << mntpoint << ": "
+            << strerror(errno);
+
+    ::android::base::unique_fd fd(open(file_path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_SYNC));
+    ASSERT_NE(fd, -1);
+    auto filebuf = std::unique_ptr<void, decltype(&free)>(calloc(1, getpagesize()), free);
+    ASSERT_NE(filebuf, nullptr);
+    for (off64_t off = 0; off < file_size / getpagesize(); off += getpagesize()) {
+        memset(filebuf.get(), 0x00, getpagesize());
+        ASSERT_EQ(pread64(fd, filebuf.get(), getpagesize(), off), getpagesize());
+        ASSERT_EQ(memcmp(filebuf.get(), buffer.get(), getpagesize()), 0)
+                << "Invalid pattern at offset: " << off << " size " << getpagesize();
+    }
+}
+
+class VerifyBlockWritesF2fs : public ::testing::Test {
+    // 2GB Filesystem and 4k block size by default
+    static constexpr uint64_t block_size = 4096;
+    static constexpr uint64_t fs_size = 2147483648;
+
+  protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        fs_path = std::string(getenv("TMPDIR")) + "/f2fs_2G.img";
+        uint64_t count = fs_size / block_size;
+        std::string dd_cmd =
+                ::android::base::StringPrintf("/system/bin/dd if=/dev/zero of=%s bs=%" PRIu64
+                                              " count=%" PRIu64 " > /dev/null 2>&1",
+                                              fs_path.c_str(), block_size, count);
+        std::string mkfs_cmd =
+                ::android::base::StringPrintf("/system/bin/make_f2fs -q %s", fs_path.c_str());
+        // create mount point
+        mntpoint = std::string(getenv("TMPDIR")) + "/fiemap_mnt";
+        ASSERT_EQ(mkdir(mntpoint.c_str(), S_IRWXU), 0);
+        // create file for the file system
+        int ret = system(dd_cmd.c_str());
+        ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+        // Get and attach a loop device to the filesystem we created
+        LoopDevice loop_dev(fs_path);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(loop_dev.valid());
+        // create file system
+        ret = system(mkfs_cmd.c_str());
+        ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+        // mount the file system
+        ASSERT_EQ(mount(loop_dev.device().c_str(), mntpoint.c_str(), "f2fs", 0, nullptr), 0);
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override {
+        umount(mntpoint.c_str());
+        rmdir(mntpoint.c_str());
+        unlink(fs_path.c_str());
+    }
+
+    std::string mntpoint;
+    std::string fs_path;
+};
+
+TEST_F(VerifyBlockWritesF2fs, CheckWrites) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(access(fs_path.c_str(), F_OK), 0);
+
+    std::string file_path = mntpoint + "/testfile";
+    uint64_t file_size = 100 * 1024 * 1024;
+    auto buffer = std::unique_ptr<void, decltype(&free)>(calloc(1, getpagesize()), free);
+    ASSERT_NE(buffer, nullptr);
+    memset(buffer.get(), 0xa0, getpagesize());
+    {
+        // scoped fiemap writer
+        FiemapUniquePtr fptr = FiemapWriter::Open(file_path, file_size);
+        ASSERT_NE(fptr, nullptr);
+        uint8_t* p = static_cast<uint8_t*>(buffer.get());
+        for (off64_t off = 0; off < file_size / getpagesize(); off += getpagesize()) {
+            ASSERT_TRUE(fptr->Write(off, p, getpagesize()));
+        }
+        EXPECT_TRUE(fptr->Flush());
+    }
+    // unmount file system here to make sure we invalidated all page cache and
+    // remount the filesystem again for verification
+    ASSERT_EQ(umount(mntpoint.c_str()), 0);
+
+    LoopDevice loop_dev(fs_path);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(loop_dev.valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ(mount(loop_dev.device().c_str(), mntpoint.c_str(), "f2fs", 0, nullptr), 0)
+            << "failed to mount: " << loop_dev.device() << " on " << mntpoint << ": "
+            << strerror(errno);
+
+    ::android::base::unique_fd fd(open(file_path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_SYNC));
+    ASSERT_NE(fd, -1);
+    auto filebuf = std::unique_ptr<void, decltype(&free)>(calloc(1, getpagesize()), free);
+    ASSERT_NE(filebuf, nullptr);
+    for (off64_t off = 0; off < file_size / getpagesize(); off += getpagesize()) {
+        memset(filebuf.get(), 0x00, getpagesize());
+        ASSERT_EQ(pread64(fd, filebuf.get(), getpagesize(), off), getpagesize());
+        ASSERT_EQ(memcmp(filebuf.get(), buffer.get(), getpagesize()), 0)
+                << "Invalid pattern at offset: " << off << " size " << getpagesize();
+    }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    if (argc <= 1) {
+        cerr << "Filepath with its bdev path must be provided as follows:" << endl;
+        cerr << "  $ fiemap_writer_test </dev/block/XXXX" << endl;
+        cerr << "  where, /dev/block/XXX is the block device where the file resides" << endl;
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    ::android::base::InitLogging(argv, ::android::base::StderrLogger);
+
+    testbdev = argv[1];
+    if (argc > 2) {
+        testfile_size = strtoull(argv[2], NULL, 0);
+        if (testfile_size == ULLONG_MAX) {
+            testfile_size = 512 * 1024 * 1024;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/include/libfiemap_writer/fiemap_writer.h b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/include/libfiemap_writer/fiemap_writer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab78f93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/include/libfiemap_writer/fiemap_writer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <linux/fiemap.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fiemap_writer {
+
+class FiemapWriter;
+using FiemapUniquePtr = std::unique_ptr<FiemapWriter>;
+
+class FiemapWriter final {
+  public:
+    // Factory method for FiemapWriter.
+    // The method returns FiemapUniquePtr that contains all the data necessary to be able to write
+    // to the given file directly using raw block i/o. The optional progress callback will be
+    // invoked, if create is true, while the file is being initialized. It receives the bytes
+    // written and the number of total bytes. If the callback returns false, the operation will
+    // fail.
+    static FiemapUniquePtr Open(const std::string& file_path, uint64_t file_size,
+                                bool create = true,
+                                std::function<bool(uint64_t, uint64_t)> progress = {});
+
+    // Syncs block device writes.
+    bool Flush() const;
+
+    // Writes the file by using its FIEMAP and performing i/o on the raw block device.
+    // The return value is success / failure. This will happen in particular if the
+    // kernel write returns errors, extents are not writeable or more importantly, if the 'size' is
+    // not aligned to the block device's block size.
+    bool Write(off64_t off, uint8_t* buffer, uint64_t size);
+
+    // The counter part of Write(). It is an error for the offset to be unaligned with
+    // the block device's block size.
+    // In case of error, the contents of buffer MUST be discarded.
+    bool Read(off64_t off, uint8_t* buffer, uint64_t size);
+
+    ~FiemapWriter() = default;
+
+    const std::string& file_path() const { return file_path_; };
+    uint64_t size() const { return file_size_; };
+    const std::string& bdev_path() const { return bdev_path_; };
+    uint64_t block_size() const { return block_size_; };
+    const std::vector<struct fiemap_extent>& extents() { return extents_; };
+
+    // Non-copyable & Non-movable
+    FiemapWriter(const FiemapWriter&) = delete;
+    FiemapWriter& operator=(const FiemapWriter&) = delete;
+    FiemapWriter& operator=(FiemapWriter&&) = delete;
+    FiemapWriter(FiemapWriter&&) = delete;
+
+  private:
+    // Name of the file managed by this class.
+    std::string file_path_;
+    // Block device on which we have created the file.
+    std::string bdev_path_;
+
+    // File descriptors for the file and block device
+    ::android::base::unique_fd file_fd_;
+    ::android::base::unique_fd bdev_fd_;
+
+    // Size in bytes of the file this class is writing
+    uint64_t file_size_;
+
+    // total size in bytes of the block device
+    uint64_t bdev_size_;
+
+    // Filesystem type where the file is being created.
+    // See: <uapi/linux/magic.h> for filesystem magic numbers
+    uint32_t fs_type_;
+
+    // block size as reported by the kernel of the underlying block device;
+    uint64_t block_size_;
+
+    // This file's fiemap
+    std::vector<struct fiemap_extent> extents_;
+
+    FiemapWriter() = default;
+
+    uint64_t WriteExtent(const struct fiemap_extent& ext, uint8_t* buffer, off64_t logical_off,
+                         uint64_t length);
+};
+
+}  // namespace fiemap_writer
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/testdata/file_32k b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/testdata/file_32k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12f3be4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/testdata/file_32k
Binary files differ
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/testdata/file_4k b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/testdata/file_4k
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08e7df1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/testdata/file_4k
Binary files differ
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/testdata/unaligned_file b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/testdata/unaligned_file
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c107c26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfiemap_writer/testdata/unaligned_file
Binary files differ
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f368e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libfs_avb",
+    defaults: ["fs_mgr_defaults"],
+    recovery_available: true,
+    host_supported: true,
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    srcs: [
+        "avb_ops.cpp",
+        "avb_util.cpp",
+        "fs_avb.cpp",
+        "util.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libavb",
+        "libdm",
+        "libfstab",
+    ],
+    export_static_lib_headers: [
+        "libfstab",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libcrypto",
+    ],
+    header_libs: [
+        "libbase_headers",
+    ],
+    target: {
+        darwin: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libfs_avb_host_test_defaults",
+    required: [
+        "avbtool",
+    ],
+    data: [
+        "tests/data/*",
+    ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libgtest_host",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libchrome",
+    ],
+    target: {
+        darwin: {
+            enabled: false,
+        },
+    },
+    cflags: [
+        "-DHOST_TEST",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library_host_static {
+    name: "libfs_avb_test_util",
+    defaults: ["libfs_avb_host_test_defaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "tests/fs_avb_test_util.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test_host {
+    name: "libfs_avb_test",
+    defaults: ["libfs_avb_host_test_defaults"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libfs_avb_test_util",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "tests/basic_test.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test_host {
+    name: "libfs_avb_internal_test",
+    defaults: ["libfs_avb_host_test_defaults"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libfs_avb_test_util",
+        "libfstab",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "util.cpp",
+        "tests/util_test.cpp",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_ops.cpp
similarity index 80%
rename from fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp
rename to fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_ops.cpp
index 43879fe..3efa794 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_avb_ops.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_ops.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
  * SOFTWARE.
  */
 
-#include "fs_mgr_priv_avb_ops.h"
+#include "avb_ops.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -37,13 +37,17 @@
 #include <libavb/libavb.h>
 #include <utils/Compat.h>
 
-#include "fs_mgr.h"
-#include "fs_mgr_priv.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+using namespace std::literals;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
 
 static AvbIOResult read_from_partition(AvbOps* ops, const char* partition, int64_t offset,
                                        size_t num_bytes, void* buffer, size_t* out_num_read) {
     return FsManagerAvbOps::GetInstanceFromAvbOps(ops)->ReadFromPartition(
-        partition, offset, num_bytes, buffer, out_num_read);
+            partition, offset, num_bytes, buffer, out_num_read);
 }
 
 static AvbIOResult dummy_read_rollback_index(AvbOps* ops ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
@@ -56,9 +60,10 @@
 }
 
 static AvbIOResult dummy_validate_vbmeta_public_key(
-    AvbOps* ops ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, const uint8_t* public_key_data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
-    size_t public_key_length ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, const uint8_t* public_key_metadata ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
-    size_t public_key_metadata_length ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, bool* out_is_trusted) {
+        AvbOps* ops ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, const uint8_t* public_key_data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+        size_t public_key_length ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+        const uint8_t* public_key_metadata ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED,
+        size_t public_key_metadata_length ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED, bool* out_is_trusted) {
     // vbmeta public key has been checked in bootloader phase.
     // In user-space, returns true to pass the check.
     //
@@ -98,7 +103,7 @@
     return AVB_IO_RESULT_OK;
 }
 
-void FsManagerAvbOps::InitializeAvbOps() {
+FsManagerAvbOps::FsManagerAvbOps() {
     // We only need to provide the implementation of read_from_partition()
     // operation since that's all what is being used by the avb_slot_verify().
     // Other I/O operations are only required in bootloader but not in
@@ -116,34 +121,13 @@
     avb_ops_.user_data = this;
 }
 
-FsManagerAvbOps::FsManagerAvbOps(std::map<std::string, std::string>&& by_name_symlink_map)
-    : by_name_symlink_map_(std::move(by_name_symlink_map)) {
-    InitializeAvbOps();
-}
-
-FsManagerAvbOps::FsManagerAvbOps(const fstab& fstab) {
-    // Constructs the by-name symlink map for each fstab record.
-    // /dev/block/platform/soc.0/7824900.sdhci/by-name/system_a =>
-    // by_name_symlink_map_["system_a"] = "/dev/block/platform/soc.0/7824900.sdhci/by-name/system_a"
-    for (int i = 0; i < fstab.num_entries; i++) {
-        std::string partition_name = basename(fstab.recs[i].blk_device);
-        by_name_symlink_map_[partition_name] = fstab.recs[i].blk_device;
-    }
-    InitializeAvbOps();
-}
-
 AvbIOResult FsManagerAvbOps::ReadFromPartition(const char* partition, int64_t offset,
                                                size_t num_bytes, void* buffer,
                                                size_t* out_num_read) {
-    const auto iter = by_name_symlink_map_.find(partition);
-    if (iter == by_name_symlink_map_.end()) {
-        LERROR << "by-name symlink not found for partition: '" << partition << "'";
-        return AVB_IO_RESULT_ERROR_NO_SUCH_PARTITION;
-    }
-    std::string path = iter->second;
+    const std::string path = "/dev/block/by-name/"s + partition;
 
     // Ensures the device path (a symlink created by init) is ready to access.
-    if (!fs_mgr_wait_for_file(path, 1s)) {
+    if (!WaitForFile(path, 1s)) {
         return AVB_IO_RESULT_ERROR_NO_SUCH_PARTITION;
     }
 
@@ -186,14 +170,34 @@
 
 AvbSlotVerifyResult FsManagerAvbOps::AvbSlotVerify(const std::string& ab_suffix,
                                                    AvbSlotVerifyFlags flags,
-                                                   AvbSlotVerifyData** out_data) {
+                                                   std::vector<VBMetaData>* out_vbmeta_images) {
     // Invokes avb_slot_verify() to load and verify all vbmeta images.
     // Sets requested_partitions to nullptr as it's to copy the contents
     // of HASH partitions into handle>avb_slot_data_, which is not required as
     // fs_mgr only deals with HASHTREE partitions.
     const char* requested_partitions[] = {nullptr};
+
+    // Local resource to store vbmeta images from avb_slot_verify();
+    AvbSlotVerifyData* avb_slot_data;
+
     // The |hashtree_error_mode| field doesn't matter as it only
     // influences the generated kernel cmdline parameters.
-    return avb_slot_verify(&avb_ops_, requested_partitions, ab_suffix.c_str(), flags,
-                           AVB_HASHTREE_ERROR_MODE_RESTART_AND_INVALIDATE, out_data);
+    auto verify_result =
+            avb_slot_verify(&avb_ops_, requested_partitions, ab_suffix.c_str(), flags,
+                            AVB_HASHTREE_ERROR_MODE_RESTART_AND_INVALIDATE, &avb_slot_data);
+
+    if (!avb_slot_data) return verify_result;
+    // Copies avb_slot_data->vbmeta_images[].
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < avb_slot_data->num_vbmeta_images; i++) {
+        out_vbmeta_images->emplace_back(VBMetaData(avb_slot_data->vbmeta_images[i].vbmeta_data,
+                                                   avb_slot_data->vbmeta_images[i].vbmeta_size));
+    }
+
+    // Free the local resource.
+    avb_slot_verify_data_free(avb_slot_data);
+
+    return verify_result;
 }
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_avb_ops.h b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_ops.h
similarity index 82%
rename from fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_avb_ops.h
rename to fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_ops.h
index d1ef2e9..c0f12aa 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_avb_ops.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_ops.h
@@ -22,15 +22,16 @@
  * SOFTWARE.
  */
 
-#ifndef __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_AVB_OPS_H
-#define __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_AVB_OPS_H
+#pragma once
 
-#include <map>
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
+#include <fs_avb/fs_avb.h>
 #include <libavb/libavb.h>
 
-#include "fs_mgr.h"
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
 
 // This class provides C++ bindings to interact with libavb, a small
 // self-contained piece of code that's intended to be used in bootloaders.
@@ -42,12 +43,11 @@
 //     read and verify the metadata and store it into the out_data parameter.
 //     The caller MUST check the integrity of metadata against the
 //     androidboot.vbmeta.{hash_alg, size, digest} values from /proc/cmdline.
-//     e.g., see class FsManagerAvbVerifier for more details.
+//     e.g., see class AvbVerifier for more details.
 //
 class FsManagerAvbOps {
   public:
-    FsManagerAvbOps(const fstab& fstab);
-    FsManagerAvbOps(std::map<std::string, std::string>&& by_name_symlink_map);
+    FsManagerAvbOps();
 
     static FsManagerAvbOps* GetInstanceFromAvbOps(AvbOps* ops) {
         return reinterpret_cast<FsManagerAvbOps*>(ops->user_data);
@@ -57,12 +57,11 @@
                                   void* buffer, size_t* out_num_read);
 
     AvbSlotVerifyResult AvbSlotVerify(const std::string& ab_suffix, AvbSlotVerifyFlags flags,
-                                      AvbSlotVerifyData** out_data);
+                                      std::vector<VBMetaData>* out_vbmeta_images);
 
   private:
-    void InitializeAvbOps();
-
     AvbOps avb_ops_;
-    std::map<std::string, std::string> by_name_symlink_map_;
 };
-#endif /* __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_AVB_OPS_H */
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_util.cpp b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_util.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ceb6ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_util.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "avb_util.h"
+
+#include <array>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+#include "util.h"
+
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
+
+// Constructs dm-verity arguments for sending DM_TABLE_LOAD ioctl to kernel.
+// See the following link for more details:
+// https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/wikis/DMVerity
+bool ConstructVerityTable(const AvbHashtreeDescriptor& hashtree_desc, const std::string& salt,
+                          const std::string& root_digest, const std::string& blk_device,
+                          android::dm::DmTable* table) {
+    // Loads androidboot.veritymode from kernel cmdline.
+    std::string verity_mode;
+    if (!fs_mgr_get_boot_config("veritymode", &verity_mode)) {
+        verity_mode = "enforcing";  // Defaults to enforcing when it's absent.
+    }
+
+    // Converts veritymode to the format used in kernel.
+    std::string dm_verity_mode;
+    if (verity_mode == "enforcing") {
+        dm_verity_mode = "restart_on_corruption";
+    } else if (verity_mode == "logging") {
+        dm_verity_mode = "ignore_corruption";
+    } else if (verity_mode != "eio") {  // Default dm_verity_mode is eio.
+        LERROR << "Unknown androidboot.veritymode: " << verity_mode;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::ostringstream hash_algorithm;
+    hash_algorithm << hashtree_desc.hash_algorithm;
+
+    android::dm::DmTargetVerity target(0, hashtree_desc.image_size / 512,
+                                       hashtree_desc.dm_verity_version, blk_device, blk_device,
+                                       hashtree_desc.data_block_size, hashtree_desc.hash_block_size,
+                                       hashtree_desc.image_size / hashtree_desc.data_block_size,
+                                       hashtree_desc.tree_offset / hashtree_desc.hash_block_size,
+                                       hash_algorithm.str(), root_digest, salt);
+    if (hashtree_desc.fec_size > 0) {
+        target.UseFec(blk_device, hashtree_desc.fec_num_roots,
+                      hashtree_desc.fec_offset / hashtree_desc.data_block_size,
+                      hashtree_desc.fec_offset / hashtree_desc.data_block_size);
+    }
+    if (!dm_verity_mode.empty()) {
+        target.SetVerityMode(dm_verity_mode);
+    }
+    // Always use ignore_zero_blocks.
+    target.IgnoreZeroBlocks();
+
+    LINFO << "Built verity table: '" << target.GetParameterString() << "'";
+
+    return table->AddTarget(std::make_unique<android::dm::DmTargetVerity>(target));
+}
+
+bool HashtreeDmVeritySetup(FstabEntry* fstab_entry, const AvbHashtreeDescriptor& hashtree_desc,
+                           const std::string& salt, const std::string& root_digest,
+                           bool wait_for_verity_dev) {
+    android::dm::DmTable table;
+    if (!ConstructVerityTable(hashtree_desc, salt, root_digest, fstab_entry->blk_device, &table) ||
+        !table.valid()) {
+        LERROR << "Failed to construct verity table.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    table.set_readonly(true);
+
+    const std::string mount_point(basename(fstab_entry->mount_point.c_str()));
+    android::dm::DeviceMapper& dm = android::dm::DeviceMapper::Instance();
+    if (!dm.CreateDevice(mount_point, table)) {
+        LERROR << "Couldn't create verity device!";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::string dev_path;
+    if (!dm.GetDmDevicePathByName(mount_point, &dev_path)) {
+        LERROR << "Couldn't get verity device path!";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Marks the underlying block device as read-only.
+    SetBlockDeviceReadOnly(fstab_entry->blk_device);
+
+    // Updates fstab_rec->blk_device to verity device name.
+    fstab_entry->blk_device = dev_path;
+
+    // Makes sure we've set everything up properly.
+    if (wait_for_verity_dev && !WaitForFile(dev_path, 1s)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GetHashtreeDescriptor(const std::string& partition_name,
+                           const std::vector<VBMetaData>& vbmeta_images,
+                           AvbHashtreeDescriptor* out_hashtree_desc, std::string* out_salt,
+                           std::string* out_digest) {
+    bool found = false;
+    const uint8_t* desc_partition_name;
+
+    for (const auto& vbmeta : vbmeta_images) {
+        size_t num_descriptors;
+        std::unique_ptr<const AvbDescriptor* [], decltype(&avb_free)> descriptors(
+                avb_descriptor_get_all(vbmeta.data(), vbmeta.size(), &num_descriptors), avb_free);
+
+        if (!descriptors || num_descriptors < 1) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        for (size_t n = 0; n < num_descriptors && !found; n++) {
+            AvbDescriptor desc;
+            if (!avb_descriptor_validate_and_byteswap(descriptors[n], &desc)) {
+                LWARNING << "Descriptor[" << n << "] is invalid";
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (desc.tag == AVB_DESCRIPTOR_TAG_HASHTREE) {
+                desc_partition_name =
+                        (const uint8_t*)descriptors[n] + sizeof(AvbHashtreeDescriptor);
+                if (!avb_hashtree_descriptor_validate_and_byteswap(
+                            (AvbHashtreeDescriptor*)descriptors[n], out_hashtree_desc)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (out_hashtree_desc->partition_name_len != partition_name.length()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                // Notes that desc_partition_name is not NUL-terminated.
+                std::string hashtree_partition_name((const char*)desc_partition_name,
+                                                    out_hashtree_desc->partition_name_len);
+                if (hashtree_partition_name == partition_name) {
+                    found = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (found) break;
+    }
+
+    if (!found) {
+        LERROR << "Partition descriptor not found: " << partition_name.c_str();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const uint8_t* desc_salt = desc_partition_name + out_hashtree_desc->partition_name_len;
+    *out_salt = BytesToHex(desc_salt, out_hashtree_desc->salt_len);
+
+    const uint8_t* desc_digest = desc_salt + out_hashtree_desc->salt_len;
+    *out_digest = BytesToHex(desc_digest, out_hashtree_desc->root_digest_len);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_util.h b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b81e931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/avb_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <libavb/libavb.h>
+#include <libdm/dm.h>
+
+#include "fs_avb/fs_avb.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
+
+// AvbHashtreeDescriptor to dm-verity table setup.
+bool GetHashtreeDescriptor(const std::string& partition_name,
+                           const std::vector<VBMetaData>& vbmeta_images,
+                           AvbHashtreeDescriptor* out_hashtree_desc, std::string* out_salt,
+                           std::string* out_digest);
+
+bool ConstructVerityTable(const AvbHashtreeDescriptor& hashtree_desc, const std::string& salt,
+                          const std::string& root_digest, const std::string& blk_device,
+                          android::dm::DmTable* table);
+
+bool HashtreeDmVeritySetup(FstabEntry* fstab_entry, const AvbHashtreeDescriptor& hashtree_desc,
+                           const std::string& salt, const std::string& root_digest,
+                           bool wait_for_verity_dev);
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/fs_avb.cpp b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/fs_avb.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..957aa87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/fs_avb.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "fs_avb/fs_avb.h"
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <libgen.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <libavb/libavb.h>
+#include <libdm/dm.h>
+
+#include "avb_ops.h"
+#include "avb_util.h"
+#include "sha.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+using android::base::Basename;
+using android::base::ParseUint;
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
+
+template <typename Hasher>
+std::pair<size_t, bool> VerifyVbmetaDigest(const std::vector<VBMetaData>& vbmeta_images,
+                                           const uint8_t* expected_digest) {
+    size_t total_size = 0;
+    Hasher hasher;
+    for (const auto& vbmeta : vbmeta_images) {
+        hasher.update(vbmeta.data(), vbmeta.size());
+        total_size += vbmeta.size();
+    }
+
+    bool matched = (memcmp(hasher.finalize(), expected_digest, Hasher::DIGEST_SIZE) == 0);
+
+    return std::make_pair(total_size, matched);
+}
+
+// Reads the following values from kernel cmdline and provides the
+// VerifyVbmetaImages() to verify AvbSlotVerifyData.
+//   - androidboot.vbmeta.hash_alg
+//   - androidboot.vbmeta.size
+//   - androidboot.vbmeta.digest
+class AvbVerifier {
+  public:
+    // The factory method to return a unique_ptr<AvbVerifier>
+    static std::unique_ptr<AvbVerifier> Create();
+    bool VerifyVbmetaImages(const std::vector<VBMetaData>& vbmeta_images);
+
+  protected:
+    AvbVerifier() = default;
+
+  private:
+    enum HashAlgorithm {
+        kInvalid = 0,
+        kSHA256 = 1,
+        kSHA512 = 2,
+    };
+
+    HashAlgorithm hash_alg_;
+    uint8_t digest_[SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH];
+    size_t vbmeta_size_;
+};
+
+std::unique_ptr<AvbVerifier> AvbVerifier::Create() {
+    std::unique_ptr<AvbVerifier> avb_verifier(new AvbVerifier());
+    if (!avb_verifier) {
+        LERROR << "Failed to create unique_ptr<AvbVerifier>";
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    std::string value;
+    if (!fs_mgr_get_boot_config("vbmeta.size", &value) ||
+        !ParseUint(value.c_str(), &avb_verifier->vbmeta_size_)) {
+        LERROR << "Invalid hash size: " << value.c_str();
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Reads hash algorithm.
+    size_t expected_digest_size = 0;
+    std::string hash_alg;
+    fs_mgr_get_boot_config("vbmeta.hash_alg", &hash_alg);
+    if (hash_alg == "sha256") {
+        expected_digest_size = SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH * 2;
+        avb_verifier->hash_alg_ = kSHA256;
+    } else if (hash_alg == "sha512") {
+        expected_digest_size = SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH * 2;
+        avb_verifier->hash_alg_ = kSHA512;
+    } else {
+        LERROR << "Unknown hash algorithm: " << hash_alg.c_str();
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Reads digest.
+    std::string digest;
+    fs_mgr_get_boot_config("vbmeta.digest", &digest);
+    if (digest.size() != expected_digest_size) {
+        LERROR << "Unexpected digest size: " << digest.size()
+               << " (expected: " << expected_digest_size << ")";
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (!HexToBytes(avb_verifier->digest_, sizeof(avb_verifier->digest_), digest)) {
+        LERROR << "Hash digest contains non-hexidecimal character: " << digest.c_str();
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return avb_verifier;
+}
+
+bool AvbVerifier::VerifyVbmetaImages(const std::vector<VBMetaData>& vbmeta_images) {
+    if (vbmeta_images.empty()) {
+        LERROR << "No vbmeta images";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    size_t total_size = 0;
+    bool digest_matched = false;
+
+    if (hash_alg_ == kSHA256) {
+        std::tie(total_size, digest_matched) =
+                VerifyVbmetaDigest<SHA256Hasher>(vbmeta_images, digest_);
+    } else if (hash_alg_ == kSHA512) {
+        std::tie(total_size, digest_matched) =
+                VerifyVbmetaDigest<SHA512Hasher>(vbmeta_images, digest_);
+    }
+
+    if (total_size != vbmeta_size_) {
+        LERROR << "total vbmeta size mismatch: " << total_size << " (expected: " << vbmeta_size_
+               << ")";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!digest_matched) {
+        LERROR << "vbmeta digest mismatch";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+AvbUniquePtr AvbHandle::Open() {
+    bool is_device_unlocked = IsDeviceUnlocked();
+
+    AvbUniquePtr avb_handle(new AvbHandle());
+    if (!avb_handle) {
+        LERROR << "Failed to allocate AvbHandle";
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    FsManagerAvbOps avb_ops;
+    AvbSlotVerifyFlags flags = is_device_unlocked ? AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_FLAGS_ALLOW_VERIFICATION_ERROR
+                                                  : AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_FLAGS_NONE;
+    AvbSlotVerifyResult verify_result =
+            avb_ops.AvbSlotVerify(fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix(), flags, &avb_handle->vbmeta_images_);
+
+    // Only allow two verify results:
+    //   - AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_OK.
+    //   - AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_VERIFICATION (for UNLOCKED state).
+    //     If the device is UNLOCKED, i.e., |allow_verification_error| is true for
+    //     AvbSlotVerify(), then the following return values are all non-fatal:
+    //       * AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_VERIFICATION
+    //       * AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_PUBLIC_KEY_REJECTED
+    //       * AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_ROLLBACK_INDEX
+    //     The latter two results were checked by bootloader prior to start fs_mgr so
+    //     we just need to handle the first result here. See *dummy* operations in
+    //     FsManagerAvbOps and the comments in external/avb/libavb/avb_slot_verify.h
+    //     for more details.
+    switch (verify_result) {
+        case AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_OK:
+            avb_handle->status_ = kAvbHandleSuccess;
+            break;
+        case AVB_SLOT_VERIFY_RESULT_ERROR_VERIFICATION:
+            if (!is_device_unlocked) {
+                LERROR << "ERROR_VERIFICATION isn't allowed when the device is LOCKED";
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            avb_handle->status_ = kAvbHandleVerificationError;
+            break;
+        default:
+            LERROR << "avb_slot_verify failed, result: " << verify_result;
+            return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Sets the MAJOR.MINOR for init to set it into "ro.boot.avb_version".
+    avb_handle->avb_version_ = StringPrintf("%d.%d", AVB_VERSION_MAJOR, AVB_VERSION_MINOR);
+
+    // Checks whether FLAGS_VERIFICATION_DISABLED is set:
+    //   - Only the top-level vbmeta struct is read.
+    //   - vbmeta struct in other partitions are NOT processed, including AVB HASH descriptor(s)
+    //     and AVB HASHTREE descriptor(s).
+    AvbVBMetaImageHeader vbmeta_header;
+    avb_vbmeta_image_header_to_host_byte_order(
+            (AvbVBMetaImageHeader*)avb_handle->vbmeta_images_[0].data(), &vbmeta_header);
+    bool verification_disabled = ((AvbVBMetaImageFlags)vbmeta_header.flags &
+                                  AVB_VBMETA_IMAGE_FLAGS_VERIFICATION_DISABLED);
+
+    if (verification_disabled) {
+        avb_handle->status_ = kAvbHandleVerificationDisabled;
+    } else {
+        // Verifies vbmeta structs against the digest passed from bootloader in kernel cmdline.
+        std::unique_ptr<AvbVerifier> avb_verifier = AvbVerifier::Create();
+        if (!avb_verifier) {
+            LERROR << "Failed to create AvbVerifier";
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        if (!avb_verifier->VerifyVbmetaImages(avb_handle->vbmeta_images_)) {
+            LERROR << "VerifyVbmetaImages failed";
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // Checks whether FLAGS_HASHTREE_DISABLED is set.
+        bool hashtree_disabled = ((AvbVBMetaImageFlags)vbmeta_header.flags &
+                                  AVB_VBMETA_IMAGE_FLAGS_HASHTREE_DISABLED);
+        if (hashtree_disabled) {
+            avb_handle->status_ = kAvbHandleHashtreeDisabled;
+        }
+    }
+
+    LINFO << "Returning avb_handle with status: " << avb_handle->status_;
+    return avb_handle;
+}
+
+AvbHashtreeResult AvbHandle::SetUpAvbHashtree(FstabEntry* fstab_entry, bool wait_for_verity_dev) {
+    if (!fstab_entry || status_ == kAvbHandleUninitialized || vbmeta_images_.size() < 1) {
+        return AvbHashtreeResult::kFail;
+    }
+
+    if (status_ == kAvbHandleHashtreeDisabled || status_ == kAvbHandleVerificationDisabled) {
+        LINFO << "AVB HASHTREE disabled on: " << fstab_entry->mount_point;
+        return AvbHashtreeResult::kDisabled;
+    }
+
+    // Derives partition_name from blk_device to query the corresponding AVB HASHTREE descriptor
+    // to setup dm-verity. The partition_names in AVB descriptors are without A/B suffix.
+    std::string partition_name;
+    if (fstab_entry->fs_mgr_flags.logical) {
+        partition_name = fstab_entry->logical_partition_name;
+    } else {
+        partition_name = Basename(fstab_entry->blk_device);
+    }
+
+    if (fstab_entry->fs_mgr_flags.slot_select) {
+        auto ab_suffix = partition_name.rfind(fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix());
+        if (ab_suffix != std::string::npos) {
+            partition_name.erase(ab_suffix);
+        }
+    }
+
+    AvbHashtreeDescriptor hashtree_descriptor;
+    std::string salt;
+    std::string root_digest;
+    if (!GetHashtreeDescriptor(partition_name, vbmeta_images_, &hashtree_descriptor, &salt,
+                               &root_digest)) {
+        return AvbHashtreeResult::kFail;
+    }
+
+    // Converts HASHTREE descriptor to verity_table_params.
+    if (!HashtreeDmVeritySetup(fstab_entry, hashtree_descriptor, salt, root_digest,
+                               wait_for_verity_dev)) {
+        return AvbHashtreeResult::kFail;
+    }
+
+    return AvbHashtreeResult::kSuccess;
+}
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_avb.h b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/include/fs_avb/fs_avb.h
similarity index 62%
rename from fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_avb.h
rename to fs_mgr/libfs_avb/include/fs_avb/fs_avb.h
index 73a22c8..eca6984 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_avb.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/include/fs_avb/fs_avb.h
@@ -14,51 +14,72 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef __CORE_FS_MGR_AVB_H
-#define __CORE_FS_MGR_AVB_H
+#pragma once
 
-#include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
+#include <fstab/fstab.h>
 #include <libavb/libavb.h>
 
-#include "fs_mgr.h"
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
 
-enum class SetUpAvbHashtreeResult {
+enum class AvbHashtreeResult {
     kSuccess = 0,
     kFail,
     kDisabled,
 };
 
+class VBMetaData {
+  public:
+    // Constructors
+    VBMetaData() : vbmeta_ptr_(nullptr), vbmeta_size_(0){};
+
+    VBMetaData(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
+        : vbmeta_ptr_(new (std::nothrow) uint8_t[size]), vbmeta_size_(size) {
+        // The ownership of data is NOT transferred, i.e., the caller still
+        // needs to release the memory as we make a copy here.
+        memcpy(vbmeta_ptr_.get(), data, size * sizeof(uint8_t));
+    }
+
+    explicit VBMetaData(size_t size)
+        : vbmeta_ptr_(new (std::nothrow) uint8_t[size]), vbmeta_size_(size) {}
+
+    // Get methods for each data member.
+    const std::string& device_path() const { return device_path_; }
+    uint8_t* data() const { return vbmeta_ptr_.get(); }
+    const size_t& size() const { return vbmeta_size_; }
+
+    // Maximum size of a vbmeta data - 64 KiB.
+    static const size_t kMaxVBMetaSize = 64 * 1024;
+
+  private:
+    std::string device_path_;
+    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> vbmeta_ptr_;
+    size_t vbmeta_size_;
+};
+
 class FsManagerAvbOps;
 
-class FsManagerAvbHandle;
-using FsManagerAvbUniquePtr = std::unique_ptr<FsManagerAvbHandle>;
-
-using ByNameSymlinkMap = std::map<std::string, std::string>;
+class AvbHandle;
+using AvbUniquePtr = std::unique_ptr<AvbHandle>;
 
 // Provides a factory method to return a unique_ptr pointing to itself and the
 // SetUpAvbHashtree() function to extract dm-verity parameters from AVB HASHTREE
 // descriptors to load verity table into kernel through ioctl.
-class FsManagerAvbHandle {
+class AvbHandle {
   public:
-    // The factory method to return a FsManagerAvbUniquePtr that holds
+    // The factory method to return a AvbUniquePtr that holds
     // the verified AVB (external/avb) metadata of all verified partitions
-    // in avb_slot_data_.vbmeta_images[].
+    // in vbmeta_images_.
     //
     // The metadata is checked against the following values from /proc/cmdline.
     //   - androidboot.vbmeta.{hash_alg, size, digest}.
     //
     // A typical usage will be:
-    //   - FsManagerAvbUniquePtr handle = FsManagerAvbHandle::Open();
-    //
-    // There are two overloaded Open() functions with a single parameter.
-    // The argument can be a ByNameSymlinkMap describing the mapping from partition
-    // name to by-name symlink, or a fstab file to which the ByNameSymlinkMap is
-    // constructed from. e.g.,
-    //   - /dev/block/platform/soc.0/7824900.sdhci/by-name/system_a ->
-    //   - ByNameSymlinkMap["system_a"] = "/dev/block/platform/soc.0/7824900.sdhci/by-name/system_a"
+    //   - AvbUniquePtr handle = AvbHandle::Open();
     //
     // Possible return values:
     //   - nullptr: any error when reading and verifying the metadata,
@@ -82,8 +103,7 @@
     //   - a valid unique_ptr with status kAvbHandleSuccess: the metadata
     //     is verified and can be trusted.
     //
-    static FsManagerAvbUniquePtr Open(const fstab& fstab);
-    static FsManagerAvbUniquePtr Open(ByNameSymlinkMap&& by_name_symlink_map);
+    static AvbUniquePtr Open();
 
     // Sets up dm-verity on the given fstab entry.
     // The 'wait_for_verity_dev' parameter makes this function wait for the
@@ -95,21 +115,15 @@
     //     failed to get the HASHTREE descriptor, runtime error when set up
     //     device-mapper, etc.
     //   - kDisabled: hashtree is disabled.
-    SetUpAvbHashtreeResult SetUpAvbHashtree(fstab_rec* fstab_entry, bool wait_for_verity_dev);
+    AvbHashtreeResult SetUpAvbHashtree(FstabEntry* fstab_entry, bool wait_for_verity_dev);
 
     const std::string& avb_version() const { return avb_version_; }
 
-    FsManagerAvbHandle(const FsManagerAvbHandle&) = delete;             // no copy
-    FsManagerAvbHandle& operator=(const FsManagerAvbHandle&) = delete;  // no assignment
+    AvbHandle(const AvbHandle&) = delete;             // no copy
+    AvbHandle& operator=(const AvbHandle&) = delete;  // no assignment
 
-    FsManagerAvbHandle(FsManagerAvbHandle&&) noexcept = delete;             // no move
-    FsManagerAvbHandle& operator=(FsManagerAvbHandle&&) noexcept = delete;  // no move assignment
-
-    ~FsManagerAvbHandle() {
-        if (avb_slot_data_) {
-            avb_slot_verify_data_free(avb_slot_data_);
-        }
-    };
+    AvbHandle(AvbHandle&&) noexcept = delete;             // no move
+    AvbHandle& operator=(AvbHandle&&) noexcept = delete;  // no move assignment
 
   private:
     enum AvbHandleStatus {
@@ -120,12 +134,12 @@
         kAvbHandleVerificationError,
     };
 
-    FsManagerAvbHandle() : avb_slot_data_(nullptr), status_(kAvbHandleUninitialized) {}
-    static FsManagerAvbUniquePtr DoOpen(FsManagerAvbOps* avb_ops);
+    AvbHandle() : status_(kAvbHandleUninitialized) {}
 
-    AvbSlotVerifyData* avb_slot_data_;
+    std::vector<VBMetaData> vbmeta_images_;
     AvbHandleStatus status_;
     std::string avb_version_;
 };
 
-#endif /* __CORE_FS_MGR_AVB_H */
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_sha.h b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/sha.h
similarity index 92%
rename from fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_sha.h
rename to fs_mgr/libfs_avb/sha.h
index 5b53eea..2d3ca6d 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv_sha.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/sha.h
@@ -14,11 +14,13 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_SHA_H
-#define __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_SHA_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <openssl/sha.h>
 
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
+
 class SHA256Hasher {
   private:
     SHA256_CTX sha256_ctx;
@@ -59,4 +61,5 @@
     }
 };
 
-#endif /* __CORE_FS_MGR_PRIV_SHA_H */
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/basic_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/basic_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a1cd0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/basic_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "fs_avb_test_util.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <base/files/file_util.h>
+#include <base/strings/string_util.h>
+
+namespace fs_avb_host_test {
+
+TEST_F(BaseFsAvbTest, GenerateImage) {
+    const size_t image_size = 5 * 1024 * 1024;
+    base::FilePath boot_path = GenerateImage("boot.img", image_size);
+    EXPECT_NE(0U, boot_path.value().size());
+
+    // Checks file size is as expected.
+    int64_t file_size;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(base::GetFileSize(boot_path, &file_size));
+    EXPECT_EQ(file_size, image_size);
+
+    // Checks file content is as expected.
+    std::vector<uint8_t> expected_content;
+    expected_content.resize(image_size);
+    for (size_t n = 0; n < image_size; n++) {
+        expected_content[n] = uint8_t(n);
+    }
+    std::vector<uint8_t> actual_content;
+    actual_content.resize(image_size);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(
+            base::ReadFile(boot_path, reinterpret_cast<char*>(actual_content.data()), image_size));
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_content, actual_content);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BaseFsAvbTest, GenerateVBMetaImage) {
+    GenerateVBMetaImage("vbmeta.img", "SHA256_RSA2048", 0, data_dir_.Append("testkey_rsa2048.pem"),
+                        {}, /* include_descriptor_image_paths */
+                        {}, /* chain_partitions */
+                        "--internal_release_string \"unit test\"");
+    EXPECT_EQ("5eba9ad4e775645e7eac441a563c200681ae868158d06f6a6cd36d06c07bd781",
+              CalcVBMetaDigest("vbmeta.img", "sha256"));
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+            "Minimum libavb version:   1.0\n"
+            "Header Block:             256 bytes\n"
+            "Authentication Block:     320 bytes\n"
+            "Auxiliary Block:          576 bytes\n"
+            "Algorithm:                SHA256_RSA2048\n"
+            "Rollback Index:           0\n"
+            "Flags:                    0\n"
+            "Release String:           'unit test'\n"
+            "Descriptors:\n"
+            "    (none)\n",
+            InfoImage("vbmeta.img"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(BaseFsAvbTest, AddHashFooter) {
+    // Generates a raw boot.img
+    const size_t image_size = 5 * 1024 * 1024;
+    const size_t partition_size = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
+    base::FilePath boot_path = GenerateImage("boot.img", image_size);
+    EXPECT_NE(0U, boot_path.value().size());
+    // Checks file size is as expected.
+    int64_t file_size;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(base::GetFileSize(boot_path, &file_size));
+    EXPECT_EQ(file_size, image_size);
+    // Appends AVB Hash Footer.
+    AddAvbFooter(boot_path, "hash", "boot", partition_size, "SHA256_RSA4096", 10,
+                 data_dir_.Append("testkey_rsa4096.pem"), "d00df00d",
+                 "--internal_release_string \"unit test\"");
+    // Extracts boot vbmeta from boot.img into boot-vbmeta.img.
+    ExtractVBMetaImage(boot_path, "boot-vbmeta.img");
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+            "Minimum libavb version:   1.0\n"
+            "Header Block:             256 bytes\n"
+            "Authentication Block:     576 bytes\n"
+            "Auxiliary Block:          1216 bytes\n"
+            "Algorithm:                SHA256_RSA4096\n"
+            "Rollback Index:           10\n"
+            "Flags:                    0\n"
+            "Release String:           'unit test'\n"
+            "Descriptors:\n"
+            "    Hash descriptor:\n"
+            "      Image Size:            5242880 bytes\n"
+            "      Hash Algorithm:        sha256\n"
+            "      Partition Name:        boot\n"
+            "      Salt:                  d00df00d\n"
+            "      Digest:                "
+            "222dd01e98284a1fcd7781f85d1392e43a530511a64eff96db197db90ebc4df1\n"
+            "      Flags:                 0\n",
+            InfoImage("boot-vbmeta.img"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(BaseFsAvbTest, AddHashtreeFooter) {
+    // Generates a raw system.img
+    const size_t image_size = 50 * 1024 * 1024;
+    const size_t partition_size = 60 * 1024 * 1024;
+    base::FilePath system_path = GenerateImage("system.img", image_size);
+    EXPECT_NE(0U, system_path.value().size());
+    // Checks file size is as expected.
+    int64_t file_size;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(base::GetFileSize(system_path, &file_size));
+    EXPECT_EQ(file_size, image_size);
+    // Appends AVB Hashtree Footer.
+    AddAvbFooter(system_path, "hashtree", "system", partition_size, "SHA512_RSA8192", 20,
+                 data_dir_.Append("testkey_rsa8192.pem"), "d00df00d",
+                 "--internal_release_string \"unit test\"");
+    // Extracts system vbmeta from system.img into system-vbmeta.img.
+    ExtractVBMetaImage(system_path, "system-vbmeta.img");
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+            "Minimum libavb version:   1.0\n"
+            "Header Block:             256 bytes\n"
+            "Authentication Block:     1088 bytes\n"
+            "Auxiliary Block:          2304 bytes\n"
+            "Algorithm:                SHA512_RSA8192\n"
+            "Rollback Index:           20\n"
+            "Flags:                    0\n"
+            "Release String:           'unit test'\n"
+            "Descriptors:\n"
+            "    Hashtree descriptor:\n"
+            "      Version of dm-verity:  1\n"
+            "      Image Size:            52428800 bytes\n"
+            "      Tree Offset:           52428800\n"
+            "      Tree Size:             413696 bytes\n"
+            "      Data Block Size:       4096 bytes\n"
+            "      Hash Block Size:       4096 bytes\n"
+            "      FEC num roots:         2\n"
+            "      FEC offset:            52842496\n"
+            "      FEC size:              417792 bytes\n"
+            "      Hash Algorithm:        sha1\n"
+            "      Partition Name:        system\n"
+            "      Salt:                  d00df00d\n"
+            "      Root Digest:           d20d40c02298e385ab6d398a61a3b91dc9947d99\n"
+            "      Flags:                 0\n",
+            InfoImage("system-vbmeta.img"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(BaseFsAvbTest, GenerateVBMetaImageWithDescriptors) {
+    // Generates a raw boot.img
+    const size_t boot_image_size = 5 * 1024 * 1024;
+    const size_t boot_partition_size = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
+    base::FilePath boot_path = GenerateImage("boot.img", boot_image_size);
+    // Adds AVB Hash Footer.
+    AddAvbFooter(boot_path, "hash", "boot", boot_partition_size, "SHA256_RSA4096", 10,
+                 data_dir_.Append("testkey_rsa4096.pem"), "d00df00d",
+                 "--internal_release_string \"unit test\"");
+
+    // Generates a raw system.img, use a smaller size to speed-up unit test.
+    const size_t system_image_size = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
+    const size_t system_partition_size = 15 * 1024 * 1024;
+    base::FilePath system_path = GenerateImage("system.img", system_image_size);
+    // Adds AVB Hashtree Footer.
+    AddAvbFooter(system_path, "hashtree", "system", system_partition_size, "SHA512_RSA8192", 20,
+                 data_dir_.Append("testkey_rsa8192.pem"), "d00df00d",
+                 "--internal_release_string \"unit test\"");
+
+    // Makes a vbmeta.img including both 'boot' and 'system' descriptors.
+    GenerateVBMetaImage("vbmeta.img", "SHA256_RSA2048", 0, data_dir_.Append("testkey_rsa2048.pem"),
+                        {boot_path, system_path}, /* include_descriptor_image_paths */
+                        {},                       /* chain_partitions */
+                        "--internal_release_string \"unit test\"");
+    EXPECT_EQ("a069cbfc30c816cddf3b53f1ad53b7ca5d61a3d93845eb596bbb1b40caa1c62f",
+              CalcVBMetaDigest("vbmeta.img", "sha256"));
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+            "Minimum libavb version:   1.0\n"
+            "Header Block:             256 bytes\n"
+            "Authentication Block:     320 bytes\n"
+            "Auxiliary Block:          960 bytes\n"
+            "Algorithm:                SHA256_RSA2048\n"
+            "Rollback Index:           0\n"
+            "Flags:                    0\n"
+            "Release String:           'unit test'\n"
+            "Descriptors:\n"
+            "    Hash descriptor:\n"
+            "      Image Size:            5242880 bytes\n"
+            "      Hash Algorithm:        sha256\n"
+            "      Partition Name:        boot\n"
+            "      Salt:                  d00df00d\n"
+            "      Digest:                "
+            "222dd01e98284a1fcd7781f85d1392e43a530511a64eff96db197db90ebc4df1\n"
+            "      Flags:                 0\n"
+            "    Hashtree descriptor:\n"
+            "      Version of dm-verity:  1\n"
+            "      Image Size:            10485760 bytes\n"
+            "      Tree Offset:           10485760\n"
+            "      Tree Size:             86016 bytes\n"
+            "      Data Block Size:       4096 bytes\n"
+            "      Hash Block Size:       4096 bytes\n"
+            "      FEC num roots:         2\n"
+            "      FEC offset:            10571776\n"
+            "      FEC size:              90112 bytes\n"
+            "      Hash Algorithm:        sha1\n"
+            "      Partition Name:        system\n"
+            "      Salt:                  d00df00d\n"
+            "      Root Digest:           a3d5dd307341393d85de356c384ff543ec1ed81b\n"
+            "      Flags:                 0\n",
+            InfoImage("vbmeta.img"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(BaseFsAvbTest, GenerateVBMetaImageWithChainDescriptors) {
+    // Generates a raw boot.img
+    const size_t boot_image_size = 5 * 1024 * 1024;
+    const size_t boot_partition_size = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
+    base::FilePath boot_path = GenerateImage("boot.img", boot_image_size);
+    // Adds AVB Hash Footer.
+    AddAvbFooter(boot_path, "hash", "boot", boot_partition_size, "SHA256_RSA2048", 10,
+                 data_dir_.Append("testkey_rsa2048.pem"), "d00df00d",
+                 "--internal_release_string \"unit test\"");
+
+    // Generates a raw system.img, use a smaller size to speed-up unit test.
+    const size_t system_image_size = 10 * 1024 * 1024;
+    const size_t system_partition_size = 15 * 1024 * 1024;
+    base::FilePath system_path = GenerateImage("system.img", system_image_size);
+    // Adds AVB Hashtree Footer.
+    AddAvbFooter(system_path, "hashtree", "system", system_partition_size, "SHA512_RSA4096", 20,
+                 data_dir_.Append("testkey_rsa4096.pem"), "d00df00d",
+                 "--internal_release_string \"unit test\"");
+
+    // Make a vbmeta image with chain partitions.
+    base::FilePath rsa2048_public_key =
+            ExtractPublicKeyAvb(data_dir_.Append("testkey_rsa2048.pem"));
+    base::FilePath rsa4096_public_key =
+            ExtractPublicKeyAvb(data_dir_.Append("testkey_rsa4096.pem"));
+    GenerateVBMetaImage("vbmeta.img", "SHA256_RSA8192", 0, data_dir_.Append("testkey_rsa8192.pem"),
+                        {},                               /* include_descriptor_image_paths */
+                        {{"boot", 1, rsa2048_public_key}, /* chain_partitions */
+                         {"system", 2, rsa4096_public_key}},
+                        "--internal_release_string \"unit test\"");
+
+    // vbmeta digest calculation includes the chained vbmeta from boot.img and system.img.
+    EXPECT_EQ("abbe11b316901f3336e26630f64c4732dadbe14532186ac8640e4141a403721f",
+              CalcVBMetaDigest("vbmeta.img", "sha256"));
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+            "Minimum libavb version:   1.0\n"
+            "Header Block:             256 bytes\n"
+            "Authentication Block:     1088 bytes\n"
+            "Auxiliary Block:          3840 bytes\n"
+            "Algorithm:                SHA256_RSA8192\n"
+            "Rollback Index:           0\n"
+            "Flags:                    0\n"
+            "Release String:           'unit test'\n"
+            "Descriptors:\n"
+            "    Chain Partition descriptor:\n"
+            "      Partition Name:          boot\n"
+            "      Rollback Index Location: 1\n"
+            "      Public key (sha1):       cdbb77177f731920bbe0a0f94f84d9038ae0617d\n"
+            "    Chain Partition descriptor:\n"
+            "      Partition Name:          system\n"
+            "      Rollback Index Location: 2\n"
+            "      Public key (sha1):       2597c218aae470a130f61162feaae70afd97f011\n",
+            InfoImage("vbmeta.img"));
+}
+
+}  // namespace fs_avb_host_test
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/data/testkey_rsa2048.pem b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/data/testkey_rsa2048.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..867dcff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/data/testkey_rsa2048.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/data/testkey_rsa4096.pem b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/data/testkey_rsa4096.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26db5c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/data/testkey_rsa4096.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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+Xgm0SIUc+Nf5poMM3rfLFK77t/ob4w+5PwRKcoSniyAxrHd6bwykYA8Vuydv
+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/data/testkey_rsa8192.pem b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/data/testkey_rsa8192.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a383428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/data/testkey_rsa8192.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
+MIISKgIBAAKCBAEA0D3T+dISsmCHm797wsX0vVfqUWDJ/3mvDYozlCabDhnGLlSE
+pAQbf1Z8Ts+OM4pVRHOJUJL0WebNdmPPGjsyWQz6zZE96lQZL3avCEXqYVQR66V5
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+ldPN7iNAHirrxg9v8QO6OQlpLUk5Lhp/1dSlZ6sy3UjFqvax3tw6ZjrL88YP5g==
+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/fs_avb_test_util.cpp b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/fs_avb_test_util.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95b17d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/fs_avb_test_util.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "fs_avb_test_util.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <base/files/file_util.h>
+#include <base/strings/string_util.h>
+
+namespace fs_avb_host_test {
+
+// Need to match the data setting in Android.bp:
+//     data: ["tests/data/*"]
+base::FilePath BaseFsAvbTest::data_dir_ = base::FilePath("tests/data");
+
+void BaseFsAvbTest::SetUp() {
+    // Changes current directory to test executable directory so that relative path
+    // references to test dependencies don't rely on being manually run from
+    // the executable directory. With this, we can just open "./tests/data/testkey_rsa2048.pem"
+    // from the source.
+    base::SetCurrentDirectory(base::FilePath(android::base::GetExecutableDirectory()));
+
+    // Creates a temporary directory, e.g., /tmp/libfs_avb-tests.XXXXXX to stash images in.
+    base::FilePath tmp_dir;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(GetTempDir(&tmp_dir));
+    base::CreateTemporaryDirInDir(tmp_dir, "libfs_avb-tests.", &test_dir_);
+}
+
+void BaseFsAvbTest::TearDown() {
+    // Nukes temporary directory.
+    ASSERT_NE(std::string::npos, test_dir_.value().find("libfs_avb-tests"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(base::DeleteFile(test_dir_, true /* recursive */));
+}
+
+std::string BaseFsAvbTest::CalcVBMetaDigest(const std::string& file_name,
+                                            const std::string& hash_algorithm) {
+    auto iter = vbmeta_images_.find(file_name);
+    EXPECT_NE(iter, vbmeta_images_.end());  // ensures file_name is generated before.
+
+    // Gets the image path from iterator->second.path: VBMetaImage.path.
+    base::FilePath image_path = iter->second.path;
+    base::FilePath vbmeta_digest_path = test_dir_.Append("vbmeta_digest");
+    EXPECT_COMMAND(0,
+                   "avbtool calculate_vbmeta_digest --image %s --hash_algorithm %s"
+                   " --output %s",
+                   image_path.value().c_str(), hash_algorithm.c_str(),
+                   vbmeta_digest_path.value().c_str());
+    // Reads the content of the output digest file.
+    std::string vbmeta_digest_data;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(base::ReadFileToString(vbmeta_digest_path, &vbmeta_digest_data));
+    // Returns the trimmed digest.
+    std::string trimmed_digest_data;
+    base::TrimString(vbmeta_digest_data, " \t\n", &trimmed_digest_data);
+    return trimmed_digest_data;
+}
+
+void BaseFsAvbTest::GenerateVBMetaImage(
+        const std::string& file_name, const std::string& avb_algorithm, uint64_t rollback_index,
+        const base::FilePath& key_path,
+        const std::vector<base::FilePath>& include_descriptor_image_paths,
+        const std::vector<ChainPartitionConfig>& chain_partitions,
+        const std::string& additional_options) {
+    // --algorithm and --key
+    std::string signing_options;
+    if (avb_algorithm == "") {
+        signing_options = " --algorithm NONE ";
+    } else {
+        signing_options =
+                std::string(" --algorithm ") + avb_algorithm + " --key " + key_path.value() + " ";
+    }
+    // --include_descriptors_from_image
+    std::string include_descriptor_options;
+    for (const auto& path : include_descriptor_image_paths) {
+        include_descriptor_options += " --include_descriptors_from_image " + path.value();
+    }
+    // --chain_partitions
+    std::string chain_partition_options;
+    for (const auto& partition : chain_partitions) {
+        chain_partition_options += base::StringPrintf(
+                " --chain_partition %s:%u:%s", partition.partition_name.c_str(),
+                partition.rollback_index_location, partition.key_blob_path.value().c_str());
+    }
+    // Starts to 'make_vbmeta_image'.
+    VBMetaImage vbmeta_image;
+    vbmeta_image.path = test_dir_.Append(file_name);
+    EXPECT_COMMAND(0,
+                   "avbtool make_vbmeta_image"
+                   " --rollback_index %" PRIu64
+                   " %s %s %s %s"
+                   " --output %s",
+                   rollback_index, signing_options.c_str(), include_descriptor_options.c_str(),
+                   chain_partition_options.c_str(), additional_options.c_str(),
+                   vbmeta_image.path.value().c_str());
+    int64_t file_size;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(base::GetFileSize(vbmeta_image.path, &file_size));
+    vbmeta_image.content.resize(file_size);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(base::ReadFile(vbmeta_image.path,
+                               reinterpret_cast<char*>(vbmeta_image.content.data()), file_size));
+    // Stores the generated vbmeta image into vbmeta_images_ member object.
+    vbmeta_images_.emplace(file_name, std::move(vbmeta_image));
+}
+
+void BaseFsAvbTest::ExtractVBMetaImage(const base::FilePath& image_path,
+                                       const std::string& output_file_name,
+                                       const size_t padding_size) {
+    VBMetaImage vbmeta_image;
+    vbmeta_image.path = test_dir_.Append(output_file_name);
+    EXPECT_COMMAND(0,
+                   "avbtool extract_vbmeta_image"
+                   " --image %s"
+                   " --output %s"
+                   " --padding_size %zu",
+                   image_path.value().c_str(), vbmeta_image.path.value().c_str(), padding_size);
+    int64_t file_size;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(base::GetFileSize(vbmeta_image.path, &file_size));
+    vbmeta_image.content.resize(file_size);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(base::ReadFile(vbmeta_image.path,
+                               reinterpret_cast<char*>(vbmeta_image.content.data()), file_size));
+    // Stores the extracted vbmeta image into vbmeta_images_ member object.
+    vbmeta_images_.emplace(output_file_name, std::move(vbmeta_image));
+}
+
+// Generates a file with name |file_name| of size |image_size| with
+// known content (0x00 0x01 0x02 .. 0xff 0x00 0x01 ..).
+base::FilePath BaseFsAvbTest::GenerateImage(const std::string& file_name, size_t image_size,
+                                            uint8_t start_byte) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> image;
+    image.resize(image_size);
+    for (size_t n = 0; n < image_size; n++) {
+        image[n] = uint8_t(n + start_byte);
+    }
+    base::FilePath image_path = test_dir_.Append(file_name);
+    EXPECT_EQ(image_size,
+              static_cast<const size_t>(base::WriteFile(
+                      image_path, reinterpret_cast<const char*>(image.data()), image.size())));
+    return image_path;
+}
+
+void BaseFsAvbTest::AddAvbFooter(const base::FilePath& image_path, const std::string& footer_type,
+                                 const std::string& partition_name, const uint64_t partition_size,
+                                 const std::string& avb_algorithm, uint64_t rollback_index,
+                                 const base::FilePath& key_path, const std::string& salt,
+                                 const std::string& additional_options) {
+    // 'add_hash_footer' or 'add_hashtree_footer'.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(footer_type == "hash" or footer_type == "hashtree");
+    std::string add_footer_option = "add_" + footer_type + "_footer";
+
+    std::string signing_options;
+    if (avb_algorithm == "") {
+        signing_options = " --algorithm NONE ";
+    } else {
+        signing_options =
+                std::string(" --algorithm ") + avb_algorithm + " --key " + key_path.value() + " ";
+    }
+    EXPECT_COMMAND(0,
+                   "avbtool %s"
+                   " --image %s"
+                   " --partition_name %s "
+                   " --partition_size %" PRIu64 " --rollback_index %" PRIu64
+                   " --salt %s"
+                   " %s %s",
+                   add_footer_option.c_str(), image_path.value().c_str(), partition_name.c_str(),
+                   partition_size, rollback_index, salt.c_str(), signing_options.c_str(),
+                   additional_options.c_str());
+}
+
+std::string BaseFsAvbTest::InfoImage(const base::FilePath& image_path) {
+    base::FilePath tmp_path = test_dir_.Append("info_output.txt");
+    EXPECT_COMMAND(0, "avbtool info_image --image %s --output %s", image_path.value().c_str(),
+                   tmp_path.value().c_str());
+    std::string info_data;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(base::ReadFileToString(tmp_path, &info_data));
+    return info_data;
+}
+
+std::string BaseFsAvbTest::InfoImage(const std::string& file_name) {
+    auto iter = vbmeta_images_.find(file_name);
+    EXPECT_NE(iter, vbmeta_images_.end());  // ensures file_name is generated before.
+    // Gets the image path from iterator->second.path: VBMetaImage.path.
+    base::FilePath image_path = iter->second.path;
+    return InfoImage(image_path);
+}
+
+base::FilePath BaseFsAvbTest::ExtractPublicKeyAvb(const base::FilePath& key_path) {
+    std::string file_name = key_path.RemoveExtension().BaseName().value();
+    base::FilePath tmp_path = test_dir_.Append(file_name + "public_key.bin");
+    EXPECT_COMMAND(0,
+                   "avbtool extract_public_key --key %s"
+                   " --output %s",
+                   key_path.value().c_str(), tmp_path.value().c_str());
+    return tmp_path;
+}
+
+std::string BaseFsAvbTest::ExtractPublicKeyAvbBlob(const base::FilePath& key_path) {
+    base::FilePath tmp_path = test_dir_.Append("public_key.bin");
+    EXPECT_COMMAND(0,
+                   "avbtool extract_public_key --key %s"
+                   " --output %s",
+                   key_path.value().c_str(), tmp_path.value().c_str());
+    std::string key_data;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(base::ReadFileToString(tmp_path, &key_data));
+    return key_data;
+}
+
+}  // namespace fs_avb_host_test
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/fs_avb_test_util.h b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/fs_avb_test_util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f80dc5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/fs_avb_test_util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <base/files/file_path.h>
+#include <base/strings/stringprintf.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+// Utility macro to run the command expressed by the printf()-style string
+// |command_format| using the system(3) utility function. Will assert unless
+// the command exits normally with exit status |expected_exit_status|.
+#define EXPECT_COMMAND(expected_exit_status, command_format, ...)                   \
+    do {                                                                            \
+        int rc = system(base::StringPrintf(command_format, ##__VA_ARGS__).c_str()); \
+        EXPECT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(rc));                                                 \
+        EXPECT_EQ(WEXITSTATUS(rc), expected_exit_status);                           \
+    } while (0);
+
+namespace fs_avb_host_test {
+
+struct VBMetaImage {
+    // Path to vbmeta image generated with GenerateVBMetaImage().
+    base::FilePath path;
+    // Contents of the image generated with GenerateVBMetaImage().
+    std::vector<uint8_t> content;
+};
+
+struct ChainPartitionConfig {
+    std::string partition_name;
+    uint32_t rollback_index_location;
+    base::FilePath key_blob_path;
+};
+
+/* Base-class used for unit test. */
+class BaseFsAvbTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  public:
+    BaseFsAvbTest() {}
+
+  protected:
+    virtual ~BaseFsAvbTest() {}
+
+    // Calculates the vbmeta digest using 'avbtool calc_vbmeta_digest' command.
+    // Note that the calculation includes chained vbmeta images.
+    std::string CalcVBMetaDigest(const std::string& file_name, const std::string& hash_algorithm);
+
+    // Generates a vbmeta image with |file_name| by avbtool.
+    // The generated vbmeta image will be written to disk, see the
+    // |vbmeta_images_| variable for its path and the content.
+    void GenerateVBMetaImage(const std::string& file_name, const std::string& avb_algorithm,
+                             uint64_t rollback_index, const base::FilePath& key_path,
+                             const std::vector<base::FilePath>& include_descriptor_image_paths,
+                             const std::vector<ChainPartitionConfig>& chain_partitions,
+                             const std::string& additional_options = "");
+    // Similar to above, but extracts a vbmeta image from the given image_path.
+    // The extracted vbmeta image will be written to disk, with |output_file_name|.
+    // See the |vbmeta_images_| variable for its path and the content.
+    void ExtractVBMetaImage(const base::FilePath& image_path, const std::string& output_file_name,
+                            const size_t padding_size = 0);
+
+    // Generate a file with name |file_name| of size |image_size| with
+    // known content (0x00 0x01 0x02 .. 0xff 0x00 0x01 ..).
+    base::FilePath GenerateImage(const std::string& file_name, size_t image_size,
+                                 uint8_t start_byte = 0);
+    // Invokes 'avbtool add_hash_footer' or 'avbtool add_hashtree_footer' to sign
+    // the |image_path|. The |footer_type| can be either "hash" or "hashtree".
+    void AddAvbFooter(const base::FilePath& image_path, const std::string& footer_type,
+                      const std::string& partition_name, const uint64_t partition_size,
+                      const std::string& avb_algorithm, uint64_t rollback_index,
+                      const base::FilePath& key_path, const std::string& salt = "d00df00d",
+                      const std::string& additional_options = "");
+
+    // Returns the output of 'avbtool info_image' for the |image_path|.
+    std::string InfoImage(const base::FilePath& image_path);
+    // Same as above, but for an internal vbmeta image with |file_name| in |vbmeta_images_|.
+    std::string InfoImage(const std::string& file_name);
+
+    // Extracts public key blob in AVB format for a .pem key, then returns the
+    // file path: a .bin file.
+    base::FilePath ExtractPublicKeyAvb(const base::FilePath& key_path);
+    // Same as above, but returns the key blob binary instead.
+    std::string ExtractPublicKeyAvbBlob(const base::FilePath& key_path);
+
+    void SetUp() override;
+    void TearDown() override;
+
+    // Temporary directory created in SetUp().
+    base::FilePath test_dir_;
+    // Maps vbmeta image name (e.g., vbmeta_a.img, system_a.img) to VBMetaImage.
+    std::map<std::string, VBMetaImage> vbmeta_images_;
+
+    static base::FilePath data_dir_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace fs_avb_host_test
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/util_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/util_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..835e8fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/util_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <future>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <base/files/file_util.h>
+
+#include "fs_avb_test_util.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+// Target functions to test:
+using android::fs_mgr::BytesToHex;
+using android::fs_mgr::HexToBytes;
+using android::fs_mgr::NibbleValue;
+using android::fs_mgr::WaitForFile;
+
+namespace fs_avb_host_test {
+
+TEST(BasicUtilTest, NibbleValue09) {
+    uint8_t value;
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('0', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('1', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(1, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('2', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(2, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('3', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(3, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('4', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(4, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('5', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(5, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('6', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(6, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('7', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(7, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('8', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(8, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('9', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(9, value);
+}
+
+TEST(BasicUtilTest, NibbleValueAF) {
+    uint8_t value;
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('a', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(10, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('b', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(11, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('c', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(12, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('d', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(13, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('e', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(14, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('f', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(15, value);
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('A', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(10, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('B', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(11, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('C', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(12, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('D', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(13, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('E', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(14, value);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(NibbleValue('F', &value));
+    EXPECT_EQ(15, value);
+}
+
+TEST(BasicUtilTest, NibbleValueInvalid) {
+    uint8_t value;
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(NibbleValue('G', &value));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(NibbleValue('H', &value));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(NibbleValue('I', &value));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(NibbleValue('x', &value));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(NibbleValue('y', &value));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(NibbleValue('z', &value));
+}
+
+TEST(BasicUtilTest, HexToBytes) {
+    std::string hex = "000102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F";
+    uint8_t bytes[16];
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(HexToBytes((uint8_t*)bytes, sizeof(bytes), hex));
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bytes); i++) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(i, bytes[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(BasicUtilTest, HexToBytes2) {
+    std::string hex = "101112131415161718191A1B1C1D1E1F";
+    uint8_t bytes[16];
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(HexToBytes((uint8_t*)bytes, sizeof(bytes), hex));
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(bytes); i++) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(16 + i, bytes[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(BasicUtilTest, BytesToHex) {
+    const uint8_t bytes[16]{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16};
+
+    EXPECT_EQ("0102", BytesToHex((uint8_t*)bytes, 2));
+    EXPECT_EQ("01020304", BytesToHex((uint8_t*)bytes, 4));
+    EXPECT_EQ("0102030405060708", BytesToHex((uint8_t*)bytes, 8));
+    EXPECT_EQ("0102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f10", BytesToHex((uint8_t*)bytes, 16));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ("01", BytesToHex((uint8_t*)bytes, 1));
+    EXPECT_EQ("010203", BytesToHex((uint8_t*)bytes, 3));
+    EXPECT_EQ("0102030405", BytesToHex((uint8_t*)bytes, 5));
+}
+
+TEST(BasicUtilTest, HexToBytesInValidOddLenHex) {
+    std::string hex = "12345";
+    uint8_t bytes[16];
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(HexToBytes((uint8_t*)bytes, sizeof(bytes), hex));
+}
+
+TEST(BasicUtilTest, HexToBytesInsufficientByteLen) {
+    std::string hex = "101112131415161718191A1B1C1D1E1F";
+    uint8_t bytes[8];
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(HexToBytes((uint8_t*)bytes, sizeof(bytes), hex));
+}
+
+TEST(BasicUtilTest, WaitForFile) {
+    // Gets system tmp dir.
+    base::FilePath tmp_dir;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(GetTempDir(&tmp_dir));
+
+    // Waits this path.
+    base::FilePath wait_path = tmp_dir.Append("libfs_avb-test-exist-dir");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(base::DeleteFile(wait_path, false /* resursive */));
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(base::CreateDirectory(wait_path));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(WaitForFile(wait_path.value(), 1s));
+
+    // Removes the wait_path.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(base::DeleteFile(wait_path, false /* resursive */));
+}
+
+TEST(BasicUtilTest, WaitForFileNonExist) {
+    base::FilePath wait_path("/path/not/exist");
+    EXPECT_FALSE(WaitForFile(wait_path.value(), 200ms));
+}
+
+TEST(BasicUtilTest, WaitForFileDeferCreation) {
+    // Gets system tmp dir.
+    base::FilePath tmp_dir;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(GetTempDir(&tmp_dir));
+
+    // Waits this path.
+    base::FilePath wait_path = tmp_dir.Append("libfs_avb-test-exist-dir");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(base::DeleteFile(wait_path, false /* resursive */));
+    auto wait_file = std::async(WaitForFile, wait_path.value(), 500ms);
+
+    // Sleeps 100ms before creating the wait_path.
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(base::CreateDirectory(wait_path));
+
+    // Checks WaitForFile() returns success.
+    EXPECT_TRUE(wait_file.get());
+
+    // Removes the wait_path.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(base::DeleteFile(wait_path, false /* resursive */));
+}
+
+TEST(BasicUtilTest, WaitForFileDeferCreationFailure) {
+    // Gets system tmp dir.
+    base::FilePath tmp_dir;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(GetTempDir(&tmp_dir));
+
+    // Waits this path.
+    base::FilePath wait_path = tmp_dir.Append("libfs_avb-test-exist-dir");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(base::DeleteFile(wait_path, false /* resursive */));
+    auto wait_file = std::async(WaitForFile, wait_path.value(), 50ms);
+
+    // Sleeps 100ms before creating the wait_path.
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(base::CreateDirectory(wait_path));
+
+    // Checks WaitForFile() returns failure, because it only waits 50ms.
+    EXPECT_FALSE(wait_file.get());
+
+    // Removes the wait_path.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(base::DeleteFile(wait_path, false /* resursive */));
+}
+
+}  // namespace fs_avb_host_test
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/util.cpp b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/util.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17d47d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/util.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "util.h"
+
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
+
+bool NibbleValue(const char& c, uint8_t* value) {
+    CHECK(value != nullptr);
+
+    switch (c) {
+        case '0' ... '9':
+            *value = c - '0';
+            break;
+        case 'a' ... 'f':
+            *value = c - 'a' + 10;
+            break;
+        case 'A' ... 'F':
+            *value = c - 'A' + 10;
+            break;
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool HexToBytes(uint8_t* bytes, size_t bytes_len, const std::string& hex) {
+    CHECK(bytes != nullptr);
+
+    if (hex.size() % 2 != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (hex.size() / 2 > bytes_len) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0, j = 0, n = hex.size(); i < n; i += 2, ++j) {
+        uint8_t high;
+        if (!NibbleValue(hex[i], &high)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        uint8_t low;
+        if (!NibbleValue(hex[i + 1], &low)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        bytes[j] = (high << 4) | low;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::string BytesToHex(const uint8_t* bytes, size_t bytes_len) {
+    CHECK(bytes != nullptr);
+
+    static const char* hex_digits = "0123456789abcdef";
+    std::string hex;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes_len; i++) {
+        hex.push_back(hex_digits[(bytes[i] & 0xF0) >> 4]);
+        hex.push_back(hex_digits[bytes[i] & 0x0F]);
+    }
+    return hex;
+}
+
+bool WaitForFile(const std::string& filename, const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout) {
+    auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+
+    while (true) {
+        if (0 == access(filename.c_str(), F_OK) || errno != ENOENT) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(50ms);
+
+        auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+        auto time_elapsed = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now - start_time);
+        if (time_elapsed > relative_timeout) return false;
+    }
+}
+
+bool IsDeviceUnlocked() {
+    std::string verified_boot_state;
+
+    if (fs_mgr_get_boot_config("verifiedbootstate", &verified_boot_state)) {
+        return verified_boot_state == "orange";
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool SetBlockDeviceReadOnly(const std::string& blockdev) {
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(blockdev.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    int ON = 1;
+    return ioctl(fd, BLKROSET, &ON) == 0;
+}
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/util.h b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb861f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <string>
+
+#ifdef HOST_TEST
+#include <base/logging.h>
+#else
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#endif
+
+#define FS_AVB_TAG "[libfs_avb]"
+
+// Logs a message to kernel
+#define LINFO LOG(INFO) << FS_AVB_TAG
+#define LWARNING LOG(WARNING) << FS_AVB_TAG
+#define LERROR LOG(ERROR) << FS_AVB_TAG
+#define LFATAL LOG(FATAL) << FS_AVB_TAG
+
+// Logs a message with strerror(errno) at the end
+#define PINFO PLOG(INFO) << FS_AVB_TAG
+#define PWARNING PLOG(WARNING) << FS_AVB_TAG
+#define PERROR PLOG(ERROR) << FS_AVB_TAG
+#define PFATAL PLOG(FATAL) << FS_AVB_TAG
+
+extern bool fs_mgr_get_boot_config(const std::string& key, std::string* out_val);
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
+
+bool NibbleValue(const char& c, uint8_t* value);
+
+bool HexToBytes(uint8_t* bytes, size_t bytes_len, const std::string& hex);
+
+std::string BytesToHex(const uint8_t* bytes, size_t bytes_len);
+
+bool WaitForFile(const std::string& filename, const std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout);
+
+bool IsDeviceUnlocked();
+
+bool SetBlockDeviceReadOnly(const std::string& blockdev);
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/liblp/Android.bp
index 89282db..355b7a1 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
     srcs: [
         "builder.cpp",
         "images.cpp",
+        "partition_opener.cpp",
         "reader.cpp",
         "utility.cpp",
         "writer.cpp",
@@ -35,10 +36,14 @@
         "libcrypto",
         "libcrypto_utils",
         "libsparse",
-        "libext2_uuid",
         "libext4_utils",
         "libz",
     ],
+    target: {
+        windows: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+    },
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }
 
@@ -48,14 +53,19 @@
     cppflags: [
         "-Wno-unused-parameter",
     ],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libgmock",
+    ],
     shared_libs: [
         "liblp",
         "libbase",
         "libfs_mgr",
+        "libsparse",
     ],
     srcs: [
         "builder_test.cpp",
         "io_test.cpp",
+        "test_partition_opener.cpp",
         "utility_test.cpp",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/builder.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/builder.cpp
index 2015e4d..110d56e 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/builder.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/builder.cpp
@@ -16,16 +16,12 @@
 
 #include "liblp/builder.h"
 
-#if defined(__linux__)
-#include <linux/fs.h>
-#endif
 #include <string.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
 
 #include <algorithm>
 
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
-#include <uuid/uuid.h>
 
 #include "liblp/liblp.h"
 #include "reader.h"
@@ -34,67 +30,44 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace fs_mgr {
 
-bool GetBlockDeviceInfo(const std::string& block_device, BlockDeviceInfo* device_info) {
-#if defined(__linux__)
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(open(block_device.c_str(), O_RDONLY));
-    if (fd < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "open '" << block_device << "' failed";
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (!GetDescriptorSize(fd, &device_info->size)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (ioctl(fd, BLKIOMIN, &device_info->alignment) < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "BLKIOMIN failed";
-        return false;
-    }
+bool MetadataBuilder::sABOverrideSet;
+bool MetadataBuilder::sABOverrideValue;
 
-    int alignment_offset;
-    if (ioctl(fd, BLKALIGNOFF, &alignment_offset) < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "BLKIOMIN failed";
-        return false;
-    }
-    int logical_block_size;
-    if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &logical_block_size) < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "BLKSSZGET failed";
-        return false;
-    }
+static const std::string kDefaultGroup = "default";
 
-    device_info->alignment_offset = static_cast<uint32_t>(alignment_offset);
-    device_info->logical_block_size = static_cast<uint32_t>(logical_block_size);
+bool LinearExtent::AddTo(LpMetadata* out) const {
+    if (device_index_ >= out->block_devices.size()) {
+        LERROR << "Extent references unknown block device.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    out->extents.emplace_back(
+            LpMetadataExtent{num_sectors_, LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR, physical_sector_, device_index_});
     return true;
-#else
-    (void)block_device;
-    (void)device_info;
-    LERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << ": Not supported on this operating system.";
-    return false;
-#endif
 }
 
-void LinearExtent::AddTo(LpMetadata* out) const {
-    out->extents.push_back(LpMetadataExtent{num_sectors_, LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR, physical_sector_});
+bool ZeroExtent::AddTo(LpMetadata* out) const {
+    out->extents.emplace_back(LpMetadataExtent{num_sectors_, LP_TARGET_TYPE_ZERO, 0, 0});
+    return true;
 }
 
-void ZeroExtent::AddTo(LpMetadata* out) const {
-    out->extents.push_back(LpMetadataExtent{num_sectors_, LP_TARGET_TYPE_ZERO, 0});
-}
-
-Partition::Partition(const std::string& name, const std::string& guid, uint32_t attributes)
-    : name_(name), guid_(guid), attributes_(attributes), size_(0) {}
+Partition::Partition(const std::string& name, const std::string& group_name, uint32_t attributes)
+    : name_(name), group_name_(group_name), attributes_(attributes), size_(0) {}
 
 void Partition::AddExtent(std::unique_ptr<Extent>&& extent) {
     size_ += extent->num_sectors() * LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
 
     if (LinearExtent* new_extent = extent->AsLinearExtent()) {
-        if (!extents_.empty() && extents_.back()->AsLinearExtent() &&
-            extents_.back()->AsLinearExtent()->end_sector() == new_extent->physical_sector()) {
-            // If the previous extent can be merged into this new one, do so
-            // to avoid creating unnecessary extents.
+        if (!extents_.empty() && extents_.back()->AsLinearExtent()) {
             LinearExtent* prev_extent = extents_.back()->AsLinearExtent();
-            extent = std::make_unique<LinearExtent>(
-                    prev_extent->num_sectors() + new_extent->num_sectors(),
-                    prev_extent->physical_sector());
-            extents_.pop_back();
+            if (prev_extent->end_sector() == new_extent->physical_sector() &&
+                prev_extent->device_index() == new_extent->device_index()) {
+                // If the previous extent can be merged into this new one, do so
+                // to avoid creating unnecessary extents.
+                extent = std::make_unique<LinearExtent>(
+                        prev_extent->num_sectors() + new_extent->num_sectors(),
+                        prev_extent->device_index(), prev_extent->physical_sector());
+                extents_.pop_back();
+            }
         }
     }
     extents_.push_back(std::move(extent));
@@ -128,42 +101,120 @@
     DCHECK(size_ == aligned_size);
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> MetadataBuilder::New(const std::string& block_device,
+uint64_t Partition::BytesOnDisk() const {
+    uint64_t sectors = 0;
+    for (const auto& extent : extents_) {
+        if (!extent->AsLinearExtent()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        sectors += extent->num_sectors();
+    }
+    return sectors * LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> MetadataBuilder::New(const IPartitionOpener& opener,
+                                                      const std::string& super_partition,
                                                       uint32_t slot_number) {
-    std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = ReadMetadata(block_device.c_str(), slot_number);
+    std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = ReadMetadata(opener, super_partition, slot_number);
     if (!metadata) {
         return nullptr;
     }
-    std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = New(*metadata.get());
-    if (!builder) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    BlockDeviceInfo device_info;
-    if (fs_mgr::GetBlockDeviceInfo(block_device, &device_info)) {
-        builder->set_block_device_info(device_info);
-    }
-    return builder;
+    return New(*metadata.get(), &opener);
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> MetadataBuilder::New(const BlockDeviceInfo& device_info,
-                                                      uint32_t metadata_max_size,
-                                                      uint32_t metadata_slot_count) {
+std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> MetadataBuilder::New(const std::string& super_partition,
+                                                      uint32_t slot_number) {
+    return New(PartitionOpener(), super_partition, slot_number);
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> MetadataBuilder::New(
+        const std::vector<BlockDeviceInfo>& block_devices, const std::string& super_partition,
+        uint32_t metadata_max_size, uint32_t metadata_slot_count) {
     std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder(new MetadataBuilder());
-    if (!builder->Init(device_info, metadata_max_size, metadata_slot_count)) {
+    if (!builder->Init(block_devices, super_partition, metadata_max_size, metadata_slot_count)) {
         return nullptr;
     }
     return builder;
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> MetadataBuilder::New(const LpMetadata& metadata) {
+std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> MetadataBuilder::New(const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                                                      const IPartitionOpener* opener) {
     std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder(new MetadataBuilder());
     if (!builder->Init(metadata)) {
         return nullptr;
     }
+    if (opener) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < builder->block_devices_.size(); i++) {
+            std::string partition_name = GetBlockDevicePartitionName(builder->block_devices_[i]);
+            BlockDeviceInfo device_info;
+            if (opener->GetInfo(partition_name, &device_info)) {
+                builder->UpdateBlockDeviceInfo(i, device_info);
+            }
+        }
+    }
     return builder;
 }
 
-MetadataBuilder::MetadataBuilder() {
+std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> MetadataBuilder::NewForUpdate(const IPartitionOpener& opener,
+                                                               const std::string& source_partition,
+                                                               uint32_t source_slot_number,
+                                                               uint32_t target_slot_number) {
+    auto metadata = ReadMetadata(opener, source_partition, source_slot_number);
+    if (!metadata) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // On non-retrofit devices there is only one location for metadata: the
+    // super partition. update_engine will remove and resize partitions as
+    // needed. On the other hand, for retrofit devices, we'll need to
+    // translate block device and group names to update their slot suffixes.
+    auto super_device = GetMetadataSuperBlockDevice(*metadata.get());
+    if (GetBlockDevicePartitionName(*super_device) == "super") {
+        return New(*metadata.get(), &opener);
+    }
+
+    // Clear partitions and extents, since they have no meaning on the target
+    // slot. We also clear groups since they are re-added during OTA.
+    metadata->partitions.clear();
+    metadata->extents.clear();
+    metadata->groups.clear();
+
+    std::string source_slot_suffix = SlotSuffixForSlotNumber(source_slot_number);
+    std::string target_slot_suffix = SlotSuffixForSlotNumber(target_slot_number);
+
+    // Translate block devices.
+    auto source_block_devices = std::move(metadata->block_devices);
+    for (const auto& source_block_device : source_block_devices) {
+        std::string partition_name = GetBlockDevicePartitionName(source_block_device);
+        std::string slot_suffix = GetPartitionSlotSuffix(partition_name);
+        if (slot_suffix.empty() || slot_suffix != source_slot_suffix) {
+            // This should never happen. It means that the source metadata
+            // refers to a target or unknown block device.
+            LERROR << "Invalid block device for slot " << source_slot_suffix << ": "
+                   << partition_name;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        std::string new_name =
+                partition_name.substr(0, partition_name.size() - slot_suffix.size()) +
+                target_slot_suffix;
+
+        auto new_device = source_block_device;
+        if (!UpdateBlockDevicePartitionName(&new_device, new_name)) {
+            LERROR << "Partition name too long: " << new_name;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        metadata->block_devices.emplace_back(new_device);
+    }
+
+    return New(*metadata.get(), &opener);
+}
+
+void MetadataBuilder::OverrideABForTesting(bool ab_device) {
+    sABOverrideSet = true;
+    sABOverrideValue = ab_device;
+}
+
+MetadataBuilder::MetadataBuilder() : auto_slot_suffixing_(false), ignore_slot_suffixing_(false) {
     memset(&geometry_, 0, sizeof(geometry_));
     geometry_.magic = LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_MAGIC;
     geometry_.struct_size = sizeof(geometry_);
@@ -175,37 +226,84 @@
     header_.header_size = sizeof(header_);
     header_.partitions.entry_size = sizeof(LpMetadataPartition);
     header_.extents.entry_size = sizeof(LpMetadataExtent);
+    header_.groups.entry_size = sizeof(LpMetadataPartitionGroup);
+    header_.block_devices.entry_size = sizeof(LpMetadataBlockDevice);
 }
 
 bool MetadataBuilder::Init(const LpMetadata& metadata) {
     geometry_ = metadata.geometry;
+    block_devices_ = metadata.block_devices;
 
-    for (const auto& partition : metadata.partitions) {
-        Partition* builder = AddPartition(GetPartitionName(partition), GetPartitionGuid(partition),
-                                          partition.attributes);
-        if (!builder) {
+    for (const auto& group : metadata.groups) {
+        std::string group_name = GetPartitionGroupName(group);
+        if (!AddGroup(group_name, group.maximum_size)) {
             return false;
         }
-
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < partition.num_extents; i++) {
-            const LpMetadataExtent& extent = metadata.extents[partition.first_extent_index + i];
-            if (extent.target_type == LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR) {
-                auto copy = std::make_unique<LinearExtent>(extent.num_sectors, extent.target_data);
-                builder->AddExtent(std::move(copy));
-            } else if (extent.target_type == LP_TARGET_TYPE_ZERO) {
-                auto copy = std::make_unique<ZeroExtent>(extent.num_sectors);
-                builder->AddExtent(std::move(copy));
-            }
-        }
     }
 
-    device_info_.alignment = geometry_.alignment;
-    device_info_.alignment_offset = geometry_.alignment_offset;
-    device_info_.logical_block_size = geometry_.logical_block_size;
+    for (const auto& partition : metadata.partitions) {
+        std::string group_name = GetPartitionGroupName(metadata.groups[partition.group_index]);
+        Partition* builder =
+                AddPartition(GetPartitionName(partition), group_name, partition.attributes);
+        if (!builder) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        ImportExtents(builder, metadata, partition);
+    }
     return true;
 }
 
-bool MetadataBuilder::Init(const BlockDeviceInfo& device_info, uint32_t metadata_max_size,
+void MetadataBuilder::ImportExtents(Partition* dest, const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                                    const LpMetadataPartition& source) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < source.num_extents; i++) {
+        const LpMetadataExtent& extent = metadata.extents[source.first_extent_index + i];
+        if (extent.target_type == LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR) {
+            auto copy = std::make_unique<LinearExtent>(extent.num_sectors, extent.target_source,
+                                                       extent.target_data);
+            dest->AddExtent(std::move(copy));
+        } else if (extent.target_type == LP_TARGET_TYPE_ZERO) {
+            auto copy = std::make_unique<ZeroExtent>(extent.num_sectors);
+            dest->AddExtent(std::move(copy));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static bool VerifyDeviceProperties(const BlockDeviceInfo& device_info) {
+    if (device_info.logical_block_size == 0) {
+        LERROR << "Block device " << device_info.partition_name
+               << " logical block size must not be zero.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (device_info.logical_block_size % LP_SECTOR_SIZE != 0) {
+        LERROR << "Block device " << device_info.partition_name
+               << " logical block size must be a multiple of 512.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (device_info.size % device_info.logical_block_size != 0) {
+        LERROR << "Block device " << device_info.partition_name
+               << " size must be a multiple of its block size.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (device_info.alignment_offset % LP_SECTOR_SIZE != 0) {
+        LERROR << "Block device " << device_info.partition_name
+               << " alignment offset is not sector-aligned.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (device_info.alignment % LP_SECTOR_SIZE != 0) {
+        LERROR << "Block device " << device_info.partition_name
+               << " partition alignment is not sector-aligned.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (device_info.alignment_offset > device_info.alignment) {
+        LERROR << "Block device " << device_info.partition_name
+               << " partition alignment offset is greater than its alignment.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::Init(const std::vector<BlockDeviceInfo>& block_devices,
+                           const std::string& super_partition, uint32_t metadata_max_size,
                            uint32_t metadata_slot_count) {
     if (metadata_max_size < sizeof(LpMetadataHeader)) {
         LERROR << "Invalid metadata maximum size.";
@@ -215,87 +313,123 @@
         LERROR << "Invalid metadata slot count.";
         return false;
     }
+    if (block_devices.empty()) {
+        LERROR << "No block devices were specified.";
+        return false;
+    }
 
     // Align the metadata size up to the nearest sector.
     metadata_max_size = AlignTo(metadata_max_size, LP_SECTOR_SIZE);
 
-    // Check that device properties are sane.
-    device_info_ = device_info;
-    if (device_info_.size % LP_SECTOR_SIZE != 0) {
-        LERROR << "Block device size must be a multiple of 512.";
+    // Validate and build the block device list.
+    uint32_t logical_block_size = 0;
+    for (const auto& device_info : block_devices) {
+        if (!VerifyDeviceProperties(device_info)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!logical_block_size) {
+            logical_block_size = device_info.logical_block_size;
+        }
+        if (logical_block_size != device_info.logical_block_size) {
+            LERROR << "All partitions must have the same logical block size.";
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        LpMetadataBlockDevice out = {};
+        out.alignment = device_info.alignment;
+        out.alignment_offset = device_info.alignment_offset;
+        out.size = device_info.size;
+        if (device_info.partition_name.size() > sizeof(out.partition_name)) {
+            LERROR << "Partition name " << device_info.partition_name << " exceeds maximum length.";
+            return false;
+        }
+        strncpy(out.partition_name, device_info.partition_name.c_str(), sizeof(out.partition_name));
+
+        // In the case of the super partition, this field will be adjusted
+        // later. For all partitions, the first 512 bytes are considered
+        // untouched to be compatible code that looks for an MBR. Thus we
+        // start counting free sectors at sector 1, not 0.
+        uint64_t free_area_start = LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+        if (out.alignment || out.alignment_offset) {
+            free_area_start = AlignTo(free_area_start, out.alignment, out.alignment_offset);
+        } else {
+            free_area_start = AlignTo(free_area_start, logical_block_size);
+        }
+        out.first_logical_sector = free_area_start / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+
+        // There must be one logical block of space available.
+        uint64_t minimum_size = out.first_logical_sector * LP_SECTOR_SIZE + logical_block_size;
+        if (device_info.size < minimum_size) {
+            LERROR << "Block device " << device_info.partition_name
+                   << " is too small to hold any logical partitions.";
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // The "root" of the super partition is always listed first.
+        if (device_info.partition_name == super_partition) {
+            block_devices_.emplace(block_devices_.begin(), out);
+        } else {
+            block_devices_.emplace_back(out);
+        }
+    }
+    if (GetBlockDevicePartitionName(block_devices_[0]) != super_partition) {
+        LERROR << "No super partition was specified.";
         return false;
     }
-    if (device_info_.logical_block_size % LP_SECTOR_SIZE != 0) {
-        LERROR << "Logical block size must be a multiple of 512.";
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (device_info_.alignment_offset % LP_SECTOR_SIZE != 0) {
-        LERROR << "Alignment offset is not sector-aligned.";
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (device_info_.alignment % LP_SECTOR_SIZE != 0) {
-        LERROR << "Partition alignment is not sector-aligned.";
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (device_info_.alignment_offset > device_info_.alignment) {
-        LERROR << "Partition alignment offset is greater than its alignment.";
-        return false;
-    }
+
+    LpMetadataBlockDevice& super = block_devices_[0];
 
     // We reserve a geometry block (4KB) plus space for each copy of the
     // maximum size of a metadata blob. Then, we double that space since
     // we store a backup copy of everything.
-    uint64_t reserved =
-            LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE + (uint64_t(metadata_max_size) * metadata_slot_count);
-    uint64_t total_reserved = reserved * 2;
-    if (device_info_.size < total_reserved) {
+    uint64_t total_reserved = GetTotalMetadataSize(metadata_max_size, metadata_slot_count);
+    if (super.size < total_reserved) {
         LERROR << "Attempting to create metadata on a block device that is too small.";
         return false;
     }
 
     // Compute the first free sector, factoring in alignment.
-    uint64_t free_area = AlignTo(reserved, device_info_.alignment, device_info_.alignment_offset);
-    uint64_t first_sector = free_area / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+    uint64_t free_area_start = total_reserved;
+    if (super.alignment || super.alignment_offset) {
+        free_area_start = AlignTo(free_area_start, super.alignment, super.alignment_offset);
+    } else {
+        free_area_start = AlignTo(free_area_start, logical_block_size);
+    }
+    super.first_logical_sector = free_area_start / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
 
-    // Compute the last free sector, which is inclusive. We subtract 1 to make
-    // sure that logical partitions won't overlap with the same sector as the
-    // backup metadata, which could happen if the block device was not aligned
-    // to LP_SECTOR_SIZE.
-    uint64_t last_sector = ((device_info_.size - reserved) / LP_SECTOR_SIZE) - 1;
-
-    // If this check fails, it means either (1) we did not have free space to
-    // allocate a single sector, or (2) we did, but the alignment was high
-    // enough to bump the first sector out of range. Either way, we cannot
-    // continue.
-    if (first_sector > last_sector) {
-        LERROR << "Not enough space to allocate any partition tables.";
+    // There must be one logical block of free space remaining (enough for one partition).
+    uint64_t minimum_disk_size = (super.first_logical_sector * LP_SECTOR_SIZE) + logical_block_size;
+    if (super.size < minimum_disk_size) {
+        LERROR << "Device must be at least " << minimum_disk_size << " bytes, only has "
+               << super.size;
         return false;
     }
 
-    // Finally, the size of the allocatable space must be a multiple of the
-    // logical block size. If we have no more free space after this
-    // computation, then we abort. Note that the last sector is inclusive,
-    // so we have to account for that.
-    uint64_t num_free_sectors = last_sector - first_sector + 1;
-    uint64_t sectors_per_block = device_info_.logical_block_size / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
-    if (num_free_sectors < sectors_per_block) {
-        LERROR << "Not enough space to allocate any partition tables.";
-        return false;
-    }
-    last_sector = first_sector + (num_free_sectors / sectors_per_block) * sectors_per_block - 1;
-
-    geometry_.first_logical_sector = first_sector;
-    geometry_.last_logical_sector = last_sector;
     geometry_.metadata_max_size = metadata_max_size;
     geometry_.metadata_slot_count = metadata_slot_count;
-    geometry_.alignment = device_info_.alignment;
-    geometry_.alignment_offset = device_info_.alignment_offset;
-    geometry_.block_device_size = device_info_.size;
-    geometry_.logical_block_size = device_info.logical_block_size;
+    geometry_.logical_block_size = logical_block_size;
+
+    if (!AddGroup(kDefaultGroup, 0)) {
+        return false;
+    }
     return true;
 }
 
-Partition* MetadataBuilder::AddPartition(const std::string& name, const std::string& guid,
+bool MetadataBuilder::AddGroup(const std::string& group_name, uint64_t maximum_size) {
+    if (FindGroup(group_name)) {
+        LERROR << "Group already exists: " << group_name;
+        return false;
+    }
+    groups_.push_back(std::make_unique<PartitionGroup>(group_name, maximum_size));
+    return true;
+}
+
+Partition* MetadataBuilder::AddPartition(const std::string& name, uint32_t attributes) {
+    return AddPartition(name, kDefaultGroup, attributes);
+}
+
+Partition* MetadataBuilder::AddPartition(const std::string& name, const std::string& group_name,
                                          uint32_t attributes) {
     if (name.empty()) {
         LERROR << "Partition must have a non-empty name.";
@@ -305,7 +439,16 @@
         LERROR << "Attempting to create duplication partition with name: " << name;
         return nullptr;
     }
-    partitions_.push_back(std::make_unique<Partition>(name, guid, attributes));
+    if (!FindGroup(group_name)) {
+        LERROR << "Could not find partition group: " << group_name;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    if (IsABDevice() && !auto_slot_suffixing_ && name != "scratch" && !ignore_slot_suffixing_ &&
+        GetPartitionSlotSuffix(name).empty()) {
+        LERROR << "Unsuffixed partition not allowed on A/B device: " << name;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    partitions_.push_back(std::make_unique<Partition>(name, group_name, attributes));
     return partitions_.back().get();
 }
 
@@ -318,6 +461,26 @@
     return nullptr;
 }
 
+PartitionGroup* MetadataBuilder::FindGroup(const std::string& group_name) {
+    for (const auto& group : groups_) {
+        if (group->name() == group_name) {
+            return group.get();
+        }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+uint64_t MetadataBuilder::TotalSizeOfGroup(PartitionGroup* group) const {
+    uint64_t total = 0;
+    for (const auto& partition : partitions_) {
+        if (partition->group_name() != group->name()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        total += partition->BytesOnDisk();
+    }
+    return total;
+}
+
 void MetadataBuilder::RemovePartition(const std::string& name) {
     for (auto iter = partitions_.begin(); iter != partitions_.end(); iter++) {
         if ((*iter)->name() == name) {
@@ -327,44 +490,16 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool MetadataBuilder::GrowPartition(Partition* partition, uint64_t aligned_size) {
-    // Figure out how much we need to allocate.
-    uint64_t space_needed = aligned_size - partition->size();
-    uint64_t sectors_needed = space_needed / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
-    DCHECK(sectors_needed * LP_SECTOR_SIZE == space_needed);
-
-    struct Interval {
-        uint64_t start;
-        uint64_t end;
-
-        Interval(uint64_t start, uint64_t end) : start(start), end(end) {}
-        uint64_t length() const { return end - start; }
-        bool operator<(const Interval& other) const { return start < other.start; }
-    };
-
-    // Collect all extents in the partition table, then sort them by starting
-    // sector.
-    std::vector<Interval> extents;
-    for (const auto& partition : partitions_) {
-        for (const auto& extent : partition->extents()) {
-            LinearExtent* linear = extent->AsLinearExtent();
-            if (!linear) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            extents.emplace_back(linear->physical_sector(),
-                                 linear->physical_sector() + extent->num_sectors());
-        }
-    }
-    std::sort(extents.begin(), extents.end());
-
+void MetadataBuilder::ExtentsToFreeList(const std::vector<Interval>& extents,
+                                        std::vector<Interval>* free_regions) const {
     // Convert the extent list into a list of gaps between the extents; i.e.,
     // the list of ranges that are free on the disk.
-    std::vector<Interval> free_regions;
     for (size_t i = 1; i < extents.size(); i++) {
         const Interval& previous = extents[i - 1];
         const Interval& current = extents[i];
+        DCHECK(previous.device_index == current.device_index);
 
-        uint64_t aligned = AlignSector(previous.end);
+        uint64_t aligned = AlignSector(block_devices_[current.device_index], previous.end);
         if (aligned >= current.start) {
             // There is no gap between these two extents, try the next one.
             // Note that we check with >= instead of >, since alignment may
@@ -374,20 +509,88 @@
 
         // The new interval represents the free space starting at the end of
         // the previous interval, and ending at the start of the next interval.
-        free_regions.emplace_back(aligned, current.start);
+        free_regions->emplace_back(current.device_index, aligned, current.start);
+    }
+}
+
+auto MetadataBuilder::GetFreeRegions() const -> std::vector<Interval> {
+    std::vector<Interval> free_regions;
+
+    // Collect all extents in the partition table, per-device, then sort them
+    // by starting sector.
+    std::vector<std::vector<Interval>> device_extents(block_devices_.size());
+    for (const auto& partition : partitions_) {
+        for (const auto& extent : partition->extents()) {
+            LinearExtent* linear = extent->AsLinearExtent();
+            if (!linear) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            CHECK(linear->device_index() < device_extents.size());
+            auto& extents = device_extents[linear->device_index()];
+            extents.emplace_back(linear->device_index(), linear->physical_sector(),
+                                 linear->physical_sector() + extent->num_sectors());
+        }
     }
 
-    // Add a final interval representing the remainder of the free space.
-    uint64_t last_free_extent_start =
-            extents.empty() ? geometry_.first_logical_sector : extents.back().end;
-    last_free_extent_start = AlignSector(last_free_extent_start);
-    if (last_free_extent_start <= geometry_.last_logical_sector) {
-        free_regions.emplace_back(last_free_extent_start, geometry_.last_logical_sector + 1);
+    // Add 0-length intervals for the first and last sectors. This will cause
+    // ExtentToFreeList() to treat the space in between as available.
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < device_extents.size(); i++) {
+        auto& extents = device_extents[i];
+        const auto& block_device = block_devices_[i];
+
+        uint64_t first_sector = block_device.first_logical_sector;
+        uint64_t last_sector = block_device.size / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+        extents.emplace_back(i, first_sector, first_sector);
+        extents.emplace_back(i, last_sector, last_sector);
+
+        std::sort(extents.begin(), extents.end());
+        ExtentsToFreeList(extents, &free_regions);
+    }
+    return free_regions;
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::ValidatePartitionSizeChange(Partition* partition, uint64_t old_size,
+                                                  uint64_t new_size) {
+    PartitionGroup* group = FindGroup(partition->group_name());
+    CHECK(group);
+
+    if (new_size <= old_size) {
+        return true;
     }
 
-    const uint64_t sectors_per_block = device_info_.logical_block_size / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+    // Figure out how much we need to allocate, and whether our group has
+    // enough space remaining.
+    uint64_t space_needed = new_size - old_size;
+    if (group->maximum_size() > 0) {
+        uint64_t group_size = TotalSizeOfGroup(group);
+        if (group_size >= group->maximum_size() ||
+            group->maximum_size() - group_size < space_needed) {
+            LERROR << "Partition " << partition->name() << " is part of group " << group->name()
+                   << " which does not have enough space free (" << space_needed << " requested, "
+                   << group_size << " used out of " << group->maximum_size() << ")";
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::GrowPartition(Partition* partition, uint64_t aligned_size) {
+    uint64_t space_needed = aligned_size - partition->size();
+    uint64_t sectors_needed = space_needed / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+    DCHECK(sectors_needed * LP_SECTOR_SIZE == space_needed);
+
+    std::vector<Interval> free_regions = GetFreeRegions();
+
+    const uint64_t sectors_per_block = geometry_.logical_block_size / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+    CHECK_NE(sectors_per_block, 0);
     CHECK(sectors_needed % sectors_per_block == 0);
 
+    if (IsABDevice() && !IsRetrofitDevice() && GetPartitionSlotSuffix(partition->name()) == "_b") {
+        // Allocate "a" partitions top-down and "b" partitions bottom-up, to
+        // minimize fragmentation during OTA.
+        free_regions = PrioritizeSecondHalfOfSuper(free_regions);
+    }
+
     // Find gaps that we can use for new extents. Note we store new extents in a
     // temporary vector, and only commit them if we are guaranteed enough free
     // space.
@@ -410,14 +613,23 @@
         }
 
         uint64_t sectors = std::min(sectors_needed, region.length());
+        if (sectors < region.length()) {
+            const auto& block_device = block_devices_[region.device_index];
+            if (block_device.alignment) {
+                const uint64_t alignment = block_device.alignment / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+                sectors = AlignTo(sectors, alignment);
+                sectors = std::min(sectors, region.length());
+            }
+        }
         CHECK(sectors % sectors_per_block == 0);
 
-        auto extent = std::make_unique<LinearExtent>(sectors, region.start);
+        auto extent = std::make_unique<LinearExtent>(sectors, region.device_index, region.start);
         new_extents.push_back(std::move(extent));
-        sectors_needed -= sectors;
-        if (!sectors_needed) {
+        if (sectors >= sectors_needed) {
+            sectors_needed = 0;
             break;
         }
+        sectors_needed -= sectors;
     }
     if (sectors_needed) {
         LERROR << "Not enough free space to expand partition: " << partition->name();
@@ -431,15 +643,79 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+std::vector<MetadataBuilder::Interval> MetadataBuilder::PrioritizeSecondHalfOfSuper(
+        const std::vector<Interval>& free_list) {
+    const auto& super = block_devices_[0];
+    uint64_t first_sector = super.first_logical_sector;
+    uint64_t last_sector = super.size / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+    uint64_t midpoint = first_sector + (last_sector - first_sector) / 2;
+
+    // Choose an aligned sector for the midpoint. This could lead to one half
+    // being slightly larger than the other, but this will not restrict the
+    // size of partitions (it might lead to one extra extent if "B" overflows).
+    midpoint = AlignSector(super, midpoint);
+
+    std::vector<Interval> first_half;
+    std::vector<Interval> second_half;
+    for (const auto& region : free_list) {
+        // Note: deprioritze if not the main super partition. Even though we
+        // don't call this for retrofit devices, we will allow adding additional
+        // block devices on non-retrofit devices.
+        if (region.device_index != 0 || region.end <= midpoint) {
+            first_half.emplace_back(region);
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (region.start < midpoint && region.end > midpoint) {
+            // Split this into two regions.
+            first_half.emplace_back(region.device_index, region.start, midpoint);
+            second_half.emplace_back(region.device_index, midpoint, region.end);
+        } else {
+            second_half.emplace_back(region);
+        }
+    }
+    second_half.insert(second_half.end(), first_half.begin(), first_half.end());
+    return second_half;
+}
+
 void MetadataBuilder::ShrinkPartition(Partition* partition, uint64_t aligned_size) {
     partition->ShrinkTo(aligned_size);
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> MetadataBuilder::Export() {
+    if (!ValidatePartitionGroups()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
     std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = std::make_unique<LpMetadata>();
     metadata->header = header_;
     metadata->geometry = geometry_;
 
+    // Assign this early so the extent table can read it.
+    for (const auto& block_device : block_devices_) {
+        metadata->block_devices.emplace_back(block_device);
+        if (auto_slot_suffixing_) {
+            metadata->block_devices.back().flags |= LP_BLOCK_DEVICE_SLOT_SUFFIXED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::map<std::string, size_t> group_indices;
+    for (const auto& group : groups_) {
+        LpMetadataPartitionGroup out = {};
+
+        if (group->name().size() > sizeof(out.name)) {
+            LERROR << "Partition group name is too long: " << group->name();
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        if (auto_slot_suffixing_ && group->name() != kDefaultGroup) {
+            out.flags |= LP_GROUP_SLOT_SUFFIXED;
+        }
+        strncpy(out.name, group->name().c_str(), sizeof(out.name));
+        out.maximum_size = group->maximum_size();
+
+        group_indices[group->name()] = metadata->groups.size();
+        metadata->groups.push_back(out);
+    }
+
     // Flatten the partition and extent structures into an LpMetadata, which
     // makes it very easy to validate, serialize, or pass on to device-mapper.
     for (const auto& partition : partitions_) {
@@ -456,63 +732,138 @@
         }
 
         strncpy(part.name, partition->name().c_str(), sizeof(part.name));
-        if (uuid_parse(partition->guid().c_str(), part.guid) != 0) {
-            LERROR << "Could not parse guid " << partition->guid() << " for partition "
-                   << partition->name();
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-
         part.first_extent_index = static_cast<uint32_t>(metadata->extents.size());
         part.num_extents = static_cast<uint32_t>(partition->extents().size());
         part.attributes = partition->attributes();
+        if (auto_slot_suffixing_) {
+            part.attributes |= LP_PARTITION_ATTR_SLOT_SUFFIXED;
+        }
+
+        auto iter = group_indices.find(partition->group_name());
+        if (iter == group_indices.end()) {
+            LERROR << "Partition " << partition->name() << " is a member of unknown group "
+                   << partition->group_name();
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        part.group_index = iter->second;
 
         for (const auto& extent : partition->extents()) {
-            extent->AddTo(metadata.get());
+            if (!extent->AddTo(metadata.get())) {
+                return nullptr;
+            }
         }
         metadata->partitions.push_back(part);
     }
 
     metadata->header.partitions.num_entries = static_cast<uint32_t>(metadata->partitions.size());
     metadata->header.extents.num_entries = static_cast<uint32_t>(metadata->extents.size());
+    metadata->header.groups.num_entries = static_cast<uint32_t>(metadata->groups.size());
+    metadata->header.block_devices.num_entries =
+            static_cast<uint32_t>(metadata->block_devices.size());
     return metadata;
 }
 
 uint64_t MetadataBuilder::AllocatableSpace() const {
-    return (geometry_.last_logical_sector - geometry_.first_logical_sector + 1) * LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+    uint64_t total_size = 0;
+    for (const auto& block_device : block_devices_) {
+        total_size += block_device.size - (block_device.first_logical_sector * LP_SECTOR_SIZE);
+    }
+    return total_size;
 }
 
-uint64_t MetadataBuilder::AlignSector(uint64_t sector) {
+uint64_t MetadataBuilder::UsedSpace() const {
+    uint64_t size = 0;
+    for (const auto& partition : partitions_) {
+        size += partition->size();
+    }
+    return size;
+}
+
+uint64_t MetadataBuilder::AlignSector(const LpMetadataBlockDevice& block_device,
+                                      uint64_t sector) const {
     // Note: when reading alignment info from the Kernel, we don't assume it
     // is aligned to the sector size, so we round up to the nearest sector.
     uint64_t lba = sector * LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
-    uint64_t aligned = AlignTo(lba, device_info_.alignment, device_info_.alignment_offset);
+    uint64_t aligned = AlignTo(lba, block_device.alignment, block_device.alignment_offset);
     return AlignTo(aligned, LP_SECTOR_SIZE) / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
 }
 
-void MetadataBuilder::set_block_device_info(const BlockDeviceInfo& device_info) {
-    device_info_.size = device_info.size;
+bool MetadataBuilder::FindBlockDeviceByName(const std::string& partition_name,
+                                            uint32_t* index) const {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < block_devices_.size(); i++) {
+        if (GetBlockDevicePartitionName(block_devices_[i]) == partition_name) {
+            *index = i;
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
 
-    // Note that if the logical block size changes, we're probably in trouble:
-    // we could have already built extents that will only work on the previous
-    // size.
-    DCHECK(partitions_.empty() ||
-           device_info_.logical_block_size == device_info.logical_block_size);
+bool MetadataBuilder::HasBlockDevice(const std::string& partition_name) const {
+    uint32_t index;
+    return FindBlockDeviceByName(partition_name, &index);
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::GetBlockDeviceInfo(const std::string& partition_name,
+                                         BlockDeviceInfo* info) const {
+    uint32_t index;
+    if (!FindBlockDeviceByName(partition_name, &index)) {
+        LERROR << "No device named " << partition_name;
+        return false;
+    }
+    info->size = block_devices_[index].size;
+    info->alignment = block_devices_[index].alignment;
+    info->alignment_offset = block_devices_[index].alignment_offset;
+    info->logical_block_size = geometry_.logical_block_size;
+    info->partition_name = partition_name;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::UpdateBlockDeviceInfo(const std::string& partition_name,
+                                            const BlockDeviceInfo& device_info) {
+    uint32_t index;
+    if (!FindBlockDeviceByName(partition_name, &index)) {
+        LERROR << "No device named " << partition_name;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return UpdateBlockDeviceInfo(index, device_info);
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::UpdateBlockDeviceInfo(size_t index, const BlockDeviceInfo& device_info) {
+    CHECK(index < block_devices_.size());
+
+    LpMetadataBlockDevice& block_device = block_devices_[index];
+    if (device_info.size != block_device.size) {
+        LERROR << "Device size does not match (got " << device_info.size << ", expected "
+               << block_device.size << ")";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (device_info.logical_block_size != geometry_.logical_block_size) {
+        LERROR << "Device logical block size does not match (got " << device_info.logical_block_size
+               << ", expected " << geometry_.logical_block_size << ")";
+        return false;
+    }
 
     // The kernel does not guarantee these values are present, so we only
     // replace existing values if the new values are non-zero.
     if (device_info.alignment) {
-        device_info_.alignment = device_info.alignment;
+        block_device.alignment = device_info.alignment;
     }
     if (device_info.alignment_offset) {
-        device_info_.alignment_offset = device_info.alignment_offset;
+        block_device.alignment_offset = device_info.alignment_offset;
     }
+    return true;
 }
 
 bool MetadataBuilder::ResizePartition(Partition* partition, uint64_t requested_size) {
     // Align the space needed up to the nearest sector.
-    uint64_t aligned_size = AlignTo(requested_size, device_info_.logical_block_size);
+    uint64_t aligned_size = AlignTo(requested_size, geometry_.logical_block_size);
     uint64_t old_size = partition->size();
 
+    if (!ValidatePartitionSizeChange(partition, old_size, aligned_size)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
     if (aligned_size > old_size) {
         if (!GrowPartition(partition, aligned_size)) {
             return false;
@@ -521,8 +872,190 @@
         ShrinkPartition(partition, aligned_size);
     }
 
-    LINFO << "Partition " << partition->name() << " will resize from " << old_size << " bytes to "
-          << aligned_size << " bytes";
+    if (partition->size() != old_size) {
+        LINFO << "Partition " << partition->name() << " will resize from " << old_size
+              << " bytes to " << aligned_size << " bytes";
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> MetadataBuilder::ListGroups() const {
+    std::vector<std::string> names;
+    for (const auto& group : groups_) {
+        names.emplace_back(group->name());
+    }
+    return names;
+}
+
+void MetadataBuilder::RemoveGroupAndPartitions(const std::string& group_name) {
+    if (group_name == kDefaultGroup) {
+        // Cannot remove the default group.
+        return;
+    }
+    std::vector<std::string> partition_names;
+    for (const auto& partition : partitions_) {
+        if (partition->group_name() == group_name) {
+            partition_names.emplace_back(partition->name());
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& partition_name : partition_names) {
+        RemovePartition(partition_name);
+    }
+    for (auto iter = groups_.begin(); iter != groups_.end(); iter++) {
+        if ((*iter)->name() == group_name) {
+            groups_.erase(iter);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static bool CompareBlockDevices(const LpMetadataBlockDevice& first,
+                                const LpMetadataBlockDevice& second) {
+    // Note: we don't compare alignment, since it's a performance thing and
+    // won't affect whether old extents continue to work.
+    return first.first_logical_sector == second.first_logical_sector && first.size == second.size &&
+           GetBlockDevicePartitionName(first) == GetBlockDevicePartitionName(second);
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::ImportPartitions(const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                                       const std::set<std::string>& partition_names) {
+    // The block device list must be identical. We do not try to be clever and
+    // allow ordering changes or changes that don't affect partitions. This
+    // process is designed to allow the most common flashing scenarios and more
+    // complex ones should require a wipe.
+    if (metadata.block_devices.size() != block_devices_.size()) {
+        LINFO << "Block device tables does not match.";
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < metadata.block_devices.size(); i++) {
+        const LpMetadataBlockDevice& old_device = metadata.block_devices[i];
+        const LpMetadataBlockDevice& new_device = block_devices_[i];
+        if (!CompareBlockDevices(old_device, new_device)) {
+            LINFO << "Block device tables do not match";
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Import named partitions. Note that we do not attempt to merge group
+    // information here. If the device changed its group names, the old
+    // partitions will fail to merge. The same could happen if the group
+    // allocation sizes change.
+    for (const auto& partition : metadata.partitions) {
+        std::string partition_name = GetPartitionName(partition);
+        if (partition_names.find(partition_name) == partition_names.end()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!ImportPartition(metadata, partition)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::ImportPartition(const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                                      const LpMetadataPartition& source) {
+    std::string partition_name = GetPartitionName(source);
+    Partition* partition = FindPartition(partition_name);
+    if (!partition) {
+        std::string group_name = GetPartitionGroupName(metadata.groups[source.group_index]);
+        partition = AddPartition(partition_name, group_name, source.attributes);
+        if (!partition) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    if (partition->size() > 0) {
+        LINFO << "Importing partition table would overwrite non-empty partition: "
+              << partition_name;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ImportExtents(partition, metadata, source);
+
+    if (!ValidatePartitionSizeChange(partition, 0, partition->size())) {
+        partition->RemoveExtents();
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void MetadataBuilder::SetAutoSlotSuffixing() {
+    auto_slot_suffixing_ = true;
+}
+
+void MetadataBuilder::IgnoreSlotSuffixing() {
+    ignore_slot_suffixing_ = true;
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::IsABDevice() const {
+    if (sABOverrideSet) {
+        return sABOverrideValue;
+    }
+    return android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.build.ab_update", false);
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::IsRetrofitDevice() const {
+    return GetBlockDevicePartitionName(block_devices_[0]) != LP_METADATA_DEFAULT_PARTITION_NAME;
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::AddLinearExtent(Partition* partition, const std::string& block_device,
+                                      uint64_t num_sectors, uint64_t physical_sector) {
+    uint32_t device_index;
+    if (!FindBlockDeviceByName(block_device, &device_index)) {
+        LERROR << "Could not find backing block device for extent: " << block_device;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto extent = std::make_unique<LinearExtent>(num_sectors, device_index, physical_sector);
+    partition->AddExtent(std::move(extent));
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::vector<Partition*> MetadataBuilder::ListPartitionsInGroup(const std::string& group_name) {
+    std::vector<Partition*> partitions;
+    for (const auto& partition : partitions_) {
+        if (partition->group_name() == group_name) {
+            partitions.emplace_back(partition.get());
+        }
+    }
+    return partitions;
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::ChangePartitionGroup(Partition* partition, const std::string& group_name) {
+    if (!FindGroup(group_name)) {
+        LERROR << "Partition cannot change to unknown group: " << group_name;
+        return false;
+    }
+    partition->set_group_name(group_name);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::ValidatePartitionGroups() const {
+    for (const auto& group : groups_) {
+        if (!group->maximum_size()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        uint64_t used = TotalSizeOfGroup(group.get());
+        if (used > group->maximum_size()) {
+            LERROR << "Partition group " << group->name() << " exceeds maximum size (" << used
+                   << " bytes used, maximum " << group->maximum_size() << ")";
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::ChangeGroupSize(const std::string& group_name, uint64_t maximum_size) {
+    if (group_name == kDefaultGroup) {
+        LERROR << "Cannot change the size of the default group";
+        return false;
+    }
+    PartitionGroup* group = FindGroup(group_name);
+    if (!group) {
+        LERROR << "Cannot change size of unknown partition group: " << group_name;
+        return false;
+    }
+    group->set_maximum_size(maximum_size);
     return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/builder_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/builder_test.cpp
index da9c8f3..7d615a3 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/builder_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/builder_test.cpp
@@ -14,24 +14,42 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <fs_mgr.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <liblp/builder.h>
-#include "fs_mgr.h"
+
 #include "utility.h"
 
 using namespace std;
 using namespace android::fs_mgr;
+using ::testing::ElementsAre;
 
-static const char* TEST_GUID = "A799D1D6-669F-41D8-A3F0-EBB7572D8302";
-static const char* TEST_GUID2 = "A799D1D6-669F-41D8-A3F0-EBB7572D8303";
+class Environment : public ::testing::Environment {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override { MetadataBuilder::OverrideABForTesting(false); }
+};
 
-TEST(liblp, BuildBasic) {
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    std::unique_ptr<Environment> env(new Environment);
+    ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(env.get());
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
+
+class BuilderTest : public ::testing::Test {
+  public:
+    void SetUp() override { MetadataBuilder::OverrideABForTesting(false); }
+    void TearDown() override { MetadataBuilder::OverrideABForTesting(false); }
+};
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, BuildBasic) {
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
 
-    Partition* partition = builder->AddPartition("system", TEST_GUID, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    Partition* partition = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
     ASSERT_NE(partition, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(partition->name(), "system");
-    EXPECT_EQ(partition->guid(), TEST_GUID);
     EXPECT_EQ(partition->attributes(), LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
     EXPECT_EQ(partition->size(), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(builder->FindPartition("system"), partition);
@@ -40,10 +58,11 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(builder->FindPartition("system"), nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, ResizePartition) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, ResizePartition) {
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
 
-    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", TEST_GUID, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
     ASSERT_NE(system, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 65536), true);
     EXPECT_EQ(system->size(), 65536);
@@ -52,8 +71,11 @@
     LinearExtent* extent = system->extents()[0]->AsLinearExtent();
     ASSERT_NE(extent, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(extent->num_sectors(), 65536 / LP_SECTOR_SIZE);
-    // The first logical sector will be (4096+1024*2)/512 = 12.
-    EXPECT_EQ(extent->physical_sector(), 12);
+    // The first logical sector will be:
+    //      (LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES + 4096*2 + 1024*4) / 512
+    // Or, in terms of sectors (reserved + geometry + metadata):
+    //      (8 + 16 + 8) = 32
+    EXPECT_EQ(extent->physical_sector(), 32);
 
     // Test resizing to the same size.
     EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 65536), true);
@@ -82,7 +104,7 @@
     extent = system->extents()[0]->AsLinearExtent();
     ASSERT_NE(extent, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(extent->num_sectors(), 32768 / LP_SECTOR_SIZE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(extent->physical_sector(), 12);
+    EXPECT_EQ(extent->physical_sector(), 32);
 
     // Test shrinking to 0.
     builder->ResizePartition(system, 0);
@@ -90,11 +112,12 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(system->extents().size(), 0);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, PartitionAlignment) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, PartitionAlignment) {
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
 
     // Test that we align up to one sector.
-    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", TEST_GUID, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
     ASSERT_NE(system, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 10000), true);
     EXPECT_EQ(system->size(), 12288);
@@ -105,7 +128,7 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(system->extents().size(), 1);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, DiskAlignment) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, DiskAlignment) {
     static const uint64_t kDiskSize = 1000000;
     static const uint32_t kMetadataSize = 1024;
     static const uint32_t kMetadataSlots = 2;
@@ -115,23 +138,25 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(builder, nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, MetadataAlignment) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, MetadataAlignment) {
     // Make sure metadata sizes get aligned up.
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1000, 2);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
     unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
     ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(exported->geometry.metadata_max_size, 1024);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, InternalAlignment) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, InternalAlignment) {
     // Test the metadata fitting within alignment.
-    BlockDeviceInfo device_info(1024 * 1024, 768 * 1024, 0, 4096);
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 768 * 1024, 0, 4096);
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 2);
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
     unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
     ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
-    EXPECT_EQ(exported->geometry.first_logical_sector, 1536);
-    EXPECT_EQ(exported->geometry.last_logical_sector, 2031);
+    auto super_device = GetMetadataSuperBlockDevice(*exported.get());
+    ASSERT_NE(super_device, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(super_device->first_logical_sector, 1536);
 
     // Test a large alignment offset thrown in.
     device_info.alignment_offset = 753664;
@@ -139,8 +164,9 @@
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
     exported = builder->Export();
     ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
-    EXPECT_EQ(exported->geometry.first_logical_sector, 1472);
-    EXPECT_EQ(exported->geometry.last_logical_sector, 2031);
+    super_device = GetMetadataSuperBlockDevice(*exported.get());
+    ASSERT_NE(super_device, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(super_device->first_logical_sector, 1472);
 
     // Alignment offset without alignment doesn't mean anything.
     device_info.alignment = 0;
@@ -154,8 +180,9 @@
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
     exported = builder->Export();
     ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
-    EXPECT_EQ(exported->geometry.first_logical_sector, 78);
-    EXPECT_EQ(exported->geometry.last_logical_sector, 1973);
+    super_device = GetMetadataSuperBlockDevice(*exported.get());
+    ASSERT_NE(super_device, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(super_device->first_logical_sector, 174);
 
     // Test a small alignment with no alignment offset.
     device_info.alignment = 11 * 1024;
@@ -163,17 +190,18 @@
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
     exported = builder->Export();
     ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
-    EXPECT_EQ(exported->geometry.first_logical_sector, 72);
-    EXPECT_EQ(exported->geometry.last_logical_sector, 1975);
+    super_device = GetMetadataSuperBlockDevice(*exported.get());
+    ASSERT_NE(super_device, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(super_device->first_logical_sector, 160);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, InternalPartitionAlignment) {
-    BlockDeviceInfo device_info(512 * 1024 * 1024, 768 * 1024, 753664, 4096);
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, InternalPartitionAlignment) {
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 512 * 1024 * 1024, 768 * 1024, 753664, 4096);
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 32 * 1024, 2);
 
-    Partition* a = builder->AddPartition("a", TEST_GUID, 0);
+    Partition* a = builder->AddPartition("a", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(a, nullptr);
-    Partition* b = builder->AddPartition("b", TEST_GUID2, 0);
+    Partition* b = builder->AddPartition("b", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(b, nullptr);
 
     // Add a bunch of small extents to each, interleaving.
@@ -181,8 +209,8 @@
         ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(a, a->size() + 4096));
         ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(b, b->size() + 4096));
     }
-    EXPECT_EQ(a->size(), 40960);
-    EXPECT_EQ(b->size(), 40960);
+    EXPECT_EQ(a->size(), 7864320);
+    EXPECT_EQ(b->size(), 7864320);
 
     unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
     ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
@@ -190,7 +218,7 @@
     // Check that each starting sector is aligned.
     for (const auto& extent : exported->extents) {
         ASSERT_EQ(extent.target_type, LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR);
-        EXPECT_EQ(extent.num_sectors, 8);
+        EXPECT_EQ(extent.num_sectors, 1536);
 
         uint64_t lba = extent.target_data * LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
         uint64_t aligned_lba = AlignTo(lba, device_info.alignment, device_info.alignment_offset);
@@ -201,22 +229,37 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(exported->extents.back().target_data, 30656);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, UseAllDiskSpace) {
-    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
-    EXPECT_EQ(builder->AllocatableSpace(), 1036288);
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, UseAllDiskSpace) {
+    static constexpr uint64_t total = 1024 * 1024;
+    static constexpr uint64_t metadata = 1024;
+    static constexpr uint64_t slots = 2;
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(total, metadata, slots);
+    // We reserve a geometry block (4KB) plus space for each copy of the
+    // maximum size of a metadata blob. Then, we double that space since
+    // we store a backup copy of everything.
+    static constexpr uint64_t geometry = 4 * 1024;
+    static constexpr uint64_t allocatable =
+            total - (metadata * slots + geometry) * 2 - LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES;
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->AllocatableSpace(), allocatable);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->UsedSpace(), 0);
 
-    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", TEST_GUID, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
     ASSERT_NE(system, nullptr);
-    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 1036288), true);
-    EXPECT_EQ(system->size(), 1036288);
-    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 1036289), false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, allocatable), true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(system->size(), allocatable);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->UsedSpace(), allocatable);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->AllocatableSpace(), allocatable);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, allocatable + 1), false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(system->size(), allocatable);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->UsedSpace(), allocatable);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->AllocatableSpace(), allocatable);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, BuildComplex) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, BuildComplex) {
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
 
-    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", TEST_GUID, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
-    Partition* vendor = builder->AddPartition("vendor", TEST_GUID2, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    Partition* vendor = builder->AddPartition("vendor", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
     ASSERT_NE(system, nullptr);
     ASSERT_NE(vendor, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 65536), true);
@@ -237,39 +280,39 @@
     ASSERT_NE(system2, nullptr);
     ASSERT_NE(vendor1, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(system1->num_sectors(), 65536 / LP_SECTOR_SIZE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(system1->physical_sector(), 12);
+    EXPECT_EQ(system1->physical_sector(), 32);
     EXPECT_EQ(system2->num_sectors(), 32768 / LP_SECTOR_SIZE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(system2->physical_sector(), 204);
+    EXPECT_EQ(system2->physical_sector(), 224);
     EXPECT_EQ(vendor1->num_sectors(), 32768 / LP_SECTOR_SIZE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(vendor1->physical_sector(), 140);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vendor1->physical_sector(), 160);
     EXPECT_EQ(system1->physical_sector() + system1->num_sectors(), vendor1->physical_sector());
     EXPECT_EQ(vendor1->physical_sector() + vendor1->num_sectors(), system2->physical_sector());
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, AddInvalidPartition) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, AddInvalidPartition) {
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
 
-    Partition* partition = builder->AddPartition("system", TEST_GUID, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    Partition* partition = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
     ASSERT_NE(partition, nullptr);
 
     // Duplicate name.
-    partition = builder->AddPartition("system", TEST_GUID, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    partition = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
     EXPECT_EQ(partition, nullptr);
 
     // Empty name.
-    partition = builder->AddPartition("", TEST_GUID, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    partition = builder->AddPartition("", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
     EXPECT_EQ(partition, nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, BuilderExport) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, BuilderExport) {
     static const uint64_t kDiskSize = 1024 * 1024;
     static const uint32_t kMetadataSize = 1024;
     static const uint32_t kMetadataSlots = 2;
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder =
             MetadataBuilder::New(kDiskSize, kMetadataSize, kMetadataSlots);
 
-    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", TEST_GUID, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
-    Partition* vendor = builder->AddPartition("vendor", TEST_GUID2, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    Partition* vendor = builder->AddPartition("vendor", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
     ASSERT_NE(system, nullptr);
     ASSERT_NE(vendor, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 65536), true);
@@ -279,6 +322,9 @@
     unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
     EXPECT_NE(exported, nullptr);
 
+    auto super_device = GetMetadataSuperBlockDevice(*exported.get());
+    ASSERT_NE(super_device, nullptr);
+
     // Verify geometry. Some details of this may change if we change the
     // metadata structures. So in addition to checking the exact values, we
     // also check that they are internally consistent after.
@@ -287,14 +333,11 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(geometry.struct_size, sizeof(geometry));
     EXPECT_EQ(geometry.metadata_max_size, 1024);
     EXPECT_EQ(geometry.metadata_slot_count, 2);
-    EXPECT_EQ(geometry.first_logical_sector, 12);
-    EXPECT_EQ(geometry.last_logical_sector, 2035);
+    EXPECT_EQ(super_device->first_logical_sector, 32);
 
     static const size_t kMetadataSpace =
-            (kMetadataSize * kMetadataSlots) + LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE;
-    uint64_t space_at_end = kDiskSize - (geometry.last_logical_sector + 1) * LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
-    EXPECT_GE(space_at_end, kMetadataSpace);
-    EXPECT_GE(geometry.first_logical_sector * LP_SECTOR_SIZE, kMetadataSpace);
+            ((kMetadataSize * kMetadataSlots) + LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE) * 2;
+    EXPECT_GE(super_device->first_logical_sector * LP_SECTOR_SIZE, kMetadataSpace);
 
     // Verify header.
     const LpMetadataHeader& header = exported->header;
@@ -308,7 +351,6 @@
     for (const auto& partition : exported->partitions) {
         Partition* original = builder->FindPartition(GetPartitionName(partition));
         ASSERT_NE(original, nullptr);
-        EXPECT_EQ(original->guid(), GetPartitionGuid(partition));
         for (size_t i = 0; i < partition.num_extents; i++) {
             const auto& extent = exported->extents[partition.first_extent_index + i];
             LinearExtent* original_extent = original->extents()[i]->AsLinearExtent();
@@ -320,11 +362,11 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, BuilderImport) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, BuilderImport) {
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
 
-    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", TEST_GUID, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
-    Partition* vendor = builder->AddPartition("vendor", TEST_GUID2, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    Partition* vendor = builder->AddPartition("vendor", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
     ASSERT_NE(system, nullptr);
     ASSERT_NE(vendor, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 65536), true);
@@ -343,55 +385,43 @@
 
     EXPECT_EQ(system->size(), 98304);
     ASSERT_EQ(system->extents().size(), 2);
-    EXPECT_EQ(system->guid(), TEST_GUID);
     EXPECT_EQ(system->attributes(), LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
     EXPECT_EQ(vendor->size(), 32768);
     ASSERT_EQ(vendor->extents().size(), 1);
-    EXPECT_EQ(vendor->guid(), TEST_GUID2);
     EXPECT_EQ(vendor->attributes(), LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
 
     LinearExtent* system1 = system->extents()[0]->AsLinearExtent();
     LinearExtent* system2 = system->extents()[1]->AsLinearExtent();
     LinearExtent* vendor1 = vendor->extents()[0]->AsLinearExtent();
     EXPECT_EQ(system1->num_sectors(), 65536 / LP_SECTOR_SIZE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(system1->physical_sector(), 12);
+    EXPECT_EQ(system1->physical_sector(), 32);
     EXPECT_EQ(system2->num_sectors(), 32768 / LP_SECTOR_SIZE);
-    EXPECT_EQ(system2->physical_sector(), 204);
+    EXPECT_EQ(system2->physical_sector(), 224);
     EXPECT_EQ(vendor1->num_sectors(), 32768 / LP_SECTOR_SIZE);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, ExportNameTooLong) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, ExportNameTooLong) {
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
 
     std::string name = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
-    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition(name + name, TEST_GUID, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition(name + name, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
     EXPECT_NE(system, nullptr);
 
     unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
     EXPECT_EQ(exported, nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, ExportInvalidGuid) {
-    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
-
-    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", "bad", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
-    EXPECT_NE(system, nullptr);
-
-    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
-    EXPECT_EQ(exported, nullptr);
-}
-
-TEST(liblp, MetadataTooLarge) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, MetadataTooLarge) {
     static const size_t kDiskSize = 128 * 1024;
     static const size_t kMetadataSize = 64 * 1024;
 
     // No space to store metadata + geometry.
-    BlockDeviceInfo device_info(kDiskSize, 0, 0, 4096);
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", kDiskSize, 0, 0, 4096);
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, kMetadataSize, 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(builder, nullptr);
 
     // No space to store metadata + geometry + one free sector.
-    device_info.size += LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE * 2;
+    device_info.size += LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES + (LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE * 2);
     builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, kMetadataSize, 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(builder, nullptr);
 
@@ -411,18 +441,15 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(builder, nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, block_device_info) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, block_device_info) {
     std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
                                                                fs_mgr_free_fstab);
     ASSERT_NE(fstab, nullptr);
 
-    // This should read from the "super" partition once we have a well-defined
-    // way to access it.
-    struct fstab_rec* rec = fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(fstab.get(), "/data");
-    ASSERT_NE(rec, nullptr);
+    PartitionOpener opener;
 
     BlockDeviceInfo device_info;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(GetBlockDeviceInfo(rec->blk_device, &device_info));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(opener.GetInfo(fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(), &device_info));
 
     // Sanity check that the device doesn't give us some weird inefficient
     // alignment.
@@ -435,49 +462,375 @@
     ASSERT_LT(device_info.alignment_offset, device_info.alignment);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, UpdateBlockDeviceInfo) {
-    BlockDeviceInfo device_info(1024 * 1024, 4096, 1024, 4096);
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, UpdateBlockDeviceInfo) {
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 4096, 1024, 4096);
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(builder->block_device_info().size, device_info.size);
-    EXPECT_EQ(builder->block_device_info().alignment, device_info.alignment);
-    EXPECT_EQ(builder->block_device_info().alignment_offset, device_info.alignment_offset);
-    EXPECT_EQ(builder->block_device_info().logical_block_size, device_info.logical_block_size);
+    BlockDeviceInfo new_info;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->GetBlockDeviceInfo("super", &new_info));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(new_info.size, device_info.size);
+    EXPECT_EQ(new_info.alignment, device_info.alignment);
+    EXPECT_EQ(new_info.alignment_offset, device_info.alignment_offset);
+    EXPECT_EQ(new_info.logical_block_size, device_info.logical_block_size);
 
     device_info.alignment = 0;
     device_info.alignment_offset = 2048;
-    builder->set_block_device_info(device_info);
-    EXPECT_EQ(builder->block_device_info().alignment, 4096);
-    EXPECT_EQ(builder->block_device_info().alignment_offset, device_info.alignment_offset);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->UpdateBlockDeviceInfo("super", device_info));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->GetBlockDeviceInfo("super", &new_info));
+    EXPECT_EQ(new_info.alignment, 4096);
+    EXPECT_EQ(new_info.alignment_offset, device_info.alignment_offset);
 
     device_info.alignment = 8192;
     device_info.alignment_offset = 0;
-    builder->set_block_device_info(device_info);
-    EXPECT_EQ(builder->block_device_info().alignment, 8192);
-    EXPECT_EQ(builder->block_device_info().alignment_offset, 2048);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->UpdateBlockDeviceInfo("super", device_info));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->GetBlockDeviceInfo("super", &new_info));
+    EXPECT_EQ(new_info.alignment, 8192);
+    EXPECT_EQ(new_info.alignment_offset, 2048);
+
+    new_info.size += 4096;
+    ASSERT_FALSE(builder->UpdateBlockDeviceInfo("super", new_info));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->GetBlockDeviceInfo("super", &new_info));
+    EXPECT_EQ(new_info.size, 1024 * 1024);
+
+    new_info.logical_block_size = 512;
+    ASSERT_FALSE(builder->UpdateBlockDeviceInfo("super", new_info));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->GetBlockDeviceInfo("super", &new_info));
+    EXPECT_EQ(new_info.logical_block_size, 4096);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, InvalidBlockSize) {
-    BlockDeviceInfo device_info(1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 513);
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, InvalidBlockSize) {
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 513);
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(builder, nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, AlignedExtentSize) {
-    BlockDeviceInfo device_info(1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 4096);
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, AlignedExtentSize) {
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 4096);
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
 
-    Partition* partition = builder->AddPartition("system", TEST_GUID, 0);
+    Partition* partition = builder->AddPartition("system", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(partition, nullptr);
     ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(partition, 512));
     EXPECT_EQ(partition->size(), 4096);
 }
 
-TEST(liblp, AlignedFreeSpace) {
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, AlignedFreeSpace) {
     // Only one sector free - at least one block is required.
-    BlockDeviceInfo device_info(10240, 0, 0, 4096);
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 10240, 0, 0, 4096);
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 512, 1);
     ASSERT_EQ(builder, nullptr);
 }
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, HasDefaultGroup) {
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 4096);
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(builder->AddGroup("default", 0));
+}
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, GroupSizeLimits) {
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 4096);
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->AddGroup("google", 16384));
+
+    Partition* partition = builder->AddPartition("system", "google", 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(partition, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(partition, 8192));
+    EXPECT_EQ(partition->size(), 8192);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(partition, 16384));
+    EXPECT_EQ(partition->size(), 16384);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(builder->ResizePartition(partition, 32768));
+    EXPECT_EQ(partition->size(), 16384);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, ListPartitionsInGroup) {
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 4096);
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->AddGroup("groupA", 16384));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->AddGroup("groupB", 16384));
+
+    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", "groupA", 0);
+    Partition* vendor = builder->AddPartition("vendor", "groupA", 0);
+    Partition* product = builder->AddPartition("product", "groupB", 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(system, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(vendor, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(product, nullptr);
+
+    auto groupA = builder->ListPartitionsInGroup("groupA");
+    auto groupB = builder->ListPartitionsInGroup("groupB");
+    auto groupC = builder->ListPartitionsInGroup("groupC");
+    ASSERT_THAT(groupA, ElementsAre(system, vendor));
+    ASSERT_THAT(groupB, ElementsAre(product));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(groupC.empty());
+}
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, ChangeGroups) {
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 4096);
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->AddGroup("groupA", 16384));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->AddGroup("groupB", 32768));
+
+    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", "groupA", 0);
+    Partition* vendor = builder->AddPartition("vendor", "groupB", 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(system, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(vendor, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder->Export(), nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(builder->ChangePartitionGroup(system, "groupXYZ"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ChangePartitionGroup(system, "groupB"));
+    ASSERT_NE(builder->Export(), nullptr);
+
+    // Violate group constraint by reassigning groups.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(system, 16384 + 4096));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ChangePartitionGroup(system, "groupA"));
+    ASSERT_EQ(builder->Export(), nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(builder->ChangeGroupSize("default", 2));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(builder->ChangeGroupSize("unknown", 2));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ChangeGroupSize("groupA", 32768));
+    ASSERT_NE(builder->Export(), nullptr);
+}
+
+constexpr unsigned long long operator"" _GiB(unsigned long long x) {  // NOLINT
+    return x << 30;
+}
+constexpr unsigned long long operator"" _MiB(unsigned long long x) {  // NOLINT
+    return x << 20;
+}
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, RemoveAndAddFirstPartition) {
+    auto builder = MetadataBuilder::New(10_GiB, 65536, 2);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, builder);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->AddGroup("foo_a", 5_GiB));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->AddGroup("foo_b", 5_GiB));
+    android::fs_mgr::Partition* p;
+    p = builder->AddPartition("system_a", "foo_a", 0);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(p && builder->ResizePartition(p, 2_GiB));
+    p = builder->AddPartition("vendor_a", "foo_a", 0);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(p && builder->ResizePartition(p, 1_GiB));
+    p = builder->AddPartition("system_b", "foo_b", 0);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(p && builder->ResizePartition(p, 2_GiB));
+    p = builder->AddPartition("vendor_b", "foo_b", 0);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(p && builder->ResizePartition(p, 1_GiB));
+
+    builder->RemovePartition("system_a");
+    builder->RemovePartition("vendor_a");
+    p = builder->AddPartition("system_a", "foo_a", 0);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(p && builder->ResizePartition(p, 3_GiB));
+    p = builder->AddPartition("vendor_a", "foo_a", 0);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(p && builder->ResizePartition(p, 1_GiB));
+}
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, ListGroups) {
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 4096);
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->AddGroup("example", 0));
+
+    std::vector<std::string> groups = builder->ListGroups();
+    ASSERT_THAT(groups, ElementsAre("default", "example"));
+}
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, RemoveGroupAndPartitions) {
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 4096);
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->AddGroup("example", 0));
+    ASSERT_NE(builder->AddPartition("system", "default", 0), nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder->AddPartition("vendor", "example", 0), nullptr);
+
+    builder->RemoveGroupAndPartitions("example");
+    ASSERT_NE(builder->FindPartition("system"), nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(builder->FindPartition("vendor"), nullptr);
+    ASSERT_THAT(builder->ListGroups(), ElementsAre("default"));
+
+    builder->RemoveGroupAndPartitions("default");
+    ASSERT_NE(builder->FindPartition("system"), nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, MultipleBlockDevices) {
+    std::vector<BlockDeviceInfo> partitions = {
+            BlockDeviceInfo("system_a", 256_MiB, 786432, 229376, 4096),
+            BlockDeviceInfo("vendor_a", 128_MiB, 786432, 753664, 4096),
+            BlockDeviceInfo("product_a", 64_MiB, 786432, 753664, 4096),
+    };
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(partitions, "system_a", 65536, 2);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->AllocatableSpace(), 467238912);
+
+    // Create a partition that spans 3 devices.
+    Partition* p = builder->AddPartition("system_a", 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(p, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(p, 466976768));
+
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(metadata, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(metadata->block_devices.size(), 3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetBlockDevicePartitionName(metadata->block_devices[0]), "system_a");
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->block_devices[0].size, 256_MiB);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->block_devices[0].alignment, 786432);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->block_devices[0].alignment_offset, 229376);
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetBlockDevicePartitionName(metadata->block_devices[1]), "vendor_a");
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->block_devices[1].size, 128_MiB);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->block_devices[1].alignment, 786432);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->block_devices[1].alignment_offset, 753664);
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetBlockDevicePartitionName(metadata->block_devices[2]), "product_a");
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->block_devices[2].size, 64_MiB);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->block_devices[2].alignment, 786432);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->block_devices[2].alignment_offset, 753664);
+    ASSERT_EQ(metadata->extents.size(), 3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->extents[0].num_sectors, 522304);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->extents[0].target_type, LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->extents[0].target_data, 1984);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->extents[0].target_source, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->extents[1].num_sectors, 260672);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->extents[1].target_type, LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->extents[1].target_data, 1472);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->extents[1].target_source, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->extents[2].num_sectors, 129600);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->extents[2].target_type, LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->extents[2].target_data, 1472);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->extents[2].target_source, 2);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, ImportPartitionsOk) {
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+
+    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    Partition* vendor = builder->AddPartition("vendor", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    ASSERT_NE(system, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(vendor, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 65536), true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(vendor, 32768), true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 98304), true);
+
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
+
+    builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ImportPartitions(*exported.get(), {"vendor"}));
+    EXPECT_NE(builder->FindPartition("vendor"), nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->FindPartition("system"), nullptr);
+
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> new_metadata = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(new_metadata, nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(exported->partitions.size(), static_cast<size_t>(2));
+    ASSERT_EQ(GetPartitionName(exported->partitions[1]), "vendor");
+    ASSERT_EQ(new_metadata->partitions.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(GetPartitionName(new_metadata->partitions[0]), "vendor");
+
+    const LpMetadataExtent& extent_a =
+            exported->extents[exported->partitions[1].first_extent_index];
+    const LpMetadataExtent& extent_b =
+            new_metadata->extents[new_metadata->partitions[0].first_extent_index];
+    EXPECT_EQ(extent_a.num_sectors, extent_b.num_sectors);
+    EXPECT_EQ(extent_a.target_type, extent_b.target_type);
+    EXPECT_EQ(extent_a.target_data, extent_b.target_data);
+    EXPECT_EQ(extent_a.target_source, extent_b.target_source);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, ImportPartitionsFail) {
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+
+    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    Partition* vendor = builder->AddPartition("vendor", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
+    ASSERT_NE(system, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(vendor, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 65536), true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(vendor, 32768), true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 98304), true);
+
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
+
+    // Different device size.
+    builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 2048, 1024, 2);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(builder->ImportPartitions(*exported.get(), {"system"}));
+}
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, UnsuffixedPartitions) {
+    MetadataBuilder::OverrideABForTesting(true);
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(builder->AddPartition("system", 0), nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder->AddPartition("system_a", 0), nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, ABExtents) {
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 10_GiB, 768 * 1024, 0, 4096);
+
+    // A and B slots should be allocated from separate halves of the partition,
+    // to mitigate allocating too many extents. (b/120433288)
+    MetadataBuilder::OverrideABForTesting(true);
+    auto builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 65536, 2);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+    Partition* system_a = builder->AddPartition("system_a", 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(system_a, nullptr);
+    Partition* system_b = builder->AddPartition("system_b", 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(system_b, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(system_a, 2_GiB));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(system_b, 2_GiB));
+
+    builder->RemovePartition("system_a");
+    system_a = builder->AddPartition("system_a", 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(system_a, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(system_a, 3_GiB));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(system_a->extents().size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(system_b->extents().size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(system_b, 6_GiB));
+    EXPECT_EQ(system_b->extents().size(), static_cast<size_t>(2));
+
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(exported->extents.size(), static_cast<size_t>(3));
+    EXPECT_EQ(exported->extents[0].target_data, 10487808);
+    EXPECT_EQ(exported->extents[0].num_sectors, 10483712);
+    EXPECT_EQ(exported->extents[1].target_data, 6292992);
+    EXPECT_EQ(exported->extents[1].num_sectors, 2099712);
+    EXPECT_EQ(exported->extents[2].target_data, 1536);
+    EXPECT_EQ(exported->extents[2].num_sectors, 6291456);
+}
+
+TEST_F(BuilderTest, PartialExtents) {
+    // super has a minimum extent size of 768KiB.
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", 1_GiB, 768 * 1024, 0, 4096);
+    auto builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 65536, 1);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(system, nullptr);
+    Partition* vendor = builder->AddPartition("vendor", 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(vendor, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(system, device_info.alignment + 4096));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(vendor, device_info.alignment));
+    ASSERT_EQ(system->size(), device_info.alignment * 2);
+    ASSERT_EQ(vendor->size(), device_info.alignment);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(system, device_info.alignment * 2));
+    ASSERT_EQ(system->extents().size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(exported->extents.size(), static_cast<size_t>(2));
+    EXPECT_EQ(exported->extents[0].target_data, 1536);
+    EXPECT_EQ(exported->extents[0].num_sectors, 3072);
+    EXPECT_EQ(exported->extents[1].target_data, 4608);
+    EXPECT_EQ(exported->extents[1].num_sectors, 1536);
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/images.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/images.cpp
index 742b1d0..5a498f9 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/images.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/images.cpp
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@
 #include <limits.h>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
-#include <sparse/sparse.h>
 
 #include "reader.h"
 #include "utility.h"
@@ -29,13 +27,24 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace fs_mgr {
 
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+static const int O_NOFOLLOW = 0;
+#endif
+
 std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadFromImageFile(int fd) {
-    LpMetadataGeometry geometry;
-    if (!ReadLogicalPartitionGeometry(fd, &geometry)) {
+    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> buffer = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE);
+    if (SeekFile64(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " lseek failed";
         return nullptr;
     }
-    if (SeekFile64(fd, LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "lseek failed: offset " << LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE;
+    if (!android::base::ReadFully(fd, buffer.get(), LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE)) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " read failed";
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    LpMetadataGeometry geometry;
+    if (!ParseGeometry(buffer.get(), &geometry)) {
         return nullptr;
     }
     return ParseMetadata(geometry, fd);
@@ -58,10 +67,10 @@
     return ParseMetadata(geometry, metadata_buffer, metadata_buffer_size);
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadFromImageFile(const char* file) {
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(open(file, O_RDONLY));
+std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadFromImageFile(const std::string& image_file) {
+    unique_fd fd(open(image_file.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
     if (fd < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "open failed: " << file;
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " open failed: " << image_file;
         return nullptr;
     }
     return ReadFromImageFile(fd);
@@ -74,65 +83,83 @@
     std::string everything = geometry + metadata;
 
     if (!android::base::WriteFully(fd, everything.data(), everything.size())) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "write " << everything.size() << " bytes failed";
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " write " << everything.size() << " bytes failed";
         return false;
     }
     return true;
 }
 
 bool WriteToImageFile(const char* file, const LpMetadata& input) {
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(open(file, O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC, 0644));
+    unique_fd fd(open(file, O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0644));
     if (fd < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "open failed: " << file;
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " open failed: " << file;
         return false;
     }
     return WriteToImageFile(fd, input);
 }
 
-// We use an object to build the sparse file since it requires that data
-// pointers be held alive until the sparse file is destroyed. It's easier
-// to do this when the data pointers are all in one place.
-class SparseBuilder {
-  public:
-    SparseBuilder(const LpMetadata& metadata, uint32_t block_size,
-                  const std::map<std::string, std::string>& images);
-
-    bool Build();
-    bool Export(const char* file);
-    bool IsValid() const { return file_ != nullptr; }
-
-  private:
-    bool AddData(const std::string& blob, uint64_t sector);
-    bool AddPartitionImage(const LpMetadataPartition& partition, const std::string& file);
-    int OpenImageFile(const std::string& file);
-    bool SectorToBlock(uint64_t sector, uint32_t* block);
-
-    const LpMetadata& metadata_;
-    const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry_;
-    uint32_t block_size_;
-    std::unique_ptr<sparse_file, decltype(&sparse_file_destroy)> file_;
-    std::string primary_blob_;
-    std::string backup_blob_;
-    std::map<std::string, std::string> images_;
-    std::vector<android::base::unique_fd> temp_fds_;
-};
-
 SparseBuilder::SparseBuilder(const LpMetadata& metadata, uint32_t block_size,
                              const std::map<std::string, std::string>& images)
     : metadata_(metadata),
       geometry_(metadata.geometry),
       block_size_(block_size),
-      file_(sparse_file_new(block_size_, geometry_.block_device_size), sparse_file_destroy),
-      images_(images) {}
+      images_(images) {
+    uint64_t total_size = GetTotalSuperPartitionSize(metadata);
+    if (block_size % LP_SECTOR_SIZE != 0) {
+        LERROR << "Block size must be a multiple of the sector size, " << LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (total_size % block_size != 0) {
+        LERROR << "Device size must be a multiple of the block size, " << block_size;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (metadata.geometry.metadata_max_size % block_size != 0) {
+        LERROR << "Metadata max size must be a multiple of the block size, " << block_size;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE % block_size != 0) {
+        LERROR << "Geometry size is not a multiple of the block size, " << block_size;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES % block_size != 0) {
+        LERROR << "Reserved size is not a multiple of the block size, " << block_size;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t num_blocks = total_size / block_size;
+    if (num_blocks >= UINT_MAX) {
+        // libsparse counts blocks in unsigned 32-bit integers, so we check to
+        // make sure we're not going to overflow.
+        LERROR << "Block device is too large to encode with libsparse.";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& block_device : metadata.block_devices) {
+        SparsePtr file(sparse_file_new(block_size_, block_device.size), sparse_file_destroy);
+        if (!file) {
+            LERROR << "Could not allocate sparse file of size " << block_device.size;
+            return;
+        }
+        device_images_.emplace_back(std::move(file));
+    }
+}
+
+bool SparseBuilder::IsValid() const {
+    return device_images_.size() == metadata_.block_devices.size();
+}
 
 bool SparseBuilder::Export(const char* file) {
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(open(file, O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC, 0644));
+    unique_fd fd(open(file, O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0644));
     if (fd < 0) {
         PERROR << "open failed: " << file;
         return false;
     }
+    if (device_images_.size() > 1) {
+        LERROR << "Cannot export to a single image on retrofit builds.";
+        return false;
+    }
     // No gzip compression; sparseify; no checksum.
-    int ret = sparse_file_write(file_.get(), fd, false, true, false);
+    int ret = sparse_file_write(device_images_[0].get(), fd, false, true, false);
     if (ret != 0) {
         LERROR << "sparse_file_write failed (error code " << ret << ")";
         return false;
@@ -140,13 +167,35 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool SparseBuilder::AddData(const std::string& blob, uint64_t sector) {
+bool SparseBuilder::ExportFiles(const std::string& output_dir) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < device_images_.size(); i++) {
+        std::string name = GetBlockDevicePartitionName(metadata_.block_devices[i]);
+        std::string file_name = "super_" + name + ".img";
+        std::string file_path = output_dir + "/" + file_name;
+
+        static const int kOpenFlags = O_CREAT | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW;
+        unique_fd fd(open(file_path.c_str(), kOpenFlags, 0644));
+        if (fd < 0) {
+            PERROR << "open failed: " << file_path;
+            return false;
+        }
+        // No gzip compression; sparseify; no checksum.
+        int ret = sparse_file_write(device_images_[i].get(), fd, false, true, false);
+        if (ret != 0) {
+            LERROR << "sparse_file_write failed (error code " << ret << ")";
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool SparseBuilder::AddData(sparse_file* file, const std::string& blob, uint64_t sector) {
     uint32_t block;
     if (!SectorToBlock(sector, &block)) {
         return false;
     }
     void* data = const_cast<char*>(blob.data());
-    int ret = sparse_file_add_data(file_.get(), data, blob.size(), block);
+    int ret = sparse_file_add_data(file, data, blob.size(), block);
     if (ret != 0) {
         LERROR << "sparse_file_add_data failed (error code " << ret << ")";
         return false;
@@ -169,21 +218,32 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+uint64_t SparseBuilder::BlockToSector(uint64_t block) const {
+    return (block * block_size_) / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+}
+
 bool SparseBuilder::Build() {
+    if (sparse_file_add_fill(device_images_[0].get(), 0, LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES, 0) < 0) {
+        LERROR << "Could not add initial sparse block for reserved zeroes";
+        return false;
+    }
+
     std::string geometry_blob = SerializeGeometry(geometry_);
     std::string metadata_blob = SerializeMetadata(metadata_);
     metadata_blob.resize(geometry_.metadata_max_size);
 
-    std::string all_metadata;
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < geometry_.metadata_slot_count; i++) {
-        all_metadata += metadata_blob;
+    // Two copies of geometry, then two copies of each metadata slot.
+    all_metadata_ += geometry_blob + geometry_blob;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < geometry_.metadata_slot_count * 2; i++) {
+        all_metadata_ += metadata_blob;
     }
 
-    // Metadata immediately follows geometry, and we write the same metadata
-    // to all slots. Note that we don't bother trying to write skip chunks
-    // here since it's a small amount of data.
-    primary_blob_ = geometry_blob + all_metadata;
-    if (!AddData(primary_blob_, 0)) {
+    uint64_t first_sector = LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+    if (!AddData(device_images_[0].get(), all_metadata_, first_sector)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!CheckExtentOrdering()) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -202,17 +262,6 @@
         LERROR << "Partition image was specified but no partition was found.";
         return false;
     }
-
-    // The backup area contains all metadata slots, and then geometry. Similar
-    // to before we write the metadata to every slot.
-    int64_t backup_offset = GetBackupMetadataOffset(geometry_, 0);
-    uint64_t backups_start = geometry_.block_device_size + backup_offset;
-    uint64_t backup_sector = backups_start / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
-
-    backup_blob_ = all_metadata + geometry_blob;
-    if (!AddData(backup_blob_, backup_sector)) {
-        return false;
-    }
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -228,13 +277,10 @@
 
 bool SparseBuilder::AddPartitionImage(const LpMetadataPartition& partition,
                                       const std::string& file) {
-    if (partition.num_extents != 1) {
-        LERROR << "Partition for new tables should not have more than one extent: "
-               << GetPartitionName(partition);
-        return false;
-    }
+    // Track which extent we're processing.
+    uint32_t extent_index = partition.first_extent_index;
 
-    const LpMetadataExtent& extent = metadata_.extents[partition.first_extent_index];
+    const LpMetadataExtent& extent = metadata_.extents[extent_index];
     if (extent.target_type != LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR) {
         LERROR << "Partition should only have linear extents: " << GetPartitionName(partition);
         return false;
@@ -252,9 +298,11 @@
         LERROR << "Could not compute image size";
         return false;
     }
-    if (file_length > extent.num_sectors * LP_SECTOR_SIZE) {
+    uint64_t partition_size = ComputePartitionSize(partition);
+    if (file_length > partition_size) {
         LERROR << "Image for partition '" << GetPartitionName(partition)
-               << "' is greater than its size";
+               << "' is greater than its size (" << file_length << ", expected " << partition_size
+               << ")";
         return false;
     }
     if (SeekFile64(fd, 0, SEEK_SET)) {
@@ -262,14 +310,39 @@
         return false;
     }
 
+    // We track the current logical sector and the position the current extent
+    // ends at.
+    uint64_t output_sector = 0;
+    uint64_t extent_last_sector = extent.num_sectors;
+
+    // We also track the output device and the current output block within that
+    // device.
     uint32_t output_block;
     if (!SectorToBlock(extent.target_data, &output_block)) {
         return false;
     }
+    sparse_file* output_device = device_images_[extent.target_source].get();
 
+    // Proceed to read the file and build sparse images.
     uint64_t pos = 0;
     uint64_t remaining = file_length;
     while (remaining) {
+        // Check if we need to advance to the next extent.
+        if (output_sector == extent_last_sector) {
+            extent_index++;
+            if (extent_index >= partition.first_extent_index + partition.num_extents) {
+                LERROR << "image is larger than extent table";
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            const LpMetadataExtent& extent = metadata_.extents[extent_index];
+            extent_last_sector += extent.num_sectors;
+            output_device = device_images_[extent.target_source].get();
+            if (!SectorToBlock(extent.target_data, &output_block)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
         uint32_t buffer[block_size_ / sizeof(uint32_t)];
         size_t read_size = remaining >= sizeof(buffer) ? sizeof(buffer) : size_t(remaining);
         if (!android::base::ReadFully(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer))) {
@@ -277,13 +350,13 @@
             return false;
         }
         if (read_size != sizeof(buffer) || !HasFillValue(buffer, read_size / sizeof(uint32_t))) {
-            int rv = sparse_file_add_fd(file_.get(), fd, pos, read_size, output_block);
+            int rv = sparse_file_add_fd(output_device, fd, pos, read_size, output_block);
             if (rv) {
                 LERROR << "sparse_file_add_fd failed with code: " << rv;
                 return false;
             }
         } else {
-            int rv = sparse_file_add_fill(file_.get(), buffer[0], read_size, output_block);
+            int rv = sparse_file_add_fill(output_device, buffer[0], read_size, output_block);
             if (rv) {
                 LERROR << "sparse_file_add_fill failed with code: " << rv;
                 return false;
@@ -291,76 +364,89 @@
         }
         pos += read_size;
         remaining -= read_size;
+        output_sector += block_size_ / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
         output_block++;
     }
 
     return true;
 }
 
+uint64_t SparseBuilder::ComputePartitionSize(const LpMetadataPartition& partition) const {
+    uint64_t sectors = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < partition.num_extents; i++) {
+        sectors += metadata_.extents[partition.first_extent_index + i].num_sectors;
+    }
+    return sectors * LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+}
+
+// For simplicity, we don't allow serializing any configuration: extents must
+// be ordered, such that any extent at position I in the table occurs *before*
+// any extent after position I, for the same block device. We validate that
+// here.
+//
+// Without this, it would be more difficult to find the appropriate extent for
+// an output block. With this guarantee it is a linear walk.
+bool SparseBuilder::CheckExtentOrdering() {
+    std::vector<uint64_t> last_sectors(metadata_.block_devices.size());
+
+    for (const auto& extent : metadata_.extents) {
+        if (extent.target_type != LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR) {
+            LERROR << "Extents must all be type linear.";
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (extent.target_data <= last_sectors[extent.target_source]) {
+            LERROR << "Extents must appear in increasing order.";
+            return false;
+        }
+        if ((extent.num_sectors * LP_SECTOR_SIZE) % block_size_ != 0) {
+            LERROR << "Extents must be aligned to the block size.";
+            return false;
+        }
+        last_sectors[extent.target_source] = extent.target_data;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 int SparseBuilder::OpenImageFile(const std::string& file) {
-    android::base::unique_fd source_fd(open(file.c_str(), O_RDONLY));
+    android::base::unique_fd source_fd(open(file.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
     if (source_fd < 0) {
         PERROR << "open image file failed: " << file;
         return -1;
     }
 
-    std::unique_ptr<sparse_file, decltype(&sparse_file_destroy)> source(
-            sparse_file_import(source_fd, true, true), sparse_file_destroy);
+    SparsePtr source(sparse_file_import(source_fd, true, true), sparse_file_destroy);
     if (!source) {
         int fd = source_fd.get();
         temp_fds_.push_back(std::move(source_fd));
         return fd;
     }
 
-    char temp_file[PATH_MAX];
-    snprintf(temp_file, sizeof(temp_file), "%s/imageXXXXXX", P_tmpdir);
-    android::base::unique_fd temp_fd(mkstemp(temp_file));
-    if (temp_fd < 0) {
-        PERROR << "mkstemp failed";
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (unlink(temp_file) < 0) {
-        PERROR << "unlink failed";
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    if (tf.fd < 0) {
+        PERROR << "make temporary file failed";
         return -1;
     }
 
     // We temporarily unsparse the file, rather than try to merge its chunks.
-    int rv = sparse_file_write(source.get(), temp_fd, false, false, false);
+    int rv = sparse_file_write(source.get(), tf.fd, false, false, false);
     if (rv) {
         LERROR << "sparse_file_write failed with code: " << rv;
         return -1;
     }
-    temp_fds_.push_back(std::move(temp_fd));
+    temp_fds_.push_back(android::base::unique_fd(tf.release()));
     return temp_fds_.back().get();
 }
 
 bool WriteToSparseFile(const char* file, const LpMetadata& metadata, uint32_t block_size,
                        const std::map<std::string, std::string>& images) {
-    if (block_size % LP_SECTOR_SIZE != 0) {
-        LERROR << "Block size must be a multiple of the sector size, " << LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (metadata.geometry.block_device_size % block_size != 0) {
-        LERROR << "Device size must be a multiple of the block size, " << block_size;
-        return false;
-    }
-    uint64_t num_blocks = metadata.geometry.block_device_size % block_size;
-    if (num_blocks >= UINT_MAX) {
-        // libsparse counts blocks in unsigned 32-bit integers, so we check to
-        // make sure we're not going to overflow.
-        LERROR << "Block device is too large to encode with libsparse.";
-        return false;
-    }
-
     SparseBuilder builder(metadata, block_size, images);
-    if (!builder.IsValid()) {
-        LERROR << "Could not allocate sparse file of size " << metadata.geometry.block_device_size;
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (!builder.Build()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    return builder.Export(file);
+    return builder.IsValid() && builder.Build() && builder.Export(file);
+}
+
+bool WriteSplitSparseFiles(const std::string& output_dir, const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                           uint32_t block_size, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& images) {
+    SparseBuilder builder(metadata, block_size, images);
+    return builder.IsValid() && builder.Build() && builder.ExportFiles(output_dir);
 }
 
 }  // namespace fs_mgr
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/images.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/images.h
index 3a999b8..44217a0 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/images.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/images.h
@@ -14,7 +14,14 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <liblp/liblp.h>
+#include <sparse/sparse.h>
 
 namespace android {
 namespace fs_mgr {
@@ -25,5 +32,40 @@
 bool WriteToImageFile(const char* file, const LpMetadata& metadata);
 bool WriteToImageFile(int fd, const LpMetadata& metadata);
 
+// We use an object to build the sparse file since it requires that data
+// pointers be held alive until the sparse file is destroyed. It's easier
+// to do this when the data pointers are all in one place.
+class SparseBuilder {
+  public:
+    SparseBuilder(const LpMetadata& metadata, uint32_t block_size,
+                  const std::map<std::string, std::string>& images);
+
+    bool Build();
+    bool Export(const char* file);
+    bool ExportFiles(const std::string& dir);
+    bool IsValid() const;
+
+    using SparsePtr = std::unique_ptr<sparse_file, decltype(&sparse_file_destroy)>;
+    const std::vector<SparsePtr>& device_images() const { return device_images_; }
+
+  private:
+    bool AddData(sparse_file* file, const std::string& blob, uint64_t sector);
+    bool AddPartitionImage(const LpMetadataPartition& partition, const std::string& file);
+    int OpenImageFile(const std::string& file);
+    bool SectorToBlock(uint64_t sector, uint32_t* block);
+    uint64_t BlockToSector(uint64_t block) const;
+    bool CheckExtentOrdering();
+    uint64_t ComputePartitionSize(const LpMetadataPartition& partition) const;
+
+    const LpMetadata& metadata_;
+    const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry_;
+    uint32_t block_size_;
+
+    std::vector<SparsePtr> device_images_;
+    std::string all_metadata_;
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> images_;
+    std::vector<android::base::unique_fd> temp_fds_;
+};
+
 }  // namespace fs_mgr
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/builder.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/builder.h
index a35cf8e..53f480f 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/builder.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/builder.h
@@ -22,8 +22,11 @@
 
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+#include <set>
 
 #include "liblp.h"
+#include "partition_opener.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace fs_mgr {
@@ -34,34 +37,13 @@
 static const uint32_t kDefaultPartitionAlignment = 1024 * 1024;
 static const uint32_t kDefaultBlockSize = 4096;
 
-struct BlockDeviceInfo {
-    BlockDeviceInfo() : size(0), alignment(0), alignment_offset(0), logical_block_size(0) {}
-    BlockDeviceInfo(uint64_t size, uint32_t alignment, uint32_t alignment_offset,
-                    uint32_t logical_block_size)
-        : size(size),
-          alignment(alignment),
-          alignment_offset(alignment_offset),
-          logical_block_size(logical_block_size) {}
-    // Size of the block device, in bytes.
-    uint64_t size;
-    // Optimal target alignment, in bytes. Partition extents will be aligned to
-    // this value by default. This value must be 0 or a multiple of 512.
-    uint32_t alignment;
-    // Alignment offset to parent device (if any), in bytes. The sector at
-    // |alignment_offset| on the target device is correctly aligned on its
-    // parent device. This value must be 0 or a multiple of 512.
-    uint32_t alignment_offset;
-    // Block size, for aligning extent sizes and partition sizes.
-    uint32_t logical_block_size;
-};
-
 // Abstraction around dm-targets that can be encoded into logical partition tables.
 class Extent {
   public:
     explicit Extent(uint64_t num_sectors) : num_sectors_(num_sectors) {}
     virtual ~Extent() {}
 
-    virtual void AddTo(LpMetadata* out) const = 0;
+    virtual bool AddTo(LpMetadata* out) const = 0;
     virtual LinearExtent* AsLinearExtent() { return nullptr; }
 
     uint64_t num_sectors() const { return num_sectors_; }
@@ -74,16 +56,18 @@
 // This corresponds to a dm-linear target.
 class LinearExtent final : public Extent {
   public:
-    LinearExtent(uint64_t num_sectors, uint64_t physical_sector)
-        : Extent(num_sectors), physical_sector_(physical_sector) {}
+    LinearExtent(uint64_t num_sectors, uint32_t device_index, uint64_t physical_sector)
+        : Extent(num_sectors), device_index_(device_index), physical_sector_(physical_sector) {}
 
-    void AddTo(LpMetadata* metadata) const override;
+    bool AddTo(LpMetadata* metadata) const override;
     LinearExtent* AsLinearExtent() override { return this; }
 
     uint64_t physical_sector() const { return physical_sector_; }
     uint64_t end_sector() const { return physical_sector_ + num_sectors_; }
+    uint32_t device_index() const { return device_index_; }
 
   private:
+    uint32_t device_index_;
     uint64_t physical_sector_;
 };
 
@@ -92,14 +76,31 @@
   public:
     explicit ZeroExtent(uint64_t num_sectors) : Extent(num_sectors) {}
 
-    void AddTo(LpMetadata* out) const override;
+    bool AddTo(LpMetadata* out) const override;
+};
+
+class PartitionGroup final {
+    friend class MetadataBuilder;
+
+  public:
+    explicit PartitionGroup(const std::string& name, uint64_t maximum_size)
+        : name_(name), maximum_size_(maximum_size) {}
+
+    const std::string& name() const { return name_; }
+    uint64_t maximum_size() const { return maximum_size_; }
+
+  private:
+    void set_maximum_size(uint64_t maximum_size) { maximum_size_ = maximum_size; }
+
+    std::string name_;
+    uint64_t maximum_size_;
 };
 
 class Partition final {
     friend class MetadataBuilder;
 
   public:
-    Partition(const std::string& name, const std::string& guid, uint32_t attributes);
+    Partition(const std::string& name, const std::string& group_name, uint32_t attributes);
 
     // Add a raw extent.
     void AddExtent(std::unique_ptr<Extent>&& extent);
@@ -107,17 +108,22 @@
     // Remove all extents from this partition.
     void RemoveExtents();
 
+    // Compute the size used by linear extents. This is the same as size(),
+    // but does not factor in extents which do not take up space.
+    uint64_t BytesOnDisk() const;
+
     const std::string& name() const { return name_; }
+    const std::string& group_name() const { return group_name_; }
     uint32_t attributes() const { return attributes_; }
-    const std::string& guid() const { return guid_; }
     const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Extent>>& extents() const { return extents_; }
     uint64_t size() const { return size_; }
 
   private:
     void ShrinkTo(uint64_t aligned_size);
+    void set_group_name(const std::string& group_name) { group_name_ = group_name; }
 
     std::string name_;
-    std::string guid_;
+    std::string group_name_;
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Extent>> extents_;
     uint32_t attributes_;
     uint64_t size_;
@@ -125,44 +131,89 @@
 
 class MetadataBuilder {
   public:
-    // Construct an empty logical partition table builder. The block device size
-    // and maximum metadata size must be specified, as this will determine which
-    // areas of the physical partition can be flashed for metadata vs for logical
-    // partitions.
+    // Construct an empty logical partition table builder given the specified
+    // map of partitions that are available for storing logical partitions.
+    //
+    // At least one partition in the list must be the "super" device, where
+    // metadata will be stored.
     //
     // If the parameters would yield invalid metadata, nullptr is returned. This
-    // could happen if the block device size is too small to store the metadata
-    // and backup copies.
-    static std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> New(const BlockDeviceInfo& device_info,
+    // could happen if the super device is too small to store all required
+    // metadata.
+    static std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> New(const std::vector<BlockDeviceInfo>& block_devices,
+                                                const std::string& super_partition,
                                                 uint32_t metadata_max_size,
                                                 uint32_t metadata_slot_count);
 
     // Import an existing table for modification. This reads metadata off the
     // given block device and imports it. It also adjusts alignment information
     // based on run-time values in the operating system.
-    static std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> New(const std::string& block_device,
+    static std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> New(const IPartitionOpener& opener,
+                                                const std::string& super_partition,
                                                 uint32_t slot_number);
 
+    // Same as above, but use the default PartitionOpener.
+    static std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> New(const std::string& super_partition,
+                                                uint32_t slot_number);
+
+    // This is when performing an A/B update. The source partition must be a
+    // super partition. On a normal device, the metadata for the source slot
+    // is imported and the target slot is ignored. On a retrofit device, the
+    // metadata may not have the target slot's devices listed yet, in which
+    // case, it is automatically upgraded to include all available block
+    // devices.
+    static std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> NewForUpdate(const IPartitionOpener& opener,
+                                                         const std::string& source_partition,
+                                                         uint32_t source_slot_number,
+                                                         uint32_t target_slot_number);
+
     // Import an existing table for modification. If the table is not valid, for
     // example it contains duplicate partition names, then nullptr is returned.
-    // This method is for testing or changing off-line tables.
-    static std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> New(const LpMetadata& metadata);
+    //
+    // If an IPartitionOpener is specified, then block device informatiom will
+    // be updated.
+    static std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> New(const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                                                const IPartitionOpener* opener = nullptr);
+
+    // Helper function for a single super partition, for tests.
+    static std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> New(const BlockDeviceInfo& device_info,
+                                                uint32_t metadata_max_size,
+                                                uint32_t metadata_slot_count) {
+        return New({device_info}, device_info.partition_name, metadata_max_size,
+                   metadata_slot_count);
+    }
 
     // Wrapper around New() with a BlockDeviceInfo that only specifies a device
     // size. This is a convenience method for tests.
     static std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> New(uint64_t blockdev_size, uint32_t metadata_max_size,
                                                 uint32_t metadata_slot_count) {
-        BlockDeviceInfo device_info(blockdev_size, 0, 0, kDefaultBlockSize);
+        BlockDeviceInfo device_info(LP_METADATA_DEFAULT_PARTITION_NAME, blockdev_size, 0, 0,
+                                    kDefaultBlockSize);
         return New(device_info, metadata_max_size, metadata_slot_count);
     }
 
+    // Used by the test harness to override whether the device is "A/B".
+    static void OverrideABForTesting(bool ab_device);
+
+    // Define a new partition group. By default there is one group called
+    // "default", with an unrestricted size. A non-zero size will restrict the
+    // total space used by all partitions in the group.
+    //
+    // This can fail and return false if the group already exists.
+    bool AddGroup(const std::string& group_name, uint64_t maximum_size);
+
     // Export metadata so it can be serialized to an image, to disk, or mounted
     // via device-mapper.
     std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> Export();
 
     // Add a partition, returning a handle so it can be sized as needed. If a
     // partition with the given name already exists, nullptr is returned.
-    Partition* AddPartition(const std::string& name, const std::string& guid, uint32_t attributes);
+    Partition* AddPartition(const std::string& name, const std::string& group_name,
+                            uint32_t attributes);
+
+    // Same as AddPartition above, but uses the default partition group which
+    // has no size restrictions.
+    Partition* AddPartition(const std::string& name, uint32_t attributes);
 
     // Delete a partition by name if it exists.
     void RemovePartition(const std::string& name);
@@ -170,6 +221,13 @@
     // Find a partition by name. If no partition is found, nullptr is returned.
     Partition* FindPartition(const std::string& name);
 
+    // Find a group by name. If no group is found, nullptr is returned.
+    PartitionGroup* FindGroup(const std::string& name);
+
+    // Add a predetermined extent to a partition.
+    bool AddLinearExtent(Partition* partition, const std::string& block_device,
+                         uint64_t num_sectors, uint64_t physical_sector);
+
     // Grow or shrink a partition to the requested size. This size will be
     // rounded UP to the nearest block (512 bytes).
     //
@@ -182,26 +240,101 @@
     // underlying filesystem or contents of the partition on disk.
     bool ResizePartition(Partition* partition, uint64_t requested_size);
 
+    // Return the list of partitions belonging to a group.
+    std::vector<Partition*> ListPartitionsInGroup(const std::string& group_name);
+
+    // Changes a partition's group. Size constraints will not be checked until
+    // the metadata is exported, to avoid errors during potential group and
+    // size shuffling operations. This will return false if the new group does
+    // not exist.
+    bool ChangePartitionGroup(Partition* partition, const std::string& group_name);
+
+    // Changes the size of a partition group. Size constraints will not be
+    // checked until metadata is exported, to avoid errors during group
+    // reshuffling. This will return false if the group does not exist, or if
+    // the group name is "default".
+    bool ChangeGroupSize(const std::string& group_name, uint64_t maximum_size);
+
     // Amount of space that can be allocated to logical partitions.
     uint64_t AllocatableSpace() const;
+    uint64_t UsedSpace() const;
 
-    // Merge new block device information into previous values. Alignment values
-    // are only overwritten if the new values are non-zero.
-    void set_block_device_info(const BlockDeviceInfo& device_info);
-    const BlockDeviceInfo& block_device_info() const { return device_info_; }
+    // Return a list of all group names.
+    std::vector<std::string> ListGroups() const;
+
+    // Remove all partitions belonging to a group, then remove the group.
+    void RemoveGroupAndPartitions(const std::string& group_name);
+
+    // Set the LP_METADATA_AUTO_SLOT_SUFFIXING flag.
+    void SetAutoSlotSuffixing();
+
+    // If set, checks for slot suffixes will be ignored internally.
+    void IgnoreSlotSuffixing();
+
+    bool GetBlockDeviceInfo(const std::string& partition_name, BlockDeviceInfo* info) const;
+    bool UpdateBlockDeviceInfo(const std::string& partition_name, const BlockDeviceInfo& info);
+
+    // Attempt to preserve the named partitions from an older metadata. If this
+    // is not possible (for example, the block device list has changed) then
+    // false is returned.
+    bool ImportPartitions(const LpMetadata& metadata, const std::set<std::string>& partition_names);
+
+    // Return true if a block device is found, else false.
+    bool HasBlockDevice(const std::string& partition_name) const;
 
   private:
     MetadataBuilder();
-    bool Init(const BlockDeviceInfo& info, uint32_t metadata_max_size, uint32_t metadata_slot_count);
+    MetadataBuilder(const MetadataBuilder&) = delete;
+    MetadataBuilder(MetadataBuilder&&) = delete;
+    MetadataBuilder& operator=(const MetadataBuilder&) = delete;
+    MetadataBuilder& operator=(MetadataBuilder&&) = delete;
+    bool Init(const std::vector<BlockDeviceInfo>& block_devices, const std::string& super_partition,
+              uint32_t metadata_max_size, uint32_t metadata_slot_count);
     bool Init(const LpMetadata& metadata);
     bool GrowPartition(Partition* partition, uint64_t aligned_size);
     void ShrinkPartition(Partition* partition, uint64_t aligned_size);
-    uint64_t AlignSector(uint64_t sector);
+    uint64_t AlignSector(const LpMetadataBlockDevice& device, uint64_t sector) const;
+    uint64_t TotalSizeOfGroup(PartitionGroup* group) const;
+    bool UpdateBlockDeviceInfo(size_t index, const BlockDeviceInfo& info);
+    bool FindBlockDeviceByName(const std::string& partition_name, uint32_t* index) const;
+    bool ValidatePartitionSizeChange(Partition* partition, uint64_t old_size, uint64_t new_size);
+    void ImportExtents(Partition* dest, const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                       const LpMetadataPartition& source);
+    bool ImportPartition(const LpMetadata& metadata, const LpMetadataPartition& source);
+    bool IsABDevice() const;
+    bool IsRetrofitDevice() const;
+    bool ValidatePartitionGroups() const;
+
+    struct Interval {
+        uint32_t device_index;
+        uint64_t start;
+        uint64_t end;
+
+        Interval(uint32_t device_index, uint64_t start, uint64_t end)
+            : device_index(device_index), start(start), end(end) {}
+        uint64_t length() const { return end - start; }
+
+        // Note: the device index is not included in sorting (intervals are
+        // sorted in per-device lists).
+        bool operator<(const Interval& other) const {
+            return (start == other.start) ? end < other.end : start < other.start;
+        }
+    };
+    std::vector<Interval> GetFreeRegions() const;
+    void ExtentsToFreeList(const std::vector<Interval>& extents,
+                           std::vector<Interval>* free_regions) const;
+    std::vector<Interval> PrioritizeSecondHalfOfSuper(const std::vector<Interval>& free_list);
+
+    static bool sABOverrideValue;
+    static bool sABOverrideSet;
 
     LpMetadataGeometry geometry_;
     LpMetadataHeader header_;
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Partition>> partitions_;
-    BlockDeviceInfo device_info_;
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<PartitionGroup>> groups_;
+    std::vector<LpMetadataBlockDevice> block_devices_;
+    bool auto_slot_suffixing_;
+    bool ignore_slot_suffixing_;
 };
 
 // Read BlockDeviceInfo for a given block device. This always returns false
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/liblp.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/liblp.h
index 6da24f6..6348f55 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/liblp.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/liblp.h
@@ -24,7 +24,10 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
 #include "metadata_format.h"
+#include "partition_opener.h"
 
 namespace android {
 namespace fs_mgr {
@@ -36,13 +39,16 @@
     LpMetadataHeader header;
     std::vector<LpMetadataPartition> partitions;
     std::vector<LpMetadataExtent> extents;
+    std::vector<LpMetadataPartitionGroup> groups;
+    std::vector<LpMetadataBlockDevice> block_devices;
 };
 
 // Place an initial partition table on the device. This will overwrite the
 // existing geometry, and should not be used for normal partition table
 // updates. False can be returned if the geometry is incompatible with the
 // block device or an I/O error occurs.
-bool FlashPartitionTable(const std::string& block_device, const LpMetadata& metadata);
+bool FlashPartitionTable(const IPartitionOpener& opener, const std::string& super_partition,
+                         const LpMetadata& metadata);
 
 // Update the partition table for a given metadata slot number. False is
 // returned if an error occurs, which can include:
@@ -50,27 +56,55 @@
 //  - I/O error.
 //  - Corrupt or missing metadata geometry on disk.
 //  - Incompatible geometry.
-bool UpdatePartitionTable(const std::string& block_device, const LpMetadata& metadata,
-                          uint32_t slot_number);
+bool UpdatePartitionTable(const IPartitionOpener& opener, const std::string& super_partition,
+                          const LpMetadata& metadata, uint32_t slot_number);
 
 // Read logical partition metadata from its predetermined location on a block
 // device. If readback fails, we also attempt to load from a backup copy.
-std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadMetadata(const char* block_device, uint32_t slot_number);
+std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadMetadata(const IPartitionOpener& opener,
+                                         const std::string& super_partition, uint32_t slot_number);
+
+// Helper functions that use the default PartitionOpener.
+bool FlashPartitionTable(const std::string& super_partition, const LpMetadata& metadata);
+bool UpdatePartitionTable(const std::string& super_partition, const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                          uint32_t slot_number);
+std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadMetadata(const std::string& super_partition, uint32_t slot_number);
 
 // Read/Write logical partition metadata to an image file, for diagnostics or
 // flashing.
 bool WriteToSparseFile(const char* file, const LpMetadata& metadata, uint32_t block_size,
                        const std::map<std::string, std::string>& images);
 bool WriteToImageFile(const char* file, const LpMetadata& metadata);
-std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadFromImageFile(const char* file);
+std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadFromImageFile(const std::string& image_file);
 std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadFromImageBlob(const void* data, size_t bytes);
 
+// Similar to WriteToSparseFile, this will generate an image that can be
+// flashed to a device directly. However unlike WriteToSparseFile, it
+// is intended for retrofit devices, and will generate one sparse file per
+// block device (each named super_<name>.img) and placed in the specified
+// output folder.
+bool WriteSplitSparseFiles(const std::string& output_dir, const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                           uint32_t block_size, const std::map<std::string, std::string>& images);
+
 // Helper to extract safe C++ strings from partition info.
 std::string GetPartitionName(const LpMetadataPartition& partition);
-std::string GetPartitionGuid(const LpMetadataPartition& partition);
+std::string GetPartitionGroupName(const LpMetadataPartitionGroup& group);
+std::string GetBlockDevicePartitionName(const LpMetadataBlockDevice& block_device);
 
-// Helper to return a slot number for a slot suffix.
+// Return the block device that houses the super partition metadata; returns
+// null on failure.
+const LpMetadataBlockDevice* GetMetadataSuperBlockDevice(const LpMetadata& metadata);
+
+// Return the total size of all partitions comprising the super partition.
+uint64_t GetTotalSuperPartitionSize(const LpMetadata& metadata);
+
+// Get the list of block device names required by the given metadata.
+std::vector<std::string> GetBlockDevicePartitionNames(const LpMetadata& metadata);
+
+// Slot suffix helpers.
 uint32_t SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(const std::string& suffix);
+std::string SlotSuffixForSlotNumber(uint32_t slot_number);
+std::string GetPartitionSlotSuffix(const std::string& partition_name);
 
 }  // namespace fs_mgr
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/metadata_format.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/metadata_format.h
index 52c80f7..8934aaf 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/metadata_format.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/metadata_format.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 #define LP_METADATA_HEADER_MAGIC 0x414C5030
 
 /* Current metadata version. */
-#define LP_METADATA_MAJOR_VERSION 1
+#define LP_METADATA_MAJOR_VERSION 10
 #define LP_METADATA_MINOR_VERSION 0
 
 /* Attributes for the LpMetadataPartition::attributes field.
@@ -47,10 +47,19 @@
  * device mapper, the block device will be created as read-only.
  */
 #define LP_PARTITION_ATTR_NONE 0x0
-#define LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY 0x1
+#define LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY (1 << 0)
+
+/* This flag is only intended to be used with super_empty.img and super.img on
+ * retrofit devices. On these devices there are A and B super partitions, and
+ * we don't know ahead of time which slot the image will be applied to.
+ *
+ * If set, the partition name needs a slot suffix applied. The slot suffix is
+ * determined by the metadata slot number (0 = _a, 1 = _b).
+ */
+#define LP_PARTITION_ATTR_SLOT_SUFFIXED (1 << 1)
 
 /* Mask that defines all valid attributes. */
-#define LP_PARTITION_ATTRIBUTE_MASK (LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY)
+#define LP_PARTITION_ATTRIBUTE_MASK (LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY | LP_PARTITION_ATTR_SLOT_SUFFIXED)
 
 /* Default name of the physical partition that holds logical partition entries.
  * The layout of this partition will look like:
@@ -58,22 +67,27 @@
  *     +--------------------+
  *     | Disk Geometry      |
  *     +--------------------+
- *     | Metadata           |
+ *     | Geometry Backup    |
  *     +--------------------+
- *     | Logical Partitions |
+ *     | Metadata           |
  *     +--------------------+
  *     | Backup Metadata    |
  *     +--------------------+
- *     | Geometry Backup    |
+ *     | Logical Partitions |
  *     +--------------------+
  */
-#define LP_METADATA_PARTITION_NAME "super"
+#define LP_METADATA_DEFAULT_PARTITION_NAME "super"
 
 /* Size of a sector is always 512 bytes for compatibility with the Linux kernel. */
 #define LP_SECTOR_SIZE 512
 
-/* This structure is stored at sector 0 in the first 4096 bytes of the
- * partition, and again in the very last 4096 bytes. It is never modified and
+/* Amount of space reserved at the start of every super partition to avoid
+ * creating an accidental boot sector.
+ */
+#define LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES 4096
+
+/* This structure is stored at block 0 in the first 4096 bytes of the
+ * partition, and again in the following block. It is never modified and
  * describes how logical partition information can be located.
  */
 typedef struct LpMetadataGeometry {
@@ -98,48 +112,10 @@
      */
     uint32_t metadata_slot_count;
 
-    /* 48: First usable sector for allocating logical partitions. this will be
-     * the first sector after the initial 4096 geometry block, followed by the
-     * space consumed by metadata_max_size*metadata_slot_count.
-     */
-    uint64_t first_logical_sector;
-
-    /* 56: Last usable sector, inclusive, for allocating logical partitions.
-     * At the end of this sector will follow backup metadata slots and the
-     * backup geometry block at the very end.
-     */
-    uint64_t last_logical_sector;
-
-    /* 64: Alignment for defining partitions or partition extents. For example,
-     * an alignment of 1MiB will require that all partitions have a size evenly
-     * divisible by 1MiB, and that the smallest unit the partition can grow by
-     * is 1MiB.
-     *
-     * Alignment is normally determined at runtime when growing or adding
-     * partitions. If for some reason the alignment cannot be determined, then
-     * this predefined alignment in the geometry is used instead. By default
-     * it is set to 1MiB.
-     */
-    uint32_t alignment;
-
-    /* 68: Alignment offset for "stacked" devices. For example, if the "super"
-     * partition itself is not aligned within the parent block device's
-     * partition table, then we adjust for this in deciding where to place
-     * |first_logical_sector|.
-     *
-     * Similar to |alignment|, this will be derived from the operating system.
-     * If it cannot be determined, it is assumed to be 0.
-     */
-    uint32_t alignment_offset;
-
-    /* 72: Block device size, as specified when the metadata was created. This
-     * can be used to verify the geometry against a target device.
-     */
-    uint64_t block_device_size;
-
-    /* 76: Logical block size of the super partition block device. This is the
-     * minimal alignment for partition and extent sizes, and it must be a
-     * multiple of LP_SECTOR_SIZE.
+    /* 48: Logical block size. This is the minimal alignment for partition and
+     * extent sizes, and it must be a multiple of LP_SECTOR_SIZE. Note that
+     * this must be equal across all LUNs that comprise the super partition,
+     * and thus this field is stored in the geometry, not per-device.
      */
     uint32_t logical_block_size;
 } __attribute__((packed)) LpMetadataGeometry;
@@ -151,7 +127,7 @@
  * num_entries, and the result must not overflow a 32-bit signed integer.
  */
 typedef struct LpMetadataTableDescriptor {
-    /*  0: Location of the table, relative to the metadata header. */
+    /*  0: Location of the table, relative to end of the metadata header. */
     uint32_t offset;
     /*  4: Number of entries in the table. */
     uint32_t num_entries;
@@ -216,6 +192,10 @@
     LpMetadataTableDescriptor partitions;
     /* 92: Extent table descriptor. */
     LpMetadataTableDescriptor extents;
+    /* 104: Updateable group descriptor. */
+    LpMetadataTableDescriptor groups;
+    /* 116: Block device table. */
+    LpMetadataTableDescriptor block_devices;
 } __attribute__((packed)) LpMetadataHeader;
 
 /* This struct defines a logical partition entry, similar to what would be
@@ -230,21 +210,21 @@
      */
     char name[36];
 
-    /* 36: Globally unique identifier (GUID) of this partition. */
-    uint8_t guid[16];
-
-    /* 52: Attributes for the partition (see LP_PARTITION_ATTR_* flags above). */
+    /* 36: Attributes for the partition (see LP_PARTITION_ATTR_* flags above). */
     uint32_t attributes;
 
-    /* 56: Index of the first extent owned by this partition. The extent will
+    /* 40: Index of the first extent owned by this partition. The extent will
      * start at logical sector 0. Gaps between extents are not allowed.
      */
     uint32_t first_extent_index;
 
-    /* 60: Number of extents in the partition. Every partition must have at
+    /* 44: Number of extents in the partition. Every partition must have at
      * least one extent.
      */
     uint32_t num_extents;
+
+    /* 48: Group this partition belongs to. */
+    uint32_t group_index;
 } __attribute__((packed)) LpMetadataPartition;
 
 /* This extent is a dm-linear target, and the index is an index into the
@@ -269,8 +249,92 @@
      * ZERO: This field must be 0.
      */
     uint64_t target_data;
+
+    /* 20: Contents depends on target_type.
+     *
+     * LINEAR: Must be an index into the block devices table.
+     * ZERO: This field must be 0.
+     */
+    uint32_t target_source;
 } __attribute__((packed)) LpMetadataExtent;
 
+/* This struct defines an entry in the groups table. Each group has a maximum
+ * size, and partitions in a group must not exceed that size. There is always
+ * a "default" group of unlimited size, which is used when not using update
+ * groups or when using overlayfs or fastbootd.
+ */
+typedef struct LpMetadataPartitionGroup {
+    /*  0: Name of this group. Any unused characters must be 0. */
+    char name[36];
+
+    /* 36: Flags (see LP_GROUP_*). */
+    uint32_t flags;
+
+    /* 40: Maximum size in bytes. If 0, the group has no maximum size. */
+    uint64_t maximum_size;
+} __attribute__((packed)) LpMetadataPartitionGroup;
+
+/* This flag is only intended to be used with super_empty.img and super.img on
+ * retrofit devices. If set, the group needs a slot suffix to be interpreted
+ * correctly. The suffix is automatically applied by ReadMetadata().
+ */
+#define LP_GROUP_SLOT_SUFFIXED (1 << 0)
+
+/* This struct defines an entry in the block_devices table. There must be at
+ * least one device, and the first device must represent the partition holding
+ * the super metadata.
+ */
+typedef struct LpMetadataBlockDevice {
+    /* 0: First usable sector for allocating logical partitions. this will be
+     * the first sector after the initial geometry blocks, followed by the
+     * space consumed by metadata_max_size*metadata_slot_count*2.
+     */
+    uint64_t first_logical_sector;
+
+    /* 8: Alignment for defining partitions or partition extents. For example,
+     * an alignment of 1MiB will require that all partitions have a size evenly
+     * divisible by 1MiB, and that the smallest unit the partition can grow by
+     * is 1MiB.
+     *
+     * Alignment is normally determined at runtime when growing or adding
+     * partitions. If for some reason the alignment cannot be determined, then
+     * this predefined alignment in the geometry is used instead. By default
+     * it is set to 1MiB.
+     */
+    uint32_t alignment;
+
+    /* 12: Alignment offset for "stacked" devices. For example, if the "super"
+     * partition itself is not aligned within the parent block device's
+     * partition table, then we adjust for this in deciding where to place
+     * |first_logical_sector|.
+     *
+     * Similar to |alignment|, this will be derived from the operating system.
+     * If it cannot be determined, it is assumed to be 0.
+     */
+    uint32_t alignment_offset;
+
+    /* 16: Block device size, as specified when the metadata was created. This
+     * can be used to verify the geometry against a target device.
+     */
+    uint64_t size;
+
+    /* 24: Partition name in the GPT. Any unused characters must be 0. */
+    char partition_name[36];
+
+    /* 60: Flags (see LP_BLOCK_DEVICE_* flags below). */
+    uint32_t flags;
+} __attribute__((packed)) LpMetadataBlockDevice;
+
+/* This flag is only intended to be used with super_empty.img and super.img on
+ * retrofit devices. On these devices there are A and B super partitions, and
+ * we don't know ahead of time which slot the image will be applied to.
+ *
+ * If set, the block device needs a slot suffix applied before being used with
+ * IPartitionOpener. The slot suffix is determined by the metadata slot number
+ * (0 = _a, 1 = _b).
+ */
+#define LP_BLOCK_DEVICE_SLOT_SUFFIXED (1 << 0)
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 } /* extern "C" */
 #endif
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/partition_opener.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/partition_opener.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e506bd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/partition_opener.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
+
+struct BlockDeviceInfo {
+    BlockDeviceInfo() : size(0), alignment(0), alignment_offset(0), logical_block_size(0) {}
+    BlockDeviceInfo(const std::string& partition_name, uint64_t size, uint32_t alignment,
+                    uint32_t alignment_offset, uint32_t logical_block_size)
+        : size(size),
+          alignment(alignment),
+          alignment_offset(alignment_offset),
+          logical_block_size(logical_block_size),
+          partition_name(partition_name) {}
+    // Size of the block device, in bytes.
+    uint64_t size;
+    // Optimal target alignment, in bytes. Partition extents will be aligned to
+    // this value by default. This value must be 0 or a multiple of 512.
+    uint32_t alignment;
+    // Alignment offset to parent device (if any), in bytes. The sector at
+    // |alignment_offset| on the target device is correctly aligned on its
+    // parent device. This value must be 0 or a multiple of 512.
+    uint32_t alignment_offset;
+    // Block size, for aligning extent sizes and partition sizes.
+    uint32_t logical_block_size;
+    // The physical partition name for this block device, as it would appear in
+    // the GPT or under /dev/block/by-name.
+    std::string partition_name;
+};
+
+// Test-friendly interface for interacting with partitions.
+class IPartitionOpener {
+  public:
+    virtual ~IPartitionOpener() = default;
+
+    // Open the given named physical partition with the provided open() flags.
+    // The name can be an absolute path if the full path is already known.
+    virtual android::base::unique_fd Open(const std::string& partition_name, int flags) const = 0;
+
+    // Return block device information about the given named physical partition.
+    // The name can be an absolute path if the full path is already known.
+    virtual bool GetInfo(const std::string& partition_name, BlockDeviceInfo* info) const = 0;
+};
+
+// Helper class to implement IPartitionOpener. If |partition_name| is not an
+// absolute path, /dev/block/by-name/ will be prepended.
+class PartitionOpener : public IPartitionOpener {
+  public:
+    virtual android::base::unique_fd Open(const std::string& partition_name,
+                                          int flags) const override;
+    virtual bool GetInfo(const std::string& partition_name, BlockDeviceInfo* info) const override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/io_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/io_test.cpp
index 329a901..9f3314d 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/io_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/io_test.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 #include "images.h"
 #include "reader.h"
+#include "test_partition_opener.h"
 #include "utility.h"
 #include "writer.h"
 
@@ -37,8 +38,7 @@
 static const size_t kDiskSize = 131072;
 static const size_t kMetadataSize = 512;
 static const size_t kMetadataSlots = 2;
-static const char* TEST_GUID_BASE = "A799D1D6-669F-41D8-A3F0-EBB7572D830";
-static const char* TEST_GUID = "A799D1D6-669F-41D8-A3F0-EBB7572D8302";
+static const BlockDeviceInfo kSuperInfo{"super", kDiskSize, 0, 0, 4096};
 
 // Helper function for creating an in-memory file descriptor. This lets us
 // simulate read/writing logical partition metadata as if we had a block device
@@ -80,8 +80,14 @@
     return builder;
 }
 
+class DefaultPartitionOpener final : public TestPartitionOpener {
+  public:
+    explicit DefaultPartitionOpener(int fd)
+        : TestPartitionOpener({{"super", fd}}, {{"super", kSuperInfo}}) {}
+};
+
 static bool AddDefaultPartitions(MetadataBuilder* builder) {
-    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", TEST_GUID, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_NONE);
+    Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_NONE);
     if (!system) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -103,7 +109,9 @@
     if (!exported) {
         return {};
     }
-    if (!FlashPartitionTable(fd, *exported.get())) {
+
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
+    if (!FlashPartitionTable(opener, "super", *exported.get())) {
         return {};
     }
     return fd;
@@ -117,12 +125,17 @@
     uint64_t size;
     ASSERT_TRUE(GetDescriptorSize(fd, &size));
     ASSERT_EQ(size, kDiskSize);
+
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
+
+    // Verify that we can't read unwritten metadata.
+    ASSERT_EQ(ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 1), nullptr);
 }
 
 // Flashing metadata should not work if the metadata was created for a larger
 // disk than the destination disk.
 TEST(liblp, ExportDiskTooSmall) {
-    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(kDiskSize + 1024, 512, 2);
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(kDiskSize + 4096, 512, 2);
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
     unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
     ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
@@ -132,7 +145,9 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFakeDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
-    EXPECT_FALSE(FlashPartitionTable(fd, *exported.get()));
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(FlashPartitionTable(opener, "super", *exported.get()));
 }
 
 // Test the basics of flashing a partition and reading it back.
@@ -144,23 +159,23 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFakeDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
+
     // Export and flash.
     unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
     ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(FlashPartitionTable(fd, *exported.get()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(FlashPartitionTable(opener, "super", *exported.get()));
 
     // Read back. Note that some fields are only filled in during
     // serialization, so exported and imported will not be identical. For
     // example, table sizes and checksums are computed in WritePartitionTable.
     // Therefore we check on a field-by-field basis.
-    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> imported = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
 
     // Check geometry and header.
     EXPECT_EQ(exported->geometry.metadata_max_size, imported->geometry.metadata_max_size);
     EXPECT_EQ(exported->geometry.metadata_slot_count, imported->geometry.metadata_slot_count);
-    EXPECT_EQ(exported->geometry.first_logical_sector, imported->geometry.first_logical_sector);
-    EXPECT_EQ(exported->geometry.last_logical_sector, imported->geometry.last_logical_sector);
     EXPECT_EQ(exported->header.major_version, imported->header.major_version);
     EXPECT_EQ(exported->header.minor_version, imported->header.minor_version);
     EXPECT_EQ(exported->header.header_size, imported->header.header_size);
@@ -168,7 +183,6 @@
     // Check partition tables.
     ASSERT_EQ(exported->partitions.size(), imported->partitions.size());
     EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionName(exported->partitions[0]), GetPartitionName(imported->partitions[0]));
-    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionGuid(exported->partitions[0]), GetPartitionGuid(imported->partitions[0]));
     EXPECT_EQ(exported->partitions[0].attributes, imported->partitions[0].attributes);
     EXPECT_EQ(exported->partitions[0].first_extent_index,
               imported->partitions[0].first_extent_index);
@@ -179,6 +193,11 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(exported->extents[0].num_sectors, imported->extents[0].num_sectors);
     EXPECT_EQ(exported->extents[0].target_type, imported->extents[0].target_type);
     EXPECT_EQ(exported->extents[0].target_data, imported->extents[0].target_data);
+
+    // Check block devices table.
+    ASSERT_EQ(exported->block_devices.size(), imported->block_devices.size());
+    EXPECT_EQ(exported->block_devices[0].first_logical_sector,
+              imported->block_devices[0].first_logical_sector);
 }
 
 // Test that we can update metadata slots without disturbing others.
@@ -186,37 +205,40 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
-    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> imported = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
+
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
     ASSERT_EQ(imported->partitions.size(), 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionName(imported->partitions[0]), "system");
 
-    // Verify that we can't read unwritten metadata.
-    ASSERT_EQ(ReadMetadata(fd, 1), nullptr);
-
     // Change the name before writing to the next slot.
     strncpy(imported->partitions[0].name, "vendor", sizeof(imported->partitions[0].name));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(UpdatePartitionTable(fd, *imported.get(), 1));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(UpdatePartitionTable(opener, "super", *imported.get(), 1));
 
     // Read back the original slot, make sure it hasn't changed.
-    imported = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
     ASSERT_EQ(imported->partitions.size(), 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionName(imported->partitions[0]), "system");
 
     // Now read back the new slot, and verify that it has a different name.
-    imported = ReadMetadata(fd, 1);
+    imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 1);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
     ASSERT_EQ(imported->partitions.size(), 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionName(imported->partitions[0]), "vendor");
 
+    auto super_device = GetMetadataSuperBlockDevice(*imported.get());
+    ASSERT_NE(super_device, nullptr);
+
+    uint64_t last_sector = super_device->size / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+
     // Verify that we didn't overwrite anything in the logical paritition area.
     // We expect the disk to be filled with 0xcc on creation so we can read
     // this back and compare it.
     char expected[LP_SECTOR_SIZE];
     memset(expected, 0xcc, sizeof(expected));
-    for (uint64_t i = imported->geometry.first_logical_sector;
-         i <= imported->geometry.last_logical_sector; i++) {
+    for (uint64_t i = super_device->first_logical_sector; i < last_sector; i++) {
         char buffer[LP_SECTOR_SIZE];
         ASSERT_GE(lseek(fd, i * LP_SECTOR_SIZE, SEEK_SET), 0);
         ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFully(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
@@ -228,15 +250,17 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
+
     // Make sure all slots are filled.
-    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(metadata, nullptr);
     for (uint32_t i = 1; i < kMetadataSlots; i++) {
-        ASSERT_TRUE(UpdatePartitionTable(fd, *metadata.get(), i));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(UpdatePartitionTable(opener, "super", *metadata.get(), i));
     }
 
     // Verify that we can't read unavailable slots.
-    EXPECT_EQ(ReadMetadata(fd, kMetadataSlots), nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ReadMetadata(opener, "super", kMetadataSlots), nullptr);
 }
 
 // Test that updating a metadata slot does not allow it to be computed based
@@ -245,27 +269,28 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
-    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> imported = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
+
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(UpdatePartitionTable(fd, *imported.get(), 1));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(UpdatePartitionTable(opener, "super", *imported.get(), 1));
 
     imported->geometry.metadata_max_size += LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
-    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(fd, *imported.get(), 1));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(opener, "super", *imported.get(), 1));
 
-    imported = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
     imported->geometry.metadata_slot_count++;
-    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(fd, *imported.get(), 1));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(opener, "super", *imported.get(), 1));
 
-    imported = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
-    imported->geometry.first_logical_sector++;
-    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(fd, *imported.get(), 1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(imported->block_devices.size(), 1);
+    imported->block_devices[0].first_logical_sector++;
+    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(opener, "super", *imported.get(), 1));
 
-    imported = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
-    imported->geometry.last_logical_sector--;
-    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(fd, *imported.get(), 1));
 }
 
 // Test that changing one bit of metadata is enough to break the checksum.
@@ -273,6 +298,8 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
+
     LpMetadataGeometry geometry;
     ASSERT_GE(lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET), 0);
     ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFully(fd, &geometry, sizeof(geometry)));
@@ -281,7 +308,7 @@
     bad_geometry.metadata_slot_count++;
     ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(fd, &bad_geometry, sizeof(bad_geometry)));
 
-    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(metadata, nullptr);
     EXPECT_EQ(metadata->geometry.metadata_slot_count, 2);
 }
@@ -290,39 +317,45 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
+
     char corruption[LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE];
     memset(corruption, 0xff, sizeof(corruption));
 
-    // Corrupt the first 4096 bytes of the disk.
-    ASSERT_GE(lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET), 0);
+    // Corrupt the primary geometry.
+    ASSERT_GE(lseek(fd, GetPrimaryGeometryOffset(), SEEK_SET), 0);
     ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(fd, corruption, sizeof(corruption)));
-    EXPECT_NE(ReadMetadata(fd, 0), nullptr);
+    EXPECT_NE(ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0), nullptr);
 
-    // Corrupt the last 4096 bytes too.
-    ASSERT_GE(lseek(fd, -LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE, SEEK_END), 0);
+    // Corrupt the backup geometry.
+    ASSERT_GE(lseek(fd, GetBackupGeometryOffset(), SEEK_SET), 0);
     ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(fd, corruption, sizeof(corruption)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(ReadMetadata(fd, 0), nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0), nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(liblp, ReadBackupMetadata) {
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
-    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
+
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
 
     char corruption[kMetadataSize];
     memset(corruption, 0xff, sizeof(corruption));
 
-    ASSERT_GE(lseek(fd, LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE, SEEK_SET), 0);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(fd, corruption, sizeof(corruption)));
-    EXPECT_NE(ReadMetadata(fd, 0), nullptr);
+    off_t offset = GetPrimaryMetadataOffset(metadata->geometry, 0);
 
-    off_t offset = LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE + kMetadataSize * 2;
+    ASSERT_GE(lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET), 0);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(fd, corruption, sizeof(corruption)));
+    EXPECT_NE(ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0), nullptr);
+
+    offset = GetBackupMetadataOffset(metadata->geometry, 0);
 
     // Corrupt the backup metadata.
-    ASSERT_GE(lseek(fd, -offset, SEEK_END), 0);
+    ASSERT_GE(lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET), 0);
     ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(fd, corruption, sizeof(corruption)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(ReadMetadata(fd, 0), nullptr);
+    EXPECT_EQ(ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0), nullptr);
 }
 
 // Test that we don't attempt to write metadata if it would overflow its
@@ -331,21 +364,20 @@
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = CreateDefaultBuilder();
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
 
-    // Compute the maximum number of partitions we can fit in 1024 bytes of metadata.
-    size_t max_partitions = (kMetadataSize - sizeof(LpMetadataHeader)) / sizeof(LpMetadataPartition);
-    EXPECT_LT(max_partitions, 10);
+    // Compute the maximum number of partitions we can fit in 512 bytes of
+    // metadata. By default there is the header, one partition group, and a
+    // block device entry.
+    static const size_t kMaxPartitionTableSize = kMetadataSize - sizeof(LpMetadataHeader) -
+                                                 sizeof(LpMetadataPartitionGroup) -
+                                                 sizeof(LpMetadataBlockDevice);
+    size_t max_partitions = kMaxPartitionTableSize / sizeof(LpMetadataPartition);
 
     // Add this number of partitions.
     Partition* partition = nullptr;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < max_partitions; i++) {
-        std::string guid = std::string(TEST_GUID) + to_string(i);
-        partition = builder->AddPartition(to_string(i), TEST_GUID, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_NONE);
+        partition = builder->AddPartition(to_string(i), LP_PARTITION_ATTR_NONE);
         ASSERT_NE(partition, nullptr);
     }
-    ASSERT_NE(partition, nullptr);
-    // Add one extent to any partition to fill up more space - we're at 508
-    // bytes after this, out of 512.
-    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(partition, 1024));
 
     unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
     ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
@@ -353,28 +385,30 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFakeDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
+
     // Check that we are able to write our table.
-    ASSERT_TRUE(FlashPartitionTable(fd, *exported.get()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(FlashPartitionTable(opener, "super", *exported.get()));
 
     // Check that adding one more partition overflows the metadata allotment.
-    partition = builder->AddPartition("final", TEST_GUID, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_NONE);
+    partition = builder->AddPartition("final", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_NONE);
     EXPECT_NE(partition, nullptr);
 
     exported = builder->Export();
     ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
 
     // The new table should be too large to be written.
-    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(fd, *exported.get(), 1));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(opener, "super", *exported.get(), 1));
+
+    auto super_device = GetMetadataSuperBlockDevice(*exported.get());
+    ASSERT_NE(super_device, nullptr);
 
     // Check that the first and last logical sectors weren't touched when we
     // wrote this almost-full metadata.
     char expected[LP_SECTOR_SIZE];
     memset(expected, 0xcc, sizeof(expected));
     char buffer[LP_SECTOR_SIZE];
-    ASSERT_GE(lseek(fd, exported->geometry.first_logical_sector * LP_SECTOR_SIZE, SEEK_SET), 0);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFully(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
-    EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(expected, buffer, LP_SECTOR_SIZE), 0);
-    ASSERT_GE(lseek(fd, exported->geometry.last_logical_sector * LP_SECTOR_SIZE, SEEK_SET), 0);
+    ASSERT_GE(lseek(fd, super_device->first_logical_sector * LP_SECTOR_SIZE, SEEK_SET), 0);
     ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFully(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer)));
     EXPECT_EQ(memcmp(expected, buffer, LP_SECTOR_SIZE), 0);
 }
@@ -385,6 +419,7 @@
     ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
     ASSERT_TRUE(AddDefaultPartitions(builder.get()));
     unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
 
     unique_fd fd(syscall(__NR_memfd_create, "image_file", 0));
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
@@ -459,23 +494,25 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
+
     BadWriter writer;
 
     // Read and write it back.
     writer.FailOnWrite(1);
-    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> imported = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(fd, *imported.get(), 0, writer));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(opener, "super", *imported.get(), 0, writer));
 
     // We should still be able to read the backup copy.
-    imported = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
 
     // Flash again, this time fail the backup copy. We should still be able
     // to read the primary.
     writer.FailOnWrite(3);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(fd, *imported.get(), 0, writer));
-    imported = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(opener, "super", *imported.get(), 0, writer));
+    imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
 }
 
@@ -485,23 +522,25 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
+
     BadWriter writer;
 
     // Read and write it back.
     writer.FailOnWrite(2);
-    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> imported = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(fd, *imported.get(), 0, writer));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(opener, "super", *imported.get(), 0, writer));
 
     // We should still be able to read the primary copy.
-    imported = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
 
     // Flash again, this time fail the primary copy. We should still be able
     // to read the primary.
     writer.FailOnWrite(2);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(fd, *imported.get(), 0, writer));
-    imported = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(opener, "super", *imported.get(), 0, writer));
+    imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
 }
 
@@ -512,20 +551,22 @@
     unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
     ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
 
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
+
     BadWriter writer;
 
     // Change the name of the existing partition.
-    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> new_table = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> new_table = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(new_table, nullptr);
     ASSERT_GE(new_table->partitions.size(), 1);
     new_table->partitions[0].name[0]++;
 
     // Flash it, but fail to write the backup copy.
     writer.FailAfterWrite(2);
-    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(fd, *new_table.get(), 0, writer));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(UpdatePartitionTable(opener, "super", *new_table.get(), 0, writer));
 
     // When we read back, we should get the updated primary copy.
-    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> imported = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
     ASSERT_GE(new_table->partitions.size(), 1);
     ASSERT_EQ(GetPartitionName(new_table->partitions[0]), GetPartitionName(imported->partitions[0]));
@@ -534,10 +575,130 @@
     // Note that the sync step should have used the primary to sync, not
     // the backup.
     writer.Reset();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(UpdatePartitionTable(fd, *new_table.get(), 0, writer));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(UpdatePartitionTable(opener, "super", *new_table.get(), 0, writer));
 
-    imported = ReadMetadata(fd, 0);
+    imported = ReadMetadata(opener, "super", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(imported, nullptr);
     ASSERT_GE(new_table->partitions.size(), 1);
     ASSERT_EQ(GetPartitionName(new_table->partitions[0]), GetPartitionName(imported->partitions[0]));
 }
+
+// Test that writing a sparse image can be read back.
+TEST(liblp, FlashSparseImage) {
+    unique_fd fd = CreateFakeDisk();
+    ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info("super", kDiskSize, 0, 0, 512);
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder =
+            MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, kMetadataSize, kMetadataSlots);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(AddDefaultPartitions(builder.get()));
+
+    unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
+
+    // Build the sparse file.
+    SparseBuilder sparse(*exported.get(), 512, {});
+    ASSERT_TRUE(sparse.IsValid());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(sparse.Build());
+
+    const auto& images = sparse.device_images();
+    ASSERT_EQ(images.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+
+    // Write it to the fake disk.
+    ASSERT_NE(lseek(fd.get(), 0, SEEK_SET), -1);
+    int ret = sparse_file_write(images[0].get(), fd.get(), false, false, false);
+    ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+    // Verify that we can read both sets of metadata.
+    LpMetadataGeometry geometry;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ReadPrimaryGeometry(fd.get(), &geometry));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ReadBackupGeometry(fd.get(), &geometry));
+    ASSERT_NE(ReadPrimaryMetadata(fd.get(), geometry, 0), nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(ReadBackupMetadata(fd.get(), geometry, 0), nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(liblp, AutoSlotSuffixing) {
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = CreateDefaultBuilder();
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(AddDefaultPartitions(builder.get()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->AddGroup("example", 0));
+    builder->SetAutoSlotSuffixing();
+
+    auto fd = CreateFakeDisk();
+    ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+    // Note: we bind the same fd to both names, since we want to make sure the
+    // exact same bits are getting read back in each test.
+    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super_a", fd}, {"super_b", fd}},
+                               {{"super_a", kSuperInfo}, {"super_b", kSuperInfo}});
+    auto exported = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(FlashPartitionTable(opener, "super_a", *exported.get()));
+
+    auto metadata = ReadMetadata(opener, "super_b", 1);
+    ASSERT_NE(metadata, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(metadata->partitions.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionName(metadata->partitions[0]), "system_b");
+    ASSERT_EQ(metadata->block_devices.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetBlockDevicePartitionName(metadata->block_devices[0]), "super_b");
+    ASSERT_EQ(metadata->groups.size(), static_cast<size_t>(2));
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionGroupName(metadata->groups[0]), "default");
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionGroupName(metadata->groups[1]), "example_b");
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->groups[0].flags, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->groups[1].flags, 0);
+
+    metadata = ReadMetadata(opener, "super_a", 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(metadata, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(metadata->partitions.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionName(metadata->partitions[0]), "system_a");
+    ASSERT_EQ(metadata->block_devices.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetBlockDevicePartitionName(metadata->block_devices[0]), "super_a");
+    ASSERT_EQ(metadata->groups.size(), static_cast<size_t>(2));
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionGroupName(metadata->groups[0]), "default");
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionGroupName(metadata->groups[1]), "example_a");
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->groups[0].flags, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(metadata->groups[1].flags, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(liblp, UpdateRetrofit) {
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = CreateDefaultBuilder();
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(AddDefaultPartitions(builder.get()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->AddGroup("example", 0));
+    builder->SetAutoSlotSuffixing();
+
+    auto fd = CreateFakeDisk();
+    ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+    // Note: we bind the same fd to both names, since we want to make sure the
+    // exact same bits are getting read back in each test.
+    TestPartitionOpener opener({{"super_a", fd}, {"super_b", fd}},
+                               {{"super_a", kSuperInfo}, {"super_b", kSuperInfo}});
+    auto exported = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(FlashPartitionTable(opener, "super_a", *exported.get()));
+
+    builder = MetadataBuilder::NewForUpdate(opener, "super_a", 0, 1);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+    auto updated = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(updated, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(updated->block_devices.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetBlockDevicePartitionName(updated->block_devices[0]), "super_b");
+    ASSERT_TRUE(updated->groups.empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(updated->partitions.empty());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(updated->extents.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(liblp, UpdateNonRetrofit) {
+    unique_fd fd = CreateFlashedDisk();
+    ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+    DefaultPartitionOpener opener(fd);
+    auto builder = MetadataBuilder::NewForUpdate(opener, "super", 0, 1);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+    auto updated = builder->Export();
+    ASSERT_NE(updated, nullptr);
+    ASSERT_EQ(updated->block_devices.size(), static_cast<size_t>(1));
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetBlockDevicePartitionName(updated->block_devices[0]), "super");
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/partition_opener.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/partition_opener.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..898f241
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/partition_opener.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "liblp/partition_opener.h"
+
+#if defined(__linux__)
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#endif
+#if !defined(_WIN32)
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#endif
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+
+#include "utility.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
+
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
+namespace {
+
+std::string GetPartitionAbsolutePath(const std::string& path) {
+    if (path[0] == '/') {
+        return path;
+    }
+    return "/dev/block/by-name/" + path;
+}
+
+bool GetBlockDeviceInfo(const std::string& block_device, BlockDeviceInfo* device_info) {
+#if defined(__linux__)
+    unique_fd fd(open(block_device.c_str(), O_RDONLY));
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "open '" << block_device << "' failed";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!GetDescriptorSize(fd, &device_info->size)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (ioctl(fd, BLKIOMIN, &device_info->alignment) < 0) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "BLKIOMIN failed on " << block_device;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    int alignment_offset;
+    if (ioctl(fd, BLKALIGNOFF, &alignment_offset) < 0) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "BLKALIGNOFF failed on " << block_device;
+        return false;
+    }
+    int logical_block_size;
+    if (ioctl(fd, BLKSSZGET, &logical_block_size) < 0) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "BLKSSZGET failed on " << block_device;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    device_info->alignment_offset = static_cast<uint32_t>(alignment_offset);
+    device_info->logical_block_size = static_cast<uint32_t>(logical_block_size);
+    device_info->partition_name = android::base::Basename(block_device);
+    return true;
+#else
+    (void)block_device;
+    (void)device_info;
+    LERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << ": Not supported on this operating system.";
+    return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+unique_fd PartitionOpener::Open(const std::string& partition_name, int flags) const {
+    std::string path = GetPartitionAbsolutePath(partition_name);
+    return unique_fd{open(path.c_str(), flags | O_CLOEXEC)};
+}
+
+bool PartitionOpener::GetInfo(const std::string& partition_name, BlockDeviceInfo* info) const {
+    std::string path = GetPartitionAbsolutePath(partition_name);
+    return GetBlockDeviceInfo(path, info);
+}
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.cpp
index 117f5d5..dcee6d2d 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.cpp
@@ -108,47 +108,44 @@
         LERROR << "Metadata max size is not sector-aligned.";
         return false;
     }
+    return true;
+}
 
-    // Check that the metadata area and logical partition areas don't overlap.
-    int64_t end_of_metadata =
-            GetPrimaryMetadataOffset(*geometry, geometry->metadata_slot_count - 1) +
-            geometry->metadata_max_size;
-    if (uint64_t(end_of_metadata) > geometry->first_logical_sector * LP_SECTOR_SIZE) {
-        LERROR << "Logical partition metadata overlaps with logical partition contents.";
+bool ReadPrimaryGeometry(int fd, LpMetadataGeometry* geometry) {
+    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> buffer = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE);
+    if (SeekFile64(fd, GetPrimaryGeometryOffset(), SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " lseek failed";
         return false;
     }
-    return true;
+    if (!android::base::ReadFully(fd, buffer.get(), LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE)) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " read " << LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE << " bytes failed";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return ParseGeometry(buffer.get(), geometry);
+}
+
+bool ReadBackupGeometry(int fd, LpMetadataGeometry* geometry) {
+    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> buffer = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE);
+    if (SeekFile64(fd, GetBackupGeometryOffset(), SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " lseek failed";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!android::base::ReadFully(fd, buffer.get(), LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE)) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " backup read " << LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE
+               << " bytes failed";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return ParseGeometry(buffer.get(), geometry);
 }
 
 // Read and validate geometry information from a block device that holds
 // logical partitions. If the information is corrupted, this will attempt
 // to read it from a secondary backup location.
 bool ReadLogicalPartitionGeometry(int fd, LpMetadataGeometry* geometry) {
-    // Read the first 4096 bytes.
-    std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> buffer = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE);
-    if (SeekFile64(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "lseek failed";
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (!android::base::ReadFully(fd, buffer.get(), LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE)) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "read " << LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE << " bytes failed";
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (ParseGeometry(buffer.get(), geometry)) {
+    if (ReadPrimaryGeometry(fd, geometry)) {
         return true;
     }
-
-    // Try the backup copy in the last 4096 bytes.
-    if (SeekFile64(fd, -LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE, SEEK_END) < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "lseek failed, offset " << -LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE;
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (!android::base::ReadFully(fd, buffer.get(), LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE)) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "backup read " << LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE
-               << " bytes failed";
-        return false;
-    }
-    return ParseGeometry(buffer.get(), geometry);
+    return ReadBackupGeometry(fd, geometry);
 }
 
 static bool ValidateTableBounds(const LpMetadataHeader& header,
@@ -188,7 +185,9 @@
         return false;
     }
     if (!ValidateTableBounds(header, header.partitions) ||
-        !ValidateTableBounds(header, header.extents)) {
+        !ValidateTableBounds(header, header.extents) ||
+        !ValidateTableBounds(header, header.groups) ||
+        !ValidateTableBounds(header, header.block_devices)) {
         LERROR << "Logical partition metadata has invalid table bounds.";
         return false;
     }
@@ -202,6 +201,10 @@
         LERROR << "Logical partition metadata has invalid extent table entry size.";
         return false;
     }
+    if (header.groups.entry_size != sizeof(LpMetadataPartitionGroup)) {
+        LERROR << "Logical partition metadata has invalid group table entry size.";
+        return false;
+    }
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -212,7 +215,7 @@
     // First read and validate the header.
     std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = std::make_unique<LpMetadata>();
     if (!reader->ReadFully(&metadata->header, sizeof(metadata->header))) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "read " << sizeof(metadata->header) << "bytes failed";
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " read " << sizeof(metadata->header) << "bytes failed";
         return nullptr;
     }
     if (!ValidateMetadataHeader(metadata->header)) {
@@ -230,7 +233,7 @@
         return nullptr;
     }
     if (!reader->ReadFully(buffer.get(), header.tables_size)) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "read " << header.tables_size << "bytes failed";
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " read " << header.tables_size << "bytes failed";
         return nullptr;
     }
 
@@ -253,10 +256,18 @@
             LERROR << "Logical partition has invalid attribute set.";
             return nullptr;
         }
+        if (partition.first_extent_index + partition.num_extents < partition.first_extent_index) {
+            LERROR << "Logical partition first_extent_index + num_extents overflowed.";
+            return nullptr;
+        }
         if (partition.first_extent_index + partition.num_extents > header.extents.num_entries) {
             LERROR << "Logical partition has invalid extent list.";
             return nullptr;
         }
+        if (partition.group_index >= header.groups.num_entries) {
+            LERROR << "Logical partition has invalid group index.";
+            return nullptr;
+        }
 
         metadata->partitions.push_back(partition);
     }
@@ -267,8 +278,46 @@
         memcpy(&extent, cursor, sizeof(extent));
         cursor += header.extents.entry_size;
 
+        if (extent.target_type == LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR &&
+            extent.target_source >= header.block_devices.num_entries) {
+            LERROR << "Logical partition extent has invalid block device.";
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
         metadata->extents.push_back(extent);
     }
+
+    cursor = buffer.get() + header.groups.offset;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < header.groups.num_entries; i++) {
+        LpMetadataPartitionGroup group = {};
+        memcpy(&group, cursor, sizeof(group));
+        cursor += header.groups.entry_size;
+
+        metadata->groups.push_back(group);
+    }
+
+    cursor = buffer.get() + header.block_devices.offset;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < header.block_devices.num_entries; i++) {
+        LpMetadataBlockDevice device = {};
+        memcpy(&device, cursor, sizeof(device));
+        cursor += header.block_devices.entry_size;
+
+        metadata->block_devices.push_back(device);
+    }
+
+    const LpMetadataBlockDevice* super_device = GetMetadataSuperBlockDevice(*metadata.get());
+    if (!super_device) {
+        LERROR << "Metadata does not specify a super device.";
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Check that the metadata area and logical partition areas don't overlap.
+    uint64_t metadata_region =
+            GetTotalMetadataSize(geometry.metadata_max_size, geometry.metadata_slot_count);
+    if (metadata_region > super_device->first_logical_sector * LP_SECTOR_SIZE) {
+        LERROR << "Logical partition metadata overlaps with logical partition contents.";
+        return nullptr;
+    }
     return metadata;
 }
 
@@ -287,7 +336,7 @@
                                                 uint32_t slot_number) {
     int64_t offset = GetPrimaryMetadataOffset(geometry, slot_number);
     if (SeekFile64(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "lseek failed: offset " << offset;
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " lseek failed: offset " << offset;
         return nullptr;
     }
     return ParseMetadata(geometry, fd);
@@ -296,39 +345,96 @@
 std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadBackupMetadata(int fd, const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry,
                                                uint32_t slot_number) {
     int64_t offset = GetBackupMetadataOffset(geometry, slot_number);
-    if (SeekFile64(fd, offset, SEEK_END) < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "lseek failed: offset " << offset;
+    if (SeekFile64(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " lseek failed: offset " << offset;
         return nullptr;
     }
     return ParseMetadata(geometry, fd);
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadMetadata(int fd, uint32_t slot_number) {
+namespace {
+
+bool AdjustMetadataForSlot(LpMetadata* metadata, uint32_t slot_number) {
+    std::string slot_suffix = SlotSuffixForSlotNumber(slot_number);
+    for (auto& partition : metadata->partitions) {
+        if (!(partition.attributes & LP_PARTITION_ATTR_SLOT_SUFFIXED)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::string partition_name = GetPartitionName(partition) + slot_suffix;
+        if (partition_name.size() > sizeof(partition.name)) {
+            LERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " partition name too long: " << partition_name;
+            return false;
+        }
+        strncpy(partition.name, partition_name.c_str(), sizeof(partition.name));
+        partition.attributes &= ~LP_PARTITION_ATTR_SLOT_SUFFIXED;
+    }
+    for (auto& block_device : metadata->block_devices) {
+        if (!(block_device.flags & LP_BLOCK_DEVICE_SLOT_SUFFIXED)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::string partition_name = GetBlockDevicePartitionName(block_device) + slot_suffix;
+        if (!UpdateBlockDevicePartitionName(&block_device, partition_name)) {
+            LERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " partition name too long: " << partition_name;
+            return false;
+        }
+        block_device.flags &= ~LP_BLOCK_DEVICE_SLOT_SUFFIXED;
+    }
+    for (auto& group : metadata->groups) {
+        if (!(group.flags & LP_GROUP_SLOT_SUFFIXED)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::string group_name = GetPartitionGroupName(group) + slot_suffix;
+        if (!UpdatePartitionGroupName(&group, group_name)) {
+            LERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " group name too long: " << group_name;
+            return false;
+        }
+        group.flags &= ~LP_GROUP_SLOT_SUFFIXED;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadMetadata(const IPartitionOpener& opener,
+                                         const std::string& super_partition, uint32_t slot_number) {
+    android::base::unique_fd fd = opener.Open(super_partition, O_RDONLY);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " open failed: " << super_partition;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
     LpMetadataGeometry geometry;
     if (!ReadLogicalPartitionGeometry(fd, &geometry)) {
         return nullptr;
     }
-
     if (slot_number >= geometry.metadata_slot_count) {
-        LERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "invalid metadata slot number";
+        LERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " invalid metadata slot number";
         return nullptr;
     }
 
-    // Read the priamry copy, and if that fails, try the backup.
-    std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = ReadPrimaryMetadata(fd, geometry, slot_number);
-    if (metadata) {
-        return metadata;
+    std::vector<int64_t> offsets = {
+            GetPrimaryMetadataOffset(geometry, slot_number),
+            GetBackupMetadataOffset(geometry, slot_number),
+    };
+    std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata;
+
+    for (const auto& offset : offsets) {
+        if (SeekFile64(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+            PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " lseek failed, offset " << offset;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if ((metadata = ParseMetadata(geometry, fd)) != nullptr) {
+            break;
+        }
     }
-    return ReadBackupMetadata(fd, geometry, slot_number);
+    if (!metadata || !AdjustMetadataForSlot(metadata.get(), slot_number)) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return metadata;
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadMetadata(const char* block_device, uint32_t slot_number) {
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(open(block_device, O_RDONLY));
-    if (fd < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "open failed: " << block_device;
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    return ReadMetadata(fd, slot_number);
+std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadMetadata(const std::string& super_partition, uint32_t slot_number) {
+    return ReadMetadata(PartitionOpener(), super_partition, slot_number);
 }
 
 static std::string NameFromFixedArray(const char* name, size_t buffer_size) {
@@ -345,5 +451,13 @@
     return NameFromFixedArray(partition.name, sizeof(partition.name));
 }
 
+std::string GetPartitionGroupName(const LpMetadataPartitionGroup& group) {
+    return NameFromFixedArray(group.name, sizeof(group.name));
+}
+
+std::string GetBlockDevicePartitionName(const LpMetadataBlockDevice& block_device) {
+    return NameFromFixedArray(block_device.partition_name, sizeof(block_device.partition_name));
+}
+
 }  // namespace fs_mgr
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.h
index 9f6ca6e..7a2490b 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.h
@@ -31,13 +31,16 @@
 bool ParseGeometry(const void* buffer, LpMetadataGeometry* geometry);
 
 // Helper functions for manually reading geometry and metadata.
-std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadMetadata(int fd, uint32_t slot_number);
 std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ParseMetadata(const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry, int fd);
 std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ParseMetadata(const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry, const void* buffer,
                                           size_t size);
 bool ReadLogicalPartitionGeometry(int fd, LpMetadataGeometry* geometry);
+bool ReadPrimaryGeometry(int fd, LpMetadataGeometry* geometry);
+bool ReadBackupGeometry(int fd, LpMetadataGeometry* geometry);
 
-// These functions assume a valid geometry and slot number.
+// These functions assume a valid geometry and slot number, and do not obey
+// auto-slot-suffixing. They are used for tests and for checking whether
+// the metadata is coherent across primary and backup copies.
 std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadPrimaryMetadata(int fd, const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry,
                                                 uint32_t slot_number);
 std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> ReadBackupMetadata(int fd, const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry,
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/test_partition_opener.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/test_partition_opener.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c796f6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/test_partition_opener.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "test_partition_opener.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
+
+using android::base::unique_fd;
+
+TestPartitionOpener::TestPartitionOpener(
+        const std::map<std::string, int>& partition_map,
+        const std::map<std::string, BlockDeviceInfo>& partition_info)
+    : partition_map_(partition_map), partition_info_(partition_info) {}
+
+unique_fd TestPartitionOpener::Open(const std::string& partition_name, int flags) const {
+    auto iter = partition_map_.find(partition_name);
+    if (iter == partition_map_.end()) {
+        errno = ENOENT;
+        return {};
+    }
+    return unique_fd{dup(iter->second)};
+}
+
+bool TestPartitionOpener::GetInfo(const std::string& partition_name, BlockDeviceInfo* info) const {
+    auto iter = partition_info_.find(partition_name);
+    if (iter == partition_info_.end()) {
+        errno = ENOENT;
+        return false;
+    }
+    *info = iter->second;
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/test_partition_opener.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/test_partition_opener.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b90fee7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/test_partition_opener.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <liblp/partition_opener.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace fs_mgr {
+
+class TestPartitionOpener : public PartitionOpener {
+  public:
+    explicit TestPartitionOpener(const std::map<std::string, int>& partition_map,
+                                 const std::map<std::string, BlockDeviceInfo>& partition_info = {});
+
+    android::base::unique_fd Open(const std::string& partition_name, int flags) const override;
+    bool GetInfo(const std::string& partition_name, BlockDeviceInfo* info) const override;
+
+  private:
+    std::map<std::string, int> partition_map_;
+    std::map<std::string, BlockDeviceInfo> partition_info_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace fs_mgr
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/utility.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/utility.cpp
index a590037..ecf94a4 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/utility.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/utility.cpp
@@ -16,14 +16,17 @@
 
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#if defined(__linux__)
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#endif
+
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4_utils.h>
 #include <openssl/sha.h>
-#include <uuid/uuid.h>
 
 #include "utility.h"
 
@@ -31,6 +34,7 @@
 namespace fs_mgr {
 
 bool GetDescriptorSize(int fd, uint64_t* size) {
+#if !defined(_WIN32)
     struct stat s;
     if (fstat(fd, &s) < 0) {
         PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "fstat failed";
@@ -41,6 +45,7 @@
         *size = get_block_device_size(fd);
         return *size != 0;
     }
+#endif
 
     int64_t result = SeekFile64(fd, 0, SEEK_END);
     if (result == -1) {
@@ -57,22 +62,40 @@
     return lseek(fd, offset, whence);
 }
 
+int64_t GetPrimaryGeometryOffset() {
+    return LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES;
+}
+
+int64_t GetBackupGeometryOffset() {
+    return GetPrimaryGeometryOffset() + LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE;
+}
+
 int64_t GetPrimaryMetadataOffset(const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry, uint32_t slot_number) {
     CHECK(slot_number < geometry.metadata_slot_count);
-
-    int64_t offset = LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE + geometry.metadata_max_size * slot_number;
-    CHECK(offset + geometry.metadata_max_size <=
-          int64_t(geometry.first_logical_sector * LP_SECTOR_SIZE));
+    int64_t offset = LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES + (LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE * 2) +
+                     geometry.metadata_max_size * slot_number;
     return offset;
 }
 
 int64_t GetBackupMetadataOffset(const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry, uint32_t slot_number) {
     CHECK(slot_number < geometry.metadata_slot_count);
-    int64_t start = int64_t(-LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE) -
+    int64_t start = LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES + (LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE * 2) +
                     int64_t(geometry.metadata_max_size) * geometry.metadata_slot_count;
     return start + int64_t(geometry.metadata_max_size * slot_number);
 }
 
+uint64_t GetTotalMetadataSize(uint32_t metadata_max_size, uint32_t max_slots) {
+    return LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES +
+           (LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE + metadata_max_size * max_slots) * 2;
+}
+
+const LpMetadataBlockDevice* GetMetadataSuperBlockDevice(const LpMetadata& metadata) {
+    if (metadata.block_devices.empty()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return &metadata.block_devices[0];
+}
+
 void SHA256(const void* data, size_t length, uint8_t out[32]) {
     SHA256_CTX c;
     SHA256_Init(&c);
@@ -80,25 +103,72 @@
     SHA256_Final(out, &c);
 }
 
-std::string GetPartitionGuid(const LpMetadataPartition& partition) {
-    // 32 hex characters, four hyphens. Unfortunately libext2_uuid provides no
-    // macro to assist with buffer sizing.
-    static const size_t kGuidLen = 36;
-    char buffer[kGuidLen + 1];
-    uuid_unparse_upper(partition.guid, buffer);
-    return buffer;
-}
-
 uint32_t SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(const std::string& suffix) {
-    if (suffix.empty()) {
+    if (suffix.empty() || suffix == "a" || suffix == "_a") {
         return 0;
-    }
-    if (suffix.size() != 2 || suffix[0] != '_' || suffix[1] < 'a') {
+    } else if (suffix == "b" || suffix == "_b") {
+        return 1;
+    } else {
         LERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "slot '" << suffix
                << "' does not have a recognized format.";
         return 0;
     }
-    return suffix[1] - 'a';
+}
+
+uint64_t GetTotalSuperPartitionSize(const LpMetadata& metadata) {
+    uint64_t size = 0;
+    for (const auto& block_device : metadata.block_devices) {
+        size += block_device.size;
+    }
+    return size;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> GetBlockDevicePartitionNames(const LpMetadata& metadata) {
+    std::vector<std::string> list;
+    for (const auto& block_device : metadata.block_devices) {
+        list.emplace_back(GetBlockDevicePartitionName(block_device));
+    }
+    return list;
+}
+
+std::string GetPartitionSlotSuffix(const std::string& partition_name) {
+    if (partition_name.size() <= 2) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    std::string suffix = partition_name.substr(partition_name.size() - 2);
+    return (suffix == "_a" || suffix == "_b") ? suffix : "";
+}
+
+std::string SlotSuffixForSlotNumber(uint32_t slot_number) {
+    CHECK(slot_number == 0 || slot_number == 1);
+    return (slot_number == 0) ? "_a" : "_b";
+}
+
+bool UpdateBlockDevicePartitionName(LpMetadataBlockDevice* device, const std::string& name) {
+    if (name.size() > sizeof(device->partition_name)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    strncpy(device->partition_name, name.c_str(), sizeof(device->partition_name));
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool UpdatePartitionGroupName(LpMetadataPartitionGroup* group, const std::string& name) {
+    if (name.size() > sizeof(group->name)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    strncpy(group->name, name.c_str(), sizeof(group->name));
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool SetBlockReadonly(int fd, bool readonly) {
+#if defined(__linux__)
+    int val = readonly;
+    return ioctl(fd, BLKROSET, &val) == 0;
+#else
+    (void)fd;
+    (void)readonly;
+    return true;
+#endif
 }
 
 }  // namespace fs_mgr
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/utility.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/utility.h
index 6ef5124..e8b2ca9 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/utility.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/utility.h
@@ -23,12 +23,13 @@
 
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 
-#include "liblp/metadata_format.h"
+#include "liblp/liblp.h"
 
 #define LP_TAG "[liblp]"
 #define LWARN LOG(WARNING) << LP_TAG
 #define LINFO LOG(INFO) << LP_TAG
 #define LERROR LOG(ERROR) << LP_TAG
+#define PWARNING PLOG(WARNING) << LP_TAG
 #define PERROR PLOG(ERROR) << LP_TAG
 
 namespace android {
@@ -38,6 +39,10 @@
 // error. After calling this, the position of |fd| may have changed.
 bool GetDescriptorSize(int fd, uint64_t* size);
 
+// Return the offset of the primary or backup geometry.
+int64_t GetPrimaryGeometryOffset();
+int64_t GetBackupGeometryOffset();
+
 // Return the offset of a primary metadata slot, relative to the start of the
 // device.
 int64_t GetPrimaryMetadataOffset(const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry, uint32_t slot_number);
@@ -46,6 +51,10 @@
 // device.
 int64_t GetBackupMetadataOffset(const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry, uint32_t slot_number);
 
+// Return the total space at the start of the super partition that must be set
+// aside from headers/metadata and backups.
+uint64_t GetTotalMetadataSize(uint32_t metadata_max_size, uint32_t max_slots);
+
 // Cross-platform helper for lseek64().
 int64_t SeekFile64(int fd, int64_t offset, int whence);
 
@@ -76,6 +85,13 @@
     return aligned;
 }
 
+// Update names from C++ strings.
+bool UpdateBlockDevicePartitionName(LpMetadataBlockDevice* device, const std::string& name);
+bool UpdatePartitionGroupName(LpMetadataPartitionGroup* group, const std::string& name);
+
+// Call BLKROSET ioctl on fd so that fd is readonly / read-writable.
+bool SetBlockReadonly(int fd, bool readonly);
+
 }  // namespace fs_mgr
 }  // namespace android
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/utility_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/utility_test.cpp
index 7bf42ae..15f7fff 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/utility_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/utility_test.cpp
@@ -24,10 +24,17 @@
 
 TEST(liblp, SlotNumberForSlotSuffix) {
     EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(""), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix("a"), 0);
     EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix("_a"), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix("b"), 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix("_b"), 1);
-    EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix("_c"), 2);
-    EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix("_d"), 3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix("_c"), 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(SlotNumberForSlotSuffix("_d"), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(liblp, SlotSuffixForSlotNumber) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(SlotSuffixForSlotNumber(0), "_a");
+    EXPECT_EQ(SlotSuffixForSlotNumber(1), "_b");
 }
 
 TEST(liblp, GetMetadataOffset) {
@@ -36,21 +43,18 @@
                                    {0},
                                    16384,
                                    4,
-                                   10000,
-                                   80000,
-                                   0,
-                                   0,
-                                   1024 * 1024,
                                    4096};
-    EXPECT_EQ(GetPrimaryMetadataOffset(geometry, 0), 4096);
-    EXPECT_EQ(GetPrimaryMetadataOffset(geometry, 1), 4096 + 16384);
-    EXPECT_EQ(GetPrimaryMetadataOffset(geometry, 2), 4096 + 16384 * 2);
-    EXPECT_EQ(GetPrimaryMetadataOffset(geometry, 3), 4096 + 16384 * 3);
+    static const uint64_t start = LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES;
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPrimaryMetadataOffset(geometry, 0), start + 8192);
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPrimaryMetadataOffset(geometry, 1), start + 8192 + 16384);
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPrimaryMetadataOffset(geometry, 2), start + 8192 + 16384 * 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPrimaryMetadataOffset(geometry, 3), start + 8192 + 16384 * 3);
 
-    EXPECT_EQ(GetBackupMetadataOffset(geometry, 3), -4096 - 16384 * 1);
-    EXPECT_EQ(GetBackupMetadataOffset(geometry, 2), -4096 - 16384 * 2);
-    EXPECT_EQ(GetBackupMetadataOffset(geometry, 1), -4096 - 16384 * 3);
-    EXPECT_EQ(GetBackupMetadataOffset(geometry, 0), -4096 - 16384 * 4);
+    static const uint64_t backup_start = start + 8192 + 16384 * 4;
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetBackupMetadataOffset(geometry, 3), backup_start + 16384 * 3);
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetBackupMetadataOffset(geometry, 2), backup_start + 16384 * 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetBackupMetadataOffset(geometry, 1), backup_start + 16384 * 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetBackupMetadataOffset(geometry, 0), backup_start + 16384 * 0);
 }
 
 TEST(liblp, AlignTo) {
@@ -63,3 +67,11 @@
     EXPECT_EQ(AlignTo(32, 32, 30), 62);
     EXPECT_EQ(AlignTo(17, 32, 30), 30);
 }
+
+TEST(liblp, GetPartitionSlotSuffix) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionSlotSuffix("system"), "");
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionSlotSuffix("_"), "");
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionSlotSuffix("_a"), "");
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionSlotSuffix("system_a"), "_a");
+    EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionSlotSuffix("system_b"), "_b");
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/writer.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/writer.cpp
index ad84b22..bffcb7e 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/writer.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/writer.cpp
@@ -43,8 +43,7 @@
 static bool CompareGeometry(const LpMetadataGeometry& g1, const LpMetadataGeometry& g2) {
     return g1.metadata_max_size == g2.metadata_max_size &&
            g1.metadata_slot_count == g2.metadata_slot_count &&
-           g1.first_logical_sector == g2.first_logical_sector &&
-           g1.last_logical_sector == g2.last_logical_sector;
+           g1.logical_block_size == g2.logical_block_size;
 }
 
 std::string SerializeMetadata(const LpMetadata& input) {
@@ -56,14 +55,20 @@
                            metadata.partitions.size() * sizeof(LpMetadataPartition));
     std::string extents(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(metadata.extents.data()),
                         metadata.extents.size() * sizeof(LpMetadataExtent));
+    std::string groups(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(metadata.groups.data()),
+                       metadata.groups.size() * sizeof(LpMetadataPartitionGroup));
+    std::string block_devices(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(metadata.block_devices.data()),
+                              metadata.block_devices.size() * sizeof(LpMetadataBlockDevice));
 
     // Compute positions of tables.
     header.partitions.offset = 0;
     header.extents.offset = header.partitions.offset + partitions.size();
-    header.tables_size = header.extents.offset + extents.size();
+    header.groups.offset = header.extents.offset + extents.size();
+    header.block_devices.offset = header.groups.offset + groups.size();
+    header.tables_size = header.block_devices.offset + block_devices.size();
 
     // Compute payload checksum.
-    std::string tables = partitions + extents;
+    std::string tables = partitions + extents + groups + block_devices;
     SHA256(tables.data(), tables.size(), header.tables_checksum);
 
     // Compute header checksum.
@@ -77,24 +82,16 @@
 
 // Perform sanity checks so we don't accidentally overwrite valid metadata
 // with potentially invalid metadata, or random partition data with metadata.
-static bool ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(int fd, const LpMetadata& metadata, std::string* blob) {
-    uint64_t blockdevice_size;
-    if (!GetDescriptorSize(fd, &blockdevice_size)) {
-        return false;
-    }
+static bool ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(const IPartitionOpener& opener, const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                                         const std::string& slot_suffix, std::string* blob) {
+    const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry = metadata.geometry;
 
     *blob = SerializeMetadata(metadata);
 
-    const LpMetadataHeader& header = metadata.header;
-    const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry = metadata.geometry;
-    // Validate the usable sector range.
-    if (geometry.first_logical_sector > geometry.last_logical_sector) {
-        LERROR << "Logical partition metadata has invalid sector range.";
-        return false;
-    }
     // Make sure we're writing within the space reserved.
     if (blob->size() > geometry.metadata_max_size) {
-        LERROR << "Logical partition metadata is too large.";
+        LERROR << "Logical partition metadata is too large. " << blob->size() << " > "
+               << geometry.metadata_max_size;
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -102,19 +99,44 @@
     // metadata.
     uint64_t reserved_size = LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE +
                              uint64_t(geometry.metadata_max_size) * geometry.metadata_slot_count;
-    if (reserved_size > blockdevice_size ||
-        reserved_size > geometry.first_logical_sector * LP_SECTOR_SIZE) {
+    uint64_t total_reserved = LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES + reserved_size * 2;
+
+    const LpMetadataBlockDevice* super_device = GetMetadataSuperBlockDevice(metadata);
+    if (!super_device) {
+        LERROR << "Logical partition metadata does not have a super block device.";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (total_reserved > super_device->first_logical_sector * LP_SECTOR_SIZE) {
         LERROR << "Not enough space to store all logical partition metadata slots.";
         return false;
     }
-    if (blockdevice_size - reserved_size < (geometry.last_logical_sector + 1) * LP_SECTOR_SIZE) {
-        LERROR << "Not enough space to backup all logical partition metadata slots.";
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (blockdevice_size != metadata.geometry.block_device_size) {
-        LERROR << "Block device size " << blockdevice_size
-               << " does not match metadata requested size " << metadata.geometry.block_device_size;
-        return false;
+    for (const auto& block_device : metadata.block_devices) {
+        std::string partition_name = GetBlockDevicePartitionName(block_device);
+        if (block_device.flags & LP_BLOCK_DEVICE_SLOT_SUFFIXED) {
+            if (slot_suffix.empty()) {
+                LERROR << "Block device " << partition_name << " requires a slot suffix,"
+                       << " which could not be derived from the super partition name.";
+                return false;
+            }
+            partition_name += slot_suffix;
+        }
+
+        if ((block_device.first_logical_sector + 1) * LP_SECTOR_SIZE > block_device.size) {
+            LERROR << "Block device " << partition_name << " has invalid first sector "
+                   << block_device.first_logical_sector << " for size " << block_device.size;
+            return false;
+        }
+        BlockDeviceInfo info;
+        if (!opener.GetInfo(partition_name, &info)) {
+            PERROR << partition_name << ": ioctl";
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (info.size != block_device.size) {
+            LERROR << "Block device " << partition_name << " size mismatch (expected"
+                   << block_device.size << ", got " << info.size << ")";
+            return false;
+        }
     }
 
     // Make sure all partition entries reference valid extents.
@@ -126,11 +148,12 @@
     }
 
     // Make sure all linear extents have a valid range.
+    uint64_t last_sector = super_device->size / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
     for (const auto& extent : metadata.extents) {
         if (extent.target_type == LP_TARGET_TYPE_LINEAR) {
             uint64_t physical_sector = extent.target_data;
-            if (physical_sector < geometry.first_logical_sector ||
-                physical_sector + extent.num_sectors > geometry.last_logical_sector) {
+            if (physical_sector < super_device->first_logical_sector ||
+                physical_sector + extent.num_sectors > last_sector) {
                 LERROR << "Extent table entry is out of bounds.";
                 return false;
             }
@@ -139,54 +162,69 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool WritePrimaryMetadata(int fd, const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry, uint32_t slot_number,
+// Check that the given region is within metadata bounds.
+static bool ValidateMetadataRegion(const LpMetadata& metadata, uint64_t start, size_t size) {
+    const LpMetadataBlockDevice* super_device = GetMetadataSuperBlockDevice(metadata);
+    if (!super_device) {
+        LERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " could not locate super block device in metadata";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (start + size >= super_device->first_logical_sector * LP_SECTOR_SIZE) {
+        LERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " write of " << size << " bytes at " << start
+               << " overlaps with logical partition contents";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool WritePrimaryMetadata(int fd, const LpMetadata& metadata, uint32_t slot_number,
                                  const std::string& blob,
                                  const std::function<bool(int, const std::string&)>& writer) {
-    int64_t primary_offset = GetPrimaryMetadataOffset(geometry, slot_number);
+    int64_t primary_offset = GetPrimaryMetadataOffset(metadata.geometry, slot_number);
+    if (!ValidateMetadataRegion(metadata, primary_offset, blob.size())) {
+        return false;
+    }
     if (SeekFile64(fd, primary_offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "lseek failed: offset " << primary_offset;
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " lseek failed: offset " << primary_offset;
         return false;
     }
     if (!writer(fd, blob)) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "write " << blob.size() << " bytes failed";
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " write " << blob.size() << " bytes failed";
         return false;
     }
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool WriteBackupMetadata(int fd, const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry, uint32_t slot_number,
+static bool WriteBackupMetadata(int fd, const LpMetadata& metadata, uint32_t slot_number,
                                 const std::string& blob,
                                 const std::function<bool(int, const std::string&)>& writer) {
-    int64_t backup_offset = GetBackupMetadataOffset(geometry, slot_number);
-    int64_t abs_offset = SeekFile64(fd, backup_offset, SEEK_END);
-    if (abs_offset == (int64_t)-1) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "lseek failed: offset " << backup_offset;
+    int64_t backup_offset = GetBackupMetadataOffset(metadata.geometry, slot_number);
+    if (!ValidateMetadataRegion(metadata, backup_offset, blob.size())) {
         return false;
     }
-    if (abs_offset < int64_t((geometry.last_logical_sector + 1) * LP_SECTOR_SIZE)) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "backup offset " << abs_offset
-               << " is within logical partition bounds, sector " << geometry.last_logical_sector;
+    if (SeekFile64(fd, backup_offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " lseek failed: offset " << backup_offset;
         return false;
     }
     if (!writer(fd, blob)) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "backup write " << blob.size() << " bytes failed";
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " backup write " << blob.size() << " bytes failed";
         return false;
     }
     return true;
 }
 
-static bool WriteMetadata(int fd, const LpMetadataGeometry& geometry, uint32_t slot_number,
+static bool WriteMetadata(int fd, const LpMetadata& metadata, uint32_t slot_number,
                           const std::string& blob,
                           const std::function<bool(int, const std::string&)>& writer) {
     // Make sure we're writing to a valid metadata slot.
-    if (slot_number >= geometry.metadata_slot_count) {
+    if (slot_number >= metadata.geometry.metadata_slot_count) {
         LERROR << "Invalid logical partition metadata slot number.";
         return false;
     }
-    if (!WritePrimaryMetadata(fd, geometry, slot_number, blob, writer)) {
+    if (!WritePrimaryMetadata(fd, metadata, slot_number, blob, writer)) {
         return false;
     }
-    if (!WriteBackupMetadata(fd, geometry, slot_number, blob, writer)) {
+    if (!WriteBackupMetadata(fd, metadata, slot_number, blob, writer)) {
         return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -196,53 +234,101 @@
     return android::base::WriteFully(fd, blob.data(), blob.size());
 }
 
-bool FlashPartitionTable(int fd, const LpMetadata& metadata) {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+static const int O_SYNC = 0;
+#endif
+
+bool FlashPartitionTable(const IPartitionOpener& opener, const std::string& super_partition,
+                         const LpMetadata& metadata) {
+    android::base::unique_fd fd = opener.Open(super_partition, O_RDWR | O_SYNC);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " open failed: " << super_partition;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // This is only used in update_engine and fastbootd, where the super
+    // partition should be specified as a name (or by-name link), and
+    // therefore, we should be able to extract a slot suffix.
+    std::string slot_suffix = GetPartitionSlotSuffix(super_partition);
+
     // Before writing geometry and/or logical partition tables, perform some
     // basic checks that the geometry and tables are coherent, and will fit
     // on the given block device.
     std::string metadata_blob;
-    if (!ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(fd, metadata, &metadata_blob)) {
+    if (!ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(opener, metadata, slot_suffix, &metadata_blob)) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    // Write geometry to the first and last 4096 bytes of the device.
-    std::string blob = SerializeGeometry(metadata.geometry);
+    // On retrofit devices, super_partition is system_other and might be set to readonly by
+    // fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(). Unset readonly so that fd can be written to.
+    if (!SetBlockReadonly(fd.get(), false)) {
+        PWARNING << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " BLKROSET 0 failed: " << super_partition;
+    }
+
+    // Write zeroes to the first block.
+    std::string zeroes(LP_PARTITION_RESERVED_BYTES, 0);
     if (SeekFile64(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "lseek failed: offset 0";
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " lseek failed: offset 0";
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!android::base::WriteFully(fd, zeroes.data(), zeroes.size())) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " write " << zeroes.size() << " bytes failed";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    LWARN << "Flashing new logical partition geometry to " << super_partition;
+
+    // Write geometry to the primary and backup locations.
+    std::string blob = SerializeGeometry(metadata.geometry);
+    if (SeekFile64(fd, GetPrimaryGeometryOffset(), SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " lseek failed: primary geometry";
         return false;
     }
     if (!android::base::WriteFully(fd, blob.data(), blob.size())) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "write " << blob.size() << " bytes failed";
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " write " << blob.size() << " bytes failed";
         return false;
     }
-    if (SeekFile64(fd, -LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE, SEEK_END) < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "lseek failed: offset " << -LP_METADATA_GEOMETRY_SIZE;
+    if (SeekFile64(fd, GetBackupGeometryOffset(), SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " lseek failed: backup geometry";
         return false;
     }
     if (!android::base::WriteFully(fd, blob.data(), blob.size())) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "backup write " << blob.size() << " bytes failed";
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " backup write " << blob.size() << " bytes failed";
         return false;
     }
 
     bool ok = true;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < metadata.geometry.metadata_slot_count; i++) {
-        ok &= WriteMetadata(fd, metadata.geometry, i, metadata_blob, DefaultWriter);
+        ok &= WriteMetadata(fd, metadata, i, metadata_blob, DefaultWriter);
     }
     return ok;
 }
 
+bool FlashPartitionTable(const std::string& super_partition, const LpMetadata& metadata) {
+    return FlashPartitionTable(PartitionOpener(), super_partition, metadata);
+}
+
 static bool CompareMetadata(const LpMetadata& a, const LpMetadata& b) {
     return !memcmp(a.header.header_checksum, b.header.header_checksum,
                    sizeof(a.header.header_checksum));
 }
 
-bool UpdatePartitionTable(int fd, const LpMetadata& metadata, uint32_t slot_number,
+bool UpdatePartitionTable(const IPartitionOpener& opener, const std::string& super_partition,
+                          const LpMetadata& metadata, uint32_t slot_number,
                           const std::function<bool(int, const std::string&)>& writer) {
+    android::base::unique_fd fd = opener.Open(super_partition, O_RDWR | O_SYNC);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << " open failed: " << super_partition;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::string slot_suffix = SlotSuffixForSlotNumber(slot_number);
+
     // Before writing geometry and/or logical partition tables, perform some
     // basic checks that the geometry and tables are coherent, and will fit
     // on the given block device.
     std::string blob;
-    if (!ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(fd, metadata, &blob)) {
+    if (!ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(opener, metadata, slot_suffix, &blob)) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -274,11 +360,11 @@
         // synchronize the backup copy. This guarantees that a partial write
         // still leaves one copy intact.
         std::string old_blob;
-        if (!ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(fd, *primary.get(), &old_blob)) {
+        if (!ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(opener, *primary.get(), slot_suffix, &old_blob)) {
             LERROR << "Error serializing primary metadata to repair corrupted backup";
             return false;
         }
-        if (!WriteBackupMetadata(fd, geometry, slot_number, old_blob, writer)) {
+        if (!WriteBackupMetadata(fd, metadata, slot_number, old_blob, writer)) {
             LERROR << "Error writing primary metadata to repair corrupted backup";
             return false;
         }
@@ -286,50 +372,35 @@
         // The backup copy is coherent, and the primary is not. Sync it for
         // safety.
         std::string old_blob;
-        if (!ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(fd, *backup.get(), &old_blob)) {
-            LERROR << "Error serializing primary metadata to repair corrupted backup";
+        if (!ValidateAndSerializeMetadata(opener, *backup.get(), slot_suffix, &old_blob)) {
+            LERROR << "Error serializing backup metadata to repair corrupted primary";
             return false;
         }
-        if (!WritePrimaryMetadata(fd, geometry, slot_number, old_blob, writer)) {
-            LERROR << "Error writing primary metadata to repair corrupted backup";
+        if (!WritePrimaryMetadata(fd, metadata, slot_number, old_blob, writer)) {
+            LERROR << "Error writing backup metadata to repair corrupted primary";
             return false;
         }
     }
 
     // Both copies should now be in sync, so we can continue the update.
-    return WriteMetadata(fd, geometry, slot_number, blob, writer);
-}
+    if (!WriteMetadata(fd, metadata, slot_number, blob, writer)) {
+        return false;
+    }
 
-bool FlashPartitionTable(const std::string& block_device, const LpMetadata& metadata) {
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(open(block_device.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_SYNC));
-    if (fd < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "open failed: " << block_device;
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (!FlashPartitionTable(fd, metadata)) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    LWARN << "Flashed new logical partition geometry to " << block_device;
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool UpdatePartitionTable(const std::string& block_device, const LpMetadata& metadata,
-                          uint32_t slot_number) {
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(open(block_device.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_SYNC));
-    if (fd < 0) {
-        PERROR << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "open failed: " << block_device;
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (!UpdatePartitionTable(fd, metadata, slot_number)) {
-        return false;
-    }
     LINFO << "Updated logical partition table at slot " << slot_number << " on device "
-          << block_device;
+          << super_partition;
     return true;
 }
 
-bool UpdatePartitionTable(int fd, const LpMetadata& metadata, uint32_t slot_number) {
-    return UpdatePartitionTable(fd, metadata, slot_number, DefaultWriter);
+bool UpdatePartitionTable(const IPartitionOpener& opener, const std::string& super_partition,
+                          const LpMetadata& metadata, uint32_t slot_number) {
+    return UpdatePartitionTable(opener, super_partition, metadata, slot_number, DefaultWriter);
+}
+
+bool UpdatePartitionTable(const std::string& super_partition, const LpMetadata& metadata,
+                          uint32_t slot_number) {
+    PartitionOpener opener;
+    return UpdatePartitionTable(opener, super_partition, metadata, slot_number, DefaultWriter);
 }
 
 }  // namespace fs_mgr
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/writer.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/writer.h
index ab18d45..6f1da0f 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/writer.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/writer.h
@@ -30,10 +30,8 @@
 
 // These variants are for testing only. The path-based functions should be used
 // for actual operation, so that open() is called with the correct flags.
-bool FlashPartitionTable(int fd, const LpMetadata& metadata);
-bool UpdatePartitionTable(int fd, const LpMetadata& metadata, uint32_t slot_number);
-
-bool UpdatePartitionTable(int fd, const LpMetadata& metadata, uint32_t slot_number,
+bool UpdatePartitionTable(const IPartitionOpener& opener, const std::string& super_partition,
+                          const LpMetadata& metadata, uint32_t slot_number,
                           const std::function<bool(int, const std::string&)>& writer);
 
 }  // namespace fs_mgr
diff --git a/fs_mgr/tests/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/tests/Android.bp
index 5497223..ea12e96 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/tests/Android.bp
@@ -23,7 +23,9 @@
         "libfs_mgr",
         "libfstab",
     ],
-
+    data: [
+        "data/*",
+    ],
     srcs: [
         "fs_mgr_test.cpp",
     ],
diff --git a/fs_mgr/tests/adb-remount-test.sh b/fs_mgr/tests/adb-remount-test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..0765f04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/tests/adb-remount-test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,714 @@
+#! /bin/bash
+
+USAGE="USAGE: `basename ${0}` [-s <SerialNumber>]
+
+adb remount tests (overlayfs focus)
+
+Conditions:
+ - Must be a userdebug build.
+ - Must be in adb mode.
+ - Kernel must have overlayfs enabled and patched to support override_creds.
+ - Must have either squashfs, ext4-dedupe or right-sized partitions.
+ - Minimum expectation system and vender are overlayfs covered partitions.
+"
+
+if [ X"${1}" = X"--help" -o X"${1}" = X"-h" -o X"${1}" = X"-?" ]; then
+  echo "${USAGE}" >&2
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+# Helper Variables
+
+SPACE=" "
+# A _real_ embedded tab character
+TAB="`echo | tr '\n' '\t'`"
+# A _real_ embedded escape character
+ESCAPE="`echo | tr '\n' '\033'`"
+GREEN="${ESCAPE}[38;5;40m"
+RED="${ESCAPE}[38;5;196m"
+ORANGE="${ESCAPE}[38;5;255:165:0m"
+BLUE="${ESCAPE}[35m"
+NORMAL="${ESCAPE}[0m"
+
+# Helper functions
+
+[ "USAGE: inFastboot
+
+Returns: true if device is in fastboot mode" ]
+inFastboot() {
+  fastboot devices |
+    if [ -n "${ANDROID_SERIAL}" ]; then
+      grep "^${ANDROID_SERIAL}[${SPACE}${TAB}]" > /dev/null
+    else
+      wc -l | grep '^1$' >/dev/null
+    fi
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: inAdb
+
+Returns: true if device is in adb mode" ]
+inAdb() {
+  adb devices |
+    grep -v -e 'List of devices attached' -e '^$' |
+    if [ -n "${ANDROID_SERIAL}" ]; then
+      grep "^${ANDROID_SERIAL}[${SPACE}${TAB}]" > /dev/null
+    else
+      wc -l | grep '^1$' >/dev/null
+    fi
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: adb_sh <commands> </dev/stdin >/dev/stdout 2>/dev/stderr
+
+Returns: true if the command succeeded" ]
+adb_sh() {
+  args=
+  for i in ${@}; do
+    if [ X"${i}" != X"${i#\'}" ]; then
+      args="${args} ${i}"
+    elif [ X"${i}" != X"${i#* }" ]; then
+      args="${args} '${i}'"
+    else
+      args="${args} ${i}"
+    fi
+  done
+  adb shell ${args}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: adb_date >/dev/stdout
+
+Returns: report device epoch time (suitable for logcat -t)" ]
+adb_date() {
+  adb_sh date +%s.%N </dev/null
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: adb_logcat [arguments] >/dev/stdout
+
+Returns: the logcat output" ]
+adb_logcat() {
+  echo "${RED}[     INFO ]${NORMAL} logcat ${@}" >&2 &&
+  adb logcat "${@}" </dev/null |
+    grep -v 'logd    : logdr: UID=' |
+    sed -e '${/------- beginning of kernel/d}' -e 's/^[0-1][0-9]-[0-3][0-9] //'
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: get_property <prop>
+
+Returns the property value" ]
+get_property() {
+  adb_sh getprop ${1} </dev/null
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: isDebuggable
+
+Returns: true if device is (likely) a debug build" ]
+isDebuggable() {
+  if inAdb && [ 1 != "`get_property ro.debuggable`" ]; then
+    false
+  fi
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: adb_su <commands> </dev/stdin >/dev/stdout 2>/dev/stderr
+
+Returns: true if the command running as root succeeded" ]
+adb_su() {
+  adb_sh su root "${@}"
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: adb_cat <file> >stdout
+
+Returns: content of file to stdout with carriage returns skipped,
+         true of the file exists" ]
+adb_cat() {
+    OUTPUT="`adb_sh cat ${1} </dev/null 2>&1`"
+    retval=${?}
+    echo "${OUTPUT}" | tr -d '\r'
+    return ${retval}
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: adb_reboot
+
+Returns: true if the reboot command succeeded" ]
+adb_reboot() {
+  adb reboot remount-test &&
+  sleep 2
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: adb_wait [timeout]
+
+Returns: waits until the device has returned for adb or optional timeout" ]
+adb_wait() {
+  if [ -n "${1}" ]; then
+    timeout --preserve-status --signal=KILL ${1} adb wait-for-device
+  else
+    adb wait-for-device
+  fi
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: fastboot_wait [timeout]
+
+Returns: waits until the device has returned for fastboot or optional timeout" ]
+fastboot_wait() {
+  # fastboot has no wait-for-device, but it does an automatic
+  # wait and requires (even a nonsensical) command to do so.
+  if [ -n "${1}" ]; then
+    timeout --preserve-status --signal=KILL ${1} fastboot wait-for-device
+  else
+    fastboot wait-for-device >/dev/null
+  fi >/dev/null 2>/dev/null ||
+    inFastboot
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: adb_root
+
+NB: This can be flakey on devices due to USB state
+
+Returns: true if device in root state" ]
+adb_root() {
+  [ `adb_sh echo '${USER}'` != root ] || return 0
+  adb root >/dev/null </dev/null 2>/dev/null
+  sleep 2
+  adb_wait 2m &&
+    [ `adb_sh echo '${USER}'` = root ]
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: adb_unroot
+
+NB: This can be flakey on devices due to USB state
+
+Returns: true if device in un root state" ]
+adb_unroot() {
+  [ `adb_sh echo '${USER}'` = root ] || return 0
+  adb unroot >/dev/null </dev/null 2>/dev/null
+  sleep 2
+  adb_wait 2m &&
+    [ `adb_sh echo '${USER}'` != root ]
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: fastboot_getvar var expected
+
+Returns: true if var output matches expected" ]
+fastboot_getvar() {
+  O=`fastboot getvar ${1} 2>&1`
+  err=${?}
+  O="${O#< waiting for * >?}"
+  O="${O%%?Finished. Total time: *}"
+  if [ 0 -ne ${err} ]; then
+    echo ${O} >&2
+    false
+    return
+  fi
+  if [ "${O}" != "${O#*FAILED}" ]; then
+    O="${1}: <empty>"
+  fi
+  if [ -n "${2}" -a "${1}: ${2}" != "${O}" ]; then
+    echo "${2} != ${O}" >&2
+    false
+    return
+  fi
+  echo ${O} >&2
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: cleanup
+
+Do nothing: should be redefined when necessary
+
+Returns: cleans up any latent resources, reverses configurations" ]
+cleanup () {
+  :
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: die [-d|-t <epoch>] [message] >/dev/stderr
+
+If -d, or -t <epoch> argument is supplied, dump logcat.
+
+Returns: exit failure, report status" ]
+die() {
+  if [ X"-d" = X"${1}" ]; then
+    adb_logcat -b all -v nsec -d >&2
+    shift
+  elif [ X"-t" = X"${1}" ]; then
+    if [ -n "${2}" ]; then
+      adb_logcat -b all -v nsec -t ${2} >&2
+    else
+      adb_logcat -b all -v nsec -d >&2
+    fi
+    shift 2
+  fi
+  echo "${RED}[  FAILED  ]${NORMAL} ${@}" >&2
+  cleanup
+  exit 1
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: EXPECT_EQ <lval> <rval> [message]
+
+Returns true if (regex) lval matches rval" ]
+EXPECT_EQ() {
+  lval="${1}"
+  rval="${2}"
+  shift 2
+  if ! ( echo X"${rval}" | grep '^X'"${lval}"'$' >/dev/null 2>/dev/null ); then
+    if [ `echo ${lval}${rval}${*} | wc -c` -gt 50 -o "${rval}" != "${rval%
+*}" ]; then
+      echo "ERROR: expected \"${lval}\"" >&2
+      echo "       got \"${rval}\"" |
+        sed ': again
+             N
+             s/\(\n\)\([^ ]\)/\1             \2/
+             t again' >&2
+      if [ -n "${*}" ] ; then
+        echo "       ${*}" >&2
+      fi
+    else
+      echo "ERROR: expected \"${lval}\" got \"${rval}\" ${*}" >&2
+    fi
+    return 1
+  fi
+  if [ -n "${*}" ] ; then
+    if [ X"${lval}" != X"${rval}" ]; then
+      if [ `echo ${lval}${rval}${*} | wc -c` -gt 60 -o "${rval}" != "${rval% *}" ]; then
+        echo "INFO: ok \"${lval}\"" >&2
+        echo "       = \"${rval}\"" |
+          sed ': again
+               N
+               s/\(\n\)\([^ ]\)/\1          \2/
+               t again' >&2
+        if [ -n "${*}" ] ; then
+          echo "      ${*}" >&2
+        fi
+      else
+        echo "INFO: ok \"${lval}\" = \"${rval}\" ${*}" >&2
+      fi
+    else
+      echo "INFO: ok \"${lval}\" ${*}" >&2
+    fi
+  fi
+  return 0
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: check_eq <lval> <rval> [message]
+
+Exits if (regex) lval mismatches rval" ]
+check_eq() {
+  left="${1}"
+  right="${2}"
+  shift 2
+  EXPECT_EQ "${left}" "${right}" ||
+    die "${@}"
+}
+
+[ "USAGE: skip_administrative_mounts [data] < /proc/mounts
+
+Filters out all administrative (eg: sysfs) mounts uninteresting to the test" ]
+skip_administrative_mounts() {
+  if [ "data" = "${1}" ]; then
+    grep -v " /data "
+  else
+    cat -
+  fi |
+  grep -v \
+    -e "^\(overlay\|tmpfs\|none\|sysfs\|proc\|selinuxfs\|debugfs\) " \
+    -e "^\(bpf\|cg2_bpf\|pstore\|tracefs\|adb\|mtp\|ptp\|devpts\) " \
+    -e "^\(/data/media\|/dev/block/loop[0-9]*\) " \
+    -e " /\(cache\|mnt/scratch\|mnt/vendor/persist\|metadata\) "
+}
+
+if [ X"-s" = X"${1}" -a -n "${2}" ]; then
+  export ANDROID_SERIAL="${2}"
+  shift 2
+fi
+
+inFastboot && die "device in fastboot mode"
+if ! inAdb; then
+  echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} device not in adb mode ... waiting 2 minutes"
+  adb_wait 2m
+fi
+inAdb || die "specified device not in adb mode"
+isDebuggable || die "device not a debug build"
+enforcing=true
+if ! adb_su getenforce </dev/null | grep 'Enforcing' >/dev/null; then
+  echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} device does not have sepolicy in enforcing mode"
+  enforcing=false
+fi
+
+# Do something
+
+echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} Testing kernel support for overlayfs" >&2
+
+overlayfs_supported=true;
+adb_wait || die "wait for device failed"
+adb_sh ls -d /sys/module/overlay </dev/null >/dev/null &&
+  echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} overlay module present" >&2 ||
+  (
+    echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} overlay module not present" >&2 &&
+      false
+  ) ||
+  overlayfs_supported=false
+if ${overlayfs_supported}; then
+  case `adb_sh uname -r </dev/null` in
+    4.[6789].* | 4.[1-9][0-9]* | [56789].*)
+      adb_su ls /sys/module/overlay/parameters/override_creds </dev/null >/dev/null &&
+        echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} overlay module supports override_creds" >&2 ||
+        (
+          echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} overlay module does not support override_creds" >&2 &&
+          false
+        ) ||
+        overlayfs_supported=false;
+      ;;
+    *)
+      echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} overlay module uses callers creds" >&2
+      ;;
+  esac
+fi
+
+adb_root ||
+  die "initial setup"
+
+echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} Checking current overlayfs status" >&2
+
+# We can not universally use adb enable-verity to ensure device is
+# in a overlayfs disabled state since it can prevent reboot on
+# devices that remount the physical content rather than overlayfs.
+# So lets do our best to surgically wipe the overlayfs state without
+# having to go through enable-verity transition.
+reboot=false
+OVERLAYFS_BACKING="cache mnt/scratch"
+for d in ${OVERLAYFS_BACKING}; do
+  if adb_sh ls -d /${d}/overlay </dev/null >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
+    echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} /${d}/overlay is setup, surgically wiping" >&2
+    adb_sh rm -rf /${d}/overlay </dev/null ||
+      die "/${d}/overlay wipe"
+    reboot=true
+  fi
+done
+if ${reboot}; then
+  echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} rebooting before test" >&2
+  adb_reboot &&
+    adb_wait 2m ||
+    die "lost device after reboot after wipe"
+  adb_root ||
+    die "lost device after elevation to root after wipe"
+fi
+D=`adb_sh df -k </dev/null` &&
+  H=`echo "${D}" | head -1` &&
+  D=`echo "${D}" | grep -v " /vendor/..*$" | grep "^overlay "` &&
+  echo "${H}" &&
+  echo "${D}" &&
+  echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} overlays present before setup" >&2 ||
+  echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} no overlay present before setup" >&2
+overlayfs_needed=true
+D=`adb_sh cat /proc/mounts </dev/null |
+   skip_administrative_mounts data`
+if echo "${D}" | grep /dev/root >/dev/null; then
+  D=`echo / /
+     echo "${D}" | grep -v /dev/root`
+fi
+D=`echo "${D}" | cut -s -d' ' -f1 | sort -u`
+D=`adb_sh df -k ${D} </dev/null`
+echo "${D}"
+if [ X"${D}" = X"${D##* 100[%] }" ]; then
+  overlayfs_needed=false
+elif ! ${overlayfs_supported}; then
+  die "need overlayfs, but do not have it"
+fi
+
+echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} disable verity" >&2
+
+T=`adb_date`
+H=`adb disable-verity 2>&1`
+err=${?}
+L=
+D="${H%?Now reboot your device for settings to take effect}"
+if [ X"${D}" != X"${D##*using overlayfs}" ]; then
+  echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} using overlayfs" >&2
+fi
+if [ ${err} != 0 ]; then
+  echo "${H}"
+  ( [ -n "${L}" ] && echo "${L}" && false ) ||
+  die -t "${T}" "disable-verity"
+fi
+rebooted=false
+if [ X"${D}" != X"${H}" ]; then
+  echo "${H}"
+  if [ X"${D}" != X"${D##*setup failed}" ]; then
+    echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} overlayfs setup whined" >&2
+  fi
+  D=`adb_sh df -k </dev/null` &&
+    H=`echo "${D}" | head -1` &&
+    D=`echo "${D}" | grep -v " /vendor/..*$" | grep "^overlay " || true` &&
+    [ -z "${D}" ] ||
+    ( echo "${H}" && echo "${D}" && false ) ||
+    die -t ${T} "overlay takeover unexpected at this phase"
+  echo "${GREEN}[     INFO ]${NORMAL} rebooting as requested" >&2
+  L=`adb_logcat -b all -v nsec -t ${T} 2>&1`
+  adb_reboot &&
+    adb_wait 2m ||
+    die "lost device after reboot requested"
+  adb_root ||
+    die "lost device after elevation to root"
+  rebooted=true
+  # re-disable verity to see the setup remarks expected
+  T=`adb_date`
+  H=`adb disable-verity 2>&1`
+  err=${?}
+  D="${H%?Now reboot your device for settings to take effect}"
+  if [ X"${D}" != X"${D##*using overlayfs}" ]; then
+    echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} using overlayfs" >&2
+  fi
+  if [ ${err} != 0 ]; then
+    T=
+  fi
+fi
+if ${overlayfs_supported} && ${overlayfs_needed} && [ X"${D}" != X"${D##*setup failed}" ]; then
+  echo "${D}"
+  ( [ -n "${L}" ] && echo "${L}" && false ) ||
+  die -t "${T}" "setup for overlay"
+fi
+if [ X"${D}" != X"${D##*Successfully disabled verity}" ]; then
+  echo "${H}"
+  D=`adb_sh df -k </dev/null` &&
+    H=`echo "${D}" | head -1` &&
+    D=`echo "${D}" | grep -v " /vendor/..*$" | grep "^overlay " || true` &&
+    [ -z "${D}" ] ||
+    ( echo "${H}" && echo "${D}" && false ) ||
+    ( [ -n "${L}" ] && echo "${L}" && false ) ||
+    die -t "${T}" "overlay takeover unexpected"
+  [ -n "${L}" ] && echo "${L}"
+  die -t "${T}" "unexpected report of verity being disabled a second time"
+elif ${rebooted}; then
+  echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} verity already disabled" >&2
+else
+  echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} verity already disabled" >&2
+fi
+
+echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} remount" >&2
+
+adb remount ||
+  ( [ -n "${L}" ] && echo "${L}" && false ) ||
+  die -t "${T}" "adb remount failed"
+D=`adb_sh df -k </dev/null` &&
+  H=`echo "${D}" | head -1` &&
+  D=`echo "${D}" | grep -v " /vendor/..*$" | grep "^overlay "` ||
+  ( [ -n "${L}" ] && echo "${L}" && false )
+ret=${?}
+uses_dynamic_scratch=false
+scratch_partition=
+if ${overlayfs_needed}; then
+  if [ ${ret} != 0 ]; then
+    die -t ${T} "overlay takeover failed"
+  fi
+  echo "${D}" | grep "^overlay .* /system\$" >/dev/null ||
+   echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} overlay takeover not complete" >&2
+  scratch_partition=scratch
+  if echo "${D}" | grep " /mnt/scratch" >/dev/null; then
+    echo "${BLUE}[     INFO ]${NORMAL} using ${scratch_partition} dynamic partition for overrides" >&2
+  fi
+  M=`adb_sh cat /proc/mounts </dev/null |
+     sed -n 's@\([^ ]*\) /mnt/scratch \([^ ]*\) .*@\2 on \1@p'`
+  [ -n "${M}" ] &&
+    echo "${BLUE}[     INFO ]${NORMAL} scratch filesystem ${M}"
+  uses_dynamic_scratch=true
+  if [ "${M}" != "${M##*/dev/block/by-name/}" ]; then
+    uses_dynamic_scratch=false
+    scratch_partition="${M##*/dev/block/by-name/}"
+  fi
+  scratch_size=`adb_sh df -k /mnt/scratch </dev/null 2>/dev/null |
+                while read device kblocks used available use mounted on; do
+                  if [ "/mnt/scratch" = "\${mounted}" ]; then
+                    echo \${kblocks}
+                  fi
+                done` &&
+    [ -n "${scratch_size}" ] ||
+    die "scratch size"
+  echo "${BLUE}[     INFO ]${NORMAL} scratch size ${scratch_size}KB" >&2
+  for d in ${OVERLAYFS_BACKING}; do
+    if adb_sh ls -d /${d}/overlay/system/upper </dev/null >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
+      echo "${BLUE}[     INFO ]${NORMAL} /${d}/overlay is setup" >&2
+    fi
+  done
+
+  echo "${H}" &&
+    echo "${D}" &&
+    echo "${D}" | grep "^overlay .* /system\$" >/dev/null ||
+    die  "overlay takeover after remount"
+  !(adb_sh grep "^overlay " /proc/mounts </dev/null |
+    grep -v "^overlay /\(vendor\|system\)/..* overlay ro," |
+    grep " overlay ro,") &&
+    !(adb_sh grep " rw," /proc/mounts </dev/null |
+      skip_administrative_mounts data) ||
+    die "remount overlayfs missed a spot (ro)"
+else
+  if [ ${ret} = 0 ]; then
+    die -t ${T} "unexpected overlay takeover"
+  fi
+fi
+
+# Check something
+
+echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} push content to /system and /vendor" >&2
+
+A="Hello World! $(date)"
+echo "${A}" | adb_sh "cat - > /system/hello"
+echo "${A}" | adb_sh "cat - > /vendor/hello"
+B="`adb_cat /system/hello`" ||
+  die "sytem hello"
+check_eq "${A}" "${B}" /system before reboot
+B="`adb_cat /vendor/hello`" ||
+  die "vendor hello"
+check_eq "${A}" "${B}" /vendor before reboot
+
+echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} reboot to confirm content persistent" >&2
+
+adb_reboot &&
+  adb_wait 2m ||
+  die "reboot after override content added failed"
+
+if ${overlayfs_needed}; then
+  D=`adb_su df -k </dev/null` &&
+    H=`echo "${D}" | head -1` &&
+    D=`echo "${D}" | grep -v " /vendor/..*$" | grep "^overlay "` ||
+    ( echo "${L}" && false ) ||
+    die -d "overlay takeover failed after reboot"
+
+  adb_su "sed -n '1,/overlay \\/system/p' /proc/mounts" </dev/null |
+    skip_administrative_mounts |
+    grep -v ' \(squashfs\|ext4\|f2fs\) ' &&
+    echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} overlay takeover after first stage init" >&2 ||
+    echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} overlay takeover in first stage init" >&2
+fi
+
+B="`adb_cat /system/hello`" ||
+  die "re-read /system/hello after reboot"
+check_eq "${A}" "${B}" /system after reboot
+echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} /system content remains after reboot" >&2
+# Only root can read vendor if sepolicy permissions are as expected
+if ${enforcing}; then
+  adb_unroot
+  B="`adb_cat /vendor/hello`" &&
+    die "re-read /vendor/hello after reboot w/o root"
+  check_eq "cat: /vendor/hello: Permission denied" "${B}" vendor after reboot w/o root
+  echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} /vendor content correct MAC after reboot" >&2
+fi
+adb_root &&
+  B="`adb_cat /vendor/hello`" ||
+  die "re-read /vendor/hello after reboot"
+check_eq "${A}" "${B}" vendor after reboot
+echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} /vendor content remains after reboot" >&2
+
+echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} flash vendor, confirm its content disappears" >&2
+
+H=`adb_sh echo '${HOSTNAME}' </dev/null 2>/dev/null`
+if [ -z "${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT}" ]; then
+  echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} build tree not setup, skipping"
+elif [ ! -s "${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT}/vendor.img" ]; then
+  echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} vendor image missing, skipping"
+elif [ "${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT}" = "${ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT%*/${H}}" ]; then
+  echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} wrong vendor image, skipping"
+else
+  adb reboot-fastboot &&
+    fastboot_wait 2m &&
+    fastboot flash vendor ||
+    ( fastboot reboot && false) ||
+    die "fastboot flash vendor"
+  if [ -n "${scratch_paritition}" ]; then
+    fastboot_getvar partition-type:${scratch_partition} raw ||
+      ( fastboot reboot && false) ||
+      die "fastboot can not see ${scratch_partition} parameters"
+    if ${uses_dynamic_scratch}; then
+      # check ${scratch_partition} via fastboot
+      fastboot_getvar has-slot:${scratch_partition} no &&
+        fastboot_getvar is-logical:${scratch_partition} yes ||
+        ( fastboot reboot && false) ||
+        die "fastboot can not see ${scratch_partition} parameters"
+    else
+      fastboot_getvar is-logical:${scratch_partition} no ||
+        ( fastboot reboot && false) ||
+        die "fastboot can not see ${scratch_partition} parameters"
+    fi
+    if ! ${uses_dynamic_scratch}; then
+      fastboot reboot-bootloader ||
+        die "Reboot into fastboot"
+    fi
+    if ${uses_dynamic_scratch}; then
+      echo "${BLUE}[     INFO ]${NORMAL} expect fastboot erase ${scratch_partition} to fail" >&2
+      fastboot erase ${scratch_partition} &&
+        ( fastboot reboot || true) &&
+        die "fastboot can erase ${scratch_partition}"
+    fi
+    echo "${BLUE}[     INFO ]${NORMAL} expect fastboot format ${scratch_partition} to fail" >&2
+    fastboot format ${scratch_partition} &&
+      ( fastboot reboot || true) &&
+      die "fastboot can format ${scratch_partition}"
+  fi
+  fastboot reboot ||
+    die "can not reboot out of fastboot"
+  echo "${ORANGE}[  WARNING ]${NORMAL} adb after fastboot ... waiting 2 minutes"
+  adb_wait 2m ||
+    die "did not reboot after flash"
+  if ${overlayfs_needed}; then
+    adb_root &&
+      D=`adb_sh df -k </dev/null` &&
+      H=`echo "${D}" | head -1` &&
+      D=`echo "${D}" | grep -v " /vendor/..*$" | grep "^overlay "` &&
+      echo "${H}" &&
+      echo "${D}" &&
+      echo "${D}" | grep "^overlay .* /system\$" >/dev/null ||
+      die  "overlay /system takeover after flash vendor"
+    echo "${D}" | grep "^overlay .* /vendor\$" >/dev/null &&
+      die  "overlay supposed to be minus /vendor takeover after flash vendor"
+  fi
+  B="`adb_cat /system/hello`" ||
+    die "re-read /system/hello after flash vendor"
+  check_eq "${A}" "${B}" system after flash vendor
+  adb_root ||
+    die "adb root"
+  B="`adb_cat /vendor/hello`" &&
+    die "re-read /vendor/hello after flash vendor"
+  check_eq "cat: /vendor/hello: No such file or directory" "${B}" vendor after flash vendor
+fi
+
+echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} remove test content (cleanup)" >&2
+
+T=`adb_date`
+adb remount &&
+  ( adb_sh rm /vendor/hello </dev/null 2>/dev/null || true ) &&
+  adb_sh rm /system/hello </dev/null ||
+  die -t ${T} "cleanup hello"
+B="`adb_cat /system/hello`" &&
+  die "re-read /system/hello after rm"
+check_eq "cat: /system/hello: No such file or directory" "${B}" after flash rm
+B="`adb_cat /vendor/hello`" &&
+  die "re-read /vendor/hello after rm"
+check_eq "cat: /vendor/hello: No such file or directory" "${B}" after flash rm
+
+if [ -n "${scratch_partition}" ]; then
+
+  echo "${GREEN}[ RUN      ]${NORMAL} test fastboot flash to ${scratch_partition}" >&2
+
+  adb reboot-fastboot ||
+    die "Reboot into fastbootd"
+  dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/adb-remount-test.img bs=4096 count=16 2>/dev/null &&
+    fastboot_wait 2m ||
+    ( rm /tmp/adb-remount-test.img && false) ||
+    die "reboot into fastboot"
+  fastboot flash --force ${scratch_partition} /tmp/adb-remount-test.img
+  err=${?}
+  rm /tmp/adb-remount-test.img
+  fastboot reboot ||
+    die "can not reboot out of fastboot"
+  [ 0 -eq ${err} ] ||
+    die "fastboot flash ${scratch_partition}"
+  adb_wait 2m &&
+    adb_root ||
+    die "did not reboot after flash"
+  T=`adb_date`
+  D=`adb disable-verity 2>&1`
+  err=${?}
+  echo "${D}"
+  [ ${err} = 0 ] &&
+    [ X"${D}" = X"${D##*setup failed}" ] &&
+    [ X"${D}" != X"${D##*using overlayfs}" ] &&
+    echo "${GREEN}[       OK ]${NORMAL} ${scratch_partition} recreated" >&2 ||
+    die -t ${T} "setup for overlayfs"
+fi
+
+echo "${GREEN}[  PASSED  ]${NORMAL} adb remount" >&2
diff --git a/fs_mgr/tests/data/fstab.example b/fs_mgr/tests/data/fstab.example
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a3dfa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/tests/data/fstab.example
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Android fstab file.
+
+#<src>                                              <mnt_point>        <type>      <mnt_flags and options>                               <fs_mgr_flags>
+
+/dev/block/bootdevice/by-name/system                /                  ext4        ro,barrier=1                                          wait,slotselect,avb
+/dev/block/bootdevice/by-name/metadata              /metadata          ext4        noatime,nosuid,nodev,discard                          wait,formattable
+/dev/block/bootdevice/by-name/userdata              /data              f2fs        noatime,nosuid,nodev,discard,reserve_root=32768,resgid=1065,fsync_mode=nobarrier       latemount,wait,check,fileencryption=ice,keydirectory=/metadata/vold/metadata_encryption,quota,formattable,sysfs_path=/sys/devices/platform/soc/1d84000.ufshc,reservedsize=128M
+/dev/block/bootdevice/by-name/misc                  /misc              emmc        defaults                                              defaults
+/dev/block/bootdevice/by-name/modem                 /vendor/firmware_mnt          vfat        ro,shortname=lower,uid=1000,gid=1000,dmask=227,fmask=337,context=u:object_r:firmware_file:s0   wait,slotselect
+/devices/platform/soc/a600000.ssusb/a600000.dwc3*   auto               vfat        defaults                                              voldmanaged=usb:auto
+/dev/block/zram0                                    none               swap        defaults                                              zramsize=1073741824,max_comp_streams=8
diff --git a/fs_mgr/tests/fs_mgr_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/tests/fs_mgr_test.cpp
index 8b1c55a..1922a69 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/tests/fs_mgr_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/tests/fs_mgr_test.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <fstab/fstab.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@
     auto fstab = fs_mgr_read_fstab("/proc/mounts");
     ASSERT_NE(fstab, nullptr);
 
-    std::unique_ptr<std::FILE, int (*)(std::FILE*)> mounts(setmntent("/proc/mounts", "r"),
+    std::unique_ptr<std::FILE, int (*)(std::FILE*)> mounts(setmntent("/proc/mounts", "re"),
                                                            endmntent);
     ASSERT_NE(mounts, nullptr);
 
@@ -201,3 +203,33 @@
         ++i;
     }
 }
+
+TEST(fs_mgr, ReadFstabFromFile_FsOptions) {
+    Fstab fstab;
+    std::string fstab_file = android::base::GetExecutableDirectory() + "/data/fstab.example";
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ReadFstabFromFile(fstab_file, &fstab));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ("/", fstab[0].mount_point);
+    EXPECT_EQ("barrier=1", fstab[0].fs_options);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ("/metadata", fstab[1].mount_point);
+    EXPECT_EQ("discard", fstab[1].fs_options);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ("/data", fstab[2].mount_point);
+    EXPECT_EQ("discard,reserve_root=32768,resgid=1065,fsync_mode=nobarrier", fstab[2].fs_options);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ("/misc", fstab[3].mount_point);
+    EXPECT_EQ("", fstab[3].fs_options);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ("/vendor/firmware_mnt", fstab[4].mount_point);
+    EXPECT_EQ(
+            "shortname=lower,uid=1000,gid=1000,dmask=227,fmask=337,"
+            "context=u:object_r:firmware_file:s0",
+            fstab[4].fs_options);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ("auto", fstab[5].mount_point);
+    EXPECT_EQ("", fstab[5].fs_options);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ("none", fstab[6].mount_point);
+    EXPECT_EQ("", fstab[6].fs_options);
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/tools/dmctl.cpp b/fs_mgr/tools/dmctl.cpp
index 879ba21..3b6ff9b 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/tools/dmctl.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/tools/dmctl.cpp
@@ -36,12 +36,15 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
+
 using DeviceMapper = ::android::dm::DeviceMapper;
 using DmTable = ::android::dm::DmTable;
 using DmTarget = ::android::dm::DmTarget;
 using DmTargetLinear = ::android::dm::DmTargetLinear;
 using DmTargetZero = ::android::dm::DmTargetZero;
 using DmTargetAndroidVerity = ::android::dm::DmTargetAndroidVerity;
+using DmTargetBow = ::android::dm::DmTargetBow;
 using DmTargetTypeInfo = ::android::dm::DmTargetTypeInfo;
 using DmBlockDevice = ::android::dm::DeviceMapper::DmBlockDevice;
 
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@
     std::cerr << "commands:" << std::endl;
     std::cerr << "  create <dm-name> [-ro] <targets...>" << std::endl;
     std::cerr << "  delete <dm-name>" << std::endl;
-    std::cerr << "  list <devices | targets>" << std::endl;
+    std::cerr << "  list <devices | targets> [-v]" << std::endl;
     std::cerr << "  getpath <dm-name>" << std::endl;
     std::cerr << "  table <dm-name>" << std::endl;
     std::cerr << "  help" << std::endl;
@@ -108,6 +111,13 @@
             std::string block_device = NextArg();
             return std::make_unique<DmTargetAndroidVerity>(start_sector, num_sectors, keyid,
                                                            block_device);
+        } else if (target_type == "bow") {
+            if (!HasArgs(1)) {
+                std::cerr << "Expected \"bow\" <block_device>" << std::endl;
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            std::string block_device = NextArg();
+            return std::make_unique<DmTargetBow>(start_sector, num_sectors, block_device);
         } else {
             std::cerr << "Unrecognized target type: " << target_type << std::endl;
             return nullptr;
@@ -189,7 +199,8 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int DmListTargets(DeviceMapper& dm) {
+static int DmListTargets(DeviceMapper& dm, [[maybe_unused]] int argc,
+                         [[maybe_unused]] char** argv) {
     std::vector<DmTargetTypeInfo> targets;
     if (!dm.GetAvailableTargets(&targets)) {
         std::cerr << "Failed to read available device mapper targets" << std::endl;
@@ -210,7 +221,7 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int DmListDevices(DeviceMapper& dm) {
+static int DmListDevices(DeviceMapper& dm, int argc, char** argv) {
     std::vector<DmBlockDevice> devices;
     if (!dm.GetAvailableDevices(&devices)) {
         std::cerr << "Failed to read available device mapper devices" << std::endl;
@@ -222,15 +233,37 @@
         return 0;
     }
 
+    bool verbose = (argc && (argv[0] == "-v"s));
     for (const auto& dev : devices) {
         std::cout << std::left << std::setw(20) << dev.name() << " : " << dev.Major() << ":"
                   << dev.Minor() << std::endl;
+        if (verbose) {
+            std::vector<DeviceMapper::TargetInfo> table;
+            if (!dm.GetTableInfo(dev.name(), &table)) {
+                std::cerr << "Could not query table status for device \"" << dev.name() << "\"."
+                          << std::endl;
+                return -EINVAL;
+            }
+
+            uint32_t target_num = 1;
+            for (const auto& target : table) {
+                std::cout << "  target#" << target_num << ": ";
+                std::cout << target.spec.sector_start << "-"
+                          << (target.spec.sector_start + target.spec.length) << ": "
+                          << target.spec.target_type;
+                if (!target.data.empty()) {
+                    std::cout << ", " << target.data;
+                }
+                std::cout << std::endl;
+                target_num++;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     return 0;
 }
 
-static const std::map<std::string, std::function<int(DeviceMapper&)>> listmap = {
+static const std::map<std::string, std::function<int(DeviceMapper&, int, char**)>> listmap = {
         {"targets", DmListTargets},
         {"devices", DmListDevices},
 };
@@ -243,7 +276,7 @@
 
     DeviceMapper& dm = DeviceMapper::Instance();
     for (const auto& l : listmap) {
-        if (l.first == argv[0]) return l.second(dm);
+        if (l.first == argv[0]) return l.second(dm, argc - 1, argv + 1);
     }
 
     std::cerr << "Invalid argument to \'dmctl list\': " << argv[0] << std::endl;
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/Android.bp b/gatekeeperd/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e9c7ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gatekeeperd/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "gatekeeperd",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wunused",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "SoftGateKeeperDevice.cpp",
+        "IGateKeeperService.cpp",
+        "gatekeeperd.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbinder",
+        "libgatekeeper",
+        "liblog",
+        "libhardware",
+        "libbase",
+        "libutils",
+        "libcrypto",
+        "libkeystore_aidl",
+        "libkeystore_binder",
+        "libhidlbase",
+        "libhidltransport",
+        "libhwbinder",
+        "android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0",
+    ],
+
+    static_libs: ["libscrypt_static"],
+    include_dirs: ["external/scrypt/lib/crypto"],
+    init_rc: ["gatekeeperd.rc"],
+}
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/Android.mk b/gatekeeperd/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 6d5d1ea..0000000
--- a/gatekeeperd/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Wextra -Werror -Wunused
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-	SoftGateKeeperDevice.cpp \
-	IGateKeeperService.cpp \
-	gatekeeperd.cpp
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := gatekeeperd
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
-	libbinder \
-	libgatekeeper \
-	liblog \
-	libhardware \
-	libbase \
-	libutils \
-	libcrypto \
-	libkeystore_aidl \
-	libkeystore_binder \
-	libhidlbase \
-	libhidltransport \
-	libhwbinder \
-	android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0 \
-
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libscrypt_static
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := external/scrypt/lib/crypto
-LOCAL_INIT_RC := gatekeeperd.rc
-include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
-
-include $(call first-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/IGateKeeperService.cpp b/gatekeeperd/IGateKeeperService.cpp
index 1c339f4..43d5708 100644
--- a/gatekeeperd/IGateKeeperService.cpp
+++ b/gatekeeperd/IGateKeeperService.cpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
             } else {
                 reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_ERROR);
             }
-            return NO_ERROR;
+            return OK;
         }
         case VERIFY: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(IGateKeeperService, data, reply);
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
             } else {
                 reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_ERROR);
             }
-            return NO_ERROR;
+            return OK;
         }
         case VERIFY_CHALLENGE: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(IGateKeeperService, data, reply);
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@
             } else {
                 reply->writeInt32(GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_ERROR);
             }
-            return NO_ERROR;
+            return OK;
         }
         case GET_SECURE_USER_ID: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(IGateKeeperService, data, reply);
@@ -149,20 +149,20 @@
             uint64_t sid = getSecureUserId(uid);
             reply->writeNoException();
             reply->writeInt64(sid);
-            return NO_ERROR;
+            return OK;
         }
         case CLEAR_SECURE_USER_ID: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(IGateKeeperService, data, reply);
             uint32_t uid = data.readInt32();
             clearSecureUserId(uid);
             reply->writeNoException();
-            return NO_ERROR;
+            return OK;
         }
         case REPORT_DEVICE_SETUP_COMPLETE: {
             CHECK_INTERFACE(IGateKeeperService, data, reply);
             reportDeviceSetupComplete();
             reply->writeNoException();
-            return NO_ERROR;
+            return OK;
         }
         default:
             return BBinder::onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp b/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
index 5f3ce36..446b66e 100644
--- a/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
+++ b/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <memory>
 
-#include <android/security/IKeystoreService.h>
+#include <android/security/keystore/IKeystoreService.h>
 #include <binder/IPCThreadState.h>
 #include <binder/IServiceManager.h>
 #include <binder/PermissionCache.h>
@@ -318,8 +318,8 @@
             // TODO: cache service?
             sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();
             sp<IBinder> binder = sm->getService(String16("android.security.keystore"));
-            sp<security::IKeystoreService> service =
-                interface_cast<security::IKeystoreService>(binder);
+            sp<security::keystore::IKeystoreService> service =
+                    interface_cast<security::keystore::IKeystoreService>(binder);
             if (service != NULL) {
                 std::vector<uint8_t> auth_token_vector(*auth_token,
                                                        (*auth_token) + *auth_token_length);
@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@
             write(fd, result, strlen(result) + 1);
         }
 
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
 
 private:
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/tests/Android.bp b/gatekeeperd/tests/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4cf93b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gatekeeperd/tests/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "gatekeeperd-unit-tests",
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-g",
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-missing-field-initializers",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libgatekeeper",
+        "libcrypto",
+        "libbase",
+    ],
+    static_libs: ["libscrypt_static"],
+    include_dirs: ["external/scrypt/lib/crypto"],
+    srcs: ["gatekeeper_test.cpp"],
+}
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/tests/Android.mk b/gatekeeperd/tests/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index c38c64b..0000000
--- a/gatekeeperd/tests/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := gatekeeperd-unit-tests
-LOCAL_ADDITIONAL_DEPENDENCIES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/Android.mk
-LOCAL_CFLAGS += -g -Wall -Werror -Wno-missing-field-initializers
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libgatekeeper libcrypto libbase
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libscrypt_static
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := external/scrypt/lib/crypto
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
-	gatekeeper_test.cpp
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
-
diff --git a/healthd/Android.mk b/healthd/Android.mk
index f7214c6..2127b96 100644
--- a/healthd/Android.mk
+++ b/healthd/Android.mk
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
     AnimationParser.cpp
 
 LOCAL_MODULE := libhealthd_charger
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := bootable/recovery $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
+LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
 LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDE_DIRS := \
     $(LOCAL_PATH) \
     $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@
     android.hardware.health@2.0 \
     android.hardware.health@1.0 \
     android.hardware.health@1.0-convert \
+    libbinderthreadstate \
     libhidltransport \
     libhidlbase \
     libhwbinder_noltopgo \
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@
     libbase \
     libutils \
     libcutils \
+    libprocessgroup \
     liblog \
     libm \
     libc \
diff --git a/healthd/BatteryMonitor.cpp b/healthd/BatteryMonitor.cpp
index 80c5afe..06c8176 100644
--- a/healthd/BatteryMonitor.cpp
+++ b/healthd/BatteryMonitor.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <memory>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
@@ -240,10 +242,9 @@
     if (readFromFile(mHealthdConfig->batteryTechnologyPath, &buf) > 0)
         props.batteryTechnology = String8(buf.c_str());
 
-    unsigned int i;
     double MaxPower = 0;
 
-    for (i = 0; i < mChargerNames.size(); i++) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mChargerNames.size(); i++) {
         String8 path;
         path.appendFormat("%s/%s/online", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH,
                           mChargerNames[i].string());
@@ -357,7 +358,7 @@
         if (!mHealthdConfig->batteryChargeCounterPath.isEmpty()) {
             val->valueInt64 =
                 getIntField(mHealthdConfig->batteryChargeCounterPath);
-            ret = NO_ERROR;
+            ret = OK;
         } else {
             ret = NAME_NOT_FOUND;
         }
@@ -367,7 +368,7 @@
         if (!mHealthdConfig->batteryCurrentNowPath.isEmpty()) {
             val->valueInt64 =
                 getIntField(mHealthdConfig->batteryCurrentNowPath);
-            ret = NO_ERROR;
+            ret = OK;
         } else {
             ret = NAME_NOT_FOUND;
         }
@@ -377,7 +378,7 @@
         if (!mHealthdConfig->batteryCurrentAvgPath.isEmpty()) {
             val->valueInt64 =
                 getIntField(mHealthdConfig->batteryCurrentAvgPath);
-            ret = NO_ERROR;
+            ret = OK;
         } else {
             ret = NAME_NOT_FOUND;
         }
@@ -387,7 +388,7 @@
         if (!mHealthdConfig->batteryCapacityPath.isEmpty()) {
             val->valueInt64 =
                 getIntField(mHealthdConfig->batteryCapacityPath);
-            ret = NO_ERROR;
+            ret = OK;
         } else {
             ret = NAME_NOT_FOUND;
         }
@@ -403,7 +404,7 @@
 
     case BATTERY_PROP_BATTERY_STATUS:
         val->valueInt64 = getChargeStatus();
-        ret = NO_ERROR;
+        ret = OK;
         break;
 
     default:
@@ -477,10 +478,16 @@
 
         while ((entry = readdir(dir.get()))) {
             const char* name = entry->d_name;
+            std::vector<String8>::iterator itIgnoreName;
 
             if (!strcmp(name, ".") || !strcmp(name, ".."))
                 continue;
 
+            itIgnoreName = find(hc->ignorePowerSupplyNames.begin(),
+                                hc->ignorePowerSupplyNames.end(), String8(name));
+            if (itIgnoreName != hc->ignorePowerSupplyNames.end())
+                continue;
+
             // Look for "type" file in each subdirectory
             path.clear();
             path.appendFormat("%s/%s/type", POWER_SUPPLY_SYSFS_PATH, name);
diff --git a/healthd/android.hardware.health@2.0-service.rc b/healthd/android.hardware.health@2.0-service.rc
index dca0ccc..6960c5d 100644
--- a/healthd/android.hardware.health@2.0-service.rc
+++ b/healthd/android.hardware.health@2.0-service.rc
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@
     class hal
     user system
     group system
+    capabilities WAKE_ALARM
     file /dev/kmsg w
diff --git a/healthd/animation.h b/healthd/animation.h
index 562b689..f59fb38 100644
--- a/healthd/animation.h
+++ b/healthd/animation.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <string>
 
-struct GRSurface;
+class GRSurface;
 struct GRFont;
 
 namespace android {
diff --git a/healthd/include/healthd/healthd.h b/healthd/include/healthd/healthd.h
index c01e8d7..a900071 100644
--- a/healthd/include/healthd/healthd.h
+++ b/healthd/include/healthd/healthd.h
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@
 #include <utils/Errors.h>
 #include <utils/String8.h>
 
+#include <vector>
+
 // periodic_chores_interval_fast, periodic_chores_interval_slow: intervals at
 // which healthd wakes up to poll health state and perform periodic chores,
 // in units of seconds:
@@ -71,6 +73,7 @@
     int (*energyCounter)(int64_t *);
     int boot_min_cap;
     bool (*screen_on)(android::BatteryProperties *props);
+    std::vector<android::String8> ignorePowerSupplyNames;
 };
 
 enum EventWakeup {
diff --git a/init/Android.bp b/init/Android.bp
index a2c49d0..9f5d17d 100644
--- a/init/Android.bp
+++ b/init/Android.bp
@@ -68,17 +68,24 @@
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
+        "libbinder",
         "libbootloader_message",
         "libcutils",
+        "libcrypto",
         "libdl",
         "libext4_utils",
         "libfs_mgr",
+        "libfscrypt",
+        "libgsi",
         "libhidl-gen-utils",
         "libkeyutils",
         "liblog",
         "liblogwrap",
+        "liblp",
         "libselinux",
+        "libutils",
     ],
+    bootstrap: true,
 }
 
 cc_library_static {
@@ -89,6 +96,7 @@
         "action.cpp",
         "action_manager.cpp",
         "action_parser.cpp",
+        "boringssl_self_test.cpp",
         "bootchart.cpp",
         "builtins.cpp",
         "capabilities.cpp",
@@ -96,6 +104,7 @@
         "devices.cpp",
         "epoll.cpp",
         "firmware_handler.cpp",
+        "first_stage_init.cpp",
         "first_stage_mount.cpp",
         "import_parser.cpp",
         "init.cpp",
@@ -114,6 +123,7 @@
         "sigchld_handler.cpp",
         "subcontext.cpp",
         "subcontext.proto",
+        "switch_root.cpp",
         "rlimit_parser.cpp",
         "tokenizer.cpp",
         "uevent_listener.cpp",
@@ -127,6 +137,13 @@
         type: "lite",
         export_proto_headers: true,
     },
+
+    target: {
+        recovery: {
+            cflags: ["-DRECOVERY"],
+            exclude_shared_libs: ["libbinder", "libutils"],
+        },
+    },
 }
 
 cc_binary {
@@ -143,6 +160,12 @@
     ],
     srcs: ["main.cpp"],
     symlinks: ["ueventd"],
+    target: {
+        recovery: {
+            cflags: ["-DRECOVERY"],
+            exclude_shared_libs: ["libbinder", "libutils"],
+        },
+    },
 }
 
 // Tests
diff --git a/init/Android.mk b/init/Android.mk
index dc400ad..69c63e1 100644
--- a/init/Android.mk
+++ b/init/Android.mk
@@ -35,23 +35,26 @@
     -Wall -Wextra \
     -Wno-unused-parameter \
     -Werror \
-    -std=gnu++1z \
 
 # --
 
+# Do not build this even with mmma if we're system-as-root, otherwise it will overwrite the symlink.
+ifneq ($(BOARD_BUILD_SYSTEM_ROOT_IMAGE),true)
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 LOCAL_CPPFLAGS := $(init_cflags)
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
     devices.cpp \
+    first_stage_init.cpp \
+    first_stage_main.cpp \
     first_stage_mount.cpp \
-    init_first_stage.cpp \
     reboot_utils.cpp \
     selinux.cpp \
     switch_root.cpp \
     uevent_listener.cpp \
     util.cpp \
 
-LOCAL_MODULE := init
+LOCAL_MODULE := init_first_stage
+LOCAL_MODULE_STEM := init
 
 LOCAL_FORCE_STATIC_EXECUTABLE := true
 
@@ -61,17 +64,19 @@
 # Set up the same mount points on the ramdisk that system-as-root contains.
 LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD := \
     mkdir -p $(TARGET_RAMDISK_OUT)/dev \
-    mkdir -p $(TARGET_RAMDISK_OUT)/mnt \
-    mkdir -p $(TARGET_RAMDISK_OUT)/proc \
-    mkdir -p $(TARGET_RAMDISK_OUT)/sys \
+    $(TARGET_RAMDISK_OUT)/mnt \
+    $(TARGET_RAMDISK_OUT)/proc \
+    $(TARGET_RAMDISK_OUT)/sys \
 
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := \
+    libfs_avb \
     libfs_mgr \
     libfec \
     libfec_rs \
     libsquashfs_utils \
     liblogwrap \
     libext4_utils \
+    libfscrypt \
     libseccomp_policy \
     libcrypto_utils \
     libsparse \
@@ -86,9 +91,28 @@
     libz \
     libselinux \
     libcap \
-
-LOCAL_REQUIRED_MODULES := \
-    init_second_stage \
+    libgsi \
 
 LOCAL_SANITIZE := signed-integer-overflow
+# First stage init is weird: it may start without stdout/stderr, and no /proc.
+LOCAL_NOSANITIZE := hwaddress
 include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
+endif
+
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+
+LOCAL_MODULE := init_system
+LOCAL_REQUIRED_MODULES := \
+   init_second_stage \
+
+include $(BUILD_PHONY_PACKAGE)
+
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+
+LOCAL_MODULE := init_vendor
+ifneq ($(BOARD_BUILD_SYSTEM_ROOT_IMAGE),true)
+LOCAL_REQUIRED_MODULES := \
+   init_first_stage \
+
+endif
+include $(BUILD_PHONY_PACKAGE)
diff --git a/init/README.md b/init/README.md
index b45da21..3a7c71c 100644
--- a/init/README.md
+++ b/init/README.md
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@
 
 `critical`
 > This is a device-critical service. If it exits more than four times in
-  four minutes, the device will reboot into recovery mode.
+  four minutes, the device will reboot into bootloader.
 
 `disabled`
 > This service will not automatically start with its class.
@@ -213,7 +213,8 @@
 `interface <interface name> <instance name>`
 > Associates this service with a list of the HIDL services that it provides. The interface name
   must be a fully-qualified name and not a value name. This is used to allow hwservicemanager to
-  lazily start services.
+  lazily start services. When multiple interfaces are served, this tag should be used multiple
+  times.
   For example: interface vendor.foo.bar@1.0::IBaz default
 
 `ioprio <class> <priority>`
@@ -225,9 +226,25 @@
   keycodes are pressed at once, the service will start. This is typically used to start the
   bugreport service.
 
-`memcg.limit_in_bytes <value>`
-> Sets the child's memory.limit_in_bytes to the specified value (only if memcg is mounted),
-  which must be equal or greater than 0.
+> This option may take a property instead of a list of keycodes. In this case, only one option is
+  provided: the property name in the typical property expansion format. The property must contain
+  a comma separated list of keycode values or the text 'none' to indicate that
+  this service does not respond to keycodes.
+
+> For example, `keycodes ${some.property.name:-none}` where some.property.name expands
+  to "123,124,125". Since keycodes are handled very early in init,
+  only PRODUCT_DEFAULT_PROPERTY_OVERRIDES properties can be used.
+
+`memcg.limit_in_bytes <value>` and `memcg.limit_percent <value>`
+> Sets the child's memory.limit_in_bytes to the minimum of `limit_in_bytes`
+  bytes and `limit_percent` which is interpreted as a percentage of the size
+  of the device's physical memory (only if memcg is mounted).
+  Values must be equal or greater than 0.
+
+`memcg.limit_property <value>`
+> Sets the child's memory.limit_in_bytes to the value of the specified property
+  (only if memcg is mounted). This property will override the values specified
+  via `memcg.limit_in_bytes` and `memcg.limit_percent`.
 
 `memcg.soft_limit_in_bytes <value>`
 > Sets the child's memory.soft_limit_in_bytes to the specified value (only if memcg is mounted),
@@ -258,10 +275,21 @@
   since it has some peculiarities for backwards compatibility reasons. The 'imports' section of
   this file has more details on the order.
 
+`parse_apex_configs`
+  Parses config file(s) from the mounted APEXes. Intented to be used only once
+  when apexd notifies the mount event by setting apexd.status to ready.
+
 `priority <priority>`
 > Scheduling priority of the service process. This value has to be in range
   -20 to 19. Default priority is 0. Priority is set via setpriority().
 
+`restart_period <seconds>`
+> If a non-oneshot service exits, it will be restarted at its start time plus
+  this period. It defaults to 5s to rate limit crashing services.
+  This can be increased for services that are meant to run periodically. For
+  example, it may be set to 3600 to indicate that the service should run every hour
+  or 86400 to indicate that the service should run every day.
+
 `rlimit <resource> <cur> <max>`
 > This applies the given rlimit to the service. rlimits are inherited by child
   processes, so this effectively applies the given rlimit to the process tree
@@ -298,6 +326,19 @@
   seclabel or computed based on the service executable file security context.
   For native executables see libcutils android\_get\_control\_socket().
 
+`timeout_period <seconds>`
+> Provide a timeout after which point the service will be killed. The oneshot keyword is respected
+  here, so oneshot services do not automatically restart, however all other services will.
+  This is particularly useful for creating a periodic service combined with the restart_period
+  option described above.
+
+`updatable`
+> Mark that the service can be overridden (via the 'override' option) later in
+  the boot sequence by APEXes. When a service with updatable option is started
+  before APEXes are all activated, the execution is delayed until the activation
+  is finished. A service that is not marked as updatable cannot be overridden by
+  APEXes.
+
 `user <username>`
 > Change to 'username' before exec'ing this service.
   Currently defaults to root.  (??? probably should default to nobody)
@@ -441,9 +482,8 @@
   -f: force installation of the module even if the version of the running kernel
   and the version of the kernel for which the module was compiled do not match.
 
-`load_all_props`
-> Loads properties from /system, /vendor, et cetera.
-  This is included in the default init.rc.
+`load_system_props`
+> (This action is deprecated and no-op.)
 
 `load_persist_props`
 > Loads persistent properties when /data has been decrypted.
@@ -772,3 +812,42 @@
 SELinux would permit the operation, or if the UIDs and GIDs resolve.
 2) No checking if a service exists or has a valid SELinux domain defined
 3) No checking if a service has not been previously defined in a different init script.
+
+Early Init Boot Sequence
+------------------------
+The early init boot sequence is broken up into three stages: first stage init, SELinux setup, and
+second stage init.
+
+First stage init is responsible for setting up the bare minimum requirements to load the rest of the
+system. Specifically this includes mounting /dev, /proc, mounting 'early mount' partitions (which
+needs to include all partitions that contain system code, for example system and vendor), and moving
+the system.img mount to / for devices with a ramdisk.
+
+Note that in Android Q, system.img always contains TARGET_ROOT_OUT and always is mounted at / by the
+time first stage init finishes. Android Q will also require dynamic partitions and therefore will
+require using a ramdisk to boot Android. The recovery ramdisk can be used to boot to Android instead
+of a dedicated ramdisk as well.
+
+First stage init has three variations depending on the device configuration:
+1) For system-as-root devices, first stage init is part of /system/bin/init and a symlink at /init
+points to /system/bin/init for backwards compatibility. These devices do not need to do anything to
+mount system.img, since it is by definition already mounted as the rootfs by the kernel.
+
+2) For devices with a ramdisk, first stage init is a static executable located at /init. These
+devices mount system.img as /system then perform a switch root operation to move the mount at
+/system to /. The contents of the ramdisk are freed after mounting has completed.
+
+3) For devices that use recovery as a ramdisk, first stage init it contained within the shared init
+located at /init within the recovery ramdisk. These devices first switch root to
+/first_stage_ramdisk to remove the recovery components from the environment, then proceed the same
+as 2). Note that the decision to boot normally into Android instead of booting
+into recovery mode is made if androidboot.force_normal_boot=1 is present in the
+kernel commandline.
+
+Once first stage init finishes it execs /system/bin/init with the "selinux_setup" argument. This
+phase is where SELinux is optionally compiled and loaded onto the system. selinux.cpp contains more
+information on the specifics of this process.
+
+Lastly once that phase finishes, it execs /system/bin/init again with the "second_stage"
+argument. At this point the main phase of init runs and continues the boot process via the init.rc
+scripts.
diff --git a/init/action.cpp b/init/action.cpp
index 11335ca..94ccef2 100644
--- a/init/action.cpp
+++ b/init/action.cpp
@@ -44,9 +44,12 @@
     return function(builtin_arguments);
 }
 
-Command::Command(BuiltinFunction f, bool execute_in_subcontext,
-                 const std::vector<std::string>& args, int line)
-    : func_(std::move(f)), execute_in_subcontext_(execute_in_subcontext), args_(args), line_(line) {}
+Command::Command(BuiltinFunction f, bool execute_in_subcontext, std::vector<std::string>&& args,
+                 int line)
+    : func_(std::move(f)),
+      execute_in_subcontext_(execute_in_subcontext),
+      args_(std::move(args)),
+      line_(line) {}
 
 Result<Success> Command::InvokeFunc(Subcontext* subcontext) const {
     if (subcontext) {
@@ -80,7 +83,7 @@
 
 const KeywordFunctionMap* Action::function_map_ = nullptr;
 
-Result<Success> Action::AddCommand(const std::vector<std::string>& args, int line) {
+Result<Success> Action::AddCommand(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line) {
     if (!function_map_) {
         return Error() << "no function map available";
     }
@@ -88,12 +91,12 @@
     auto function = function_map_->FindFunction(args);
     if (!function) return Error() << function.error();
 
-    commands_.emplace_back(function->second, function->first, args, line);
+    commands_.emplace_back(function->second, function->first, std::move(args), line);
     return Success();
 }
 
-void Action::AddCommand(BuiltinFunction f, const std::vector<std::string>& args, int line) {
-    commands_.emplace_back(f, false, args, line);
+void Action::AddCommand(BuiltinFunction f, std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line) {
+    commands_.emplace_back(f, false, std::move(args), line);
 }
 
 std::size_t Action::NumCommands() const {
diff --git a/init/action.h b/init/action.h
index 4f063cc..967c682 100644
--- a/init/action.h
+++ b/init/action.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 
 class Command {
   public:
-    Command(BuiltinFunction f, bool execute_in_subcontext, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+    Command(BuiltinFunction f, bool execute_in_subcontext, std::vector<std::string>&& args,
             int line);
 
     Result<Success> InvokeFunc(Subcontext* subcontext) const;
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@
            const std::string& event_trigger,
            const std::map<std::string, std::string>& property_triggers);
 
-    Result<Success> AddCommand(const std::vector<std::string>& args, int line);
-    void AddCommand(BuiltinFunction f, const std::vector<std::string>& args, int line);
+    Result<Success> AddCommand(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line);
+    void AddCommand(BuiltinFunction f, std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line);
     std::size_t NumCommands() const;
     void ExecuteOneCommand(std::size_t command) const;
     void ExecuteAllCommands() const;
diff --git a/init/action_manager.cpp b/init/action_manager.cpp
index 22977bb..9de4085 100644
--- a/init/action_manager.cpp
+++ b/init/action_manager.cpp
@@ -47,9 +47,7 @@
 void ActionManager::QueueBuiltinAction(BuiltinFunction func, const std::string& name) {
     auto action = std::make_unique<Action>(true, nullptr, "<Builtin Action>", 0, name,
                                            std::map<std::string, std::string>{});
-    std::vector<std::string> name_vector{name};
-
-    action->AddCommand(func, name_vector, 0);
+    action->AddCommand(func, {name}, 0);
 
     event_queue_.emplace(action.get());
     actions_.emplace_back(std::move(action));
diff --git a/init/action_parser.cpp b/init/action_parser.cpp
index 1481162..4f8bd16 100644
--- a/init/action_parser.cpp
+++ b/init/action_parser.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,11 @@
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 
-#include "stable_properties.h"
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+#include "property_service.h"
+#else
+#include "host_init_stubs.h"
+#endif
 
 using android::base::GetBoolProperty;
 using android::base::StartsWith;
@@ -36,15 +40,19 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    if (kExportedActionableProperties.count(prop_name) == 1) {
-        return true;
-    }
+    static constexpr const char* kPartnerPrefixes[] = {
+            "init.svc.vendor.", "ro.vendor.",    "persist.vendor.",
+            "vendor.",          "init.svc.odm.", "ro.odm.",
+            "persist.odm.",     "odm.",          "ro.boot.",
+    };
+
     for (const auto& prefix : kPartnerPrefixes) {
         if (android::base::StartsWith(prop_name, prefix)) {
             return true;
         }
     }
-    return false;
+
+    return CanReadProperty(subcontext->context(), prop_name);
 }
 
 Result<Success> ParsePropertyTrigger(const std::string& trigger, Subcontext* subcontext,
diff --git a/init/boringssl_self_test.cpp b/init/boringssl_self_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0408d30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/boringssl_self_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "boringssl_self_test.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
+#include <openssl/crypto.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+Result<Success> StartBoringSslSelfTest(const BuiltinArguments&) {
+    pid_t id = fork();
+
+    if (id == 0) {
+        if (BORINGSSL_self_test() != 1) {
+            LOG(INFO) << "BoringSSL crypto self tests failed";
+
+            // This check has failed, so the device should refuse
+            // to boot. Rebooting to bootloader to wait for
+            // further action from the user.
+
+            int result = android_reboot(ANDROID_RB_RESTART2, 0,
+                                        "bootloader,boringssl-self-check-failed");
+            if (result != 0) {
+                LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to reboot into bootloader";
+            }
+        }
+
+        _exit(0);
+    } else if (id == -1) {
+        // Failed to fork, so cannot run the test. Refuse to continue.
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "Failed to fork for BoringSSL self test";
+    }
+
+    return Success();
+}
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h b/init/boringssl_self_test.h
similarity index 67%
copy from libbacktrace/GetPss.h
copy to init/boringssl_self_test.h
index 787c33d..b21fc78 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h
+++ b/init/boringssl_self_test.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,9 +14,15 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
-#define _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+#pragma once
 
-size_t GetPssBytes();
+#include "builtin_arguments.h"
+#include "result.h"
 
-#endif // _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+Result<Success> StartBoringSslSelfTest(const BuiltinArguments&);
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/builtins.cpp b/init/builtins.cpp
index 17d34e1..169edbe 100644
--- a/init/builtins.cpp
+++ b/init/builtins.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <fts.h>
+#include <glob.h>
 #include <linux/loop.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <mntent.h>
@@ -50,9 +51,10 @@
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <bootloader_message/bootloader_message.h>
 #include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
-#include <ext4_utils/ext4_crypt.h>
-#include <ext4_utils/ext4_crypt_init_extensions.h>
 #include <fs_mgr.h>
+#include <fscrypt/fscrypt.h>
+#include <fscrypt/fscrypt_init_extensions.h>
+#include <libgsi/libgsi.h>
 #include <selinux/android.h>
 #include <selinux/label.h>
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
@@ -99,6 +101,9 @@
 }
 
 static Result<Success> do_class_start(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
+    // Do not start a class if it has a property persist.dont_start_class.CLASS set to 1.
+    if (android::base::GetBoolProperty("persist.init.dont_start_class." + args[1], false))
+        return Success();
     // Starting a class does not start services which are explicitly disabled.
     // They must  be started individually.
     for (const auto& service : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
@@ -123,6 +128,9 @@
 }
 
 static Result<Success> do_class_restart(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
+    // Do not restart a class if it has a property persist.dont_start_class.CLASS set to 1.
+    if (android::base::GetBoolProperty("persist.init.dont_start_class." + args[1], false))
+        return Success();
     ForEachServiceInClass(args[1], &Service::Restart);
     return Success();
 }
@@ -307,8 +315,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    if (e4crypt_is_native()) {
-        if (e4crypt_set_directory_policy(args[1].c_str())) {
+    if (fscrypt_is_native()) {
+        if (fscrypt_set_directory_policy(args[1].c_str())) {
             return reboot_into_recovery(
                 {"--prompt_and_wipe_data", "--reason=set_policy_failed:"s + args[1]});
         }
@@ -472,9 +480,10 @@
         // Only needed if someone explicitly changes the default log level in their init.rc.
         android::base::ScopedLogSeverity info(android::base::INFO);
 
-        struct fstab* fstab = fs_mgr_read_fstab(fstabfile);
-        int child_ret = fs_mgr_mount_all(fstab, mount_mode);
-        fs_mgr_free_fstab(fstab);
+        Fstab fstab;
+        ReadFstabFromFile(fstabfile, &fstab);
+
+        int child_ret = fs_mgr_mount_all(&fstab, mount_mode);
         if (child_ret == -1) {
             PLOG(ERROR) << "fs_mgr_mount_all returned an error";
         }
@@ -512,13 +521,16 @@
         return Success();
     } else if (code == FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NEEDS_RECOVERY) {
         /* Setup a wipe via recovery, and reboot into recovery */
+        if (android::gsi::IsGsiRunning()) {
+            return Error() << "cannot wipe within GSI";
+        }
         PLOG(ERROR) << "fs_mgr_mount_all suggested recovery, so wiping data via recovery.";
         const std::vector<std::string> options = {"--wipe_data", "--reason=fs_mgr_mount_all" };
         return reboot_into_recovery(options);
         /* If reboot worked, there is no return. */
     } else if (code == FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_FILE_ENCRYPTED) {
-        if (e4crypt_install_keyring()) {
-            return Error() << "e4crypt_install_keyring() failed";
+        if (fscrypt_install_keyring()) {
+            return Error() << "fscrypt_install_keyring() failed";
         }
         property_set("ro.crypto.state", "encrypted");
         property_set("ro.crypto.type", "file");
@@ -528,8 +540,8 @@
         ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueEventTrigger("nonencrypted");
         return Success();
     } else if (code == FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_IS_METADATA_ENCRYPTED) {
-        if (e4crypt_install_keyring()) {
-            return Error() << "e4crypt_install_keyring() failed";
+        if (fscrypt_install_keyring()) {
+            return Error() << "fscrypt_install_keyring() failed";
         }
         property_set("ro.crypto.state", "encrypted");
         property_set("ro.crypto.type", "file");
@@ -539,8 +551,8 @@
         ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueEventTrigger("nonencrypted");
         return Success();
     } else if (code == FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NEEDS_METADATA_ENCRYPTION) {
-        if (e4crypt_install_keyring()) {
-            return Error() << "e4crypt_install_keyring() failed";
+        if (fscrypt_install_keyring()) {
+            return Error() << "fscrypt_install_keyring() failed";
         }
         property_set("ro.crypto.state", "encrypted");
         property_set("ro.crypto.type", "file");
@@ -611,14 +623,15 @@
 }
 
 static Result<Success> do_swapon_all(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
-    struct fstab *fstab;
-    int ret;
+    Fstab fstab;
+    if (!ReadFstabFromFile(args[1], &fstab)) {
+        return Error() << "Could not read fstab '" << args[1] << "'";
+    }
 
-    fstab = fs_mgr_read_fstab(args[1].c_str());
-    ret = fs_mgr_swapon_all(fstab);
-    fs_mgr_free_fstab(fstab);
+    if (!fs_mgr_swapon_all(fstab)) {
+        return Error() << "fs_mgr_swapon_all() failed";
+    }
 
-    if (ret != 0) return Error() << "fs_mgr_swapon_all() failed";
     return Success();
 }
 
@@ -732,13 +745,10 @@
     return Success();
 }
 
-static void verity_update_property(fstab_rec *fstab, const char *mount_point,
-                                   int mode, int status) {
-    property_set("partition."s + mount_point + ".verified", std::to_string(mode));
-}
-
 static Result<Success> do_verity_update_state(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
-    if (!fs_mgr_update_verity_state(verity_update_property)) {
+    if (!fs_mgr_update_verity_state([](const std::string& mount_point, int mode) {
+            property_set("partition." + mount_point + ".verified", std::to_string(mode));
+        })) {
         return Error() << "fs_mgr_update_verity_state() failed";
     }
     return Success();
@@ -966,7 +976,7 @@
 }
 
 static Result<Success> do_load_system_props(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
-    load_system_props();
+    LOG(INFO) << "deprecated action `load_system_props` called.";
     return Success();
 }
 
@@ -1016,9 +1026,14 @@
     }
     service->AddReapCallback([reboot_reason](const siginfo_t& siginfo) {
         if (siginfo.si_code != CLD_EXITED || siginfo.si_status != 0) {
-            if (e4crypt_is_native()) {
+            // TODO (b/122850122): support this in gsi
+            if (fscrypt_is_native() && !android::gsi::IsGsiRunning()) {
                 LOG(ERROR) << "Rebooting into recovery, reason: " << reboot_reason;
-                reboot_into_recovery({"--prompt_and_wipe_data", "--reason="s + reboot_reason});
+                if (auto result = reboot_into_recovery(
+                            {"--prompt_and_wipe_data", "--reason="s + reboot_reason});
+                    !result) {
+                    LOG(FATAL) << "Could not reboot into recovery: " << result.error();
+                }
             } else {
                 LOG(ERROR) << "Failure (reboot suppressed): " << reboot_reason;
             }
@@ -1034,7 +1049,7 @@
 static Result<Success> do_installkey(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
     if (!is_file_crypto()) return Success();
 
-    auto unencrypted_dir = args[1] + e4crypt_unencrypted_folder;
+    auto unencrypted_dir = args[1] + fscrypt_unencrypted_folder;
     if (!make_dir(unencrypted_dir, 0700) && errno != EEXIST) {
         return ErrnoError() << "Failed to create " << unencrypted_dir;
     }
@@ -1049,6 +1064,40 @@
         {{"exec", "/system/bin/vdc", "--wait", "cryptfs", "init_user0"}, args.context});
 }
 
+static Result<Success> do_parse_apex_configs(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
+    glob_t glob_result;
+    // @ is added to filter out the later paths, which are bind mounts of the places
+    // where the APEXes are really mounted at. Otherwise, we will parse the
+    // same file twice.
+    static constexpr char glob_pattern[] = "/apex/*@*/etc/*.rc";
+    const int ret = glob(glob_pattern, GLOB_MARK, nullptr, &glob_result);
+    if (ret != 0 && ret != GLOB_NOMATCH) {
+        globfree(&glob_result);
+        return Error() << "glob pattern '" << glob_pattern << "' failed";
+    }
+    std::vector<std::string> configs;
+    Parser parser = CreateServiceOnlyParser(ServiceList::GetInstance());
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < glob_result.gl_pathc; i++) {
+        configs.emplace_back(glob_result.gl_pathv[i]);
+    }
+    globfree(&glob_result);
+
+    bool success = true;
+    for (const auto& c : configs) {
+        if (c.back() == '/') {
+            // skip if directory
+            continue;
+        }
+        success &= parser.ParseConfigFile(c);
+    }
+    ServiceList::GetInstance().MarkServicesUpdate();
+    if (success) {
+        return Success();
+    } else {
+        return Error() << "Could not parse apex configs";
+    }
+}
+
 // Builtin-function-map start
 const BuiltinFunctionMap::Map& BuiltinFunctionMap::map() const {
     constexpr std::size_t kMax = std::numeric_limits<std::size_t>::max();
@@ -1086,6 +1135,7 @@
         // mount and umount are run in the same context as mount_all for symmetry.
         {"mount_all",               {1,     kMax, {false,  do_mount_all}}},
         {"mount",                   {3,     kMax, {false,  do_mount}}},
+        {"parse_apex_configs",      {0,     0,    {false,  do_parse_apex_configs}}},
         {"umount",                  {1,     1,    {false,  do_umount}}},
         {"readahead",               {1,     2,    {true,   do_readahead}}},
         {"restart",                 {1,     1,    {false,  do_restart}}},
diff --git a/init/devices.cpp b/init/devices.cpp
index 58c8b2e..1a77ba1 100644
--- a/init/devices.cpp
+++ b/init/devices.cpp
@@ -320,6 +320,7 @@
 
     auto link_path = "/dev/block/" + type + "/" + device;
 
+    bool is_boot_device = boot_devices_.find(device) != boot_devices_.end();
     if (!uevent.partition_name.empty()) {
         std::string partition_name_sanitized(uevent.partition_name);
         SanitizePartitionName(&partition_name_sanitized);
@@ -329,9 +330,13 @@
         }
         links.emplace_back(link_path + "/by-name/" + partition_name_sanitized);
         // Adds symlink: /dev/block/by-name/<partition_name>.
-        if (boot_devices_.find(device) != boot_devices_.end()) {
+        if (is_boot_device) {
             links.emplace_back("/dev/block/by-name/" + partition_name_sanitized);
         }
+    } else if (is_boot_device) {
+        // If we don't have a partition name but we are a partition on a boot device, create a
+        // symlink of /dev/block/by-name/<device_name> for symmetry.
+        links.emplace_back("/dev/block/by-name/" + uevent.device_name);
     }
 
     auto last_slash = uevent.path.rfind('/');
@@ -419,7 +424,7 @@
 }
 
 void DeviceHandler::ColdbootDone() {
-    skip_restorecon_ = true;
+    skip_restorecon_ = false;
 }
 
 DeviceHandler::DeviceHandler(std::vector<Permissions> dev_permissions,
diff --git a/init/devices_test.cpp b/init/devices_test.cpp
index d658f4d..3e7c1a8 100644
--- a/init/devices_test.cpp
+++ b/init/devices_test.cpp
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 
 #include "devices.h"
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include "util.h"
diff --git a/init/first_stage_init.cpp b/init/first_stage_init.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e11d897
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init/first_stage_init.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "first_stage_init.h"
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <paths.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
+#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+
+#include "first_stage_mount.h"
+#include "reboot_utils.h"
+#include "switch_root.h"
+#include "util.h"
+
+using android::base::boot_clock;
+
+using namespace std::literals;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
+
+namespace {
+
+void FreeRamdisk(DIR* dir, dev_t dev) {
+    int dfd = dirfd(dir);
+
+    dirent* de;
+    while ((de = readdir(dir)) != nullptr) {
+        if (de->d_name == "."s || de->d_name == ".."s) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        bool is_dir = false;
+
+        if (de->d_type == DT_DIR || de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
+            struct stat info;
+            if (fstatat(dfd, de->d_name, &info, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) != 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (info.st_dev != dev) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (S_ISDIR(info.st_mode)) {
+                is_dir = true;
+                auto fd = openat(dfd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
+                if (fd >= 0) {
+                    auto subdir =
+                            std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)>{fdopendir(fd), closedir};
+                    if (subdir) {
+                        FreeRamdisk(subdir.get(), dev);
+                    } else {
+                        close(fd);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        unlinkat(dfd, de->d_name, is_dir ? AT_REMOVEDIR : 0);
+    }
+}
+
+bool ForceNormalBoot() {
+    std::string cmdline;
+    android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/cmdline", &cmdline);
+    return cmdline.find("androidboot.force_normal_boot=1") != std::string::npos;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+int FirstStageMain(int argc, char** argv) {
+    if (REBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC) {
+        InstallRebootSignalHandlers();
+    }
+
+    boot_clock::time_point start_time = boot_clock::now();
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> errors;
+#define CHECKCALL(x) \
+    if (x != 0) errors.emplace_back(#x " failed", errno);
+
+    // Clear the umask.
+    umask(0);
+
+    CHECKCALL(clearenv());
+    CHECKCALL(setenv("PATH", _PATH_DEFPATH, 1));
+    // Get the basic filesystem setup we need put together in the initramdisk
+    // on / and then we'll let the rc file figure out the rest.
+    CHECKCALL(mount("tmpfs", "/dev", "tmpfs", MS_NOSUID, "mode=0755"));
+    CHECKCALL(mkdir("/dev/pts", 0755));
+    CHECKCALL(mkdir("/dev/socket", 0755));
+    CHECKCALL(mount("devpts", "/dev/pts", "devpts", 0, NULL));
+#define MAKE_STR(x) __STRING(x)
+    CHECKCALL(mount("proc", "/proc", "proc", 0, "hidepid=2,gid=" MAKE_STR(AID_READPROC)));
+#undef MAKE_STR
+    // Don't expose the raw commandline to unprivileged processes.
+    CHECKCALL(chmod("/proc/cmdline", 0440));
+    gid_t groups[] = {AID_READPROC};
+    CHECKCALL(setgroups(arraysize(groups), groups));
+    CHECKCALL(mount("sysfs", "/sys", "sysfs", 0, NULL));
+    CHECKCALL(mount("selinuxfs", "/sys/fs/selinux", "selinuxfs", 0, NULL));
+
+    CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/kmsg", S_IFCHR | 0600, makedev(1, 11)));
+
+    if constexpr (WORLD_WRITABLE_KMSG) {
+        CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/kmsg_debug", S_IFCHR | 0622, makedev(1, 11)));
+    }
+
+    CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/random", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 8)));
+    CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/urandom", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 9)));
+
+    // This is needed for log wrapper, which gets called before ueventd runs.
+    CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/ptmx", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(5, 2)));
+    CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/null", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 3)));
+
+    // These below mounts are done in first stage init so that first stage mount can mount
+    // subdirectories of /mnt/{vendor,product}/.  Other mounts, not required by first stage mount,
+    // should be done in rc files.
+    // Mount staging areas for devices managed by vold
+    // See storage config details at http://source.android.com/devices/storage/
+    CHECKCALL(mount("tmpfs", "/mnt", "tmpfs", MS_NOEXEC | MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV,
+                    "mode=0755,uid=0,gid=1000"));
+    // /mnt/vendor is used to mount vendor-specific partitions that can not be
+    // part of the vendor partition, e.g. because they are mounted read-write.
+    CHECKCALL(mkdir("/mnt/vendor", 0755));
+    // /mnt/product is used to mount product-specific partitions that can not be
+    // part of the product partition, e.g. because they are mounted read-write.
+    CHECKCALL(mkdir("/mnt/product", 0755));
+
+#undef CHECKCALL
+
+    // Now that tmpfs is mounted on /dev and we have /dev/kmsg, we can actually
+    // talk to the outside world...
+    // We need to set up stdin/stdout/stderr for child processes forked from first
+    // stage init as part of the mount process.  This closes /dev/console if the
+    // kernel had previously opened it.
+    auto reboot_bootloader = [](const char*) { RebootSystem(ANDROID_RB_RESTART2, "bootloader"); };
+    InitKernelLogging(argv, reboot_bootloader);
+
+    if (!errors.empty()) {
+        for (const auto& [error_string, error_errno] : errors) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << error_string << " " << strerror(error_errno);
+        }
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Init encountered errors starting first stage, aborting";
+    }
+
+    LOG(INFO) << "init first stage started!";
+
+    auto old_root_dir = std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)>{opendir("/"), closedir};
+    if (!old_root_dir) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not opendir(\"/\"), not freeing ramdisk";
+    }
+
+    struct stat old_root_info;
+    if (stat("/", &old_root_info) != 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not stat(\"/\"), not freeing ramdisk";
+        old_root_dir.reset();
+    }
+
+    if (ForceNormalBoot()) {
+        mkdir("/first_stage_ramdisk", 0755);
+        // SwitchRoot() must be called with a mount point as the target, so we bind mount the
+        // target directory to itself here.
+        if (mount("/first_stage_ramdisk", "/first_stage_ramdisk", nullptr, MS_BIND, nullptr) != 0) {
+            LOG(FATAL) << "Could not bind mount /first_stage_ramdisk to itself";
+        }
+        SwitchRoot("/first_stage_ramdisk");
+    }
+
+    if (!DoFirstStageMount()) {
+        LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to mount required partitions early ...";
+    }
+
+    struct stat new_root_info;
+    if (stat("/", &new_root_info) != 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not stat(\"/\"), not freeing ramdisk";
+        old_root_dir.reset();
+    }
+
+    if (old_root_dir && old_root_info.st_dev != new_root_info.st_dev) {
+        FreeRamdisk(old_root_dir.get(), old_root_info.st_dev);
+    }
+
+    SetInitAvbVersionInRecovery();
+
+    static constexpr uint32_t kNanosecondsPerMillisecond = 1e6;
+    uint64_t start_ms = start_time.time_since_epoch().count() / kNanosecondsPerMillisecond;
+    setenv("INIT_STARTED_AT", std::to_string(start_ms).c_str(), 1);
+
+    const char* path = "/system/bin/init";
+    const char* args[] = {path, "selinux_setup", nullptr};
+    execv(path, const_cast<char**>(args));
+
+    // execv() only returns if an error happened, in which case we
+    // panic and never fall through this conditional.
+    PLOG(FATAL) << "execv(\"" << path << "\") failed";
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h b/init/first_stage_init.h
similarity index 73%
copy from libbacktrace/GetPss.h
copy to init/first_stage_init.h
index 787c33d..0476e44 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h
+++ b/init/first_stage_init.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,9 +14,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
-#define _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+#pragma once
 
-size_t GetPssBytes();
+namespace android {
+namespace init {
 
-#endif // _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+int FirstStageMain(int argc, char** argv);
+
+}  // namespace init
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h b/init/first_stage_main.cpp
similarity index 75%
rename from libbacktrace/GetPss.h
rename to init/first_stage_main.cpp
index 787c33d..7bae84c 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h
+++ b/init/first_stage_main.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,9 +14,8 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
-#define _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+#include "first_stage_init.h"
 
-size_t GetPssBytes();
-
-#endif // _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    return android::init::FirstStageMain(argc, argv);
+}
diff --git a/init/first_stage_mount.cpp b/init/first_stage_mount.cpp
index fa3392e..affa39e 100644
--- a/init/first_stage_mount.cpp
+++ b/init/first_stage_mount.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "first_stage_mount.h"
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <chrono>
@@ -29,11 +30,12 @@
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <fs_avb/fs_avb.h>
 #include <fs_mgr.h>
-#include <fs_mgr_avb.h>
 #include <fs_mgr_dm_linear.h>
 #include <fs_mgr_overlayfs.h>
-#include <liblp/metadata_format.h>
+#include <libgsi/libgsi.h>
+#include <liblp/liblp.h>
 
 #include "devices.h"
 #include "switch_root.h"
@@ -41,7 +43,12 @@
 #include "uevent_listener.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
+using android::base::ReadFileToString;
+using android::base::Split;
 using android::base::Timer;
+using android::fs_mgr::AvbHandle;
+using android::fs_mgr::AvbHashtreeResult;
+using android::fs_mgr::AvbUniquePtr;
 
 using namespace std::literals;
 
@@ -52,7 +59,7 @@
 // ------------------
 class FirstStageMount {
   public:
-    FirstStageMount();
+    FirstStageMount(Fstab fstab);
     virtual ~FirstStageMount() = default;
 
     // The factory method to create either FirstStageMountVBootV1 or FirstStageMountVBootV2
@@ -66,110 +73,110 @@
     bool InitRequiredDevices();
     bool InitMappedDevice(const std::string& verity_device);
     bool CreateLogicalPartitions();
-    bool MountPartition(fstab_rec* fstab_rec);
+    bool MountPartition(FstabEntry* fstab_entry);
     bool MountPartitions();
-    bool GetBackingDmLinearDevices();
+    bool TrySwitchSystemAsRoot();
+    bool TrySkipMountingPartitions();
+    bool IsDmLinearEnabled();
+    bool GetDmLinearMetadataDevice();
+    bool InitDmLinearBackingDevices(const android::fs_mgr::LpMetadata& metadata);
+    void UseGsiIfPresent();
 
-    virtual ListenerAction UeventCallback(const Uevent& uevent);
+    ListenerAction UeventCallback(const Uevent& uevent);
 
     // Pure virtual functions.
     virtual bool GetDmVerityDevices() = 0;
-    virtual bool SetUpDmVerity(fstab_rec* fstab_rec) = 0;
+    virtual bool SetUpDmVerity(FstabEntry* fstab_entry) = 0;
 
     bool need_dm_verity_;
 
-    std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> device_tree_fstab_;
+    Fstab fstab_;
     std::string lp_metadata_partition_;
-    std::vector<fstab_rec*> mount_fstab_recs_;
     std::set<std::string> required_devices_partition_names_;
+    std::string super_partition_name_;
     std::unique_ptr<DeviceHandler> device_handler_;
     UeventListener uevent_listener_;
 };
 
 class FirstStageMountVBootV1 : public FirstStageMount {
   public:
-    FirstStageMountVBootV1() = default;
+    FirstStageMountVBootV1(Fstab fstab) : FirstStageMount(std::move(fstab)) {}
     ~FirstStageMountVBootV1() override = default;
 
   protected:
     bool GetDmVerityDevices() override;
-    bool SetUpDmVerity(fstab_rec* fstab_rec) override;
+    bool SetUpDmVerity(FstabEntry* fstab_entry) override;
 };
 
 class FirstStageMountVBootV2 : public FirstStageMount {
   public:
     friend void SetInitAvbVersionInRecovery();
 
-    FirstStageMountVBootV2();
+    FirstStageMountVBootV2(Fstab fstab);
     ~FirstStageMountVBootV2() override = default;
 
   protected:
-    ListenerAction UeventCallback(const Uevent& uevent) override;
     bool GetDmVerityDevices() override;
-    bool SetUpDmVerity(fstab_rec* fstab_rec) override;
+    bool SetUpDmVerity(FstabEntry* fstab_entry) override;
     bool InitAvbHandle();
 
-    std::string device_tree_vbmeta_parts_;
-    FsManagerAvbUniquePtr avb_handle_;
-    ByNameSymlinkMap by_name_symlink_map_;
+    std::vector<std::string> vbmeta_partitions_;
+    AvbUniquePtr avb_handle_;
 };
 
 // Static Functions
 // ----------------
-static inline bool IsDtVbmetaCompatible() {
+static inline bool IsDtVbmetaCompatible(const Fstab& fstab) {
+    if (std::any_of(fstab.begin(), fstab.end(),
+                    [](const auto& entry) { return entry.fs_mgr_flags.avb; })) {
+        return true;
+    }
     return is_android_dt_value_expected("vbmeta/compatible", "android,vbmeta");
 }
 
-static bool inline IsRecoveryMode() {
+static bool IsRecoveryMode() {
     return access("/system/bin/recovery", F_OK) == 0;
 }
 
-static inline bool IsDmLinearEnabled() {
-    static bool checked = false;
-    static bool enabled = false;
-    if (checked) {
-        return enabled;
+static Fstab ReadFirstStageFstab() {
+    Fstab fstab;
+    if (!ReadFstabFromDt(&fstab)) {
+        if (ReadDefaultFstab(&fstab)) {
+            fstab.erase(std::remove_if(fstab.begin(), fstab.end(),
+                                       [](const auto& entry) {
+                                           return !entry.fs_mgr_flags.first_stage_mount;
+                                       }),
+                        fstab.end());
+        } else {
+            LOG(INFO) << "Failed to fstab for first stage mount";
+        }
     }
-    import_kernel_cmdline(false,
-                          [](const std::string& key, const std::string& value, bool in_qemu) {
-                              if (key == "androidboot.logical_partitions" && value == "1") {
-                                  enabled = true;
-                              }
-                          });
-    checked = true;
-    return enabled;
+    return fstab;
 }
 
 // Class Definitions
 // -----------------
-FirstStageMount::FirstStageMount()
-    : need_dm_verity_(false), device_tree_fstab_(fs_mgr_read_fstab_dt(), fs_mgr_free_fstab) {
-    if (device_tree_fstab_) {
-        // Stores device_tree_fstab_->recs[] into mount_fstab_recs_ (vector<fstab_rec*>)
-        // for easier manipulation later, e.g., range-base for loop.
-        for (int i = 0; i < device_tree_fstab_->num_entries; i++) {
-            mount_fstab_recs_.push_back(&device_tree_fstab_->recs[i]);
-        }
-    } else {
-        LOG(INFO) << "Failed to read fstab from device tree";
-    }
-
+FirstStageMount::FirstStageMount(Fstab fstab)
+    : need_dm_verity_(false), fstab_(std::move(fstab)), uevent_listener_(16 * 1024 * 1024) {
     auto boot_devices = fs_mgr_get_boot_devices();
     device_handler_ = std::make_unique<DeviceHandler>(
             std::vector<Permissions>{}, std::vector<SysfsPermissions>{}, std::vector<Subsystem>{},
             std::move(boot_devices), false);
+
+    super_partition_name_ = fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name();
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<FirstStageMount> FirstStageMount::Create() {
-    if (IsDtVbmetaCompatible()) {
-        return std::make_unique<FirstStageMountVBootV2>();
+    auto fstab = ReadFirstStageFstab();
+    if (IsDtVbmetaCompatible(fstab)) {
+        return std::make_unique<FirstStageMountVBootV2>(std::move(fstab));
     } else {
-        return std::make_unique<FirstStageMountVBootV1>();
+        return std::make_unique<FirstStageMountVBootV1>(std::move(fstab));
     }
 }
 
 bool FirstStageMount::DoFirstStageMount() {
-    if (!IsDmLinearEnabled() && mount_fstab_recs_.empty()) {
+    if (!IsDmLinearEnabled() && fstab_.empty()) {
         // Nothing to mount.
         LOG(INFO) << "First stage mount skipped (missing/incompatible/empty fstab in device tree)";
         return true;
@@ -185,16 +192,25 @@
 }
 
 bool FirstStageMount::InitDevices() {
-    return GetBackingDmLinearDevices() && GetDmVerityDevices() && InitRequiredDevices();
+    return GetDmLinearMetadataDevice() && GetDmVerityDevices() && InitRequiredDevices();
 }
 
-bool FirstStageMount::GetBackingDmLinearDevices() {
+bool FirstStageMount::IsDmLinearEnabled() {
+    for (const auto& entry : fstab_) {
+        if (entry.fs_mgr_flags.logical) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool FirstStageMount::GetDmLinearMetadataDevice() {
     // Add any additional devices required for dm-linear mappings.
     if (!IsDmLinearEnabled()) {
         return true;
     }
 
-    required_devices_partition_names_.emplace(LP_METADATA_PARTITION_NAME);
+    required_devices_partition_names_.emplace(super_partition_name_);
+    // When booting from live GSI images, userdata is the super device.
+    required_devices_partition_names_.emplace("userdata");
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -253,17 +269,49 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+bool FirstStageMount::InitDmLinearBackingDevices(const android::fs_mgr::LpMetadata& metadata) {
+    auto partition_names = android::fs_mgr::GetBlockDevicePartitionNames(metadata);
+    for (const auto& partition_name : partition_names) {
+        const auto super_device = android::fs_mgr::GetMetadataSuperBlockDevice(metadata);
+        if (partition_name == android::fs_mgr::GetBlockDevicePartitionName(*super_device)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        required_devices_partition_names_.emplace(partition_name);
+    }
+    if (required_devices_partition_names_.empty()) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    auto uevent_callback = [this](const Uevent& uevent) { return UeventCallback(uevent); };
+    uevent_listener_.RegenerateUevents(uevent_callback);
+
+    if (!required_devices_partition_names_.empty()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << ": partition(s) not found after polling timeout: "
+                   << android::base::Join(required_devices_partition_names_, ", ");
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 bool FirstStageMount::CreateLogicalPartitions() {
     if (!IsDmLinearEnabled()) {
         return true;
     }
-
     if (lp_metadata_partition_.empty()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Could not locate logical partition tables in partition "
-                   << LP_METADATA_PARTITION_NAME;
+                   << super_partition_name_;
         return false;
     }
-    return android::fs_mgr::CreateLogicalPartitions(lp_metadata_partition_);
+
+    auto metadata = android::fs_mgr::ReadCurrentMetadata(lp_metadata_partition_);
+    if (!metadata) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not read logical partition metadata from " << lp_metadata_partition_;
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!InitDmLinearBackingDevices(*metadata.get())) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return android::fs_mgr::CreateLogicalPartitions(*metadata.get(), lp_metadata_partition_);
 }
 
 ListenerAction FirstStageMount::HandleBlockDevice(const std::string& name, const Uevent& uevent) {
@@ -273,7 +321,7 @@
     auto iter = required_devices_partition_names_.find(name);
     if (iter != required_devices_partition_names_.end()) {
         LOG(VERBOSE) << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << ": found partition: " << *iter;
-        if (IsDmLinearEnabled() && name == LP_METADATA_PARTITION_NAME) {
+        if (IsDmLinearEnabled() && name == super_partition_name_) {
             std::vector<std::string> links = device_handler_->GetBlockDeviceSymlinks(uevent);
             lp_metadata_partition_ = links[0];
         }
@@ -337,77 +385,205 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool FirstStageMount::MountPartition(fstab_rec* fstab_rec) {
-    if (fs_mgr_is_logical(fstab_rec)) {
-        if (!fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(fstab_rec)) {
+bool FirstStageMount::MountPartition(FstabEntry* fstab_entry) {
+    if (fstab_entry->fs_mgr_flags.logical) {
+        if (!fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(fstab_entry)) {
             return false;
         }
-        if (!InitMappedDevice(fstab_rec->blk_device)) {
+        if (!InitMappedDevice(fstab_entry->blk_device)) {
             return false;
         }
     }
-    if (!SetUpDmVerity(fstab_rec)) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to setup verity for '" << fstab_rec->mount_point << "'";
+    if (!SetUpDmVerity(fstab_entry)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to setup verity for '" << fstab_entry->mount_point << "'";
         return false;
     }
-    if (fs_mgr_do_mount_one(fstab_rec)) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to mount '" << fstab_rec->mount_point << "'";
+    if (fs_mgr_do_mount_one(*fstab_entry)) {
+        if (fstab_entry->fs_mgr_flags.formattable) {
+            PLOG(INFO) << "Failed to mount '" << fstab_entry->mount_point << "', "
+                       << "ignoring mount for formattable partition";
+            return true;
+        }
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to mount '" << fstab_entry->mount_point << "'";
         return false;
     }
     return true;
 }
 
-bool FirstStageMount::MountPartitions() {
-    // If system is in the fstab then we're not a system-as-root device, and in
-    // this case, we mount system first then pivot to it.  From that point on,
-    // we are effectively identical to a system-as-root device.
-    auto system_partition =
-            std::find_if(mount_fstab_recs_.begin(), mount_fstab_recs_.end(),
-                         [](const auto& rec) { return rec->mount_point == "/system"s; });
-    if (system_partition != mount_fstab_recs_.end()) {
-        if (!MountPartition(*system_partition)) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        SwitchRoot("/system");
-
-        mount_fstab_recs_.erase(system_partition);
-    }
-
-    for (auto fstab_rec : mount_fstab_recs_) {
-        if (!MountPartition(fstab_rec) && !fs_mgr_is_nofail(fstab_rec)) {
-            return false;
+// If system is in the fstab then we're not a system-as-root device, and in
+// this case, we mount system first then pivot to it.  From that point on,
+// we are effectively identical to a system-as-root device.
+bool FirstStageMount::TrySwitchSystemAsRoot() {
+    auto metadata_partition = std::find_if(fstab_.begin(), fstab_.end(), [](const auto& entry) {
+        return entry.mount_point == "/metadata";
+    });
+    if (metadata_partition != fstab_.end()) {
+        if (MountPartition(&(*metadata_partition))) {
+            fstab_.erase(metadata_partition);
+            UseGsiIfPresent();
         }
     }
 
-    fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all();
+    auto system_partition = std::find_if(fstab_.begin(), fstab_.end(), [](const auto& entry) {
+        return entry.mount_point == "/system";
+    });
+
+    if (system_partition == fstab_.end()) return true;
+
+    bool mounted = false;
+    bool no_fail = false;
+    for (auto it = system_partition; it != fstab_.end();) {
+        if (it->mount_point != "/system") {
+            break;
+        }
+        no_fail |= (it->fs_mgr_flags).no_fail;
+        if (MountPartition(&(*it))) {
+            mounted = true;
+            SwitchRoot("/system");
+            break;
+        }
+        it++;
+    }
+
+    if (!mounted && !no_fail) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to mount /system";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto it = std::remove_if(fstab_.begin(), fstab_.end(),
+                             [](const auto& entry) { return entry.mount_point == "/system"; });
+    fstab_.erase(it, fstab_.end());
 
     return true;
 }
 
+// For GSI to skip mounting /product and /product_services, until there are
+// well-defined interfaces between them and /system. Otherwise, the GSI flashed
+// on /system might not be able to work with /product and /product_services.
+// When they're skipped here, /system/product and /system/product_services in
+// GSI will be used.
+bool FirstStageMount::TrySkipMountingPartitions() {
+    constexpr const char kSkipMountConfig[] = "/system/etc/init/config/skip_mount.cfg";
+
+    std::string skip_config;
+    if (!ReadFileToString(kSkipMountConfig, &skip_config)) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& skip_mount_point : Split(skip_config, "\n")) {
+        if (skip_mount_point.empty()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        auto it = std::remove_if(fstab_.begin(), fstab_.end(),
+                                 [&skip_mount_point](const auto& entry) {
+                                     return entry.mount_point == skip_mount_point;
+                                 });
+        fstab_.erase(it, fstab_.end());
+        LOG(INFO) << "Skip mounting partition: " << skip_mount_point;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool FirstStageMount::MountPartitions() {
+    if (!TrySwitchSystemAsRoot()) return false;
+
+    if (!TrySkipMountingPartitions()) return false;
+
+    for (auto it = fstab_.begin(); it != fstab_.end();) {
+        bool mounted = false;
+        bool no_fail = false;
+        auto start_mount_point = it->mount_point;
+        do {
+            no_fail |= (it->fs_mgr_flags).no_fail;
+            if (!mounted)
+                mounted = MountPartition(&(*it));
+            else
+                LOG(INFO) << "Skip already-mounted partition: " << start_mount_point;
+            it++;
+        } while (it != fstab_.end() && it->mount_point == start_mount_point);
+
+        if (!mounted && !no_fail) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << start_mount_point << " mounted unsuccessfully but it is required!";
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // heads up for instantiating required device(s) for overlayfs logic
+    const auto devices = fs_mgr_overlayfs_required_devices(&fstab_);
+    for (auto const& device : devices) {
+        if (android::base::StartsWith(device, "/dev/block/by-name/")) {
+            required_devices_partition_names_.emplace(basename(device.c_str()));
+            auto uevent_callback = [this](const Uevent& uevent) { return UeventCallback(uevent); };
+            uevent_listener_.RegenerateUevents(uevent_callback);
+            uevent_listener_.Poll(uevent_callback, 10s);
+        } else {
+            InitMappedDevice(device);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all(&fstab_);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void FirstStageMount::UseGsiIfPresent() {
+    std::string metadata_file, error;
+
+    if (!android::gsi::CanBootIntoGsi(&metadata_file, &error)) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "GSI " << error << ", proceeding with normal boot";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto metadata = android::fs_mgr::ReadFromImageFile(metadata_file.c_str());
+    if (!metadata) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "GSI partition layout could not be read";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!android::fs_mgr::CreateLogicalPartitions(*metadata.get(), "/dev/block/by-name/userdata")) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "GSI partition layout could not be instantiated";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!android::gsi::MarkSystemAsGsi()) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "GSI indicator file could not be written";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Replace the existing system fstab entry.
+    auto system_partition = std::find_if(fstab_.begin(), fstab_.end(), [](const auto& entry) {
+        return entry.mount_point == "/system";
+    });
+    if (system_partition != fstab_.end()) {
+        fstab_.erase(system_partition);
+    }
+    fstab_.emplace_back(BuildGsiSystemFstabEntry());
+}
+
 bool FirstStageMountVBootV1::GetDmVerityDevices() {
     std::string verity_loc_device;
     need_dm_verity_ = false;
 
-    for (auto fstab_rec : mount_fstab_recs_) {
+    for (const auto& fstab_entry : fstab_) {
         // Don't allow verifyatboot in the first stage.
-        if (fs_mgr_is_verifyatboot(fstab_rec)) {
+        if (fstab_entry.fs_mgr_flags.verify_at_boot) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Partitions can't be verified at boot";
             return false;
         }
         // Checks for verified partitions.
-        if (fs_mgr_is_verified(fstab_rec)) {
+        if (fstab_entry.fs_mgr_flags.verify) {
             need_dm_verity_ = true;
         }
         // Checks if verity metadata is on a separate partition. Note that it is
         // not partition specific, so there must be only one additional partition
         // that carries verity state.
-        if (fstab_rec->verity_loc) {
+        if (!fstab_entry.verity_loc.empty()) {
             if (verity_loc_device.empty()) {
-                verity_loc_device = fstab_rec->verity_loc;
-            } else if (verity_loc_device != fstab_rec->verity_loc) {
+                verity_loc_device = fstab_entry.verity_loc;
+            } else if (verity_loc_device != fstab_entry.verity_loc) {
                 LOG(ERROR) << "More than one verity_loc found: " << verity_loc_device << ", "
-                           << fstab_rec->verity_loc;
+                           << fstab_entry.verity_loc;
                 return false;
             }
         }
@@ -415,8 +591,10 @@
 
     // Includes the partition names of fstab records and verity_loc_device (if any).
     // Notes that fstab_rec->blk_device has A/B suffix updated by fs_mgr when A/B is used.
-    for (auto fstab_rec : mount_fstab_recs_) {
-        required_devices_partition_names_.emplace(basename(fstab_rec->blk_device));
+    for (const auto& fstab_entry : fstab_) {
+        if (!fstab_entry.fs_mgr_flags.logical) {
+            required_devices_partition_names_.emplace(basename(fstab_entry.blk_device.c_str()));
+        }
     }
 
     if (!verity_loc_device.empty()) {
@@ -426,19 +604,19 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-bool FirstStageMountVBootV1::SetUpDmVerity(fstab_rec* fstab_rec) {
-    if (fs_mgr_is_verified(fstab_rec)) {
-        int ret = fs_mgr_setup_verity(fstab_rec, false /* wait_for_verity_dev */);
+bool FirstStageMountVBootV1::SetUpDmVerity(FstabEntry* fstab_entry) {
+    if (fstab_entry->fs_mgr_flags.verify) {
+        int ret = fs_mgr_setup_verity(fstab_entry, false /* wait_for_verity_dev */);
         switch (ret) {
             case FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_SKIPPED:
             case FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_DISABLED:
-                LOG(INFO) << "Verity disabled/skipped for '" << fstab_rec->mount_point << "'";
+                LOG(INFO) << "Verity disabled/skipped for '" << fstab_entry->mount_point << "'";
                 return true;
             case FS_MGR_SETUP_VERITY_SUCCESS:
                 // The exact block device name (fstab_rec->blk_device) is changed to
                 // "/dev/block/dm-XX". Needs to create it because ueventd isn't started in init
                 // first stage.
-                return InitMappedDevice(fstab_rec->blk_device);
+                return InitMappedDevice(fstab_entry->blk_device);
             default:
                 return false;
         }
@@ -446,22 +624,27 @@
     return true;  // Returns true to mount the partition.
 }
 
-// FirstStageMountVBootV2 constructor.
-// Gets the vbmeta partitions from device tree.
-// /{
-//     firmware {
-//         android {
-//             vbmeta {
-//                 compatible = "android,vbmeta";
-//                 parts = "vbmeta,boot,system,vendor"
-//             };
-//         };
-//     };
-//  }
-FirstStageMountVBootV2::FirstStageMountVBootV2() : avb_handle_(nullptr) {
-    if (!read_android_dt_file("vbmeta/parts", &device_tree_vbmeta_parts_)) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read vbmeta/parts from device tree";
-        return;
+// First retrieve any vbmeta partitions from device tree (legacy) then read through the fstab
+// for any further vbmeta partitions.
+FirstStageMountVBootV2::FirstStageMountVBootV2(Fstab fstab)
+    : FirstStageMount(std::move(fstab)), avb_handle_(nullptr) {
+    std::string device_tree_vbmeta_parts;
+    read_android_dt_file("vbmeta/parts", &device_tree_vbmeta_parts);
+
+    for (auto&& partition : Split(device_tree_vbmeta_parts, ",")) {
+        if (!partition.empty()) {
+            vbmeta_partitions_.emplace_back(std::move(partition));
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (const auto& entry : fstab_) {
+        if (!entry.vbmeta_partition.empty()) {
+            vbmeta_partitions_.emplace_back(entry.vbmeta_partition);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (vbmeta_partitions_.empty()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read vbmeta partitions.";
     }
 }
 
@@ -471,30 +654,27 @@
     std::set<std::string> logical_partitions;
 
     // fstab_rec->blk_device has A/B suffix.
-    for (auto fstab_rec : mount_fstab_recs_) {
-        if (fs_mgr_is_avb(fstab_rec)) {
+    for (const auto& fstab_entry : fstab_) {
+        if (fstab_entry.fs_mgr_flags.avb) {
             need_dm_verity_ = true;
         }
-        if (fs_mgr_is_logical(fstab_rec)) {
+        if (fstab_entry.fs_mgr_flags.logical) {
             // Don't try to find logical partitions via uevent regeneration.
-            logical_partitions.emplace(basename(fstab_rec->blk_device));
+            logical_partitions.emplace(basename(fstab_entry.blk_device.c_str()));
         } else {
-            required_devices_partition_names_.emplace(basename(fstab_rec->blk_device));
+            required_devices_partition_names_.emplace(basename(fstab_entry.blk_device.c_str()));
         }
     }
 
-    // libavb verifies AVB metadata on all verified partitions at once.
-    // e.g., The device_tree_vbmeta_parts_ will be "vbmeta,boot,system,vendor"
-    // for libavb to verify metadata, even if there is only /vendor in the
-    // above mount_fstab_recs_.
+    // Any partitions needed for verifying the partitions used in first stage mount, e.g. vbmeta
+    // must be provided as vbmeta_partitions.
     if (need_dm_verity_) {
-        if (device_tree_vbmeta_parts_.empty()) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Missing vbmeta parts in device tree";
+        if (vbmeta_partitions_.empty()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Missing vbmeta partitions";
             return false;
         }
-        std::vector<std::string> partitions = android::base::Split(device_tree_vbmeta_parts_, ",");
         std::string ab_suffix = fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix();
-        for (const auto& partition : partitions) {
+        for (const auto& partition : vbmeta_partitions_) {
             std::string partition_name = partition + ab_suffix;
             if (logical_partitions.count(partition_name)) {
                 continue;
@@ -509,46 +689,19 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-ListenerAction FirstStageMountVBootV2::UeventCallback(const Uevent& uevent) {
-    // Check if this uevent corresponds to one of the required partitions and store its symlinks if
-    // so, in order to create FsManagerAvbHandle later.
-    // Note that the parent callback removes partitions from the list of required partitions
-    // as it finds them, so this must happen first.
-    if (!uevent.partition_name.empty() &&
-        required_devices_partition_names_.find(uevent.partition_name) !=
-                required_devices_partition_names_.end()) {
-        // GetBlockDeviceSymlinks() will return three symlinks at most, depending on
-        // the content of uevent. by-name symlink will be at [0] if uevent->partition_name
-        // is not empty. e.g.,
-        //   - /dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/by-name/modem
-        //   - /dev/block/platform/soc.0/f9824900.sdhci/mmcblk0p1
-        std::vector<std::string> links = device_handler_->GetBlockDeviceSymlinks(uevent);
-        if (!links.empty()) {
-            auto [it, inserted] = by_name_symlink_map_.emplace(uevent.partition_name, links[0]);
-            if (!inserted) {
-                LOG(ERROR) << "Partition '" << uevent.partition_name
-                           << "' already existed in the by-name symlink map with a value of '"
-                           << it->second << "', new value '" << links[0] << "' will be ignored.";
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return FirstStageMount::UeventCallback(uevent);
-}
-
-bool FirstStageMountVBootV2::SetUpDmVerity(fstab_rec* fstab_rec) {
-    if (fs_mgr_is_avb(fstab_rec)) {
+bool FirstStageMountVBootV2::SetUpDmVerity(FstabEntry* fstab_entry) {
+    if (fstab_entry->fs_mgr_flags.avb) {
         if (!InitAvbHandle()) return false;
-        SetUpAvbHashtreeResult hashtree_result =
-                avb_handle_->SetUpAvbHashtree(fstab_rec, false /* wait_for_verity_dev */);
+        AvbHashtreeResult hashtree_result =
+                avb_handle_->SetUpAvbHashtree(fstab_entry, false /* wait_for_verity_dev */);
         switch (hashtree_result) {
-            case SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kDisabled:
+            case AvbHashtreeResult::kDisabled:
                 return true;  // Returns true to mount the partition.
-            case SetUpAvbHashtreeResult::kSuccess:
+            case AvbHashtreeResult::kSuccess:
                 // The exact block device name (fstab_rec->blk_device) is changed to
                 // "/dev/block/dm-XX". Needs to create it because ueventd isn't started in init
                 // first stage.
-                return InitMappedDevice(fstab_rec->blk_device);
+                return InitMappedDevice(fstab_entry->blk_device);
             default:
                 return false;
         }
@@ -559,16 +712,10 @@
 bool FirstStageMountVBootV2::InitAvbHandle() {
     if (avb_handle_) return true;  // Returns true if the handle is already initialized.
 
-    if (by_name_symlink_map_.empty()) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "by_name_symlink_map_ is empty";
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    avb_handle_ = FsManagerAvbHandle::Open(std::move(by_name_symlink_map_));
-    by_name_symlink_map_.clear();  // Removes all elements after the above std::move().
+    avb_handle_ = AvbHandle::Open();
 
     if (!avb_handle_) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open FsManagerAvbHandle";
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open AvbHandle";
         return false;
     }
     // Sets INIT_AVB_VERSION here for init to set ro.boot.avb_version in the second stage.
@@ -600,26 +747,27 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!IsDtVbmetaCompatible()) {
+    auto fstab = ReadFirstStageFstab();
+
+    if (!IsDtVbmetaCompatible(fstab)) {
         LOG(INFO) << "Skipped setting INIT_AVB_VERSION (not vbmeta compatible)";
         return;
     }
 
-    // Initializes required devices for the subsequent FsManagerAvbHandle::Open()
+    // Initializes required devices for the subsequent AvbHandle::Open()
     // to verify AVB metadata on all partitions in the verified chain.
     // We only set INIT_AVB_VERSION when the AVB verification succeeds, i.e., the
     // Open() function returns a valid handle.
     // We don't need to mount partitions here in recovery mode.
-    FirstStageMountVBootV2 avb_first_mount;
+    FirstStageMountVBootV2 avb_first_mount(std::move(fstab));
     if (!avb_first_mount.InitDevices()) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to init devices for INIT_AVB_VERSION";
         return;
     }
 
-    FsManagerAvbUniquePtr avb_handle =
-            FsManagerAvbHandle::Open(std::move(avb_first_mount.by_name_symlink_map_));
+    AvbUniquePtr avb_handle = AvbHandle::Open();
     if (!avb_handle) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open FsManagerAvbHandle for INIT_AVB_VERSION";
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open AvbHandle for INIT_AVB_VERSION";
         return;
     }
     setenv("INIT_AVB_VERSION", avb_handle->avb_version().c_str(), 1);
diff --git a/init/grab-bootchart.sh b/init/grab-bootchart.sh
index c4ff6df..2c56698 100755
--- a/init/grab-bootchart.sh
+++ b/init/grab-bootchart.sh
@@ -17,6 +17,6 @@
     adb "${@}" pull $LOGROOT/$f $TMPDIR/$f 2>&1 > /dev/null
 done
 (cd $TMPDIR && tar -czf $TARBALL $FILES)
-bootchart ${TMPDIR}/${TARBALL}
-gnome-open ${TARBALL%.tgz}.png
+pybootchartgui ${TMPDIR}/${TARBALL}
+xdg-open ${TARBALL%.tgz}.png
 echo "Clean up ${TMPDIR}/ and ./${TARBALL%.tgz}.png when done"
diff --git a/init/host_init_stubs.cpp b/init/host_init_stubs.cpp
index 8866bdc..b85e54a 100644
--- a/init/host_init_stubs.cpp
+++ b/init/host_init_stubs.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@
 std::string default_console = "/dev/console";
 
 // property_service.h
+bool CanReadProperty(const std::string& source_context, const std::string& name) {
+    return true;
+}
 uint32_t SetProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& value) {
     android::base::SetProperty(key, value);
     return 0;
diff --git a/init/host_init_stubs.h b/init/host_init_stubs.h
index 0af11f6..63ceead 100644
--- a/init/host_init_stubs.h
+++ b/init/host_init_stubs.h
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
 extern std::string default_console;
 
 // property_service.h
+bool CanReadProperty(const std::string& source_context, const std::string& name);
 extern uint32_t (*property_set)(const std::string& name, const std::string& value);
 uint32_t HandlePropertySet(const std::string& name, const std::string& value,
                            const std::string& source_context, const ucred& cr, std::string* error);
diff --git a/init/init.cpp b/init/init.cpp
index 16564f4..d360fdd 100644
--- a/init/init.cpp
+++ b/init/init.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <pthread.h>
+#include <seccomp_policy.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -38,10 +39,17 @@
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
+#include <fs_mgr_vendor_overlay.h>
 #include <keyutils.h>
 #include <libavb/libavb.h>
+#include <selinux/android.h>
+
+#ifndef RECOVERY
+#include <binder/ProcessState.h>
+#endif
 
 #include "action_parser.h"
+#include "boringssl_self_test.h"
 #include "epoll.h"
 #include "first_stage_mount.h"
 #include "import_parser.h"
@@ -52,7 +60,6 @@
 #include "security.h"
 #include "selinux.h"
 #include "sigchld_handler.h"
-#include "ueventd.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
@@ -102,6 +109,14 @@
     return parser;
 }
 
+// parser that only accepts new services
+Parser CreateServiceOnlyParser(ServiceList& service_list) {
+    Parser parser;
+
+    parser.AddSectionParser("service", std::make_unique<ServiceParser>(&service_list, subcontexts));
+    return parser;
+}
+
 static void LoadBootScripts(ActionManager& action_manager, ServiceList& service_list) {
     Parser parser = CreateParser(action_manager, service_list);
 
@@ -181,23 +196,34 @@
     }
 }
 
-static std::optional<boot_clock::time_point> RestartProcesses() {
-    std::optional<boot_clock::time_point> next_process_restart_time;
+static std::optional<boot_clock::time_point> HandleProcessActions() {
+    std::optional<boot_clock::time_point> next_process_action_time;
     for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
+        if ((s->flags() & SVC_RUNNING) && s->timeout_period()) {
+            auto timeout_time = s->time_started() + *s->timeout_period();
+            if (boot_clock::now() > timeout_time) {
+                s->Timeout();
+            } else {
+                if (!next_process_action_time || timeout_time < *next_process_action_time) {
+                    next_process_action_time = timeout_time;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         if (!(s->flags() & SVC_RESTARTING)) continue;
 
-        auto restart_time = s->time_started() + 5s;
+        auto restart_time = s->time_started() + s->restart_period();
         if (boot_clock::now() > restart_time) {
             if (auto result = s->Start(); !result) {
                 LOG(ERROR) << "Could not restart process '" << s->name() << "': " << result.error();
             }
         } else {
-            if (!next_process_restart_time || restart_time < *next_process_restart_time) {
-                next_process_restart_time = restart_time;
+            if (!next_process_action_time || restart_time < *next_process_action_time) {
+                next_process_action_time = restart_time;
             }
         }
     }
-    return next_process_restart_time;
+    return next_process_action_time;
 }
 
 static Result<Success> DoControlStart(Service* service) {
@@ -340,12 +366,12 @@
     if (!android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.oem_unlock_supported", false)) {
         return;
     }
-
-    std::string value = GetProperty("ro.boot.verifiedbootstate", "");
-
-    if (!value.empty()) {
-        property_set("ro.boot.flash.locked", value == "orange" ? "0" : "1");
-    }
+    import_kernel_cmdline(
+            false, [](const std::string& key, const std::string& value, bool in_qemu) {
+                if (key == "androidboot.verifiedbootstate") {
+                    property_set("ro.boot.flash.locked", value == "orange" ? "0" : "1");
+                }
+            });
 }
 
 static void export_kernel_boot_props() {
@@ -413,6 +439,24 @@
     return Success();
 }
 
+static Result<Success> InitBinder(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
+    // init's use of binder is very limited. init cannot:
+    //   - have any binder threads
+    //   - receive incoming binder calls
+    //   - pass local binder services to remote processes
+    //   - use death recipients
+    // The main supported usecases are:
+    //   - notifying other daemons (oneway calls only)
+    //   - retrieving data that is necessary to boot
+    // Also, binder can't be used by recovery.
+#ifndef RECOVERY
+    android::ProcessState::self()->setThreadPoolMaxThreadCount(0);
+    android::ProcessState::self()->setCallRestriction(
+            ProcessState::CallRestriction::ERROR_IF_NOT_ONEWAY);
+#endif
+    return Success();
+}
+
 // Set the UDC controller for the ConfigFS USB Gadgets.
 // Read the UDC controller in use from "/sys/class/udc".
 // In case of multiple UDC controllers select the first one.
@@ -548,41 +592,27 @@
     RebootSystem(ANDROID_RB_RESTART2, "bootloader");
 }
 
-static void InitKernelLogging(char* argv[]) {
-    // Make stdin/stdout/stderr all point to /dev/null.
-    int fd = open("/sys/fs/selinux/null", O_RDWR);
-    if (fd == -1) {
-        int saved_errno = errno;
-        android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger, InitAborter);
-        errno = saved_errno;
-        PLOG(FATAL) << "Couldn't open /sys/fs/selinux/null";
-    }
-    dup2(fd, 0);
-    dup2(fd, 1);
-    dup2(fd, 2);
-    if (fd > 2) close(fd);
-
-    android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger, InitAborter);
+static void GlobalSeccomp() {
+    import_kernel_cmdline(false, [](const std::string& key, const std::string& value,
+                                    bool in_qemu) {
+        if (key == "androidboot.seccomp" && value == "global" && !set_global_seccomp_filter()) {
+            LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to globally enable seccomp!";
+        }
+    });
 }
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    if (!strcmp(basename(argv[0]), "ueventd")) {
-        return ueventd_main(argc, argv);
-    }
-
-    if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "subcontext")) {
-        android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger);
-        const BuiltinFunctionMap function_map;
-        return SubcontextMain(argc, argv, &function_map);
-    }
-
+int SecondStageMain(int argc, char** argv) {
     if (REBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC) {
         InstallRebootSignalHandlers();
     }
 
-    InitKernelLogging(argv);
+    // We need to set up stdin/stdout/stderr again now that we're running in init's context.
+    InitKernelLogging(argv, InitAborter);
     LOG(INFO) << "init second stage started!";
 
+    // Enable seccomp if global boot option was passed (otherwise it is enabled in zygote).
+    GlobalSeccomp();
+
     // Set up a session keyring that all processes will have access to. It
     // will hold things like FBE encryption keys. No process should override
     // its session keyring.
@@ -628,6 +658,7 @@
     InstallSignalFdHandler(&epoll);
 
     property_load_boot_defaults();
+    fs_mgr_vendor_overlay_mount_all();
     export_oem_lock_status();
     StartPropertyService(&epoll);
     set_usb_controller();
@@ -669,10 +700,16 @@
     // Trigger all the boot actions to get us started.
     am.QueueEventTrigger("init");
 
+    // Starting the BoringSSL self test, for NIAP certification compliance.
+    am.QueueBuiltinAction(StartBoringSslSelfTest, "StartBoringSslSelfTest");
+
     // Repeat mix_hwrng_into_linux_rng in case /dev/hw_random or /dev/random
     // wasn't ready immediately after wait_for_coldboot_done
     am.QueueBuiltinAction(MixHwrngIntoLinuxRngAction, "MixHwrngIntoLinuxRng");
 
+    // Initialize binder before bringing up other system services
+    am.QueueBuiltinAction(InitBinder, "InitBinder");
+
     // Don't mount filesystems or start core system services in charger mode.
     std::string bootmode = GetProperty("ro.bootmode", "");
     if (bootmode == "charger") {
@@ -700,12 +737,12 @@
         }
         if (!(waiting_for_prop || Service::is_exec_service_running())) {
             if (!shutting_down) {
-                auto next_process_restart_time = RestartProcesses();
+                auto next_process_action_time = HandleProcessActions();
 
                 // If there's a process that needs restarting, wake up in time for that.
-                if (next_process_restart_time) {
+                if (next_process_action_time) {
                     epoll_timeout = std::chrono::ceil<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
-                        *next_process_restart_time - boot_clock::now());
+                            *next_process_action_time - boot_clock::now());
                     if (*epoll_timeout < 0ms) epoll_timeout = 0ms;
                 }
             }
diff --git a/init/init.h b/init/init.h
index f244ad7..a76da20 100644
--- a/init/init.h
+++ b/init/init.h
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 extern std::vector<std::string> late_import_paths;
 
 Parser CreateParser(ActionManager& action_manager, ServiceList& service_list);
+Parser CreateServiceOnlyParser(ServiceList& service_list);
 
 void HandleControlMessage(const std::string& msg, const std::string& arg, pid_t pid);
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@
 
 void ResetWaitForProp();
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv);
+int SecondStageMain(int argc, char** argv);
 
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/init_first_stage.cpp b/init/init_first_stage.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 466cde3..0000000
--- a/init/init_first_stage.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,169 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <paths.h>
-#include <seccomp_policy.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <sys/mount.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
-#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
-#include <selinux/android.h>
-
-#include "first_stage_mount.h"
-#include "reboot_utils.h"
-#include "selinux.h"
-#include "util.h"
-
-using android::base::boot_clock;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace init {
-
-static void GlobalSeccomp() {
-    import_kernel_cmdline(false, [](const std::string& key, const std::string& value,
-                                    bool in_qemu) {
-        if (key == "androidboot.seccomp" && value == "global" && !set_global_seccomp_filter()) {
-            LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to globally enable seccomp!";
-        }
-    });
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    if (REBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC) {
-        InstallRebootSignalHandlers();
-    }
-
-    boot_clock::time_point start_time = boot_clock::now();
-
-    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> errors;
-#define CHECKCALL(x) \
-    if (x != 0) errors.emplace_back(#x " failed", errno);
-
-    // Clear the umask.
-    umask(0);
-
-    CHECKCALL(clearenv());
-    CHECKCALL(setenv("PATH", _PATH_DEFPATH, 1));
-    // Get the basic filesystem setup we need put together in the initramdisk
-    // on / and then we'll let the rc file figure out the rest.
-    CHECKCALL(mount("tmpfs", "/dev", "tmpfs", MS_NOSUID, "mode=0755"));
-    CHECKCALL(mkdir("/dev/pts", 0755));
-    CHECKCALL(mkdir("/dev/socket", 0755));
-    CHECKCALL(mount("devpts", "/dev/pts", "devpts", 0, NULL));
-#define MAKE_STR(x) __STRING(x)
-    CHECKCALL(mount("proc", "/proc", "proc", 0, "hidepid=2,gid=" MAKE_STR(AID_READPROC)));
-#undef MAKE_STR
-    // Don't expose the raw commandline to unprivileged processes.
-    CHECKCALL(chmod("/proc/cmdline", 0440));
-    gid_t groups[] = {AID_READPROC};
-    CHECKCALL(setgroups(arraysize(groups), groups));
-    CHECKCALL(mount("sysfs", "/sys", "sysfs", 0, NULL));
-    CHECKCALL(mount("selinuxfs", "/sys/fs/selinux", "selinuxfs", 0, NULL));
-
-    CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/kmsg", S_IFCHR | 0600, makedev(1, 11)));
-
-    if constexpr (WORLD_WRITABLE_KMSG) {
-        CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/kmsg_debug", S_IFCHR | 0622, makedev(1, 11)));
-    }
-
-    CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/random", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 8)));
-    CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/urandom", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 9)));
-
-    // This is needed for log wrapper, which gets called before ueventd runs.
-    CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/ptmx", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(5, 2)));
-    CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/null", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 3)));
-
-    // Mount staging areas for devices managed by vold
-    // See storage config details at http://source.android.com/devices/storage/
-    CHECKCALL(mount("tmpfs", "/mnt", "tmpfs", MS_NOEXEC | MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV,
-                    "mode=0755,uid=0,gid=1000"));
-    // /mnt/vendor is used to mount vendor-specific partitions that can not be
-    // part of the vendor partition, e.g. because they are mounted read-write.
-    CHECKCALL(mkdir("/mnt/vendor", 0755));
-    // /mnt/product is used to mount product-specific partitions that can not be
-    // part of the product partition, e.g. because they are mounted read-write.
-    CHECKCALL(mkdir("/mnt/product", 0755));
-
-#undef CHECKCALL
-
-    // Now that tmpfs is mounted on /dev and we have /dev/kmsg, we can actually
-    // talk to the outside world...
-    android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger, [](const char*) {
-        RebootSystem(ANDROID_RB_RESTART2, "bootloader");
-    });
-
-    if (!errors.empty()) {
-        for (const auto& [error_string, error_errno] : errors) {
-            LOG(ERROR) << error_string << " " << strerror(error_errno);
-        }
-        LOG(FATAL) << "Init encountered errors starting first stage, aborting";
-    }
-
-    LOG(INFO) << "init first stage started!";
-
-    if (!DoFirstStageMount()) {
-        LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to mount required partitions early ...";
-    }
-
-    SetInitAvbVersionInRecovery();
-
-    // Does this need to be done in first stage init or can it be done later?
-    // Enable seccomp if global boot option was passed (otherwise it is enabled in zygote).
-    GlobalSeccomp();
-
-    // Set up SELinux, loading the SELinux policy.
-    SelinuxSetupKernelLogging();
-    SelinuxInitialize();
-
-    // We're in the kernel domain and want to transition to the init domain when we exec second
-    // stage init.  File systems that store SELabels in their xattrs, such as ext4 do not need an
-    // explicit restorecon here, but other file systems do.  In particular, this is needed for
-    // ramdisks such as the recovery image for A/B devices.
-    if (selinux_android_restorecon("/system/bin/init", 0) == -1) {
-        PLOG(FATAL) << "restorecon failed of /system/bin/init failed";
-    }
-
-    static constexpr uint32_t kNanosecondsPerMillisecond = 1e6;
-    uint64_t start_ms = start_time.time_since_epoch().count() / kNanosecondsPerMillisecond;
-    setenv("INIT_STARTED_AT", std::to_string(start_ms).c_str(), 1);
-
-    const char* path = "/system/bin/init";
-    const char* args[] = {path, nullptr};
-    execv(path, const_cast<char**>(args));
-
-    // execv() only returns if an error happened, in which case we
-    // panic and never fall through this conditional.
-    PLOG(FATAL) << "execv(\"" << path << "\") failed";
-
-    return 1;
-}
-
-}  // namespace init
-}  // namespace android
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    return android::init::main(argc, argv);
-}
diff --git a/init/init_test.cpp b/init/init_test.cpp
index 0f9635f..c2f0c41 100644
--- a/init/init_test.cpp
+++ b/init/init_test.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 #include <functional>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include "action.h"
diff --git a/init/keychords.cpp b/init/keychords.cpp
index b8c1cfd..f5ac44f 100644
--- a/init/keychords.cpp
+++ b/init/keychords.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 
 Keychords::~Keychords() noexcept {
     if (inotify_fd_ >= 0) {
-        epoll_->UnregisterHandler(inotify_fd_);
+        epoll_->UnregisterHandler(inotify_fd_).IgnoreError();
         ::close(inotify_fd_);
     }
     while (!registration_.empty()) GeteventCloseDevice(registration_.begin()->first);
@@ -186,7 +186,11 @@
         current_ |= mask & available & set;
         LambdaCheck();
     }
-    epoll_->RegisterHandler(fd, [this, fd]() { this->LambdaHandler(fd); });
+    if (auto result = epoll_->RegisterHandler(fd, [this, fd]() { this->LambdaHandler(fd); });
+        !result) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "Could not register keychord epoll handler: " << result.error();
+        return false;
+    }
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -208,7 +212,7 @@
     auto it = registration_.find(device);
     if (it == registration_.end()) return;
     auto fd = (*it).second;
-    epoll_->UnregisterHandler(fd);
+    epoll_->UnregisterHandler(fd).IgnoreError();
     registration_.erase(it);
     ::close(fd);
 }
@@ -266,7 +270,11 @@
     }
 
     if (inotify_fd_ >= 0) {
-        epoll_->RegisterHandler(inotify_fd_, [this]() { this->InotifyHandler(); });
+        if (auto result =
+                    epoll_->RegisterHandler(inotify_fd_, [this]() { this->InotifyHandler(); });
+            !result) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "Could not register keychord epoll handler: " << result.error();
+        }
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/init/keychords_test.cpp b/init/keychords_test.cpp
index c8c47a8..e5a6fd3 100644
--- a/init/keychords_test.cpp
+++ b/init/keychords_test.cpp
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@
   public:
     EventHandler();
     EventHandler(const EventHandler&) = delete;
-    EventHandler(EventHandler&&);
+    EventHandler(EventHandler&&) noexcept;
     EventHandler& operator=(const EventHandler&) = delete;
-    EventHandler& operator=(EventHandler&&);
+    EventHandler& operator=(EventHandler&&) noexcept;
     ~EventHandler() noexcept;
 
     bool init();
@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@
 
 EventHandler::EventHandler() : fd_(-1) {}
 
-EventHandler::EventHandler(EventHandler&& rval) : fd_(rval.fd_) {
+EventHandler::EventHandler(EventHandler&& rval) noexcept : fd_(rval.fd_) {
     rval.fd_ = -1;
 }
 
-EventHandler& EventHandler::operator=(EventHandler&& rval) {
+EventHandler& EventHandler::operator=(EventHandler&& rval) noexcept {
     fd_ = rval.fd_;
     rval.fd_ = -1;
     return *this;
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@
 }
 
 void TestFrame::RelaxForMs(std::chrono::milliseconds wait) {
-    epoll_.Wait(wait);
+    epoll_.Wait(wait).IgnoreError();
 }
 
 void TestFrame::SetChord(int key, bool value) {
diff --git a/init/main.cpp b/init/main.cpp
index 9ed451b..2ce46ef 100644
--- a/init/main.cpp
+++ b/init/main.cpp
@@ -14,8 +14,65 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include "builtins.h"
+#include "first_stage_init.h"
 #include "init.h"
+#include "selinux.h"
+#include "subcontext.h"
+#include "ueventd.h"
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+
+#if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+#include <sanitizer/asan_interface.h>
+#endif
+
+#if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+// Load asan.options if it exists since these are not yet in the environment.
+// Always ensure detect_container_overflow=0 as there are false positives with this check.
+// Always ensure abort_on_error=1 to ensure we reboot to bootloader for development builds.
+extern "C" const char* __asan_default_options() {
+    return "include_if_exists=/system/asan.options:detect_container_overflow=0:abort_on_error=1";
+}
+
+__attribute__((no_sanitize("address", "memory", "thread", "undefined"))) extern "C" void
+__sanitizer_report_error_summary(const char* summary) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Init (error summary): " << summary;
+}
+
+__attribute__((no_sanitize("address", "memory", "thread", "undefined"))) static void
+AsanReportCallback(const char* str) {
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Init: " << str;
+}
+#endif
+
+using namespace android::init;
 
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-    android::init::main(argc, argv);
+#if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+    __asan_set_error_report_callback(AsanReportCallback);
+#endif
+
+    if (!strcmp(basename(argv[0]), "ueventd")) {
+        return ueventd_main(argc, argv);
+    }
+
+    if (argc > 1) {
+        if (!strcmp(argv[1], "subcontext")) {
+            android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger);
+            const BuiltinFunctionMap function_map;
+
+            return SubcontextMain(argc, argv, &function_map);
+        }
+
+        if (!strcmp(argv[1], "selinux_setup")) {
+            return SetupSelinux(argv);
+        }
+
+        if (!strcmp(argv[1], "second_stage")) {
+            return SecondStageMain(argc, argv);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return FirstStageMain(argc, argv);
 }
diff --git a/init/modalias_handler.cpp b/init/modalias_handler.cpp
index 1e0db57..c61c210 100644
--- a/init/modalias_handler.cpp
+++ b/init/modalias_handler.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
     }
 
     // Key is striped module name to match names in alias file
-    std::size_t start = args[0].find_last_of("/");
+    std::size_t start = args[0].find_last_of('/');
     std::size_t end = args[0].find(".ko:");
     if ((end - start) <= 1) return Error() << "malformed dependency line";
     auto mod_name = args[0].substr(start + 1, (end - start) - 1);
diff --git a/init/parser.cpp b/init/parser.cpp
index fa0fd11..bbfbdc6 100644
--- a/init/parser.cpp
+++ b/init/parser.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,12 @@
     int section_start_line = -1;
     std::vector<std::string> args;
 
+    // If we encounter a bad section start, there is no valid parser object to parse the subsequent
+    // sections, so we must suppress errors until the next valid section is found.
+    bool bad_section_found = false;
+
     auto end_section = [&] {
+        bad_section_found = false;
         if (section_parser == nullptr) return;
 
         if (auto result = section_parser->EndSection(); !result) {
@@ -101,6 +106,7 @@
                         parse_error_count_++;
                         LOG(ERROR) << filename << ": " << state.line << ": " << result.error();
                         section_parser = nullptr;
+                        bad_section_found = true;
                     }
                 } else if (section_parser) {
                     if (auto result = section_parser->ParseLineSection(std::move(args), state.line);
@@ -108,7 +114,7 @@
                         parse_error_count_++;
                         LOG(ERROR) << filename << ": " << state.line << ": " << result.error();
                     }
-                } else {
+                } else if (!bad_section_found) {
                     parse_error_count_++;
                     LOG(ERROR) << filename << ": " << state.line
                                << ": Invalid section keyword found";
diff --git a/init/parser.h b/init/parser.h
index 2454b6a..f30bda7 100644
--- a/init/parser.h
+++ b/init/parser.h
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
     Parser();
 
     bool ParseConfig(const std::string& path);
+    bool ParseConfigFile(const std::string& path);
     void AddSectionParser(const std::string& name, std::unique_ptr<SectionParser> parser);
     void AddSingleLineParser(const std::string& prefix, LineCallback callback);
 
@@ -82,7 +83,6 @@
 
   private:
     void ParseData(const std::string& filename, std::string* data);
-    bool ParseConfigFile(const std::string& path);
     bool ParseConfigDir(const std::string& path);
 
     std::map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<SectionParser>> section_parsers_;
diff --git a/init/persistent_properties_test.cpp b/init/persistent_properties_test.cpp
index 872e9a1..13796a6 100644
--- a/init/persistent_properties_test.cpp
+++ b/init/persistent_properties_test.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include "util.h"
diff --git a/init/property_service.cpp b/init/property_service.cpp
index 5c8b92a..3199d45 100644
--- a/init/property_service.cpp
+++ b/init/property_service.cpp
@@ -111,6 +111,22 @@
         LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to load serialized property info file";
     }
 }
+
+bool CanReadProperty(const std::string& source_context, const std::string& name) {
+    const char* target_context = nullptr;
+    property_info_area->GetPropertyInfo(name.c_str(), &target_context, nullptr);
+
+    PropertyAuditData audit_data;
+
+    audit_data.name = name.c_str();
+
+    ucred cr = {.pid = 0, .uid = 0, .gid = 0};
+    audit_data.cr = &cr;
+
+    return selinux_check_access(source_context.c_str(), target_context, "file", "read",
+                                &audit_data) == 0;
+}
+
 static bool CheckMacPerms(const std::string& name, const char* target_context,
                           const char* source_context, const ucred& cr) {
     if (!target_context || !source_context) {
@@ -683,22 +699,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-void property_load_boot_defaults() {
-    if (!load_properties_from_file("/system/etc/prop.default", NULL)) {
-        // Try recovery path
-        if (!load_properties_from_file("/prop.default", NULL)) {
-            // Try legacy path
-            load_properties_from_file("/default.prop", NULL);
-        }
-    }
-    load_properties_from_file("/product/build.prop", NULL);
-    load_properties_from_file("/product_services/build.prop", NULL);
-    load_properties_from_file("/odm/default.prop", NULL);
-    load_properties_from_file("/vendor/default.prop", NULL);
-
-    update_sys_usb_config();
-}
-
 static void load_override_properties() {
     if (ALLOW_LOCAL_PROP_OVERRIDE) {
         load_properties_from_file("/data/local.prop", NULL);
@@ -746,7 +746,7 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    int fd = open(rec->blk_device, O_RDONLY);
+    int fd = open(rec->blk_device, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
     if (fd == -1) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "error opening block device " << rec->blk_device;
         return;
@@ -763,12 +763,29 @@
     close(fd);
 }
 
-void load_system_props() {
+void property_load_boot_defaults() {
+    // TODO(b/117892318): merge prop.default and build.prop files into one
+    // TODO(b/122864654): read the prop files from all partitions and then
+    // resolve the duplication by their origin so that RO and non-RO properties
+    // have a consistent overriding order.
+    if (!load_properties_from_file("/system/etc/prop.default", NULL)) {
+        // Try recovery path
+        if (!load_properties_from_file("/prop.default", NULL)) {
+            // Try legacy path
+            load_properties_from_file("/default.prop", NULL);
+        }
+    }
+    load_properties_from_file("/product/build.prop", NULL);
+    load_properties_from_file("/product_services/build.prop", NULL);
+    load_properties_from_file("/odm/default.prop", NULL);
+    load_properties_from_file("/vendor/default.prop", NULL);
     load_properties_from_file("/system/build.prop", NULL);
     load_properties_from_file("/odm/build.prop", NULL);
     load_properties_from_file("/vendor/build.prop", NULL);
     load_properties_from_file("/factory/factory.prop", "ro.*");
     load_recovery_id_prop();
+
+    update_sys_usb_config();
 }
 
 static int SelinuxAuditCallback(void* data, security_class_t /*cls*/, char* buf, size_t len) {
diff --git a/init/property_service.h b/init/property_service.h
index cacd987..9022f5a 100644
--- a/init/property_service.h
+++ b/init/property_service.h
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
+bool CanReadProperty(const std::string& source_context, const std::string& name);
+
 extern uint32_t (*property_set)(const std::string& name, const std::string& value);
 
 uint32_t HandlePropertySet(const std::string& name, const std::string& value,
diff --git a/init/reboot.cpp b/init/reboot.cpp
index 2f88121..5b90969 100644
--- a/init/reboot.cpp
+++ b/init/reboot.cpp
@@ -20,9 +20,11 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <linux/fs.h>
 #include <mntent.h>
+#include <linux/loop.h>
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/swap.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/syscall.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
@@ -55,9 +57,11 @@
 #include "service.h"
 #include "sigchld_handler.h"
 
+using android::base::GetBoolProperty;
 using android::base::Split;
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 using android::base::Timer;
+using android::base::unique_fd;
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
@@ -103,13 +107,17 @@
         int st;
         if (IsF2Fs()) {
             const char* f2fs_argv[] = {
-                "/system/bin/fsck.f2fs", "-f", mnt_fsname_.c_str(),
+                    "/system/bin/fsck.f2fs",
+                    "-a",
+                    mnt_fsname_.c_str(),
             };
             android_fork_execvp_ext(arraysize(f2fs_argv), (char**)f2fs_argv, &st, true, LOG_KLOG,
                                     true, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
         } else if (IsExt4()) {
             const char* ext4_argv[] = {
-                "/system/bin/e2fsck", "-f", "-y", mnt_fsname_.c_str(),
+                    "/system/bin/e2fsck",
+                    "-y",
+                    mnt_fsname_.c_str(),
             };
             android_fork_execvp_ext(arraysize(ext4_argv), (char**)ext4_argv, &st, true, LOG_KLOG,
                                     true, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
@@ -142,7 +150,9 @@
         LOG(WARNING) << "cannot find blank_screen in TurnOffBacklight";
         return;
     }
-    service->Start();
+    if (auto result = service->Start(); !result) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "Could not start blank_screen service: " << result.error();
+    }
 }
 
 static void ShutdownVold() {
@@ -162,7 +172,7 @@
  */
 static bool FindPartitionsToUmount(std::vector<MountEntry>* blockDevPartitions,
                                    std::vector<MountEntry>* emulatedPartitions, bool dump) {
-    std::unique_ptr<std::FILE, int (*)(std::FILE*)> fp(setmntent("/proc/mounts", "r"), endmntent);
+    std::unique_ptr<std::FILE, int (*)(std::FILE*)> fp(setmntent("/proc/mounts", "re"), endmntent);
     if (fp == nullptr) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open /proc/mounts";
         return false;
@@ -187,7 +197,7 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-static void DumpUmountDebuggingInfo(bool dump_all) {
+static void DumpUmountDebuggingInfo() {
     int status;
     if (!security_getenforce()) {
         LOG(INFO) << "Run lsof";
@@ -196,10 +206,9 @@
                                 true, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
     }
     FindPartitionsToUmount(nullptr, nullptr, true);
-    if (dump_all) {
-        // dump current tasks, this log can be lengthy, so only dump with dump_all
-        android::base::WriteStringToFile("t", "/proc/sysrq-trigger");
-    }
+    // dump current CPU stack traces and uninterruptible tasks
+    android::base::WriteStringToFile("l", "/proc/sysrq-trigger");
+    android::base::WriteStringToFile("w", "/proc/sysrq-trigger");
 }
 
 static UmountStat UmountPartitions(std::chrono::milliseconds timeout) {
@@ -262,11 +271,11 @@
     UmountStat stat = UmountPartitions(timeout - t.duration());
     if (stat != UMOUNT_STAT_SUCCESS) {
         LOG(INFO) << "umount timeout, last resort, kill all and try";
-        if (DUMP_ON_UMOUNT_FAILURE) DumpUmountDebuggingInfo(true);
+        if (DUMP_ON_UMOUNT_FAILURE) DumpUmountDebuggingInfo();
         KillAllProcesses();
         // even if it succeeds, still it is timeout and do not run fsck with all processes killed
         UmountStat st = UmountPartitions(0ms);
-        if ((st != UMOUNT_STAT_SUCCESS) && DUMP_ON_UMOUNT_FAILURE) DumpUmountDebuggingInfo(false);
+        if ((st != UMOUNT_STAT_SUCCESS) && DUMP_ON_UMOUNT_FAILURE) DumpUmountDebuggingInfo();
     }
 
     if (stat == UMOUNT_STAT_SUCCESS && runFsck) {
@@ -279,6 +288,48 @@
     return stat;
 }
 
+// zram is able to use backing device on top of a loopback device.
+// In order to unmount /data successfully, we have to kill the loopback device first
+#define ZRAM_DEVICE   "/dev/block/zram0"
+#define ZRAM_RESET    "/sys/block/zram0/reset"
+#define ZRAM_BACK_DEV "/sys/block/zram0/backing_dev"
+static void KillZramBackingDevice() {
+    std::string backing_dev;
+    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(ZRAM_BACK_DEV, &backing_dev)) return;
+
+    if (!android::base::StartsWith(backing_dev, "/dev/block/loop")) return;
+
+    // cut the last "\n"
+    backing_dev.erase(backing_dev.length() - 1);
+
+    // shutdown zram handle
+    Timer swap_timer;
+    LOG(INFO) << "swapoff() start...";
+    if (swapoff(ZRAM_DEVICE) == -1) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "zram_backing_dev: swapoff (" << backing_dev << ")" << " failed";
+        return;
+    }
+    LOG(INFO) << "swapoff() took " << swap_timer;;
+
+    if (!android::base::WriteStringToFile("1", ZRAM_RESET)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "zram_backing_dev: reset (" << backing_dev << ")" << " failed";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // clear loopback device
+    unique_fd loop(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(backing_dev.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    if (loop.get() < 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "zram_backing_dev: open(" << backing_dev << ")" << " failed";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (ioctl(loop.get(), LOOP_CLR_FD, 0) < 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "zram_backing_dev: loop_clear (" << backing_dev << ")" << " failed";
+        return;
+    }
+    LOG(INFO) << "zram_backing_dev: `" << backing_dev << "` is cleared successfully.";
+}
+
 //* Reboot / shutdown the system.
 // cmd ANDROID_RB_* as defined in android_reboot.h
 // reason Reason string like "reboot", "shutdown,userrequested"
@@ -307,15 +358,14 @@
 
     auto shutdown_timeout = 0ms;
     if (!SHUTDOWN_ZERO_TIMEOUT) {
-        if (is_thermal_shutdown) {
-            constexpr unsigned int thermal_shutdown_timeout = 1;
-            shutdown_timeout = std::chrono::seconds(thermal_shutdown_timeout);
-        } else {
-            constexpr unsigned int shutdown_timeout_default = 6;
-            auto shutdown_timeout_property = android::base::GetUintProperty(
-                "ro.build.shutdown_timeout", shutdown_timeout_default);
-            shutdown_timeout = std::chrono::seconds(shutdown_timeout_property);
+        constexpr unsigned int shutdown_timeout_default = 6;
+        constexpr unsigned int max_thermal_shutdown_timeout = 3;
+        auto shutdown_timeout_final = android::base::GetUintProperty("ro.build.shutdown_timeout",
+                                                                     shutdown_timeout_default);
+        if (is_thermal_shutdown && shutdown_timeout_final > max_thermal_shutdown_timeout) {
+            shutdown_timeout_final = max_thermal_shutdown_timeout;
         }
+        shutdown_timeout = std::chrono::seconds(shutdown_timeout_final);
     }
     LOG(INFO) << "Shutdown timeout: " << shutdown_timeout.count() << " ms";
 
@@ -349,9 +399,31 @@
     Service* bootAnim = ServiceList::GetInstance().FindService("bootanim");
     Service* surfaceFlinger = ServiceList::GetInstance().FindService("surfaceflinger");
     if (bootAnim != nullptr && surfaceFlinger != nullptr && surfaceFlinger->IsRunning()) {
-        // will not check animation class separately
+        bool do_shutdown_animation = GetBoolProperty("ro.init.shutdown_animation", false);
+
+        if (do_shutdown_animation) {
+            property_set("service.bootanim.exit", "0");
+            // Could be in the middle of animation. Stop and start so that it can pick
+            // up the right mode.
+            bootAnim->Stop();
+        }
+
         for (const auto& service : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
-            if (service->classnames().count("animation")) service->SetShutdownCritical();
+            if (service->classnames().count("animation") == 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // start all animation classes if stopped.
+            if (do_shutdown_animation) {
+                service->Start().IgnoreError();
+            }
+            service->SetShutdownCritical();  // will not check animation class separately
+        }
+
+        if (do_shutdown_animation) {
+            bootAnim->Start().IgnoreError();
+            surfaceFlinger->SetShutdownCritical();
+            bootAnim->SetShutdownCritical();
         }
     }
 
@@ -422,6 +494,9 @@
         sync();
         LOG(INFO) << "sync() before umount took" << sync_timer;
     }
+    // 5. drop caches and disable zram backing device, if exist
+    KillZramBackingDevice();
+
     UmountStat stat = TryUmountAndFsck(runFsck, shutdown_timeout - t.duration());
     // Follow what linux shutdown is doing: one more sync with little bit delay
     {
@@ -464,6 +539,12 @@
         cmd = ANDROID_RB_RESTART2;
         if (cmd_params.size() >= 2) {
             reboot_target = cmd_params[1];
+            // adb reboot fastboot should boot into bootloader for devices not
+            // supporting logical partitions.
+            if (reboot_target == "fastboot" &&
+                !android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.boot.dynamic_partitions", false)) {
+                reboot_target = "bootloader";
+            }
             // When rebooting to the bootloader notify the bootloader writing
             // also the BCB.
             if (reboot_target == "bootloader") {
diff --git a/init/result.h b/init/result.h
index fc03962..0e3fd3d 100644
--- a/init/result.h
+++ b/init/result.h
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-class Result {
+class [[nodiscard]] Result {
   public:
     Result() {}
 
@@ -170,6 +170,8 @@
         : contents_(std::in_place_index_t<1>(), std::move(result_error.error_string),
                     result_error.error_errno) {}
 
+    void IgnoreError() const {}
+
     bool has_value() const { return contents_.index() == 0; }
 
     T& value() & { return std::get<0>(contents_); }
diff --git a/init/selinux.cpp b/init/selinux.cpp
index fd7e86f..d93e9ec 100644
--- a/init/selinux.cpp
+++ b/init/selinux.cpp
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 // for SELinux operation for init.
 
 // When the system boots, there is no SEPolicy present and init is running in the kernel domain.
-// Init loads the SEPolicy from the file system, restores the context of /init based on this
-// SEPolicy, and finally exec()'s itself to run in the proper domain.
+// Init loads the SEPolicy from the file system, restores the context of /system/bin/init based on
+// this SEPolicy, and finally exec()'s itself to run in the proper domain.
 
 // The SEPolicy on Android comes in two variants: monolithic and split.
 
@@ -58,8 +58,10 @@
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
 #include <selinux/android.h>
 
+#include "reboot_utils.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 using android::base::ParseInt;
@@ -302,7 +304,17 @@
     if (!GetVendorMappingVersion(&vend_plat_vers)) {
         return false;
     }
-    std::string mapping_file("/system/etc/selinux/mapping/" + vend_plat_vers + ".cil");
+    std::string plat_mapping_file("/system/etc/selinux/mapping/" + vend_plat_vers + ".cil");
+
+    std::string product_policy_cil_file("/product/etc/selinux/product_sepolicy.cil");
+    if (access(product_policy_cil_file.c_str(), F_OK) == -1) {
+        product_policy_cil_file.clear();
+    }
+
+    std::string product_mapping_file("/product/etc/selinux/mapping/" + vend_plat_vers + ".cil");
+    if (access(product_mapping_file.c_str(), F_OK) == -1) {
+        product_mapping_file.clear();
+    }
 
     // vendor_sepolicy.cil and plat_pub_versioned.cil are the new design to replace
     // nonplat_sepolicy.cil.
@@ -333,13 +345,19 @@
         "-m", "-M", "true", "-G", "-N",
         // Target the highest policy language version supported by the kernel
         "-c", version_as_string.c_str(),
-        mapping_file.c_str(),
+        plat_mapping_file.c_str(),
         "-o", compiled_sepolicy,
         // We don't care about file_contexts output by the compiler
         "-f", "/sys/fs/selinux/null",  // /dev/null is not yet available
     };
     // clang-format on
 
+    if (!product_policy_cil_file.empty()) {
+        compile_args.push_back(product_policy_cil_file.c_str());
+    }
+    if (!product_mapping_file.empty()) {
+        compile_args.push_back(product_mapping_file.c_str());
+    }
     if (!plat_pub_versioned_cil_file.empty()) {
         compile_args.push_back(plat_pub_versioned_cil_file.c_str());
     }
@@ -379,8 +397,6 @@
     return IsSplitPolicyDevice() ? LoadSplitPolicy() : LoadMonolithicPolicy();
 }
 
-}  // namespace
-
 void SelinuxInitialize() {
     Timer t;
 
@@ -405,6 +421,8 @@
     setenv("INIT_SELINUX_TOOK", std::to_string(t.duration().count()).c_str(), 1);
 }
 
+}  // namespace
+
 // The files and directories that were created before initial sepolicy load or
 // files on ramdisk need to have their security context restored to the proper
 // value. This must happen before /dev is populated by ueventd.
@@ -422,32 +440,8 @@
     selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/urandom", 0);
     selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/__properties__", 0);
 
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/plat_file_contexts", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/nonplat_file_contexts", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/vendor_file_contexts", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/plat_property_contexts", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/nonplat_property_contexts", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/vendor_property_contexts", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/plat_seapp_contexts", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/nonplat_seapp_contexts", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/vendor_seapp_contexts", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/plat_service_contexts", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/nonplat_service_contexts", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/vendor_service_contexts", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/plat_hwservice_contexts", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/nonplat_hwservice_contexts", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/vendor_hwservice_contexts", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/sepolicy", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/vndservice_contexts", 0);
-
     selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/block", SELINUX_ANDROID_RESTORECON_RECURSE);
     selinux_android_restorecon("/dev/device-mapper", 0);
-
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/sbin/mke2fs_static", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/sbin/e2fsdroid_static", 0);
-
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/sbin/mkfs.f2fs", 0);
-    selinux_android_restorecon("/sbin/sload.f2fs", 0);
 }
 
 int SelinuxKlogCallback(int type, const char* fmt, ...) {
@@ -496,6 +490,39 @@
     return major_version;
 }
 
+// This function initializes SELinux then execs init to run in the init SELinux context.
+int SetupSelinux(char** argv) {
+    android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger, [](const char*) {
+        RebootSystem(ANDROID_RB_RESTART2, "bootloader");
+    });
+
+    if (REBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC) {
+        InstallRebootSignalHandlers();
+    }
+
+    // Set up SELinux, loading the SELinux policy.
+    SelinuxSetupKernelLogging();
+    SelinuxInitialize();
+
+    // We're in the kernel domain and want to transition to the init domain.  File systems that
+    // store SELabels in their xattrs, such as ext4 do not need an explicit restorecon here,
+    // but other file systems do.  In particular, this is needed for ramdisks such as the
+    // recovery image for A/B devices.
+    if (selinux_android_restorecon("/system/bin/init", 0) == -1) {
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "restorecon failed of /system/bin/init failed";
+    }
+
+    const char* path = "/system/bin/init";
+    const char* args[] = {path, "second_stage", nullptr};
+    execv(path, const_cast<char**>(args));
+
+    // execv() only returns if an error happened, in which case we
+    // panic and never return from this function.
+    PLOG(FATAL) << "execv(\"" << path << "\") failed";
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
 // selinux_android_file_context_handle() takes on the order of 10+ms to run, so we want to cache
 // its value.  selinux_android_restorecon() also needs an sehandle for file context look up.  It
 // will create and store its own copy, but selinux_android_set_sehandle() can be used to provide
diff --git a/init/selinux.h b/init/selinux.h
index c41d7f0..3aa9406 100644
--- a/init/selinux.h
+++ b/init/selinux.h
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-void SelinuxInitialize();
+int SetupSelinux(char** argv);
 void SelinuxRestoreContext();
 
 void SelinuxSetupKernelLogging();
diff --git a/init/service.cpp b/init/service.cpp
index d20e90a..272809f 100644
--- a/init/service.cpp
+++ b/init/service.cpp
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
 using android::base::GetProperty;
 using android::base::Join;
 using android::base::ParseInt;
+using android::base::Split;
 using android::base::StartsWith;
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 using android::base::unique_fd;
@@ -234,9 +235,6 @@
       ioprio_pri_(0),
       priority_(0),
       oom_score_adjust_(-1000),
-      swappiness_(-1),
-      soft_limit_in_bytes_(-1),
-      limit_in_bytes_(-1),
       start_order_(0),
       args_(args) {}
 
@@ -369,12 +367,19 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    // If we crash > 4 times in 4 minutes, reboot into recovery.
+    // If we crash > 4 times in 4 minutes, reboot into bootloader or set crashing property
     boot_clock::time_point now = boot_clock::now();
-    if ((flags_ & SVC_CRITICAL) && !(flags_ & SVC_RESTART)) {
+    if (((flags_ & SVC_CRITICAL) || classnames_.count("updatable")) && !(flags_ & SVC_RESTART)) {
         if (now < time_crashed_ + 4min) {
             if (++crash_count_ > 4) {
-                LOG(FATAL) << "critical process '" << name_ << "' exited 4 times in 4 minutes";
+                if (flags_ & SVC_CRITICAL) {
+                    // Aborts into bootloader
+                    LOG(FATAL) << "critical process '" << name_ << "' exited 4 times in 4 minutes";
+                } else {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "updatable process '" << name_ << "' exited 4 times in 4 minutes";
+                    // Notifies update_verifier and apexd
+                    property_set("ro.init.updatable_crashing", "1");
+                }
             }
         } else {
             time_crashed_ = now;
@@ -400,7 +405,7 @@
                   [] (const auto& info) { LOG(INFO) << *info; });
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseCapabilities(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseCapabilities(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     capabilities_ = 0;
 
     if (!CapAmbientSupported()) {
@@ -429,29 +434,29 @@
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseClass(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseClass(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     classnames_ = std::set<std::string>(args.begin() + 1, args.end());
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseConsole(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseConsole(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     flags_ |= SVC_CONSOLE;
     console_ = args.size() > 1 ? "/dev/" + args[1] : "";
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseCritical(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseCritical(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     flags_ |= SVC_CRITICAL;
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseDisabled(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseDisabled(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     flags_ |= SVC_DISABLED;
     flags_ |= SVC_RC_DISABLED;
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseEnterNamespace(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseEnterNamespace(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     if (args[1] != "net") {
         return Error() << "Init only supports entering network namespaces";
     }
@@ -461,11 +466,11 @@
     // Network namespaces require that /sys is remounted, otherwise the old adapters will still be
     // present. Therefore, they also require mount namespaces.
     namespace_flags_ |= CLONE_NEWNS;
-    namespaces_to_enter_.emplace_back(CLONE_NEWNET, args[2]);
+    namespaces_to_enter_.emplace_back(CLONE_NEWNET, std::move(args[2]));
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseGroup(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseGroup(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     auto gid = DecodeUid(args[1]);
     if (!gid) {
         return Error() << "Unable to decode GID for '" << args[1] << "': " << gid.error();
@@ -482,7 +487,7 @@
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParsePriority(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParsePriority(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     priority_ = 0;
     if (!ParseInt(args[1], &priority_,
                   static_cast<int>(ANDROID_PRIORITY_HIGHEST), // highest is negative
@@ -493,7 +498,7 @@
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseInterface(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseInterface(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     const std::string& interface_name = args[1];
     const std::string& instance_name = args[2];
 
@@ -524,7 +529,7 @@
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseIoprio(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseIoprio(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     if (!ParseInt(args[2], &ioprio_pri_, 0, 7)) {
         return Error() << "priority value must be range 0 - 7";
     }
@@ -542,36 +547,53 @@
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseKeycodes(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    for (std::size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); i++) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseKeycodes(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    auto it = args.begin() + 1;
+    if (args.size() == 2 && StartsWith(args[1], "$")) {
+        std::string expanded;
+        if (!expand_props(args[1], &expanded)) {
+            return Error() << "Could not expand property '" << args[1] << "'";
+        }
+
+        // If the property is not set, it defaults to none, in which case there are no keycodes
+        // for this service.
+        if (expanded == "none") {
+            return Success();
+        }
+
+        args = Split(expanded, ",");
+        it = args.begin();
+    }
+
+    for (; it != args.end(); ++it) {
         int code;
-        if (ParseInt(args[i], &code, 0, KEY_MAX)) {
+        if (ParseInt(*it, &code, 0, KEY_MAX)) {
             for (auto& key : keycodes_) {
-                if (key == code) return Error() << "duplicate keycode: " << args[i];
+                if (key == code) return Error() << "duplicate keycode: " << *it;
             }
             keycodes_.insert(std::upper_bound(keycodes_.begin(), keycodes_.end(), code), code);
         } else {
-            return Error() << "invalid keycode: " << args[i];
+            return Error() << "invalid keycode: " << *it;
         }
     }
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseOneshot(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseOneshot(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     flags_ |= SVC_ONESHOT;
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseOnrestart(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    std::vector<std::string> str_args(args.begin() + 1, args.end());
+Result<Success> Service::ParseOnrestart(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    args.erase(args.begin());
     int line = onrestart_.NumCommands() + 1;
-    if (auto result = onrestart_.AddCommand(str_args, line); !result) {
+    if (auto result = onrestart_.AddCommand(std::move(args), line); !result) {
         return Error() << "cannot add Onrestart command: " << result.error();
     }
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseNamespace(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseNamespace(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     for (size_t i = 1; i < args.size(); i++) {
         if (args[i] == "pid") {
             namespace_flags_ |= CLONE_NEWPID;
@@ -586,40 +608,52 @@
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseOomScoreAdjust(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseOomScoreAdjust(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     if (!ParseInt(args[1], &oom_score_adjust_, -1000, 1000)) {
         return Error() << "oom_score_adjust value must be in range -1000 - +1000";
     }
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseOverride(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseOverride(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     override_ = true;
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseMemcgSwappiness(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseMemcgSwappiness(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     if (!ParseInt(args[1], &swappiness_, 0)) {
         return Error() << "swappiness value must be equal or greater than 0";
     }
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseMemcgLimitInBytes(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseMemcgLimitInBytes(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     if (!ParseInt(args[1], &limit_in_bytes_, 0)) {
         return Error() << "limit_in_bytes value must be equal or greater than 0";
     }
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseMemcgSoftLimitInBytes(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseMemcgLimitPercent(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &limit_percent_, 0)) {
+        return Error() << "limit_percent value must be equal or greater than 0";
+    }
+    return Success();
+}
+
+Result<Success> Service::ParseMemcgLimitProperty(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    limit_property_ = std::move(args[1]);
+    return Success();
+}
+
+Result<Success> Service::ParseMemcgSoftLimitInBytes(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     if (!ParseInt(args[1], &soft_limit_in_bytes_, 0)) {
         return Error() << "soft_limit_in_bytes value must be equal or greater than 0";
     }
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseProcessRlimit(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseProcessRlimit(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     auto rlimit = ParseRlimit(args);
     if (!rlimit) return rlimit.error();
 
@@ -627,22 +661,31 @@
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseSeclabel(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    seclabel_ = args[1];
+Result<Success> Service::ParseRestartPeriod(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    int period;
+    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &period, 5)) {
+        return Error() << "restart_period value must be an integer >= 5";
+    }
+    restart_period_ = std::chrono::seconds(period);
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseSigstop(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseSeclabel(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    seclabel_ = std::move(args[1]);
+    return Success();
+}
+
+Result<Success> Service::ParseSigstop(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     sigstop_ = true;
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseSetenv(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    environment_vars_.emplace_back(args[1], args[2]);
+Result<Success> Service::ParseSetenv(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    environment_vars_.emplace_back(std::move(args[1]), std::move(args[2]));
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseShutdown(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseShutdown(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     if (args[1] == "critical") {
         flags_ |= SVC_SHUTDOWN_CRITICAL;
         return Success();
@@ -650,8 +693,17 @@
     return Error() << "Invalid shutdown option";
 }
 
+Result<Success> Service::ParseTimeoutPeriod(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    int period;
+    if (!ParseInt(args[1], &period, 1)) {
+        return Error() << "timeout_period value must be an integer >= 1";
+    }
+    timeout_period_ = std::chrono::seconds(period);
+    return Success();
+}
+
 template <typename T>
-Result<Success> Service::AddDescriptor(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::AddDescriptor(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     int perm = args.size() > 3 ? std::strtoul(args[3].c_str(), 0, 8) : -1;
     Result<uid_t> uid = 0;
     Result<gid_t> gid = 0;
@@ -686,26 +738,26 @@
 }
 
 // name type perm [ uid gid context ]
-Result<Success> Service::ParseSocket(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseSocket(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     if (!StartsWith(args[2], "dgram") && !StartsWith(args[2], "stream") &&
         !StartsWith(args[2], "seqpacket")) {
         return Error() << "socket type must be 'dgram', 'stream' or 'seqpacket'";
     }
-    return AddDescriptor<SocketInfo>(args);
+    return AddDescriptor<SocketInfo>(std::move(args));
 }
 
 // name type perm [ uid gid context ]
-Result<Success> Service::ParseFile(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseFile(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     if (args[2] != "r" && args[2] != "w" && args[2] != "rw") {
         return Error() << "file type must be 'r', 'w' or 'rw'";
     }
     if ((args[1][0] != '/') || (args[1].find("../") != std::string::npos)) {
         return Error() << "file name must not be relative";
     }
-    return AddDescriptor<FileInfo>(args);
+    return AddDescriptor<FileInfo>(std::move(args));
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseUser(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseUser(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     auto uid = DecodeUid(args[1]);
     if (!uid) {
         return Error() << "Unable to find UID for '" << args[1] << "': " << uid.error();
@@ -714,8 +766,14 @@
     return Success();
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseWritepid(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    writepid_files_.assign(args.begin() + 1, args.end());
+Result<Success> Service::ParseWritepid(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    args.erase(args.begin());
+    writepid_files_ = std::move(args);
+    return Success();
+}
+
+Result<Success> Service::ParseUpdatable(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
+    updatable_ = true;
     return Success();
 }
 
@@ -746,6 +804,10 @@
         {"keycodes",    {1,     kMax, &Service::ParseKeycodes}},
         {"memcg.limit_in_bytes",
                         {1,     1,    &Service::ParseMemcgLimitInBytes}},
+        {"memcg.limit_percent",
+                        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseMemcgLimitPercent}},
+        {"memcg.limit_property",
+                        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseMemcgLimitProperty}},
         {"memcg.soft_limit_in_bytes",
                         {1,     1,    &Service::ParseMemcgSoftLimitInBytes}},
         {"memcg.swappiness",
@@ -757,12 +819,17 @@
                         {1,     1,    &Service::ParseOomScoreAdjust}},
         {"override",    {0,     0,    &Service::ParseOverride}},
         {"priority",    {1,     1,    &Service::ParsePriority}},
+        {"restart_period",
+                        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseRestartPeriod}},
         {"rlimit",      {3,     3,    &Service::ParseProcessRlimit}},
         {"seclabel",    {1,     1,    &Service::ParseSeclabel}},
         {"setenv",      {2,     2,    &Service::ParseSetenv}},
         {"shutdown",    {1,     1,    &Service::ParseShutdown}},
         {"sigstop",     {0,     0,    &Service::ParseSigstop}},
         {"socket",      {3,     6,    &Service::ParseSocket}},
+        {"timeout_period",
+                        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseTimeoutPeriod}},
+        {"updatable",   {0,     0,    &Service::ParseUpdatable}},
         {"user",        {1,     1,    &Service::ParseUser}},
         {"writepid",    {1,     kMax, &Service::ParseWritepid}},
     };
@@ -770,16 +837,23 @@
     return option_parsers;
 }
 
-Result<Success> Service::ParseLine(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+Result<Success> Service::ParseLine(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     static const OptionParserMap parser_map;
     auto parser = parser_map.FindFunction(args);
 
     if (!parser) return parser.error();
 
-    return std::invoke(*parser, this, args);
+    return std::invoke(*parser, this, std::move(args));
 }
 
 Result<Success> Service::ExecStart() {
+    if (is_updatable() && !ServiceList::GetInstance().IsServicesUpdated()) {
+        // Don't delay the service for ExecStart() as the semantic is that
+        // the caller might depend on the side effect of the execution.
+        return Error() << "Cannot start an updatable service '" << name_
+                       << "' before configs from APEXes are all loaded";
+    }
+
     flags_ |= SVC_ONESHOT;
 
     if (auto result = Start(); !result) {
@@ -797,6 +871,13 @@
 }
 
 Result<Success> Service::Start() {
+    if (is_updatable() && !ServiceList::GetInstance().IsServicesUpdated()) {
+        ServiceList::GetInstance().DelayService(*this);
+        return Error() << "Cannot start an updatable service '" << name_
+                       << "' before configs from APEXes are all loaded. "
+                       << "Queued for execution.";
+    }
+
     bool disabled = (flags_ & (SVC_DISABLED | SVC_RESET));
     // Starting a service removes it from the disabled or reset state and
     // immediately takes it out of the restarting state if it was in there.
@@ -960,11 +1041,13 @@
     start_order_ = next_start_order_++;
     process_cgroup_empty_ = false;
 
-    errno = -createProcessGroup(uid_, pid_);
+    bool use_memcg = swappiness_ != -1 || soft_limit_in_bytes_ != -1 || limit_in_bytes_ != -1 ||
+                      limit_percent_ != -1 || !limit_property_.empty();
+    errno = -createProcessGroup(uid_, pid_, use_memcg);
     if (errno != 0) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "createProcessGroup(" << uid_ << ", " << pid_ << ") failed for service '"
                     << name_ << "'";
-    } else {
+    } else if (use_memcg) {
         if (swappiness_ != -1) {
             if (!setProcessGroupSwappiness(uid_, pid_, swappiness_)) {
                 PLOG(ERROR) << "setProcessGroupSwappiness failed";
@@ -977,8 +1060,29 @@
             }
         }
 
-        if (limit_in_bytes_ != -1) {
-            if (!setProcessGroupLimit(uid_, pid_, limit_in_bytes_)) {
+        size_t computed_limit_in_bytes = limit_in_bytes_;
+        if (limit_percent_ != -1) {
+            long page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+            long num_pages = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
+            if (page_size > 0 && num_pages > 0) {
+                size_t max_mem = SIZE_MAX;
+                if (size_t(num_pages) < SIZE_MAX / size_t(page_size)) {
+                    max_mem = size_t(num_pages) * size_t(page_size);
+                }
+                computed_limit_in_bytes =
+                        std::min(computed_limit_in_bytes, max_mem / 100 * limit_percent_);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!limit_property_.empty()) {
+            // This ends up overwriting computed_limit_in_bytes but only if the
+            // property is defined.
+            computed_limit_in_bytes = android::base::GetUintProperty(
+                    limit_property_, computed_limit_in_bytes, SIZE_MAX);
+        }
+
+        if (computed_limit_in_bytes != size_t(-1)) {
+            if (!setProcessGroupLimit(uid_, pid_, computed_limit_in_bytes)) {
                 PLOG(ERROR) << "setProcessGroupLimit failed";
             }
         }
@@ -1022,6 +1126,18 @@
     }
 }
 
+void Service::Timeout() {
+    // All process state flags will be taken care of in Reap(), we really just want to kill the
+    // process here when it times out.  Oneshot processes will transition to be disabled, and
+    // all other processes will transition to be restarting.
+    LOG(INFO) << "Service '" << name_ << "' expired its timeout of " << timeout_period_->count()
+              << " seconds and will now be killed";
+    if (pid_) {
+        KillProcessGroup(SIGKILL);
+        NotifyStateChange("stopping");
+    }
+}
+
 void Service::Restart() {
     if (flags_ & SVC_RUNNING) {
         /* Stop, wait, then start the service. */
@@ -1191,6 +1307,32 @@
     }
 }
 
+void ServiceList::MarkServicesUpdate() {
+    services_update_finished_ = true;
+
+    // start the delayed services
+    for (const auto& name : delayed_service_names_) {
+        Service* service = FindService(name);
+        if (service == nullptr) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "delayed service '" << name << "' could not be found.";
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (auto result = service->Start(); !result) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << result.error_string();
+        }
+    }
+    delayed_service_names_.clear();
+}
+
+void ServiceList::DelayService(const Service& service) {
+    if (services_update_finished_) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Cannot delay the start of service '" << service.name()
+                   << "' because all services are already updated. Ignoring.";
+        return;
+    }
+    delayed_service_names_.emplace_back(service.name());
+}
+
 Result<Success> ServiceParser::ParseSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args,
                                             const std::string& filename, int line) {
     if (args.size() < 3) {
@@ -1202,6 +1344,8 @@
         return Error() << "invalid service name '" << name << "'";
     }
 
+    filename_ = filename;
+
     Subcontext* restart_action_subcontext = nullptr;
     if (subcontexts_) {
         for (auto& subcontext : *subcontexts_) {
@@ -1237,6 +1381,11 @@
                                << "'";
             }
 
+            if (StartsWith(filename_, "/apex/") && !old_service->is_updatable()) {
+                return Error() << "cannot update a non-updatable service '" << service_->name()
+                               << "' with a config in APEX";
+            }
+
             service_list_->RemoveService(*old_service);
             old_service = nullptr;
         }
diff --git a/init/service.h b/init/service.h
index ea79a07..56e75b0 100644
--- a/init/service.h
+++ b/init/service.h
@@ -21,7 +21,9 @@
 #include <sys/resource.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <memory>
+#include <optional>
 #include <set>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@
 #define SVC_RUNNING 0x004         // currently active
 #define SVC_RESTARTING 0x008      // waiting to restart
 #define SVC_CONSOLE 0x010         // requires console
-#define SVC_CRITICAL 0x020        // will reboot into recovery if keeps crashing
+#define SVC_CRITICAL 0x020        // will reboot into bootloader if keeps crashing
 #define SVC_RESET 0x040           // Use when stopping a process,
                                   // but not disabling so it can be restarted with its class.
 #define SVC_RC_DISABLED 0x080     // Remember if the disabled flag was set in the rc script.
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@
     static std::unique_ptr<Service> MakeTemporaryOneshotService(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
 
     bool IsRunning() { return (flags_ & SVC_RUNNING) != 0; }
-    Result<Success> ParseLine(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseLine(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
     Result<Success> ExecStart();
     Result<Success> Start();
     Result<Success> StartIfNotDisabled();
@@ -81,6 +83,7 @@
     void Reset();
     void Stop();
     void Terminate();
+    void Timeout();
     void Restart();
     void Reap(const siginfo_t& siginfo);
     void DumpState() const;
@@ -117,10 +120,13 @@
     bool process_cgroup_empty() const { return process_cgroup_empty_; }
     unsigned long start_order() const { return start_order_; }
     void set_sigstop(bool value) { sigstop_ = value; }
+    std::chrono::seconds restart_period() const { return restart_period_; }
+    std::optional<std::chrono::seconds> timeout_period() const { return timeout_period_; }
     const std::vector<std::string>& args() const { return args_; }
+    bool is_updatable() const { return updatable_; }
 
   private:
-    using OptionParser = Result<Success> (Service::*)(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    using OptionParser = Result<Success> (Service::*)(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
     class OptionParserMap;
 
     Result<Success> SetUpMountNamespace() const;
@@ -133,37 +139,42 @@
     void KillProcessGroup(int signal);
     void SetProcessAttributes();
 
-    Result<Success> ParseCapabilities(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseClass(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseConsole(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseCritical(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseDisabled(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseEnterNamespace(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseGroup(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParsePriority(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseInterface(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseIoprio(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseKeycodes(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseOneshot(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseOnrestart(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseOomScoreAdjust(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseOverride(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseMemcgLimitInBytes(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseMemcgSoftLimitInBytes(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseMemcgSwappiness(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseNamespace(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseProcessRlimit(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseSeclabel(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseSetenv(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseShutdown(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseSigstop(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseSocket(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseFile(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseUser(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
-    Result<Success> ParseWritepid(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseCapabilities(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseClass(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseConsole(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseCritical(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseDisabled(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseEnterNamespace(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseGroup(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParsePriority(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseInterface(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseIoprio(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseKeycodes(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseOneshot(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseOnrestart(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseOomScoreAdjust(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseOverride(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseMemcgLimitInBytes(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseMemcgLimitPercent(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseMemcgLimitProperty(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseMemcgSoftLimitInBytes(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseMemcgSwappiness(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseNamespace(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseProcessRlimit(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseRestartPeriod(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseSeclabel(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseSetenv(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseShutdown(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseSigstop(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseSocket(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseTimeoutPeriod(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseFile(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseUser(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseWritepid(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
+    Result<Success> ParseUpdatable(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
 
     template <typename T>
-    Result<Success> AddDescriptor(const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+    Result<Success> AddDescriptor(std::vector<std::string>&& args);
 
     static unsigned long next_start_order_;
     static bool is_exec_service_running_;
@@ -206,9 +217,12 @@
 
     int oom_score_adjust_;
 
-    int swappiness_;
-    int soft_limit_in_bytes_;
-    int limit_in_bytes_;
+    int swappiness_ = -1;
+    int soft_limit_in_bytes_ = -1;
+
+    int limit_in_bytes_ = -1;
+    int limit_percent_ = -1;
+    std::string limit_property_;
 
     bool process_cgroup_empty_ = false;
 
@@ -220,6 +234,11 @@
 
     bool sigstop_ = false;
 
+    std::chrono::seconds restart_period_ = 5s;
+    std::optional<std::chrono::seconds> timeout_period_;
+
+    bool updatable_ = false;
+
     std::vector<std::string> args_;
 
     std::vector<std::function<void(const siginfo_t& siginfo)>> reap_callbacks_;
@@ -264,8 +283,15 @@
     const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Service>>& services() const { return services_; }
     const std::vector<Service*> services_in_shutdown_order() const;
 
+    void MarkServicesUpdate();
+    bool IsServicesUpdated() const { return services_update_finished_; }
+    void DelayService(const Service& service);
+
   private:
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Service>> services_;
+
+    bool services_update_finished_ = false;
+    std::vector<std::string> delayed_service_names_;
 };
 
 class ServiceParser : public SectionParser {
@@ -276,6 +302,7 @@
                                  int line) override;
     Result<Success> ParseLineSection(std::vector<std::string>&& args, int line) override;
     Result<Success> EndSection() override;
+    void EndFile() override { filename_ = ""; }
 
   private:
     bool IsValidName(const std::string& name) const;
@@ -283,6 +310,7 @@
     ServiceList* service_list_;
     std::vector<Subcontext>* subcontexts_;
     std::unique_ptr<Service> service_;
+    std::string filename_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace init
diff --git a/init/stable_properties.h b/init/stable_properties.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 4972d10..0000000
--- a/init/stable_properties.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef _INIT_STABLE_PROPERTIES_H
-#define _INIT_STABLE_PROPERTIES_H
-
-#include <set>
-#include <string>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace init {
-
-static constexpr const char* kPartnerPrefixes[] = {
-    "init.svc.vendor.", "ro.vendor.", "persist.vendor.", "vendor.", "init.svc.odm.", "ro.odm.",
-    "persist.odm.",     "odm.",       "ro.boot.",
-};
-
-static const std::set<std::string> kExportedActionableProperties = {
-    "dev.bootcomplete",
-    "init.svc.console",
-    "init.svc.mediadrm",
-    "init.svc.surfaceflinger",
-    "init.svc.zygote",
-    "persist.bluetooth.btsnoopenable",
-    "persist.sys.crash_rcu",
-    "persist.sys.usb.usbradio.config",
-    "persist.sys.zram_enabled",
-    "ro.board.platform",
-    "ro.bootmode",
-    "ro.build.type",
-    "ro.crypto.state",
-    "ro.crypto.type",
-    "ro.debuggable",
-    "sys.boot_completed",
-    "sys.boot_from_charger_mode",
-    "sys.retaildemo.enabled",
-    "sys.shutdown.requested",
-    "sys.usb.config",
-    "sys.usb.configfs",
-    "sys.usb.ffs.mtp.ready",
-    "sys.usb.ffs.ready",
-    "sys.user.0.ce_available",
-    "sys.vdso",
-    "vold.decrypt",
-    "vold.post_fs_data_done",
-    "vts.native_server.on",
-    "wlan.driver.status",
-};
-
-}  // namespace init
-}  // namespace android
-
-#endif
diff --git a/init/subcontext.cpp b/init/subcontext.cpp
index c2a21d4..092c51c 100644
--- a/init/subcontext.cpp
+++ b/init/subcontext.cpp
@@ -62,7 +62,9 @@
 Result<std::string> ReadMessage(int socket) {
     char buffer[kBufferSize] = {};
     auto result = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(recv(socket, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0));
-    if (result <= 0) {
+    if (result == 0) {
+        return Error();
+    } else if (result < 0) {
         return ErrnoError();
     }
     return std::string(buffer, result);
@@ -175,6 +177,12 @@
 
         auto init_message = ReadMessage(init_fd_);
         if (!init_message) {
+            if (init_message.error_errno() == 0) {
+                // If the init file descriptor was closed, let's exit quietly. If
+                // this was accidental, init will restart us. If init died, this
+                // avoids calling abort(3) unnecessarily.
+                return;
+            }
             LOG(FATAL) << "Could not read message from init: " << init_message.error();
         }
 
diff --git a/init/subcontext_benchmark.cpp b/init/subcontext_benchmark.cpp
index 6307993..eae03e3 100644
--- a/init/subcontext_benchmark.cpp
+++ b/init/subcontext_benchmark.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
     free(context);
 
     while (state.KeepRunning()) {
-        subcontext.Execute(std::vector<std::string>{"return_success"});
+        subcontext.Execute(std::vector<std::string>{"return_success"}).IgnoreError();
     }
 
     if (subcontext.pid() > 0) {
diff --git a/init/switch_root.cpp b/init/switch_root.cpp
index 0e59b57..575b67f 100644
--- a/init/switch_root.cpp
+++ b/init/switch_root.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 #include "switch_root.h"
 
-#include <dirent.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <mntent.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
@@ -35,45 +34,6 @@
 
 namespace {
 
-void FreeRamdisk(DIR* dir, dev_t dev) {
-    int dfd = dirfd(dir);
-
-    dirent* de;
-    while ((de = readdir(dir)) != nullptr) {
-        if (de->d_name == "."s || de->d_name == ".."s) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        bool is_dir = false;
-
-        if (de->d_type == DT_DIR || de->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN) {
-            struct stat info;
-            if (fstatat(dfd, de->d_name, &info, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) != 0) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (info.st_dev != dev) {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (S_ISDIR(info.st_mode)) {
-                is_dir = true;
-                auto fd = openat(dfd, de->d_name, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
-                if (fd >= 0) {
-                    auto subdir =
-                            std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)>{fdopendir(fd), closedir};
-                    if (subdir) {
-                        FreeRamdisk(subdir.get(), dev);
-                    } else {
-                        close(fd);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        unlinkat(dfd, de->d_name, is_dir ? AT_REMOVEDIR : 0);
-    }
-}
-
 std::vector<std::string> GetMounts(const std::string& new_root) {
     auto fp = std::unique_ptr<std::FILE, decltype(&endmntent)>{setmntent("/proc/mounts", "re"),
                                                                endmntent};
@@ -112,24 +72,16 @@
 void SwitchRoot(const std::string& new_root) {
     auto mounts = GetMounts(new_root);
 
+    LOG(INFO) << "Switching root to '" << new_root << "'";
+
     for (const auto& mount_path : mounts) {
         auto new_mount_path = new_root + mount_path;
+        mkdir(new_mount_path.c_str(), 0755);
         if (mount(mount_path.c_str(), new_mount_path.c_str(), nullptr, MS_MOVE, nullptr) != 0) {
             PLOG(FATAL) << "Unable to move mount at '" << mount_path << "'";
         }
     }
 
-    auto old_root_dir = std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)>{opendir("/"), closedir};
-    if (!old_root_dir) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not opendir(\"/\"), not freeing ramdisk";
-    }
-
-    struct stat old_root_info;
-    if (stat("/", &old_root_info) != 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not stat(\"/\"), not freeing ramdisk";
-        old_root_dir.reset();
-    }
-
     if (chdir(new_root.c_str()) != 0) {
         PLOG(FATAL) << "Could not chdir to new_root, '" << new_root << "'";
     }
@@ -141,10 +93,6 @@
     if (chroot(".") != 0) {
         PLOG(FATAL) << "Unable to chroot to new root";
     }
-
-    if (old_root_dir) {
-        FreeRamdisk(old_root_dir.get(), old_root_info.st_dev);
-    }
 }
 
 }  // namespace init
diff --git a/init/tokenizer.cpp b/init/tokenizer.cpp
index bb143f1..7e05a0a 100644
--- a/init/tokenizer.cpp
+++ b/init/tokenizer.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "tokenizer.h"
 
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
@@ -106,6 +108,7 @@
                     continue;
                 }
                 x++;
+                FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
             case '\n':
                     /* \ <lf> -> line continuation */
                 state->line++;
diff --git a/init/uevent_listener.cpp b/init/uevent_listener.cpp
index 8cf2128..62cd2be 100644
--- a/init/uevent_listener.cpp
+++ b/init/uevent_listener.cpp
@@ -86,9 +86,8 @@
     }
 }
 
-UeventListener::UeventListener() {
-    // is 2MB enough? udev uses 128MB!
-    device_fd_.reset(uevent_open_socket(2 * 1024 * 1024, true));
+UeventListener::UeventListener(size_t uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size) {
+    device_fd_.reset(uevent_open_socket(uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size, true));
     if (device_fd_ == -1) {
         LOG(FATAL) << "Could not open uevent socket";
     }
diff --git a/init/uevent_listener.h b/init/uevent_listener.h
index 5b453fe..aea094e 100644
--- a/init/uevent_listener.h
+++ b/init/uevent_listener.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 
 class UeventListener {
   public:
-    UeventListener();
+    UeventListener(size_t uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size);
 
     void RegenerateUevents(const ListenerCallback& callback) const;
     ListenerAction RegenerateUeventsForPath(const std::string& path,
diff --git a/init/ueventd.cpp b/init/ueventd.cpp
index 95be6af..7545d53 100644
--- a/init/ueventd.cpp
+++ b/init/ueventd.cpp
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
     //
     // When a subprocess crashes, we fatally abort from ueventd.  init will restart ueventd when
     // init reaps it, and the cold boot process will start again.  If this continues to fail, then
-    // since ueventd is marked as a critical service, init will reboot to recovery.
+    // since ueventd is marked as a critical service, init will reboot to bootloader.
     //
     // When a subprocess gets stuck, keep ueventd spinning waiting for it.  init has a timeout for
     // cold boot and will reboot to the bootloader if ueventd does not complete in time.
@@ -233,29 +233,26 @@
     SelabelInitialize();
 
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<UeventHandler>> uevent_handlers;
-    UeventListener uevent_listener;
 
-    {
-        // Keep the current product name base configuration so we remain backwards compatible and
-        // allow it to override everything.
-        // TODO: cleanup platform ueventd.rc to remove vendor specific device node entries (b/34968103)
-        auto hardware = android::base::GetProperty("ro.hardware", "");
+    // Keep the current product name base configuration so we remain backwards compatible and
+    // allow it to override everything.
+    // TODO: cleanup platform ueventd.rc to remove vendor specific device node entries (b/34968103)
+    auto hardware = android::base::GetProperty("ro.hardware", "");
 
-        auto ueventd_configuration =
-                ParseConfig({"/ueventd.rc", "/vendor/ueventd.rc", "/odm/ueventd.rc",
-                             "/ueventd." + hardware + ".rc"});
+    auto ueventd_configuration = ParseConfig({"/ueventd.rc", "/vendor/ueventd.rc",
+                                              "/odm/ueventd.rc", "/ueventd." + hardware + ".rc"});
 
-        uevent_handlers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<DeviceHandler>(
-                std::move(ueventd_configuration.dev_permissions),
-                std::move(ueventd_configuration.sysfs_permissions),
-                std::move(ueventd_configuration.subsystems), fs_mgr_get_boot_devices(), true));
-        uevent_handlers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<FirmwareHandler>(
-                std::move(ueventd_configuration.firmware_directories)));
+    uevent_handlers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<DeviceHandler>(
+            std::move(ueventd_configuration.dev_permissions),
+            std::move(ueventd_configuration.sysfs_permissions),
+            std::move(ueventd_configuration.subsystems), fs_mgr_get_boot_devices(), true));
+    uevent_handlers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<FirmwareHandler>(
+            std::move(ueventd_configuration.firmware_directories)));
 
-        if (ueventd_configuration.enable_modalias_handling) {
-            uevent_handlers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<ModaliasHandler>());
-        }
+    if (ueventd_configuration.enable_modalias_handling) {
+        uevent_handlers.emplace_back(std::make_unique<ModaliasHandler>());
     }
+    UeventListener uevent_listener(ueventd_configuration.uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size);
 
     if (access(COLDBOOT_DONE, F_OK) != 0) {
         ColdBoot cold_boot(uevent_listener, uevent_handlers);
diff --git a/init/ueventd_parser.cpp b/init/ueventd_parser.cpp
index 677938e..aac3fe5 100644
--- a/init/ueventd_parser.cpp
+++ b/init/ueventd_parser.cpp
@@ -19,9 +19,13 @@
 #include <grp.h>
 #include <pwd.h>
 
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+
 #include "keyword_map.h"
 #include "parser.h"
 
+using android::base::ParseByteCount;
+
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
@@ -101,6 +105,22 @@
     return Success();
 }
 
+Result<Success> ParseUeventSocketRcvbufSizeLine(std::vector<std::string>&& args,
+                                                size_t* uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size) {
+    if (args.size() != 2) {
+        return Error() << "uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size lines take exactly one parameter";
+    }
+
+    size_t parsed_size;
+    if (!ParseByteCount(args[1], &parsed_size)) {
+        return Error() << "could not parse size '" << args[1] << "' for uevent_socket_rcvbuf_line";
+    }
+
+    *uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size = parsed_size;
+
+    return Success();
+}
+
 class SubsystemParser : public SectionParser {
   public:
     SubsystemParser(std::vector<Subsystem>* subsystems) : subsystems_(subsystems) {}
@@ -202,6 +222,9 @@
     parser.AddSingleLineParser("modalias_handling",
                                std::bind(ParseModaliasHandlingLine, _1,
                                          &ueventd_configuration.enable_modalias_handling));
+    parser.AddSingleLineParser("uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size",
+                               std::bind(ParseUeventSocketRcvbufSizeLine, _1,
+                                         &ueventd_configuration.uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size));
 
     for (const auto& config : configs) {
         parser.ParseConfig(config);
diff --git a/init/ueventd_parser.h b/init/ueventd_parser.h
index 7d30edf..d476dec 100644
--- a/init/ueventd_parser.h
+++ b/init/ueventd_parser.h
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
     std::vector<Permissions> dev_permissions;
     std::vector<std::string> firmware_directories;
     bool enable_modalias_handling = false;
+    size_t uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size = 0;
 };
 
 UeventdConfiguration ParseConfig(const std::vector<std::string>& configs);
diff --git a/init/ueventd_parser_test.cpp b/init/ueventd_parser_test.cpp
index 31208b9..9c1cedf 100644
--- a/init/ueventd_parser_test.cpp
+++ b/init/ueventd_parser_test.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "ueventd_parser.h"
 
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
@@ -138,6 +138,15 @@
     TestUeventdFile(ueventd_file, {{}, {}, {}, firmware_directories});
 }
 
+TEST(ueventd_parser, UeventSocketRcvbufSize) {
+    auto ueventd_file = R"(
+uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size 8k
+uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size 8M
+)";
+
+    TestUeventdFile(ueventd_file, {{}, {}, {}, {}, false, 8 * 1024 * 1024});
+}
+
 TEST(ueventd_parser, AllTogether) {
     auto ueventd_file = R"(
 
@@ -169,6 +178,8 @@
 /sys/devices/virtual/*/input   poll_delay  0660  root   input
 firmware_directories /more
 
+uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size 6M
+
 #ending comment
 )";
 
@@ -197,8 +208,10 @@
             "/more",
     };
 
-    TestUeventdFile(ueventd_file,
-                    {subsystems, sysfs_permissions, permissions, firmware_directories});
+    size_t uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size = 6 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+    TestUeventdFile(ueventd_file, {subsystems, sysfs_permissions, permissions, firmware_directories,
+                                   false, uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size});
 }
 
 // All of these lines are ill-formed, so test that there is 0 output.
@@ -213,6 +226,8 @@
 /sys/devices/platform/trusty.*      trusty_version        0440  baduidbad   log
 /sys/devices/platform/trusty.*      trusty_version        0440  root   baduidbad
 
+uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size blah
+
 subsystem #no name
 
 )";
diff --git a/init/ueventd_test.cpp b/init/ueventd_test.cpp
index 7290051..bfdc28e 100644
--- a/init/ueventd_test.cpp
+++ b/init/ueventd_test.cpp
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <selinux/android.h>
 #include <selinux/label.h>
diff --git a/init/util.cpp b/init/util.cpp
index 105ac87..3781141 100644
--- a/init/util.cpp
+++ b/init/util.cpp
@@ -436,5 +436,21 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+void InitKernelLogging(char** argv, std::function<void(const char*)> abort_function) {
+    // Make stdin/stdout/stderr all point to /dev/null.
+    int fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDWR);
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        int saved_errno = errno;
+        android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger, std::move(abort_function));
+        errno = saved_errno;
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "Couldn't open /dev/null";
+    }
+    dup2(fd, 0);
+    dup2(fd, 1);
+    dup2(fd, 2);
+    if (fd > 2) close(fd);
+    android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger, std::move(abort_function));
+}
+
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/util.h b/init/util.h
index 07e4864..53f4547 100644
--- a/init/util.h
+++ b/init/util.h
@@ -64,6 +64,8 @@
 
 bool IsLegalPropertyName(const std::string& name);
 
+void InitKernelLogging(char** argv, std::function<void(const char*)> abort_function);
+
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
 
diff --git a/init/util_test.cpp b/init/util_test.cpp
index 3ae53a4..1b5afba 100644
--- a/init/util_test.cpp
+++ b/init/util_test.cpp
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
diff --git a/janitors/OWNERS b/janitors/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0610b41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/janitors/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# OWNERS file for projects that don't really have owners so much as volunteer janitors.
+enh@google.com
+hhb@google.com
+narayan@google.com
diff --git a/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.cc b/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.cc
index 8b0c53e..ac94e69 100644
--- a/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.cc
+++ b/libappfuse/FuseBridgeLoop.cc
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@
 };
 
 FuseBridgeLoop::FuseBridgeLoop() : opened_(true) {
-    base::unique_fd epoll_fd(epoll_create1(/* no flag */ 0));
+    base::unique_fd epoll_fd(epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC));
     if (epoll_fd.get() == -1) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open FD for epoll";
         opened_ = false;
diff --git a/libbacktrace/Android.bp b/libbacktrace/Android.bp
index a10e636..7f9a18a 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/Android.bp
+++ b/libbacktrace/Android.bp
@@ -27,15 +27,6 @@
             enabled: false,
         },
     },
-
-    multilib: {
-        lib32: {
-            suffix: "32",
-        },
-        lib64: {
-            suffix: "64",
-        },
-    },
 }
 
 libbacktrace_sources = [
@@ -89,35 +80,26 @@
                 "libbase",
                 "liblog",
                 "libunwindstack",
-                "libdexfile",
             ],
 
             static_libs: [
                 "libprocinfo",
             ],
-
-            // libdexfile will eventually properly export headers, for now
-            // include these directly.
-            include_dirs: [
-                "art/runtime",
-            ],
         },
         android: {
             static_libs: ["libasync_safe"],
         },
         vendor: {
             cflags: ["-DNO_LIBDEXFILE_SUPPORT"],
-            exclude_shared_libs: ["libdexfile"],
         },
         recovery: {
             cflags: ["-DNO_LIBDEXFILE_SUPPORT"],
-            exclude_shared_libs: ["libdexfile"],
         },
     },
     whole_static_libs: ["libdemangle"],
 }
 
-cc_library_shared {
+cc_test_library {
     name: "libbacktrace_test",
     defaults: ["libbacktrace_common"],
     host_supported: true,
@@ -130,6 +112,17 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "libunwindstack",
     ],
+    relative_install_path: "backtrace_test_libs",
+
+    target: {
+        linux_glibc: {
+            // This forces the creation of eh_frame with unwind information
+            // for host.
+            cflags: [
+                "-fcxx-exceptions"
+            ],
+        },
+    },
 }
 
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -137,12 +130,12 @@
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 cc_test {
     name: "backtrace_test",
+    isolated: true,
     defaults: ["libbacktrace_common"],
     host_supported: true,
     srcs: [
         "backtrace_offline_test.cpp",
         "backtrace_test.cpp",
-        "GetPss.cpp",
     ],
 
     cflags: [
@@ -152,9 +145,7 @@
     ],
 
     shared_libs: [
-        "libbacktrace_test",
         "libbacktrace",
-        "libdexfile",
         "libbase",
         "liblog",
         "libunwindstack",
@@ -162,22 +153,9 @@
 
     group_static_libs: true,
 
-    target: {
-        android: {
-            cflags: ["-DENABLE_PSS_TESTS"],
-            shared_libs: [
-                "libutils",
-            ],
-        },
-        linux_glibc: {
-            static_libs: ["libutils"],
-        },
-    },
-
-    // libdexfile will eventually properly export headers, for now
-    // include these directly.
-    include_dirs: [
-        "art/runtime",
+    // So that the dlopen can find the libbacktrace_test.so.
+    ldflags: [
+        "-Wl,--rpath,${ORIGIN}/../backtrace_test_libs",
     ],
 
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
diff --git a/libbacktrace/BacktraceCurrent.cpp b/libbacktrace/BacktraceCurrent.cpp
index 39cb995..038b59e 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/BacktraceCurrent.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/BacktraceCurrent.cpp
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
     return UnwindFromContext(num_ignore_frames, ucontext);
   }
 
-  if (Tid() != android::base::GetThreadId()) {
+  if (Tid() != static_cast<pid_t>(android::base::GetThreadId())) {
     return UnwindThread(num_ignore_frames);
   }
 
diff --git a/libbacktrace/BacktraceTest.h b/libbacktrace/BacktraceTest.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c38af04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libbacktrace/BacktraceTest.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBBACKTRACE_BACKTRACE_TEST_H
+#define _LIBBACKTRACE_BACKTRACE_TEST_H
+
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+class BacktraceTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+    dl_handle_ = dlopen("libbacktrace_test.so", RTLD_NOW | RTLD_LOCAL);
+
+    test_level_one_ = reinterpret_cast<int (*)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*)>(
+        dlsym(dl_handle_, "test_level_one"));
+
+    test_level_two_ = reinterpret_cast<int (*)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*)>(
+        dlsym(dl_handle_, "test_level_two"));
+
+    test_level_three_ = reinterpret_cast<int (*)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*)>(
+        dlsym(dl_handle_, "test_level_three"));
+
+    test_level_four_ = reinterpret_cast<int (*)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*)>(
+        dlsym(dl_handle_, "test_level_four"));
+
+    test_recursive_call_ = reinterpret_cast<int (*)(int, void (*)(void*), void*)>(
+        dlsym(dl_handle_, "test_recursive_call"));
+
+    test_get_context_and_wait_ = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(void*, volatile int*)>(
+        dlsym(dl_handle_, "test_get_context_and_wait"));
+
+    test_signal_action_ =
+        reinterpret_cast<void (*)(int, siginfo_t*, void*)>(dlsym(dl_handle_, "test_signal_action"));
+
+    test_signal_handler_ =
+        reinterpret_cast<void (*)(int)>(dlsym(dl_handle_, "test_signal_handler"));
+  }
+
+  void SetUp() override {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(dl_handle_ != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(test_level_one_ != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(test_level_two_ != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(test_level_three_ != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(test_level_four_ != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(test_recursive_call_ != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(test_get_context_and_wait_ != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(test_signal_action_ != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(test_signal_handler_ != nullptr);
+  }
+
+ public:
+  static void* dl_handle_;
+  static int (*test_level_one_)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+  static int (*test_level_two_)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+  static int (*test_level_three_)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+  static int (*test_level_four_)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+  static int (*test_recursive_call_)(int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+  static void (*test_get_context_and_wait_)(void*, volatile int*);
+  static void (*test_signal_action_)(int, siginfo_t*, void*);
+  static void (*test_signal_handler_)(int);
+};
+
+#endif  // _LIBBACKTRACE_BACKTRACE_TEST_H
diff --git a/libbacktrace/GetPss.cpp b/libbacktrace/GetPss.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6d750ea..0000000
--- a/libbacktrace/GetPss.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-
-// This is an extremely simplified version of libpagemap.
-
-#define _BITS(x, offset, bits) (((x) >> (offset)) & ((1LL << (bits)) - 1))
-
-#define PAGEMAP_PRESENT(x)     (_BITS(x, 63, 1))
-#define PAGEMAP_SWAPPED(x)     (_BITS(x, 62, 1))
-#define PAGEMAP_SHIFT(x)       (_BITS(x, 55, 6))
-#define PAGEMAP_PFN(x)         (_BITS(x, 0, 55))
-#define PAGEMAP_SWAP_OFFSET(x) (_BITS(x, 5, 50))
-#define PAGEMAP_SWAP_TYPE(x)   (_BITS(x, 0,  5))
-
-static bool ReadData(int fd, off_t place, uint64_t *data) {
-  if (lseek(fd, place * sizeof(uint64_t), SEEK_SET) < 0) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (read(fd, (void*)data, sizeof(uint64_t)) != (ssize_t)sizeof(uint64_t)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-size_t GetPssBytes() {
-  FILE* maps = fopen("/proc/self/maps", "r");
-  if (maps == nullptr) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  int pagecount_fd = open("/proc/kpagecount", O_RDONLY);
-  if (pagecount_fd == -1) {
-    fclose(maps);
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  int pagemap_fd = open("/proc/self/pagemap", O_RDONLY);
-  if (pagemap_fd == -1) {
-    fclose(maps);
-    close(pagecount_fd);
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  char line[4096];
-  size_t total_pss = 0;
-  int pagesize = getpagesize();
-  while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), maps)) {
-    uintptr_t start, end;
-    if (sscanf(line, "%" SCNxPTR "-%" SCNxPTR " ", &start, &end) != 2) {
-      total_pss = 0;
-      break;
-    }
-    for (off_t page = static_cast<off_t>(start/pagesize);
-         page < static_cast<off_t>(end/pagesize); page++) {
-      uint64_t data;
-      if (ReadData(pagemap_fd, page, &data)) {
-        if (PAGEMAP_PRESENT(data) && !PAGEMAP_SWAPPED(data)) {
-          uint64_t count;
-          if (ReadData(pagecount_fd, static_cast<off_t>(PAGEMAP_PFN(data)), &count)) {
-            total_pss += (count >= 1) ? pagesize / count : 0;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  fclose(maps);
-
-  close(pagecount_fd);
-  close(pagemap_fd);
-
-  return total_pss;
-}
diff --git a/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.cpp b/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.cpp
index 4e7f761..f5f9b2a 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/UnwindStack.cpp
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@
   unwindstack::Unwinder unwinder(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES + num_ignore_frames, stack_map->stack_maps(),
                                  regs, stack_map->process_memory());
   unwinder.SetResolveNames(stack_map->ResolveNames());
+  stack_map->SetArch(regs->Arch());
   if (stack_map->GetJitDebug() != nullptr) {
     unwinder.SetJitDebug(stack_map->GetJitDebug(), regs->Arch());
   }
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@
     back_frame->map.name = frame->map_name;
     back_frame->map.start = frame->map_start;
     back_frame->map.end = frame->map_end;
-    back_frame->map.offset = frame->map_offset;
+    back_frame->map.offset = frame->map_elf_start_offset;
     back_frame->map.load_bias = frame->map_load_bias;
     back_frame->map.flags = frame->map_flags;
   }
diff --git a/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.cpp b/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.cpp
index d2d6ab8..9d15af2 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 #include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
 #include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
 #include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
 
 #include "UnwindStackMap.h"
 
@@ -106,7 +107,17 @@
     return "";
   }
 
-  unwindstack::Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(process_memory(), true);
+  if (arch_ == unwindstack::ARCH_UNKNOWN) {
+    if (pid_ == getpid()) {
+      arch_ = unwindstack::Regs::CurrentArch();
+    } else {
+      // Create a remote regs, to figure out the architecture.
+      std::unique_ptr<unwindstack::Regs> regs(unwindstack::Regs::RemoteGet(pid_));
+      arch_ = regs->Arch();
+    }
+  }
+
+  unwindstack::Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(process_memory(), arch_);
 
   std::string name;
   uint64_t func_offset;
diff --git a/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.h b/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.h
index 039f4a2..e19b605 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.h
+++ b/libbacktrace/UnwindStackMap.h
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #if !defined(NO_LIBDEXFILE_SUPPORT)
 #include <unwindstack/DexFiles.h>
 #endif
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
 #include <unwindstack/JitDebug.h>
 #include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
 
@@ -58,6 +59,8 @@
   unwindstack::DexFiles* GetDexFiles() { return dex_files_.get(); }
 #endif
 
+  void SetArch(unwindstack::ArchEnum arch) { arch_ = arch; }
+
  protected:
   uint64_t GetLoadBias(size_t index) override;
 
@@ -67,6 +70,8 @@
 #if !defined(NO_LIBDEXFILE_SUPPORT)
   std::unique_ptr<unwindstack::DexFiles> dex_files_;
 #endif
+
+  unwindstack::ArchEnum arch_ = unwindstack::ARCH_UNKNOWN;
 };
 
 class UnwindStackOfflineMap : public UnwindStackMap {
diff --git a/libbacktrace/backtrace_offline_test.cpp b/libbacktrace/backtrace_offline_test.cpp
index 7d1027e..662fb99 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/backtrace_offline_test.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/backtrace_offline_test.cpp
@@ -37,15 +37,7 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-extern "C" {
-// Prototypes for functions in the test library.
-int test_level_one(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
-int test_level_two(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
-int test_level_three(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
-int test_level_four(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
-int test_recursive_call(int, void (*)(void*), void*);
-void test_get_context_and_wait(void* context, volatile int* exit_flag);
-}
+#include "BacktraceTest.h"
 
 struct FunctionSymbol {
   std::string name;
@@ -56,12 +48,13 @@
 static std::vector<FunctionSymbol> GetFunctionSymbols() {
   std::vector<FunctionSymbol> symbols = {
       {"unknown_start", 0, 0},
-      {"test_level_one", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_level_one), 0},
-      {"test_level_two", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_level_two), 0},
-      {"test_level_three", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_level_three), 0},
-      {"test_level_four", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_level_four), 0},
-      {"test_recursive_call", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_recursive_call), 0},
-      {"test_get_context_and_wait", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_get_context_and_wait), 0},
+      {"test_level_one", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&BacktraceTest::test_level_one_), 0},
+      {"test_level_two", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&BacktraceTest::test_level_two_), 0},
+      {"test_level_three", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&BacktraceTest::test_level_three_), 0},
+      {"test_level_four", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&BacktraceTest::test_level_four_), 0},
+      {"test_recursive_call", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&BacktraceTest::test_recursive_call_), 0},
+      {"test_get_context_and_wait",
+       reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&BacktraceTest::test_get_context_and_wait_), 0},
       {"unknown_end", static_cast<uint64_t>(-1), static_cast<uint64_t>(-1)},
   };
   std::sort(
@@ -100,7 +93,7 @@
 static void* OfflineThreadFunc(void* arg) {
   OfflineThreadArg* fn_arg = reinterpret_cast<OfflineThreadArg*>(arg);
   fn_arg->tid = android::base::GetThreadId();
-  test_get_context_and_wait(&fn_arg->ucontext, &fn_arg->exit_flag);
+  BacktraceTest::test_get_context_and_wait_(&fn_arg->ucontext, &fn_arg->exit_flag);
   return nullptr;
 }
 
@@ -109,7 +102,7 @@
 }
 
 // This test is disable because it is for generating test data.
-TEST(libbacktrace, DISABLED_generate_offline_testdata) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, DISABLED_generate_offline_testdata) {
   // Create a thread to generate the needed stack and registers information.
   const size_t stack_size = 16 * 1024;
   void* stack = mmap(NULL, stack_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
@@ -304,22 +297,22 @@
 }
 
 // For now, these tests can only run on the given architectures.
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_eh_frame) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_eh_frame) {
   BacktraceOfflineTest("arm64", "libbacktrace_test_eh_frame.so");
   BacktraceOfflineTest("x86_64", "libbacktrace_test_eh_frame.so");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_debug_frame) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_debug_frame) {
   BacktraceOfflineTest("arm", "libbacktrace_test_debug_frame.so");
   BacktraceOfflineTest("x86", "libbacktrace_test_debug_frame.so");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_gnu_debugdata) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_gnu_debugdata) {
   BacktraceOfflineTest("arm", "libbacktrace_test_gnu_debugdata.so");
   BacktraceOfflineTest("x86", "libbacktrace_test_gnu_debugdata.so");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_arm_exidx) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_arm_exidx) {
   BacktraceOfflineTest("arm", "libbacktrace_test_arm_exidx.so");
 }
 
@@ -373,32 +366,32 @@
 
 // This test tests the situation that ranges of functions covered by .eh_frame and .ARM.exidx
 // overlap with each other, which appears in /system/lib/libart.so.
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_unwind_mix_eh_frame_and_arm_exidx) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_unwind_mix_eh_frame_and_arm_exidx) {
   LibUnwindingTest("arm", "offline_testdata_for_libart", "libart.so");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_debug_frame_with_load_bias) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_debug_frame_with_load_bias) {
   LibUnwindingTest("arm", "offline_testdata_for_libandroid_runtime", "libandroid_runtime.so");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_try_armexidx_after_debug_frame) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_try_armexidx_after_debug_frame) {
   LibUnwindingTest("arm", "offline_testdata_for_libGLESv2_adreno", "libGLESv2_adreno.so");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_cie_with_P_augmentation) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_cie_with_P_augmentation) {
   // Make sure we can unwind through functions with CIE entry containing P augmentation, which
   // makes unwinding library reading personality handler from memory. One example is
   // /system/lib64/libskia.so.
   LibUnwindingTest("arm64", "offline_testdata_for_libskia", "libskia.so");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_empty_eh_frame_hdr) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_empty_eh_frame_hdr) {
   // Make sure we can unwind through libraries with empty .eh_frame_hdr section. One example is
   // /vendor/lib64/egl/eglSubDriverAndroid.so.
   LibUnwindingTest("arm64", "offline_testdata_for_eglSubDriverAndroid", "eglSubDriverAndroid.so");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_max_frames_limit) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_max_frames_limit) {
   // The length of callchain can reach 256 when recording an application.
   ASSERT_GE(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES, 256);
 }
diff --git a/libbacktrace/backtrace_test.cpp b/libbacktrace/backtrace_test.cpp
index 06a32c7..f4191b9 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/backtrace_test.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/backtrace_test.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
+#include <malloc.h>
 #include <pthread.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@
 
 // For the THREAD_SIGNAL definition.
 #include "BacktraceCurrent.h"
+#include "BacktraceTest.h"
 #include "backtrace_testlib.h"
 
 // Number of microseconds per milliseconds.
@@ -95,6 +97,23 @@
 static void VerifyMaxDump(Backtrace* backtrace, create_func_t create_func = nullptr,
                           map_create_func_t map_func = nullptr);
 
+void* BacktraceTest::dl_handle_;
+int (*BacktraceTest::test_level_one_)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+int (*BacktraceTest::test_level_two_)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+int (*BacktraceTest::test_level_three_)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+int (*BacktraceTest::test_level_four_)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+int (*BacktraceTest::test_recursive_call_)(int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+void (*BacktraceTest::test_get_context_and_wait_)(void*, volatile int*);
+void (*BacktraceTest::test_signal_action_)(int, siginfo_t*, void*);
+void (*BacktraceTest::test_signal_handler_)(int);
+
+extern "C" bool GetInitialArgs(const char*** args, size_t* num_args) {
+  static const char* initial_args[] = {"--slow_threshold_ms=8000", "--deadline_threshold_ms=15000"};
+  *args = initial_args;
+  *num_args = 2;
+  return true;
+}
+
 static uint64_t NanoTime() {
   struct timespec t = { 0, 0 };
   clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t);
@@ -250,7 +269,7 @@
   return false;
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, local_no_unwind_frames) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, local_no_unwind_frames) {
   // Verify that a local unwind does not include any frames within
   // libunwind or libbacktrace.
   std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(Backtrace::Create(getpid(), getpid()));
@@ -270,7 +289,7 @@
   }
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, local_unwind_frames) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, local_unwind_frames) {
   // Verify that a local unwind with the skip frames disabled does include
   // frames within the backtrace libraries.
   std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(Backtrace::Create(getpid(), getpid()));
@@ -302,8 +321,8 @@
                                                << DumpFrames(backtrace.get());
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, local_trace) {
-  ASSERT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, VerifyLevelBacktrace, nullptr), 0);
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, local_trace) {
+  ASSERT_NE(test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, VerifyLevelBacktrace, nullptr), 0);
 }
 
 static void VerifyIgnoreFrames(Backtrace* bt_all, Backtrace* bt_ign1, Backtrace* bt_ign2,
@@ -357,12 +376,12 @@
   VerifyIgnoreFrames(all.get(), ign1.get(), ign2.get(), "VerifyLevelIgnoreFrames");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, local_trace_ignore_frames) {
-  ASSERT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, VerifyLevelIgnoreFrames, nullptr), 0);
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, local_trace_ignore_frames) {
+  ASSERT_NE(test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, VerifyLevelIgnoreFrames, nullptr), 0);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, local_max_trace) {
-  ASSERT_NE(test_recursive_call(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES+10, VerifyMaxBacktrace, nullptr), 0);
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, local_max_trace) {
+  ASSERT_NE(test_recursive_call_(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES + 10, VerifyMaxBacktrace, nullptr), 0);
 }
 
 static void VerifyProcTest(pid_t pid, pid_t tid, bool (*ReadyFunc)(Backtrace*),
@@ -402,10 +421,10 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(verified) << "Last backtrace:\n" << last_dump;
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, ptrace_trace) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, ptrace_trace) {
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
-    ASSERT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
     _exit(1);
   }
   VerifyProcTest(pid, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD, ReadyLevelBacktrace, VerifyLevelDump,
@@ -416,10 +435,10 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, ptrace_max_trace) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, ptrace_max_trace) {
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
-    ASSERT_NE(test_recursive_call(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES+10, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(test_recursive_call_(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES + 10, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
     _exit(1);
   }
   VerifyProcTest(pid, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD, ReadyMaxBacktrace, VerifyMaxDump, Backtrace::Create,
@@ -446,10 +465,10 @@
   VerifyIgnoreFrames(bt_all, ign1.get(), ign2.get(), nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, ptrace_ignore_frames) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, ptrace_ignore_frames) {
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
-    ASSERT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
     _exit(1);
   }
   VerifyProcTest(pid, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD, ReadyLevelBacktrace, VerifyProcessIgnoreFrames,
@@ -462,7 +481,7 @@
 
 // Create a process with multiple threads and dump all of the threads.
 static void* PtraceThreadLevelRun(void*) {
-  EXPECT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
+  EXPECT_NE(BacktraceTest::test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
   return nullptr;
 }
 
@@ -483,7 +502,7 @@
   }
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, ptrace_threads) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, ptrace_threads) {
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < NUM_PTRACE_THREADS; i++) {
@@ -494,7 +513,7 @@
       pthread_t thread;
       ASSERT_TRUE(pthread_create(&thread, &attr, PtraceThreadLevelRun, nullptr) == 0);
     }
-    ASSERT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
     _exit(1);
   }
 
@@ -532,8 +551,8 @@
   VerifyLevelDump(backtrace.get());
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, thread_current_level) {
-  ASSERT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, VerifyLevelThread, nullptr), 0);
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, thread_current_level) {
+  ASSERT_NE(test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, VerifyLevelThread, nullptr), 0);
 }
 
 static void VerifyMaxThread(void*) {
@@ -545,19 +564,19 @@
   VerifyMaxDump(backtrace.get());
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, thread_current_max) {
-  ASSERT_NE(test_recursive_call(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES+10, VerifyMaxThread, nullptr), 0);
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, thread_current_max) {
+  ASSERT_NE(test_recursive_call_(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES + 10, VerifyMaxThread, nullptr), 0);
 }
 
 static void* ThreadLevelRun(void* data) {
   thread_t* thread = reinterpret_cast<thread_t*>(data);
 
   thread->tid = android::base::GetThreadId();
-  EXPECT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, ThreadSetState, data), 0);
+  EXPECT_NE(BacktraceTest::test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, ThreadSetState, data), 0);
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, thread_level_trace) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, thread_level_trace) {
   pthread_attr_t attr;
   pthread_attr_init(&attr);
   pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
@@ -607,7 +626,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(cur_action.sa_flags, new_action.sa_flags);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, thread_ignore_frames) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, thread_ignore_frames) {
   pthread_attr_t attr;
   pthread_attr_init(&attr);
   pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
@@ -644,11 +663,12 @@
   thread_t* thread = reinterpret_cast<thread_t*>(data);
 
   thread->tid = android::base::GetThreadId();
-  EXPECT_NE(test_recursive_call(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES+10, ThreadSetState, data), 0);
+  EXPECT_NE(BacktraceTest::test_recursive_call_(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES + 10, ThreadSetState, data),
+            0);
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, thread_max_trace) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, thread_max_trace) {
   pthread_attr_t attr;
   pthread_attr_init(&attr);
   pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
@@ -742,17 +762,17 @@
   }
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, thread_multiple_dump) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, thread_multiple_dump) {
   MultipleThreadDumpTest(false);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, thread_multiple_dump_same_map) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, thread_multiple_dump_same_map) {
   MultipleThreadDumpTest(true);
 }
 
 // This test is for UnwindMaps that should share the same map cursor when
 // multiple maps are created for the current process at the same time.
-TEST(libbacktrace, simultaneous_maps) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, simultaneous_maps) {
   BacktraceMap* map1 = BacktraceMap::Create(getpid());
   BacktraceMap* map2 = BacktraceMap::Create(getpid());
   BacktraceMap* map3 = BacktraceMap::Create(getpid());
@@ -779,7 +799,7 @@
   delete map3;
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, fillin_erases) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, fillin_erases) {
   BacktraceMap* back_map = BacktraceMap::Create(getpid());
 
   backtrace_map_t map;
@@ -798,7 +818,7 @@
   ASSERT_EQ("", map.name);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, format_test) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, format_test) {
   std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(Backtrace::Create(getpid(), BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD));
   ASSERT_TRUE(backtrace.get() != nullptr);
 
@@ -969,7 +989,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(test_it == test_maps.end());
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, verify_map_remote) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, verify_map_remote) {
   pid_t pid;
   CreateRemoteProcess(&pid);
 
@@ -1069,7 +1089,7 @@
   delete[] expected;
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, thread_read) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, thread_read) {
   pthread_attr_t attr;
   pthread_attr_init(&attr);
   pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
@@ -1120,7 +1140,7 @@
   }
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, process_read) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, process_read) {
   g_ready = 0;
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
@@ -1187,29 +1207,23 @@
 }
 
 static void CopySharedLibrary(const char* tmp_dir, std::string* tmp_so_name) {
-  std::string system_dir;
-
-#if defined(__BIONIC__)
-  system_dir = "/system/lib";
-#else
-  const char* host_out_env = getenv("ANDROID_HOST_OUT");
-  ASSERT_TRUE(host_out_env != nullptr);
-  system_dir = std::string(host_out_env) + "/lib";
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__LP64__)
-  system_dir += "64";
-#endif
+  std::string test_lib(testing::internal::GetArgvs()[0]);
+  auto const value = test_lib.find_last_of('/');
+  if (value == std::string::npos) {
+    test_lib = "../backtrace_test_libs/";
+  } else {
+    test_lib = test_lib.substr(0, value + 1) + "../backtrace_test_libs/";
+  }
+  test_lib += "libbacktrace_test.so";
 
   *tmp_so_name = std::string(tmp_dir) + "/libbacktrace_test.so";
-  std::string cp_cmd =
-      android::base::StringPrintf("cp %s/libbacktrace_test.so %s", system_dir.c_str(), tmp_dir);
+  std::string cp_cmd = android::base::StringPrintf("cp %s %s", test_lib.c_str(), tmp_dir);
 
   // Copy the shared so to a tempory directory.
   ASSERT_EQ(0, system(cp_cmd.c_str()));
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, check_unreadable_elf_local) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, check_unreadable_elf_local) {
   TemporaryDir td;
   std::string tmp_so_name;
   ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CopySharedLibrary(td.path, &tmp_so_name));
@@ -1251,7 +1265,7 @@
   VerifyFunctionsFound(found_functions);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, check_unreadable_elf_remote) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, check_unreadable_elf_remote) {
   TemporaryDir td;
   std::string tmp_so_name;
   ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CopySharedLibrary(td.path, &tmp_so_name));
@@ -1390,7 +1404,7 @@
 
 typedef int (*test_func_t)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_through_unreadable_elf_local) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, unwind_through_unreadable_elf_local) {
   TemporaryDir td;
   std::string tmp_so_name;
   ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CopySharedLibrary(td.path, &tmp_so_name));
@@ -1405,11 +1419,9 @@
 
   ASSERT_NE(test_func(1, 2, 3, 4, VerifyUnreadableElfBacktrace, reinterpret_cast<void*>(test_func)),
             0);
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(dlclose(lib_handle) == 0);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_through_unreadable_elf_remote) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, unwind_through_unreadable_elf_remote) {
   TemporaryDir td;
   std::string tmp_so_name;
   ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CopySharedLibrary(td.path, &tmp_so_name));
@@ -1428,7 +1440,6 @@
     exit(0);
   }
   ASSERT_TRUE(pid > 0);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(dlclose(lib_handle) == 0);
 
   uint64_t start = NanoTime();
   bool done = false;
@@ -1465,7 +1476,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(done) << "Test function never found in unwind.";
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_thread_doesnt_exist) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, unwind_thread_doesnt_exist) {
   std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(
       Backtrace::Create(BACKTRACE_CURRENT_PROCESS, 99999999));
   ASSERT_TRUE(backtrace.get() != nullptr);
@@ -1473,18 +1484,18 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(BACKTRACE_UNWIND_ERROR_THREAD_DOESNT_EXIST, backtrace->GetError().error_code);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, local_get_function_name_before_unwind) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, local_get_function_name_before_unwind) {
   std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(
       Backtrace::Create(BACKTRACE_CURRENT_PROCESS, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD));
   ASSERT_TRUE(backtrace.get() != nullptr);
 
   // Verify that trying to get a function name before doing an unwind works.
-  uint64_t cur_func_offset = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_level_one) + 1;
+  uint64_t cur_func_offset = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(test_level_one_) + 1;
   uint64_t offset;
   ASSERT_NE(std::string(""), backtrace->GetFunctionName(cur_func_offset, &offset));
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, remote_get_function_name_before_unwind) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, remote_get_function_name_before_unwind) {
   pid_t pid;
   CreateRemoteProcess(&pid);
 
@@ -1492,7 +1503,7 @@
   std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(Backtrace::Create(pid, pid));
 
   // Verify that trying to get a function name before doing an unwind works.
-  uint64_t cur_func_offset = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_level_one) + 1;
+  uint64_t cur_func_offset = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(test_level_one_) + 1;
   uint64_t offset;
   ASSERT_NE(std::string(""), backtrace->GetFunctionName(cur_func_offset, &offset));
 
@@ -1579,7 +1590,7 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(std::string(""), backtrace->GetFunctionName(device_map_uint, &offset, &map));
   ASSERT_EQ(std::string(""), backtrace->GetFunctionName(0, &offset));
 
-  uint64_t cur_func_offset = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_level_one) + 1;
+  uint64_t cur_func_offset = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(BacktraceTest::test_level_one_) + 1;
   // Now verify the device map flag actually causes the function name to be empty.
   backtrace->FillInMap(cur_func_offset, &map);
   ASSERT_TRUE((map.flags & PROT_DEVICE_MAP) == 0);
@@ -1628,7 +1639,7 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0U, backtrace->NumFrames());
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_disallow_device_map_local) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, unwind_disallow_device_map_local) {
   void* device_map;
   SetupDeviceMap(&device_map);
 
@@ -1642,7 +1653,7 @@
   munmap(device_map, DEVICE_MAP_SIZE);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_disallow_device_map_remote) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, unwind_disallow_device_map_remote) {
   void* device_map;
   SetupDeviceMap(&device_map);
 
@@ -1698,13 +1709,13 @@
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
     if (use_action) {
-      ScopedSignalHandler ssh(SIGUSR1, test_signal_action);
+      ScopedSignalHandler ssh(SIGUSR1, BacktraceTest::test_signal_action_);
 
-      test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, SetValueAndLoop, const_cast<int*>(&value));
+      BacktraceTest::test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, SetValueAndLoop, const_cast<int*>(&value));
     } else {
-      ScopedSignalHandler ssh(SIGUSR1, test_signal_handler);
+      ScopedSignalHandler ssh(SIGUSR1, BacktraceTest::test_signal_handler_);
 
-      test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, SetValueAndLoop, const_cast<int*>(&value));
+      BacktraceTest::test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, SetValueAndLoop, const_cast<int*>(&value));
     }
   }
   ASSERT_NE(-1, pid);
@@ -1805,11 +1816,11 @@
   FinishRemoteProcess(pid);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_remote_through_signal_using_handler) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, unwind_remote_through_signal_using_handler) {
   UnwindThroughSignal(false, Backtrace::Create, BacktraceMap::Create);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_remote_through_signal_using_action) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, unwind_remote_through_signal_using_action) {
   UnwindThroughSignal(true, Backtrace::Create, BacktraceMap::Create);
 }
 
@@ -1822,49 +1833,41 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0U, backtrace->GetFrame(0)->num);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_frame_skip_numbering) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, unwind_frame_skip_numbering) {
   TestFrameSkipNumbering(Backtrace::Create, BacktraceMap::Create);
 }
 
-#if defined(ENABLE_PSS_TESTS)
-#include "GetPss.h"
-
 #define MAX_LEAK_BYTES (32*1024UL)
 
 static void CheckForLeak(pid_t pid, pid_t tid) {
   std::unique_ptr<BacktraceMap> map(BacktraceMap::Create(pid));
 
-  // Do a few runs to get the PSS stable.
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
-    Backtrace* backtrace = Backtrace::Create(pid, tid, map.get());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(backtrace != nullptr);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(backtrace->Unwind(0));
-    VERIFY_NO_ERROR(backtrace->GetError().error_code);
-    delete backtrace;
-  }
-  size_t stable_pss = GetPssBytes();
-  ASSERT_TRUE(stable_pss != 0);
-
   // Loop enough that even a small leak should be detectable.
+  size_t first_allocated_bytes = 0;
+  size_t last_allocated_bytes = 0;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < 4096; i++) {
     Backtrace* backtrace = Backtrace::Create(pid, tid, map.get());
     ASSERT_TRUE(backtrace != nullptr);
     ASSERT_TRUE(backtrace->Unwind(0));
     VERIFY_NO_ERROR(backtrace->GetError().error_code);
     delete backtrace;
-  }
-  size_t new_pss = GetPssBytes();
-  ASSERT_TRUE(new_pss != 0);
-  if (new_pss > stable_pss) {
-    ASSERT_LE(new_pss - stable_pss, MAX_LEAK_BYTES);
+
+    size_t allocated_bytes = mallinfo().uordblks;
+    if (first_allocated_bytes == 0) {
+      first_allocated_bytes = allocated_bytes;
+    } else if (last_allocated_bytes > first_allocated_bytes) {
+      // Check that the memory did not increase too much over the first loop.
+      ASSERT_LE(last_allocated_bytes - first_allocated_bytes, MAX_LEAK_BYTES);
+    }
+    last_allocated_bytes = allocated_bytes;
   }
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, check_for_leak_local) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, check_for_leak_local) {
   CheckForLeak(BACKTRACE_CURRENT_PROCESS, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, check_for_leak_local_thread) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, check_for_leak_local_thread) {
   thread_t thread_data = { 0, 0, 0, nullptr };
   pthread_t thread;
   ASSERT_TRUE(pthread_create(&thread, nullptr, ThreadLevelRun, &thread_data) == 0);
@@ -1880,7 +1883,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(pthread_join(thread, nullptr) == 0);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, check_for_leak_remote) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, check_for_leak_remote) {
   pid_t pid;
   CreateRemoteProcess(&pid);
 
@@ -1888,4 +1891,3 @@
 
   FinishRemoteProcess(pid);
 }
-#endif
diff --git a/libcrypto_utils/tests/Android.bp b/libcrypto_utils/tests/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5aadfe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcrypto_utils/tests/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+cc_test_host {
+    name: "libcrypto_utils_test",
+    srcs: ["android_pubkey_test.cpp"],
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wextra",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libcrypto_utils",
+        "libcrypto",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libcrypto_utils/tests/Android.mk b/libcrypto_utils/tests/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index ef3d0cf..0000000
--- a/libcrypto_utils/tests/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := libcrypto_utils_test
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := android_pubkey_test.cpp
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror -Wextra
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libcrypto_utils libcrypto
-include $(BUILD_HOST_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libcutils/Android.bp b/libcutils/Android.bp
index 37afb98..0dbbc3f 100644
--- a/libcutils/Android.bp
+++ b/libcutils/Android.bp
@@ -66,7 +66,6 @@
         "load_file.cpp",
         "native_handle.cpp",
         "record_stream.cpp",
-        "sched_policy.cpp",
         "sockets.cpp",
         "strdup16to8.cpp",
         "strdup8to16.cpp",
@@ -89,6 +88,7 @@
                 "socket_inaddr_any_server_windows.cpp",
                 "socket_network_client_windows.cpp",
                 "sockets_windows.cpp",
+                "trace-host.cpp",
             ],
 
             enabled: true,
@@ -177,8 +177,12 @@
         "libbase_headers",
         "libcutils_headers",
         "libutils_headers",
+        "libprocessgroup_headers",
     ],
-    export_header_lib_headers: ["libcutils_headers"],
+    export_header_lib_headers: [
+        "libcutils_headers",
+        "libprocessgroup_headers",
+    ],
     local_include_dirs: ["include"],
 
     cflags: [
diff --git a/libcutils/fs_config.cpp b/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
index bd5f26f..1490fbc 100644
--- a/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/fs_config.cpp
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
 // way up to the root.
 
 static const struct fs_path_config android_dirs[] = {
-    // clang-format off
+        // clang-format off
     { 00770, AID_SYSTEM,       AID_CACHE,        0, "cache" },
     { 00555, AID_ROOT,         AID_ROOT,         0, "config" },
     { 00771, AID_SYSTEM,       AID_SYSTEM,       0, "data/app" },
@@ -80,17 +80,18 @@
     { 00775, AID_ROOT,         AID_ROOT,         0, "data/preloads" },
     { 00771, AID_SYSTEM,       AID_SYSTEM,       0, "data" },
     { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_SYSTEM,       0, "mnt" },
-    { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "product/bin" },
+    { 00751, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "product/bin" },
     { 00750, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "sbin" },
     { 00777, AID_ROOT,         AID_ROOT,         0, "sdcard" },
     { 00751, AID_ROOT,         AID_SDCARD_R,     0, "storage" },
     { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "system/bin" },
     { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_ROOT,         0, "system/etc/ppp" },
     { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "system/vendor" },
-    { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "system/xbin" },
+    { 00751, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "system/xbin" },
+    { 00751, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "vendor/bin" },
     { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_SHELL,        0, "vendor" },
     { 00755, AID_ROOT,         AID_ROOT,         0, 0 },
-    // clang-format on
+        // clang-format on
 };
 #ifndef __ANDROID_VNDK__
 auto __for_testing_only__android_dirs = android_dirs;
@@ -107,7 +108,9 @@
 // although the developer is advised to restrict the scope to the /vendor or
 // oem/ file-system since the intent is to provide support for customized
 // portions of a separate vendor.img or oem.img.  Has to remain open so that
-// customization can also land on /system/vendor, /system/oem or /system/odm.
+// customization can also land on /system/vendor, /system/oem, /system/odm,
+// /system/product or /system/product_services.
+//
 // We expect build-time checking or filtering when constructing the associated
 // fs_config_* files (see build/tools/fs_config/fs_config_generate.c)
 static const char ven_conf_dir[] = "/vendor/etc/fs_config_dirs";
@@ -116,11 +119,17 @@
 static const char oem_conf_file[] = "/oem/etc/fs_config_files";
 static const char odm_conf_dir[] = "/odm/etc/fs_config_dirs";
 static const char odm_conf_file[] = "/odm/etc/fs_config_files";
+static const char product_conf_dir[] = "/product/etc/fs_config_dirs";
+static const char product_conf_file[] = "/product/etc/fs_config_files";
+static const char product_services_conf_dir[] = "/product_services/etc/fs_config_dirs";
+static const char product_services_conf_file[] = "/product_services/etc/fs_config_files";
 static const char* conf[][2] = {
-    {sys_conf_file, sys_conf_dir},
-    {ven_conf_file, ven_conf_dir},
-    {oem_conf_file, oem_conf_dir},
-    {odm_conf_file, odm_conf_dir},
+        {sys_conf_file, sys_conf_dir},
+        {ven_conf_file, ven_conf_dir},
+        {oem_conf_file, oem_conf_dir},
+        {odm_conf_file, odm_conf_dir},
+        {product_conf_file, product_conf_dir},
+        {product_services_conf_file, product_services_conf_dir},
 };
 
 // Do not use android_files to grant Linux capabilities.  Use ambient capabilities in their
@@ -149,7 +158,11 @@
     { 00444, AID_ROOT,      AID_ROOT,      0, oem_conf_dir + 1 },
     { 00444, AID_ROOT,      AID_ROOT,      0, oem_conf_file + 1 },
     { 00600, AID_ROOT,      AID_ROOT,      0, "product/build.prop" },
+    { 00444, AID_ROOT,      AID_ROOT,      0, product_conf_dir + 1 },
+    { 00444, AID_ROOT,      AID_ROOT,      0, product_conf_file + 1 },
     { 00600, AID_ROOT,      AID_ROOT,      0, "product_services/build.prop" },
+    { 00444, AID_ROOT,      AID_ROOT,      0, product_services_conf_dir + 1 },
+    { 00444, AID_ROOT,      AID_ROOT,      0, product_services_conf_file + 1 },
     { 00750, AID_ROOT,      AID_SHELL,     0, "sbin/fs_mgr" },
     { 00755, AID_ROOT,      AID_SHELL,     0, "system/bin/crash_dump32" },
     { 00755, AID_ROOT,      AID_SHELL,     0, "system/bin/crash_dump64" },
@@ -235,10 +248,10 @@
     return fd;
 }
 
-// if path is "odm/<stuff>", "oem/<stuff>", "product/<stuff>" or
-// "vendor/<stuff>"
+// if path is "odm/<stuff>", "oem/<stuff>", "product/<stuff>",
+// "product_services/<stuff>" or "vendor/<stuff>"
 static bool is_partition(const char* path, size_t len) {
-    static const char* partitions[] = {"odm/", "oem/", "product/", "vendor/"};
+    static const char* partitions[] = {"odm/", "oem/", "product/", "product_services/", "vendor/"};
     for (size_t i = 0; i < (sizeof(partitions) / sizeof(partitions[0])); ++i) {
         size_t plen = strlen(partitions[i]);
         if (len <= plen) continue;
diff --git a/libcutils/include/cutils/partition_utils.h b/libcutils/include/cutils/partition_utils.h
index 7518559..8bc9b48 100644
--- a/libcutils/include/cutils/partition_utils.h
+++ b/libcutils/include/cutils/partition_utils.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 
 __BEGIN_DECLS
 
-int partition_wiped(char *source);
+int partition_wiped(const char* source);
 
 __END_DECLS
 
diff --git a/libcutils/include/cutils/sched_policy.h b/libcutils/include/cutils/sched_policy.h
index cf91b76..538ff6b 100644
--- a/libcutils/include/cutils/sched_policy.h
+++ b/libcutils/include/cutils/sched_policy.h
@@ -17,67 +17,10 @@
 #ifndef __CUTILS_SCHED_POLICY_H
 #define __CUTILS_SCHED_POLICY_H
 
-#include <stdbool.h>
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
 /*
- * Check if Linux kernel enables CPUSETS feature.
- *
- * Return value: 1 if Linux kernel CONFIG_CPUSETS=y; 0 otherwise.
+ * For backwards compatibility only
+ * New users should include processgroup/sched_policy.h directly
  */
-extern bool cpusets_enabled();
-
-/*
- * Check if Linux kernel enables SCHEDTUNE feature (only available in Android
- * common kernel or Linaro LSK, not in mainline Linux as of v4.9)
- *
- * Return value: 1 if Linux kernel CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHEDTUNE=y; 0 otherwise.
- */
-extern bool schedboost_enabled();
-
-/* Keep in sync with THREAD_GROUP_* in frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Process.java */
-typedef enum {
-    SP_DEFAULT = -1,
-    SP_BACKGROUND = 0,
-    SP_FOREGROUND = 1,
-    SP_SYSTEM = 2,  // can't be used with set_sched_policy()
-    SP_AUDIO_APP = 3,
-    SP_AUDIO_SYS = 4,
-    SP_TOP_APP = 5,
-    SP_RT_APP = 6,
-    SP_RESTRICTED = 7,
-    SP_CNT,
-    SP_MAX = SP_CNT - 1,
-    SP_SYSTEM_DEFAULT = SP_FOREGROUND,
-} SchedPolicy;
-
-extern int set_cpuset_policy(int tid, SchedPolicy policy);
-
-/* Assign thread tid to the cgroup associated with the specified policy.
- * If the thread is a thread group leader, that is it's gettid() == getpid(),
- * then the other threads in the same thread group are _not_ affected.
- * On platforms which support gettid(), zero tid means current thread.
- * Return value: 0 for success, or -errno for error.
- */
-extern int set_sched_policy(int tid, SchedPolicy policy);
-
-/* Return the policy associated with the cgroup of thread tid via policy pointer.
- * On platforms which support gettid(), zero tid means current thread.
- * Return value: 0 for success, or -1 for error and set errno.
- */
-extern int get_sched_policy(int tid, SchedPolicy *policy);
-
-/* Return a displayable string corresponding to policy.
- * Return value: non-NULL NUL-terminated name of unspecified length;
- * the caller is responsible for displaying the useful part of the string.
- */
-extern const char *get_sched_policy_name(SchedPolicy policy);
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
+#include <processgroup/sched_policy.h>
 
 #endif /* __CUTILS_SCHED_POLICY_H */ 
diff --git a/libcutils/include/cutils/sockets.h b/libcutils/include/cutils/sockets.h
index b24468b..285f150 100644
--- a/libcutils/include/cutils/sockets.h
+++ b/libcutils/include/cutils/sockets.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef __CUTILS_SOCKETS_H
-#define __CUTILS_SOCKETS_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <limits.h>
@@ -141,19 +140,6 @@
                             const cutils_socket_buffer_t* buffers,
                             size_t num_buffers);
 
-/*
- * socket_peer_is_trusted - Takes a socket which is presumed to be a
- * connected local socket (e.g. AF_LOCAL) and returns whether the peer
- * (the userid that owns the process on the other end of that socket)
- * is one of the two trusted userids, root or shell.
- *
- * Note: This only works as advertised on the Android OS and always
- * just returns true when called on other operating systems.
- */
-extern bool socket_peer_is_trusted(int fd);
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
-
-#endif /* __CUTILS_SOCKETS_H */
diff --git a/libcutils/include/cutils/trace.h b/libcutils/include/cutils/trace.h
index 58b9f09..79b4b35 100644
--- a/libcutils/include/cutils/trace.h
+++ b/libcutils/include/cutils/trace.h
@@ -75,7 +75,8 @@
 #define ATRACE_TAG_VIBRATOR         (1<<23)
 #define ATRACE_TAG_AIDL             (1<<24)
 #define ATRACE_TAG_NNAPI            (1<<25)
-#define ATRACE_TAG_LAST             ATRACE_TAG_NNAPI
+#define ATRACE_TAG_RRO              (1<<26)
+#define ATRACE_TAG_LAST             ATRACE_TAG_RRO
 
 // Reserved for initialization.
 #define ATRACE_TAG_NOT_READY        (1ULL<<63)
diff --git a/libcutils/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h b/libcutils/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h
index 3be8ad0..03edfb5 100644
--- a/libcutils/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h
+++ b/libcutils/include/private/android_filesystem_config.h
@@ -131,6 +131,9 @@
 #define AID_SECURE_ELEMENT 1068  /* secure element subsystem */
 #define AID_LMKD 1069            /* low memory killer daemon */
 #define AID_LLKD 1070            /* live lock daemon */
+#define AID_IORAPD 1071          /* input/output readahead and pin daemon */
+#define AID_GPU_SERVICE 1072     /* GPU service daemon */
+#define AID_NETWORK_STACK 1073   /* network stack service */
 /* Changes to this file must be made in AOSP, *not* in internal branches. */
 
 #define AID_SHELL 2000 /* adb and debug shell user */
@@ -187,7 +190,8 @@
  */
 #define AID_OVERFLOWUID 65534 /* unmapped user in the user namespace */
 
-#define AID_ISOLATED_START 99000 /* start of uids for fully isolated sandboxed processes */
+/* use the ranges below to determine whether a process is isolated */
+#define AID_ISOLATED_START 90000 /* start of uids for fully isolated sandboxed processes */
 #define AID_ISOLATED_END 99999   /* end of uids for fully isolated sandboxed processes */
 
 #define AID_USER 100000        /* TODO: switch users over to AID_USER_OFFSET */
diff --git a/libcutils/partition_utils.cpp b/libcutils/partition_utils.cpp
index 6735d6c..b840559 100644
--- a/libcutils/partition_utils.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/partition_utils.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 
-static int only_one_char(char *buf, int len, char c)
+static int only_one_char(uint8_t *buf, int len, uint8_t c)
 {
     int i, ret;
 
@@ -39,9 +39,8 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
-int partition_wiped(char *source)
-{
-    char buf[4096];
+int partition_wiped(const char* source) {
+    uint8_t buf[4096];
     int fd, ret;
 
     if ((fd = open(source, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
@@ -67,4 +66,3 @@
 
     return 0;
 }
-
diff --git a/libcutils/sockets_unix.cpp b/libcutils/sockets_unix.cpp
index 0cb8a4d..2248817 100644
--- a/libcutils/sockets_unix.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/sockets_unix.cpp
@@ -32,34 +32,6 @@
 
 #include "android_get_control_env.h"
 
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-/* For the socket trust (credentials) check */
-#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
-#define __android_unused
-#else
-#define __android_unused __attribute__((__unused__))
-#endif
-
-bool socket_peer_is_trusted(int fd __android_unused) {
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-    ucred cr;
-    socklen_t len = sizeof(cr);
-    int n = getsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &cr, &len);
-
-    if (n != 0) {
-        ALOGE("could not get socket credentials: %s\n", strerror(errno));
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if ((cr.uid != AID_ROOT) && (cr.uid != AID_SHELL)) {
-        ALOGE("untrusted userid on other end of socket: userid %d\n", cr.uid);
-        return false;
-    }
-#endif
-
-    return true;
-}
-
 int socket_close(int sock) {
     return close(sock);
 }
diff --git a/libcutils/tests/Android.bp b/libcutils/tests/Android.bp
index 7884190..72ae559 100644
--- a/libcutils/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libcutils/tests/Android.bp
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
     "libcutils",
     "liblog",
     "libbase",
+    "libprocessgroup",
 ]
 
 cc_test {
diff --git a/libcutils/tests/android_get_control_file_test.cpp b/libcutils/tests/android_get_control_file_test.cpp
index 6c6fd2a..8de8530 100644
--- a/libcutils/tests/android_get_control_file_test.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/tests/android_get_control_file_test.cpp
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <cutils/android_get_control_file.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
diff --git a/libcutils/tests/trace-dev_test.cpp b/libcutils/tests/trace-dev_test.cpp
index f8d4f00..832b36a 100644
--- a/libcutils/tests/trace-dev_test.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/tests/trace-dev_test.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include "../trace-dev.cpp"
diff --git a/libcutils/uevent.cpp b/libcutils/uevent.cpp
index 2dfceed..721de7c 100644
--- a/libcutils/uevent.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/uevent.cpp
@@ -95,6 +95,8 @@
 int uevent_open_socket(int buf_sz, bool passcred) {
     struct sockaddr_nl addr;
     int on = passcred;
+    int buf_sz_readback = 0;
+    socklen_t optlen = sizeof(buf_sz_readback);
     int s;
 
     memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
@@ -105,11 +107,21 @@
     s = socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT);
     if (s < 0) return -1;
 
-    /* buf_sz should be less than net.core.rmem_max for this to succeed */
-    if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &buf_sz, sizeof(buf_sz)) < 0) {
+    if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &buf_sz, sizeof(buf_sz)) < 0 ||
+          getsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &buf_sz_readback, &optlen) < 0) {
         close(s);
         return -1;
     }
+    /* Only if SO_RCVBUF was not effective, try SO_RCVBUFFORCE. Generally, we
+     * want to avoid SO_RCVBUFFORCE, because it generates SELinux denials in
+     * case we don't have CAP_NET_ADMIN. This is the case, for example, for
+     * healthd. */
+    if (buf_sz_readback < 2 * buf_sz) {
+        if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUFFORCE, &buf_sz, sizeof(buf_sz)) < 0) {
+            close(s);
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
 
     setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PASSCRED, &on, sizeof(on));
 
diff --git a/libgrallocusage/Android.bp b/libgrallocusage/Android.bp
index bcc0616..d27feb9 100644
--- a/libgrallocusage/Android.bp
+++ b/libgrallocusage/Android.bp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-cc_library_static {
+cc_library {
     name: "libgrallocusage",
     vendor_available: true,
     cflags: [
diff --git a/libgrallocusage/OWNERS b/libgrallocusage/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..154dc6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libgrallocusage/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+jessehall@google.com
+olv@google.com
+stoza@google.com
diff --git a/liblog/.clang-format b/liblog/.clang-format
deleted file mode 100644
index 9db87a8..0000000
--- a/liblog/.clang-format
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-BasedOnStyle: Google
-AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: false
-
-CommentPragmas: NOLINT:.*
-DerivePointerAlignment: false
-PointerAlignment: Left
-PenaltyExcessCharacter: 32
-
-Cpp11BracedListStyle: false
diff --git a/liblog/.clang-format b/liblog/.clang-format
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..fd0645f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/liblog/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../.clang-format-2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/liblog/Android.bp b/liblog/Android.bp
index 4a165a0..bd7a551 100644
--- a/liblog/Android.bp
+++ b/liblog/Android.bp
@@ -15,31 +15,29 @@
 //
 
 liblog_sources = [
-    "config_read.c",
-    "config_write.c",
-    "local_logger.c",
-    "log_event_list.c",
-    "log_event_write.c",
-    "log_ratelimit.cpp",
-    "logger_lock.c",
-    "logger_name.c",
-    "logger_read.c",
-    "logger_write.c",
-    "logprint.c",
-    "stderr_write.c",
+    "config_read.cpp",
+    "config_write.cpp",
+    "log_event_list.cpp",
+    "log_event_write.cpp",
+    "logger_lock.cpp",
+    "logger_name.cpp",
+    "logger_read.cpp",
+    "logger_write.cpp",
+    "logprint.cpp",
+    "stderr_write.cpp",
 ]
 liblog_host_sources = [
-    "fake_log_device.c",
-    "fake_writer.c",
+    "fake_log_device.cpp",
+    "fake_writer.cpp",
 ]
 liblog_target_sources = [
     "event_tag_map.cpp",
     "log_time.cpp",
-    "properties.c",
-    "pmsg_reader.c",
-    "pmsg_writer.c",
-    "logd_reader.c",
-    "logd_writer.c",
+    "properties.cpp",
+    "pmsg_reader.cpp",
+    "pmsg_writer.cpp",
+    "logd_reader.cpp",
+    "logd_writer.cpp",
 ]
 
 cc_library_headers {
@@ -75,6 +73,7 @@
             cflags: ["-DFAKE_LOG_DEVICE=1"],
         },
         android: {
+            version_script: "liblog.map.txt",
             srcs: liblog_target_sources,
             // AddressSanitizer runtime library depends on liblog.
             sanitize: {
@@ -87,7 +86,6 @@
             ldflags: ["-Wl,--hash-style=both"],
         },
         windows: {
-            srcs: ["uio.c"],
             enabled: true,
         },
         not_windows: {
diff --git a/liblog/Android.mk b/liblog/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 6c4dff5..0000000
--- a/liblog/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH := $(my-dir)
-
-include $(call first-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
diff --git a/liblog/README b/liblog/README
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a845be..0000000
--- a/liblog/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,209 +0,0 @@
-LIBLOG(3)          Android Internal NDK Programming Manual           LIBLOG(3)
-
-
-
-NAME
-       liblog - Android Internal NDK logger interfaces
-
-SYNOPSIS
-       /*
-        * Please limit to 24 characters for runtime is loggable,
-        * 16 characters for persist is loggable, and logcat pretty
-        * alignment with limit of 7 characters.
-        */
-       #define LOG_TAG "yourtag"
-       #include <log/log.h>
-
-       ALOG(android_priority, tag, format, ...)
-       IF_ALOG(android_priority, tag)
-       LOG_PRI(priority, tag, format, ...)
-       LOG_PRI_VA(priority, tag, format, args)
-       #define LOG_TAG NULL
-       ALOGV(format, ...)
-       SLOGV(format, ...)
-       RLOGV(format, ...)
-       ALOGV_IF(cond, format, ...)
-       SLOGV_IF(cond, format, ...)
-       RLOGV_IF(cond, format, ...)
-       IF_ALOGC()
-       ALOGD(format, ...)
-       SLOGD(format, ...)
-       RLOGD(format, ...)
-       ALOGD_IF(cond, format, ...)
-       SLOGD_IF(cond, format, ...)
-       RLOGD_IF(cond, format, ...)
-       IF_ALOGD()
-       ALOGI(format, ...)
-       SLOGI(format, ...)
-       RLOGI(format, ...)
-       ALOGI_IF(cond, format, ...)
-       SLOGI_IF(cond, format, ...)
-       RLOGI_IF(cond, format, ...)
-       IF_ALOGI()
-       ALOGW(format, ...)
-       SLOGW(format, ...)
-       RLOGW(format, ...)
-       ALOGW_IF(cond, format, ...)
-       SLOGW_IF(cond, format, ...)
-       RLOGW_IF(cond, format, ...)
-       IF_ALOGW()
-       ALOGE(format, ...)
-       SLOGE(format, ...)
-       RLOGE(format, ...)
-       ALOGE_IF(cond, format, ...)
-       SLOGE_IF(cond, format, ...)
-       RLOGE_IF(cond, format, ...)
-       IF_ALOGE()
-       LOG_FATAL(format, ...)
-       LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL(format, ...)
-       LOG_FATAL_IF(cond, format, ...)
-       LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(cond, format, ...)
-       ALOG_ASSERT(cond, format, ...)
-       LOG_EVENT_INT(tag, value)
-       LOG_EVENT_LONG(tag, value)
-
-       clockid_t android_log_clockid()
-
-       log_id_t android_logger_get_id(struct logger *logger)
-       int android_logger_clear(struct logger *logger)
-       int android_logger_get_log_size(struct logger *logger)
-       int android_logger_get_log_readable_size(struct logger *logger)
-       int android_logger_get_log_version(struct logger *logger)
-
-       struct logger_list *android_logger_list_alloc(int mode,
-                                                     unsigned int tail,
-                                                     pid_t pid)
-       struct logger *android_logger_open(struct logger_list *logger_list,
-                                          log_id_t id)
-       struct logger_list *android_logger_list_open(log_id_t id, int mode,
-                                                    unsigned int tail,
-                                                    pid_t pid)
-       int android_logger_list_read(struct logger_list *logger_list,
-                                    struct log_msg *log_msg)
-       void android_logger_list_free(struct logger_list *logger_list)
-
-       log_id_t android_name_to_log_id(const char *logName)
-       const char *android_log_id_to_name(log_id_t log_id)
-
-       android_log_context create_android_logger(uint32_t tag)
-
-       int android_log_write_list_begin(android_log_context ctx)
-       int android_log_write_list_end(android_log_context ctx)
-
-       int android_log_write_int32(android_log_context ctx, int32_t value)
-       int android_log_write_int64(android_log_context ctx, int64_t value)
-       int android_log_write_string8(android_log_context ctx,
-                                     const char *value)
-       int android_log_write_string8_len(android_log_context ctx,
-                                         const char *value, size_t maxlen)
-       int android_log_write_float32(android_log_context ctx, float value)
-
-       int android_log_write_list(android_log_context ctx,
-                                  log_id_t id = LOG_ID_EVENTS)
-
-       android_log_context create_android_log_parser(const char *msg,
-                                                     size_t len)
-       android_log_list_element android_log_read_next(android_log_context ctx)
-       android_log_list_element android_log_peek_next(android_log_context ctx)
-
-       int android_log_destroy(android_log_context *ctx)
-
-       #include <log/log_transport.h>
-
-       int android_set_log_transport(int transport_flag)
-       int android_get_log_transport()
-
-       Link with -llog
-
-DESCRIPTION
-       liblog  represents  an interface to the volatile Android Logging system
-       for NDK (Native) applications  and  libraries.  Interfaces  for  either
-       writing  or reading logs.  The log buffers are divided up in Main, Sys‐
-       tem, Radio and Events sub-logs.
-
-       The logging interfaces are a series of macros,  all  of  which  can  be
-       overridden individually in order to control the verbosity of the appli‐
-       cation or library.  [ASR]LOG[VDIWE] calls are used  to  log  to  BAsic,
-       System or Radio sub-logs in either the Verbose, Debug, Info, Warning or
-       Error priorities.  [ASR]LOG[VDIWE]_IF calls are used  to  perform  thus
-       based  on a condition being true.  IF_ALOG[VDIWE] calls are true if the
-       current LOG_TAG is enabled at the specified priority.  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL
-       is  used to ALOG a message, then kill the process.  LOG_FATAL call is a
-       variant of LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL,  only  enabled  in  engineering,  and  not
-       release builds.  ALOG_ASSERT is used to ALOG a message if the condition
-       is  false;   the   condition   is   part   of   the   logged   message.
-       LOG_EVENT_(INT|LONG)  is  used  to  drop binary content into the Events
-       sub-log.
-
-       The log reading interfaces permit opening the  logs  either  singly  or
-       multiply,  retrieving  a  log  entry  at  a  time in time sorted order,
-       optionally limited to a specific pid and tail of the log(s) and finally
-       a  call closing the logs.  A single log can be opened with android_log‐
-       ger_list_open;  or  multiple  logs  can  be  opened  with  android_log‐
-       ger_list_alloc,  calling  in  turn the android_logger_open for each log
-       id.  Each entry can be retrieved  with  android_logger_list_read.   The
-       log(s) can be closed with android_logger_list_free.  The logs should be
-       opened  with an  ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY  mode.   ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK  mode
-       will report when the  log reading is done with an  EAGAIN  error return
-       code,  otherwise the  android_logger_list_read  call will block for new
-       entries.
-
-       The  ANDROID_LOG_WRAP  mode flag to the  android_logger_list_alloc_time
-       signals  logd to quiesce  the reader until the buffer is about to prune
-       at the start time then proceed to dumping content.
-
-       The  ANDROID_LOG_PSTORE mode flag to the android_logger_open is used to
-       switch from the active logs to the persistent logs from before the last
-       reboot.
-
-       The value returned by android_logger_open can be used as a parameter to
-       the  android_logger_clear  function to empty the sub-log.  It is recom‐
-       mended to only open log ANDROID_LOG_WRONLY in that case.
-
-       The value returned by android_logger_open can be used as a parameter to
-       the android_logger_get_log_(size|readable_size|version) to retrieve the
-       sub-log maximum size, readable size and log buffer format protocol ver‐
-       sion  respectively.  android_logger_get_id returns the id that was used
-       when  opening  the  sub-log.    It  is  recommended  to  open  the  log
-       ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY in these cases.
-
-       android_set_log_transport()  selects  transport  filters.  Argument  is
-       either LOGGER_DEFAULT, LOGGER_LOGD, LOGGER_NULL or LOGGER_LOCAL. Log to
-       logger daemon for default or logd, drop contents on floor,  or log into
-       local   memory   respectively.       Both   android_set_log_transport()
-       and android_get_log_transport() return the current  transport mask,  or
-       a negative errno for any problems.
-
-ERRORS
-       If messages fail, a negative error code will be returned to the caller.
-
-       The -ENOTCONN return code indicates that the logger daemon is stopped.
-
-       The  -EBADF return code indicates that the log access point can not be
-       opened, or the log buffer id is out of range.
-
-       For the  -EAGAIN  return code,  this means that the logging message was
-       temporarily backed-up either because of Denial Of Service (DOS) logging
-       pressure from some chatty application or service in the Android system,
-       or if too small of a value is set in /proc/sys/net/unix/max_dgram_qlen.
-       To aid in diagnosing the occurence of this,  a binary event from liblog
-       will be sent to the  log  daemon  once a  new  message  can get through
-       indicating how many  messages were  dropped  as a result.   Please take
-       action to resolve the structural problems at the source.
-
-       It is generally not advised for the caller to retry the  -EAGAIN return
-       code as  this  will  only  make the  problem(s)  worse  and  cause your
-       application to temporarily drop to the  logger daemon  priority,  BATCH
-       scheduling policy and background task cgroup. If you require a group of
-       messages to be passed atomically,  merge  them  into  one  message with
-       embedded newlines to the maximum length LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD.
-
-       Other return codes  from  writing operation can be returned.  Since the
-       library retries on EINTR, -EINTR should never be returned.
-
-SEE ALSO
-       syslogd(8), klogd, auditd(8)
-
-
-
-                                  08 Feb 2017                        LIBLOG(3)
diff --git a/liblog/README.md b/liblog/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98bee9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/liblog/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+Android liblog
+--------------
+
+Public Functions and Macros
+---------------------------
+
+    /*
+     * Please limit to 24 characters for runtime is loggable,
+     * 16 characters for persist is loggable, and logcat pretty
+     * alignment with limit of 7 characters.
+    */
+    #define LOG_TAG "yourtag"
+    #include <log/log.h>
+
+    ALOG(android_priority, tag, format, ...)
+    IF_ALOG(android_priority, tag)
+    LOG_PRI(priority, tag, format, ...)
+    LOG_PRI_VA(priority, tag, format, args)
+    #define LOG_TAG NULL
+    ALOGV(format, ...)
+    SLOGV(format, ...)
+    RLOGV(format, ...)
+    ALOGV_IF(cond, format, ...)
+    SLOGV_IF(cond, format, ...)
+    RLOGV_IF(cond, format, ...)
+    IF_ALOGC()
+    ALOGD(format, ...)
+    SLOGD(format, ...)
+    RLOGD(format, ...)
+    ALOGD_IF(cond, format, ...)
+    SLOGD_IF(cond, format, ...)
+    RLOGD_IF(cond, format, ...)
+    IF_ALOGD()
+    ALOGI(format, ...)
+    SLOGI(format, ...)
+    RLOGI(format, ...)
+    ALOGI_IF(cond, format, ...)
+    SLOGI_IF(cond, format, ...)
+    RLOGI_IF(cond, format, ...)
+    IF_ALOGI()
+    ALOGW(format, ...)
+    SLOGW(format, ...)
+    RLOGW(format, ...)
+    ALOGW_IF(cond, format, ...)
+    SLOGW_IF(cond, format, ...)
+    RLOGW_IF(cond, format, ...)
+    IF_ALOGW()
+    ALOGE(format, ...)
+    SLOGE(format, ...)
+    RLOGE(format, ...)
+    ALOGE_IF(cond, format, ...)
+    SLOGE_IF(cond, format, ...)
+    RLOGE_IF(cond, format, ...)
+    IF_ALOGE()
+    LOG_FATAL(format, ...)
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL(format, ...)
+    LOG_FATAL_IF(cond, format, ...)
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(cond, format, ...)
+    ALOG_ASSERT(cond, format, ...)
+    LOG_EVENT_INT(tag, value)
+    LOG_EVENT_LONG(tag, value)
+
+    clockid_t android_log_clockid()
+
+    log_id_t android_logger_get_id(struct logger *logger)
+    int android_logger_clear(struct logger *logger)
+    int android_logger_get_log_size(struct logger *logger)
+    int android_logger_get_log_readable_size(struct logger *logger)
+    int android_logger_get_log_version(struct logger *logger)
+
+    struct logger_list *android_logger_list_alloc(int mode, unsigned int tail, pid_t pid)
+    struct logger *android_logger_open(struct logger_list *logger_list, log_id_t id)
+    struct logger_list *android_logger_list_open(log_id_t id, int mode, unsigned int tail, pid_t pid)
+    int android_logger_list_read(struct logger_list *logger_list, struct log_msg *log_msg)
+    void android_logger_list_free(struct logger_list *logger_list)
+
+    log_id_t android_name_to_log_id(const char *logName)
+    const char *android_log_id_to_name(log_id_t log_id)
+
+    android_log_context create_android_logger(uint32_t tag)
+
+    int android_log_write_list_begin(android_log_context ctx)
+    int android_log_write_list_end(android_log_context ctx)
+
+    int android_log_write_int32(android_log_context ctx, int32_t value)
+    int android_log_write_int64(android_log_context ctx, int64_t value)
+    int android_log_write_string8(android_log_context ctx, const char *value)
+    int android_log_write_string8_len(android_log_context ctx, const char *value, size_t maxlen)
+    int android_log_write_float32(android_log_context ctx, float value)
+
+    int android_log_write_list(android_log_context ctx, log_id_t id = LOG_ID_EVENTS)
+
+    android_log_context create_android_log_parser(const char *msg, size_t len)
+    android_log_list_element android_log_read_next(android_log_context ctx)
+    android_log_list_element android_log_peek_next(android_log_context ctx)
+
+    int android_log_destroy(android_log_context *ctx)
+
+    #include <log/log_transport.h>
+
+    int android_set_log_transport(int transport_flag)
+    int android_get_log_transport()
+
+Description
+-----------
+
+liblog represents an interface to the volatile Android Logging system for NDK (Native) applications
+and libraries.  Interfaces for either writing or reading logs.  The log buffers are divided up in
+Main, System, Radio and Events sub-logs.
+
+The logging interfaces are a series of macros, all of which can be overridden individually in order
+to control the verbosity of the application or library.  `[ASR]LOG[VDIWE]` calls are used to log to
+BAsic, System or Radio sub-logs in either the Verbose, Debug, Info, Warning or Error priorities.
+`[ASR]LOG[VDIWE]_IF` calls are used to perform thus based on a condition being true.
+`IF_ALOG[VDIWE]` calls are true if the current `LOG_TAG` is enabled at the specified priority.
+`LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL` is used to `ALOG` a message, then kill the process.  `LOG_FATAL` call is a
+variant of `LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL`, only enabled in engineering, and not release builds.  `ALOG_ASSERT`
+is used to `ALOG` a message if the condition is false; the condition is part of the logged message.
+`LOG_EVENT_(INT|LONG)` is used to drop binary content into the Events sub-log.
+
+The log reading interfaces permit opening the logs either singly or multiply, retrieving a log entry
+at a time in time sorted order, optionally limited to a specific pid and tail of the log(s) and
+finally a call closing the logs.  A single log can be opened with `android_logger_list_open()`; or
+multiple logs can be opened with `android_logger_list_alloc()`, calling in turn the
+`android_logger_open()` for each log id.  Each entry can be retrieved with
+`android_logger_list_read()`.  The log(s) can be closed with `android_logger_list_free()`.  The logs
+should be opened with an `ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY` mode.  `ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK` mode will report when
+the log reading is done with an `EAGAIN` error return code, otherwise the
+`android_logger_list_read()` call will block for new entries.
+
+The `ANDROID_LOG_WRAP` mode flag to the `android_logger_list_alloc_time()` signals logd to quiesce
+the reader until the buffer is about to prune at the start time then proceed to dumping content.
+
+The `ANDROID_LOG_PSTORE` mode flag to the `android_logger_open()` is used to switch from the active
+logs to the persistent logs from before the last reboot.
+
+The value returned by `android_logger_open()` can be used as a parameter to the
+`android_logger_clear()` function to empty the sub-log.  It is recommended to only open log
+`ANDROID_LOG_WRONLY` in that case.
+
+The value returned by `android_logger_open()` can be used as a parameter to the
+`android_logger_get_log_(size|readable_size|version)` to retrieve the sub-log maximum size, readable
+size and log buffer format protocol version respectively.  `android_logger_get_id()` returns the id
+that was used when opening the sub-log.  It is recommended to open the log `ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY` in
+these cases.
+
+`android_set_log_transport()` selects transport filters.  Argument is either `LOGGER_DEFAULT`,
+`LOGGER_LOGD`, or `LOGGER_NULL`. Log to logger daemon for default or logd, or drop contents on floor
+respectively.  `Both android_set_log_transport()` and `android_get_log_transport()` return the
+current transport mask, or a negative errno for any problems.
+
+Errors
+------
+
+If messages fail, a negative error code will be returned to the caller.
+
+The `-ENOTCONN` return code indicates that the logger daemon is stopped.
+
+The `-EBADF` return code indicates that the log access point can not be opened, or the log buffer id
+is out of range.
+
+For the `-EAGAIN` return code, this means that the logging message was temporarily backed-up either
+because of Denial Of Service (DOS) logging pressure from some chatty application or service in the
+Android system, or if too small of a value is set in /proc/sys/net/unix/max_dgram_qlen.  To aid in
+diagnosing the occurence of this, a binary event from liblog will be sent to the log daemon once a
+new message can get through indicating how many messages were dropped as a result.  Please take
+action to resolve the structural problems at the source.
+
+It is generally not advised for the caller to retry the `-EAGAIN` return code as this will only make
+the problem(s) worse and cause your application to temporarily drop to the logger daemon priority,
+BATCH scheduling policy and background task cgroup. If you require a group of messages to be passed
+atomically, merge them into one message with embedded newlines to the maximum length
+`LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD`.
+
+Other return codes from writing operation can be returned.  Since the library retries on `EINTR`,
+`-EINTR` should never be returned.
diff --git a/liblog/config_read.c b/liblog/config_read.cpp
similarity index 68%
rename from liblog/config_read.c
rename to liblog/config_read.cpp
index ca80c80..80177a4 100644
--- a/liblog/config_read.c
+++ b/liblog/config_read.cpp
@@ -19,23 +19,21 @@
 #include "config_read.h"
 #include "logger.h"
 
-LIBLOG_HIDDEN struct listnode __android_log_transport_read = {
-  &__android_log_transport_read, &__android_log_transport_read
-};
-LIBLOG_HIDDEN struct listnode __android_log_persist_read = {
-  &__android_log_persist_read, &__android_log_persist_read
-};
+LIBLOG_HIDDEN struct listnode __android_log_transport_read = {&__android_log_transport_read,
+                                                              &__android_log_transport_read};
+LIBLOG_HIDDEN struct listnode __android_log_persist_read = {&__android_log_persist_read,
+                                                            &__android_log_persist_read};
 
-static void __android_log_add_transport(
-    struct listnode* list, struct android_log_transport_read* transport) {
-  size_t i;
+static void __android_log_add_transport(struct listnode* list,
+                                        struct android_log_transport_read* transport) {
+  uint32_t i;
 
   /* Try to keep one functioning transport for each log buffer id */
   for (i = LOG_ID_MIN; i < LOG_ID_MAX; i++) {
     struct android_log_transport_read* transp;
 
     if (list_empty(list)) {
-      if (!transport->available || ((*transport->available)(i) >= 0)) {
+      if (!transport->available || ((*transport->available)(static_cast<log_id_t>(i)) >= 0)) {
         list_add_tail(list, &transport->node);
         return;
       }
@@ -44,8 +42,8 @@
         if (!transp->available) {
           return;
         }
-        if (((*transp->available)(i) < 0) &&
-            (!transport->available || ((*transport->available)(i) >= 0))) {
+        if (((*transp->available)(static_cast<log_id_t>(i)) < 0) &&
+            (!transport->available || ((*transport->available)(static_cast<log_id_t>(i)) >= 0))) {
           list_add_tail(list, &transport->node);
           return;
         }
@@ -55,15 +53,8 @@
 }
 
 LIBLOG_HIDDEN void __android_log_config_read() {
-  if (__android_log_transport & LOGGER_LOCAL) {
-    extern struct android_log_transport_read localLoggerRead;
-
-    __android_log_add_transport(&__android_log_transport_read, &localLoggerRead);
-  }
-
 #if (FAKE_LOG_DEVICE == 0)
-  if ((__android_log_transport == LOGGER_DEFAULT) ||
-      (__android_log_transport & LOGGER_LOGD)) {
+  if ((__android_log_transport == LOGGER_DEFAULT) || (__android_log_transport & LOGGER_LOGD)) {
     extern struct android_log_transport_read logdLoggerRead;
     extern struct android_log_transport_read pmsgLoggerRead;
 
diff --git a/liblog/config_read.h b/liblog/config_read.h
index 7b29fa4..00ea453 100644
--- a/liblog/config_read.h
+++ b/liblog/config_read.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBLOG_CONFIG_READ_H__
-#define _LIBLOG_CONFIG_READ_H__
+#pragma once
 
 #include <cutils/list.h>
 
@@ -51,5 +50,3 @@
 LIBLOG_HIDDEN void __android_log_config_read_close();
 
 __END_DECLS
-
-#endif /* _LIBLOG_CONFIG_READ_H__ */
diff --git a/liblog/config_write.c b/liblog/config_write.cpp
similarity index 66%
rename from liblog/config_write.c
rename to liblog/config_write.cpp
index 0a8b52f..e65c238 100644
--- a/liblog/config_write.c
+++ b/liblog/config_write.cpp
@@ -19,23 +19,21 @@
 #include "config_write.h"
 #include "logger.h"
 
-LIBLOG_HIDDEN struct listnode __android_log_transport_write = {
-  &__android_log_transport_write, &__android_log_transport_write
-};
-LIBLOG_HIDDEN struct listnode __android_log_persist_write = {
-  &__android_log_persist_write, &__android_log_persist_write
-};
+LIBLOG_HIDDEN struct listnode __android_log_transport_write = {&__android_log_transport_write,
+                                                               &__android_log_transport_write};
+LIBLOG_HIDDEN struct listnode __android_log_persist_write = {&__android_log_persist_write,
+                                                             &__android_log_persist_write};
 
-static void __android_log_add_transport(
-    struct listnode* list, struct android_log_transport_write* transport) {
-  size_t i;
+static void __android_log_add_transport(struct listnode* list,
+                                        struct android_log_transport_write* transport) {
+  uint32_t i;
 
   /* Try to keep one functioning transport for each log buffer id */
   for (i = LOG_ID_MIN; i < LOG_ID_MAX; i++) {
     struct android_log_transport_write* transp;
 
     if (list_empty(list)) {
-      if (!transport->available || ((*transport->available)(i) >= 0)) {
+      if (!transport->available || ((*transport->available)(static_cast<log_id_t>(i)) >= 0)) {
         list_add_tail(list, &transport->node);
         return;
       }
@@ -44,8 +42,8 @@
         if (!transp->available) {
           return;
         }
-        if (((*transp->available)(i) < 0) &&
-            (!transport->available || ((*transport->available)(i) >= 0))) {
+        if (((*transp->available)(static_cast<log_id_t>(i)) < 0) &&
+            (!transport->available || ((*transport->available)(static_cast<log_id_t>(i)) >= 0))) {
           list_add_tail(list, &transport->node);
           return;
         }
@@ -55,27 +53,17 @@
 }
 
 LIBLOG_HIDDEN void __android_log_config_write() {
-  if (__android_log_transport & LOGGER_LOCAL) {
-    extern struct android_log_transport_write localLoggerWrite;
-
-    __android_log_add_transport(&__android_log_transport_write,
-                                &localLoggerWrite);
-  }
-
-  if ((__android_log_transport == LOGGER_DEFAULT) ||
-      (__android_log_transport & LOGGER_LOGD)) {
+  if ((__android_log_transport == LOGGER_DEFAULT) || (__android_log_transport & LOGGER_LOGD)) {
 #if (FAKE_LOG_DEVICE == 0)
     extern struct android_log_transport_write logdLoggerWrite;
     extern struct android_log_transport_write pmsgLoggerWrite;
 
-    __android_log_add_transport(&__android_log_transport_write,
-                                &logdLoggerWrite);
+    __android_log_add_transport(&__android_log_transport_write, &logdLoggerWrite);
     __android_log_add_transport(&__android_log_persist_write, &pmsgLoggerWrite);
 #else
     extern struct android_log_transport_write fakeLoggerWrite;
 
-    __android_log_add_transport(&__android_log_transport_write,
-                                &fakeLoggerWrite);
+    __android_log_add_transport(&__android_log_transport_write, &fakeLoggerWrite);
 #endif
   }
 
@@ -88,8 +76,7 @@
      * Remember we can be called here if we are already initialized.
      */
     if (list_empty(&__android_log_transport_write)) {
-      __android_log_add_transport(&__android_log_transport_write,
-                                  &stderrLoggerWrite);
+      __android_log_add_transport(&__android_log_transport_write, &stderrLoggerWrite);
     } else {
       struct android_log_transport_write* transp;
       write_transport_for_each(transp, &__android_log_transport_write) {
@@ -97,8 +84,7 @@
           return;
         }
       }
-      __android_log_add_transport(&__android_log_persist_write,
-                                  &stderrLoggerWrite);
+      __android_log_add_transport(&__android_log_persist_write, &stderrLoggerWrite);
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/liblog/config_write.h b/liblog/config_write.h
index db1a083..e3be445 100644
--- a/liblog/config_write.h
+++ b/liblog/config_write.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBLOG_CONFIG_WRITE_H__
-#define _LIBLOG_CONFIG_WRITE_H__
+#pragma once
 
 #include <cutils/list.h>
 
@@ -51,5 +50,3 @@
 LIBLOG_HIDDEN void __android_log_config_write_close();
 
 __END_DECLS
-
-#endif /* _LIBLOG_CONFIG_WRITE_H__ */
diff --git a/liblog/event_tag_map.cpp b/liblog/event_tag_map.cpp
index 2e2bf87..574a386 100644
--- a/liblog/event_tag_map.cpp
+++ b/liblog/event_tag_map.cpp
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
   explicit MapString(const std::string& str)
       : alloc(new std::string(str)), str(alloc->data(), alloc->length()) {
   }
-  MapString(MapString&& rval)
+  MapString(MapString&& rval) noexcept
       : alloc(rval.alloc), str(rval.data(), rval.length()) {
     rval.alloc = NULL;
   }
diff --git a/liblog/fake_log_device.c b/liblog/fake_log_device.cpp
similarity index 88%
rename from liblog/fake_log_device.c
rename to liblog/fake_log_device.cpp
index 1483c24..5daae41 100644
--- a/liblog/fake_log_device.c
+++ b/liblog/fake_log_device.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
  * Intercepts log messages intended for the Android log device.
  * Messages are printed to stderr.
  */
+
+#include "fake_log_device.h"
+
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -30,9 +33,7 @@
 #include <time.h>
 
 #include <android/log.h>
-#include <log/uio.h>
 
-#include "fake_log_device.h"
 #include "log_portability.h"
 
 #define kMaxTagLen 16 /* from the long-dead utils/Log.cpp */
@@ -181,8 +182,7 @@
   logState->debugName[sizeof(logState->debugName) - 1] = '\0';
 
   /* identify binary logs */
-  if (!strcmp(pathName + kDevLogLen, "events") ||
-      !strcmp(pathName + kDevLogLen, "security")) {
+  if (!strcmp(pathName + kDevLogLen, "events") || !strcmp(pathName + kDevLogLen, "security")) {
     logState->isBinary = 1;
   }
 
@@ -204,8 +204,7 @@
       while (isspace(*tags)) tags++;
 
       i = 0;
-      while (*tags != '\0' && !isspace(*tags) && *tags != ':' &&
-             i < kMaxTagLen) {
+      while (*tags != '\0' && !isspace(*tags) && *tags != ':' && i < kMaxTagLen) {
         tagName[i++] = *tags++;
       }
       if (i == kMaxTagLen) {
@@ -313,13 +312,11 @@
  */
 static const char* getPriorityString(int priority) {
   /* the first character of each string should be unique */
-  static const char* priorityStrings[] = { "Verbose", "Debug", "Info",
-                                           "Warn",    "Error", "Assert" };
+  static const char* priorityStrings[] = {"Verbose", "Debug", "Info", "Warn", "Error", "Assert"};
   int idx;
 
   idx = (int)priority - (int)ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE;
-  if (idx < 0 ||
-      idx >= (int)(sizeof(priorityStrings) / sizeof(priorityStrings[0])))
+  if (idx < 0 || idx >= (int)(sizeof(priorityStrings) / sizeof(priorityStrings[0])))
     return "?unknown?";
   return priorityStrings[idx];
 }
@@ -351,8 +348,7 @@
  *
  * Log format parsing taken from the long-dead utils/Log.cpp.
  */
-static void showLog(LogState* state, int logPrio, const char* tag,
-                    const char* msg) {
+static void showLog(LogState* state, int logPrio, const char* tag, const char* msg) {
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
   struct tm tmBuf;
 #endif
@@ -397,19 +393,16 @@
 
   switch (state->outputFormat) {
     case FORMAT_TAG:
-      prefixLen =
-          snprintf(prefixBuf, sizeof(prefixBuf), "%c/%-8s: ", priChar, tag);
+      prefixLen = snprintf(prefixBuf, sizeof(prefixBuf), "%c/%-8s: ", priChar, tag);
       strcpy(suffixBuf, "\n");
       suffixLen = 1;
       break;
     case FORMAT_PROCESS:
-      prefixLen =
-          snprintf(prefixBuf, sizeof(prefixBuf), "%c(%5d) ", priChar, pid);
+      prefixLen = snprintf(prefixBuf, sizeof(prefixBuf), "%c(%5d) ", priChar, pid);
       suffixLen = snprintf(suffixBuf, sizeof(suffixBuf), "  (%s)\n", tag);
       break;
     case FORMAT_THREAD:
-      prefixLen = snprintf(prefixBuf, sizeof(prefixBuf), "%c(%5d:%5d) ",
-                           priChar, pid, tid);
+      prefixLen = snprintf(prefixBuf, sizeof(prefixBuf), "%c(%5d:%5d) ", priChar, pid, tid);
       strcpy(suffixBuf, "\n");
       suffixLen = 1;
       break;
@@ -420,28 +413,24 @@
       suffixLen = 1;
       break;
     case FORMAT_TIME:
-      prefixLen =
-          snprintf(prefixBuf, sizeof(prefixBuf), "%s %-8s\n\t", timeBuf, tag);
+      prefixLen = snprintf(prefixBuf, sizeof(prefixBuf), "%s %-8s\n\t", timeBuf, tag);
       strcpy(suffixBuf, "\n");
       suffixLen = 1;
       break;
     case FORMAT_THREADTIME:
-      prefixLen =
-          snprintf(prefixBuf, sizeof(prefixBuf), "%s %5d %5d %c %-8s \n\t",
-                   timeBuf, pid, tid, priChar, tag);
+      prefixLen = snprintf(prefixBuf, sizeof(prefixBuf), "%s %5d %5d %c %-8s \n\t", timeBuf, pid,
+                           tid, priChar, tag);
       strcpy(suffixBuf, "\n");
       suffixLen = 1;
       break;
     case FORMAT_LONG:
-      prefixLen =
-          snprintf(prefixBuf, sizeof(prefixBuf), "[ %s %5d:%5d %c/%-8s ]\n",
-                   timeBuf, pid, tid, priChar, tag);
+      prefixLen = snprintf(prefixBuf, sizeof(prefixBuf), "[ %s %5d:%5d %c/%-8s ]\n", timeBuf, pid,
+                           tid, priChar, tag);
       strcpy(suffixBuf, "\n\n");
       suffixLen = 2;
       break;
     default:
-      prefixLen = snprintf(prefixBuf, sizeof(prefixBuf),
-                           "%c/%-8s(%5d): ", priChar, tag, pid);
+      prefixLen = snprintf(prefixBuf, sizeof(prefixBuf), "%c/%-8s(%5d): ", priChar, tag, pid);
       strcpy(suffixBuf, "\n");
       suffixLen = 1;
       break;
@@ -559,8 +548,7 @@
  *  tag (N bytes -- null-terminated ASCII string)
  *  message (N bytes -- null-terminated ASCII string)
  */
-LIBLOG_HIDDEN ssize_t fakeLogWritev(int fd, const struct iovec* vector,
-                                    int count) {
+LIBLOG_HIDDEN ssize_t fakeLogWritev(int fd, const struct iovec* vector, int count) {
   LogState* state;
 
   /* Make sure that no-one frees the LogState while we're using it.
@@ -572,17 +560,24 @@
   state = fdToLogState(fd);
   if (state == NULL) {
     errno = EBADF;
-    goto error;
+    unlock();
+    return -1;
   }
 
   if (state->isBinary) {
     TRACE("%s: ignoring binary log\n", state->debugName);
-    goto bail;
+    unlock();
+    int len = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+      len += vector[i].iov_len;
+    }
+    return len;
   }
 
   if (count != 3) {
     TRACE("%s: writevLog with count=%d not expected\n", state->debugName, count);
-    goto error;
+    unlock();
+    return -1;
   }
 
   /* pull out the three fields */
@@ -598,7 +593,6 @@
       break; /* reached end of configured values */
 
     if (strcmp(state->tagSet[i].tag, tag) == 0) {
-      // TRACE("MATCH tag '%s'\n", tag);
       minPrio = state->tagSet[i].minPriority;
       break;
     }
@@ -606,21 +600,14 @@
 
   if (logPrio >= minPrio) {
     showLog(state, logPrio, tag, msg);
-  } else {
-    // TRACE("+++ NOLOG(%d): %s %s", logPrio, tag, msg);
   }
 
-bail:
   unlock();
   int len = 0;
   for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
     len += vector[i].iov_len;
   }
   return len;
-
-error:
-  unlock();
-  return -1;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -663,22 +650,16 @@
   return fd;
 }
 
-LIBLOG_HIDDEN ssize_t __send_log_msg(char* buf __unused,
-                                     size_t buf_size __unused) {
+LIBLOG_HIDDEN ssize_t __send_log_msg(char*, size_t) {
   return -ENODEV;
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_is_loggable(int prio,
-                                                const char* tag __unused,
-                                                int def) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_is_loggable(int prio, const char*, int def) {
   int logLevel = def;
   return logLevel >= 0 && prio >= logLevel;
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_is_loggable_len(int prio,
-                                                    const char* tag __unused,
-                                                    size_t len __unused,
-                                                    int def) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_is_loggable_len(int prio, const char*, size_t, int def) {
   int logLevel = def;
   return logLevel >= 0 && prio >= logLevel;
 }
diff --git a/liblog/fake_log_device.h b/liblog/fake_log_device.h
index 7b0e745..ef0beb6 100644
--- a/liblog/fake_log_device.h
+++ b/liblog/fake_log_device.h
@@ -14,18 +14,25 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBLOG_FAKE_LOG_DEVICE_H
-#define _LIBLOG_FAKE_LOG_DEVICE_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include "log_portability.h"
+#include "uio.h"
 
 struct iovec;
 
+__BEGIN_DECLS
+
 LIBLOG_HIDDEN int fakeLogOpen(const char* pathName);
 LIBLOG_HIDDEN int fakeLogClose(int fd);
 LIBLOG_HIDDEN ssize_t fakeLogWritev(int fd, const struct iovec* vector,
                                     int count);
 
-#endif  // _LIBLOG_FAKE_LOG_DEVICE_H
+LIBLOG_HIDDEN ssize_t __send_log_msg(char*, size_t);
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_is_loggable(int prio, const char*, int def);
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_is_loggable_len(int prio, const char*, size_t, int def);
+LIBLOG_ABI_PRIVATE int __android_log_is_debuggable();
+
+__END_DECLS
diff --git a/liblog/fake_writer.c b/liblog/fake_writer.cpp
similarity index 82%
rename from liblog/fake_writer.c
rename to liblog/fake_writer.cpp
index 403dc72..46d171b 100644
--- a/liblog/fake_writer.c
+++ b/liblog/fake_writer.cpp
@@ -27,19 +27,18 @@
 
 static int fakeOpen();
 static void fakeClose();
-static int fakeWrite(log_id_t log_id, struct timespec* ts, struct iovec* vec,
-                     size_t nr);
+static int fakeWrite(log_id_t log_id, struct timespec* ts, struct iovec* vec, size_t nr);
 
-static int logFds[(int)LOG_ID_MAX] = { -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1 };
+static int logFds[(int)LOG_ID_MAX] = {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1};
 
 LIBLOG_HIDDEN struct android_log_transport_write fakeLoggerWrite = {
-  .node = { &fakeLoggerWrite.node, &fakeLoggerWrite.node },
-  .context.priv = &logFds,
-  .name = "fake",
-  .available = NULL,
-  .open = fakeOpen,
-  .close = fakeClose,
-  .write = fakeWrite,
+    .node = {&fakeLoggerWrite.node, &fakeLoggerWrite.node},
+    .context.priv = &logFds,
+    .name = "fake",
+    .available = NULL,
+    .open = fakeOpen,
+    .close = fakeClose,
+    .write = fakeWrite,
 };
 
 static int fakeOpen() {
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@
     if (logFds[i] >= 0) {
       continue;
     }
-    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/dev/log_%s", android_log_id_to_name(i));
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/dev/log_%s", android_log_id_to_name(static_cast<log_id_t>(i)));
     logFds[i] = fakeLogOpen(buf);
     if (logFds[i] < 0) {
       fprintf(stderr, "fakeLogOpen(%s) failed\n", buf);
@@ -72,8 +71,7 @@
   }
 }
 
-static int fakeWrite(log_id_t log_id, struct timespec* ts __unused,
-                     struct iovec* vec, size_t nr) {
+static int fakeWrite(log_id_t log_id, struct timespec*, struct iovec* vec, size_t nr) {
   ssize_t ret;
   size_t i;
   int logFd, len;
diff --git a/liblog/include/android/log.h b/liblog/include/android/log.h
index ee9220d..b2f0ed9 100644
--- a/liblog/include/android/log.h
+++ b/liblog/include/android/log.h
@@ -14,25 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _ANDROID_LOG_H
-#define _ANDROID_LOG_H
-
-/******************************************************************
- *
- * IMPORTANT NOTICE:
- *
- *   This file is part of Android's set of stable system headers
- *   exposed by the Android NDK (Native Development Kit) since
- *   platform release 1.5
- *
- *   Third-party source AND binary code relies on the definitions
- *   here to be FROZEN ON ALL UPCOMING PLATFORM RELEASES.
- *
- *   - DO NOT MODIFY ENUMS (EXCEPT IF YOU ADD NEW 32-BIT VALUES)
- *   - DO NOT MODIFY CONSTANTS OR FUNCTIONAL MACROS
- *   - DO NOT CHANGE THE SIGNATURE OF FUNCTIONS IN ANY WAY
- *   - DO NOT CHANGE THE LAYOUT OR SIZE OF STRUCTURES
- */
+#pragma once
 
 /**
  * @addtogroup Logging
@@ -154,27 +136,51 @@
 
 #ifndef log_id_t_defined
 #define log_id_t_defined
+/**
+ * Identifies a specific log buffer for __android_log_buf_write()
+ * and __android_log_buf_print().
+ */
 typedef enum log_id {
   LOG_ID_MIN = 0,
 
+  /** The main log buffer. This is the only log buffer available to apps. */
   LOG_ID_MAIN = 0,
+  /** The radio log buffer. */
   LOG_ID_RADIO = 1,
+  /** The event log buffer. */
   LOG_ID_EVENTS = 2,
+  /** The system log buffer. */
   LOG_ID_SYSTEM = 3,
+  /** The crash log buffer. */
   LOG_ID_CRASH = 4,
+  /** The statistics log buffer. */
   LOG_ID_STATS = 5,
+  /** The security log buffer. */
   LOG_ID_SECURITY = 6,
-  LOG_ID_KERNEL = 7, /* place last, third-parties can not use it */
+  /** The kernel log buffer. */
+  LOG_ID_KERNEL = 7,
 
   LOG_ID_MAX
 } log_id_t;
 #endif
 
-/*
- * Send a simple string to the log.
+/**
+ * Writes the constant string `text` to the log buffer `id`,
+ * with priority `prio` and tag `tag`.
+ *
+ * Apps should use __android_log_write() instead.
  */
 int __android_log_buf_write(int bufID, int prio, const char* tag,
                             const char* text);
+
+/**
+ * Writes a formatted string to log buffer `id`,
+ * with priority `prio` and tag `tag`.
+ * The details of formatting are the same as for
+ * [printf(3)](http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/printf.3.html).
+ *
+ * Apps should use __android_log_print() instead.
+ */
 int __android_log_buf_print(int bufID, int prio, const char* tag,
                             const char* fmt, ...)
 #if defined(__GNUC__)
@@ -187,5 +193,3 @@
 #endif
 
 /** @} */
-
-#endif /* _ANDROID_LOG_H */
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/event_tag_map.h b/liblog/include/log/event_tag_map.h
index 8dd9157..2687b3a 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/event_tag_map.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/event_tag_map.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBS_CUTILS_EVENTTAGMAP_H
-#define _LIBS_CUTILS_EVENTTAGMAP_H
+#pragma once
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
@@ -69,5 +68,3 @@
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
-
-#endif /*_LIBS_CUTILS_EVENTTAGMAP_H*/
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log.h b/liblog/include/log/log.h
index 3813e6e..5928649 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBS_LOG_LOG_H
-#define _LIBS_LOG_LOG_H
+#pragma once
 
 /* Too many in the ecosystem assume these are included */
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
@@ -35,7 +34,6 @@
 #include <log/log_safetynet.h>
 #include <log/log_system.h>
 #include <log/log_time.h>
-#include <log/uio.h> /* helper to define iovec for portability */
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
@@ -152,35 +150,12 @@
 
 #ifdef __linux__
 
-#ifndef __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOCK_INTERFACE
-#ifndef __ANDROID_API__
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOCK_INTERFACE 1
-#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 22 /* > Lollipop */
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOCK_INTERFACE 1
-#else
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOCK_INTERFACE 0
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOCK_INTERFACE
 clockid_t android_log_clockid(void);
-#endif
 
 #endif /* __linux__ */
 
 /* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 
-#ifndef __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOSE_INTERFACE
-#ifndef __ANDROID_API__
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOSE_INTERFACE 1
-#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 18 /* > JellyBean */
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOSE_INTERFACE 1
-#else
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOSE_INTERFACE 0
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_CLOSE_INTERFACE
 /*
  * Release any logger resources (a new log write will immediately re-acquire)
  *
@@ -188,54 +163,6 @@
  * all O_CLOEXEC so wil self clean on exec().
  */
 void __android_log_close(void);
-#endif
-
-#ifndef __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_RATELIMIT_INTERFACE
-#ifndef __ANDROID_API__
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_RATELIMIT_INTERFACE 1
-#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 25 /* > OC */
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_RATELIMIT_INTERFACE 1
-#else
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_RATELIMIT_INTERFACE 0
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_RATELIMIT_INTERFACE
-
-/*
- * if last is NULL, caller _must_ provide a consistent value for seconds.
- *
- * Return -1 if we can not acquire a lock, which below will permit the logging,
- * error on allowing a log message through.
- */
-int __android_log_ratelimit(time_t seconds, time_t* last);
-
-/*
- * Usage:
- *
- *   // Global default and state
- *   IF_ALOG_RATELIMIT() {
- *      ALOG*(...);
- *   }
- *
- *   // local state, 10 seconds ratelimit
- *   static time_t local_state;
- *   IF_ALOG_RATELIMIT_LOCAL(10, &local_state) {
- *     ALOG*(...);
- *   }
- */
-
-#define IF_ALOG_RATELIMIT() if (__android_log_ratelimit(0, NULL) > 0)
-#define IF_ALOG_RATELIMIT_LOCAL(seconds, state) \
-  if (__android_log_ratelimit(seconds, state) > 0)
-
-#else
-
-/* No ratelimiting as API unsupported */
-#define IF_ALOG_RATELIMIT() if (1)
-#define IF_ALOG_RATELIMIT_LOCAL(...) if (1)
-
-#endif
 
 #if defined(__clang__)
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
@@ -244,5 +171,3 @@
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
-
-#endif /* _LIBS_LOG_LOG_H */
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_event_list.h b/liblog/include/log/log_event_list.h
index 1b7c377..636d417 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_event_list.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_event_list.h
@@ -14,16 +14,13 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBS_LOG_EVENT_LIST_H
-#define _LIBS_LOG_EVENT_LIST_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-#if (defined(__cplusplus) && defined(_USING_LIBCXX))
-extern "C++" {
+#ifdef __cplusplus
 #include <string>
-}
 #endif
 
 #include <log/log.h>
@@ -32,18 +29,6 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-#ifndef __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_EVENT_INTERFACE
-#ifndef __ANDROID_API__
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_EVENT_INTERFACE 1
-#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 23 /* > Marshmallow */
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_EVENT_INTERFACE 1
-#else
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_EVENT_INTERFACE 0
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_EVENT_INTERFACE
-
 /* For manipulating lists of events. */
 
 #define ANDROID_MAX_LIST_NEST_DEPTH 8
@@ -124,8 +109,6 @@
 /* android_log_list C++ helpers */
 extern "C++" {
 class android_log_event_list {
-  friend class __android_log_event_list;
-
  private:
   android_log_context ctx;
   int ret;
@@ -137,10 +120,6 @@
   explicit android_log_event_list(int tag) : ret(0) {
     ctx = create_android_logger(static_cast<uint32_t>(tag));
   }
-  explicit android_log_event_list(log_msg& log_msg) : ret(0) {
-    ctx = create_android_log_parser(log_msg.msg() + sizeof(uint32_t),
-                                    log_msg.entry.len - sizeof(uint32_t));
-  }
   ~android_log_event_list() {
     android_log_destroy(&ctx);
   }
@@ -208,14 +187,12 @@
     return *this;
   }
 
-#if defined(_USING_LIBCXX)
   android_log_event_list& operator<<(const std::string& value) {
     int retval =
         android_log_write_string8_len(ctx, value.data(), value.length());
     if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
     return *this;
   }
-#endif
 
   android_log_event_list& operator<<(float value) {
     int retval = android_log_write_float32(ctx, value);
@@ -269,7 +246,6 @@
     return ret >= 0;
   }
 
-#if defined(_USING_LIBCXX)
   bool AppendString(const std::string& value) {
     int retval =
         android_log_write_string8_len(ctx, value.data(), value.length());
@@ -283,7 +259,6 @@
     if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
     return ret;
   }
-#endif
 
   bool AppendFloat(float value) {
     int retval = android_log_write_float32(ctx, value);
@@ -302,22 +277,11 @@
     if (retval < 0) ret = retval;
     return ret >= 0;
   }
-
-  android_log_list_element read() {
-    return android_log_read_next(ctx);
-  }
-  android_log_list_element peek() {
-    return android_log_peek_next(ctx);
-  }
 };
 }
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#endif /* __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_EVENT_INTERFACE */
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
-
-#endif /* _LIBS_LOG_EVENT_LIST_H */
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_id.h b/liblog/include/log/log_id.h
index c44f5a2..c052a50 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_id.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_id.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBS_LOG_LOG_ID_H
-#define _LIBS_LOG_LOG_ID_H
+#pragma once
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
@@ -62,5 +61,3 @@
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
-
-#endif /* _LIBS_LOG_LOG_ID_H */
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_main.h b/liblog/include/log/log_main.h
index e7b1728..64791c2 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_main.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_main.h
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBS_LOG_LOG_MAIN_H
-#define _LIBS_LOG_LOG_MAIN_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <stdbool.h>
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <android/log.h>
-#include <sys/cdefs.h>
 
 __BEGIN_DECLS
 
@@ -56,15 +56,24 @@
 /*
  * Use __VA_ARGS__ if running a static analyzer,
  * to avoid warnings of unused variables in __VA_ARGS__.
- * __FAKE_USE_VA_ARGS is undefined at link time,
- * so don't link with __clang_analyzer__ defined.
+ * Use contexpr function in C++ mode, so these macros can be used
+ * in other constexpr functions without warning.
  */
 #ifdef __clang_analyzer__
-extern void __fake_use_va_args(int, ...);
-#define __FAKE_USE_VA_ARGS(...) __fake_use_va_args(0, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C++" {
+template <typename... Ts>
+constexpr int __fake_use_va_args(Ts...) {
+  return 0;
+}
+}
+#else
+extern int __fake_use_va_args(int, ...);
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+#define __FAKE_USE_VA_ARGS(...) ((void)__fake_use_va_args(0, ##__VA_ARGS__))
 #else
 #define __FAKE_USE_VA_ARGS(...) ((void)(0))
-#endif
+#endif /* __clang_analyzer__ */
 
 #ifndef __predict_false
 #define __predict_false(exp) __builtin_expect((exp) != 0, 0)
@@ -340,20 +349,6 @@
  *        over Android.
  */
 
-#ifndef __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE
-#ifndef __ANDROID_API__
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE 2
-#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 24 /* > Nougat */
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE 2
-#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 22 /* > Lollipop */
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE 1
-#else
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE 0
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE
-
 /*
  * Use the per-tag properties "log.tag.<tagname>" to generate a runtime
  * result of non-zero to expose a log. prio is ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE to
@@ -361,12 +356,7 @@
  * any other value.
  */
 int __android_log_is_loggable(int prio, const char* tag, int default_prio);
-
-#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE > 1
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-int __android_log_is_loggable_len(int prio, const char* tag, size_t len,
-                                  int default_prio);
+int __android_log_is_loggable_len(int prio, const char* tag, size_t len, int default_prio);
 
 #if LOG_NDEBUG /* Production */
 #define android_testLog(prio, tag)                                           \
@@ -378,28 +368,8 @@
                                  ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE) != 0)
 #endif
 
-#else
-
-#if LOG_NDEBUG /* Production */
-#define android_testLog(prio, tag) \
-  (__android_log_is_loggable(prio, tag, ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG) != 0)
-#else
-#define android_testLog(prio, tag) \
-  (__android_log_is_loggable(prio, tag, ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE) != 0)
-#endif
-
-#endif
-
-#else /* __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE */
-
-#define android_testLog(prio, tag) (1)
-
-#endif /* !__ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_LOGGABLE_INTERFACE */
-
 #if defined(__clang__)
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
 #endif
 
 __END_DECLS
-
-#endif /* _LIBS_LOG_LOG_MAIN_H */
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_properties.h b/liblog/include/log/log_properties.h
index 7d398a6..3a8af6d 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_properties.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_properties.h
@@ -7,29 +7,14 @@
 ** General Public License.
 */
 
-#ifndef _LIBS_LOG_PROPERTIES_H
-#define _LIBS_LOG_PROPERTIES_H
+#pragma once
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-#ifndef __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_IS_DEBUGGABLE_INTERFACE
-#ifndef __ANDROID_API__
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_IS_DEBUGGABLE_INTERFACE 1
-#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 24 /* > Nougat */
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_IS_DEBUGGABLE_INTERFACE 1
-#else
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_IS_DEBUGGABLE_INTERFACE 0
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_IS_DEBUGGABLE_INTERFACE
 int __android_log_is_debuggable();
-#endif
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
-
-#endif /* _LIBS_LOG_PROPERTIES_H */
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_radio.h b/liblog/include/log/log_radio.h
index bd629fe..8b8a362 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_radio.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_radio.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBS_LOG_LOG_RADIO_H
-#define _LIBS_LOG_LOG_RADIO_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <android/log.h>
 #include <log/log_id.h>
@@ -140,5 +139,3 @@
                                         LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))           \
        : (void)0)
 #endif
-
-#endif /* _LIBS_LOG_LOG_RADIO_H */
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_read.h b/liblog/include/log/log_read.h
index 93b9d4e..fdef306 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_read.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_read.h
@@ -14,8 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBS_LOG_LOG_READ_H
-#define _LIBS_LOG_LOG_READ_H
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
 
 /* deal with possible sys/cdefs.h conflict with fcntl.h */
 #ifdef __unused
@@ -47,6 +48,8 @@
  * access to raw information, or parsing is an issue.
  */
 
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wzero-length-array"
 /*
  * The userspace structure for version 1 of the logger_entry ABI.
  */
@@ -59,9 +62,7 @@
   int32_t tid;    /* generating process's tid */
   int32_t sec;    /* seconds since Epoch */
   int32_t nsec;   /* nanoseconds */
-#ifndef __cplusplus
   char msg[0]; /* the entry's payload */
-#endif
 };
 #endif
 
@@ -78,9 +79,7 @@
   int32_t sec;       /* seconds since Epoch */
   int32_t nsec;      /* nanoseconds */
   uint32_t euid;     /* effective UID of logger */
-#ifndef __cplusplus
   char msg[0]; /* the entry's payload */
-#endif
 } __attribute__((__packed__));
 #endif
 
@@ -97,9 +96,7 @@
   int32_t sec;       /* seconds since Epoch */
   int32_t nsec;      /* nanoseconds */
   uint32_t lid;      /* log id of the payload */
-#ifndef __cplusplus
   char msg[0]; /* the entry's payload */
-#endif
 } __attribute__((__packed__));
 #endif
 
@@ -117,11 +114,10 @@
   uint32_t nsec;     /* nanoseconds */
   uint32_t lid;      /* log id of the payload, bottom 4 bits currently */
   uint32_t uid;      /* generating process's uid */
-#ifndef __cplusplus
   char msg[0]; /* the entry's payload */
-#endif
 };
 #endif
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
 
 /*
  * The maximum size of the log entry payload that can be
@@ -197,22 +193,6 @@
 };
 #endif
 
-#ifndef __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE
-#ifndef __ANDROID_API__
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE 3
-#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 23 /* > Marshmallow */
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE 3
-#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 22 /* > Lollipop */
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE 2
-#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 19 /* > KitKat */
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE 1
-#else
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE 0
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE
-
 struct logger;
 
 log_id_t android_logger_get_id(struct logger* logger);
@@ -225,14 +205,12 @@
 
 struct logger_list;
 
-#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE > 1
 ssize_t android_logger_get_statistics(struct logger_list* logger_list,
                                       char* buf, size_t len);
 ssize_t android_logger_get_prune_list(struct logger_list* logger_list,
                                       char* buf, size_t len);
 int android_logger_set_prune_list(struct logger_list* logger_list, char* buf,
                                   size_t len);
-#endif
 
 #define ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY O_RDONLY
 #define ANDROID_LOG_WRONLY O_WRONLY
@@ -243,13 +221,9 @@
 #else
 #define ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK O_NONBLOCK
 #endif
-#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE > 2
 #define ANDROID_LOG_WRAP 0x40000000 /* Block until buffer about to wrap */
 #define ANDROID_LOG_WRAP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT 7200 /* 2 hour default */
-#endif
-#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE > 1
 #define ANDROID_LOG_PSTORE 0x80000000
-#endif
 
 struct logger_list* android_logger_list_alloc(int mode, unsigned int tail,
                                               pid_t pid);
@@ -268,10 +242,6 @@
                                              unsigned int tail, pid_t pid);
 #define android_logger_list_close android_logger_list_free
 
-#endif /* __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_READER_INTERFACE */
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
-
-#endif /* _LIBS_LOG_LOG_H */
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_safetynet.h b/liblog/include/log/log_safetynet.h
index 07e8c8a..d3e9b19 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_safetynet.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_safetynet.h
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@
 ** General Public License.
 */
 
-#ifndef _LIBS_LOG_SAFETYNET_H
-#define _LIBS_LOG_SAFETYNET_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 
@@ -16,18 +15,6 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-#ifndef _ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_SAFETYNET_INTERFACE
-#ifndef __ANDROID_API__
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_SAFETYNET_INTERFACE 1
-#elif __ANDROID_API__ > 22 /* > Lollipop */
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_SAFETYNET_INTERFACE 1
-#else
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_SAFETYNET_INTERFACE 0
-#endif
-#endif
-
-#if __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_SAFETYNET_INTERFACE
-
 #define android_errorWriteLog(tag, subTag) \
   __android_log_error_write(tag, subTag, -1, NULL, 0)
 
@@ -37,10 +24,6 @@
 int __android_log_error_write(int tag, const char* subTag, int32_t uid,
                               const char* data, uint32_t dataLen);
 
-#endif /* __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_SAFETYNET_INTERFACE */
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
-
-#endif /* _LIBS_LOG_SAFETYNET_H */
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_system.h b/liblog/include/log/log_system.h
index 3b5ae22..eaec741 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_system.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_system.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBS_LOG_LOG_SYSTEM_H
-#define _LIBS_LOG_LOG_SYSTEM_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <android/log.h>
 #include <log/log_id.h>
@@ -138,5 +137,3 @@
                                         LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__))            \
        : (void)0)
 #endif
-
-#endif /* _LIBS_LOG_LOG_SYSTEM_H */
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_time.h b/liblog/include/log/log_time.h
index 309f5d1..09c9910 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_time.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_time.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBS_LOG_LOG_TIME_H
-#define _LIBS_LOG_LOG_TIME_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <time.h>
@@ -34,6 +33,8 @@
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 
+extern "C" {
+
 /*
  * NB: we did NOT define a copy constructor. This will result in structure
  * no longer being compatible with pass-by-value which is desired
@@ -41,25 +42,19 @@
  */
 struct log_time {
  public:
-  uint32_t tv_sec; /* good to Feb 5 2106 */
-  uint32_t tv_nsec;
+  uint32_t tv_sec = 0; /* good to Feb 5 2106 */
+  uint32_t tv_nsec = 0;
 
   static const uint32_t tv_sec_max = 0xFFFFFFFFUL;
   static const uint32_t tv_nsec_max = 999999999UL;
+  static const timespec EPOCH;
 
-  log_time(const timespec& T)
-      : tv_sec(static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_sec)),
-        tv_nsec(static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_nsec)) {
-  }
+  log_time() {}
+  explicit log_time(const timespec& T)
+      : tv_sec(static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_sec)), tv_nsec(static_cast<uint32_t>(T.tv_nsec)) {}
   explicit log_time(uint32_t sec, uint32_t nsec = 0)
       : tv_sec(sec), tv_nsec(nsec) {
   }
-#ifdef _SYSTEM_CORE_INCLUDE_PRIVATE_ANDROID_LOGGER_H_
-#define __struct_log_time_private_defined
-  static const timespec EPOCH;
-#endif
-  log_time() {
-  }
 #ifdef __linux__
   explicit log_time(clockid_t id) {
     timespec T;
@@ -103,7 +98,6 @@
     return !(*this > T);
   }
 
-#ifdef _SYSTEM_CORE_INCLUDE_PRIVATE_ANDROID_LOGGER_H_
   log_time operator-=(const timespec& T);
   log_time operator-(const timespec& T) const {
     log_time local(*this);
@@ -114,7 +108,6 @@
     log_time local(*this);
     return local += T;
   }
-#endif
 
   /* log_time */
   bool operator==(const log_time& T) const {
@@ -138,7 +131,6 @@
     return !(*this > T);
   }
 
-#ifdef _SYSTEM_CORE_INCLUDE_PRIVATE_ANDROID_LOGGER_H_
   log_time operator-=(const log_time& T);
   log_time operator-(const log_time& T) const {
     log_time local(*this);
@@ -149,7 +141,6 @@
     log_time local(*this);
     return local += T;
   }
-#endif
 
   uint64_t nsec() const {
     return static_cast<uint64_t>(tv_sec) * NS_PER_SEC + tv_nsec;
@@ -163,13 +154,12 @@
            tv_nsec / (NS_PER_SEC / MS_PER_SEC);
   }
 
-#ifdef _SYSTEM_CORE_INCLUDE_PRIVATE_ANDROID_LOGGER_H_
   static const char default_format[];
 
   /* Add %#q for the fraction of a second to the standard library functions */
   char* strptime(const char* s, const char* format = default_format);
-#endif
 } __attribute__((__packed__));
+}
 
 #else /* __cplusplus */
 
@@ -181,5 +171,3 @@
 #endif /* __cplusplus */
 
 #endif /* __struct_log_time_defined */
-
-#endif /* _LIBS_LOG_LOG_TIME_H */
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_transport.h b/liblog/include/log/log_transport.h
index 80b30db..b48761a 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_transport.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_transport.h
@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@
 ** General Public License.
 */
 
-#ifndef _LIBS_LOG_TRANSPORT_H
-#define _LIBS_LOG_TRANSPORT_H
+#pragma once
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@
 #define LOGGER_LOGD    0x01
 #define LOGGER_KERNEL  0x02 /* Reserved/Deprecated */
 #define LOGGER_NULL    0x04 /* Does not release resources of other selections */
-#define LOGGER_LOCAL   0x08 /* logs sent to local memory */
+#define LOGGER_RESERVED 0x08 /* Reserved, previously for logging to local memory */
 #define LOGGER_STDERR  0x10 /* logs sent to stderr */
 /* clang-format on */
 
@@ -33,5 +32,3 @@
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
-
-#endif /* _LIBS_LOG_TRANSPORT_H */
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/logd.h b/liblog/include/log/logd.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 77400ca..0000000
--- a/liblog/include/log/logd.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef _LIBS_LOG_LOGD_H
-#define _LIBS_LOG_LOGD_H
-#include <log/log.h>
-#warning "Deprecated: do not include log/logd.h, use log/log.h instead"
-#endif /*_LIBS_LOG_LOGD_H*/
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/logger.h b/liblog/include/log/logger.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 1bf2d17..0000000
--- a/liblog/include/log/logger.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-#ifndef _LIBS_LOG_LOGGER_H
-#define _LIBS_LOG_LOGGER_H
-#include <log/log.h>
-#warning "Deprecated: do not include log/logger.h, use log/log.h instead"
-#endif /*_LIBS_LOG_LOGGER_H*/
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/logprint.h b/liblog/include/log/logprint.h
index ca58bc7..8f4b187 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/logprint.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/logprint.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LOGPRINT_H
-#define _LOGPRINT_H
+#pragma once
 
 #include <pthread.h>
 
@@ -158,5 +157,3 @@
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
-
-#endif /*_LOGPRINT_H*/
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/uio.h b/liblog/include/log/uio.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a492bae..0000000
--- a/liblog/include/log/uio.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2007-2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef _LIBS_CUTILS_UIO_H
-#define _LIBS_CUTILS_UIO_H
-
-#if !defined(_WIN32)
-
-#include <sys/uio.h>
-
-#else
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-
-//
-// Implementation of sys/uio.h for Win32.
-//
-
-#include <stddef.h>
-
-struct iovec {
-  void* iov_base;
-  size_t iov_len;
-};
-
-extern int readv(int fd, struct iovec* vecs, int count);
-extern int writev(int fd, const struct iovec* vecs, int count);
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif
-
-#endif /* _LIBS_UTILS_UIO_H */
diff --git a/liblog/include/private/android_logger.h b/liblog/include/private/android_logger.h
index b927b46..5e04148 100644
--- a/liblog/include/private/android_logger.h
+++ b/liblog/include/private/android_logger.h
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@
 
 /* This file is used to define the internal protocol for the Android Logger */
 
-#ifndef _SYSTEM_CORE_INCLUDE_PRIVATE_ANDROID_LOGGER_H_
-#define _SYSTEM_CORE_INCLUDE_PRIVATE_ANDROID_LOGGER_H_
+#pragma once
 
 /* Android private interfaces */
 
@@ -25,10 +24,8 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
-#if (defined(__cplusplus) && defined(_USING_LIBCXX))
-extern "C++" {
+#ifdef __cplusplus
 #include <string>
-}
 #endif
 
 #include <log/log.h>
@@ -153,41 +150,6 @@
 /* Retrieve the composed event buffer */
 int android_log_write_list_buffer(android_log_context ctx, const char** msg);
 
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-#ifdef __class_android_log_event_list_defined
-#ifndef __class_android_log_event_list_private_defined
-#define __class_android_log_event_list_private_defined
-/* android_log_context C++ helpers */
-extern "C++" {
-class __android_log_event_list : public android_log_event_list {
-  __android_log_event_list(const android_log_event_list&) = delete;
-  void operator=(const __android_log_event_list&) = delete;
-
- public:
-  explicit __android_log_event_list(int tag) : android_log_event_list(tag) {
-  }
-  explicit __android_log_event_list(log_msg& log_msg)
-      : android_log_event_list(log_msg) {
-  }
-
-#if defined(_USING_LIBCXX)
-  operator std::string() {
-    if (ret) return std::string("");
-    const char* cp = nullptr;
-    ssize_t len = android_log_write_list_buffer(ctx, &cp);
-    if (len < 0) ret = len;
-    if (!cp || (len <= 0)) return std::string("");
-    return std::string(cp, len);
-  }
-#endif
-};
-}
-#endif
-#endif
-#endif
-
 #if defined(__cplusplus)
 }
 #endif
-
-#endif /* _SYSTEM_CORE_INCLUDE_PRIVATE_ANDROID_LOGGER_H_ */
diff --git a/liblog/include_vndk/log/log_event_list.h b/liblog/include_vndk/log/log_event_list.h
index 9f74534..1f3dd37 100644
--- a/liblog/include_vndk/log/log_event_list.h
+++ b/liblog/include_vndk/log/log_event_list.h
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-#define __ANDROID_USE_LIBLOG_EVENT_INTERFACE 1
-
 /*
  * The opaque context used to manipulate lists of events.
  */
diff --git a/liblog/liblog.map.txt b/liblog/liblog.map.txt
index 015c9cb..191ef1b 100644
--- a/liblog/liblog.map.txt
+++ b/liblog/liblog.map.txt
@@ -59,3 +59,24 @@
     android_log_reset; #vndk
     android_log_parser_reset; #vndk
 };
+
+LIBLOG_PRIVATE {
+  global:
+    __android_log_bswrite;
+    __android_log_btwrite;
+    __android_log_bwrite;
+    __android_log_close;
+    __android_log_pmsg_file_read;
+    __android_log_pmsg_file_write;
+    __android_log_security;
+    __android_log_security_bswrite;
+    __android_logger_get_buffer_size;
+    __android_logger_property_get_bool;
+    android_openEventTagMap;
+    android_log_processBinaryLogBuffer;
+    android_log_processLogBuffer;
+    android_log_read_next;
+    android_log_write_list_buffer;
+    android_lookupEventTagNum;
+    create_android_log_parser;
+};
diff --git a/liblog/local_logger.c b/liblog/local_logger.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 563cb3f..0000000
--- a/liblog/local_logger.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,550 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <pthread.h>
-#if !defined(__MINGW32__)
-#include <pwd.h>
-#endif
-#include <log/uio.h>
-#include <sched.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#include <cutils/list.h> /* template, no library dependency */
-#include <log/log_transport.h>
-#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
-#include <private/android_logger.h>
-#include <system/thread_defs.h>
-
-#include "config_read.h"
-#include "config_write.h"
-#include "log_portability.h"
-#include "logger.h"
-
-static const char baseServiceName[] = "android.logd";
-
-static int writeToLocalInit();
-static int writeToLocalAvailable(log_id_t logId);
-static void writeToLocalReset();
-static int writeToLocalWrite(log_id_t logId, struct timespec* ts,
-                             struct iovec* vec, size_t nr);
-
-LIBLOG_HIDDEN struct android_log_transport_write localLoggerWrite = {
-  .node = { &localLoggerWrite.node, &localLoggerWrite.node },
-  .context.priv = NULL,
-  .name = "local",
-  .available = writeToLocalAvailable,
-  .open = writeToLocalInit,
-  .close = writeToLocalReset,
-  .write = writeToLocalWrite,
-};
-
-static int writeToLocalVersion(struct android_log_logger* logger,
-                               struct android_log_transport_context* transp);
-static int writeToLocalRead(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list,
-                            struct android_log_transport_context* transp,
-                            struct log_msg* log_msg);
-static int writeToLocalPoll(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list,
-                            struct android_log_transport_context* transp);
-static void writeToLocalClose(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list,
-                              struct android_log_transport_context* transp);
-static int writeToLocalClear(struct android_log_logger* logger,
-                             struct android_log_transport_context* transp);
-static ssize_t writeToLocalGetSize(struct android_log_logger* logger,
-                                   struct android_log_transport_context* transp);
-static ssize_t writeToLocalSetSize(
-    struct android_log_logger* logger,
-    struct android_log_transport_context* transp __unused, size_t size);
-static ssize_t writeToLocalGetReadbleSize(
-    struct android_log_logger* logger,
-    struct android_log_transport_context* transp);
-
-struct android_log_transport_read localLoggerRead = {
-  .node = { &localLoggerRead.node, &localLoggerRead.node },
-  .name = "local",
-  .available = writeToLocalAvailable,
-  .version = writeToLocalVersion,
-  .read = writeToLocalRead,
-  .poll = writeToLocalPoll,
-  .close = writeToLocalClose,
-  .clear = writeToLocalClear,
-  .getSize = writeToLocalGetSize,
-  .setSize = writeToLocalSetSize,
-  .getReadableSize = writeToLocalGetReadbleSize,
-  .getPrune = NULL,
-  .setPrune = NULL,
-  .getStats = NULL,
-};
-
-struct LogBufferElement {
-  struct listnode node;
-  log_id_t logId;
-  pid_t tid;
-  log_time timestamp;
-  unsigned short len;
-  char msg[];
-};
-
-static const size_t MAX_SIZE_DEFAULT = 32768;
-
-/*
- * Number of log buffers we support with the following assumption:
- *  . . .
- *   LOG_ID_SECURITY = 5, // security logs go to the system logs only
- *   LOG_ID_KERNEL = 6,   // place last, third-parties can not use it
- *   LOG_ID_MAX
- * } log_id_t;
- *
- * Confirm the following should <log/log_id.h> be adjusted in the future.
- */
-#define NUMBER_OF_LOG_BUFFERS \
-  ((LOG_ID_SECURITY == (LOG_ID_MAX - 2)) ? LOG_ID_SECURITY : LOG_ID_KERNEL)
-#define BLOCK_LOG_BUFFERS(id) \
-  (((id) == LOG_ID_SECURITY) || ((id) == LOG_ID_KERNEL))
-
-static struct LogBuffer {
-  struct listnode head;
-  pthread_rwlock_t listLock;
-  char* serviceName; /* Also indicates ready by having a value */
-  /* Order and proximity important for memset */
-  size_t number[NUMBER_OF_LOG_BUFFERS];         /* clear memset          */
-  size_t size[NUMBER_OF_LOG_BUFFERS];           /* clear memset          */
-  size_t totalSize[NUMBER_OF_LOG_BUFFERS];      /* init memset           */
-  size_t maxSize[NUMBER_OF_LOG_BUFFERS];        /* init MAX_SIZE_DEFAULT */
-  struct listnode* last[NUMBER_OF_LOG_BUFFERS]; /* init &head            */
-} logbuf = {
-  .head = { &logbuf.head, &logbuf.head }, .listLock = PTHREAD_RWLOCK_INITIALIZER,
-};
-
-static void LogBufferInit(struct LogBuffer* log) {
-  size_t i;
-
-  pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&log->listLock);
-  list_init(&log->head);
-  memset(log->number, 0,
-         sizeof(log->number) + sizeof(log->size) + sizeof(log->totalSize));
-  for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_LOG_BUFFERS; ++i) {
-    log->maxSize[i] = MAX_SIZE_DEFAULT;
-    log->last[i] = &log->head;
-  }
-#ifdef __BIONIC__
-  asprintf(&log->serviceName, "%s@%d:%d", baseServiceName, __android_log_uid(),
-           getpid());
-#else
-  char buffer[sizeof(baseServiceName) + 1 + 5 + 1 + 5 + 8];
-  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s@%d:%d", baseServiceName,
-           __android_log_uid(), getpid());
-  log->serviceName = strdup(buffer);
-#endif
-  pthread_rwlock_unlock(&log->listLock);
-}
-
-static void LogBufferClear(struct LogBuffer* log) {
-  size_t i;
-  struct listnode* node;
-
-  pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&log->listLock);
-  memset(log->number, 0, sizeof(log->number) + sizeof(log->size));
-  for (i = 0; i < NUMBER_OF_LOG_BUFFERS; ++i) {
-    log->last[i] = &log->head;
-  }
-  while ((node = list_head(&log->head)) != &log->head) {
-    struct LogBufferElement* element;
-
-    element = node_to_item(node, struct LogBufferElement, node);
-    list_remove(node);
-    free(element);
-  }
-  pthread_rwlock_unlock(&log->listLock);
-}
-
-static inline void LogBufferFree(struct LogBuffer* log) {
-  pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&log->listLock);
-  free(log->serviceName);
-  log->serviceName = NULL;
-  pthread_rwlock_unlock(&log->listLock);
-  LogBufferClear(log);
-}
-
-static int LogBufferLog(struct LogBuffer* log,
-                        struct LogBufferElement* element) {
-  log_id_t logId = element->logId;
-
-  pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&log->listLock);
-  log->number[logId]++;
-  log->size[logId] += element->len;
-  log->totalSize[logId] += element->len;
-  /* prune entry(s) until enough space is available */
-  if (log->last[logId] == &log->head) {
-    log->last[logId] = list_tail(&log->head);
-  }
-  while (log->size[logId] > log->maxSize[logId]) {
-    struct listnode* node = log->last[logId];
-    struct LogBufferElement* e;
-    struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list;
-
-    e = node_to_item(node, struct LogBufferElement, node);
-    log->number[logId]--;
-    log->size[logId] -= e->len;
-    logger_list_rdlock();
-    logger_list_for_each(logger_list) {
-      struct android_log_transport_context* transp;
-
-      transport_context_for_each(transp, logger_list) {
-        if ((transp->transport == &localLoggerRead) &&
-            (transp->context.node == node)) {
-          if (node == &log->head) {
-            transp->context.node = &log->head;
-          } else {
-            transp->context.node = node->next;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    logger_list_unlock();
-    if (node != &log->head) {
-      log->last[logId] = node->prev;
-    }
-    list_remove(node);
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(node == log->last[logId], "corrupted list");
-    free(e);
-  }
-  /* add entry to list */
-  list_add_head(&log->head, &element->node);
-  /* ToDo: wake up all readers */
-  pthread_rwlock_unlock(&log->listLock);
-
-  return element->len;
-}
-
-/*
- * return zero if permitted to log directly to logd,
- * return 1 if binder server started and
- * return negative error number if failed to start binder server.
- */
-static int writeToLocalInit() {
-  pthread_attr_t attr;
-  struct LogBuffer* log;
-
-  if (writeToLocalAvailable(LOG_ID_MAIN) < 0) {
-    return -EPERM;
-  }
-
-  log = &logbuf;
-  if (!log->serviceName) {
-    LogBufferInit(log);
-  }
-
-  if (!log->serviceName) {
-    LogBufferFree(log);
-    return -ENOMEM;
-  }
-
-  return EPERM; /* successful local-only logging */
-}
-
-static void writeToLocalReset() {
-  LogBufferFree(&logbuf);
-}
-
-static int writeToLocalAvailable(log_id_t logId) {
-#if !defined(__MINGW32__)
-  uid_t uid;
-#endif
-
-  if ((logId >= NUMBER_OF_LOG_BUFFERS) || BLOCK_LOG_BUFFERS(logId)) {
-    return -EINVAL;
-  }
-
-/* Android hard coded permitted, system goes to logd */
-#if !defined(__MINGW32__)
-  if (__android_log_transport == LOGGER_DEFAULT) {
-    uid = __android_log_uid();
-    if ((uid < AID_APP) && (getpwuid(uid) != NULL)) {
-      return -EPERM;
-    }
-  }
-#endif
-
-  /* ToDo: Ask package manager for LOGD permissions */
-  /* Assume we do _not_ have permissions to go to LOGD, so must go local */
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static int writeToLocalWrite(log_id_t logId, struct timespec* ts,
-                             struct iovec* vec, size_t nr) {
-  size_t len, i;
-  struct LogBufferElement* element;
-
-  if ((logId >= NUMBER_OF_LOG_BUFFERS) || BLOCK_LOG_BUFFERS(logId)) {
-    return -EINVAL;
-  }
-
-  len = 0;
-  for (i = 0; i < nr; ++i) {
-    len += vec[i].iov_len;
-  }
-
-  if (len > LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD) {
-    len = LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD;
-  }
-  element = (struct LogBufferElement*)calloc(
-      1, sizeof(struct LogBufferElement) + len + 1);
-  if (!element) {
-    return errno ? -errno : -ENOMEM;
-  }
-  element->timestamp.tv_sec = ts->tv_sec;
-  element->timestamp.tv_nsec = ts->tv_nsec;
-#ifdef __BIONIC__
-  element->tid = gettid();
-#else
-  element->tid = getpid();
-#endif
-  element->logId = logId;
-  element->len = len;
-
-  char* cp = element->msg;
-  for (i = 0; i < nr; ++i) {
-    size_t iov_len = vec[i].iov_len;
-    if (iov_len > len) {
-      iov_len = len;
-    }
-    memcpy(cp, vec[i].iov_base, iov_len);
-    len -= iov_len;
-    if (len == 0) {
-      break;
-    }
-    cp += iov_len;
-  }
-
-  return LogBufferLog(&logbuf, element);
-}
-
-static int writeToLocalVersion(struct android_log_logger* logger __unused,
-                               struct android_log_transport_context* transp
-                                   __unused) {
-  return 3;
-}
-
-/* within reader lock, serviceName already validated */
-static struct listnode* writeToLocalNode(
-    struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list,
-    struct android_log_transport_context* transp) {
-  struct listnode* node;
-  unsigned logMask;
-  unsigned int tail;
-
-  node = transp->context.node;
-  if (node) {
-    return node;
-  }
-
-  if (!logger_list->tail) {
-    return transp->context.node = &logbuf.head;
-  }
-
-  logMask = transp->logMask;
-  tail = logger_list->tail;
-
-  for (node = list_head(&logbuf.head); node != &logbuf.head; node = node->next) {
-    struct LogBufferElement* element;
-    log_id_t logId;
-
-    element = node_to_item(node, struct LogBufferElement, node);
-    logId = element->logId;
-
-    if ((logMask & (1 << logId)) && !--tail) {
-      node = node->next;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-  return transp->context.node = node;
-}
-
-static int writeToLocalRead(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list,
-                            struct android_log_transport_context* transp,
-                            struct log_msg* log_msg) {
-  int ret;
-  struct listnode* node;
-  unsigned logMask;
-
-  pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&logbuf.listLock);
-  if (!logbuf.serviceName) {
-    pthread_rwlock_unlock(&logbuf.listLock);
-    return (logger_list->mode & ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK) ? -ENODEV : 0;
-  }
-
-  logMask = transp->logMask;
-
-  node = writeToLocalNode(logger_list, transp);
-
-  ret = 0;
-
-  while (node != list_head(&logbuf.head)) {
-    struct LogBufferElement* element;
-    log_id_t logId;
-
-    node = node->prev;
-    element = node_to_item(node, struct LogBufferElement, node);
-    logId = element->logId;
-
-    if (logMask & (1 << logId)) {
-      ret = log_msg->entry_v3.len = element->len;
-      log_msg->entry_v3.hdr_size = sizeof(log_msg->entry_v3);
-      log_msg->entry_v3.pid = getpid();
-      log_msg->entry_v3.tid = element->tid;
-      log_msg->entry_v3.sec = element->timestamp.tv_sec;
-      log_msg->entry_v3.nsec = element->timestamp.tv_nsec;
-      log_msg->entry_v3.lid = logId;
-      memcpy(log_msg->entry_v3.msg, element->msg, ret);
-      ret += log_msg->entry_v3.hdr_size;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-
-  transp->context.node = node;
-
-  /* ToDo: if blocking, and no entry, put reader to sleep */
-  pthread_rwlock_unlock(&logbuf.listLock);
-  return ret;
-}
-
-static int writeToLocalPoll(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list,
-                            struct android_log_transport_context* transp) {
-  int ret = (logger_list->mode & ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK) ? -ENODEV : 0;
-
-  pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&logbuf.listLock);
-
-  if (logbuf.serviceName) {
-    unsigned logMask = transp->logMask;
-    struct listnode* node = writeToLocalNode(logger_list, transp);
-
-    ret = (node != list_head(&logbuf.head));
-    if (ret) {
-      do {
-        ret = !!(logMask &
-                 (1 << (node_to_item(node->prev, struct LogBufferElement, node))
-                           ->logId));
-      } while (!ret && ((node = node->prev) != list_head(&logbuf.head)));
-    }
-
-    transp->context.node = node;
-  }
-
-  pthread_rwlock_unlock(&logbuf.listLock);
-
-  return ret;
-}
-
-static void writeToLocalClose(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list
-                                  __unused,
-                              struct android_log_transport_context* transp) {
-  pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&logbuf.listLock);
-  transp->context.node = list_head(&logbuf.head);
-  pthread_rwlock_unlock(&logbuf.listLock);
-}
-
-static int writeToLocalClear(struct android_log_logger* logger,
-                             struct android_log_transport_context* unused
-                                 __unused) {
-  log_id_t logId = logger->logId;
-  struct listnode *node, *n;
-
-  if ((logId >= NUMBER_OF_LOG_BUFFERS) || BLOCK_LOG_BUFFERS(logId)) {
-    return -EINVAL;
-  }
-
-  pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&logbuf.listLock);
-  logbuf.number[logId] = 0;
-  logbuf.last[logId] = &logbuf.head;
-  list_for_each_safe(node, n, &logbuf.head) {
-    struct LogBufferElement* element;
-    element = node_to_item(node, struct LogBufferElement, node);
-
-    if (logId == element->logId) {
-      struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list;
-
-      logger_list_rdlock();
-      logger_list_for_each(logger_list) {
-        struct android_log_transport_context* transp;
-
-        transport_context_for_each(transp, logger_list) {
-          if ((transp->transport == &localLoggerRead) &&
-              (transp->context.node == node)) {
-            transp->context.node = node->next;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      logger_list_unlock();
-      list_remove(node);
-      free(element);
-    }
-  }
-
-  pthread_rwlock_unlock(&logbuf.listLock);
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-static ssize_t writeToLocalGetSize(struct android_log_logger* logger,
-                                   struct android_log_transport_context* transp
-                                       __unused) {
-  ssize_t ret = -EINVAL;
-  log_id_t logId = logger->logId;
-
-  if ((logId < NUMBER_OF_LOG_BUFFERS) && !BLOCK_LOG_BUFFERS(logId)) {
-    pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&logbuf.listLock);
-    ret = logbuf.maxSize[logId];
-    pthread_rwlock_unlock(&logbuf.listLock);
-  }
-
-  return ret;
-}
-
-static ssize_t writeToLocalSetSize(
-    struct android_log_logger* logger,
-    struct android_log_transport_context* transp __unused, size_t size) {
-  ssize_t ret = -EINVAL;
-
-  if ((size > LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_LEN) || (size < (4 * 1024 * 1024))) {
-    log_id_t logId = logger->logId;
-    if ((logId < NUMBER_OF_LOG_BUFFERS) || !BLOCK_LOG_BUFFERS(logId)) {
-      pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&logbuf.listLock);
-      ret = logbuf.maxSize[logId] = size;
-      pthread_rwlock_unlock(&logbuf.listLock);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return ret;
-}
-
-static ssize_t writeToLocalGetReadbleSize(
-    struct android_log_logger* logger,
-    struct android_log_transport_context* transp __unused) {
-  ssize_t ret = -EINVAL;
-  log_id_t logId = logger->logId;
-
-  if ((logId < NUMBER_OF_LOG_BUFFERS) && !BLOCK_LOG_BUFFERS(logId)) {
-    pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&logbuf.listLock);
-    ret = logbuf.serviceName ? (ssize_t)logbuf.size[logId] : -EBADF;
-    pthread_rwlock_unlock(&logbuf.listLock);
-  }
-
-  return ret;
-}
diff --git a/liblog/log_event_list.c b/liblog/log_event_list.cpp
similarity index 88%
rename from liblog/log_event_list.c
rename to liblog/log_event_list.cpp
index 14002ce..088ea94 100644
--- a/liblog/log_event_list.c
+++ b/liblog/log_event_list.cpp
@@ -29,21 +29,26 @@
 
 #define MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD (LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD - sizeof(int32_t))
 
-typedef struct {
+enum ReadWriteFlag {
+  kAndroidLoggerRead = 1,
+  kAndroidLoggerWrite = 2,
+};
+
+struct android_log_context_internal {
   uint32_t tag;
-  unsigned pos; /* Read/write position into buffer */
+  unsigned pos;                                    /* Read/write position into buffer */
   unsigned count[ANDROID_MAX_LIST_NEST_DEPTH + 1]; /* Number of elements   */
   unsigned list[ANDROID_MAX_LIST_NEST_DEPTH + 1];  /* pos for list counter */
   unsigned list_nest_depth;
   unsigned len; /* Length or raw buffer. */
   bool overflow;
   bool list_stop; /* next call decrement list_nest_depth and issue a stop */
-  enum {
-    kAndroidLoggerRead = 1,
-    kAndroidLoggerWrite = 2,
-  } read_write_flag;
+  ReadWriteFlag read_write_flag;
   uint8_t storage[LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD];
-} android_log_context_internal;
+};
+
+// TODO(tomcherry): real C++ structs.
+typedef struct android_log_context_internal android_log_context_internal;
 
 static void init_context(android_log_context_internal* context, uint32_t tag) {
   size_t needed;
@@ -60,8 +65,8 @@
   context->pos += needed;
 }
 
-static void init_parser_context(android_log_context_internal* context,
-                                const char* msg, size_t len) {
+static void init_parser_context(android_log_context_internal* context, const char* msg,
+                                size_t len) {
   len = (len <= MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD) ? len : MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD;
   context->len = len;
   memcpy(context->storage, msg, len);
@@ -71,7 +76,8 @@
 LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC android_log_context create_android_logger(uint32_t tag) {
   android_log_context_internal* context;
 
-  context = calloc(1, sizeof(android_log_context_internal));
+  context =
+      static_cast<android_log_context_internal*>(calloc(1, sizeof(android_log_context_internal)));
   if (!context) {
     return NULL;
   }
@@ -80,12 +86,12 @@
   return (android_log_context)context;
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC android_log_context create_android_log_parser(const char* msg,
-                                                                size_t len) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC android_log_context create_android_log_parser(const char* msg, size_t len) {
   android_log_context_internal* context;
   size_t i;
 
-  context = calloc(1, sizeof(android_log_context_internal));
+  context =
+      static_cast<android_log_context_internal*>(calloc(1, sizeof(android_log_context_internal)));
   if (!context) {
     return NULL;
   }
@@ -123,8 +129,8 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_parser_reset(android_log_context ctx,
-                                               const char* msg, size_t len) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_parser_reset(android_log_context ctx, const char* msg,
+                                               size_t len) {
   android_log_context_internal* context;
 
   context = (android_log_context_internal*)ctx;
@@ -138,7 +144,6 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
-
 LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_write_list_begin(android_log_context ctx) {
   size_t needed;
   android_log_context_internal* context;
@@ -180,8 +185,7 @@
   buf[3] = (val >> 24) & 0xFF;
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_write_int32(android_log_context ctx,
-                                              int32_t value) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_write_int32(android_log_context ctx, int32_t value) {
   size_t needed;
   android_log_context_internal* context;
 
@@ -215,8 +219,7 @@
   buf[7] = (val >> 56) & 0xFF;
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_write_int64(android_log_context ctx,
-                                              int64_t value) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_write_int64(android_log_context ctx, int64_t value) {
   size_t needed;
   android_log_context_internal* context;
 
@@ -239,8 +242,7 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_write_string8_len(android_log_context ctx,
-                                                    const char* value,
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_write_string8_len(android_log_context ctx, const char* value,
                                                     size_t maxlen) {
   size_t needed;
   ssize_t len;
@@ -276,13 +278,11 @@
   return len;
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_write_string8(android_log_context ctx,
-                                                const char* value) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_write_string8(android_log_context ctx, const char* value) {
   return android_log_write_string8_len(ctx, value, MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD);
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_write_float32(android_log_context ctx,
-                                                float value) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_write_float32(android_log_context ctx, float value) {
   size_t needed;
   uint32_t ivalue;
   android_log_context_internal* context;
@@ -337,8 +337,7 @@
 /*
  * Logs the list of elements to the event log.
  */
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_write_list(android_log_context ctx,
-                                             log_id_t id) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_write_list(android_log_context ctx, log_id_t id) {
   android_log_context_internal* context;
   const char* msg;
   ssize_t len;
@@ -368,13 +367,11 @@
   }
   return (id == LOG_ID_EVENTS)
              ? __android_log_bwrite(context->tag, msg, len)
-             : ((id == LOG_ID_STATS)
-                    ? __android_log_stats_bwrite(context->tag, msg, len)
-                    : __android_log_security_bwrite(context->tag, msg, len));
+             : ((id == LOG_ID_STATS) ? __android_log_stats_bwrite(context->tag, msg, len)
+                                     : __android_log_security_bwrite(context->tag, msg, len));
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PRIVATE int android_log_write_list_buffer(android_log_context ctx,
-                                                     const char** buffer) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PRIVATE int android_log_write_list_buffer(android_log_context ctx, const char** buffer) {
   android_log_context_internal* context;
   const char* msg;
   ssize_t len;
@@ -428,8 +425,7 @@
  * this and continues to call this function, the behavior is undefined
  * (although it won't crash).
  */
-static android_log_list_element android_log_read_next_internal(
-    android_log_context ctx, int peek) {
+static android_log_list_element android_log_read_next_internal(android_log_context ctx, int peek) {
   android_log_list_element elem;
   unsigned pos;
   android_log_context_internal* context;
@@ -444,9 +440,9 @@
       (context->count[context->list_nest_depth] >=
        (MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD / (sizeof(uint8_t) + sizeof(uint8_t))))) {
     elem.type = EVENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
-    if (context && (context->list_stop ||
-                    ((context->list_nest_depth <= ANDROID_MAX_LIST_NEST_DEPTH) &&
-                     !context->count[context->list_nest_depth]))) {
+    if (context &&
+        (context->list_stop || ((context->list_nest_depth <= ANDROID_MAX_LIST_NEST_DEPTH) &&
+                                !context->count[context->list_nest_depth]))) {
       elem.type = EVENT_TYPE_LIST_STOP;
     }
     elem.complete = true;
@@ -460,9 +456,8 @@
   pos = context->pos;
   if (context->list_stop) {
     elem.type = EVENT_TYPE_LIST_STOP;
-    elem.complete = !context->count[0] &&
-                    (!context->list_nest_depth ||
-                     ((context->list_nest_depth == 1) && !context->count[1]));
+    elem.complete = !context->count[0] && (!context->list_nest_depth ||
+                                           ((context->list_nest_depth == 1) && !context->count[1]));
     if (!peek) {
       /* Suck in superfluous stop */
       if (context->storage[pos] == EVENT_TYPE_LIST_STOP) {
@@ -485,7 +480,7 @@
     return elem;
   }
 
-  elem.type = context->storage[pos++];
+  elem.type = static_cast<AndroidEventLogType>(context->storage[pos++]);
   switch ((int)elem.type) {
     case EVENT_TYPE_FLOAT:
     /* Rely on union to translate elem.data.int32 into elem.data.float32 */
@@ -598,12 +593,10 @@
   }
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC android_log_list_element
-android_log_read_next(android_log_context ctx) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC android_log_list_element android_log_read_next(android_log_context ctx) {
   return android_log_read_next_internal(ctx, 0);
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC android_log_list_element
-android_log_peek_next(android_log_context ctx) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC android_log_list_element android_log_peek_next(android_log_context ctx) {
   return android_log_read_next_internal(ctx, 1);
 }
diff --git a/liblog/log_event_write.c b/liblog/log_event_write.cpp
similarity index 89%
rename from liblog/log_event_write.c
rename to liblog/log_event_write.cpp
index 45a6f37..e644a3b 100644
--- a/liblog/log_event_write.c
+++ b/liblog/log_event_write.cpp
@@ -24,9 +24,8 @@
 
 #define MAX_SUBTAG_LEN 32
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_error_write(int tag, const char* subTag,
-                                                int32_t uid, const char* data,
-                                                uint32_t dataLen) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_error_write(int tag, const char* subTag, int32_t uid,
+                                                const char* data, uint32_t dataLen) {
   int ret = -EINVAL;
 
   if (subTag && (data || !dataLen)) {
diff --git a/liblog/log_portability.h b/liblog/log_portability.h
index 88805c7..b9fb1d2 100644
--- a/liblog/log_portability.h
+++ b/liblog/log_portability.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBLOG_PORTABILITY_H__
-#define _LIBLOG_PORTABILITY_H__
+#pragma once
 
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 #define LIBLOG_WEAK static /* Accept that it is totally private */
 #else
-#define LIBLOG_WEAK __attribute__((weak, visibility("default")))
+#define LIBLOG_WEAK extern "C" __attribute__((weak, visibility("default")))
 #endif
 
 /* possible missing definitions in sys/cdefs.h */
@@ -62,11 +61,6 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
-/* Unused argument. For C code only, remove symbol name for C++ */
-#ifndef __unused
-#define __unused __attribute__((__unused__))
-#endif
-
 /* possible missing definitions in unistd.h */
 
 #ifndef TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY
@@ -80,5 +74,3 @@
     _rc;                                   \
   })
 #endif
-
-#endif /* _LIBLOG_PORTABILITY_H__ */
diff --git a/liblog/log_ratelimit.cpp b/liblog/log_ratelimit.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 33770dd..0000000
--- a/liblog/log_ratelimit.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-/*
-** Copyright 2016, The Android Open Source Project
-**
-** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-** You may obtain a copy of the License at
-**
-**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-**
-** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-** limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <pthread.h>
-#include <time.h>
-
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-#include "log_portability.h"
-
-// Global default if 'last' argument in __android_log_ratelimit is NULL
-static time_t g_last_clock;
-// Global above can not deal well with callers playing games with the
-// seconds argument, so we will also hold on to the maximum value
-// ever provided and use that to gain consistency.  If the caller
-// provides their own 'last' argument, then they can play such games
-// of varying the 'seconds' argument to their pleasure.
-static time_t g_last_seconds;
-static const time_t last_seconds_default = 10;
-static const time_t last_seconds_max = 24 * 60 * 60;  // maximum of a day
-static const time_t last_seconds_min = 2;             // granularity
-// Lock to protect last_clock and last_seconds, but also 'last'
-// argument (not NULL) as supplied to __android_log_ratelimit.
-static pthread_mutex_t lock_ratelimit = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
-
-// if last is NULL, caller _must_ provide a consistent value for
-// seconds, otherwise we will take the maximum ever issued and hold
-// on to that.  Preserves value of non-zero errno.  Return -1 if we
-// can not acquire a lock, 0 if we are not to log a message, and 1
-// if we are ok to log a message.  Caller should check > 0 for true.
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_ratelimit(time_t seconds, time_t* last) {
-  int save_errno = errno;
-
-  // Two reasons for trylock failure:
-  //   1. In a signal handler. Must prevent deadlock
-  //   2. Too many threads calling __android_log_ratelimit.
-  //      Bonus to not print if they race here because that
-  //      dovetails the goal of ratelimiting. One may print
-  //      and the others will wait their turn ...
-  if (pthread_mutex_trylock(&lock_ratelimit)) {
-    if (save_errno) errno = save_errno;
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  if (seconds == 0) {
-    seconds = last_seconds_default;
-  } else if (seconds < last_seconds_min) {
-    seconds = last_seconds_min;
-  } else if (seconds > last_seconds_max) {
-    seconds = last_seconds_max;
-  }
-
-  if (!last) {
-    if (g_last_seconds > seconds) {
-      seconds = g_last_seconds;
-    } else if (g_last_seconds < seconds) {
-      g_last_seconds = seconds;
-    }
-    last = &g_last_clock;
-  }
-
-  time_t now = time(NULL);
-  if ((now == (time_t)-1) || ((*last + seconds) > now)) {
-    pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock_ratelimit);
-    if (save_errno) errno = save_errno;
-    return 0;
-  }
-  *last = now;
-  pthread_mutex_unlock(&lock_ratelimit);
-  if (save_errno) errno = save_errno;
-  return 1;
-}
diff --git a/liblog/log_time.cpp b/liblog/log_time.cpp
index ae376be..77bb94f 100644
--- a/liblog/log_time.cpp
+++ b/liblog/log_time.cpp
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@
 LIBLOG_ABI_PRIVATE log_time log_time::operator-=(const timespec& T) {
   // No concept of negative time, clamp to EPOCH
   if (*this <= T) {
-    return *this = EPOCH;
+    return *this = log_time(EPOCH);
   }
 
   if (this->tv_nsec < (unsigned long int)T.tv_nsec) {
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@
 LIBLOG_ABI_PRIVATE log_time log_time::operator-=(const log_time& T) {
   // No concept of negative time, clamp to EPOCH
   if (*this <= T) {
-    return *this = EPOCH;
+    return *this = log_time(EPOCH);
   }
 
   if (this->tv_nsec < T.tv_nsec) {
diff --git a/liblog/logd_reader.c b/liblog/logd_reader.cpp
similarity index 86%
rename from liblog/logd_reader.c
rename to liblog/logd_reader.cpp
index 603ba24..05bbcbc 100644
--- a/liblog/logd_reader.c
+++ b/liblog/logd_reader.cpp
@@ -47,8 +47,7 @@
 static int logdVersion(struct android_log_logger* logger,
                        struct android_log_transport_context* transp);
 static int logdRead(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list,
-                    struct android_log_transport_context* transp,
-                    struct log_msg* log_msg);
+                    struct android_log_transport_context* transp, struct log_msg* log_msg);
 static int logdPoll(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list,
                     struct android_log_transport_context* transp);
 static void logdClose(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list,
@@ -56,37 +55,33 @@
 static int logdClear(struct android_log_logger* logger,
                      struct android_log_transport_context* transp);
 static ssize_t logdSetSize(struct android_log_logger* logger,
-                           struct android_log_transport_context* transp,
-                           size_t size);
+                           struct android_log_transport_context* transp, size_t size);
 static ssize_t logdGetSize(struct android_log_logger* logger,
                            struct android_log_transport_context* transp);
 static ssize_t logdGetReadableSize(struct android_log_logger* logger,
                                    struct android_log_transport_context* transp);
 static ssize_t logdGetPrune(struct android_log_logger_list* logger,
-                            struct android_log_transport_context* transp,
-                            char* buf, size_t len);
+                            struct android_log_transport_context* transp, char* buf, size_t len);
 static ssize_t logdSetPrune(struct android_log_logger_list* logger,
-                            struct android_log_transport_context* transp,
-                            char* buf, size_t len);
+                            struct android_log_transport_context* transp, char* buf, size_t len);
 static ssize_t logdGetStats(struct android_log_logger_list* logger,
-                            struct android_log_transport_context* transp,
-                            char* buf, size_t len);
+                            struct android_log_transport_context* transp, char* buf, size_t len);
 
 LIBLOG_HIDDEN struct android_log_transport_read logdLoggerRead = {
-  .node = { &logdLoggerRead.node, &logdLoggerRead.node },
-  .name = "logd",
-  .available = logdAvailable,
-  .version = logdVersion,
-  .read = logdRead,
-  .poll = logdPoll,
-  .close = logdClose,
-  .clear = logdClear,
-  .getSize = logdGetSize,
-  .setSize = logdSetSize,
-  .getReadableSize = logdGetReadableSize,
-  .getPrune = logdGetPrune,
-  .setPrune = logdSetPrune,
-  .getStats = logdGetStats,
+    .node = {&logdLoggerRead.node, &logdLoggerRead.node},
+    .name = "logd",
+    .available = logdAvailable,
+    .version = logdVersion,
+    .read = logdRead,
+    .poll = logdPoll,
+    .close = logdClose,
+    .clear = logdClear,
+    .getSize = logdGetSize,
+    .setSize = logdSetSize,
+    .getReadableSize = logdGetReadableSize,
+    .getPrune = logdGetPrune,
+    .setPrune = logdSetPrune,
+    .getStats = logdGetStats,
 };
 
 static int logdAvailable(log_id_t logId) {
@@ -109,8 +104,7 @@
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 
-LIBLOG_WEAK int socket_local_client(const char* name, int namespaceId,
-                                    int type) {
+LIBLOG_WEAK int socket_local_client(const char* name, int namespaceId, int type) {
   errno = ENOSYS;
   return -ENOSYS;
 }
@@ -131,8 +125,7 @@
 
 /* Documented in header file. */
 LIBLOG_WEAK int socket_make_sockaddr_un(const char* name, int namespaceId,
-                                        struct sockaddr_un* p_addr,
-                                        socklen_t* alen) {
+                                        struct sockaddr_un* p_addr, socklen_t* alen) {
   memset(p_addr, 0, sizeof(*p_addr));
   size_t namelen;
 
@@ -158,8 +151,7 @@
 
       namelen = strlen(name) + strlen(FILESYSTEM_SOCKET_PREFIX);
       /* unix_path_max appears to be missing on linux */
-      if (namelen >
-          sizeof(*p_addr) - offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) - 1) {
+      if (namelen > sizeof(*p_addr) - offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) - 1) {
         goto error;
       }
 
@@ -171,8 +163,7 @@
     case ANDROID_SOCKET_NAMESPACE_RESERVED:
       namelen = strlen(name) + strlen(ANDROID_RESERVED_SOCKET_PREFIX);
       /* unix_path_max appears to be missing on linux */
-      if (namelen >
-          sizeof(*p_addr) - offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) - 1) {
+      if (namelen > sizeof(*p_addr) - offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) - 1) {
         goto error;
       }
 
@@ -183,8 +174,7 @@
     case ANDROID_SOCKET_NAMESPACE_FILESYSTEM:
       namelen = strlen(name);
       /* unix_path_max appears to be missing on linux */
-      if (namelen >
-          sizeof(*p_addr) - offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) - 1) {
+      if (namelen > sizeof(*p_addr) - offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) - 1) {
         goto error;
       }
 
@@ -210,8 +200,8 @@
  *
  * Used by AndroidSocketImpl
  */
-LIBLOG_WEAK int socket_local_client_connect(int fd, const char* name,
-                                            int namespaceId, int type __unused) {
+LIBLOG_WEAK int socket_local_client_connect(int fd, const char* name, int namespaceId,
+                                            int type __unused) {
   struct sockaddr_un addr;
   socklen_t alen;
   int err;
@@ -236,8 +226,7 @@
  * connect to peer named "name"
  * returns fd or -1 on error
  */
-LIBLOG_WEAK int socket_local_client(const char* name, int namespaceId,
-                                    int type) {
+LIBLOG_WEAK int socket_local_client(const char* name, int namespaceId, int type) {
   int s;
 
   s = socket(AF_LOCAL, type, 0);
@@ -255,14 +244,13 @@
 /* End of ../libcutils/socket_local_client.c */
 
 /* worker for sending the command to the logger */
-static ssize_t send_log_msg(struct android_log_logger* logger, const char* msg,
-                            char* buf, size_t buf_size) {
+static ssize_t send_log_msg(struct android_log_logger* logger, const char* msg, char* buf,
+                            size_t buf_size) {
   ssize_t ret;
   size_t len;
   char* cp;
   int errno_save = 0;
-  int sock = socket_local_client("logd", ANDROID_SOCKET_NAMESPACE_RESERVED,
-                                 SOCK_STREAM);
+  int sock = socket_local_client("logd", ANDROID_SOCKET_NAMESPACE_RESERVED, SOCK_STREAM);
   if (sock < 0) {
     return sock;
   }
@@ -342,8 +330,7 @@
                      struct android_log_transport_context* transp __unused) {
   char buf[512];
 
-  return check_log_success(buf,
-                           send_log_msg(logger, "clear %d", buf, sizeof(buf)));
+  return check_log_success(buf, send_log_msg(logger, "clear %d", buf, sizeof(buf)));
 }
 
 /* returns the total size of the log's ring buffer */
@@ -364,8 +351,7 @@
 }
 
 static ssize_t logdSetSize(struct android_log_logger* logger,
-                           struct android_log_transport_context* transp __unused,
-                           size_t size) {
+                           struct android_log_transport_context* transp __unused, size_t size) {
   char buf[512];
 
   snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "setLogSize %d %zu", logger->logId, size);
@@ -378,8 +364,7 @@
  * log consumed)
  */
 static ssize_t logdGetReadableSize(struct android_log_logger* logger,
-                                   struct android_log_transport_context* transp
-                                       __unused) {
+                                   struct android_log_transport_context* transp __unused) {
   char buf[512];
 
   ssize_t ret = send_log_msg(logger, "getLogSizeUsed %d", buf, sizeof(buf));
@@ -407,8 +392,8 @@
  * returns statistics
  */
 static ssize_t logdGetStats(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list,
-                            struct android_log_transport_context* transp __unused,
-                            char* buf, size_t len) {
+                            struct android_log_transport_context* transp __unused, char* buf,
+                            size_t len) {
   struct android_log_logger* logger;
   char* cp = buf;
   size_t remaining = len;
@@ -434,14 +419,14 @@
 }
 
 static ssize_t logdGetPrune(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list __unused,
-                            struct android_log_transport_context* transp __unused,
-                            char* buf, size_t len) {
+                            struct android_log_transport_context* transp __unused, char* buf,
+                            size_t len) {
   return send_log_msg(NULL, "getPruneList", buf, len);
 }
 
 static ssize_t logdSetPrune(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list __unused,
-                            struct android_log_transport_context* transp __unused,
-                            char* buf, size_t len) {
+                            struct android_log_transport_context* transp __unused, char* buf,
+                            size_t len) {
   const char cmd[] = "setPruneList ";
   const size_t cmdlen = sizeof(cmd) - 1;
 
@@ -455,8 +440,7 @@
   return check_log_success(buf, send_log_msg(NULL, NULL, buf, len));
 }
 
-static void caught_signal(int signum __unused) {
-}
+static void caught_signal(int signum __unused) {}
 
 static int logdOpen(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list,
                     struct android_log_transport_context* transp) {
@@ -476,12 +460,10 @@
     return sock;
   }
 
-  sock = socket_local_client("logdr", ANDROID_SOCKET_NAMESPACE_RESERVED,
-                             SOCK_SEQPACKET);
+  sock = socket_local_client("logdr", ANDROID_SOCKET_NAMESPACE_RESERVED, SOCK_SEQPACKET);
   if (sock == 0) {
     /* Guarantee not file descriptor zero */
-    int newsock = socket_local_client(
-        "logdr", ANDROID_SOCKET_NAMESPACE_RESERVED, SOCK_SEQPACKET);
+    int newsock = socket_local_client("logdr", ANDROID_SOCKET_NAMESPACE_RESERVED, SOCK_SEQPACKET);
     close(sock);
     sock = newsock;
   }
@@ -492,8 +474,7 @@
     return sock;
   }
 
-  strcpy(buffer, (logger_list->mode & ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK) ? "dumpAndClose"
-                                                            : "stream");
+  strcpy(buffer, (logger_list->mode & ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK) ? "dumpAndClose" : "stream");
   cp = buffer + strlen(buffer);
 
   strcpy(cp, " lids");
@@ -518,14 +499,13 @@
   if (logger_list->start.tv_sec || logger_list->start.tv_nsec) {
     if (logger_list->mode & ANDROID_LOG_WRAP) {
       // ToDo: alternate API to allow timeout to be adjusted.
-      ret = snprintf(cp, remaining, " timeout=%u",
-                     ANDROID_LOG_WRAP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
+      ret = snprintf(cp, remaining, " timeout=%u", ANDROID_LOG_WRAP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT);
       ret = min(ret, remaining);
       remaining -= ret;
       cp += ret;
     }
-    ret = snprintf(cp, remaining, " start=%" PRIu32 ".%09" PRIu32,
-                   logger_list->start.tv_sec, logger_list->start.tv_nsec);
+    ret = snprintf(cp, remaining, " start=%" PRIu32 ".%09" PRIu32, logger_list->start.tv_sec,
+                   logger_list->start.tv_nsec);
     ret = min(ret, remaining);
     remaining -= ret;
     cp += ret;
@@ -576,8 +556,7 @@
 
 /* Read from the selected logs */
 static int logdRead(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list,
-                    struct android_log_transport_context* transp,
-                    struct log_msg* log_msg) {
+                    struct android_log_transport_context* transp, struct log_msg* log_msg) {
   int ret, e;
   struct sigaction ignore;
   struct sigaction old_sigaction;
diff --git a/liblog/logd_reader.h b/liblog/logd_reader.h
index 8ebb1ae..0bba7cf 100644
--- a/liblog/logd_reader.h
+++ b/liblog/logd_reader.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBLOG_LOGD_READER_H__
-#define _LIBLOG_LOGD_READER_H__
+#pragma once
 
 #include <unistd.h>
 
@@ -26,5 +25,3 @@
 LIBLOG_HIDDEN ssize_t __send_log_msg(char* buf, size_t buf_size);
 
 __END_DECLS
-
-#endif /* _LIBLOG_LOGD_READER_H__ */
diff --git a/liblog/logd_writer.c b/liblog/logd_writer.cpp
similarity index 85%
rename from liblog/logd_writer.c
rename to liblog/logd_writer.cpp
index e0e3eca..ed906b3 100644
--- a/liblog/logd_writer.c
+++ b/liblog/logd_writer.cpp
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 #include "config_write.h"
 #include "log_portability.h"
 #include "logger.h"
+#include "uio.h"
 
 /* branchless on many architectures. */
 #define min(x, y) ((y) ^ (((x) ^ (y)) & -((x) < (y))))
@@ -45,17 +46,16 @@
 static int logdAvailable(log_id_t LogId);
 static int logdOpen();
 static void logdClose();
-static int logdWrite(log_id_t logId, struct timespec* ts, struct iovec* vec,
-                     size_t nr);
+static int logdWrite(log_id_t logId, struct timespec* ts, struct iovec* vec, size_t nr);
 
 LIBLOG_HIDDEN struct android_log_transport_write logdLoggerWrite = {
-  .node = { &logdLoggerWrite.node, &logdLoggerWrite.node },
-  .context.sock = -EBADF,
-  .name = "logd",
-  .available = logdAvailable,
-  .open = logdOpen,
-  .close = logdClose,
-  .write = logdWrite,
+    .node = {&logdLoggerWrite.node, &logdLoggerWrite.node},
+    .context.sock = -EBADF,
+    .name = "logd",
+    .available = logdAvailable,
+    .open = logdOpen,
+    .close = logdClose,
+    .write = logdWrite,
 };
 
 /* log_init_lock assumed */
@@ -64,8 +64,7 @@
 
   i = atomic_load(&logdLoggerWrite.context.sock);
   if (i < 0) {
-    int sock = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
-        socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0));
+    int sock = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0));
     if (sock < 0) {
       ret = -errno;
     } else {
@@ -74,15 +73,15 @@
       un.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
       strcpy(un.sun_path, "/dev/socket/logdw");
 
-      if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&un,
-                                     sizeof(struct sockaddr_un))) < 0) {
+      if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&un, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un))) <
+          0) {
         ret = -errno;
         switch (ret) {
           case -ENOTCONN:
           case -ECONNREFUSED:
           case -ENOENT:
             i = atomic_exchange(&logdLoggerWrite.context.sock, ret);
-          /* FALLTHRU */
+            [[fallthrough]];
           default:
             break;
         }
@@ -124,16 +123,15 @@
   return 1;
 }
 
-static int logdWrite(log_id_t logId, struct timespec* ts, struct iovec* vec,
-                     size_t nr) {
+static int logdWrite(log_id_t logId, struct timespec* ts, struct iovec* vec, size_t nr) {
   ssize_t ret;
   int sock;
   static const unsigned headerLength = 1;
   struct iovec newVec[nr + headerLength];
   android_log_header_t header;
   size_t i, payloadSize;
-  static atomic_int_fast32_t dropped;
-  static atomic_int_fast32_t droppedSecurity;
+  static atomic_int dropped;
+  static atomic_int droppedSecurity;
 
   sock = atomic_load(&logdLoggerWrite.context.sock);
   if (sock < 0) switch (sock) {
@@ -181,8 +179,7 @@
   newVec[0].iov_len = sizeof(header);
 
   if (sock >= 0) {
-    int32_t snapshot =
-        atomic_exchange_explicit(&droppedSecurity, 0, memory_order_relaxed);
+    int32_t snapshot = atomic_exchange_explicit(&droppedSecurity, 0, memory_order_relaxed);
     if (snapshot) {
       android_log_event_int_t buffer;
 
@@ -196,14 +193,12 @@
 
       ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(writev(sock, newVec, 2));
       if (ret != (ssize_t)(sizeof(header) + sizeof(buffer))) {
-        atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&droppedSecurity, snapshot,
-                                  memory_order_relaxed);
+        atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&droppedSecurity, snapshot, memory_order_relaxed);
       }
     }
     snapshot = atomic_exchange_explicit(&dropped, 0, memory_order_relaxed);
-    if (snapshot &&
-        __android_log_is_loggable_len(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "liblog",
-                                      strlen("liblog"), ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE)) {
+    if (snapshot && __android_log_is_loggable_len(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "liblog", strlen("liblog"),
+                                                  ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE)) {
       android_log_event_int_t buffer;
 
       header.id = LOG_ID_EVENTS;
@@ -267,12 +262,11 @@
         return ret;
       }
 
-      ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
-          writev(atomic_load(&logdLoggerWrite.context.sock), newVec, i));
+      ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(writev(atomic_load(&logdLoggerWrite.context.sock), newVec, i));
       if (ret < 0) {
         ret = -errno;
       }
-    /* FALLTHRU */
+      [[fallthrough]];
     default:
       break;
   }
diff --git a/liblog/logger.h b/liblog/logger.h
index 246b33c..b2479d2 100644
--- a/liblog/logger.h
+++ b/liblog/logger.h
@@ -14,22 +14,21 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBLOG_LOGGER_H__
-#define _LIBLOG_LOGGER_H__
+#pragma once
 
 #include <stdatomic.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 
 #include <cutils/list.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
-#include <log/uio.h>
 
 #include "log_portability.h"
+#include "uio.h"
 
 __BEGIN_DECLS
 
 /* Union, sock or fd of zero is not allowed unless static initialized */
-union android_log_context {
+union android_log_context_union {
   void* priv;
   atomic_int sock;
   atomic_int fd;
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@
   struct listnode node;
   const char* name;                  /* human name to describe the transport */
   unsigned logMask;                  /* mask cache of available() success */
-  union android_log_context context; /* Initialized by static allocation */
+  union android_log_context_union context; /* Initialized by static allocation */
 
   int (*available)(log_id_t logId); /* Does not cause resources to be taken */
   int (*open)();   /* can be called multiple times, reusing current resources */
@@ -98,7 +97,6 @@
 };
 
 struct android_log_logger_list {
-  struct listnode node;
   struct listnode logger;
   struct listnode transport;
   int mode;
@@ -116,7 +114,7 @@
 
 struct android_log_transport_context {
   struct listnode node;
-  union android_log_context context; /* zero init per-transport context */
+  union android_log_context_union context; /* zero init per-transport context */
   struct android_log_logger_list* parent;
 
   struct android_log_transport_read* transport;
@@ -144,37 +142,6 @@
        (logp) =                                                     \
            node_to_item((logp)->node.next, struct android_log_logger, node))
 
-/*
- *    Global list of log readers.
- *
- * Usage case: search out transport contexts for all readers
- */
-
-LIBLOG_HIDDEN struct listnode __android_log_readers;
-
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-#define logger_list_rdlock()
-#define logger_list_wrlock()
-#define logger_list_unlock()
-#else
-LIBLOG_HIDDEN pthread_rwlock_t __android_log_readers_lock;
-
-#define logger_list_rdlock() pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&__android_log_readers_lock)
-#define logger_list_wrlock() pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&__android_log_readers_lock)
-#define logger_list_unlock() pthread_rwlock_unlock(&__android_log_readers_lock)
-#endif
-
-/* Must be called with logger_list_rdlock() or logger_list_wrlock() held */
-#define logger_list_for_each(logger_list)                                     \
-  for ((logger_list) = node_to_item(&__android_log_readers,                   \
-                                    struct android_log_logger_list, node);    \
-       (logger_list) != node_to_item(&__android_log_readers,                  \
-                                     struct android_log_logger_list, node) && \
-       (logger_list) != node_to_item((logger_list)->node.next,                \
-                                     struct android_log_logger_list, node);   \
-       (logger_list) = node_to_item((logger_list)->node.next,                 \
-                                    struct android_log_logger_list, node))
-
 /* OS specific dribs and drabs */
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
@@ -193,8 +160,6 @@
 LIBLOG_HIDDEN int __android_log_trylock();
 LIBLOG_HIDDEN void __android_log_unlock();
 
-LIBLOG_HIDDEN int __android_log_transport;
+extern LIBLOG_HIDDEN int __android_log_transport;
 
 __END_DECLS
-
-#endif /* _LIBLOG_LOGGER_H__ */
diff --git a/liblog/logger_lock.c b/liblog/logger_lock.cpp
similarity index 100%
rename from liblog/logger_lock.c
rename to liblog/logger_lock.cpp
diff --git a/liblog/logger_name.c b/liblog/logger_name.cpp
similarity index 79%
rename from liblog/logger_name.c
rename to liblog/logger_name.cpp
index 479bbfe..c6f3cb7 100644
--- a/liblog/logger_name.c
+++ b/liblog/logger_name.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 */
 
 #include <string.h>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 #include <log/log.h>
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@
 
 /* In the future, we would like to make this list extensible */
 static const char* LOG_NAME[LOG_ID_MAX] = {
-      /* clang-format off */
+    /* clang-format off */
   [LOG_ID_MAIN] = "main",
   [LOG_ID_RADIO] = "radio",
   [LOG_ID_EVENTS] = "events",
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@
   [LOG_ID_STATS] = "stats",
   [LOG_ID_SECURITY] = "security",
   [LOG_ID_KERNEL] = "kernel",
-  /* clang-format on */
+    /* clang-format on */
 };
 
 LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC const char* android_log_id_to_name(log_id_t log_id) {
@@ -41,12 +42,15 @@
   return LOG_NAME[log_id];
 }
 
+static_assert(std::is_same<std::underlying_type<log_id_t>::type, uint32_t>::value,
+              "log_id_t must be an unsigned int");
+
 LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC log_id_t android_name_to_log_id(const char* logName) {
   const char* b;
-  int ret;
+  unsigned int ret;
 
   if (!logName) {
-    return -1; /* NB: log_id_t is unsigned */
+    return static_cast<log_id_t>(0xFFFFFFFF);
   }
   b = strrchr(logName, '/');
   if (!b) {
@@ -58,8 +62,8 @@
   for (ret = LOG_ID_MIN; ret < LOG_ID_MAX; ++ret) {
     const char* l = LOG_NAME[ret];
     if (l && !strcmp(b, l)) {
-      return ret;
+      return static_cast<log_id_t>(ret);
     }
   }
-  return -1; /* should never happen */
+  return static_cast<log_id_t>(0xFFFFFFFF); /* should never happen */
 }
diff --git a/liblog/logger_read.c b/liblog/logger_read.cpp
similarity index 76%
rename from liblog/logger_read.c
rename to liblog/logger_read.cpp
index 0fd6efa..e429c36 100644
--- a/liblog/logger_read.c
+++ b/liblog/logger_read.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
 ** limitations under the License.
 */
 
+#include "log/log_read.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <pthread.h>
@@ -34,8 +36,7 @@
 /* android_logger_alloc unimplemented, no use case */
 /* android_logger_free not exported */
 static void android_logger_free(struct logger* logger) {
-  struct android_log_logger* logger_internal =
-      (struct android_log_logger*)logger;
+  struct android_log_logger* logger_internal = (struct android_log_logger*)logger;
 
   if (!logger_internal) {
     return;
@@ -71,15 +72,13 @@
 
   __android_log_lock();
   /* mini __write_to_log_initialize() to populate transports */
-  if (list_empty(&__android_log_transport_read) &&
-      list_empty(&__android_log_persist_read)) {
+  if (list_empty(&__android_log_transport_read) && list_empty(&__android_log_persist_read)) {
     __android_log_config_read();
   }
   __android_log_unlock();
 
-  node = (logger_list->mode & ANDROID_LOG_PSTORE)
-             ? &__android_log_persist_read
-             : &__android_log_transport_read;
+  node = (logger_list->mode & ANDROID_LOG_PSTORE) ? &__android_log_persist_read
+                                                  : &__android_log_transport_read;
 
   read_transport_for_each(transport, node) {
     struct android_log_transport_context* transp;
@@ -92,15 +91,14 @@
       if ((logId == LOG_ID_SECURITY) && (__android_log_uid() != AID_SYSTEM)) {
         continue;
       }
-      if (transport->read &&
-          (!transport->available || (transport->available(logId) >= 0))) {
+      if (transport->read && (!transport->available || (transport->available(logId) >= 0))) {
         logMask |= 1 << logId;
       }
     }
     if (!logMask) {
       continue;
     }
-    transp = calloc(1, sizeof(*transp));
+    transp = static_cast<android_log_transport_context*>(calloc(1, sizeof(*transp)));
     if (!transp) {
       return -ENOMEM;
     }
@@ -116,31 +114,29 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
-#define LOGGER_FUNCTION(logger, def, func, args...)                   \
-  ssize_t ret = -EINVAL;                                              \
-  struct android_log_transport_context* transp;                       \
-  struct android_log_logger* logger_internal =                        \
-      (struct android_log_logger*)(logger);                           \
-                                                                      \
-  if (!logger_internal) {                                             \
-    return ret;                                                       \
-  }                                                                   \
-  ret = init_transport_context(logger_internal->parent);              \
-  if (ret < 0) {                                                      \
-    return ret;                                                       \
-  }                                                                   \
-                                                                      \
-  ret = (def);                                                        \
-  transport_context_for_each(transp, logger_internal->parent) {       \
-    if ((transp->logMask & (1 << logger_internal->logId)) &&          \
-        transp->transport && transp->transport->func) {               \
-      ssize_t retval =                                                \
-          (transp->transport->func)(logger_internal, transp, ##args); \
-      if ((ret >= 0) || (ret == (def))) {                             \
-        ret = retval;                                                 \
-      }                                                               \
-    }                                                                 \
-  }                                                                   \
+#define LOGGER_FUNCTION(logger, def, func, args...)                                  \
+  ssize_t ret = -EINVAL;                                                             \
+  struct android_log_transport_context* transp;                                      \
+  struct android_log_logger* logger_internal = (struct android_log_logger*)(logger); \
+                                                                                     \
+  if (!logger_internal) {                                                            \
+    return ret;                                                                      \
+  }                                                                                  \
+  ret = init_transport_context(logger_internal->parent);                             \
+  if (ret < 0) {                                                                     \
+    return ret;                                                                      \
+  }                                                                                  \
+                                                                                     \
+  ret = (def);                                                                       \
+  transport_context_for_each(transp, logger_internal->parent) {                      \
+    if ((transp->logMask & (1 << logger_internal->logId)) && transp->transport &&    \
+        transp->transport->func) {                                                   \
+      ssize_t retval = (transp->transport->func)(logger_internal, transp, ##args);   \
+      if ((ret >= 0) || (ret == (def))) {                                            \
+        ret = retval;                                                                \
+      }                                                                              \
+    }                                                                                \
+  }                                                                                  \
   return ret
 
 LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_logger_clear(struct logger* logger) {
@@ -152,8 +148,7 @@
   LOGGER_FUNCTION(logger, -ENODEV, getSize);
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_logger_set_log_size(struct logger* logger,
-                                                  unsigned long size) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_logger_set_log_size(struct logger* logger, unsigned long size) {
   LOGGER_FUNCTION(logger, -ENODEV, setSize, size);
 }
 
@@ -161,8 +156,7 @@
  * returns the readable size of the log's ring buffer (that is, amount of the
  * log consumed)
  */
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC long android_logger_get_log_readable_size(
-    struct logger* logger) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC long android_logger_get_log_readable_size(struct logger* logger) {
   LOGGER_FUNCTION(logger, -ENODEV, getReadableSize);
 }
 
@@ -173,58 +167,50 @@
   LOGGER_FUNCTION(logger, 4, version);
 }
 
-#define LOGGER_LIST_FUNCTION(logger_list, def, func, args...)              \
-  struct android_log_transport_context* transp;                            \
-  struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list_internal =                   \
-      (struct android_log_logger_list*)(logger_list);                      \
-                                                                           \
-  ssize_t ret = init_transport_context(logger_list_internal);              \
-  if (ret < 0) {                                                           \
-    return ret;                                                            \
-  }                                                                        \
-                                                                           \
-  ret = (def);                                                             \
-  transport_context_for_each(transp, logger_list_internal) {               \
-    if (transp->transport && (transp->transport->func)) {                  \
-      ssize_t retval =                                                     \
-          (transp->transport->func)(logger_list_internal, transp, ##args); \
-      if ((ret >= 0) || (ret == (def))) {                                  \
-        ret = retval;                                                      \
-      }                                                                    \
-    }                                                                      \
-  }                                                                        \
+#define LOGGER_LIST_FUNCTION(logger_list, def, func, args...)                           \
+  struct android_log_transport_context* transp;                                         \
+  struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list_internal =                                \
+      (struct android_log_logger_list*)(logger_list);                                   \
+                                                                                        \
+  ssize_t ret = init_transport_context(logger_list_internal);                           \
+  if (ret < 0) {                                                                        \
+    return ret;                                                                         \
+  }                                                                                     \
+                                                                                        \
+  ret = (def);                                                                          \
+  transport_context_for_each(transp, logger_list_internal) {                            \
+    if (transp->transport && (transp->transport->func)) {                               \
+      ssize_t retval = (transp->transport->func)(logger_list_internal, transp, ##args); \
+      if ((ret >= 0) || (ret == (def))) {                                               \
+        ret = retval;                                                                   \
+      }                                                                                 \
+    }                                                                                   \
+  }                                                                                     \
   return ret
 
 /*
  * returns statistics
  */
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC ssize_t android_logger_get_statistics(
-    struct logger_list* logger_list, char* buf, size_t len) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC ssize_t android_logger_get_statistics(struct logger_list* logger_list, char* buf,
+                                                        size_t len) {
   LOGGER_LIST_FUNCTION(logger_list, -ENODEV, getStats, buf, len);
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC ssize_t android_logger_get_prune_list(
-    struct logger_list* logger_list, char* buf, size_t len) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC ssize_t android_logger_get_prune_list(struct logger_list* logger_list, char* buf,
+                                                        size_t len) {
   LOGGER_LIST_FUNCTION(logger_list, -ENODEV, getPrune, buf, len);
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_logger_set_prune_list(
-    struct logger_list* logger_list, char* buf, size_t len) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_logger_set_prune_list(struct logger_list* logger_list, char* buf,
+                                                    size_t len) {
   LOGGER_LIST_FUNCTION(logger_list, -ENODEV, setPrune, buf, len);
 }
 
-LIBLOG_HIDDEN struct listnode __android_log_readers = { &__android_log_readers,
-                                                        &__android_log_readers };
-#if !defined(_WIN32)
-LIBLOG_HIDDEN pthread_rwlock_t __android_log_readers_lock =
-    PTHREAD_RWLOCK_INITIALIZER;
-#endif
-
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC struct logger_list* android_logger_list_alloc(
-    int mode, unsigned int tail, pid_t pid) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC struct logger_list* android_logger_list_alloc(int mode, unsigned int tail,
+                                                                pid_t pid) {
   struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list;
 
-  logger_list = calloc(1, sizeof(*logger_list));
+  logger_list = static_cast<android_log_logger_list*>(calloc(1, sizeof(*logger_list)));
   if (!logger_list) {
     return NULL;
   }
@@ -235,18 +221,14 @@
   logger_list->tail = tail;
   logger_list->pid = pid;
 
-  logger_list_wrlock();
-  list_add_tail(&__android_log_readers, &logger_list->node);
-  logger_list_unlock();
-
   return (struct logger_list*)logger_list;
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC struct logger_list* android_logger_list_alloc_time(
-    int mode, log_time start, pid_t pid) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC struct logger_list* android_logger_list_alloc_time(int mode, log_time start,
+                                                                     pid_t pid) {
   struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list;
 
-  logger_list = calloc(1, sizeof(*logger_list));
+  logger_list = static_cast<android_log_logger_list*>(calloc(1, sizeof(*logger_list)));
   if (!logger_list) {
     return NULL;
   }
@@ -257,10 +239,6 @@
   logger_list->start = start;
   logger_list->pid = pid;
 
-  logger_list_wrlock();
-  list_add_tail(&__android_log_readers, &logger_list->node);
-  logger_list_unlock();
-
   return (struct logger_list*)logger_list;
 }
 
@@ -268,8 +246,8 @@
 /* android_logger_list_unregister unimplemented, no use case */
 
 /* Open the named log and add it to the logger list */
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC struct logger* android_logger_open(
-    struct logger_list* logger_list, log_id_t logId) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC struct logger* android_logger_open(struct logger_list* logger_list,
+                                                     log_id_t logId) {
   struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list_internal =
       (struct android_log_logger_list*)logger_list;
   struct android_log_logger* logger;
@@ -284,7 +262,7 @@
     }
   }
 
-  logger = calloc(1, sizeof(*logger));
+  logger = static_cast<android_log_logger*>(calloc(1, sizeof(*logger)));
   if (!logger) {
     goto err;
   }
@@ -311,8 +289,8 @@
 }
 
 /* Open the single named log and make it part of a new logger list */
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC struct logger_list* android_logger_list_open(
-    log_id_t logId, int mode, unsigned int tail, pid_t pid) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC struct logger_list* android_logger_list_open(log_id_t logId, int mode,
+                                                               unsigned int tail, pid_t pid) {
   struct logger_list* logger_list = android_logger_list_alloc(mode, tail, pid);
 
   if (!logger_list) {
@@ -379,8 +357,8 @@
   }
 
   /* at least one transport */
-  transp = node_to_item(logger_list_internal->transport.next,
-                        struct android_log_transport_context, node);
+  transp = node_to_item(logger_list_internal->transport.next, struct android_log_transport_context,
+                        node);
 
   /* more than one transport? */
   if (transp->node.next != &logger_list_internal->transport) {
@@ -401,11 +379,9 @@
             retval = transp->ret = 0;
           } else if ((logger_list_internal->mode & ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK) ||
                      !transp->transport->poll) {
-            retval = android_transport_read(logger_list_internal, transp,
-                                            &transp->logMsg);
+            retval = android_transport_read(logger_list_internal, transp, &transp->logMsg);
           } else {
-            int pollval =
-                (*transp->transport->poll)(logger_list_internal, transp);
+            int pollval = (*transp->transport->poll)(logger_list_internal, transp);
             if (pollval <= 0) {
               sched_yield();
               pollval = (*transp->transport->poll)(logger_list_internal, transp);
@@ -417,8 +393,7 @@
               }
               retval = transp->ret = pollval;
             } else if (pollval > 0) {
-              retval = android_transport_read(logger_list_internal, transp,
-                                              &transp->logMsg);
+              retval = android_transport_read(logger_list_internal, transp, &transp->logMsg);
             }
           }
         }
@@ -431,11 +406,9 @@
               (oldest->logMsg.entry.nsec > transp->logMsg.entry.nsec)))) {
           oldest = transp;
         }
-        transp = node_to_item(transp->node.next,
-                              struct android_log_transport_context, node);
+        transp = node_to_item(transp->node.next, struct android_log_transport_context, node);
       } while (transp != node_to_item(&logger_list_internal->transport,
-                                      struct android_log_transport_context,
-                                      node));
+                                      struct android_log_transport_context, node));
       if (!oldest && (logger_list_internal->mode & ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK)) {
         return (ret < 0) ? ret : -EAGAIN;
       }
@@ -449,10 +422,10 @@
     ret = oldest->ret;
     if (ret < oldest->logMsg.entry.hdr_size) {
       // zero truncated header fields.
-      memset(log_msg, 0,
-             (oldest->logMsg.entry.hdr_size > sizeof(oldest->logMsg)
-                  ? sizeof(oldest->logMsg)
-                  : oldest->logMsg.entry.hdr_size));
+      memset(
+          log_msg, 0,
+          (oldest->logMsg.entry.hdr_size > sizeof(oldest->logMsg) ? sizeof(oldest->logMsg)
+                                                                  : oldest->logMsg.entry.hdr_size));
     }
     memcpy(log_msg, &oldest->logMsg, ret);
     oldest->logMsg.entry.len = 0; /* Mark it as copied */
@@ -472,10 +445,6 @@
     return;
   }
 
-  logger_list_wrlock();
-  list_remove(&logger_list_internal->node);
-  logger_list_unlock();
-
   while (!list_empty(&logger_list_internal->transport)) {
     struct listnode* node = list_head(&logger_list_internal->transport);
     struct android_log_transport_context* transp =
@@ -490,8 +459,7 @@
 
   while (!list_empty(&logger_list_internal->logger)) {
     struct listnode* node = list_head(&logger_list_internal->logger);
-    struct android_log_logger* logger =
-        node_to_item(node, struct android_log_logger, node);
+    struct android_log_logger* logger = node_to_item(node, struct android_log_logger, node);
     android_logger_free((struct logger*)logger);
   }
 
diff --git a/liblog/logger_write.c b/liblog/logger_write.cpp
similarity index 87%
rename from liblog/logger_write.c
rename to liblog/logger_write.cpp
index 2754e6e..af8cb2d 100644
--- a/liblog/logger_write.c
+++ b/liblog/logger_write.cpp
@@ -33,23 +33,19 @@
 #include "config_write.h"
 #include "log_portability.h"
 #include "logger.h"
+#include "uio.h"
 
 #define LOG_BUF_SIZE 1024
 
 static int __write_to_log_init(log_id_t, struct iovec* vec, size_t nr);
-static int (*write_to_log)(log_id_t, struct iovec* vec,
-                           size_t nr) = __write_to_log_init;
+static int (*write_to_log)(log_id_t, struct iovec* vec, size_t nr) = __write_to_log_init;
 
 /*
  * This is used by the C++ code to decide if it should write logs through
  * the C code.  Basically, if /dev/socket/logd is available, we're running in
  * the simulator rather than a desktop tool and want to use the device.
  */
-static enum {
-  kLogUninitialized,
-  kLogNotAvailable,
-  kLogAvailable
-} g_log_status = kLogUninitialized;
+static enum { kLogUninitialized, kLogNotAvailable, kLogAvailable } g_log_status = kLogUninitialized;
 
 static int check_log_uid_permissions() {
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
@@ -70,7 +66,7 @@
           if (num_groups <= 0) {
             return -EPERM;
           }
-          groups = calloc(num_groups, sizeof(gid_t));
+          groups = static_cast<gid_t*>(calloc(num_groups, sizeof(gid_t)));
           if (!groups) {
             return -ENOMEM;
           }
@@ -93,9 +89,8 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
-static void __android_log_cache_available(
-    struct android_log_transport_write* node) {
-  size_t i;
+static void __android_log_cache_available(struct android_log_transport_write* node) {
+  uint32_t i;
 
   if (node->logMask) {
     return;
@@ -104,13 +99,13 @@
   for (i = LOG_ID_MIN; i < LOG_ID_MAX; ++i) {
     if (node->write && (i != LOG_ID_KERNEL) &&
         ((i != LOG_ID_SECURITY) || (check_log_uid_permissions() == 0)) &&
-        (!node->available || ((*node->available)(i) >= 0))) {
+        (!node->available || ((*node->available)(static_cast<log_id_t>(i)) >= 0))) {
       node->logMask |= 1 << i;
     }
   }
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_dev_available() {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC extern "C" int __android_log_dev_available() {
   struct android_log_transport_write* node;
 
   if (list_empty(&__android_log_transport_write)) {
@@ -308,10 +303,9 @@
       }
     }
     if (m && (m != (EventTagMap*)(uintptr_t)-1LL)) {
-      tag = android_lookupEventTag_len(m, &len, get4LE(vec[0].iov_base));
+      tag = android_lookupEventTag_len(m, &len, get4LE(static_cast<uint8_t*>(vec[0].iov_base)));
     }
-    ret = __android_log_is_loggable_len(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, tag, len,
-                                        ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE);
+    ret = __android_log_is_loggable_len(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, tag, len, ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE);
     if (f) { /* local copy marked for close */
       android_closeEventTagMap(f);
     }
@@ -322,7 +316,7 @@
   } else {
     /* Validate the incoming tag, tag content can not split across iovec */
     char prio = ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE;
-    const char* tag = vec[0].iov_base;
+    const char* tag = static_cast<const char*>(vec[0].iov_base);
     size_t len = vec[0].iov_len;
     if (!tag) {
       len = 0;
@@ -408,13 +402,12 @@
   return ret;
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_write(int prio, const char* tag,
-                                          const char* msg) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_write(int prio, const char* tag, const char* msg) {
   return __android_log_buf_write(LOG_ID_MAIN, prio, tag, msg);
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_buf_write(int bufID, int prio,
-                                              const char* tag, const char* msg) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_buf_write(int bufID, int prio, const char* tag,
+                                              const char* msg) {
   struct iovec vec[3];
   char tmp_tag[32];
 
@@ -457,7 +450,7 @@
         bufID = LOG_ID_RADIO;
         snprintf(tmp_tag, sizeof(tmp_tag), "use-Rlog/RLOG-%s", tag);
         tag = tmp_tag;
-      /* FALLTHRU */
+        [[fallthrough]];
       default:
         break;
     }
@@ -476,11 +469,10 @@
   vec[2].iov_base = (void*)msg;
   vec[2].iov_len = strlen(msg) + 1;
 
-  return write_to_log(bufID, vec, 3);
+  return write_to_log(static_cast<log_id_t>(bufID), vec, 3);
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_vprint(int prio, const char* tag,
-                                           const char* fmt, va_list ap) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_vprint(int prio, const char* tag, const char* fmt, va_list ap) {
   char buf[LOG_BUF_SIZE];
 
   vsnprintf(buf, LOG_BUF_SIZE, fmt, ap);
@@ -488,8 +480,7 @@
   return __android_log_write(prio, tag, buf);
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_print(int prio, const char* tag,
-                                          const char* fmt, ...) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_print(int prio, const char* tag, const char* fmt, ...) {
   va_list ap;
   char buf[LOG_BUF_SIZE];
 
@@ -500,8 +491,7 @@
   return __android_log_write(prio, tag, buf);
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_buf_print(int bufID, int prio,
-                                              const char* tag, const char* fmt,
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_buf_print(int bufID, int prio, const char* tag, const char* fmt,
                                               ...) {
   va_list ap;
   char buf[LOG_BUF_SIZE];
@@ -513,8 +503,8 @@
   return __android_log_buf_write(bufID, prio, tag, buf);
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC void __android_log_assert(const char* cond, const char* tag,
-                                            const char* fmt, ...) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC void __android_log_assert(const char* cond, const char* tag, const char* fmt,
+                                            ...) {
   char buf[LOG_BUF_SIZE];
 
   if (fmt) {
@@ -535,18 +525,15 @@
 
   // Log assertion failures to stderr for the benefit of "adb shell" users
   // and gtests (http://b/23675822).
-  struct iovec iov[2] = {
-    { buf, strlen(buf) }, { (char*)"\n", 1 },
-  };
-  TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(writev(2, iov, 2));
+  TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(2, buf, strlen(buf)));
+  TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(2, "\n", 1));
 
   __android_log_write(ANDROID_LOG_FATAL, tag, buf);
   abort(); /* abort so we have a chance to debug the situation */
            /* NOTREACHED */
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_bwrite(int32_t tag, const void* payload,
-                                           size_t len) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_bwrite(int32_t tag, const void* payload, size_t len) {
   struct iovec vec[2];
 
   vec[0].iov_base = &tag;
@@ -557,9 +544,7 @@
   return write_to_log(LOG_ID_EVENTS, vec, 2);
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_stats_bwrite(int32_t tag,
-                                                 const void* payload,
-                                                 size_t len) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_stats_bwrite(int32_t tag, const void* payload, size_t len) {
   struct iovec vec[2];
 
   vec[0].iov_base = &tag;
@@ -570,9 +555,7 @@
   return write_to_log(LOG_ID_STATS, vec, 2);
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_security_bwrite(int32_t tag,
-                                                    const void* payload,
-                                                    size_t len) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_security_bwrite(int32_t tag, const void* payload, size_t len) {
   struct iovec vec[2];
 
   vec[0].iov_base = &tag;
@@ -588,8 +571,8 @@
  * for the general case where we're generating lists of stuff, but very
  * handy if we just want to dump an integer into the log.
  */
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_btwrite(int32_t tag, char type,
-                                            const void* payload, size_t len) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_btwrite(int32_t tag, char type, const void* payload,
+                                            size_t len) {
   struct iovec vec[3];
 
   vec[0].iov_base = &tag;
@@ -627,8 +610,7 @@
  * Like __android_log_security_bwrite, but used for writing strings to the
  * security log.
  */
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_security_bswrite(int32_t tag,
-                                                     const char* payload) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_security_bswrite(int32_t tag, const char* payload) {
   struct iovec vec[4];
   char type = EVENT_TYPE_STRING;
   uint32_t len = strlen(payload);
@@ -684,9 +666,9 @@
     return retval;
   }
 
-  __android_log_transport &= LOGGER_LOCAL | LOGGER_LOGD | LOGGER_STDERR;
+  __android_log_transport &= LOGGER_LOGD | LOGGER_STDERR;
 
-  transport_flag &= LOGGER_LOCAL | LOGGER_LOGD | LOGGER_STDERR;
+  transport_flag &= LOGGER_LOGD | LOGGER_STDERR;
 
   if (__android_log_transport != transport_flag) {
     __android_log_transport = transport_flag;
@@ -695,8 +677,7 @@
 
     write_to_log = __write_to_log_init;
     /* generically we only expect these two values for write_to_log */
-  } else if ((write_to_log != __write_to_log_init) &&
-             (write_to_log != __write_to_log_daemon)) {
+  } else if ((write_to_log != __write_to_log_init) && (write_to_log != __write_to_log_daemon)) {
     write_to_log = __write_to_log_init;
   }
 
@@ -714,10 +695,9 @@
   if (write_to_log == __write_to_log_null) {
     ret = LOGGER_NULL;
   } else {
-    __android_log_transport &= LOGGER_LOCAL | LOGGER_LOGD | LOGGER_STDERR;
+    __android_log_transport &= LOGGER_LOGD | LOGGER_STDERR;
     ret = __android_log_transport;
-    if ((write_to_log != __write_to_log_init) &&
-        (write_to_log != __write_to_log_daemon)) {
+    if ((write_to_log != __write_to_log_init) && (write_to_log != __write_to_log_daemon)) {
       ret = -EINVAL;
     }
   }
diff --git a/liblog/logprint.c b/liblog/logprint.cpp
similarity index 90%
rename from liblog/logprint.c
rename to liblog/logprint.cpp
index 7937cb1..798b089 100644
--- a/liblog/logprint.c
+++ b/liblog/logprint.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 ** limitations under the License.
 */
 
-#define _GNU_SOURCE /* for asprintf */
 #ifndef __MINGW32__
 #define HAVE_STRSEP
 #endif
@@ -154,7 +153,7 @@
     case ANDROID_LOG_DEFAULT:
     case ANDROID_LOG_UNKNOWN:
     default:                  return '?';
-    /* clang-format on */
+      /* clang-format on */
   }
 }
 
@@ -172,16 +171,14 @@
     case ANDROID_LOG_DEFAULT:
     case ANDROID_LOG_UNKNOWN:
     default:                  return ANDROID_COLOR_DEFAULT;
-    /* clang-format on */
+      /* clang-format on */
   }
 }
 
-static android_LogPriority filterPriForTag(AndroidLogFormat* p_format,
-                                           const char* tag) {
+static android_LogPriority filterPriForTag(AndroidLogFormat* p_format, const char* tag) {
   FilterInfo* p_curFilter;
 
-  for (p_curFilter = p_format->filters; p_curFilter != NULL;
-       p_curFilter = p_curFilter->p_next) {
+  for (p_curFilter = p_format->filters; p_curFilter != NULL; p_curFilter = p_curFilter->p_next) {
     if (0 == strcmp(tag, p_curFilter->mTag)) {
       if (p_curFilter->mPri == ANDROID_LOG_DEFAULT) {
         return p_format->global_pri;
@@ -198,8 +195,7 @@
  * returns 1 if this log line should be printed based on its priority
  * and tag, and 0 if it should not
  */
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_shouldPrintLine(AndroidLogFormat* p_format,
-                                                  const char* tag,
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_shouldPrintLine(AndroidLogFormat* p_format, const char* tag,
                                                   android_LogPriority pri) {
   return pri >= filterPriForTag(p_format, tag);
 }
@@ -207,7 +203,7 @@
 LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC AndroidLogFormat* android_log_format_new() {
   AndroidLogFormat* p_ret;
 
-  p_ret = calloc(1, sizeof(AndroidLogFormat));
+  p_ret = static_cast<AndroidLogFormat*>(calloc(1, sizeof(AndroidLogFormat)));
 
   p_ret->global_pri = ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE;
   p_ret->format = FORMAT_BRIEF;
@@ -302,8 +298,7 @@
 /**
  * Returns FORMAT_OFF on invalid string
  */
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC AndroidLogPrintFormat
-android_log_formatFromString(const char* formatString) {
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC AndroidLogPrintFormat android_log_formatFromString(const char* formatString) {
   static AndroidLogPrintFormat format;
 
   /* clang-format off */
@@ -326,7 +321,7 @@
   else if (!strcmp(formatString, "monotonic")) format = FORMAT_MODIFIER_MONOTONIC;
   else if (!strcmp(formatString, "uid")) format = FORMAT_MODIFIER_UID;
   else if (!strcmp(formatString, "descriptive")) format = FORMAT_MODIFIER_DESCRIPT;
-  /* clang-format on */
+    /* clang-format on */
 
 #ifndef __MINGW32__
   else {
@@ -344,9 +339,8 @@
      */
     tzset();
     if (!tzname[0] ||
-        ((!strcmp(tzname[0], utc) || !strcmp(tzname[0], gmt)) /* error? */
-         && strcasecmp(formatString, utc) &&
-         strcasecmp(formatString, gmt))) { /* ok */
+        ((!strcmp(tzname[0], utc) || !strcmp(tzname[0], gmt))                  /* error? */
+         && strcasecmp(formatString, utc) && strcasecmp(formatString, gmt))) { /* ok */
       if (cp) {
         setenv(tz, cp, 1);
       } else {
@@ -581,7 +575,7 @@
     msg[msgEnd] = '\0';
   }
 
-  entry->priority = msg[0];
+  entry->priority = static_cast<android_LogPriority>(msg[0]);
   entry->tag = msg + 1;
   entry->tagLen = msgStart - 1;
   entry->message = msg + msgStart;
@@ -643,9 +637,8 @@
   TYPE_MONOTONIC = 's'
 };
 
-static int android_log_printBinaryEvent(const unsigned char** pEventData,
-                                        size_t* pEventDataLen, char** pOutBuf,
-                                        size_t* pOutBufLen, const char** fmtStr,
+static int android_log_printBinaryEvent(const unsigned char** pEventData, size_t* pEventDataLen,
+                                        char** pOutBuf, size_t* pOutBufLen, const char** fmtStr,
                                         size_t* fmtLen) {
   const unsigned char* eventData = *pEventData;
   size_t eventDataLen = *pEventDataLen;
@@ -729,13 +722,10 @@
     }
 
     if (findChar(&cp, &len, '|') && findChar(&cp, &len, INT_MAX)) {
-      static const unsigned char typeTable[] = {
-        EVENT_TYPE_INT, EVENT_TYPE_LONG, EVENT_TYPE_STRING, EVENT_TYPE_LIST,
-        EVENT_TYPE_FLOAT
-      };
+      static const unsigned char typeTable[] = {EVENT_TYPE_INT, EVENT_TYPE_LONG, EVENT_TYPE_STRING,
+                                                EVENT_TYPE_LIST, EVENT_TYPE_FLOAT};
 
-      if ((*cp >= '1') &&
-          (*cp < (char)('1' + (sizeof(typeTable) / sizeof(typeTable[0])))) &&
+      if ((*cp >= '1') && (*cp < (char)('1' + (sizeof(typeTable) / sizeof(typeTable[0])))) &&
           (type != typeTable[(size_t)(*cp - '1')]))
         len = 0;
 
@@ -858,8 +848,8 @@
         outBufLen--;
 
         for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-          result = android_log_printBinaryEvent(
-              &eventData, &eventDataLen, &outBuf, &outBufLen, fmtStr, fmtLen);
+          result = android_log_printBinaryEvent(&eventData, &eventDataLen, &outBuf, &outBufLen,
+                                                fmtStr, fmtLen);
           if (result != 0) goto bail;
 
           if (i < (count - 1)) {
@@ -889,24 +879,21 @@
         case TYPE_BYTES:
           if ((lval != 0) && ((lval % 1024) == 0)) {
             /* repaint with multiplier */
-            static const char suffixTable[] = { 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T' };
+            static const char suffixTable[] = {'K', 'M', 'G', 'T'};
             size_t idx = 0;
             outBuf -= outCount;
             outBufLen += outCount;
             do {
               lval /= 1024;
               if ((lval % 1024) != 0) break;
-            } while (++idx <
-                     ((sizeof(suffixTable) / sizeof(suffixTable[0])) - 1));
-            outCount = snprintf(outBuf, outBufLen, "%" PRId64 "%cB", lval,
-                                suffixTable[idx]);
+            } while (++idx < ((sizeof(suffixTable) / sizeof(suffixTable[0])) - 1));
+            outCount = snprintf(outBuf, outBufLen, "%" PRId64 "%cB", lval, suffixTable[idx]);
           } else {
             outCount = snprintf(outBuf, outBufLen, "B");
           }
           break;
         case TYPE_MILLISECONDS:
-          if (((lval <= -1000) || (1000 <= lval)) &&
-              (outBufLen || (outBuf[-1] == '0'))) {
+          if (((lval <= -1000) || (1000 <= lval)) && (outBufLen || (outBuf[-1] == '0'))) {
             /* repaint as (fractional) seconds, possibly saving space */
             if (outBufLen) outBuf[0] = outBuf[-1];
             outBuf[-1] = outBuf[-2];
@@ -943,22 +930,19 @@
           }
           if (val >= minute) {
             if (val >= hour) {
-              outCount = snprintf(outBuf, outBufLen, "%" PRIu64 ":",
-                                  (val / hour) % (day / hour));
+              outCount = snprintf(outBuf, outBufLen, "%" PRIu64 ":", (val / hour) % (day / hour));
               if (outCount >= outBufLen) break;
               outBuf += outCount;
               outBufLen -= outCount;
             }
             outCount =
-                snprintf(outBuf, outBufLen,
-                         (val >= hour) ? "%02" PRIu64 ":" : "%" PRIu64 ":",
+                snprintf(outBuf, outBufLen, (val >= hour) ? "%02" PRIu64 ":" : "%" PRIu64 ":",
                          (val / minute) % (hour / minute));
             if (outCount >= outBufLen) break;
             outBuf += outCount;
             outBufLen -= outCount;
           }
-          outCount = snprintf(outBuf, outBufLen,
-                              (val >= minute) ? "%02" PRIu64 : "%" PRIu64 "s",
+          outCount = snprintf(outBuf, outBufLen, (val >= minute) ? "%02" PRIu64 : "%" PRIu64 "s",
                               val % minute);
         } break;
         case TYPE_ALLOCATIONS:
@@ -1015,7 +999,7 @@
  */
 LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_processBinaryLogBuffer(
     struct logger_entry* buf, AndroidLogEntry* entry,
-    const EventTagMap* map __unused, /* only on !__ANDROID__ */
+    [[maybe_unused]] const EventTagMap* map, /* only on !__ANDROID__ */
     char* messageBuf, int messageBufLen) {
   size_t inCount;
   uint32_t tagIndex;
@@ -1100,8 +1084,8 @@
   int result = 0;
 
   if ((inCount > 0) || fmtLen) {
-    result = android_log_printBinaryEvent(&eventData, &inCount, &outBuf,
-                                          &outRemaining, &fmtStr, &fmtLen);
+    result = android_log_printBinaryEvent(&eventData, &inCount, &outBuf, &outRemaining, &fmtStr,
+                                          &fmtLen);
   }
   if ((result == 1) && fmtStr) {
     /* We overflowed :-(, let's repaint the line w/o format dressings */
@@ -1112,8 +1096,7 @@
     eventData += 4;
     outBuf = messageBuf;
     outRemaining = messageBufLen - 1;
-    result = android_log_printBinaryEvent(&eventData, &inCount, &outBuf,
-                                          &outRemaining, NULL, NULL);
+    result = android_log_printBinaryEvent(&eventData, &inCount, &outBuf, &outRemaining, NULL, NULL);
   }
   if (result < 0) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Binary log entry conversion failed\n");
@@ -1187,8 +1170,7 @@
   }
 
   for (utf32 = 1, num_to_read = 1, mask = 0x40, to_ignore_mask = 0x80;
-       num_to_read < 5 && (first_char & mask);
-       num_to_read++, to_ignore_mask |= mask, mask >>= 1) {
+       num_to_read < 5 && (first_char & mask); num_to_read++, to_ignore_mask |= mask, mask >>= 1) {
     if (num_to_read > len) {
       return -1;
     }
@@ -1226,8 +1208,7 @@
     len = utf8_character_length(message, len);
 
     if (len < 0) {
-      snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
-               ((messageLen > 1) && isdigit(message[1])) ? "\\%03o" : "\\%o",
+      snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), ((messageLen > 1) && isdigit(message[1])) ? "\\%03o" : "\\%o",
                *message & 0377);
       len = 1;
     } else {
@@ -1281,8 +1262,7 @@
   return p;
 }
 
-static struct timespec* sumTimespec(struct timespec* left,
-                                    struct timespec* right) {
+static struct timespec* sumTimespec(struct timespec* left, struct timespec* right) {
   left->tv_nsec += right->tv_nsec;
   left->tv_sec += right->tv_sec;
   if (left->tv_nsec >= (long)NS_PER_SEC) {
@@ -1292,8 +1272,7 @@
   return left;
 }
 
-static struct timespec* subTimespec(struct timespec* result,
-                                    struct timespec* left,
+static struct timespec* subTimespec(struct timespec* result, struct timespec* left,
                                     struct timespec* right) {
   result->tv_nsec = left->tv_nsec - right->tv_nsec;
   result->tv_sec = left->tv_sec - right->tv_sec;
@@ -1309,8 +1288,7 @@
 }
 
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
-static void convertMonotonic(struct timespec* result,
-                             const AndroidLogEntry* entry) {
+static void convertMonotonic(struct timespec* result, const AndroidLogEntry* entry) {
   struct listnode* node;
   struct conversionList {
     struct listnode node; /* first */
@@ -1322,8 +1300,8 @@
   /* If we do not have a conversion list, build one up */
   if (list_empty(&convertHead)) {
     bool suspended_pending = false;
-    struct timespec suspended_monotonic = { 0, 0 };
-    struct timespec suspended_diff = { 0, 0 };
+    struct timespec suspended_monotonic = {0, 0};
+    struct timespec suspended_diff = {0, 0};
 
     /*
      * Read dmesg for _some_ synchronization markers and insert
@@ -1413,15 +1391,14 @@
           } else {
             unsetenv(tz);
           }
-          list = calloc(1, sizeof(struct conversionList));
+          list = static_cast<conversionList*>(calloc(1, sizeof(conversionList)));
           list_init(&list->node);
           list->time = time;
           subTimespec(&list->convert, &time, &monotonic);
           list_add_tail(&convertHead, &list->node);
         }
         if (suspended_pending && !list_empty(&convertHead)) {
-          list = node_to_item(list_tail(&convertHead), struct conversionList,
-                              node);
+          list = node_to_item(list_tail(&convertHead), struct conversionList, node);
           if (subTimespec(&time, subTimespec(&time, &list->time, &list->convert),
                           &suspended_monotonic)
                   ->tv_sec > 0) {
@@ -1434,13 +1411,13 @@
           time = suspended_monotonic;
           sumTimespec(&time, &convert);
           /* breakpoint just before sleep */
-          list = calloc(1, sizeof(struct conversionList));
+          list = static_cast<conversionList*>(calloc(1, sizeof(conversionList)));
           list_init(&list->node);
           list->time = time;
           list->convert = convert;
           list_add_tail(&convertHead, &list->node);
           /* breakpoint just after sleep */
-          list = calloc(1, sizeof(struct conversionList));
+          list = static_cast<conversionList*>(calloc(1, sizeof(conversionList)));
           list_init(&list->node);
           list->time = time;
           sumTimespec(&list->time, &suspended_diff);
@@ -1453,7 +1430,7 @@
       pclose(p);
     }
     /* last entry is our current time conversion */
-    list = calloc(1, sizeof(struct conversionList));
+    list = static_cast<conversionList*>(calloc(1, sizeof(conversionList)));
     list_init(&list->node);
     clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &list->time);
     clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &convert);
@@ -1469,7 +1446,7 @@
       time = suspended_monotonic;
       sumTimespec(&time, &convert);
       /* breakpoint just after sleep */
-      list = calloc(1, sizeof(struct conversionList));
+      list = static_cast<conversionList*>(calloc(1, sizeof(conversionList)));
       list_init(&list->node);
       list->time = time;
       sumTimespec(&list->time, &suspended_diff);
@@ -1477,7 +1454,7 @@
       sumTimespec(&list->convert, &suspended_diff);
       list_add_head(&convertHead, &list->node);
       /* breakpoint just before sleep */
-      list = calloc(1, sizeof(struct conversionList));
+      list = static_cast<conversionList*>(calloc(1, sizeof(conversionList)));
       list_init(&list->node);
       list->time = time;
       list->convert = convert;
@@ -1548,8 +1525,7 @@
  * Returns NULL on malloc error
  */
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC char* android_log_formatLogLine(AndroidLogFormat* p_format,
-                                                  char* defaultBuffer,
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC char* android_log_formatLogLine(AndroidLogFormat* p_format, char* defaultBuffer,
                                                   size_t defaultBufferSize,
                                                   const AndroidLogEntry* entry,
                                                   size_t* p_outLength) {
@@ -1600,26 +1576,23 @@
   }
   if (p_format->epoch_output || p_format->monotonic_output) {
     ptm = NULL;
-    snprintf(timeBuf, sizeof(timeBuf),
-             p_format->monotonic_output ? "%6lld" : "%19lld", (long long)now);
+    snprintf(timeBuf, sizeof(timeBuf), p_format->monotonic_output ? "%6lld" : "%19lld",
+             (long long)now);
   } else {
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
     ptm = localtime_r(&now, &tmBuf);
 #else
     ptm = localtime(&now);
 #endif
-    strftime(timeBuf, sizeof(timeBuf),
-             &"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"[p_format->year_output ? 0 : 3], ptm);
+    strftime(timeBuf, sizeof(timeBuf), &"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"[p_format->year_output ? 0 : 3], ptm);
   }
   len = strlen(timeBuf);
   if (p_format->nsec_time_output) {
     len += snprintf(timeBuf + len, sizeof(timeBuf) - len, ".%09ld", nsec);
   } else if (p_format->usec_time_output) {
-    len += snprintf(timeBuf + len, sizeof(timeBuf) - len, ".%06ld",
-                    nsec / US_PER_NSEC);
+    len += snprintf(timeBuf + len, sizeof(timeBuf) - len, ".%06ld", nsec / US_PER_NSEC);
   } else {
-    len += snprintf(timeBuf + len, sizeof(timeBuf) - len, ".%03ld",
-                    nsec / MS_PER_NSEC);
+    len += snprintf(timeBuf + len, sizeof(timeBuf) - len, ".%03ld", nsec / MS_PER_NSEC);
   }
   if (p_format->zone_output && ptm) {
     strftime(timeBuf + len, sizeof(timeBuf) - len, " %z", ptm);
@@ -1629,8 +1602,8 @@
    * Construct a buffer containing the log header and log message.
    */
   if (p_format->colored_output) {
-    prefixLen = snprintf(prefixBuf, sizeof(prefixBuf), "\x1B[38;5;%dm",
-                         colorFromPri(entry->priority));
+    prefixLen =
+        snprintf(prefixBuf, sizeof(prefixBuf), "\x1B[38;5;%dm", colorFromPri(entry->priority));
     prefixLen = MIN(prefixLen, sizeof(prefixBuf));
 
     const char suffixContents[] = "\x1B[0m";
@@ -1649,8 +1622,7 @@
 #if !defined(__MINGW32__)
 #if (FAKE_LOG_DEVICE == 0)
 #ifndef __BIONIC__
-#warning \
-    "This code assumes that getpwuid is thread safe, only true with Bionic!"
+#warning "This code assumes that getpwuid is thread safe, only true with Bionic!"
 #endif
 #endif
       struct passwd* pwd = getpwuid(entry->uid);
@@ -1669,21 +1641,21 @@
 
   switch (p_format->format) {
     case FORMAT_TAG:
-      len = snprintf(prefixBuf + prefixLen, sizeof(prefixBuf) - prefixLen,
-                     "%c/%-8.*s: ", priChar, (int)entry->tagLen, entry->tag);
+      len = snprintf(prefixBuf + prefixLen, sizeof(prefixBuf) - prefixLen, "%c/%-8.*s: ", priChar,
+                     (int)entry->tagLen, entry->tag);
       strcpy(suffixBuf + suffixLen, "\n");
       ++suffixLen;
       break;
     case FORMAT_PROCESS:
-      len = snprintf(suffixBuf + suffixLen, sizeof(suffixBuf) - suffixLen,
-                     "  (%.*s)\n", (int)entry->tagLen, entry->tag);
+      len = snprintf(suffixBuf + suffixLen, sizeof(suffixBuf) - suffixLen, "  (%.*s)\n",
+                     (int)entry->tagLen, entry->tag);
       suffixLen += MIN(len, sizeof(suffixBuf) - suffixLen);
-      len = snprintf(prefixBuf + prefixLen, sizeof(prefixBuf) - prefixLen,
-                     "%c(%s%5d) ", priChar, uid, entry->pid);
+      len = snprintf(prefixBuf + prefixLen, sizeof(prefixBuf) - prefixLen, "%c(%s%5d) ", priChar,
+                     uid, entry->pid);
       break;
     case FORMAT_THREAD:
-      len = snprintf(prefixBuf + prefixLen, sizeof(prefixBuf) - prefixLen,
-                     "%c(%s%5d:%5d) ", priChar, uid, entry->pid, entry->tid);
+      len = snprintf(prefixBuf + prefixLen, sizeof(prefixBuf) - prefixLen, "%c(%s%5d:%5d) ",
+                     priChar, uid, entry->pid, entry->tid);
       strcpy(suffixBuf + suffixLen, "\n");
       ++suffixLen;
       break;
@@ -1695,8 +1667,8 @@
       break;
     case FORMAT_TIME:
       len = snprintf(prefixBuf + prefixLen, sizeof(prefixBuf) - prefixLen,
-                     "%s %c/%-8.*s(%s%5d): ", timeBuf, priChar,
-                     (int)entry->tagLen, entry->tag, uid, entry->pid);
+                     "%s %c/%-8.*s(%s%5d): ", timeBuf, priChar, (int)entry->tagLen, entry->tag, uid,
+                     entry->pid);
       strcpy(suffixBuf + suffixLen, "\n");
       ++suffixLen;
       break;
@@ -1706,24 +1678,24 @@
         *ret = ' ';
       }
       len = snprintf(prefixBuf + prefixLen, sizeof(prefixBuf) - prefixLen,
-                     "%s %s%5d %5d %c %-8.*s: ", timeBuf, uid, entry->pid,
-                     entry->tid, priChar, (int)entry->tagLen, entry->tag);
+                     "%s %s%5d %5d %c %-8.*s: ", timeBuf, uid, entry->pid, entry->tid, priChar,
+                     (int)entry->tagLen, entry->tag);
       strcpy(suffixBuf + suffixLen, "\n");
       ++suffixLen;
       break;
     case FORMAT_LONG:
       len = snprintf(prefixBuf + prefixLen, sizeof(prefixBuf) - prefixLen,
-                     "[ %s %s%5d:%5d %c/%-8.*s ]\n", timeBuf, uid, entry->pid,
-                     entry->tid, priChar, (int)entry->tagLen, entry->tag);
+                     "[ %s %s%5d:%5d %c/%-8.*s ]\n", timeBuf, uid, entry->pid, entry->tid, priChar,
+                     (int)entry->tagLen, entry->tag);
       strcpy(suffixBuf + suffixLen, "\n\n");
       suffixLen += 2;
       prefixSuffixIsHeaderFooter = 1;
       break;
     case FORMAT_BRIEF:
     default:
-      len = snprintf(prefixBuf + prefixLen, sizeof(prefixBuf) - prefixLen,
-                     "%c/%-8.*s(%s%5d): ", priChar, (int)entry->tagLen,
-                     entry->tag, uid, entry->pid);
+      len =
+          snprintf(prefixBuf + prefixLen, sizeof(prefixBuf) - prefixLen,
+                   "%c/%-8.*s(%s%5d): ", priChar, (int)entry->tagLen, entry->tag, uid, entry->pid);
       strcpy(suffixBuf + suffixLen, "\n");
       ++suffixLen;
       break;
@@ -1847,16 +1819,15 @@
  * Returns count bytes written
  */
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_printLogLine(AndroidLogFormat* p_format,
-                                               int fd,
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int android_log_printLogLine(AndroidLogFormat* p_format, int fd,
                                                const AndroidLogEntry* entry) {
   int ret;
   char defaultBuffer[512];
   char* outBuffer = NULL;
   size_t totalLen;
 
-  outBuffer = android_log_formatLogLine(
-      p_format, defaultBuffer, sizeof(defaultBuffer), entry, &totalLen);
+  outBuffer =
+      android_log_formatLogLine(p_format, defaultBuffer, sizeof(defaultBuffer), entry, &totalLen);
 
   if (!outBuffer) return -1;
 
diff --git a/liblog/pmsg_reader.c b/liblog/pmsg_reader.cpp
similarity index 83%
rename from liblog/pmsg_reader.c
rename to liblog/pmsg_reader.cpp
index c3ed8a2..7bc6e4a 100644
--- a/liblog/pmsg_reader.c
+++ b/liblog/pmsg_reader.cpp
@@ -32,28 +32,27 @@
 static int pmsgVersion(struct android_log_logger* logger,
                        struct android_log_transport_context* transp);
 static int pmsgRead(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list,
-                    struct android_log_transport_context* transp,
-                    struct log_msg* log_msg);
+                    struct android_log_transport_context* transp, struct log_msg* log_msg);
 static void pmsgClose(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list,
                       struct android_log_transport_context* transp);
 static int pmsgClear(struct android_log_logger* logger,
                      struct android_log_transport_context* transp);
 
 LIBLOG_HIDDEN struct android_log_transport_read pmsgLoggerRead = {
-  .node = { &pmsgLoggerRead.node, &pmsgLoggerRead.node },
-  .name = "pmsg",
-  .available = pmsgAvailable,
-  .version = pmsgVersion,
-  .read = pmsgRead,
-  .poll = NULL,
-  .close = pmsgClose,
-  .clear = pmsgClear,
-  .setSize = NULL,
-  .getSize = NULL,
-  .getReadableSize = NULL,
-  .getPrune = NULL,
-  .setPrune = NULL,
-  .getStats = NULL,
+    .node = {&pmsgLoggerRead.node, &pmsgLoggerRead.node},
+    .name = "pmsg",
+    .available = pmsgAvailable,
+    .version = pmsgVersion,
+    .read = pmsgRead,
+    .poll = NULL,
+    .close = pmsgClose,
+    .clear = pmsgClear,
+    .setSize = NULL,
+    .getSize = NULL,
+    .getReadableSize = NULL,
+    .getPrune = NULL,
+    .setPrune = NULL,
+    .getStats = NULL,
 };
 
 static int pmsgAvailable(log_id_t logId) {
@@ -68,8 +67,7 @@
 
 /* Determine the credentials of the caller */
 static bool uid_has_log_permission(uid_t uid) {
-  return (uid == AID_SYSTEM) || (uid == AID_LOG) || (uid == AID_ROOT) ||
-         (uid == AID_LOGD);
+  return (uid == AID_SYSTEM) || (uid == AID_LOG) || (uid == AID_ROOT) || (uid == AID_LOGD);
 }
 
 static uid_t get_best_effective_uid() {
@@ -130,8 +128,7 @@
 }
 
 static int pmsgRead(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list,
-                    struct android_log_transport_context* transp,
-                    struct log_msg* log_msg) {
+                    struct android_log_transport_context* transp, struct log_msg* log_msg) {
   ssize_t ret;
   off_t current, next;
   uid_t uid;
@@ -174,8 +171,7 @@
       if (fd <= 0) {
         return -EBADF;
       }
-      ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
-          read(fd, &buf.p.magic + preread_count, sizeof(buf) - preread_count));
+      ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, &buf.p.magic + preread_count, sizeof(buf) - preread_count));
       if (ret < 0) {
         return -errno;
       }
@@ -185,11 +181,10 @@
       return preread_count ? -EIO : -EAGAIN;
     }
     if ((buf.p.magic != LOGGER_MAGIC) || (buf.p.len <= sizeof(buf)) ||
-        (buf.p.len > (sizeof(buf) + LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD)) ||
-        (buf.l.id >= LOG_ID_MAX) || (buf.l.realtime.tv_nsec >= NS_PER_SEC) ||
+        (buf.p.len > (sizeof(buf) + LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD)) || (buf.l.id >= LOG_ID_MAX) ||
+        (buf.l.realtime.tv_nsec >= NS_PER_SEC) ||
         ((buf.l.id != LOG_ID_EVENTS) && (buf.l.id != LOG_ID_SECURITY) &&
-         ((buf.prio == ANDROID_LOG_UNKNOWN) ||
-          (buf.prio == ANDROID_LOG_DEFAULT) ||
+         ((buf.prio == ANDROID_LOG_UNKNOWN) || (buf.prio == ANDROID_LOG_DEFAULT) ||
           (buf.prio >= ANDROID_LOG_SILENT)))) {
       do {
         memmove(&buf.p.magic, &buf.p.magic + 1, --preread_count);
@@ -213,8 +208,7 @@
         if (fd <= 0) {
           return -EBADF;
         }
-        ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
-            read(fd, msg + sizeof(buf.prio), buf.p.len - sizeof(buf)));
+        ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, msg + sizeof(buf.prio), buf.p.len - sizeof(buf)));
         if (ret < 0) {
           return -errno;
         }
@@ -250,8 +244,7 @@
     if (fd <= 0) {
       return -EBADF;
     }
-    next = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
-        lseek(fd, (off_t)(buf.p.len - sizeof(buf)), SEEK_CUR));
+    next = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(lseek(fd, (off_t)(buf.p.len - sizeof(buf)), SEEK_CUR));
     if (next < 0) {
       return -errno;
     }
@@ -269,9 +262,18 @@
   }
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PRIVATE ssize_t
-__android_log_pmsg_file_read(log_id_t logId, char prio, const char* prefix,
-                             __android_log_pmsg_file_read_fn fn, void* arg) {
+static void* realloc_or_free(void* ptr, size_t new_size) {
+  void* result = realloc(ptr, new_size);
+  if (!result) {
+    free(ptr);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+LIBLOG_ABI_PRIVATE ssize_t __android_log_pmsg_file_read(log_id_t logId, char prio,
+                                                        const char* prefix,
+                                                        __android_log_pmsg_file_read_fn fn,
+                                                        void* arg) {
   ssize_t ret;
   struct android_log_logger_list logger_list;
   struct android_log_transport_context transp;
@@ -304,14 +306,12 @@
   memset(&logger_list, 0, sizeof(logger_list));
   memset(&transp, 0, sizeof(transp));
 
-  logger_list.mode =
-      ANDROID_LOG_PSTORE | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK | ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY;
+  logger_list.mode = ANDROID_LOG_PSTORE | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK | ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY;
   transp.logMask = (unsigned)-1;
   if (logId != LOG_ID_ANY) {
     transp.logMask = (1 << logId);
   }
-  transp.logMask &=
-      ~((1 << LOG_ID_KERNEL) | (1 << LOG_ID_EVENTS) | (1 << LOG_ID_SECURITY));
+  transp.logMask &= ~((1 << LOG_ID_KERNEL) | (1 << LOG_ID_EVENTS) | (1 << LOG_ID_SECURITY));
   if (!transp.logMask) {
     return -EINVAL;
   }
@@ -338,15 +338,13 @@
 
   /* Read the file content */
   while (pmsgRead(&logger_list, &transp, &transp.logMsg) > 0) {
-    char* cp;
-    size_t hdr_size = transp.logMsg.entry.hdr_size
-                          ? transp.logMsg.entry.hdr_size
-                          : sizeof(transp.logMsg.entry_v1);
+    const char* cp;
+    size_t hdr_size = transp.logMsg.entry.hdr_size ? transp.logMsg.entry.hdr_size
+                                                   : sizeof(transp.logMsg.entry_v1);
     char* msg = (char*)&transp.logMsg + hdr_size;
-    char* split = NULL;
+    const char* split = NULL;
 
-    if ((hdr_size < sizeof(transp.logMsg.entry_v1)) ||
-        (hdr_size > sizeof(transp.logMsg.entry))) {
+    if ((hdr_size < sizeof(transp.logMsg.entry_v1)) || (hdr_size > sizeof(transp.logMsg.entry))) {
       continue;
     }
     /* Check for invalid sequence number */
@@ -358,8 +356,7 @@
 
     /* Determine if it has <dirbase>:<filebase> format for tag */
     len = transp.logMsg.entry.len - sizeof(prio);
-    for (cp = msg + sizeof(prio); *cp && isprint(*cp) && !isspace(*cp) && --len;
-         ++cp) {
+    for (cp = msg + sizeof(prio); *cp && isprint(*cp) && !isspace(*cp) && --len; ++cp) {
       if (*cp == ':') {
         if (split) {
           break;
@@ -387,13 +384,12 @@
         continue;
       }
       offset = split - prefix;
-      if ((msg[offset + sizeof(prio)] != ':') ||
-          strncmp(msg + sizeof(prio), prefix, offset)) {
+      if ((msg[offset + sizeof(prio)] != ':') || strncmp(msg + sizeof(prio), prefix, offset)) {
         continue;
       }
       ++offset;
-      if ((prefix_len > offset) && strncmp(&msg[offset + sizeof(prio)],
-                                           split + 1, prefix_len - offset)) {
+      if ((prefix_len > offset) &&
+          strncmp(&msg[offset + sizeof(prio)], split + 1, prefix_len - offset)) {
         continue;
       }
     }
@@ -405,8 +401,8 @@
     /* check if there is an existing entry */
     list_for_each(node, &name_list) {
       names = node_to_item(node, struct names, node);
-      if (!strcmp(names->name, msg + sizeof(prio)) &&
-          (names->id == transp.logMsg.entry.lid) && (names->prio == *msg)) {
+      if (!strcmp(names->name, msg + sizeof(prio)) && (names->id == transp.logMsg.entry.lid) &&
+          (names->prio == *msg)) {
         break;
       }
     }
@@ -417,13 +413,13 @@
       unsigned long long nl;
 
       len = strlen(msg + sizeof(prio)) + 1;
-      names = calloc(1, sizeof(*names) + len);
+      names = static_cast<struct names*>(calloc(1, sizeof(*names) + len));
       if (!names) {
         ret = -ENOMEM;
         break;
       }
       strcpy(names->name, msg + sizeof(prio));
-      names->id = transp.logMsg.entry.lid;
+      names->id = static_cast<log_id_t>(transp.logMsg.entry.lid);
       names->prio = *msg;
       list_init(&names->content);
       /*
@@ -483,19 +479,17 @@
     }
 
     /* Add content */
-    content =
-        calloc(1, sizeof(content->node) + hdr_size + transp.logMsg.entry.len);
+    content = static_cast<struct content*>(
+        calloc(1, sizeof(content->node) + hdr_size + transp.logMsg.entry.len));
     if (!content) {
       ret = -ENOMEM;
       break;
     }
-    memcpy(&content->entry, &transp.logMsg.entry,
-           hdr_size + transp.logMsg.entry.len);
+    memcpy(&content->entry, &transp.logMsg.entry, hdr_size + transp.logMsg.entry.len);
 
     /* Insert in sequence number sorted order, to ease reconstruction */
     list_for_each_reverse(node, &names->content) {
-      if ((node_to_item(node, struct content, node))->entry.nsec <
-          transp.logMsg.entry.nsec) {
+      if ((node_to_item(node, struct content, node))->entry.nsec < transp.logMsg.entry.nsec) {
         break;
       }
     }
@@ -528,7 +522,7 @@
       }
 
       if (!buf) {
-        buf = malloc(sizeof(char));
+        buf = static_cast<char*>(malloc(sizeof(char)));
         if (!buf) {
           ret = -ENOMEM;
           list_remove(content_node);
@@ -541,7 +535,7 @@
       /* Missing sequence numbers */
       while (sequence < content->entry.nsec) {
         /* plus space for enforced nul */
-        buf = realloc(buf, len + sizeof(char) + sizeof(char));
+        buf = static_cast<char*>(realloc_or_free(buf, len + sizeof(char) + sizeof(char)));
         if (!buf) {
           break;
         }
@@ -556,16 +550,14 @@
         continue;
       }
       /* plus space for enforced nul */
-      buf = realloc(buf, len + add_len + sizeof(char));
+      buf = static_cast<char*>(realloc_or_free(buf, len + add_len + sizeof(char)));
       if (!buf) {
         ret = -ENOMEM;
         list_remove(content_node);
         free(content);
         continue;
       }
-      memcpy(buf + len,
-             (char*)&content->entry + content->entry.hdr_size + tag_len +
-                 sizeof(prio),
+      memcpy(buf + len, (char*)&content->entry + content->entry.hdr_size + tag_len + sizeof(prio),
              add_len);
       len += add_len;
       buf[len] = '\0'; /* enforce trailing hidden nul */
diff --git a/liblog/pmsg_writer.c b/liblog/pmsg_writer.cpp
similarity index 88%
rename from liblog/pmsg_writer.c
rename to liblog/pmsg_writer.cpp
index dc42856..b2fc6d0 100644
--- a/liblog/pmsg_writer.c
+++ b/liblog/pmsg_writer.cpp
@@ -33,21 +33,21 @@
 #include "config_write.h"
 #include "log_portability.h"
 #include "logger.h"
+#include "uio.h"
 
 static int pmsgOpen();
 static void pmsgClose();
 static int pmsgAvailable(log_id_t logId);
-static int pmsgWrite(log_id_t logId, struct timespec* ts, struct iovec* vec,
-                     size_t nr);
+static int pmsgWrite(log_id_t logId, struct timespec* ts, struct iovec* vec, size_t nr);
 
 LIBLOG_HIDDEN struct android_log_transport_write pmsgLoggerWrite = {
-  .node = { &pmsgLoggerWrite.node, &pmsgLoggerWrite.node },
-  .context.fd = -1,
-  .name = "pmsg",
-  .available = pmsgAvailable,
-  .open = pmsgOpen,
-  .close = pmsgClose,
-  .write = pmsgWrite,
+    .node = {&pmsgLoggerWrite.node, &pmsgLoggerWrite.node},
+    .context.fd = -1,
+    .name = "pmsg",
+    .available = pmsgAvailable,
+    .open = pmsgOpen,
+    .close = pmsgClose,
+    .write = pmsgWrite,
 };
 
 static int pmsgOpen() {
@@ -76,8 +76,7 @@
   if (logId > LOG_ID_SECURITY) {
     return -EINVAL;
   }
-  if ((logId != LOG_ID_SECURITY) && (logId != LOG_ID_EVENTS) &&
-      !__android_log_is_debuggable()) {
+  if ((logId != LOG_ID_SECURITY) && (logId != LOG_ID_EVENTS) && !__android_log_is_debuggable()) {
     return -EINVAL;
   }
   if (atomic_load(&pmsgLoggerWrite.context.fd) < 0) {
@@ -96,8 +95,7 @@
   return src[0] | (src[1] << 8) | (src[2] << 16) | (src[3] << 24);
 }
 
-static int pmsgWrite(log_id_t logId, struct timespec* ts, struct iovec* vec,
-                     size_t nr) {
+static int pmsgWrite(log_id_t logId, struct timespec* ts, struct iovec* vec, size_t nr) {
   static const unsigned headerLength = 2;
   struct iovec newVec[nr + headerLength];
   android_log_header_t header;
@@ -110,7 +108,7 @@
       return -EINVAL;
     }
 
-    if (SNET_EVENT_LOG_TAG != get4LE(vec[0].iov_base)) {
+    if (SNET_EVENT_LOG_TAG != get4LE(static_cast<uint8_t*>(vec[0].iov_base))) {
       return -EPERM;
     }
   }
@@ -169,8 +167,7 @@
   }
   pmsgHeader.len += payloadSize;
 
-  ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
-      writev(atomic_load(&pmsgLoggerWrite.context.fd), newVec, i));
+  ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(writev(atomic_load(&pmsgLoggerWrite.context.fd), newVec, i));
   if (ret < 0) {
     ret = errno ? -errno : -ENOTCONN;
   }
@@ -203,10 +200,8 @@
 }
 
 /* Write a buffer as filename references (tag = <basedir>:<basename>) */
-LIBLOG_ABI_PRIVATE ssize_t __android_log_pmsg_file_write(log_id_t logId,
-                                                         char prio,
-                                                         const char* filename,
-                                                         const char* buf,
+LIBLOG_ABI_PRIVATE ssize_t __android_log_pmsg_file_write(log_id_t logId, char prio,
+                                                         const char* filename, const char* buf,
                                                          size_t len) {
   bool weOpened;
   size_t length, packet_len;
@@ -249,13 +244,11 @@
   vec[1].iov_len = length;
 
   weOpened = false;
-  for (ts.tv_nsec = 0, length = len; length;
-       ts.tv_nsec += ANDROID_LOG_PMSG_FILE_SEQUENCE) {
+  for (ts.tv_nsec = 0, length = len; length; ts.tv_nsec += ANDROID_LOG_PMSG_FILE_SEQUENCE) {
     ssize_t ret;
     size_t transfer;
 
-    if ((ts.tv_nsec / ANDROID_LOG_PMSG_FILE_SEQUENCE) >=
-        ANDROID_LOG_PMSG_FILE_MAX_SEQUENCE) {
+    if ((ts.tv_nsec / ANDROID_LOG_PMSG_FILE_SEQUENCE) >= ANDROID_LOG_PMSG_FILE_MAX_SEQUENCE) {
       len -= length;
       break;
     }
diff --git a/liblog/properties.c b/liblog/properties.cpp
similarity index 86%
rename from liblog/properties.c
rename to liblog/properties.cpp
index 11be827..764877e 100644
--- a/liblog/properties.c
+++ b/liblog/properties.cpp
@@ -14,9 +14,10 @@
 ** limitations under the License.
 */
 
+#include <log/log_properties.h>
+
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <pthread.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #define _REALLY_INCLUDE_SYS__SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_H_
@@ -160,11 +161,11 @@
       }
       if (!last_tag || !last_tag[0]) {
         if (!last_tag) {
-          last_tag = calloc(1, len + 1);
+          last_tag = static_cast<char*>(calloc(1, len + 1));
           last_tag_len = 0;
           if (last_tag) last_tag_len = len + 1;
         } else if (len >= last_tag_len) {
-          last_tag = realloc(last_tag, len + 1);
+          last_tag = static_cast<char*>(realloc(last_tag, len + 1));
           last_tag_len = 0;
           if (last_tag) last_tag_len = len + 1;
         }
@@ -258,22 +259,19 @@
     case 'A': return ANDROID_LOG_FATAL;
     case BOOLEAN_FALSE: /* FALLTHRU */ /* Not Officially supported */
     case 'S': return -1; /* ANDROID_LOG_SUPPRESS */
-    /* clang-format on */
+      /* clang-format on */
   }
   return default_prio;
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_is_loggable_len(int prio, const char* tag,
-                                                    size_t len,
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_is_loggable_len(int prio, const char* tag, size_t len,
                                                     int default_prio) {
   int logLevel = __android_log_level(tag, len, default_prio);
   return logLevel >= 0 && prio >= logLevel;
 }
 
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_is_loggable(int prio, const char* tag,
-                                                int default_prio) {
-  int logLevel =
-      __android_log_level(tag, (tag && *tag) ? strlen(tag) : 0, default_prio);
+LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_is_loggable(int prio, const char* tag, int default_prio) {
+  int logLevel = __android_log_level(tag, (tag && *tag) ? strlen(tag) : 0, default_prio);
   return logLevel >= 0 && prio >= logLevel;
 }
 
@@ -286,7 +284,7 @@
   if (tag_cache.c) { /* ro property does not change after set */
     ret = tag_cache.c == '1';
   } else if (lock()) {
-    struct cache_char temp_cache = { { NULL, -1 }, '\0' };
+    struct cache_char temp_cache = {{NULL, 0xFFFFFFFF}, '\0'};
     refresh_cache(&temp_cache, key);
     ret = temp_cache.c == '1';
   } else {
@@ -332,8 +330,7 @@
     return self->evaluate(self);
   }
 
-  change_detected = check_cache(&self->cache_persist.cache) ||
-                    check_cache(&self->cache_ro.cache);
+  change_detected = check_cache(&self->cache_persist.cache) || check_cache(&self->cache_ro.cache);
   current_serial = __system_property_area_serial();
   if (current_serial != self->serial) {
     change_detected = 1;
@@ -365,15 +362,12 @@
  * to handle developer requirements.
  */
 LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC clockid_t android_log_clockid() {
-  static struct cache2_char clockid = {
-    PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, 0,
-    "persist.logd.timestamp",  { { NULL, -1 }, '\0' },
-    "ro.logd.timestamp",       { { NULL, -1 }, '\0' },
-    evaluate_persist_ro
-  };
+  static struct cache2_char clockid = {PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, 0,
+                                       "persist.logd.timestamp",  {{NULL, 0xFFFFFFFF}, '\0'},
+                                       "ro.logd.timestamp",       {{NULL, 0xFFFFFFFF}, '\0'},
+                                       evaluate_persist_ro};
 
-  return (tolower(do_cache2_char(&clockid)) == 'm') ? CLOCK_MONOTONIC
-                                                    : CLOCK_REALTIME;
+  return (tolower(do_cache2_char(&clockid)) == 'm') ? CLOCK_MONOTONIC : CLOCK_REALTIME;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -388,11 +382,10 @@
 
 LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int __android_log_security() {
   static struct cache2_char security = {
-    PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, 0,
-    "persist.logd.security",   { { NULL, -1 }, BOOLEAN_FALSE },
-    "ro.device_owner",         { { NULL, -1 }, BOOLEAN_FALSE },
-    evaluate_security
-  };
+      PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, 0,
+      "persist.logd.security",   {{NULL, 0xFFFFFFFF}, BOOLEAN_FALSE},
+      "ro.device_owner",         {{NULL, 0xFFFFFFFF}, BOOLEAN_FALSE},
+      evaluate_security};
 
   return do_cache2_char(&security);
 }
@@ -423,8 +416,7 @@
   char property[PROP_VALUE_MAX];
 };
 
-static void refresh_cache_property(struct cache_property* cache,
-                                   const char* key) {
+static void refresh_cache_property(struct cache_property* cache, const char* key) {
   if (!cache->cache.pinfo) {
     cache->cache.pinfo = __system_property_find(key);
     if (!cache->cache.pinfo) {
@@ -436,19 +428,18 @@
 }
 
 /* get boolean with the logger twist that supports eng adjustments */
-LIBLOG_ABI_PRIVATE bool __android_logger_property_get_bool(const char* key,
-                                                           int flag) {
-  struct cache_property property = { { NULL, -1 }, { 0 } };
+LIBLOG_ABI_PRIVATE bool __android_logger_property_get_bool(const char* key, int flag) {
+  struct cache_property property = {{NULL, 0xFFFFFFFF}, {0}};
   if (flag & BOOL_DEFAULT_FLAG_PERSIST) {
     char newkey[strlen("persist.") + strlen(key) + 1];
     snprintf(newkey, sizeof(newkey), "ro.%s", key);
     refresh_cache_property(&property, newkey);
     property.cache.pinfo = NULL;
-    property.cache.serial = -1;
+    property.cache.serial = 0xFFFFFFFF;
     snprintf(newkey, sizeof(newkey), "persist.%s", key);
     refresh_cache_property(&property, newkey);
     property.cache.pinfo = NULL;
-    property.cache.serial = -1;
+    property.cache.serial = 0xFFFFFFFF;
   }
 
   refresh_cache_property(&property, key);
@@ -477,8 +468,7 @@
   }
 
   if ((flag & BOOL_DEFAULT_FLAG_SVELTE) &&
-      __android_logger_property_get_bool("ro.config.low_ram",
-                                         BOOL_DEFAULT_FALSE)) {
+      __android_logger_property_get_bool("ro.config.low_ram", BOOL_DEFAULT_FALSE)) {
     return false;
   }
   if ((flag & BOOL_DEFAULT_FLAG_ENG) && !__android_log_is_debuggable()) {
@@ -531,8 +521,7 @@
   unsigned long (*const evaluate)(const struct cache2_property_size* self);
 };
 
-static inline unsigned long do_cache2_property_size(
-    struct cache2_property_size* self) {
+static inline unsigned long do_cache2_property_size(struct cache2_property_size* self) {
   uint32_t current_serial;
   int change_detected;
   unsigned long v;
@@ -542,8 +531,7 @@
     return self->evaluate(self);
   }
 
-  change_detected = check_cache(&self->cache_persist.cache) ||
-                    check_cache(&self->cache_ro.cache);
+  change_detected = check_cache(&self->cache_persist.cache) || check_cache(&self->cache_ro.cache);
   current_serial = __system_property_area_serial();
   if (current_serial != self->serial) {
     change_detected = 1;
@@ -560,8 +548,7 @@
   return v;
 }
 
-static unsigned long property_get_size_from_cache(
-    const struct cache_property* cache) {
+static unsigned long property_get_size_from_cache(const struct cache_property* cache) {
   char* cp;
   unsigned long value = strtoul(cache->property, &cp, 10);
 
@@ -569,11 +556,11 @@
     case 'm':
     case 'M':
       value *= 1024;
-    /* FALLTHRU */
+      [[fallthrough]];
     case 'k':
     case 'K':
       value *= 1024;
-    /* FALLTHRU */
+      [[fallthrough]];
     case '\0':
       break;
 
@@ -588,8 +575,7 @@
   return value;
 }
 
-static unsigned long evaluate_property_get_size(
-    const struct cache2_property_size* self) {
+static unsigned long evaluate_property_get_size(const struct cache2_property_size* self) {
   unsigned long size = property_get_size_from_cache(&self->cache_persist);
   if (size) {
     return size;
@@ -601,37 +587,35 @@
   static const char global_tunable[] = "persist.logd.size"; /* Settings App */
   static const char global_default[] = "ro.logd.size";      /* BoardConfig.mk */
   static struct cache2_property_size global = {
-    /* clang-format off */
+      /* clang-format off */
     PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, 0,
-    global_tunable, { { NULL, -1 }, {} },
-    global_default, { { NULL, -1 }, {} },
+    global_tunable, { { NULL, 0xFFFFFFFF }, {} },
+    global_default, { { NULL, 0xFFFFFFFF }, {} },
     evaluate_property_get_size
-    /* clang-format on */
+      /* clang-format on */
   };
   char key_persist[strlen(global_tunable) + strlen(".security") + 1];
   char key_ro[strlen(global_default) + strlen(".security") + 1];
   struct cache2_property_size local = {
-    /* clang-format off */
+      /* clang-format off */
     PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, 0,
-    key_persist, { { NULL, -1 }, {} },
-    key_ro,      { { NULL, -1 }, {} },
+    key_persist, { { NULL, 0xFFFFFFFF }, {} },
+    key_ro,      { { NULL, 0xFFFFFFFF }, {} },
     evaluate_property_get_size
-    /* clang-format on */
+      /* clang-format on */
   };
   unsigned long property_size, default_size;
 
   default_size = do_cache2_property_size(&global);
   if (!default_size) {
-    default_size = __android_logger_property_get_bool("ro.config.low_ram",
-                                                      BOOL_DEFAULT_FALSE)
+    default_size = __android_logger_property_get_bool("ro.config.low_ram", BOOL_DEFAULT_FALSE)
                        ? LOG_BUFFER_MIN_SIZE /* 64K  */
                        : LOG_BUFFER_SIZE;    /* 256K */
   }
 
   snprintf(key_persist, sizeof(key_persist), "%s.%s", global_tunable,
            android_log_id_to_name(logId));
-  snprintf(key_ro, sizeof(key_ro), "%s.%s", global_default,
-           android_log_id_to_name(logId));
+  snprintf(key_ro, sizeof(key_ro), "%s.%s", global_default, android_log_id_to_name(logId));
   property_size = do_cache2_property_size(&local);
 
   if (!property_size) {
diff --git a/liblog/stderr_write.c b/liblog/stderr_write.cpp
similarity index 90%
rename from liblog/stderr_write.c
rename to liblog/stderr_write.cpp
index dbe5309..28195aa 100644
--- a/liblog/stderr_write.c
+++ b/liblog/stderr_write.cpp
@@ -37,16 +37,15 @@
 #include <log/event_tag_map.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <log/logprint.h>
-#include <log/uio.h>
 
 #include "log_portability.h"
 #include "logger.h"
+#include "uio.h"
 
 static int stderrOpen();
 static void stderrClose();
 static int stderrAvailable(log_id_t logId);
-static int stderrWrite(log_id_t logId, struct timespec* ts, struct iovec* vec,
-                       size_t nr);
+static int stderrWrite(log_id_t logId, struct timespec* ts, struct iovec* vec, size_t nr);
 
 struct stderrContext {
   AndroidLogFormat* logformat;
@@ -56,13 +55,13 @@
 };
 
 LIBLOG_HIDDEN struct android_log_transport_write stderrLoggerWrite = {
-  .node = { &stderrLoggerWrite.node, &stderrLoggerWrite.node },
-  .context.priv = NULL,
-  .name = "stderr",
-  .available = stderrAvailable,
-  .open = stderrOpen,
-  .close = stderrClose,
-  .write = stderrWrite,
+    .node = {&stderrLoggerWrite.node, &stderrLoggerWrite.node},
+    .context.priv = NULL,
+    .name = "stderr",
+    .available = stderrAvailable,
+    .open = stderrOpen,
+    .close = stderrClose,
+    .write = stderrWrite,
 };
 
 static int stderrOpen() {
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@
     return fileno(stderr);
   }
 
-  ctx = calloc(1, sizeof(struct stderrContext));
+  ctx = static_cast<stderrContext*>(calloc(1, sizeof(stderrContext)));
   if (!ctx) {
     return -ENOMEM;
   }
@@ -123,7 +122,7 @@
 }
 
 static void stderrClose() {
-  struct stderrContext* ctx = stderrLoggerWrite.context.priv;
+  stderrContext* ctx = static_cast<stderrContext*>(stderrLoggerWrite.context.priv);
 
   if (ctx) {
     stderrLoggerWrite.context.priv = NULL;
@@ -147,14 +146,13 @@
   return 1;
 }
 
-static int stderrWrite(log_id_t logId, struct timespec* ts, struct iovec* vec,
-                       size_t nr) {
+static int stderrWrite(log_id_t logId, struct timespec* ts, struct iovec* vec, size_t nr) {
   struct log_msg log_msg;
   AndroidLogEntry entry;
   char binaryMsgBuf[1024];
   int err;
   size_t i;
-  struct stderrContext* ctx = stderrLoggerWrite.context.priv;
+  stderrContext* ctx = static_cast<stderrContext*>(stderrLoggerWrite.context.priv);
 
   if (!ctx) return -EBADF;
   if (!vec || !nr) return -EINVAL;
diff --git a/liblog/tests/Android.bp b/liblog/tests/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ab2acb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/liblog/tests/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2014 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Benchmarks.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Build benchmarks for the device. Run with:
+//   adb shell liblog-benchmarks
+cc_benchmark {
+    name: "liblog-benchmarks",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-fno-builtin",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libm",
+        "libbase",
+    ],
+    static_libs: ["liblog"],
+    srcs: ["liblog_benchmark.cpp"],
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Unit tests.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "liblog-tests-defaults",
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-fstack-protector-all",
+        "-g",
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-fno-builtin",
+    ],
+    srcs: [
+        "libc_test.cpp",
+        "liblog_test_default.cpp",
+        "liblog_test_stderr.cpp",
+        "log_id_test.cpp",
+        "log_radio_test.cpp",
+        "log_read_test.cpp",
+        "log_system_test.cpp",
+        "log_time_test.cpp",
+        "log_wrap_test.cpp",
+    ],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libcutils",
+        "libbase",
+    ],
+    static_libs: ["liblog"],
+}
+
+// Build tests for the device (with .so). Run with:
+//   adb shell /data/nativetest/liblog-unit-tests/liblog-unit-tests
+cc_test {
+    name: "liblog-unit-tests",
+    defaults: ["liblog-tests-defaults"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "CtsLiblogTestCases",
+    defaults: ["liblog-tests-defaults"],
+    multilib: {
+        lib32: {
+            suffix: "32",
+        },
+        lib64: {
+            suffix: "64",
+        },
+    },
+
+    cflags: ["-DNO_PSTORE"],
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "vts",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/liblog/tests/Android.mk b/liblog/tests/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index cfa849b..0000000
--- a/liblog/tests/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2013-2014 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
-
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Benchmarks.
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-test_module_prefix := liblog-
-test_tags := tests
-
-benchmark_c_flags := \
-    -Wall \
-    -Wextra \
-    -Werror \
-    -fno-builtin \
-
-benchmark_src_files := \
-    liblog_benchmark.cpp
-
-# Build benchmarks for the device. Run with:
-#   adb shell liblog-benchmarks
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := $(test_module_prefix)benchmarks
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := $(test_tags)
-LOCAL_CFLAGS += $(benchmark_c_flags)
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += liblog libm libbase
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(benchmark_src_files)
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_BENCHMARK)
-
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Unit tests.
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-test_c_flags := \
-    -fstack-protector-all \
-    -g \
-    -Wall -Wextra \
-    -Werror \
-    -fno-builtin \
-
-cts_src_files := \
-    libc_test.cpp \
-    liblog_test_default.cpp \
-    liblog_test_local.cpp \
-    liblog_test_stderr.cpp \
-    liblog_test_stderr_local.cpp \
-    log_id_test.cpp \
-    log_radio_test.cpp \
-    log_read_test.cpp \
-    log_system_test.cpp \
-    log_time_test.cpp \
-    log_wrap_test.cpp
-
-test_src_files := \
-    $(cts_src_files) \
-
-# Build tests for the device (with .so). Run with:
-#   adb shell /data/nativetest/liblog-unit-tests/liblog-unit-tests
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := $(test_module_prefix)unit-tests
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := $(test_tags)
-LOCAL_CFLAGS += $(test_c_flags)
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := liblog libcutils libbase
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(test_src_files)
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
-
-cts_executable := CtsLiblogTestCases
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := $(cts_executable)
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-LOCAL_CFLAGS += $(test_c_flags) -DNO_PSTORE
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(cts_src_files)
-LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_DATA)/nativetest
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-LOCAL_MODULE_STEM_32 := $(LOCAL_MODULE)32
-LOCAL_MODULE_STEM_64 := $(LOCAL_MODULE)64
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := liblog libcutils libbase
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libgtest libgtest_main
-LOCAL_COMPATIBILITY_SUITE := cts vts
-LOCAL_CTS_TEST_PACKAGE := android.core.liblog
-include $(BUILD_CTS_EXECUTABLE)
-
-ifeq ($(HOST_OS)-$(HOST_ARCH),$(filter $(HOST_OS)-$(HOST_ARCH),linux-x86 linux-x86_64))
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := $(cts_executable)_list
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := $(test_c_flags) -DHOST
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := external/gtest/include
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(test_src_files)
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-LOCAL_MODULE_STEM_32 := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
-LOCAL_MODULE_STEM_64 := $(LOCAL_MODULE)64
-LOCAL_CXX_STL := libc++
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := liblog libcutils libbase
-LOCAL_ADDITIONAL_DEPENDENCIES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/Android.mk
-LOCAL_LDLIBS_linux := -lrt
-include $(BUILD_HOST_NATIVE_TEST)
-
-endif  # ifeq ($(HOST_OS)-$(HOST_ARCH),$(filter $(HOST_OS)-$(HOST_ARCH),linux-x86 linux-x86_64))
diff --git a/liblog/tests/liblog_benchmark.cpp b/liblog/tests/liblog_benchmark.cpp
index c2f3f83..c8ac321 100644
--- a/liblog/tests/liblog_benchmark.cpp
+++ b/liblog/tests/liblog_benchmark.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/syscall.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <unordered_set>
diff --git a/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp b/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp
index a8a9a12..83f0fa9 100644
--- a/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp
+++ b/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #ifdef __ANDROID__  // includes sys/properties.h which does not exist outside
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
@@ -51,22 +52,6 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#if (!defined(USING_LOGGER_DEFAULT) || !defined(USING_LOGGER_LOCAL) || \
-     !defined(USING_LOGGER_STDERR))
-#ifdef liblog  // a binary clue that we are overriding the test names
-// Does not support log reading blocking feature yet
-// Does not support LOG_ID_SECURITY (unless we set LOGGER_LOCAL | LOGGER_LOGD)
-// Assume some common aspects are tested by USING_LOGGER_DEFAULT:
-// Does not need to _retest_ pmsg functionality
-// Does not need to _retest_ property handling as it is a higher function
-// Does not need to _retest_ event mapping functionality
-// Does not need to _retest_ ratelimit
-// Does not need to _retest_ logprint
-#define USING_LOGGER_LOCAL
-#else
-#define USING_LOGGER_DEFAULT
-#endif
-#endif
 #ifdef USING_LOGGER_STDERR
 #define SUPPORTS_END_TO_END 0
 #else
@@ -130,7 +115,7 @@
 
 static bool isLogdwActive() {
   std::string logdwSignature =
-      popenToString("grep /dev/socket/logdw /proc/net/unix");
+      popenToString("grep -a /dev/socket/logdw /proc/net/unix");
   size_t beginning = logdwSignature.find(' ');
   if (beginning == std::string::npos) return true;
   beginning = logdwSignature.find(' ', beginning + 1);
@@ -144,7 +129,7 @@
   end = logdwSignature.find(' ', end + 1);
   if (end == std::string::npos) return true;
   std::string allLogdwEndpoints = popenToString(
-      "grep ' 00000002" + logdwSignature.substr(beginning, end - beginning) +
+      "grep -a ' 00000002" + logdwSignature.substr(beginning, end - beginning) +
       " ' /proc/net/unix | " +
       "sed -n 's/.* \\([0-9][0-9]*\\)$/ -> socket:[\\1]/p'");
   if (allLogdwEndpoints.length() == 0) return true;
@@ -174,7 +159,7 @@
 #endif
 
 TEST(liblog, __android_log_btwrite__android_logger_list_read) {
-#if (defined(__ANDROID__) || defined(USING_LOGGER_LOCAL))
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
 #ifdef TEST_PREFIX
   TEST_PREFIX
 #endif
@@ -268,7 +253,7 @@
 #endif
 }
 
-#if (defined(__ANDROID__) || defined(USING_LOGGER_LOCAL))
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
 static void print_transport(const char* prefix, int logger) {
   static const char orstr[] = " | ";
 
@@ -296,16 +281,11 @@
     fprintf(stderr, "%sLOGGER_NULL", prefix);
     prefix = orstr;
   }
-  if (logger & LOGGER_LOCAL) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "%sLOGGER_LOCAL", prefix);
-    prefix = orstr;
-  }
   if (logger & LOGGER_STDERR) {
     fprintf(stderr, "%sLOGGER_STDERR", prefix);
     prefix = orstr;
   }
-  logger &= ~(LOGGER_LOGD | LOGGER_KERNEL | LOGGER_NULL | LOGGER_LOCAL |
-              LOGGER_STDERR);
+  logger &= ~(LOGGER_LOGD | LOGGER_KERNEL | LOGGER_NULL | LOGGER_STDERR);
   if (logger) {
     fprintf(stderr, "%s0x%x", prefix, logger);
     prefix = orstr;
@@ -320,7 +300,7 @@
 // and behind us, to make us whole.  We could incorporate a prefix and
 // suffix test to make this standalone, but opted to not complicate this.
 TEST(liblog, android_set_log_transport) {
-#if (defined(__ANDROID__) || defined(USING_LOGGER_LOCAL))
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
 #ifdef TEST_PREFIX
   TEST_PREFIX
 #endif
@@ -631,7 +611,7 @@
   buf_write_test("\n Hello World \n");
 }
 
-#ifndef USING_LOGGER_LOCAL  // requires blocking reader functionality
+#ifdef USING_LOGGER_DEFAULT  // requires blocking reader functionality
 #ifdef TEST_PREFIX
 static unsigned signaled;
 static log_time signal_time;
@@ -943,7 +923,7 @@
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
 #endif
 }
-#endif  // !USING_LOGGER_LOCAL
+#endif  // USING_LOGGER_DEFAULT
 
 #ifdef TEST_PREFIX
 static const char max_payload_tag[] = "TEST_max_payload_and_longish_tag_XXXX";
@@ -2416,7 +2396,7 @@
 }
 
 // Do not retest logger list handling
-#if (defined(TEST_PREFIX) || !defined(USING_LOGGER_LOCAL))
+#ifdef TEST_PREFIX
 static int is_real_element(int type) {
   return ((type == EVENT_TYPE_INT) || (type == EVENT_TYPE_LONG) ||
           (type == EVENT_TYPE_STRING) || (type == EVENT_TYPE_FLOAT));
@@ -2516,7 +2496,7 @@
 #endif
         elem.data.string = const_cast<char*>("<unknown>");
         elem.len = strlen(elem.data.string);
-      /* FALLTHRU */
+        FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
       case EVENT_TYPE_STRING:
         if (elem.len <= strOutLen) {
           memcpy(strOut, elem.data.string, elem.len);
@@ -2571,7 +2551,7 @@
 
   return 0;
 }
-#endif  // TEST_PREFIX || !USING_LOGGER_LOCAL
+#endif  // TEST_PREFIX
 
 #ifdef TEST_PREFIX
 static const char* event_test_int32(uint32_t tag, size_t& expected_len) {
@@ -3180,41 +3160,6 @@
 }
 #endif  // USING_LOGGER_DEFAULT
 
-#ifdef USING_LOGGER_DEFAULT  // Do not retest ratelimit
-TEST(liblog, __android_log_ratelimit) {
-  time_t state = 0;
-
-  errno = 42;
-  // Prime
-  __android_log_ratelimit(3, &state);
-  EXPECT_EQ(errno, 42);
-  // Check
-  EXPECT_FALSE(__android_log_ratelimit(3, &state));
-  sleep(1);
-  EXPECT_FALSE(__android_log_ratelimit(3, &state));
-  sleep(4);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(__android_log_ratelimit(3, &state));
-  sleep(5);
-  EXPECT_TRUE(__android_log_ratelimit(3, &state));
-
-  // API checks
-  IF_ALOG_RATELIMIT_LOCAL(3, &state) {
-    EXPECT_FALSE(0 != "IF_ALOG_RATELIMIT_LOCAL(3, &state)");
-  }
-
-  IF_ALOG_RATELIMIT() {
-    ;
-  }
-  else {
-    EXPECT_TRUE(0 == "IF_ALOG_RATELIMIT()");
-  }
-  IF_ALOG_RATELIMIT() {
-    EXPECT_FALSE(0 != "IF_ALOG_RATELIMIT()");
-  }
-  // Do not test default seconds, to allow liblog to tune freely
-}
-#endif  // USING_LOGGER_DEFAULT
-
 #ifdef USING_LOGGER_DEFAULT  // Do not retest event mapping functionality
 TEST(liblog, android_lookupEventTagNum) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
diff --git a/liblog/tests/liblog_test_local.cpp b/liblog/tests/liblog_test_local.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 451beca..0000000
--- a/liblog/tests/liblog_test_local.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-#include <log/log_transport.h>
-#define liblog liblog_local
-#define TEST_LOGGER LOGGER_LOCAL
-#include "liblog_test.cpp"
diff --git a/liblog/tests/liblog_test_stderr_local.cpp b/liblog/tests/liblog_test_stderr_local.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index bb5c7ae..0000000
--- a/liblog/tests/liblog_test_stderr_local.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-#include <log/log_transport.h>
-#define liblog liblog_stderr_local
-#define TEST_LOGGER (LOGGER_LOCAL | LOGGER_STDERR)
-#include "liblog_test.cpp"
diff --git a/liblog/tests/log_time_test.cpp b/liblog/tests/log_time_test.cpp
index 0ae1d18..47fe594 100644
--- a/liblog/tests/log_time_test.cpp
+++ b/liblog/tests/log_time_test.cpp
@@ -21,12 +21,6 @@
 #include <log/log_time.h>
 
 TEST(liblog, log_time) {
-#ifdef _SYSTEM_CORE_INCLUDE_PRIVATE_ANDROID_LOGGER_H_
-  log_time(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(log_time, log_time::EPOCH);
-#endif
-
   struct timespec ts;
   clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
   log_time tl(ts);
diff --git a/liblog/uio.c b/liblog/uio.c
deleted file mode 100644
index e127202..0000000
--- a/liblog/uio.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2007-2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <log/uio.h>
-
-#include "log_portability.h"
-
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int readv(int fd, struct iovec* vecs, int count) {
-  int total = 0;
-
-  for (; count > 0; count--, vecs++) {
-    char* buf = vecs->iov_base;
-    int len = vecs->iov_len;
-
-    while (len > 0) {
-      int ret = read(fd, buf, len);
-      if (ret < 0) {
-        if (total == 0) total = -1;
-        goto Exit;
-      }
-      if (ret == 0) goto Exit;
-
-      total += ret;
-      buf += ret;
-      len -= ret;
-    }
-  }
-Exit:
-  return total;
-}
-
-LIBLOG_ABI_PUBLIC int writev(int fd, const struct iovec* vecs, int count) {
-  int total = 0;
-
-  for (; count > 0; count--, vecs++) {
-    const char* buf = vecs->iov_base;
-    int len = vecs->iov_len;
-
-    while (len > 0) {
-      int ret = write(fd, buf, len);
-      if (ret < 0) {
-        if (total == 0) total = -1;
-        goto Exit;
-      }
-      if (ret == 0) goto Exit;
-
-      total += ret;
-      buf += ret;
-      len -= ret;
-    }
-  }
-Exit:
-  return total;
-}
-
-#endif
diff --git a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h b/liblog/uio.h
similarity index 73%
copy from libbacktrace/GetPss.h
copy to liblog/uio.h
index 787c33d..c85893c 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h
+++ b/liblog/uio.h
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,9 +14,14 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
-#define _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+#pragma once
 
-size_t GetPssBytes();
-
-#endif // _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#include <stddef.h>
+struct iovec {
+  void* iov_base;
+  size_t iov_len;
+};
+#else
+#include <sys/uio.h>
+#endif
diff --git a/libmeminfo/.clang-format b/libmeminfo/.clang-format
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..1af4f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../.clang-format-4
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libmeminfo/Android.bp b/libmeminfo/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e191ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "libmeminfo_defaults",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "liblog",
+        "libprocinfo",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libmeminfo",
+    defaults: ["libmeminfo_defaults"],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: ["libbase"],
+    srcs: [
+        "pageacct.cpp",
+        "procmeminfo.cpp",
+        "sysmeminfo.cpp",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "libmeminfo_test",
+    defaults: ["libmeminfo_defaults"],
+
+    static_libs: [
+        "libmeminfo",
+        "libpagemap",
+        "libbase",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "libmeminfo_test.cpp"
+    ],
+
+    data: [
+        "testdata1/*",
+        "testdata2/*"
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_benchmark {
+    name: "libmeminfo_benchmark",
+    srcs: [
+        "libmeminfo_benchmark.cpp",
+    ],
+    static_libs : [
+        "libbase",
+        "liblog",
+        "libmeminfo",
+        "libprocinfo",
+    ],
+
+    data: [
+        "testdata1/*",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libmeminfo/OWNERS b/libmeminfo/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26e71fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+sspatil@google.com
diff --git a/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/meminfo.h b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/meminfo.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fc7867
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/meminfo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace meminfo {
+
+struct MemUsage {
+    uint64_t vss;
+    uint64_t rss;
+    uint64_t pss;
+    uint64_t uss;
+
+    uint64_t swap;
+    uint64_t swap_pss;
+
+    uint64_t private_clean;
+    uint64_t private_dirty;
+    uint64_t shared_clean;
+    uint64_t shared_dirty;
+
+    MemUsage()
+        : vss(0),
+          rss(0),
+          pss(0),
+          uss(0),
+          swap(0),
+          swap_pss(0),
+          private_clean(0),
+          private_dirty(0),
+          shared_clean(0),
+          shared_dirty(0) {}
+
+    ~MemUsage() = default;
+
+    void clear() {
+        vss = rss = pss = uss = swap = swap_pss = 0;
+        private_clean = private_dirty = shared_clean = shared_dirty = 0;
+    }
+};
+
+struct Vma {
+    uint64_t start;
+    uint64_t end;
+    uint64_t offset;
+    uint16_t flags;
+    std::string name;
+
+    Vma() : start(0), end(0), offset(0), flags(0), name("") {}
+    Vma(uint64_t s, uint64_t e, uint64_t off, uint16_t f, const char* n)
+        : start(s), end(e), offset(off), flags(f), name(n) {}
+    ~Vma() = default;
+
+    void clear() { memset(&usage, 0, sizeof(usage)); }
+
+    // Memory usage of this mapping.
+    MemUsage usage;
+};
+
+}  // namespace meminfo
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/pageacct.h b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/pageacct.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8483d84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/pageacct.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace meminfo {
+
+class PageAcct final {
+    // Class for per-page accounting by using kernel provided interfaces like
+    // kpagecount, kpageflags etc.
+  public:
+    static bool KernelHasPageIdle() {
+        return (access("/sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap", R_OK | W_OK) == 0);
+    }
+
+    bool InitPageAcct(bool pageidle_enable = false);
+    bool PageFlags(uint64_t pfn, uint64_t* flags);
+    bool PageMapCount(uint64_t pfn, uint64_t* mapcount);
+
+    int IsPageIdle(uint64_t pfn);
+
+    // The only way to create PageAcct object
+    static PageAcct& Instance() {
+        static PageAcct instance;
+        return instance;
+    }
+
+    ~PageAcct() = default;
+
+  private:
+    PageAcct() : kpagecount_fd_(-1), kpageflags_fd_(-1), pageidle_fd_(-1) {}
+    int MarkPageIdle(uint64_t pfn) const;
+    int GetPageIdle(uint64_t pfn) const;
+
+    // Non-copyable & Non-movable
+    PageAcct(const PageAcct&) = delete;
+    PageAcct& operator=(const PageAcct&) = delete;
+    PageAcct& operator=(PageAcct&&) = delete;
+    PageAcct(PageAcct&&) = delete;
+
+    ::android::base::unique_fd kpagecount_fd_;
+    ::android::base::unique_fd kpageflags_fd_;
+    ::android::base::unique_fd pageidle_fd_;
+};
+
+// Returns if the page present bit is set in the value
+// passed in.
+bool page_present(uint64_t pagemap_val);
+
+// Returns if the page swapped bit is set in the value
+// passed in.
+bool page_swapped(uint64_t pagemap_val);
+
+// Returns the page frame number (physical page) from
+// pagemap value
+uint64_t page_pfn(uint64_t pagemap_val);
+
+}  // namespace meminfo
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/procmeminfo.h b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/procmeminfo.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95e5053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/procmeminfo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "meminfo.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace meminfo {
+
+using VmaCallback = std::function<void(const Vma&)>;
+
+class ProcMemInfo final {
+    // Per-process memory accounting
+  public:
+    // Reset the working set accounting of the process via /proc/<pid>/clear_refs
+    static bool ResetWorkingSet(pid_t pid);
+
+    ProcMemInfo(pid_t pid, bool get_wss = false, uint64_t pgflags = 0, uint64_t pgflags_mask = 0);
+
+    const std::vector<Vma>& Maps();
+    const MemUsage& Usage();
+    const MemUsage& Wss();
+
+    // Collect all 'vma' or 'maps' from /proc/<pid>/smaps and store them in 'maps_'. Returns a
+    // constant reference to the vma vector after the collection is done.
+    //
+    // Each 'struct Vma' is *fully* populated by this method (unlike SmapsOrRollup).
+    const std::vector<Vma>& Smaps(const std::string& path = "");
+
+    // This method reads /proc/<pid>/smaps and calls the callback() for each
+    // vma or map that it finds. The map is converted to 'struct Vma' object which is then
+    // passed to the callback.
+    // Returns 'false' if the file is malformed.
+    bool ForEachVma(const VmaCallback& callback);
+
+    // Used to parse either of /proc/<pid>/{smaps, smaps_rollup} and record the process's
+    // Pss and Private memory usage in 'stats'.  In particular, the method only populates the fields
+    // of the MemUsage structure that are intended to be used by Android's periodic Pss collection.
+    //
+    // The method populates the following statistics in order to be fast an efficient.
+    //   Pss
+    //   Rss
+    //   Uss
+    //   private_clean
+    //   private_dirty
+    //   SwapPss
+    // All other fields of MemUsage are zeroed.
+    bool SmapsOrRollup(MemUsage* stats) const;
+
+    // Used to parse either of /proc/<pid>/{smaps, smaps_rollup} and record the process's
+    // Pss.
+    // Returns 'true' on success and the value of Pss in the out parameter.
+    bool SmapsOrRollupPss(uint64_t* pss) const;
+
+    const std::vector<uint16_t>& SwapOffsets();
+
+    // Reads /proc/<pid>/pagemap for this process for each page within
+    // the 'vma' and stores that in 'pagemap'. It is assumed that the 'vma'
+    // is obtained by calling Maps() or 'ForEachVma' for the same object. No special checks
+    // are made to see if 'vma' is *valid*.
+    // Returns false if anything goes wrong, 'true' otherwise.
+    bool PageMap(const Vma& vma, std::vector<uint64_t>* pagemap);
+
+    ~ProcMemInfo() = default;
+
+  private:
+    bool ReadMaps(bool get_wss);
+    bool ReadVmaStats(int pagemap_fd, Vma& vma, bool get_wss);
+
+    pid_t pid_;
+    bool get_wss_;
+    uint64_t pgflags_;
+    uint64_t pgflags_mask_;
+
+    std::vector<Vma> maps_;
+
+    MemUsage usage_;
+    std::vector<uint16_t> swap_offsets_;
+};
+
+// Makes callback for each 'vma' or 'map' found in file provided. The file is expected to be in the
+// same format as /proc/<pid>/smaps. Returns 'false' if the file is malformed.
+bool ForEachVmaFromFile(const std::string& path, const VmaCallback& callback);
+
+// Returns if the kernel supports /proc/<pid>/smaps_rollup. Assumes that the
+// calling process has access to the /proc/<pid>/smaps_rollup.
+// Returns 'false' if the calling process has no permission to read the file if it exists
+// of if the file doesn't exist.
+bool IsSmapsRollupSupported(pid_t pid);
+
+// Same as ProcMemInfo::SmapsOrRollup but reads the statistics directly
+// from a file. The file MUST be in the same format as /proc/<pid>/smaps
+// or /proc/<pid>/smaps_rollup
+bool SmapsOrRollupFromFile(const std::string& path, MemUsage* stats);
+
+// Same as ProcMemInfo::SmapsOrRollupPss but reads the statistics directly
+// from a file and returns total Pss in kB. The file MUST be in the same format
+// as /proc/<pid>/smaps or /proc/<pid>/smaps_rollup
+bool SmapsOrRollupPssFromFile(const std::string& path, uint64_t* pss);
+
+}  // namespace meminfo
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/sysmeminfo.h b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/sysmeminfo.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..450a469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/sysmeminfo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace meminfo {
+
+class SysMemInfo final {
+    // System or Global memory accounting
+  public:
+    static constexpr const char* kMemTotal = "MemTotal:";
+    static constexpr const char* kMemFree = "MemFree:";
+    static constexpr const char* kMemBuffers = "Buffers:";
+    static constexpr const char* kMemCached = "Cached:";
+    static constexpr const char* kMemShmem = "Shmem:";
+    static constexpr const char* kMemSlab = "Slab:";
+    static constexpr const char* kMemSReclaim = "SReclaimable:";
+    static constexpr const char* kMemSUnreclaim = "SUnreclaim:";
+    static constexpr const char* kMemSwapTotal = "SwapTotal:";
+    static constexpr const char* kMemSwapFree = "SwapFree:";
+    static constexpr const char* kMemMapped = "Mapped:";
+    static constexpr const char* kMemVmallocUsed = "VmallocUsed:";
+    static constexpr const char* kMemPageTables = "PageTables:";
+    static constexpr const char* kMemKernelStack = "KernelStack:";
+
+    static const std::vector<std::string> kDefaultSysMemInfoTags;
+
+    SysMemInfo() = default;
+
+    // Parse /proc/meminfo and read values that are needed
+    bool ReadMemInfo(const std::string& path = "/proc/meminfo");
+    bool ReadMemInfo(const std::vector<std::string>& tags, std::vector<uint64_t>* out,
+                     const std::string& path = "/proc/meminfo");
+    bool ReadMemInfo(std::vector<uint64_t>* out, const std::string& path = "/proc/meminfo");
+
+    // Parse /proc/vmallocinfo and return total physical memory mapped
+    // in vmalloc area by the kernel.
+    // Note that this deliberately ignores binder buffers. They are _always_
+    // mapped in a process and are counted for in each process.
+    uint64_t ReadVmallocInfo(const std::string& path = "/proc/vmallocinfo");
+
+    // getters
+    uint64_t mem_total_kb() { return mem_in_kb_[kMemTotal]; }
+    uint64_t mem_free_kb() { return mem_in_kb_[kMemFree]; }
+    uint64_t mem_buffers_kb() { return mem_in_kb_[kMemBuffers]; }
+    uint64_t mem_cached_kb() { return mem_in_kb_[kMemCached]; }
+    uint64_t mem_shmem_kb() { return mem_in_kb_[kMemShmem]; }
+    uint64_t mem_slab_kb() { return mem_in_kb_[kMemSlab]; }
+    uint64_t mem_slab_reclaimable_kb() { return mem_in_kb_[kMemSReclaim]; }
+    uint64_t mem_slab_unreclaimable_kb() { return mem_in_kb_[kMemSUnreclaim]; }
+    uint64_t mem_swap_kb() { return mem_in_kb_[kMemSwapTotal]; }
+    uint64_t mem_swap_free_kb() { return mem_in_kb_[kMemSwapFree]; }
+    uint64_t mem_mapped_kb() { return mem_in_kb_[kMemMapped]; }
+    uint64_t mem_vmalloc_used_kb() { return mem_in_kb_[kMemVmallocUsed]; }
+    uint64_t mem_page_tables_kb() { return mem_in_kb_[kMemPageTables]; }
+    uint64_t mem_kernel_stack_kb() { return mem_in_kb_[kMemKernelStack]; }
+    uint64_t mem_zram_kb(const std::string& zram_dev = "");
+
+  private:
+    std::map<std::string, uint64_t> mem_in_kb_;
+    bool MemZramDevice(const std::string& zram_dev, uint64_t* mem_zram_dev);
+    bool ReadMemInfo(const std::vector<std::string>& tags, const std::string& path,
+                     std::function<void(const std::string&, uint64_t)> store_val);
+};
+
+}  // namespace meminfo
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libmeminfo/libmeminfo_benchmark.cpp b/libmeminfo/libmeminfo_benchmark.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81fc3b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/libmeminfo_benchmark.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <meminfo/procmeminfo.h>
+#include <meminfo/sysmeminfo.h>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+using ::android::meminfo::MemUsage;
+using ::android::meminfo::ProcMemInfo;
+using ::android::meminfo::SmapsOrRollupFromFile;
+using ::android::meminfo::SysMemInfo;
+
+enum {
+    MEMINFO_TOTAL,
+    MEMINFO_FREE,
+    MEMINFO_BUFFERS,
+    MEMINFO_CACHED,
+    MEMINFO_SHMEM,
+    MEMINFO_SLAB,
+    MEMINFO_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE,
+    MEMINFO_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE,
+    MEMINFO_SWAP_TOTAL,
+    MEMINFO_SWAP_FREE,
+    MEMINFO_ZRAM_TOTAL,
+    MEMINFO_MAPPED,
+    MEMINFO_VMALLOC_USED,
+    MEMINFO_PAGE_TABLES,
+    MEMINFO_KERNEL_STACK,
+    MEMINFO_COUNT
+};
+
+static void get_mem_info(uint64_t mem[], const char* file) {
+    char buffer[4096];
+    unsigned int numFound = 0;
+
+    int fd = open(file, O_RDONLY);
+
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        printf("Unable to open %s: %s\n", file, strerror(errno));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int len = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
+    close(fd);
+
+    if (len < 0) {
+        printf("Empty %s\n", file);
+        return;
+    }
+    buffer[len] = 0;
+
+    static const char* const tags[] = {
+            "MemTotal:",     "MemFree:",    "Buffers:",     "Cached:",   "Shmem:", "Slab:",
+            "SReclaimable:", "SUnreclaim:", "SwapTotal:",   "SwapFree:", "ZRam:",  "Mapped:",
+            "VmallocUsed:",  "PageTables:", "KernelStack:", NULL};
+
+    static const int tagsLen[] = {9, 8, 8, 7, 6, 5, 13, 11, 10, 9, 5, 7, 12, 11, 12, 0};
+
+    memset(mem, 0, sizeof(uint64_t) * 15);
+    char* p = buffer;
+    while (*p && (numFound < (sizeof(tagsLen) / sizeof(tagsLen[0])))) {
+        int i = 0;
+        while (tags[i]) {
+            // std::cout << "tag =" << tags[i] << " p = " << std::string(p, tagsLen[i]) <<
+            // std::endl;
+            if (strncmp(p, tags[i], tagsLen[i]) == 0) {
+                p += tagsLen[i];
+                while (*p == ' ') p++;
+                char* num = p;
+                while (*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') p++;
+                if (*p != 0) {
+                    *p = 0;
+                    p++;
+                }
+                mem[i] = atoll(num);
+                numFound++;
+                break;
+            }
+            i++;
+        }
+        while (*p && *p != '\n') {
+            p++;
+        }
+        if (*p) p++;
+    }
+}
+
+static void BM_ReadMemInfo_old(benchmark::State& state) {
+    std::string meminfo = R"meminfo(MemTotal:        3019740 kB
+MemFree:         1809728 kB
+MemAvailable:    2546560 kB
+Buffers:           54736 kB
+Cached:           776052 kB
+SwapCached:            0 kB
+Active:           445856 kB
+Inactive:         459092 kB
+Active(anon):      78492 kB
+Inactive(anon):     2240 kB
+Active(file):     367364 kB
+Inactive(file):   456852 kB
+Unevictable:        3096 kB
+Mlocked:            3096 kB
+SwapTotal:             0 kB
+SwapFree:              0 kB
+Dirty:                32 kB
+Writeback:             0 kB
+AnonPages:         74988 kB
+Mapped:            62624 kB
+Shmem:              4020 kB
+Slab:              86464 kB
+SReclaimable:      44432 kB
+SUnreclaim:        42032 kB
+KernelStack:        4880 kB
+PageTables:         2900 kB
+NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
+Bounce:                0 kB
+WritebackTmp:          0 kB
+CommitLimit:     1509868 kB
+Committed_AS:      80296 kB
+VmallocTotal:   263061440 kB
+VmallocUsed:           0 kB
+VmallocChunk:          0 kB
+AnonHugePages:      6144 kB
+ShmemHugePages:        0 kB
+ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB
+CmaTotal:         131072 kB
+CmaFree:          130380 kB
+HugePages_Total:       0
+HugePages_Free:        0
+HugePages_Rsvd:        0
+HugePages_Surp:        0
+Hugepagesize:       2048 kB)meminfo";
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ::android::base::WriteStringToFd(meminfo, tf.fd);
+
+    uint64_t mem[MEMINFO_COUNT];
+    for (auto _ : state) {
+        get_mem_info(mem, tf.path);
+    }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_ReadMemInfo_old);
+
+static void BM_ReadMemInfo_new(benchmark::State& state) {
+    std::string meminfo = R"meminfo(MemTotal:        3019740 kB
+MemFree:         1809728 kB
+MemAvailable:    2546560 kB
+Buffers:           54736 kB
+Cached:           776052 kB
+SwapCached:            0 kB
+Active:           445856 kB
+Inactive:         459092 kB
+Active(anon):      78492 kB
+Inactive(anon):     2240 kB
+Active(file):     367364 kB
+Inactive(file):   456852 kB
+Unevictable:        3096 kB
+Mlocked:            3096 kB
+SwapTotal:             0 kB
+SwapFree:              0 kB
+Dirty:                32 kB
+Writeback:             0 kB
+AnonPages:         74988 kB
+Mapped:            62624 kB
+Shmem:              4020 kB
+Slab:              86464 kB
+SReclaimable:      44432 kB
+SUnreclaim:        42032 kB
+KernelStack:        4880 kB
+PageTables:         2900 kB
+NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
+Bounce:                0 kB
+WritebackTmp:          0 kB
+CommitLimit:     1509868 kB
+Committed_AS:      80296 kB
+VmallocTotal:   263061440 kB
+VmallocUsed:           0 kB
+VmallocChunk:          0 kB
+AnonHugePages:      6144 kB
+ShmemHugePages:        0 kB
+ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB
+CmaTotal:         131072 kB
+CmaFree:          130380 kB
+HugePages_Total:       0
+HugePages_Free:        0
+HugePages_Rsvd:        0
+HugePages_Surp:        0
+Hugepagesize:       2048 kB)meminfo";
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    android::base::WriteStringToFd(meminfo, tf.fd);
+
+    std::string file = std::string(tf.path);
+    std::vector<uint64_t> mem(MEMINFO_COUNT);
+    const std::vector<std::string> tags = {
+            SysMemInfo::kMemTotal,      SysMemInfo::kMemFree,        SysMemInfo::kMemBuffers,
+            SysMemInfo::kMemCached,     SysMemInfo::kMemShmem,       SysMemInfo::kMemSlab,
+            SysMemInfo::kMemSReclaim,   SysMemInfo::kMemSUnreclaim,  SysMemInfo::kMemSwapTotal,
+            SysMemInfo::kMemSwapFree,   SysMemInfo::kMemMapped,      SysMemInfo::kMemVmallocUsed,
+            SysMemInfo::kMemPageTables, SysMemInfo::kMemKernelStack,
+    };
+
+    SysMemInfo smi;
+    for (auto _ : state) {
+        smi.ReadMemInfo(tags, &mem, file);
+    }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_ReadMemInfo_new);
+
+static uint64_t get_zram_mem_used(const std::string& zram_dir) {
+    FILE* f = fopen((zram_dir + "mm_stat").c_str(), "r");
+    if (f) {
+        uint64_t mem_used_total = 0;
+
+        int matched = fscanf(f, "%*d %*d %" SCNu64 " %*d %*d %*d %*d", &mem_used_total);
+        if (matched != 1)
+            fprintf(stderr, "warning: failed to parse %s\n", (zram_dir + "mm_stat").c_str());
+
+        fclose(f);
+        return mem_used_total;
+    }
+
+    f = fopen((zram_dir + "mem_used_total").c_str(), "r");
+    if (f) {
+        uint64_t mem_used_total = 0;
+
+        int matched = fscanf(f, "%" SCNu64, &mem_used_total);
+        if (matched != 1)
+            fprintf(stderr, "warning: failed to parse %s\n", (zram_dir + "mem_used_total").c_str());
+
+        fclose(f);
+        return mem_used_total;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void BM_ZramTotal_old(benchmark::State& state) {
+    std::string exec_dir = ::android::base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+    std::string zram_mmstat_dir = exec_dir + "/testdata1/";
+    for (auto _ : state) {
+        uint64_t zram_total __attribute__((unused)) = get_zram_mem_used(zram_mmstat_dir) / 1024;
+    }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_ZramTotal_old);
+
+static void BM_ZramTotal_new(benchmark::State& state) {
+    std::string exec_dir = ::android::base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+    std::string zram_mmstat_dir = exec_dir + "/testdata1/";
+    SysMemInfo smi;
+    for (auto _ : state) {
+        uint64_t zram_total __attribute__((unused)) = smi.mem_zram_kb(zram_mmstat_dir);
+    }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_ZramTotal_new);
+
+static void BM_MemInfoWithZram_old(benchmark::State& state) {
+    std::string meminfo = R"meminfo(MemTotal:        3019740 kB
+MemFree:         1809728 kB
+MemAvailable:    2546560 kB
+Buffers:           54736 kB
+Cached:           776052 kB
+SwapCached:            0 kB
+Active:           445856 kB
+Inactive:         459092 kB
+Active(anon):      78492 kB
+Inactive(anon):     2240 kB
+Active(file):     367364 kB
+Inactive(file):   456852 kB
+Unevictable:        3096 kB
+Mlocked:            3096 kB
+SwapTotal:             0 kB
+SwapFree:              0 kB
+Dirty:                32 kB
+Writeback:             0 kB
+AnonPages:         74988 kB
+Mapped:            62624 kB
+Shmem:              4020 kB
+Slab:              86464 kB
+SReclaimable:      44432 kB
+SUnreclaim:        42032 kB
+KernelStack:        4880 kB
+PageTables:         2900 kB
+NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
+Bounce:                0 kB
+WritebackTmp:          0 kB
+CommitLimit:     1509868 kB
+Committed_AS:      80296 kB
+VmallocTotal:   263061440 kB
+VmallocUsed:           0 kB
+VmallocChunk:          0 kB
+AnonHugePages:      6144 kB
+ShmemHugePages:        0 kB
+ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB
+CmaTotal:         131072 kB
+CmaFree:          130380 kB
+HugePages_Total:       0
+HugePages_Free:        0
+HugePages_Rsvd:        0
+HugePages_Surp:        0
+Hugepagesize:       2048 kB)meminfo";
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ::android::base::WriteStringToFd(meminfo, tf.fd);
+    std::string exec_dir = ::android::base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+    std::string zram_mmstat_dir = exec_dir + "/testdata1/";
+    uint64_t mem[MEMINFO_COUNT];
+    for (auto _ : state) {
+        get_mem_info(mem, tf.path);
+        mem[MEMINFO_ZRAM_TOTAL] = get_zram_mem_used("/sys/block/zram0/") / 1024;
+        CHECK_EQ(mem[MEMINFO_KERNEL_STACK], 4880u);
+    }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_MemInfoWithZram_old);
+
+static void BM_MemInfoWithZram_new(benchmark::State& state) {
+    std::string meminfo = R"meminfo(MemTotal:        3019740 kB
+MemFree:         1809728 kB
+MemAvailable:    2546560 kB
+Buffers:           54736 kB
+Cached:           776052 kB
+SwapCached:            0 kB
+Active:           445856 kB
+Inactive:         459092 kB
+Active(anon):      78492 kB
+Inactive(anon):     2240 kB
+Active(file):     367364 kB
+Inactive(file):   456852 kB
+Unevictable:        3096 kB
+Mlocked:            3096 kB
+SwapTotal:             0 kB
+SwapFree:              0 kB
+Dirty:                32 kB
+Writeback:             0 kB
+AnonPages:         74988 kB
+Mapped:            62624 kB
+Shmem:              4020 kB
+Slab:              86464 kB
+SReclaimable:      44432 kB
+SUnreclaim:        42032 kB
+KernelStack:        4880 kB
+PageTables:         2900 kB
+NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
+Bounce:                0 kB
+WritebackTmp:          0 kB
+CommitLimit:     1509868 kB
+Committed_AS:      80296 kB
+VmallocTotal:   263061440 kB
+VmallocUsed:           0 kB
+VmallocChunk:          0 kB
+AnonHugePages:      6144 kB
+ShmemHugePages:        0 kB
+ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB
+CmaTotal:         131072 kB
+CmaFree:          130380 kB
+HugePages_Total:       0
+HugePages_Free:        0
+HugePages_Rsvd:        0
+HugePages_Surp:        0
+Hugepagesize:       2048 kB)meminfo";
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    android::base::WriteStringToFd(meminfo, tf.fd);
+
+    std::string file = std::string(tf.path);
+    std::vector<uint64_t> mem(MEMINFO_COUNT);
+    std::vector<std::string> tags(SysMemInfo::kDefaultSysMemInfoTags);
+    auto it = tags.begin();
+    tags.insert(it + MEMINFO_ZRAM_TOTAL, "Zram:");
+    SysMemInfo smi;
+
+    for (auto _ : state) {
+        smi.ReadMemInfo(tags, &mem, file);
+        CHECK_EQ(mem[MEMINFO_KERNEL_STACK], 4880u);
+    }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_MemInfoWithZram_new);
+
+// Current implementation is in frameworks/base/core/jni/android_os_Debug.cpp.
+// That implementation is still buggy and it skips over vmalloc allocated memory by kernel modules.
+// This is the *fixed* version of the same implementation intended for benchmarking against the new
+// one.
+static uint64_t get_allocated_vmalloc_memory(const std::string& vm_file) {
+    char line[1024];
+
+    uint64_t vmalloc_allocated_size = 0;
+    auto fp = std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)>{fopen(vm_file.c_str(), "re"), fclose};
+    if (fp == nullptr) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    while (true) {
+        if (fgets(line, 1024, fp.get()) == NULL) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // check to see if there are pages mapped in vmalloc area
+        if (!strstr(line, "pages=")) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        long nr_pages;
+        if (sscanf(line, "%*x-%*x %*ld %*s pages=%ld", &nr_pages) == 1) {
+            vmalloc_allocated_size += (nr_pages * getpagesize());
+        } else if (sscanf(line, "%*x-%*x %*ld %*s %*s pages=%ld", &nr_pages) == 1) {
+            // The second case is for kernel modules. If allocation comes from the module,
+            // kernel puts an extra string containing the module name before "pages=" in
+            // the line.
+            //    See: https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source/kernel/kallsyms.c#L373
+            vmalloc_allocated_size += (nr_pages * getpagesize());
+        }
+    }
+    return vmalloc_allocated_size;
+}
+
+static void BM_VmallocInfo_old_fixed(benchmark::State& state) {
+    std::string exec_dir = ::android::base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+    std::string vmallocinfo =
+            ::android::base::StringPrintf("%s/testdata1/vmallocinfo", exec_dir.c_str());
+    for (auto _ : state) {
+        CHECK_EQ(get_allocated_vmalloc_memory(vmallocinfo), 29884416);
+    }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_VmallocInfo_old_fixed);
+
+static void BM_VmallocInfo_new(benchmark::State& state) {
+    std::string exec_dir = ::android::base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+    std::string vmallocinfo =
+            ::android::base::StringPrintf("%s/testdata1/vmallocinfo", exec_dir.c_str());
+    for (auto _ : state) {
+        SysMemInfo smi;
+        CHECK_EQ(smi.ReadVmallocInfo(vmallocinfo), 29884416);
+    }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_VmallocInfo_new);
+
+// This implementation is picked up as-is from frameworks/base/core/jni/android_os_Debug.cpp
+// and only slightly modified to use std:unique_ptr.
+static bool get_smaps_rollup(const std::string path, MemUsage* rollup) {
+    char lineBuffer[1024];
+    auto fp = std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)>{fopen(path.c_str(), "re"), fclose};
+    if (fp != nullptr) {
+        char* line;
+        while (true) {
+            if (fgets(lineBuffer, sizeof(lineBuffer), fp.get()) == NULL) {
+                break;
+            }
+            line = lineBuffer;
+
+            switch (line[0]) {
+                case 'P':
+                    if (strncmp(line, "Pss:", 4) == 0) {
+                        char* c = line + 4;
+                        while (*c != 0 && (*c < '0' || *c > '9')) {
+                            c++;
+                        }
+                        rollup->pss += atoi(c);
+                    } else if (strncmp(line, "Private_Clean:", 14) == 0 ||
+                               strncmp(line, "Private_Dirty:", 14) == 0) {
+                        char* c = line + 14;
+                        while (*c != 0 && (*c < '0' || *c > '9')) {
+                            c++;
+                        }
+                        rollup->uss += atoi(c);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 'R':
+                    if (strncmp(line, "Rss:", 4) == 0) {
+                        char* c = line + 4;
+                        while (*c != 0 && (*c < '0' || *c > '9')) {
+                            c++;
+                        }
+                        rollup->rss += atoi(c);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case 'S':
+                    if (strncmp(line, "SwapPss:", 8) == 0) {
+                        char* c = line + 8;
+                        long lSwapPss;
+                        while (*c != 0 && (*c < '0' || *c > '9')) {
+                            c++;
+                        }
+                        lSwapPss = atoi(c);
+                        rollup->swap_pss += lSwapPss;
+                    }
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void BM_SmapsRollup_old(benchmark::State& state) {
+    std::string exec_dir = ::android::base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+    std::string path = ::android::base::StringPrintf("%s/testdata1/smaps", exec_dir.c_str());
+    for (auto _ : state) {
+        MemUsage stats;
+        CHECK_EQ(get_smaps_rollup(path, &stats), true);
+        CHECK_EQ(stats.pss, 108384);
+    }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_SmapsRollup_old);
+
+static void BM_SmapsRollup_new(benchmark::State& state) {
+    std::string exec_dir = ::android::base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+    std::string path = ::android::base::StringPrintf("%s/testdata1/smaps", exec_dir.c_str());
+    for (auto _ : state) {
+        MemUsage stats;
+        CHECK_EQ(SmapsOrRollupFromFile(path, &stats), true);
+        CHECK_EQ(stats.pss, 108384);
+    }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_SmapsRollup_new);
+
+BENCHMARK_MAIN();
diff --git a/libmeminfo/libmeminfo_test.cpp b/libmeminfo/libmeminfo_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e0212f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/libmeminfo_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,921 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <meminfo/pageacct.h>
+#include <meminfo/procmeminfo.h>
+#include <meminfo/sysmeminfo.h>
+#include <pagemap/pagemap.h>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace android::meminfo;
+
+pid_t pid = -1;
+
+class ValidateProcMemInfo : public ::testing::Test {
+  protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_kernel_create(&ker));
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_process_create(ker, pid, &proc));
+        proc_mem = new ProcMemInfo(pid);
+        ASSERT_NE(proc_mem, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override {
+        delete proc_mem;
+        pm_process_destroy(proc);
+        pm_kernel_destroy(ker);
+    }
+
+    pm_kernel_t* ker;
+    pm_process_t* proc;
+    ProcMemInfo* proc_mem;
+};
+
+TEST_F(ValidateProcMemInfo, TestMapsSize) {
+    const std::vector<Vma>& maps = proc_mem->Maps();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(maps.empty()) << "Process " << getpid() << " maps are empty";
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateProcMemInfo, TestMapsEquality) {
+    const std::vector<Vma>& maps = proc_mem->Maps();
+    ASSERT_EQ(proc->num_maps, maps.size());
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < maps.size(); ++i) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(proc->maps[i]->start, maps[i].start);
+        EXPECT_EQ(proc->maps[i]->end, maps[i].end);
+        EXPECT_EQ(proc->maps[i]->offset, maps[i].offset);
+        EXPECT_EQ(std::string(proc->maps[i]->name), maps[i].name);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateProcMemInfo, TestMaps) {
+    const std::vector<Vma>& maps = proc_mem->Maps();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(maps.empty());
+    ASSERT_EQ(proc->num_maps, maps.size());
+
+    pm_memusage_t map_usage, proc_usage;
+    pm_memusage_zero(&map_usage);
+    pm_memusage_zero(&proc_usage);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < maps.size(); i++) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_map_usage(proc->maps[i], &map_usage));
+        EXPECT_EQ(map_usage.vss, maps[i].usage.vss) << "VSS mismatch for map: " << maps[i].name;
+        EXPECT_EQ(map_usage.rss, maps[i].usage.rss) << "RSS mismatch for map: " << maps[i].name;
+        EXPECT_EQ(map_usage.pss, maps[i].usage.pss) << "PSS mismatch for map: " << maps[i].name;
+        EXPECT_EQ(map_usage.uss, maps[i].usage.uss) << "USS mismatch for map: " << maps[i].name;
+        pm_memusage_add(&proc_usage, &map_usage);
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.vss, proc_mem->Usage().vss);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.rss, proc_mem->Usage().rss);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.pss, proc_mem->Usage().pss);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.uss, proc_mem->Usage().uss);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateProcMemInfo, TestSwapUsage) {
+    const std::vector<Vma>& maps = proc_mem->Maps();
+    ASSERT_FALSE(maps.empty());
+    ASSERT_EQ(proc->num_maps, maps.size());
+
+    pm_memusage_t map_usage, proc_usage;
+    pm_memusage_zero(&map_usage);
+    pm_memusage_zero(&proc_usage);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < maps.size(); i++) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_map_usage(proc->maps[i], &map_usage));
+        EXPECT_EQ(map_usage.swap, maps[i].usage.swap) << "SWAP mismatch for map: " << maps[i].name;
+        pm_memusage_add(&proc_usage, &map_usage);
+    }
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.swap, proc_mem->Usage().swap);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateProcMemInfo, TestSwapOffsets) {
+    const MemUsage& proc_usage = proc_mem->Usage();
+    const std::vector<uint16_t>& swap_offsets = proc_mem->SwapOffsets();
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.swap / getpagesize(), swap_offsets.size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateProcMemInfo, TestPageMap) {
+    std::vector<uint64_t> pagemap;
+
+    auto vma_callback = [&](const Vma& vma) {
+        uint64_t* pmap_out;
+        size_t len;
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_process_pagemap_range(proc, vma.start, vma.end, &pmap_out, &len));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(proc_mem->PageMap(vma, &pagemap));
+
+        EXPECT_EQ(len, ((vma.end - vma.start) / getpagesize()));
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            EXPECT_EQ(pmap_out[i], pagemap[i]);
+        }
+    };
+    ASSERT_TRUE(proc_mem->ForEachVma(vma_callback));
+}
+
+class ValidateProcMemInfoWss : public ::testing::Test {
+  protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_kernel_create(&ker));
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_process_create(ker, pid, &proc));
+        proc_mem = new ProcMemInfo(pid, true);
+        ASSERT_NE(proc_mem, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override {
+        delete proc_mem;
+        pm_process_destroy(proc);
+        pm_kernel_destroy(ker);
+    }
+
+    pm_kernel_t* ker;
+    pm_process_t* proc;
+    ProcMemInfo* proc_mem;
+};
+
+TEST_F(ValidateProcMemInfoWss, TestWorkingTestReset) {
+    // Expect reset to succeed
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ProcMemInfo::ResetWorkingSet(pid));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidateProcMemInfoWss, TestWssEquality) {
+    // Read wss using libpagemap
+    pm_memusage_t wss_pagemap;
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, pm_process_workingset(proc, &wss_pagemap, 0));
+
+    // Read wss using libmeminfo
+    MemUsage wss = proc_mem->Wss();
+
+    // compare
+    EXPECT_EQ(wss_pagemap.rss, wss.rss);
+    EXPECT_EQ(wss_pagemap.pss, wss.pss);
+    EXPECT_EQ(wss_pagemap.uss, wss.uss);
+}
+
+class ValidatePageAcct : public ::testing::Test {
+  protected:
+    void SetUp() override {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_kernel_create(&ker));
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_process_create(ker, pid, &proc));
+    }
+
+    void TearDown() override {
+        pm_process_destroy(proc);
+        pm_kernel_destroy(ker);
+    }
+
+    pm_kernel_t* ker;
+    pm_process_t* proc;
+};
+
+TEST_F(ValidatePageAcct, TestPageFlags) {
+    PageAcct& pi = PageAcct::Instance();
+    pi.InitPageAcct(false);
+
+    uint64_t* pagemap;
+    size_t num_pages;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < proc->num_maps; i++) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_map_pagemap(proc->maps[i], &pagemap, &num_pages));
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < num_pages; j++) {
+            if (!PM_PAGEMAP_PRESENT(pagemap[j])) continue;
+
+            uint64_t pfn = PM_PAGEMAP_PFN(pagemap[j]);
+            uint64_t page_flags_pagemap, page_flags_meminfo;
+
+            ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_kernel_flags(ker, pfn, &page_flags_pagemap));
+            ASSERT_TRUE(pi.PageFlags(pfn, &page_flags_meminfo));
+            // check if page flags equal
+            EXPECT_EQ(page_flags_pagemap, page_flags_meminfo);
+        }
+        free(pagemap);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidatePageAcct, TestPageCounts) {
+    PageAcct& pi = PageAcct::Instance();
+    pi.InitPageAcct(false);
+
+    uint64_t* pagemap;
+    size_t num_pages;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < proc->num_maps; i++) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_map_pagemap(proc->maps[i], &pagemap, &num_pages));
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < num_pages; j++) {
+            uint64_t pfn = PM_PAGEMAP_PFN(pagemap[j]);
+            uint64_t map_count_pagemap, map_count_meminfo;
+
+            ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_kernel_count(ker, pfn, &map_count_pagemap));
+            ASSERT_TRUE(pi.PageMapCount(pfn, &map_count_meminfo));
+            // check if map counts are equal
+            EXPECT_EQ(map_count_pagemap, map_count_meminfo);
+        }
+        free(pagemap);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST_F(ValidatePageAcct, TestPageIdle) {
+    // skip the test if idle page tracking isn't enabled
+    if (pm_kernel_init_page_idle(ker) != 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    PageAcct& pi = PageAcct::Instance();
+    ASSERT_TRUE(pi.InitPageAcct(true));
+
+    uint64_t* pagemap;
+    size_t num_pages;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < proc->num_maps; i++) {
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_map_pagemap(proc->maps[i], &pagemap, &num_pages));
+        for (size_t j = 0; j < num_pages; j++) {
+            if (!PM_PAGEMAP_PRESENT(pagemap[j])) continue;
+            uint64_t pfn = PM_PAGEMAP_PFN(pagemap[j]);
+
+            ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_kernel_mark_page_idle(ker, &pfn, 1));
+            int idle_status_pagemap = pm_kernel_get_page_idle(ker, pfn);
+            int idle_status_meminfo = pi.IsPageIdle(pfn);
+            EXPECT_EQ(idle_status_pagemap, idle_status_meminfo);
+        }
+        free(pagemap);
+    }
+}
+
+TEST(TestProcMemInfo, MapsEmpty) {
+    ProcMemInfo proc_mem(pid);
+    const std::vector<Vma>& maps = proc_mem.Maps();
+    EXPECT_GT(maps.size(), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(TestProcMemInfo, UsageEmpty) {
+    // If we created the object for getting working set,
+    // the usage must be empty
+    ProcMemInfo proc_mem(pid, true);
+    const MemUsage& usage = proc_mem.Usage();
+    EXPECT_EQ(usage.rss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(usage.vss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(usage.pss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(usage.uss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(usage.swap, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(TestProcMemInfo, WssEmpty) {
+    // If we created the object for getting usage,
+    // the working set must be empty
+    ProcMemInfo proc_mem(pid, false);
+    const MemUsage& wss = proc_mem.Wss();
+    EXPECT_EQ(wss.rss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(wss.vss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(wss.pss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(wss.uss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(wss.swap, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(TestProcMemInfo, SwapOffsetsEmpty) {
+    // If we created the object for getting working set,
+    // the swap offsets must be empty
+    ProcMemInfo proc_mem(pid, true);
+    const std::vector<uint16_t>& swap_offsets = proc_mem.SwapOffsets();
+    EXPECT_EQ(swap_offsets.size(), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(TestProcMemInfo, IsSmapsSupportedTest) {
+    std::string path = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/smaps_rollup", pid);
+    bool supported = IsSmapsRollupSupported(pid);
+    EXPECT_EQ(!access(path.c_str(), F_OK | R_OK), supported);
+    // Second call must return what the first one returned regardless of the pid parameter.
+    // So, deliberately pass invalid pid.
+    EXPECT_EQ(supported, IsSmapsRollupSupported(-1));
+}
+
+TEST(TestProcMemInfo, SmapsOrRollupTest) {
+    std::string rollup =
+            R"rollup(12c00000-7fe859e000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0                                [rollup]
+Rss:              331908 kB
+Pss:              202052 kB
+Shared_Clean:     158492 kB
+Shared_Dirty:      18928 kB
+Private_Clean:     90472 kB
+Private_Dirty:     64016 kB
+Referenced:       318700 kB
+Anonymous:         81984 kB
+AnonHugePages:         0 kB
+Shared_Hugetlb:        0 kB
+Private_Hugetlb:       0 kB
+Swap:               5344 kB
+SwapPss:             442 kB
+Locked:          1523537 kB)rollup";
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(::android::base::WriteStringToFd(rollup, tf.fd));
+
+    MemUsage stats;
+    ASSERT_EQ(SmapsOrRollupFromFile(tf.path, &stats), true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(stats.rss, 331908);
+    EXPECT_EQ(stats.pss, 202052);
+    EXPECT_EQ(stats.uss, 154488);
+    EXPECT_EQ(stats.private_clean, 90472);
+    EXPECT_EQ(stats.private_dirty, 64016);
+    EXPECT_EQ(stats.swap_pss, 442);
+}
+
+TEST(TestProcMemInfo, SmapsOrRollupSmapsTest) {
+    // This is a made up smaps for the test
+    std::string smaps =
+            R"smaps(12c00000-13440000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                                  [anon:dalvik-main space (region space)]
+Name:           [anon:dalvik-main space (region space)]
+Size:               8448 kB
+KernelPageSize:        4 kB
+MMUPageSize:           4 kB
+Rss:                2652 kB
+Pss:                2652 kB
+Shared_Clean:        840 kB
+Shared_Dirty:         40 kB
+Private_Clean:        84 kB
+Private_Dirty:      2652 kB
+Referenced:         2652 kB
+Anonymous:          2652 kB
+AnonHugePages:         0 kB
+ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB
+Shared_Hugetlb:        0 kB
+Private_Hugetlb:       0 kB
+Swap:                102 kB
+SwapPss:              70 kB
+Locked:             2652 kB
+VmFlags: rd wr mr mw me ac 
+)smaps";
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(::android::base::WriteStringToFd(smaps, tf.fd));
+
+    MemUsage stats;
+    ASSERT_EQ(SmapsOrRollupFromFile(tf.path, &stats), true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(stats.rss, 2652);
+    EXPECT_EQ(stats.pss, 2652);
+    EXPECT_EQ(stats.uss, 2736);
+    EXPECT_EQ(stats.private_clean, 84);
+    EXPECT_EQ(stats.private_dirty, 2652);
+    EXPECT_EQ(stats.swap_pss, 70);
+}
+
+TEST(TestProcMemInfo, SmapsOrRollupPssRollupTest) {
+    // This is a made up smaps for the test
+    std::string smaps =
+            R"smaps(12c00000-13440000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0                                  [anon:dalvik-main space (region space)]
+Name:           [anon:dalvik-main space (region space)]
+Size:               8448 kB
+KernelPageSize:        4 kB
+MMUPageSize:           4 kB
+Rss:                2652 kB
+Pss:                2652 kB
+Shared_Clean:        840 kB
+Shared_Dirty:         40 kB
+Private_Clean:        84 kB
+Private_Dirty:      2652 kB
+Referenced:         2652 kB
+Anonymous:          2652 kB
+AnonHugePages:         0 kB
+ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB
+Shared_Hugetlb:        0 kB
+Private_Hugetlb:       0 kB
+Swap:                102 kB
+SwapPss:              70 kB
+Locked:             2652 kB
+VmFlags: rd wr mr mw me ac 
+)smaps";
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(::android::base::WriteStringToFd(smaps, tf.fd));
+
+    uint64_t pss;
+    ASSERT_EQ(SmapsOrRollupPssFromFile(tf.path, &pss), true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(pss, 2652);
+}
+
+TEST(TestProcMemInfo, SmapsOrRollupPssSmapsTest) {
+    std::string exec_dir = ::android::base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+    std::string path = ::android::base::StringPrintf("%s/testdata1/smaps_short", exec_dir.c_str());
+
+    uint64_t pss;
+    ASSERT_EQ(SmapsOrRollupPssFromFile(path, &pss), true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(pss, 19119);
+}
+
+TEST(TestProcMemInfo, ForEachVmaFromFileTest) {
+    std::string exec_dir = ::android::base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+    std::string path = ::android::base::StringPrintf("%s/testdata1/smaps_short", exec_dir.c_str());
+    ProcMemInfo proc_mem(pid);
+
+    std::vector<Vma> vmas;
+    auto collect_vmas = [&](const Vma& v) { vmas.push_back(v); };
+    ASSERT_TRUE(ForEachVmaFromFile(path, collect_vmas));
+
+    // We should get a total of 6 vmas
+    ASSERT_EQ(vmas.size(), 6);
+
+    // Expect values to be equal to what we have in testdata1/smaps_short
+    // Check for sizes first
+    ASSERT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.vss, 32768);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.vss, 11204);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.vss, 16896);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.vss, 260);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.vss, 6060);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.vss, 4);
+
+    // Check for names
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].name, "[anon:dalvik-zygote-jit-code-cache]");
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].name, "/system/framework/x86_64/boot-framework.art");
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].name, "[anon:libc_malloc]");
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].name, "/system/priv-app/SettingsProvider/oat/x86_64/SettingsProvider.odex");
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].name, "/system/lib64/libhwui.so");
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].name, "[vsyscall]");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.rss, 2048);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.rss, 11188);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.rss, 15272);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.rss, 260);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.rss, 4132);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.rss, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.pss, 113);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.pss, 2200);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.pss, 15272);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.pss, 260);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.pss, 1274);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.pss, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.uss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.uss, 1660);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.uss, 15272);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.uss, 260);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.uss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.uss, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.private_clean, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.private_clean, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.private_clean, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.private_clean, 260);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.private_clean, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.private_clean, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.private_dirty, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.private_dirty, 1660);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.private_dirty, 15272);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.private_dirty, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.private_dirty, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.private_dirty, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.shared_clean, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.shared_clean, 80);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.shared_clean, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.shared_clean, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.shared_clean, 4132);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.shared_clean, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.shared_dirty, 2048);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.shared_dirty, 9448);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.shared_dirty, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.shared_dirty, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.shared_dirty, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.shared_dirty, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.swap, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.swap, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.swap, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.swap, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.swap, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.swap, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.swap_pss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.swap_pss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.swap_pss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.swap_pss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.swap_pss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.swap_pss, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(TestProcMemInfo, SmapsReturnTest) {
+    ProcMemInfo proc_mem(pid);
+    auto vmas = proc_mem.Smaps();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(vmas.empty());
+}
+
+TEST(TestProcMemInfo, SmapsTest) {
+    std::string exec_dir = ::android::base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+    std::string path = ::android::base::StringPrintf("%s/testdata1/smaps_short", exec_dir.c_str());
+    ProcMemInfo proc_mem(pid);
+    auto vmas = proc_mem.Smaps(path);
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(vmas.empty());
+    // We should get a total of 6 vmas
+    ASSERT_EQ(vmas.size(), 6);
+
+    // Expect values to be equal to what we have in testdata1/smaps_short
+    // Check for sizes first
+    ASSERT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.vss, 32768);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.vss, 11204);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.vss, 16896);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.vss, 260);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.vss, 6060);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.vss, 4);
+
+    // Check for names
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].name, "[anon:dalvik-zygote-jit-code-cache]");
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].name, "/system/framework/x86_64/boot-framework.art");
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].name, "[anon:libc_malloc]");
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].name, "/system/priv-app/SettingsProvider/oat/x86_64/SettingsProvider.odex");
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].name, "/system/lib64/libhwui.so");
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].name, "[vsyscall]");
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.rss, 2048);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.rss, 11188);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.rss, 15272);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.rss, 260);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.rss, 4132);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.rss, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.pss, 113);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.pss, 2200);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.pss, 15272);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.pss, 260);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.pss, 1274);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.pss, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.uss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.uss, 1660);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.uss, 15272);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.uss, 260);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.uss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.uss, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.private_clean, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.private_clean, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.private_clean, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.private_clean, 260);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.private_clean, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.private_clean, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.private_dirty, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.private_dirty, 1660);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.private_dirty, 15272);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.private_dirty, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.private_dirty, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.private_dirty, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.shared_clean, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.shared_clean, 80);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.shared_clean, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.shared_clean, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.shared_clean, 4132);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.shared_clean, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.shared_dirty, 2048);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.shared_dirty, 9448);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.shared_dirty, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.shared_dirty, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.shared_dirty, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.shared_dirty, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.swap, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.swap, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.swap, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.swap, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.swap, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.swap, 0);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[0].usage.swap_pss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[1].usage.swap_pss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[2].usage.swap_pss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[3].usage.swap_pss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[4].usage.swap_pss, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(vmas[5].usage.swap_pss, 0);
+}
+
+TEST(ValidateProcMemInfoFlags, TestPageFlags1) {
+    // Create proc object using libpagemap
+    pm_kernel_t* ker;
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_kernel_create(&ker));
+    pm_process_t* proc;
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_process_create(ker, pid, &proc));
+
+    // count swapbacked pages using libpagemap
+    pm_memusage_t proc_usage;
+    pm_memusage_zero(&proc_usage);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_process_usage_flags(proc, &proc_usage, (1 << KPF_SWAPBACKED),
+                                        (1 << KPF_SWAPBACKED)));
+
+    // Create ProcMemInfo that counts swapbacked pages
+    ProcMemInfo proc_mem(pid, false, (1 << KPF_SWAPBACKED), (1 << KPF_SWAPBACKED));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.vss, proc_mem.Usage().vss);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.rss, proc_mem.Usage().rss);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.pss, proc_mem.Usage().pss);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.uss, proc_mem.Usage().uss);
+
+    pm_process_destroy(proc);
+    pm_kernel_destroy(ker);
+}
+
+TEST(ValidateProcMemInfoFlags, TestPageFlags2) {
+    // Create proc object using libpagemap
+    pm_kernel_t* ker;
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_kernel_create(&ker));
+    pm_process_t* proc;
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_process_create(ker, pid, &proc));
+
+    // count non-swapbacked pages using libpagemap
+    pm_memusage_t proc_usage;
+    pm_memusage_zero(&proc_usage);
+    ASSERT_EQ(0, pm_process_usage_flags(proc, &proc_usage, (1 << KPF_SWAPBACKED), 0));
+
+    // Create ProcMemInfo that counts non-swapbacked pages
+    ProcMemInfo proc_mem(pid, false, 0, (1 << KPF_SWAPBACKED));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.vss, proc_mem.Usage().vss);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.rss, proc_mem.Usage().rss);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.pss, proc_mem.Usage().pss);
+    EXPECT_EQ(proc_usage.uss, proc_mem.Usage().uss);
+
+    pm_process_destroy(proc);
+    pm_kernel_destroy(ker);
+}
+
+TEST(SysMemInfoParser, TestSysMemInfoFile) {
+    std::string meminfo = R"meminfo(MemTotal:        3019740 kB
+MemFree:         1809728 kB
+MemAvailable:    2546560 kB
+Buffers:           54736 kB
+Cached:           776052 kB
+SwapCached:            0 kB
+Active:           445856 kB
+Inactive:         459092 kB
+Active(anon):      78492 kB
+Inactive(anon):     2240 kB
+Active(file):     367364 kB
+Inactive(file):   456852 kB
+Unevictable:        3096 kB
+Mlocked:            3096 kB
+SwapTotal:         32768 kB
+SwapFree:           4096 kB
+Dirty:                32 kB
+Writeback:             0 kB
+AnonPages:         74988 kB
+Mapped:            62624 kB
+Shmem:              4020 kB
+Slab:              86464 kB
+SReclaimable:      44432 kB
+SUnreclaim:        42032 kB
+KernelStack:        4880 kB
+PageTables:         2900 kB
+NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
+Bounce:                0 kB
+WritebackTmp:          0 kB
+CommitLimit:     1509868 kB
+Committed_AS:      80296 kB
+VmallocTotal:   263061440 kB
+VmallocUsed:       65536 kB
+VmallocChunk:          0 kB
+AnonHugePages:      6144 kB
+ShmemHugePages:        0 kB
+ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB
+CmaTotal:         131072 kB
+CmaFree:          130380 kB
+HugePages_Total:       0
+HugePages_Free:        0
+HugePages_Rsvd:        0
+HugePages_Surp:        0
+Hugepagesize:       2048 kB)meminfo";
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(::android::base::WriteStringToFd(meminfo, tf.fd));
+
+    SysMemInfo mi;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(mi.ReadMemInfo(tf.path));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_total_kb(), 3019740);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_free_kb(), 1809728);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_buffers_kb(), 54736);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_cached_kb(), 776052);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_shmem_kb(), 4020);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_slab_kb(), 86464);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_slab_reclaimable_kb(), 44432);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_slab_unreclaimable_kb(), 42032);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_swap_kb(), 32768);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_swap_free_kb(), 4096);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_mapped_kb(), 62624);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_vmalloc_used_kb(), 65536);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_page_tables_kb(), 2900);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_kernel_stack_kb(), 4880);
+}
+
+TEST(SysMemInfoParser, TestEmptyFile) {
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    std::string empty_string = "";
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(::android::base::WriteStringToFd(empty_string, tf.fd));
+
+    SysMemInfo mi;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mi.ReadMemInfo(tf.path));
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_total_kb(), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(SysMemInfoParser, TestZramTotal) {
+    std::string exec_dir = ::android::base::GetExecutableDirectory();
+
+    SysMemInfo mi;
+    std::string zram_mmstat_dir = exec_dir + "/testdata1/";
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_zram_kb(zram_mmstat_dir), 30504);
+
+    std::string zram_memused_dir = exec_dir + "/testdata2/";
+    EXPECT_EQ(mi.mem_zram_kb(zram_memused_dir), 30504);
+}
+
+enum {
+    MEMINFO_TOTAL,
+    MEMINFO_FREE,
+    MEMINFO_BUFFERS,
+    MEMINFO_CACHED,
+    MEMINFO_SHMEM,
+    MEMINFO_SLAB,
+    MEMINFO_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE,
+    MEMINFO_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE,
+    MEMINFO_SWAP_TOTAL,
+    MEMINFO_SWAP_FREE,
+    MEMINFO_ZRAM_TOTAL,
+    MEMINFO_MAPPED,
+    MEMINFO_VMALLOC_USED,
+    MEMINFO_PAGE_TABLES,
+    MEMINFO_KERNEL_STACK,
+    MEMINFO_COUNT
+};
+
+TEST(SysMemInfoParser, TestZramWithTags) {
+    std::string meminfo = R"meminfo(MemTotal:        3019740 kB
+MemFree:         1809728 kB
+MemAvailable:    2546560 kB
+Buffers:           54736 kB
+Cached:           776052 kB
+SwapCached:            0 kB
+Active:           445856 kB
+Inactive:         459092 kB
+Active(anon):      78492 kB
+Inactive(anon):     2240 kB
+Active(file):     367364 kB
+Inactive(file):   456852 kB
+Unevictable:        3096 kB
+Mlocked:            3096 kB
+SwapTotal:         32768 kB
+SwapFree:           4096 kB
+Dirty:                32 kB
+Writeback:             0 kB
+AnonPages:         74988 kB
+Mapped:            62624 kB
+Shmem:              4020 kB
+Slab:              86464 kB
+SReclaimable:      44432 kB
+SUnreclaim:        42032 kB
+KernelStack:        4880 kB
+PageTables:         2900 kB
+NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
+Bounce:                0 kB
+WritebackTmp:          0 kB
+CommitLimit:     1509868 kB
+Committed_AS:      80296 kB
+VmallocTotal:   263061440 kB
+VmallocUsed:       65536 kB
+VmallocChunk:          0 kB
+AnonHugePages:      6144 kB
+ShmemHugePages:        0 kB
+ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB
+CmaTotal:         131072 kB
+CmaFree:          130380 kB
+HugePages_Total:       0
+HugePages_Free:        0
+HugePages_Rsvd:        0
+HugePages_Surp:        0
+Hugepagesize:       2048 kB)meminfo";
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(::android::base::WriteStringToFd(meminfo, tf.fd));
+    std::string file = std::string(tf.path);
+    std::vector<uint64_t> mem(MEMINFO_COUNT);
+    std::vector<std::string> tags(SysMemInfo::kDefaultSysMemInfoTags);
+    auto it = tags.begin();
+    tags.insert(it + MEMINFO_ZRAM_TOTAL, "Zram:");
+    SysMemInfo mi;
+
+    // Read system memory info
+    EXPECT_TRUE(mi.ReadMemInfo(tags, &mem, file));
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(mem[MEMINFO_TOTAL], 3019740);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mem[MEMINFO_FREE], 1809728);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mem[MEMINFO_BUFFERS], 54736);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mem[MEMINFO_CACHED], 776052);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mem[MEMINFO_SHMEM], 4020);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mem[MEMINFO_SLAB], 86464);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mem[MEMINFO_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE], 44432);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mem[MEMINFO_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE], 42032);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mem[MEMINFO_SWAP_TOTAL], 32768);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mem[MEMINFO_SWAP_FREE], 4096);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mem[MEMINFO_MAPPED], 62624);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mem[MEMINFO_VMALLOC_USED], 65536);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mem[MEMINFO_PAGE_TABLES], 2900);
+    EXPECT_EQ(mem[MEMINFO_KERNEL_STACK], 4880);
+}
+
+TEST(SysMemInfoParser, TestVmallocInfoNoMemory) {
+    std::string vmallocinfo =
+            R"vmallocinfo(0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000000   69632 of_iomap+0x78/0xb0 phys=17a00000 ioremap
+0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000000    8192 of_iomap+0x78/0xb0 phys=b220000 ioremap
+0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000000    8192 of_iomap+0x78/0xb0 phys=17c90000 ioremap
+0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000000    8192 of_iomap+0x78/0xb0 phys=17ca0000 ioremap)vmallocinfo";
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(::android::base::WriteStringToFd(vmallocinfo, tf.fd));
+    std::string file = std::string(tf.path);
+
+    SysMemInfo smi;
+    EXPECT_EQ(smi.ReadVmallocInfo(file), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(SysMemInfoParser, TestVmallocInfoKernel) {
+    std::string vmallocinfo =
+            R"vmallocinfo(0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000000    8192 drm_property_create_blob+0x44/0xec pages=1 vmalloc)vmallocinfo";
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(::android::base::WriteStringToFd(vmallocinfo, tf.fd));
+    std::string file = std::string(tf.path);
+
+    SysMemInfo smi;
+    EXPECT_EQ(smi.ReadVmallocInfo(file), getpagesize());
+}
+
+TEST(SysMemInfoParser, TestVmallocInfoModule) {
+    std::string vmallocinfo =
+            R"vmallocinfo(0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000000   28672 pktlog_alloc_buf+0xc4/0x15c [wlan] pages=6 vmalloc)vmallocinfo";
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(::android::base::WriteStringToFd(vmallocinfo, tf.fd));
+    std::string file = std::string(tf.path);
+
+    SysMemInfo smi;
+    EXPECT_EQ(smi.ReadVmallocInfo(file), 6 * getpagesize());
+}
+
+TEST(SysMemInfoParser, TestVmallocInfoAll) {
+    std::string vmallocinfo =
+            R"vmallocinfo(0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000000   69632 of_iomap+0x78/0xb0 phys=17a00000 ioremap
+0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000000    8192 of_iomap+0x78/0xb0 phys=b220000 ioremap
+0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000000    8192 of_iomap+0x78/0xb0 phys=17c90000 ioremap
+0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000000    8192 of_iomap+0x78/0xb0 phys=17ca0000 ioremap
+0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000000    8192 drm_property_create_blob+0x44/0xec pages=1 vmalloc
+0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000000   28672 pktlog_alloc_buf+0xc4/0x15c [wlan] pages=6 vmalloc)vmallocinfo";
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(::android::base::WriteStringToFd(vmallocinfo, tf.fd));
+    std::string file = std::string(tf.path);
+
+    SysMemInfo smi;
+    EXPECT_EQ(smi.ReadVmallocInfo(file), 7 * getpagesize());
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+    if (argc <= 1) {
+        cerr << "Pid of a permanently sleeping process must be provided." << endl;
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+    ::android::base::InitLogging(argv, android::base::StderrLogger);
+    pid = std::stoi(std::string(argv[1]));
+    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
diff --git a/libmeminfo/meminfo_private.h b/libmeminfo/meminfo_private.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df5699c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/meminfo_private.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <meminfo/meminfo.h>
+#include <meminfo/pageacct.h>
+#include <meminfo/procmeminfo.h>
+#include <meminfo/sysmeminfo.h>
+
+// Macros to do per-page flag manipulation
+#define _BITS(x, offset, bits) (((x) >> (offset)) & ((1LL << (bits)) - 1))
+#define PAGE_PRESENT(x) (_BITS(x, 63, 1))
+#define PAGE_SWAPPED(x) (_BITS(x, 62, 1))
+#define PAGE_SHIFT(x) (_BITS(x, 55, 6))
+#define PAGE_PFN(x) (_BITS(x, 0, 55))
+#define PAGE_SWAP_OFFSET(x) (_BITS(x, 5, 50))
+#define PAGE_SWAP_TYPE(x) (_BITS(x, 0, 5))
diff --git a/libmeminfo/pageacct.cpp b/libmeminfo/pageacct.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a26c08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/pageacct.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+#include "meminfo_private.h"
+
+using unique_fd = ::android::base::unique_fd;
+
+namespace android {
+namespace meminfo {
+
+static inline off64_t pfn_to_idle_bitmap_offset(uint64_t pfn) {
+    return static_cast<off64_t>((pfn >> 6) << 3);
+}
+
+uint64_t pagesize(void) {
+    static uint64_t pagesize = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
+    return pagesize;
+}
+
+bool PageAcct::InitPageAcct(bool pageidle_enable) {
+    if (pageidle_enable && !PageAcct::KernelHasPageIdle()) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Idle page tracking is not supported by the kernel";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (kpagecount_fd_ < 0) {
+        unique_fd count_fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("/proc/kpagecount", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
+        if (count_fd < 0) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open /proc/kpagecount";
+            return false;
+        }
+        kpagecount_fd_ = std::move(count_fd);
+    }
+
+    if (kpageflags_fd_ < 0) {
+        unique_fd flags_fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("/proc/kpageflags", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
+        if (flags_fd < 0) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open /proc/kpageflags";
+            return false;
+        }
+        kpageflags_fd_ = std::move(flags_fd);
+    }
+
+    if (pageidle_enable && pageidle_fd_ < 0) {
+        unique_fd idle_fd(
+                TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("/sys/kernel/mm/page_idle/bitmap", O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC)));
+        if (idle_fd < 0) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open page idle bitmap";
+            return false;
+        }
+        pageidle_fd_ = std::move(idle_fd);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool PageAcct::PageFlags(uint64_t pfn, uint64_t* flags) {
+    if (!flags) return false;
+
+    if (kpageflags_fd_ < 0) {
+        if (!InitPageAcct()) return false;
+    }
+
+    if (pread64(kpageflags_fd_, flags, sizeof(uint64_t), pfn * sizeof(uint64_t)) < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page flags for page " << pfn;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool PageAcct::PageMapCount(uint64_t pfn, uint64_t* mapcount) {
+    if (!mapcount) return false;
+
+    if (kpagecount_fd_ < 0) {
+        if (!InitPageAcct()) return false;
+    }
+
+    if (pread64(kpagecount_fd_, mapcount, sizeof(uint64_t), pfn * sizeof(uint64_t)) < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read map count for page " << pfn;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+int PageAcct::IsPageIdle(uint64_t pfn) {
+    if (pageidle_fd_ < 0) {
+        if (!InitPageAcct(true)) return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+    }
+
+    int idle_status = MarkPageIdle(pfn);
+    if (idle_status) return idle_status;
+
+    return GetPageIdle(pfn);
+}
+
+int PageAcct::MarkPageIdle(uint64_t pfn) const {
+    off64_t offset = pfn_to_idle_bitmap_offset(pfn);
+    // set the bit corresponding to page frame
+    uint64_t idle_bits = 1ULL << (pfn % 64);
+
+    if (pwrite64(pageidle_fd_, &idle_bits, sizeof(uint64_t), offset) < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write page idle bitmap for page " << pfn;
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int PageAcct::GetPageIdle(uint64_t pfn) const {
+    off64_t offset = pfn_to_idle_bitmap_offset(pfn);
+    uint64_t idle_bits;
+
+    if (pread64(pageidle_fd_, &idle_bits, sizeof(uint64_t), offset) < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page idle bitmap for page " << pfn;
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    return !!(idle_bits & (1ULL << (pfn % 64)));
+}
+
+// Public methods
+bool page_present(uint64_t pagemap_val) {
+    return PAGE_PRESENT(pagemap_val);
+}
+
+bool page_swapped(uint64_t pagemap_val) {
+    return PAGE_SWAPPED(pagemap_val);
+}
+
+uint64_t page_pfn(uint64_t pagemap_val) {
+    return PAGE_PFN(pagemap_val);
+}
+
+}  // namespace meminfo
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp b/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1df03b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <linux/kernel-page-flags.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <procinfo/process_map.h>
+
+#include "meminfo_private.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace meminfo {
+
+static void add_mem_usage(MemUsage* to, const MemUsage& from) {
+    to->vss += from.vss;
+    to->rss += from.rss;
+    to->pss += from.pss;
+    to->uss += from.uss;
+
+    to->swap += from.swap;
+
+    to->private_clean += from.private_clean;
+    to->private_dirty += from.private_dirty;
+
+    to->shared_clean += from.shared_clean;
+    to->shared_dirty += from.shared_dirty;
+}
+
+// Returns true if the line was valid smaps stats line false otherwise.
+static bool parse_smaps_field(const char* line, MemUsage* stats) {
+    char field[64];
+    int len;
+    if (sscanf(line, "%63s %n", field, &len) == 1 && *field && field[strlen(field) - 1] == ':') {
+        const char* c = line + len;
+        switch (field[0]) {
+            case 'P':
+                if (strncmp(field, "Pss:", 4) == 0) {
+                    stats->pss = strtoull(c, nullptr, 10);
+                } else if (strncmp(field, "Private_Clean:", 14) == 0) {
+                    uint64_t prcl = strtoull(c, nullptr, 10);
+                    stats->private_clean = prcl;
+                    stats->uss += prcl;
+                } else if (strncmp(field, "Private_Dirty:", 14) == 0) {
+                    uint64_t prdi = strtoull(c, nullptr, 10);
+                    stats->private_dirty = prdi;
+                    stats->uss += prdi;
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'S':
+                if (strncmp(field, "Size:", 5) == 0) {
+                    stats->vss = strtoull(c, nullptr, 10);
+                } else if (strncmp(field, "Shared_Clean:", 13) == 0) {
+                    stats->shared_clean = strtoull(c, nullptr, 10);
+                } else if (strncmp(field, "Shared_Dirty:", 13) == 0) {
+                    stats->shared_dirty = strtoull(c, nullptr, 10);
+                } else if (strncmp(field, "Swap:", 5) == 0) {
+                    stats->swap = strtoull(c, nullptr, 10);
+                } else if (strncmp(field, "SwapPss:", 8) == 0) {
+                    stats->swap_pss = strtoull(c, nullptr, 10);
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'R':
+                if (strncmp(field, "Rss:", 4) == 0) {
+                    stats->rss = strtoull(c, nullptr, 10);
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool ProcMemInfo::ResetWorkingSet(pid_t pid) {
+    std::string clear_refs_path = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/clear_refs", pid);
+    if (!::android::base::WriteStringToFile("1\n", clear_refs_path)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write to " << clear_refs_path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+ProcMemInfo::ProcMemInfo(pid_t pid, bool get_wss, uint64_t pgflags, uint64_t pgflags_mask)
+    : pid_(pid), get_wss_(get_wss), pgflags_(pgflags), pgflags_mask_(pgflags_mask) {}
+
+const std::vector<Vma>& ProcMemInfo::Maps() {
+    if (maps_.empty() && !ReadMaps(get_wss_)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read maps for Process " << pid_;
+    }
+
+    return maps_;
+}
+
+const std::vector<Vma>& ProcMemInfo::Smaps(const std::string& path) {
+    if (!maps_.empty()) {
+        return maps_;
+    }
+
+    auto collect_vmas = [&](const Vma& vma) { maps_.emplace_back(vma); };
+    if (path.empty() && !ForEachVma(collect_vmas)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read smaps for Process " << pid_;
+        maps_.clear();
+    }
+
+    if (!path.empty() && !ForEachVmaFromFile(path, collect_vmas)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read smaps from file " << path;
+        maps_.clear();
+    }
+
+    return maps_;
+}
+
+const MemUsage& ProcMemInfo::Usage() {
+    if (get_wss_) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "Trying to read process memory usage for " << pid_
+                     << " using invalid object";
+        return usage_;
+    }
+
+    if (maps_.empty() && !ReadMaps(get_wss_)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get memory usage for Process " << pid_;
+    }
+
+    return usage_;
+}
+
+const MemUsage& ProcMemInfo::Wss() {
+    if (!get_wss_) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "Trying to read process working set for " << pid_
+                     << " using invalid object";
+        return usage_;
+    }
+
+    if (maps_.empty() && !ReadMaps(get_wss_)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get working set for Process " << pid_;
+    }
+
+    return usage_;
+}
+
+bool ProcMemInfo::ForEachVma(const VmaCallback& callback) {
+    std::string path = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/smaps", pid_);
+    return ForEachVmaFromFile(path, callback);
+}
+
+bool ProcMemInfo::SmapsOrRollup(MemUsage* stats) const {
+    std::string path = ::android::base::StringPrintf(
+            "/proc/%d/%s", pid_, IsSmapsRollupSupported(pid_) ? "smaps_rollup" : "smaps");
+    return SmapsOrRollupFromFile(path, stats);
+}
+
+bool ProcMemInfo::SmapsOrRollupPss(uint64_t* pss) const {
+    std::string path = ::android::base::StringPrintf(
+            "/proc/%d/%s", pid_, IsSmapsRollupSupported(pid_) ? "smaps_rollup" : "smaps");
+    return SmapsOrRollupPssFromFile(path, pss);
+}
+
+const std::vector<uint16_t>& ProcMemInfo::SwapOffsets() {
+    if (get_wss_) {
+        LOG(WARNING) << "Trying to read process swap offsets for " << pid_
+                     << " using invalid object";
+        return swap_offsets_;
+    }
+
+    if (maps_.empty() && !ReadMaps(get_wss_)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get swap offsets for Process " << pid_;
+    }
+
+    return swap_offsets_;
+}
+
+bool ProcMemInfo::PageMap(const Vma& vma, std::vector<uint64_t>* pagemap) {
+    pagemap->clear();
+    std::string pagemap_file = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/pagemap", pid_);
+    ::android::base::unique_fd pagemap_fd(
+            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(pagemap_file.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    if (pagemap_fd < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open " << pagemap_file;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t nr_pages = (vma.end - vma.start) / getpagesize();
+    pagemap->reserve(nr_pages);
+
+    uint64_t idx = vma.start / getpagesize();
+    uint64_t last = idx + nr_pages;
+    uint64_t val;
+    for (; idx < last; idx++) {
+        if (pread64(pagemap_fd, &val, sizeof(uint64_t), idx * sizeof(uint64_t)) < 0) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page frames from page map for pid: " << pid_;
+            return false;
+        }
+        pagemap->emplace_back(val);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ProcMemInfo::ReadMaps(bool get_wss) {
+    // Each object reads /proc/<pid>/maps only once. This is done to make sure programs that are
+    // running for the lifetime of the system can recycle the objects and don't have to
+    // unnecessarily retain and update this object in memory (which can get significantly large).
+    // E.g. A program that only needs to reset the working set will never all ->Maps(), ->Usage().
+    // E.g. A program that is monitoring smaps_rollup, may never call ->maps(), Usage(), so it
+    // doesn't make sense for us to parse and retain unnecessary memory accounting stats by default.
+    if (!maps_.empty()) return true;
+
+    // parse and read /proc/<pid>/maps
+    std::string maps_file = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/maps", pid_);
+    if (!::android::procinfo::ReadMapFile(
+                maps_file, [&](uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint16_t flags, uint64_t pgoff,
+                               const char* name) {
+                    maps_.emplace_back(Vma(start, end, pgoff, flags, name));
+                })) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to parse " << maps_file;
+        maps_.clear();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::string pagemap_file = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/pagemap", pid_);
+    ::android::base::unique_fd pagemap_fd(
+            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(pagemap_file.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    if (pagemap_fd < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open " << pagemap_file;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (auto& vma : maps_) {
+        if (!ReadVmaStats(pagemap_fd.get(), vma, get_wss)) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page map for vma " << vma.name << "[" << vma.start << "-"
+                       << vma.end << "]";
+            maps_.clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+        add_mem_usage(&usage_, vma.usage);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ProcMemInfo::ReadVmaStats(int pagemap_fd, Vma& vma, bool get_wss) {
+    PageAcct& pinfo = PageAcct::Instance();
+    uint64_t pagesz = getpagesize();
+    uint64_t num_pages = (vma.end - vma.start) / pagesz;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<uint64_t[]> pg_frames(new uint64_t[num_pages]);
+    uint64_t first = vma.start / pagesz;
+    if (pread64(pagemap_fd, pg_frames.get(), num_pages * sizeof(uint64_t),
+                first * sizeof(uint64_t)) < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page frames from page map for pid: " << pid_;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::unique_ptr<uint64_t[]> pg_flags(new uint64_t[num_pages]);
+    std::unique_ptr<uint64_t[]> pg_counts(new uint64_t[num_pages]);
+    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < num_pages; ++i) {
+        if (!get_wss) {
+            vma.usage.vss += pagesz;
+        }
+        uint64_t p = pg_frames[i];
+        if (!PAGE_PRESENT(p) && !PAGE_SWAPPED(p)) continue;
+
+        if (PAGE_SWAPPED(p)) {
+            vma.usage.swap += pagesz;
+            swap_offsets_.emplace_back(PAGE_SWAP_OFFSET(p));
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        uint64_t page_frame = PAGE_PFN(p);
+        if (!pinfo.PageFlags(page_frame, &pg_flags[i])) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get page flags for " << page_frame << " in process " << pid_;
+            swap_offsets_.clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // skip unwanted pages from the count
+        if ((pg_flags[i] & pgflags_mask_) != pgflags_) continue;
+
+        if (!pinfo.PageMapCount(page_frame, &pg_counts[i])) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to get page count for " << page_frame << " in process " << pid_;
+            swap_offsets_.clear();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Page was unmapped between the presence check at the beginning of the loop and here.
+        if (pg_counts[i] == 0) {
+            pg_frames[i] = 0;
+            pg_flags[i] = 0;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        bool is_dirty = !!(pg_flags[i] & (1 << KPF_DIRTY));
+        bool is_private = (pg_counts[i] == 1);
+        // Working set
+        if (get_wss) {
+            bool is_referenced = !!(pg_flags[i] & (1 << KPF_REFERENCED));
+            if (!is_referenced) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // This effectively makes vss = rss for the working set is requested.
+            // The libpagemap implementation returns vss > rss for
+            // working set, which doesn't make sense.
+            vma.usage.vss += pagesz;
+        }
+
+        vma.usage.rss += pagesz;
+        vma.usage.uss += is_private ? pagesz : 0;
+        vma.usage.pss += pagesz / pg_counts[i];
+        if (is_private) {
+            vma.usage.private_dirty += is_dirty ? pagesz : 0;
+            vma.usage.private_clean += is_dirty ? 0 : pagesz;
+        } else {
+            vma.usage.shared_dirty += is_dirty ? pagesz : 0;
+            vma.usage.shared_clean += is_dirty ? 0 : pagesz;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Public APIs
+bool ForEachVmaFromFile(const std::string& path, const VmaCallback& callback) {
+    auto fp = std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)>{fopen(path.c_str(), "re"), fclose};
+    if (fp == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    char* line = nullptr;
+    bool parsing_vma = false;
+    ssize_t line_len;
+    size_t line_alloc = 0;
+    Vma vma;
+    while ((line_len = getline(&line, &line_alloc, fp.get())) > 0) {
+        // Make sure the line buffer terminates like a C string for ReadMapFile
+        line[line_len] = '\0';
+
+        if (parsing_vma) {
+            if (parse_smaps_field(line, &vma.usage)) {
+                // This was a stats field
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Done collecting stats, make the call back
+            callback(vma);
+            parsing_vma = false;
+        }
+
+        vma.clear();
+        // If it has, we are looking for the vma stats
+        // 00400000-00409000 r-xp 00000000 fc:00 426998  /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfsd-http
+        if (!::android::procinfo::ReadMapFileContent(
+                    line, [&](uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint16_t flags, uint64_t pgoff,
+                              const char* name) {
+                        vma.start = start;
+                        vma.end = end;
+                        vma.flags = flags;
+                        vma.offset = pgoff;
+                        vma.name = name;
+                    })) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to parse " << path;
+            return false;
+        }
+        parsing_vma = true;
+    }
+
+    // free getline() managed buffer
+    free(line);
+
+    if (parsing_vma) {
+        callback(vma);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+enum smaps_rollup_support { UNTRIED, SUPPORTED, UNSUPPORTED };
+
+static std::atomic<smaps_rollup_support> g_rollup_support = UNTRIED;
+
+bool IsSmapsRollupSupported(pid_t pid) {
+    // Similar to OpenSmapsOrRollup checks from android_os_Debug.cpp, except
+    // the method only checks if rollup is supported and returns the status
+    // right away.
+    enum smaps_rollup_support rollup_support = g_rollup_support.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    if (rollup_support != UNTRIED) {
+        return rollup_support == SUPPORTED;
+    }
+    std::string rollup_file = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/smaps_rollup", pid);
+    if (access(rollup_file.c_str(), F_OK | R_OK)) {
+        // No check for errno = ENOENT necessary here. The caller MUST fallback to
+        // using /proc/<pid>/smaps instead anyway.
+        g_rollup_support.store(UNSUPPORTED, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    g_rollup_support.store(SUPPORTED, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    LOG(INFO) << "Using smaps_rollup for pss collection";
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool SmapsOrRollupFromFile(const std::string& path, MemUsage* stats) {
+    auto fp = std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)>{fopen(path.c_str(), "re"), fclose};
+    if (fp == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    char* line = nullptr;
+    size_t line_alloc = 0;
+    stats->clear();
+    while (getline(&line, &line_alloc, fp.get()) > 0) {
+        switch (line[0]) {
+            case 'P':
+                if (strncmp(line, "Pss:", 4) == 0) {
+                    char* c = line + 4;
+                    stats->pss += strtoull(c, nullptr, 10);
+                } else if (strncmp(line, "Private_Clean:", 14) == 0) {
+                    char* c = line + 14;
+                    uint64_t prcl = strtoull(c, nullptr, 10);
+                    stats->private_clean += prcl;
+                    stats->uss += prcl;
+                } else if (strncmp(line, "Private_Dirty:", 14) == 0) {
+                    char* c = line + 14;
+                    uint64_t prdi = strtoull(c, nullptr, 10);
+                    stats->private_dirty += prdi;
+                    stats->uss += prdi;
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'R':
+                if (strncmp(line, "Rss:", 4) == 0) {
+                    char* c = line + 4;
+                    stats->rss += strtoull(c, nullptr, 10);
+                }
+                break;
+            case 'S':
+                if (strncmp(line, "SwapPss:", 8) == 0) {
+                    char* c = line + 8;
+                    stats->swap_pss += strtoull(c, nullptr, 10);
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // free getline() managed buffer
+    free(line);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool SmapsOrRollupPssFromFile(const std::string& path, uint64_t* pss) {
+    auto fp = std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)>{fopen(path.c_str(), "re"), fclose};
+    if (fp == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *pss = 0;
+    char* line = nullptr;
+    size_t line_alloc = 0;
+    while (getline(&line, &line_alloc, fp.get()) > 0) {
+        uint64_t v;
+        if (sscanf(line, "Pss: %" SCNu64 " kB", &v) == 1) {
+            *pss += v;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // free getline() managed buffer
+    free(line);
+    return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace meminfo
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libmeminfo/sysmeminfo.cpp b/libmeminfo/sysmeminfo.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fd18d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/sysmeminfo.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/logging.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+
+#include "meminfo_private.h"
+
+namespace android {
+namespace meminfo {
+
+const std::vector<std::string> SysMemInfo::kDefaultSysMemInfoTags = {
+        SysMemInfo::kMemTotal,      SysMemInfo::kMemFree,        SysMemInfo::kMemBuffers,
+        SysMemInfo::kMemCached,     SysMemInfo::kMemShmem,       SysMemInfo::kMemSlab,
+        SysMemInfo::kMemSReclaim,   SysMemInfo::kMemSUnreclaim,  SysMemInfo::kMemSwapTotal,
+        SysMemInfo::kMemSwapFree,   SysMemInfo::kMemMapped,      SysMemInfo::kMemVmallocUsed,
+        SysMemInfo::kMemPageTables, SysMemInfo::kMemKernelStack,
+};
+
+bool SysMemInfo::ReadMemInfo(const std::string& path) {
+    return ReadMemInfo(SysMemInfo::kDefaultSysMemInfoTags, path,
+                       [&](const std::string& tag, uint64_t val) { mem_in_kb_[tag] = val; });
+}
+
+bool SysMemInfo::ReadMemInfo(std::vector<uint64_t>* out, const std::string& path) {
+    return ReadMemInfo(SysMemInfo::kDefaultSysMemInfoTags, out, path);
+}
+
+bool SysMemInfo::ReadMemInfo(const std::vector<std::string>& tags, std::vector<uint64_t>* out,
+                             const std::string& path) {
+    out->clear();
+    out->resize(tags.size());
+
+    return ReadMemInfo(tags, path, [&]([[maybe_unused]] const std::string& tag, uint64_t val) {
+        auto it = std::find(tags.begin(), tags.end(), tag);
+        if (it == tags.end()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Tried to store invalid tag: " << tag;
+            return;
+        }
+        auto index = std::distance(tags.begin(), it);
+        // store the values in the same order as the tags
+        out->at(index) = val;
+    });
+}
+
+uint64_t SysMemInfo::ReadVmallocInfo(const std::string& path) {
+    uint64_t vmalloc_total = 0;
+    auto fp = std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)>{fopen(path.c_str(), "re"), fclose};
+    if (fp == nullptr) {
+        return vmalloc_total;
+    }
+
+    char line[1024];
+    while (fgets(line, 1024, fp.get()) != nullptr) {
+        // We are looking for lines like
+        // 0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000000   12288 drm_property_create_blob+0x44/0xec pages=2
+        // vmalloc 0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000000000    8192
+        // wlan_logging_sock_init_svc+0xf8/0x4f0 [wlan] pages=1 vmalloc Notice that if the caller is
+        // coming from a module, the kernel prints and extra "[module_name]" after the address and
+        // the symbol of the call site. This means we can't use the old sscanf() method of getting
+        // the # of pages.
+        char* p_start = strstr(line, "pages=");
+        if (p_start == nullptr) {
+            // we didn't find anything
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        p_start = strtok(p_start, " ");
+        long nr_pages;
+        if (sscanf(p_start, "pages=%ld", &nr_pages) == 1) {
+            vmalloc_total += (nr_pages * getpagesize());
+        }
+    }
+
+    return vmalloc_total;
+}
+
+// TODO: Delete this function if it can't match up with the c-like implementation below.
+// Currently, this added about 50 % extra overhead on hikey.
+#if 0
+bool SysMemInfo::ReadMemInfo(const std::vector<std::string>& tags, const std::string& path) {
+    std::string buffer;
+    if (!::android::base::ReadFileToString(path, &buffer)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read : " << path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t total_found = 0;
+    for (auto s = buffer.begin(); s < buffer.end() && total_found < tags.size();) {
+        for (auto& tag : tags) {
+            if (tag == std::string(s, s + tag.size())) {
+                s += tag.size();
+                while (isspace(*s)) s++;
+                auto num_start = s;
+                while (std::isdigit(*s)) s++;
+
+                std::string number(num_start, num_start + (s - num_start));
+                if (!::android::base::ParseUint(number, &mem_in_kb_[tag])) {
+                    LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to parse uint";
+                    return false;
+                }
+                total_found++;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        while (s < buffer.end() && *s != '\n') s++;
+        if (s < buffer.end()) s++;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+#else
+bool SysMemInfo::ReadMemInfo(const std::vector<std::string>& tags, const std::string& path,
+                             std::function<void(const std::string&, uint64_t)> store_val) {
+    char buffer[4096];
+    int fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open file :" << path;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const int len = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
+    close(fd);
+    if (len < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    buffer[len] = '\0';
+    char* p = buffer;
+    uint32_t found = 0;
+    uint32_t lineno = 0;
+    bool zram_tag_found = false;
+    while (*p && found < tags.size()) {
+        for (auto& tag : tags) {
+            // Special case for "Zram:" tag that android_os_Debug and friends look
+            // up along with the rest of the numbers from /proc/meminfo
+            if (!zram_tag_found && tag == "Zram:") {
+                store_val(tag, mem_zram_kb());
+                zram_tag_found = true;
+                found++;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (strncmp(p, tag.c_str(), tag.size()) == 0) {
+                p += tag.size();
+                while (*p == ' ') p++;
+                char* endptr = nullptr;
+                uint64_t val = strtoull(p, &endptr, 10);
+                if (p == endptr) {
+                    PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to parse line:" << lineno + 1 << " in file: " << path;
+                    return false;
+                }
+                store_val(tag, val);
+                p = endptr;
+                found++;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        while (*p && *p != '\n') {
+            p++;
+        }
+        if (*p) p++;
+        lineno++;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+#endif
+
+uint64_t SysMemInfo::mem_zram_kb(const std::string& zram_dev) {
+    uint64_t mem_zram_total = 0;
+    if (!zram_dev.empty()) {
+        if (!MemZramDevice(zram_dev, &mem_zram_total)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return mem_zram_total / 1024;
+    }
+
+    constexpr uint32_t kMaxZramDevices = 256;
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < kMaxZramDevices; i++) {
+        std::string zram_dev = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/sys/block/zram%u/", i);
+        if (access(zram_dev.c_str(), F_OK)) {
+            // We assume zram devices appear in range 0-255 and appear always in sequence
+            // under /sys/block. So, stop looking for them once we find one is missing.
+            break;
+        }
+
+        uint64_t mem_zram_dev;
+        if (!MemZramDevice(zram_dev, &mem_zram_dev)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        mem_zram_total += mem_zram_dev;
+    }
+
+    return mem_zram_total / 1024;
+}
+
+bool SysMemInfo::MemZramDevice(const std::string& zram_dev, uint64_t* mem_zram_dev) {
+    std::string mmstat = ::android::base::StringPrintf("%s/%s", zram_dev.c_str(), "mm_stat");
+    auto mmstat_fp = std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)>{fopen(mmstat.c_str(), "re"), fclose};
+    if (mmstat_fp != nullptr) {
+        // only if we do have mmstat, use it. Otherwise, fall through to trying out the old
+        // 'mem_used_total'
+        if (fscanf(mmstat_fp.get(), "%*" SCNu64 " %*" SCNu64 " %" SCNu64, mem_zram_dev) != 1) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Malformed mm_stat file in: " << zram_dev;
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    std::string content;
+    if (::android::base::ReadFileToString(zram_dev + "mem_used_total", &content)) {
+        *mem_zram_dev = strtoull(content.c_str(), NULL, 10);
+        if (*mem_zram_dev == ULLONG_MAX) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Malformed mem_used_total file for zram dev: " << zram_dev
+                        << " content: " << content;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    LOG(ERROR) << "Can't find memory status under: " << zram_dev;
+    return false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace meminfo
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libmeminfo/testdata1/mm_stat b/libmeminfo/testdata1/mm_stat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32b325f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/testdata1/mm_stat
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ 145674240 26801454 31236096        0 45772800     3042     1887      517
diff --git a/libmeminfo/testdata1/showmap_test.sh b/libmeminfo/testdata1/showmap_test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..8ee713e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/testdata1/showmap_test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#! /system/bin/sh
+
+TESTDATA_PATH=/data/nativetest64/libmeminfo_test/testdata1
+SMAPS=$TESTDATA_PATH/smaps
+OUT1=$TMPDIR/1.txt
+OUT2=$TMPDIR/2.txt
+
+showmap -f $SMAPS > $OUT1
+showmap2 -f $SMAPS > $OUT2
+diff $OUT1 $OUT2 > /dev/null
+ret=$?
+if [[ $ret != 0 ]]; then
+    echo "fail: showmap -f <smaps>";
+else
+    echo "pass: showmap -f <smaps>"
+fi
+
+showmap -q -f $SMAPS > $OUT1
+showmap2 -q -f $SMAPS > $OUT2
+diff $OUT1 $OUT2 > /dev/null
+ret=$?
+if [[ $ret != 0 ]]; then
+    echo "fail: showmap -q -f <smaps>";
+else
+    echo "pass: showmap -q -f <smaps>"
+fi
+
+showmap -v -f $SMAPS > $OUT1
+showmap2 -v -f $SMAPS > $OUT2
+diff $OUT1 $OUT2 > /dev/null
+ret=$?
+if [[ $ret != 0 ]]; then
+    echo "fail: showmap -v -f <smaps>";
+else
+    echo "pass: showmap -v -f <smaps>"
+fi
+
+showmap -a -f $SMAPS > $OUT1
+showmap2 -a -f $SMAPS > $OUT2
+diff $OUT1 $OUT2 > /dev/null
+ret=$?
+if [[ $ret != 0 ]]; then
+    echo "fail: showmap -a -f <smaps>";
+else
+    echo "pass: showmap -a -f <smaps>"
+fi
+
+# Note that all tests from here down that have the option
+# '-a' added to the command are expected to fail as
+# 'showmap2' actually fixes the 64-bit address truncating
+# that was already happening with showmap
+showmap -a -t -f $SMAPS > $OUT1
+showmap2 -a -t -f $SMAPS > $OUT2
+diff $OUT1 $OUT2 > /dev/null
+ret=$?
+if [[ $ret != 0 ]]; then
+    echo "fail: showmap -a -t -f <smaps>";
+else
+    echo "pass: showmap -a -t -f <smaps>"
+fi
+
+showmap -a -t -v -f $SMAPS > $OUT1
+showmap2 -a -t -v -f $SMAPS > $OUT2
+diff $OUT1 $OUT2 > /dev/null
+ret=$?
+if [[ $ret != 0 ]]; then
+    echo "fail: showmap -a -t -v -f <smaps>";
+else
+    echo "pass: showmap -a -t -v -f <smaps>"
+fi
+
+# Note: This test again is expected to fail as the new
+# showmap fixes an issue with -t where the tool was only
+# showing maps with private dirty pages. The '-t' option was however
+# supposed to show all maps that have 'private' pages, clean or dirty.
+showmap -t -f $SMAPS > $OUT1
+showmap2 -t -f $SMAPS > $OUT2
+diff $OUT1 $OUT2 > /dev/null
+ret=$?
+if [[ $ret != 0 ]]; then
+    echo "fail: showmap -t -f <smaps>";
+else
+    echo "pass: showmap -t -f <smaps>"
+fi
+
+
diff --git a/libmeminfo/testdata1/smaps b/libmeminfo/testdata1/smaps
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23aa2af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/testdata1/smaps
@@ -0,0 +1,56297 @@
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diff --git a/libmeminfo/testdata1/smaps_short b/libmeminfo/testdata1/smaps_short
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cee67b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/testdata1/smaps_short
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
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diff --git a/libmeminfo/testdata1/vmallocinfo b/libmeminfo/testdata1/vmallocinfo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d48d8bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/testdata1/vmallocinfo
@@ -0,0 +1,1774 @@
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diff --git a/libmeminfo/testdata2/mem_used_total b/libmeminfo/testdata2/mem_used_total
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97fcf41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/testdata2/mem_used_total
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+31236096
diff --git a/libmeminfo/tools/Android.bp b/libmeminfo/tools/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24054c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/tools/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "librank",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: ["librank.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libmeminfo",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "procmem",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: ["procmem.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libmeminfo",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "procrank",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: ["procrank.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libmeminfo",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_binary {
+    name: "showmap",
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: ["showmap.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libmeminfo",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libmeminfo/tools/librank.cpp b/libmeminfo/tools/librank.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c2583d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/tools/librank.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <error.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <linux/kernel-page-flags.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+
+#include <meminfo/procmeminfo.h>
+
+using ::android::meminfo::MemUsage;
+using ::android::meminfo::ProcMemInfo;
+using ::android::meminfo::Vma;
+
+[[noreturn]] static void usage(int exit_status) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "Usage: %s [ -P | -L ] [ -v | -r | -p | -u | -s | -h ]\n"
+            "\n"
+            "Sort options:\n"
+            "    -v  Sort processes by VSS.\n"
+            "    -r  Sort processes by RSS.\n"
+            "    -p  Sort processes by PSS.\n"
+            "    -u  Sort processes by USS.\n"
+            "    -s  Sort processes by swap.\n"
+            "        (Default sort order is PSS.)\n"
+            "    -a  Show all mappings, including stack, heap and anon.\n"
+            "    -P /path  Limit libraries displayed to those in path.\n"
+            "    -R  Reverse sort order (default is descending).\n"
+            "    -m [r][w][x] Only list pages that exactly match permissions\n"
+            "    -c  Only show cached (storage backed) pages\n"
+            "    -C  Only show non-cached (ram/swap backed) pages\n"
+            "    -k  Only show pages collapsed by KSM\n"
+            "    -h  Display this help screen.\n",
+            getprogname());
+    exit(exit_status);
+}
+
+static void add_mem_usage(MemUsage* to, const MemUsage& from) {
+    to->vss += from.vss;
+    to->rss += from.rss;
+    to->pss += from.pss;
+    to->uss += from.uss;
+
+    to->swap += from.swap;
+
+    to->private_clean += from.private_clean;
+    to->private_dirty += from.private_dirty;
+
+    to->shared_clean += from.shared_clean;
+    to->shared_dirty += from.shared_dirty;
+}
+
+struct ProcessRecord {
+  public:
+    ProcessRecord(pid_t pid) : pid_(-1), cmdline_("") {
+        std::string fname = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/cmdline", pid);
+        std::string cmdline;
+        if (!::android::base::ReadFileToString(fname, &cmdline)) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read cmdline from: %s\n", fname.c_str());
+            return;
+        }
+        // We deliberately don't read the proc/<pid>cmdline file directly into 'cmdline_'
+        // because of some processes showing up cmdlines that end with "0x00 0x0A 0x00"
+        // e.g. xtra-daemon, lowi-server
+        // The .c_str() assignment below then takes care of trimming the cmdline at the first
+        // 0x00. This is how original procrank worked (luckily)
+        cmdline_ = cmdline.c_str();
+        pid_ = pid;
+        usage_.clear();
+    }
+
+    ~ProcessRecord() = default;
+
+    bool valid() const { return pid_ != -1; }
+
+    // Getters
+    pid_t pid() const { return pid_; }
+    const std::string& cmdline() const { return cmdline_; }
+    const MemUsage& usage() const { return usage_; }
+
+    // Add to the usage
+    void AddUsage(const MemUsage& mem_usage) { add_mem_usage(&usage_, mem_usage); }
+
+  private:
+    pid_t pid_;
+    std::string cmdline_;
+    MemUsage usage_;
+};
+
+struct LibRecord {
+  public:
+    LibRecord(const std::string& name) : name_(name) {}
+    ~LibRecord() = default;
+
+    const std::string& name() const { return name_; }
+    const MemUsage& usage() const { return usage_; }
+    const std::vector<ProcessRecord>& processes() const { return procs_; }
+    uint64_t pss() const { return usage_.pss; }
+    void AddUsage(const ProcessRecord& proc, const MemUsage& mem_usage) {
+        auto process = std::find_if(procs_.begin(), procs_.end(),
+                                    [&](auto p) -> bool { return p.pid() == proc.pid(); });
+        if (process == procs_.end()) {
+            process = procs_.emplace(procs_.end(), proc.pid());
+        }
+        process->AddUsage(mem_usage);
+        add_mem_usage(&usage_, mem_usage);
+    }
+
+    void Sort(std::function<bool(const ProcessRecord&, const ProcessRecord&)>& sorter) {
+        std::sort(procs_.begin(), procs_.end(), sorter);
+    }
+
+  private:
+    std::string name_;
+    MemUsage usage_;
+    std::vector<ProcessRecord> procs_;
+};
+
+// List of every library / map
+static std::vector<LibRecord> g_libs;
+
+// List of library/map names that we don't want to show by default
+static const std::vector<std::string> g_blacklisted_libs = {"[heap]", "[stack]"};
+
+// Global flags affected by command line
+static uint64_t g_pgflags = 0;
+static uint64_t g_pgflags_mask = 0;
+static uint16_t g_mapflags_mask = 0;
+static bool g_all_libs = false;
+static bool g_has_swap = false;
+static bool g_reverse_sort = false;
+static std::string g_prefix_filter = "";
+
+static bool read_all_pids(std::function<bool(pid_t pid)> for_each_pid) {
+    std::unique_ptr<DIR, int (*)(DIR*)> procdir(opendir("/proc"), closedir);
+    if (!procdir) return false;
+
+    struct dirent* dir;
+    pid_t pid;
+    while ((dir = readdir(procdir.get()))) {
+        if (!::android::base::ParseInt(dir->d_name, &pid)) continue;
+        if (!for_each_pid(pid)) return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool scan_libs_per_process(pid_t pid) {
+    ProcMemInfo pmem(pid, false, g_pgflags, g_pgflags_mask);
+    const std::vector<Vma> maps = pmem.Maps();
+    if (maps.size() == 0) {
+        // nothing to do here, continue
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    ProcessRecord proc(pid);
+    if (!proc.valid()) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create process record for process: %d\n", pid);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (auto& map : maps) {
+        // skip library / map if prefix for the path doesn't match
+        if (!g_prefix_filter.empty() && !::android::base::StartsWith(map.name, g_prefix_filter)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        // Skip maps based on map permissions
+        if (g_mapflags_mask &&
+            ((map.flags & (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC)) != g_mapflags_mask)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // skip blacklisted library / map names
+        if (!g_all_libs && (std::find(g_blacklisted_libs.begin(), g_blacklisted_libs.end(),
+                                      map.name) != g_blacklisted_libs.end())) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        auto lib = std::find_if(g_libs.begin(), g_libs.end(),
+                                [&](auto l) -> bool { return map.name == l.name(); });
+        if (lib == g_libs.end()) {
+            lib = g_libs.emplace(g_libs.end(), map.name);
+        }
+
+        lib->AddUsage(proc, map.usage);
+        if (!g_has_swap && map.usage.swap) {
+            g_has_swap = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static uint16_t parse_mapflags(const char* mapflags) {
+    uint16_t ret = 0;
+    for (const char* p = mapflags; *p; p++) {
+        switch (*p) {
+            case 'r':
+                ret |= PROT_READ;
+                break;
+            case 'w':
+                ret |= PROT_WRITE;
+                break;
+            case 'x':
+                ret |= PROT_EXEC;
+                break;
+            default:
+                error(EXIT_FAILURE, 0, "Invalid permissions string: %s, %s", mapflags, p);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    int opt;
+
+    auto pss_sort = [](const ProcessRecord& a, const ProcessRecord& b) {
+        return g_reverse_sort ? a.usage().pss < b.usage().pss : a.usage().pss > b.usage().pss;
+    };
+
+    auto uss_sort = [](const ProcessRecord& a, const ProcessRecord& b) {
+        return g_reverse_sort ? a.usage().uss < b.usage().uss : a.usage().uss > b.usage().uss;
+    };
+
+    auto vss_sort = [](const ProcessRecord& a, const ProcessRecord& b) {
+        return g_reverse_sort ? a.usage().vss < b.usage().vss : a.usage().vss > b.usage().vss;
+    };
+
+    auto rss_sort = [](const ProcessRecord& a, const ProcessRecord& b) {
+        return g_reverse_sort ? a.usage().rss < b.usage().rss : a.usage().rss > b.usage().rss;
+    };
+
+    auto swap_sort = [](const ProcessRecord& a, const ProcessRecord& b) {
+        return g_reverse_sort ? a.usage().swap < b.usage().swap : a.usage().swap > b.usage().swap;
+    };
+
+    std::function<bool(const ProcessRecord&, const ProcessRecord&)> sort_func = pss_sort;
+
+    while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "acChkm:pP:uvrsR")) != -1) {
+        switch (opt) {
+            case 'a':
+                g_all_libs = true;
+                break;
+            case 'c':
+                g_pgflags = 0;
+                g_pgflags_mask = (1 << KPF_SWAPBACKED);
+                break;
+            case 'C':
+                g_pgflags = g_pgflags_mask = (1 << KPF_SWAPBACKED);
+                break;
+            case 'h':
+                usage(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+            case 'k':
+                g_pgflags = g_pgflags_mask = (1 << KPF_KSM);
+                break;
+            case 'm':
+                g_mapflags_mask = parse_mapflags(optarg);
+                break;
+            case 'p':
+                sort_func = pss_sort;
+                break;
+            case 'P':
+                g_prefix_filter = optarg;
+                break;
+            case 'u':
+                sort_func = uss_sort;
+                break;
+            case 'v':
+                sort_func = vss_sort;
+                break;
+            case 'r':
+                sort_func = rss_sort;
+                break;
+            case 's':
+                sort_func = swap_sort;
+                break;
+            case 'R':
+                g_reverse_sort = true;
+                break;
+            default:
+                usage(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!read_all_pids(scan_libs_per_process)) {
+        error(EXIT_FAILURE, 0, "Failed to read all pids from the system");
+    }
+
+    printf(" %6s   %7s   %6s   %6s   %6s  ", "RSStot", "VSS", "RSS", "PSS", "USS");
+    if (g_has_swap) {
+        printf(" %6s  ", "Swap");
+    }
+    printf("Name/PID\n");
+
+    // sort the libraries by their pss
+    std::sort(g_libs.begin(), g_libs.end(),
+              [](const LibRecord& l1, const LibRecord& l2) { return l1.pss() > l2.pss(); });
+
+    for (auto& lib : g_libs) {
+        printf("%6" PRIu64 "K   %7s   %6s   %6s   %6s  ", lib.pss() / 1024, "", "", "", "");
+        if (g_has_swap) {
+            printf(" %6s  ", "");
+        }
+        printf("%s\n", lib.name().c_str());
+
+        // sort all mappings first
+        lib.Sort(sort_func);
+
+        for (auto& p : lib.processes()) {
+            const MemUsage& usage = p.usage();
+            printf(" %6s  %7" PRIu64 "K  %6" PRIu64 "K  %6" PRIu64 "K  %6" PRIu64 "K  ", "",
+                   usage.vss / 1024, usage.rss / 1024, usage.pss / 1024, usage.uss / 1024);
+            if (g_has_swap) {
+                printf("%6" PRIu64 "K  ", usage.swap / 1024);
+            }
+            printf("  %s [%d]\n", p.cmdline().c_str(), p.pid());
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libmeminfo/tools/procmem.cpp b/libmeminfo/tools/procmem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47881ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/tools/procmem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <meminfo/procmeminfo.h>
+
+using Vma = ::android::meminfo::Vma;
+using ProcMemInfo = ::android::meminfo::ProcMemInfo;
+using MemUsage = ::android::meminfo::MemUsage;
+
+// Global flags to control procmem output
+
+// Set to use page idle bits for working set detection
+bool use_pageidle = false;
+// hides map entries with zero rss
+bool hide_zeroes = false;
+// Reset working set and exit
+bool reset_wss = false;
+// Show working set, mutually exclusive with reset_wss;
+bool show_wss = false;
+
+[[noreturn]] static void usage(int exit_status) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "Usage: %s [-i] [ -w | -W ] [ -p | -m ] [ -h ] pid\n"
+            "    -i  Uses idle page tracking for working set statistics.\n"
+            "    -w  Displays statistics for the working set only.\n"
+            "    -W  Resets the working set of the process.\n"
+            "    -p  Sort by PSS.\n"
+            "    -u  Sort by USS.\n"
+            "    -m  Sort by mapping order (as read from /proc).\n"
+            "    -h  Hide maps with no RSS.\n",
+            getprogname());
+
+    exit(exit_status);
+}
+
+static void print_separator(std::stringstream& ss) {
+    if (show_wss) {
+        ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %s\n", "-------",
+                                            "-------", "-------", "-------", "-------", "-------",
+                                            "-------", "");
+        return;
+    }
+    ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %s\n", "-------",
+                                        "-------", "-------", "-------", "-------", "-------",
+                                        "-------", "-------", "");
+}
+
+static void print_header(std::stringstream& ss) {
+    if (show_wss) {
+        ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %s\n", "WRss",
+                                            "WPss", "WUss", "WShCl", "WShDi", "WPrCl", "WPrDi",
+                                            "Name");
+    } else {
+        ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %7s  %s\n", "Vss",
+                                            "Rss", "Pss", "Uss", "ShCl", "ShDi", "PrCl", "PrDi",
+                                            "Name");
+    }
+    print_separator(ss);
+}
+
+static void print_stats(std::stringstream& ss, const MemUsage& stats) {
+    if (!show_wss) {
+        ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%6" PRIu64 "K  ", stats.vss / 1024);
+    }
+
+    ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%6" PRIu64 "K  %6" PRIu64 "K  %6" PRIu64 "K  %6" PRIu64
+                                        "K  %6" PRIu64 "K  %6" PRIu64 "K  %6" PRIu64 "K  ",
+                                        stats.rss / 1024, stats.pss / 1024, stats.uss / 1024,
+                                        stats.shared_clean / 1024, stats.shared_dirty / 1024,
+                                        stats.private_clean / 1024, stats.private_dirty / 1024);
+}
+
+static int show(const MemUsage& proc_stats, const std::vector<Vma>& maps) {
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    print_header(ss);
+    for (auto& vma : maps) {
+        const MemUsage& vma_stats = vma.usage;
+        if (hide_zeroes && vma_stats.rss == 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        print_stats(ss, vma_stats);
+        ss << vma.name << std::endl;
+    }
+    print_separator(ss);
+    print_stats(ss, proc_stats);
+    ss << "TOTAL" << std::endl;
+    std::cout << ss.str();
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    int opt;
+    auto pss_sort = [](const Vma& a, const Vma& b) {
+        uint64_t pss_a = a.usage.pss;
+        uint64_t pss_b = b.usage.pss;
+        return pss_a > pss_b;
+    };
+
+    auto uss_sort = [](const Vma& a, const Vma& b) {
+        uint64_t uss_a = a.usage.uss;
+        uint64_t uss_b = b.usage.uss;
+        return uss_a > uss_b;
+    };
+
+    std::function<bool(const Vma& a, const Vma& b)> sort_func = nullptr;
+    while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "himpuWw")) != -1) {
+        switch (opt) {
+            case 'h':
+                hide_zeroes = true;
+                break;
+            case 'i':
+                // TODO: libmeminfo doesn't support the flag to chose
+                // between idle page tracking vs clear_refs. So for now,
+                // this flag is unused and the library defaults to using
+                // /proc/<pid>/clear_refs for finding the working set.
+                use_pageidle = true;
+                break;
+            case 'm':
+                // this is the default
+                break;
+            case 'p':
+                sort_func = pss_sort;
+                break;
+            case 'u':
+                sort_func = uss_sort;
+                break;
+            case 'W':
+                reset_wss = true;
+                break;
+            case 'w':
+                show_wss = true;
+                break;
+            case '?':
+                usage(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+            default:
+                usage(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (optind != (argc - 1)) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Need exactly one pid at the end\n");
+        usage(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    pid_t pid = atoi(argv[optind]);
+    if (pid == 0) {
+        std::cerr << "Invalid process id" << std::endl;
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    if (reset_wss) {
+        if (!ProcMemInfo::ResetWorkingSet(pid)) {
+            std::cerr << "Failed to reset working set of pid : " << pid << std::endl;
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    ProcMemInfo proc(pid, show_wss);
+    const MemUsage& proc_stats = proc.Usage();
+    std::vector<Vma> maps(proc.Maps());
+    if (sort_func != nullptr) {
+        std::sort(maps.begin(), maps.end(), sort_func);
+    }
+
+    return show(proc_stats, maps);
+}
diff --git a/libmeminfo/tools/procrank.cpp b/libmeminfo/tools/procrank.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21a684c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/tools/procrank.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <linux/kernel-page-flags.h>
+#include <linux/oom.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+
+#include <meminfo/procmeminfo.h>
+#include <meminfo/sysmeminfo.h>
+
+using ::android::meminfo::MemUsage;
+using ::android::meminfo::ProcMemInfo;
+
+struct ProcessRecord {
+  public:
+    ProcessRecord(pid_t pid, bool get_wss = false, uint64_t pgflags = 0, uint64_t pgflags_mask = 0)
+        : pid_(-1),
+          procmem_(nullptr),
+          oomadj_(OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX + 1),
+          cmdline_(""),
+          proportional_swap_(0),
+          unique_swap_(0),
+          zswap_(0) {
+        std::unique_ptr<ProcMemInfo> procmem =
+                std::make_unique<ProcMemInfo>(pid, get_wss, pgflags, pgflags_mask);
+        if (procmem == nullptr) {
+            std::cerr << "Failed to create ProcMemInfo for: " << pid << std::endl;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        std::string fname = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/oom_score_adj", pid);
+        auto oomscore_fp =
+                std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)>{fopen(fname.c_str(), "re"), fclose};
+        if (oomscore_fp == nullptr) {
+            std::cerr << "Failed to open oom_score_adj file: " << fname << std::endl;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (fscanf(oomscore_fp.get(), "%d\n", &oomadj_) != 1) {
+            std::cerr << "Failed to read oomadj from: " << fname << std::endl;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        fname = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/cmdline", pid);
+        if (!::android::base::ReadFileToString(fname, &cmdline_)) {
+            std::cerr << "Failed to read cmdline from: " << fname << std::endl;
+            cmdline_ = "<unknown>";
+        }
+        // We deliberately don't read the proc/<pid>cmdline file directly into 'cmdline_'
+        // because of some processes showing up cmdlines that end with "0x00 0x0A 0x00"
+        // e.g. xtra-daemon, lowi-server
+        // The .c_str() assignment below then takes care of trimming the cmdline at the first
+        // 0x00. This is how original procrank worked (luckily)
+        cmdline_.resize(strlen(cmdline_.c_str()));
+        procmem_ = std::move(procmem);
+        pid_ = pid;
+    }
+
+    bool valid() const { return pid_ != -1; }
+
+    void CalculateSwap(const uint16_t* swap_offset_array, float zram_compression_ratio) {
+        const std::vector<uint16_t>& swp_offs = procmem_->SwapOffsets();
+        for (auto& off : swp_offs) {
+            proportional_swap_ += getpagesize() / swap_offset_array[off];
+            unique_swap_ += swap_offset_array[off] == 1 ? getpagesize() : 0;
+            zswap_ = proportional_swap_ * zram_compression_ratio;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Getters
+    pid_t pid() const { return pid_; }
+    const std::string& cmdline() const { return cmdline_; }
+    int32_t oomadj() const { return oomadj_; }
+    uint64_t proportional_swap() const { return proportional_swap_; }
+    uint64_t unique_swap() const { return unique_swap_; }
+    uint64_t zswap() const { return zswap_; }
+
+    // Wrappers to ProcMemInfo
+    const std::vector<uint16_t>& SwapOffsets() const { return procmem_->SwapOffsets(); }
+    const MemUsage& Usage() const { return procmem_->Usage(); }
+    const MemUsage& Wss() const { return procmem_->Wss(); }
+
+  private:
+    pid_t pid_;
+    std::unique_ptr<ProcMemInfo> procmem_;
+    int32_t oomadj_;
+    std::string cmdline_;
+    uint64_t proportional_swap_;
+    uint64_t unique_swap_;
+    uint64_t zswap_;
+};
+
+// Show working set instead of memory consumption
+bool show_wss = false;
+// Reset working set of each process
+bool reset_wss = false;
+// Show per-process oom_score_adj column
+bool show_oomadj = false;
+// True if the device has swap enabled
+bool has_swap = false;
+// True, if device has zram enabled
+bool has_zram = false;
+// If zram is enabled, the compression ratio is zram used / swap used.
+float zram_compression_ratio = 0.0;
+// Sort process in reverse, default is descending
+bool reverse_sort = false;
+
+// Calculated total memory usage across all processes in the system
+uint64_t total_pss = 0;
+uint64_t total_uss = 0;
+uint64_t total_swap = 0;
+uint64_t total_pswap = 0;
+uint64_t total_uswap = 0;
+uint64_t total_zswap = 0;
+
+[[noreturn]] static void usage(int exit_status) {
+    std::cerr << "Usage: " << getprogname() << " [ -W ] [ -v | -r | -p | -u | -s | -h ]"
+              << std::endl
+              << "    -v  Sort by VSS." << std::endl
+              << "    -r  Sort by RSS." << std::endl
+              << "    -p  Sort by PSS." << std::endl
+              << "    -u  Sort by USS." << std::endl
+              << "    -s  Sort by swap." << std::endl
+              << "        (Default sort order is PSS.)" << std::endl
+              << "    -R  Reverse sort order (default is descending)." << std::endl
+              << "    -c  Only show cached (storage backed) pages" << std::endl
+              << "    -C  Only show non-cached (ram/swap backed) pages" << std::endl
+              << "    -k  Only show pages collapsed by KSM" << std::endl
+              << "    -w  Display statistics for working set only." << std::endl
+              << "    -W  Reset working set of all processes." << std::endl
+              << "    -o  Show and sort by oom score against lowmemorykiller thresholds."
+              << std::endl
+              << "    -h  Display this help screen." << std::endl;
+    exit(exit_status);
+}
+
+static bool read_all_pids(std::vector<pid_t>* pids, std::function<bool(pid_t pid)> for_each_pid) {
+    pids->clear();
+    std::unique_ptr<DIR, int (*)(DIR*)> procdir(opendir("/proc"), closedir);
+    if (!procdir) return false;
+
+    struct dirent* dir;
+    pid_t pid;
+    while ((dir = readdir(procdir.get()))) {
+        if (!::android::base::ParseInt(dir->d_name, &pid)) continue;
+        if (!for_each_pid(pid)) return false;
+        pids->push_back(pid);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool count_swap_offsets(const ProcessRecord& proc, uint16_t* swap_offset_array,
+                               uint32_t size) {
+    const std::vector<uint16_t>& swp_offs = proc.SwapOffsets();
+    for (auto& off : swp_offs) {
+        if (off >= size) {
+            std::cerr << "swap offset " << off << " is out of bounds for process: " << proc.pid()
+                      << std::endl;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (swap_offset_array[off] == USHRT_MAX) {
+            std::cerr << "swap offset " << off << " ref count overflow in process: " << proc.pid()
+                      << std::endl;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        swap_offset_array[off]++;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void print_header(std::stringstream& ss) {
+    ss.str("");
+    ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%5s  ", "PID");
+    if (show_oomadj) {
+        ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%5s  ", "oom");
+    }
+
+    if (show_wss) {
+        ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%7s  %7s  %7s  ", "WRss", "WPss", "WUss");
+        // now swap statistics here, working set pages by definition shouldn't end up in swap.
+    } else {
+        ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%8s  %7s  %7s  %7s  ", "Vss", "Rss", "Pss", "Uss");
+        if (has_swap) {
+            ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%7s  %7s  %7s  ", "Swap", "PSwap", "USwap");
+            if (has_zram) {
+                ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%7s  ", "ZSwap");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    ss << "cmdline";
+}
+
+static void print_process_record(std::stringstream& ss, ProcessRecord& proc) {
+    ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%5d  ", proc.pid());
+    if (show_oomadj) {
+        ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%5d  ", proc.oomadj());
+    }
+
+    if (show_wss) {
+        ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%6" PRIu64 "K  %6" PRIu64 "K  %6" PRIu64 "K  ",
+                                            proc.Wss().rss / 1024, proc.Wss().pss / 1024,
+                                            proc.Wss().uss / 1024);
+    } else {
+        ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%7" PRIu64 "K  %6" PRIu64 "K  %6" PRIu64 "K  %6" PRIu64
+                                            "K  ",
+                                            proc.Usage().vss / 1024, proc.Usage().rss / 1024,
+                                            proc.Usage().pss / 1024, proc.Usage().uss / 1024);
+        if (has_swap) {
+            ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%6" PRIu64 "K  ", proc.Usage().swap / 1024);
+            ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%6" PRIu64 "K  ", proc.proportional_swap() / 1024);
+            ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%6" PRIu64 "K  ", proc.unique_swap() / 1024);
+            if (has_zram) {
+                ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%6" PRIu64 "K  ", (proc.zswap() / 1024));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void print_processes(std::stringstream& ss, std::vector<ProcessRecord>& procs,
+                            uint16_t* swap_offset_array) {
+    for (auto& proc : procs) {
+        total_pss += show_wss ? proc.Wss().pss : proc.Usage().pss;
+        total_uss += show_wss ? proc.Wss().uss : proc.Usage().uss;
+        if (!show_wss && has_swap) {
+            proc.CalculateSwap(swap_offset_array, zram_compression_ratio);
+            total_swap += proc.Usage().swap;
+            total_pswap += proc.proportional_swap();
+            total_uswap += proc.unique_swap();
+            if (has_zram) {
+                total_zswap += proc.zswap();
+            }
+        }
+
+        print_process_record(ss, proc);
+        ss << proc.cmdline() << std::endl;
+    }
+}
+
+static void print_separator(std::stringstream& ss) {
+    ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%5s  ", "");
+    if (show_oomadj) {
+        ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%5s  ", "");
+    }
+
+    if (show_wss) {
+        ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%7s  %7s  %7s  ", "", "------", "------");
+    } else {
+        ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%8s  %7s  %7s  %7s  ", "", "", "------", "------");
+        if (has_swap) {
+            ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%7s  %7s  %7s  ", "------", "------", "------");
+            if (has_zram) {
+                ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%7s  ", "------");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%s", "------");
+}
+
+static void print_totals(std::stringstream& ss) {
+    ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%5s  ", "");
+    if (show_oomadj) {
+        ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%5s  ", "");
+    }
+
+    if (show_wss) {
+        ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%7s  %6" PRIu64 "K  %6" PRIu64 "K  ", "",
+                                            total_pss / 1024, total_uss / 1024);
+    } else {
+        ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%8s  %7s  %6" PRIu64 "K  %6" PRIu64 "K  ", "", "",
+                                            total_pss / 1024, total_uss / 1024);
+        if (has_swap) {
+            ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%6" PRIu64 "K  ", total_swap / 1024);
+            ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%6" PRIu64 "K  ", total_pswap / 1024);
+            ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%6" PRIu64 "K  ", total_uswap / 1024);
+            if (has_zram) {
+                ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("%6" PRIu64 "K  ", total_zswap / 1024);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    ss << "TOTAL";
+}
+
+static void print_sysmeminfo(std::stringstream& ss, ::android::meminfo::SysMemInfo& smi) {
+    if (has_swap) {
+        ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf("ZRAM: %" PRIu64 "K physical used for %" PRIu64
+                                            "K in swap "
+                                            "(%" PRIu64 "K total swap)",
+                                            smi.mem_zram_kb(),
+                                            (smi.mem_swap_kb() - smi.mem_swap_free_kb()),
+                                            smi.mem_swap_kb())
+           << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    ss << ::android::base::StringPrintf(" RAM: %" PRIu64 "K total, %" PRIu64 "K free, %" PRIu64
+                                        "K buffers, "
+                                        "%" PRIu64 "K cached, %" PRIu64 "K shmem, %" PRIu64
+                                        "K slab",
+                                        smi.mem_total_kb(), smi.mem_free_kb(), smi.mem_buffers_kb(),
+                                        smi.mem_cached_kb(), smi.mem_shmem_kb(), smi.mem_slab_kb());
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    auto pss_sort = [](ProcessRecord& a, ProcessRecord& b) {
+        MemUsage stats_a = show_wss ? a.Wss() : a.Usage();
+        MemUsage stats_b = show_wss ? b.Wss() : b.Usage();
+        return reverse_sort ? stats_a.pss < stats_b.pss : stats_a.pss > stats_b.pss;
+    };
+
+    auto uss_sort = [](ProcessRecord& a, ProcessRecord& b) {
+        MemUsage stats_a = show_wss ? a.Wss() : a.Usage();
+        MemUsage stats_b = show_wss ? b.Wss() : b.Usage();
+        return reverse_sort ? stats_a.uss < stats_b.uss : stats_a.uss > stats_b.uss;
+    };
+
+    auto rss_sort = [](ProcessRecord& a, ProcessRecord& b) {
+        MemUsage stats_a = show_wss ? a.Wss() : a.Usage();
+        MemUsage stats_b = show_wss ? b.Wss() : b.Usage();
+        return reverse_sort ? stats_a.rss < stats_b.pss : stats_a.pss > stats_b.pss;
+    };
+
+    auto vss_sort = [](ProcessRecord& a, ProcessRecord& b) {
+        MemUsage stats_a = show_wss ? a.Wss() : a.Usage();
+        MemUsage stats_b = show_wss ? b.Wss() : b.Usage();
+        return reverse_sort ? stats_a.vss < stats_b.vss : stats_a.vss > stats_b.vss;
+    };
+
+    auto swap_sort = [](ProcessRecord& a, ProcessRecord& b) {
+        MemUsage stats_a = show_wss ? a.Wss() : a.Usage();
+        MemUsage stats_b = show_wss ? b.Wss() : b.Usage();
+        return reverse_sort ? stats_a.swap < stats_b.swap : stats_a.swap > stats_b.swap;
+    };
+
+    auto oomadj_sort = [](ProcessRecord& a, ProcessRecord& b) {
+        return reverse_sort ? a.oomadj() < b.oomadj() : a.oomadj() > b.oomadj();
+    };
+
+    // default PSS sort
+    std::function<bool(ProcessRecord & a, ProcessRecord & b)> proc_sort = pss_sort;
+
+    // count all pages by default
+    uint64_t pgflags = 0;
+    uint64_t pgflags_mask = 0;
+
+    int opt;
+    while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "cChkoprRsuvwW")) != -1) {
+        switch (opt) {
+            case 'c':
+                pgflags = 0;
+                pgflags_mask = (1 << KPF_SWAPBACKED);
+                break;
+            case 'C':
+                pgflags = (1 << KPF_SWAPBACKED);
+                pgflags_mask = (1 << KPF_SWAPBACKED);
+                break;
+            case 'h':
+                usage(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+            case 'k':
+                pgflags = (1 << KPF_KSM);
+                pgflags_mask = (1 << KPF_KSM);
+                break;
+            case 'o':
+                proc_sort = oomadj_sort;
+                show_oomadj = true;
+                break;
+            case 'p':
+                proc_sort = pss_sort;
+                break;
+            case 'r':
+                proc_sort = rss_sort;
+                break;
+            case 'R':
+                reverse_sort = true;
+                break;
+            case 's':
+                proc_sort = swap_sort;
+                break;
+            case 'u':
+                proc_sort = uss_sort;
+                break;
+            case 'v':
+                proc_sort = vss_sort;
+                break;
+            case 'w':
+                show_wss = true;
+                break;
+            case 'W':
+                reset_wss = true;
+                break;
+            default:
+                usage(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<pid_t> pids;
+    std::vector<ProcessRecord> procs;
+    if (reset_wss) {
+        if (!read_all_pids(&pids,
+                           [&](pid_t pid) -> bool { return ProcMemInfo::ResetWorkingSet(pid); })) {
+            std::cerr << "Failed to reset working set of all processes" << std::endl;
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        // we are done, all other options passed to procrank are ignored in the presence of '-W'
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    ::android::meminfo::SysMemInfo smi;
+    if (!smi.ReadMemInfo()) {
+        std::cerr << "Failed to get system memory info" << std::endl;
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    // Figure out swap and zram
+    uint64_t swap_total = smi.mem_swap_kb() * 1024;
+    has_swap = swap_total > 0;
+    // Allocate the swap array
+    auto swap_offset_array = std::make_unique<uint16_t[]>(swap_total / getpagesize());
+    if (has_swap) {
+        has_zram = smi.mem_zram_kb() > 0;
+        if (has_zram) {
+            zram_compression_ratio = static_cast<float>(smi.mem_zram_kb()) /
+                                     (smi.mem_swap_kb() - smi.mem_swap_free_kb());
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto mark_swap_usage = [&](pid_t pid) -> bool {
+        ProcessRecord proc(pid, show_wss, pgflags, pgflags_mask);
+        if (!proc.valid()) {
+            std::cerr << "Failed to create process record for: " << pid << std::endl;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Skip processes with no memory mappings
+        uint64_t vss = proc.Usage().vss;
+        if (vss == 0) return true;
+
+        // collect swap_offset counts from all processes in 1st pass
+        if (!show_wss && has_swap &&
+            !count_swap_offsets(proc, swap_offset_array.get(), swap_total / getpagesize())) {
+            std::cerr << "Failed to count swap offsets for process: " << pid << std::endl;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        procs.push_back(std::move(proc));
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    // Get a list of all pids currently running in the system in
+    // 1st pass through all processes. Mark each swap offset used by the process as we find them
+    // for calculating proportional swap usage later.
+    if (!read_all_pids(&pids, mark_swap_usage)) {
+        std::cerr << "Failed to read all pids from the system" << std::endl;
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    if (procs.empty()) {
+        // This would happen in corner cases where procrank is being run to find KSM usage on a
+        // system with no KSM and combined with working set determination as follows
+        //   procrank -w -u -k
+        //   procrank -w -s -k
+        //   procrank -w -o -k
+        ss << "<empty>" << std::endl << std::endl;
+        print_sysmeminfo(ss, smi);
+        ss << std::endl;
+        std::cout << ss.str();
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // Sort all process records, default is PSS descending
+    std::sort(procs.begin(), procs.end(), proc_sort);
+
+    // start dumping output in string stream
+    print_header(ss);
+    ss << std::endl;
+
+    // 2nd pass to calculate and get per process stats to add them up
+    print_processes(ss, procs, swap_offset_array.get());
+
+    // Add separator to output
+    print_separator(ss);
+    ss << std::endl;
+
+    // Add totals to output
+    print_totals(ss);
+    ss << std::endl << std::endl;
+
+    // Add system information at the end
+    print_sysmeminfo(ss, smi);
+    ss << std::endl;
+
+    // dump on the screen
+    std::cout << ss.str();
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libmeminfo/tools/showmap.cpp b/libmeminfo/tools/showmap.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a80fa76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmeminfo/tools/showmap.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <meminfo/procmeminfo.h>
+
+using ::android::meminfo::Vma;
+
+struct VmaInfo {
+    Vma vma;
+    bool is_bss;
+    uint32_t count;
+
+    VmaInfo() = default;
+    VmaInfo(const Vma& v) : vma(v), is_bss(false), count(1) {}
+    VmaInfo(const Vma& v, bool bss) : vma(v), is_bss(bss), count(1) {}
+    VmaInfo(const Vma& v, const std::string& name, bool bss) : vma(v), is_bss(bss), count(1) {
+        vma.name = name;
+    }
+};
+
+// Global options
+static std::string g_filename = "";
+static bool g_merge_by_names = false;
+static bool g_terse = false;
+static bool g_verbose = false;
+static bool g_show_addr = false;
+static bool g_quiet = false;
+static pid_t g_pid = -1;
+
+static VmaInfo g_total;
+static std::vector<VmaInfo> g_vmas;
+
+[[noreturn]] static void usage(int exit_status) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "%s [-aqtv] [-f FILE] PID\n"
+            "-a\taddresses (show virtual memory map)\n"
+            "-q\tquiet (don't show error if map could not be read)\n"
+            "-t\tterse (show only items with private pages)\n"
+            "-v\tverbose (don't coalesce maps with the same name)\n"
+            "-f\tFILE (read from input from FILE instead of PID)\n",
+            getprogname());
+
+    exit(exit_status);
+}
+
+static bool is_library(const std::string& name) {
+    return (name.size() > 4) && (name[0] == '/') && ::android::base::EndsWith(name, ".so");
+}
+
+static bool insert_before(const VmaInfo& a, const VmaInfo& b) {
+    if (g_show_addr) {
+        return (a.vma.start < b.vma.start || (a.vma.start == b.vma.start && a.vma.end < b.vma.end));
+    }
+
+    return strcmp(a.vma.name.c_str(), b.vma.name.c_str()) < 0;
+}
+
+static void collect_vma(const Vma& vma) {
+    if (g_vmas.empty()) {
+        g_vmas.emplace_back(vma);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    VmaInfo current(vma);
+    VmaInfo& last = g_vmas.back();
+    // determine if this is bss;
+    if (vma.name.empty()) {
+        if (last.vma.end == current.vma.start && is_library(last.vma.name)) {
+            current.vma.name = last.vma.name;
+            current.is_bss = true;
+        } else {
+            current.vma.name = "[anon]";
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::vector<VmaInfo>::iterator it;
+    for (it = g_vmas.begin(); it != g_vmas.end(); it++) {
+        if (g_merge_by_names && (it->vma.name == current.vma.name)) {
+            it->vma.usage.vss += current.vma.usage.vss;
+            it->vma.usage.rss += current.vma.usage.rss;
+            it->vma.usage.pss += current.vma.usage.pss;
+
+            it->vma.usage.shared_clean += current.vma.usage.shared_clean;
+            it->vma.usage.shared_dirty += current.vma.usage.shared_dirty;
+            it->vma.usage.private_clean += current.vma.usage.private_clean;
+            it->vma.usage.private_dirty += current.vma.usage.private_dirty;
+            it->vma.usage.swap += current.vma.usage.swap;
+            it->vma.usage.swap_pss += current.vma.usage.swap_pss;
+            it->is_bss &= current.is_bss;
+            it->count++;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (insert_before(current, *it)) {
+            g_vmas.insert(it, current);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (it == g_vmas.end()) {
+        g_vmas.emplace_back(current);
+    }
+}
+
+static void print_header() {
+    const char* addr1 = g_show_addr ? "           start              end " : "";
+    const char* addr2 = g_show_addr ? "            addr             addr " : "";
+
+    printf("%s virtual                     shared   shared  private  private\n", addr1);
+    printf("%s    size      RSS      PSS    clean    dirty    clean    dirty     swap  swapPSS",
+           addr2);
+    if (!g_verbose && !g_show_addr) {
+        printf("   # ");
+    }
+    printf(" object\n");
+}
+
+static void print_divider() {
+    if (g_show_addr) {
+        printf("-------- -------- ");
+    }
+    printf("-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ");
+    if (!g_verbose && !g_show_addr) {
+        printf("---- ");
+    }
+    printf("------------------------------\n");
+}
+
+static void print_vmainfo(const VmaInfo& v, bool total) {
+    if (g_show_addr) {
+        if (total) {
+            printf("                                  ");
+        } else {
+            printf("%16" PRIx64 " %16" PRIx64 " ", v.vma.start, v.vma.end);
+        }
+    }
+    printf("%8" PRIu64 " %8" PRIu64 " %8" PRIu64 " %8" PRIu64 " %8" PRIu64 " %8" PRIu64 " %8" PRIu64
+           " %8" PRIu64 " %8" PRIu64 " ",
+           v.vma.usage.vss, v.vma.usage.rss, v.vma.usage.pss, v.vma.usage.shared_clean,
+           v.vma.usage.shared_dirty, v.vma.usage.private_clean, v.vma.usage.private_dirty,
+           v.vma.usage.swap, v.vma.usage.swap_pss);
+    if (!g_verbose && !g_show_addr) {
+        printf("%4" PRIu32 " ", v.count);
+    }
+}
+
+static int showmap(void) {
+    if (!::android::meminfo::ForEachVmaFromFile(g_filename, collect_vma)) {
+        if (!g_quiet) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Failed to parse file %s\n", g_filename.c_str());
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    print_header();
+    print_divider();
+
+    for (const auto& v : g_vmas) {
+        g_total.vma.usage.vss += v.vma.usage.vss;
+        g_total.vma.usage.rss += v.vma.usage.rss;
+        g_total.vma.usage.pss += v.vma.usage.pss;
+
+        g_total.vma.usage.private_clean += v.vma.usage.private_clean;
+        g_total.vma.usage.private_dirty += v.vma.usage.private_dirty;
+        g_total.vma.usage.shared_clean += v.vma.usage.shared_clean;
+        g_total.vma.usage.shared_dirty += v.vma.usage.shared_dirty;
+
+        g_total.vma.usage.swap += v.vma.usage.swap;
+        g_total.vma.usage.swap_pss += v.vma.usage.swap_pss;
+        g_total.count += v.count;
+
+        if (g_terse && !(v.vma.usage.private_dirty || v.vma.usage.private_clean)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        print_vmainfo(v, false);
+        printf("%s%s\n", v.vma.name.c_str(), v.is_bss ? " [bss]" : "");
+    }
+
+    print_divider();
+    print_header();
+    print_divider();
+
+    print_vmainfo(g_total, true);
+    printf("TOTAL\n");
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
+    signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+    struct option longopts[] = {
+            {"help", no_argument, nullptr, 'h'},
+            {0, 0, nullptr, 0},
+    };
+
+    int opt;
+    while ((opt = getopt_long(argc, argv, "tvaqf:h", longopts, nullptr)) != -1) {
+        switch (opt) {
+            case 't':
+                g_terse = true;
+                break;
+            case 'a':
+                g_show_addr = true;
+                break;
+            case 'v':
+                g_verbose = true;
+                break;
+            case 'q':
+                g_quiet = true;
+                break;
+            case 'f':
+                g_filename = optarg;
+                break;
+            case 'h':
+                usage(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+            default:
+                usage(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (g_filename.empty()) {
+        if ((argc - 1) < optind) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Invalid arguments: Must provide <pid> at the end\n");
+            usage(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+
+        g_pid = atoi(argv[optind]);
+        if (g_pid <= 0) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Invalid process id %s\n", argv[optind]);
+            usage(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+
+        g_filename = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/smaps", g_pid);
+    }
+
+    g_merge_by_names = !g_verbose && !g_show_addr;
+    return showmap();
+}
diff --git a/libmemtrack/.clang-format b/libmemtrack/.clang-format
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..1af4f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmemtrack/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../.clang-format-4
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libmemtrack/Android.bp b/libmemtrack/Android.bp
index 0955633..4e4554a 100644
--- a/libmemtrack/Android.bp
+++ b/libmemtrack/Android.bp
@@ -28,10 +28,11 @@
 
 cc_binary {
     name: "memtrack_test",
-    srcs: ["memtrack_test.c"],
+    srcs: ["memtrack_test.cpp"],
+    static_libs: ["libc++fs"],
     shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
         "libmemtrack",
-        "libpagemap",
     ],
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
diff --git a/libmemtrack/memtrack_test.c b/libmemtrack/memtrack_test.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 77c935e..0000000
--- a/libmemtrack/memtrack_test.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,139 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#include <memtrack/memtrack.h>
-
-#include <pagemap/pagemap.h>
-
-#define DIV_ROUND_UP(x,y) (((x) + (y) - 1) / (y))
-
-static int getprocname(pid_t pid, char *buf, int len) {
-    char *filename;
-    FILE *f;
-    int rc = 0;
-    static const char* unknown_cmdline = "<unknown>";
-
-    if (len <= 0) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (asprintf(&filename, "/proc/%d/cmdline", pid) < 0) {
-        rc = 1;
-        goto exit;
-    }
-
-    f = fopen(filename, "r");
-    if (f == NULL) {
-        rc = 2;
-        goto releasefilename;
-    }
-
-    if (fgets(buf, len, f) == NULL) {
-        rc = 3;
-        goto closefile;
-    }
-
-closefile:
-    (void) fclose(f);
-releasefilename:
-    free(filename);
-exit:
-    if (rc != 0) {
-        /*
-         * The process went away before we could read its process name. Try
-         * to give the user "<unknown>" here, but otherwise they get to look
-         * at a blank.
-         */
-        if (strlcpy(buf, unknown_cmdline, (size_t)len) >= (size_t)len) {
-            rc = 4;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return rc;
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
-{
-    int ret;
-    pm_kernel_t *ker;
-    size_t num_procs;
-    pid_t *pids;
-    struct memtrack_proc *p;
-    size_t i;
-
-    (void)argc;
-    (void)argv;
-
-    ret = pm_kernel_create(&ker);
-    if (ret) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error creating kernel interface -- "
-                        "does this kernel have pagemap?\n");
-        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    }
-
-    ret = pm_kernel_pids(ker, &pids, &num_procs);
-    if (ret) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "Error listing processes.\n");
-        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    }
-
-    p = memtrack_proc_new();
-    if (ret) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "failed to create memtrack process handle\n");
-        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-    }
-
-    for (i = 0; i < num_procs; i++) {
-        pid_t pid = pids[i];
-        char cmdline[256];
-        size_t v1;
-        size_t v2;
-        size_t v3;
-        size_t v4;
-        size_t v5;
-        size_t v6;
-
-        getprocname(pid, cmdline, (int)sizeof(cmdline));
-
-        ret = memtrack_proc_get(p, pid);
-        if (ret) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "failed to get memory info for pid %d: %s (%d)\n",
-                    pid, strerror(-ret), ret);
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        v1 = DIV_ROUND_UP(memtrack_proc_graphics_total(p), 1024);
-        v2 = DIV_ROUND_UP(memtrack_proc_graphics_pss(p), 1024);
-        v3 = DIV_ROUND_UP(memtrack_proc_gl_total(p), 1024);
-        v4 = DIV_ROUND_UP(memtrack_proc_gl_pss(p), 1024);
-        v5 = DIV_ROUND_UP(memtrack_proc_other_total(p), 1024);
-        v6 = DIV_ROUND_UP(memtrack_proc_other_pss(p), 1024);
-
-        if (v1 | v2 | v3 | v4 | v5 | v6) {
-            printf("%5d %6zu %6zu %6zu %6zu %6zu %6zu %s\n", pid,
-                   v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6, cmdline);
-        }
-    }
-
-    memtrack_proc_destroy(p);
-
-    return 0;
-}
diff --git a/libmemtrack/memtrack_test.cpp b/libmemtrack/memtrack_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aeeaf24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libmemtrack/memtrack_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/parseint.h>
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <memtrack/memtrack.h>
+
+#define DIV_ROUND_UP(x, y) (((x) + (y)-1) / (y))
+
+static void getprocname(pid_t pid, std::string* name) {
+    std::string fname = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/cmdline", pid);
+    if (!::android::base::ReadFileToString(fname, name)) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to read cmdline from: %s\n", fname.c_str());
+        *name = "<unknown>";
+    }
+}
+
+int main(int /* argc */, char** /* argv */) {
+    int ret;
+    struct memtrack_proc* p;
+    std::vector<pid_t> pids;
+
+    p = memtrack_proc_new();
+    if (p == nullptr) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "failed to create memtrack process handle\n");
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    for (auto& de : std::filesystem::directory_iterator("/proc")) {
+        if (!std::filesystem::is_directory(de.status())) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        pid_t pid;
+        if (!::android::base::ParseInt(de.path().filename().string(), &pid)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        pids.emplace_back(pid);
+    }
+
+    for (auto& pid : pids) {
+        size_t v1;
+        size_t v2;
+        size_t v3;
+        size_t v4;
+        size_t v5;
+        size_t v6;
+        std::string cmdline;
+
+        getprocname(pid, &cmdline);
+
+        ret = memtrack_proc_get(p, pid);
+        if (ret) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "failed to get memory info for pid %d: %s (%d)\n", pid, strerror(-ret),
+                    ret);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        v1 = DIV_ROUND_UP(memtrack_proc_graphics_total(p), 1024);
+        v2 = DIV_ROUND_UP(memtrack_proc_graphics_pss(p), 1024);
+        v3 = DIV_ROUND_UP(memtrack_proc_gl_total(p), 1024);
+        v4 = DIV_ROUND_UP(memtrack_proc_gl_pss(p), 1024);
+        v5 = DIV_ROUND_UP(memtrack_proc_other_total(p), 1024);
+        v6 = DIV_ROUND_UP(memtrack_proc_other_pss(p), 1024);
+
+        if (v1 | v2 | v3 | v4 | v5 | v6) {
+            fprintf(stdout, "%5d %6zu %6zu %6zu %6zu %6zu %6zu %s\n", pid, v1, v2, v3, v4, v5, v6,
+                    cmdline.c_str());
+        }
+    }
+
+    memtrack_proc_destroy(p);
+
+    return ret;
+}
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/Android.bp b/libmemunreachable/Android.bp
index 248a9d2..b78a4c4 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/Android.bp
+++ b/libmemunreachable/Android.bp
@@ -46,12 +46,6 @@
             static_libs: ["libunwind_llvm"],
         },
     },
-
-    // TODO(b/78118944), clang lld link flags do not work with special link
-    // rules for libunwind_llvm yet. Linked aosp_arm-eng image failed to
-    // boot up in the emulator.
-    use_clang_lld: false,
-
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     local_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.cpp b/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.cpp
index 2403ad0..89837f7 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.cpp
+++ b/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,13 @@
     end = begin + 1;
   }
   Range range{begin, end};
+  if (valid_mappings_range_.end != 0 &&
+      (begin < valid_mappings_range_.begin || end > valid_mappings_range_.end)) {
+    MEM_LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("allocation %p-%p is outside mapping range %p-%p",
+                         reinterpret_cast<void*>(begin), reinterpret_cast<void*>(end),
+                         reinterpret_cast<void*>(valid_mappings_range_.begin),
+                         reinterpret_cast<void*>(valid_mappings_range_.end));
+  }
   auto inserted = allocations_.insert(std::pair<Range, AllocationInfo>(range, AllocationInfo{}));
   if (inserted.second) {
     valid_allocations_range_.begin = std::min(valid_allocations_range_.begin, begin);
@@ -76,15 +83,22 @@
     Range range = to_do.back();
     to_do.pop_back();
 
+    walking_range_ = range;
     ForEachPtrInRange(range, [&](Range& ref_range, AllocationInfo* ref_info) {
       if (!ref_info->referenced_from_root) {
         ref_info->referenced_from_root = true;
         to_do.push_back(ref_range);
       }
     });
+    walking_range_ = Range{0, 0};
   }
 }
 
+void HeapWalker::Mapping(uintptr_t begin, uintptr_t end) {
+  valid_mappings_range_.begin = std::min(valid_mappings_range_.begin, begin);
+  valid_mappings_range_.end = std::max(valid_mappings_range_.end, end);
+}
+
 void HeapWalker::Root(uintptr_t begin, uintptr_t end) {
   roots_.push_back(Range{begin, end});
 }
@@ -113,6 +127,10 @@
 
   RecurseRoot(vals);
 
+  if (segv_page_count_ > 0) {
+    MEM_ALOGE("%zu pages skipped due to segfaults", segv_page_count_);
+  }
+
   return true;
 }
 
@@ -168,7 +186,15 @@
     handler.reset();
     return;
   }
-  MEM_ALOGW("failed to read page at %p, signal %d", si->si_addr, signal);
+  if (!segv_logged_) {
+    MEM_ALOGW("failed to read page at %p, signal %d", si->si_addr, signal);
+    if (walking_range_.begin != 0U) {
+      MEM_ALOGW("while walking range %p-%p", reinterpret_cast<void*>(walking_range_.begin),
+                reinterpret_cast<void*>(walking_range_.end));
+    }
+    segv_logged_ = true;
+  }
+  segv_page_count_++;
   if (!MapOverPage(si->si_addr)) {
     handler.reset();
   }
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.h b/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.h
index 5c7ec13..9e3db08 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.h
+++ b/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.h
@@ -52,10 +52,15 @@
         allocation_bytes_(0),
         roots_(allocator),
         root_vals_(allocator),
-        segv_handler_(allocator),
-        walking_ptr_(0) {
+        segv_handler_(),
+        walking_ptr_(0),
+        walking_range_{0, 0},
+        segv_logged_(false),
+        segv_page_count_(0) {
     valid_allocations_range_.end = 0;
     valid_allocations_range_.begin = ~valid_allocations_range_.end;
+    valid_mappings_range_.end = 0;
+    valid_mappings_range_.begin = ~valid_allocations_range_.end;
 
     segv_handler_.install(
         SIGSEGV, [=](ScopedSignalHandler& handler, int signal, siginfo_t* siginfo, void* uctx) {
@@ -65,6 +70,7 @@
 
   ~HeapWalker() {}
   bool Allocation(uintptr_t begin, uintptr_t end);
+  void Mapping(uintptr_t begin, uintptr_t end);
   void Root(uintptr_t begin, uintptr_t end);
   void Root(const allocator::vector<uintptr_t>& vals);
 
@@ -95,12 +101,16 @@
   AllocationMap allocations_;
   size_t allocation_bytes_;
   Range valid_allocations_range_;
+  Range valid_mappings_range_;
 
   allocator::vector<Range> roots_;
   allocator::vector<uintptr_t> root_vals_;
 
   ScopedSignalHandler segv_handler_;
-  uintptr_t walking_ptr_;
+  volatile uintptr_t walking_ptr_;
+  Range walking_range_;
+  bool segv_logged_;
+  size_t segv_page_count_;
 };
 
 template <class F>
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/LeakFolding.cpp b/libmemunreachable/LeakFolding.cpp
index 69f320c..074dc48 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/LeakFolding.cpp
+++ b/libmemunreachable/LeakFolding.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 }
 
 void LeakFolding::AccumulateLeaks(SCCInfo* dominator) {
-  std::function<void(SCCInfo*)> walk(std::allocator_arg, allocator_, [&](SCCInfo* scc) {
+  std::function<void(SCCInfo*)> walk([&](SCCInfo* scc) {
     if (scc->accumulator != dominator) {
       scc->accumulator = dominator;
       dominator->cuumulative_size += scc->size;
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/MemUnreachable.cpp b/libmemunreachable/MemUnreachable.cpp
index b160de9..3d7b8a8 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/MemUnreachable.cpp
+++ b/libmemunreachable/MemUnreachable.cpp
@@ -87,6 +87,11 @@
                                         const allocator::vector<Mapping>& mappings,
                                         const allocator::vector<uintptr_t>& refs) {
   MEM_ALOGI("searching process %d for allocations", pid_);
+
+  for (auto it = mappings.begin(); it != mappings.end(); it++) {
+    heap_walker_.Mapping(it->begin, it->end);
+  }
+
   allocator::vector<Mapping> heap_mappings{mappings};
   allocator::vector<Mapping> anon_mappings{mappings};
   allocator::vector<Mapping> globals_mappings{mappings};
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/ScopedPipe.h b/libmemunreachable/ScopedPipe.h
index adabfd8..b9dead5 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/ScopedPipe.h
+++ b/libmemunreachable/ScopedPipe.h
@@ -33,12 +33,12 @@
   }
   ~ScopedPipe() { Close(); }
 
-  ScopedPipe(ScopedPipe&& other) {
+  ScopedPipe(ScopedPipe&& other) noexcept {
     SetReceiver(other.ReleaseReceiver());
     SetSender(other.ReleaseSender());
   }
 
-  ScopedPipe& operator=(ScopedPipe&& other) {
+  ScopedPipe& operator=(ScopedPipe&& other) noexcept {
     SetReceiver(other.ReleaseReceiver());
     SetSender(other.ReleaseSender());
     return *this;
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/ScopedSignalHandler.h b/libmemunreachable/ScopedSignalHandler.h
index ff53fad..9e08a8e 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/ScopedSignalHandler.h
+++ b/libmemunreachable/ScopedSignalHandler.h
@@ -32,15 +32,14 @@
  public:
   using Fn = std::function<void(ScopedSignalHandler&, int, siginfo_t*, void*)>;
 
-  explicit ScopedSignalHandler(Allocator<Fn> allocator) : allocator_(allocator), signal_(-1) {}
+  explicit ScopedSignalHandler() : signal_(-1) {}
   ~ScopedSignalHandler() { reset(); }
 
   template <class F>
   void install(int signal, F&& f) {
     if (signal_ != -1) MEM_LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("ScopedSignalHandler already installed");
 
-    handler_ = SignalFn(std::allocator_arg, allocator_,
-                        [=](int signal, siginfo_t* si, void* uctx) { f(*this, signal, si, uctx); });
+    handler_ = SignalFn([=](int signal, siginfo_t* si, void* uctx) { f(*this, signal, si, uctx); });
 
     struct sigaction act {};
     act.sa_sigaction = [](int signal, siginfo_t* si, void* uctx) { handler_(signal, si, uctx); };
@@ -68,7 +67,6 @@
  private:
   using SignalFn = std::function<void(int, siginfo_t*, void*)>;
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ScopedSignalHandler);
-  Allocator<Fn> allocator_;
   int signal_;
   struct sigaction old_act_;
   // TODO(ccross): to support multiple ScopedSignalHandlers handler_ would need
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/Tarjan.h b/libmemunreachable/Tarjan.h
index 355679f..f3ab652 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/Tarjan.h
+++ b/libmemunreachable/Tarjan.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 
   Node(T* ptr, Allocator<Node> allocator)
       : references_in(allocator), references_out(allocator), ptr(ptr){};
-  Node(Node&& rhs) = default;
+  Node(Node&& rhs) noexcept = default;
   void Edge(Node<T>* ref) {
     references_out.emplace(ref);
     ref->references_in.emplace(this);
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/tests/HeapWalker_test.cpp b/libmemunreachable/tests/HeapWalker_test.cpp
index 84a0ec6..9610cd6 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/tests/HeapWalker_test.cpp
+++ b/libmemunreachable/tests/HeapWalker_test.cpp
@@ -73,6 +73,24 @@
   ASSERT_FALSE(heap_walker.Allocation(2, 3));
 }
 
+TEST_F(HeapWalkerTest, mapping) {
+  HeapWalker heap_walker(heap_);
+  heap_walker.Mapping(2, 3);
+  heap_walker.Mapping(4, 5);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(heap_walker.Allocation(2, 3));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(heap_walker.Allocation(4, 5));
+  // space between mappings is not checked, but could be in the future
+  ASSERT_TRUE(heap_walker.Allocation(3, 4));
+
+  // re-enable malloc, ASSERT_DEATH may allocate
+  disable_malloc_.Enable();
+  ASSERT_DEATH({ heap_walker.Allocation(1, 2); }, "0x1-0x2.*outside.*0x2-0x5");
+  ASSERT_DEATH({ heap_walker.Allocation(1, 3); }, "0x1-0x3.*outside.*0x2-0x5");
+  ASSERT_DEATH({ heap_walker.Allocation(4, 6); }, "0x4-0x6.*outside.*0x2-0x5");
+  ASSERT_DEATH({ heap_walker.Allocation(5, 6); }, "0x5-0x6.*outside.*0x2-0x5");
+  ASSERT_DEATH({ heap_walker.Allocation(1, 6); }, "0x1-0x6.*outside.*0x2-0x5");
+}
+
 #define buffer_begin(buffer) reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(buffer)
 #define buffer_end(buffer) (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(buffer) + sizeof(buffer))
 
diff --git a/libmetricslogger/Android.bp b/libmetricslogger/Android.bp
index e6e17ce..7d7554b 100644
--- a/libmetricslogger/Android.bp
+++ b/libmetricslogger/Android.bp
@@ -11,7 +11,11 @@
 
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     local_include_dirs: ["include"],
-    shared_libs: ["liblog"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "liblog",
+        "libstatssocket",
+    ],
     whole_static_libs: ["libgtest_prod"],
 
     cflags: [
@@ -23,17 +27,11 @@
 
 // metricslogger shared library
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-cc_library_shared {
+cc_library {
     name: "libmetricslogger",
     srcs: metricslogger_lib_src_files,
     defaults: ["metricslogger_defaults"],
-}
-
-// static version of libmetricslogger, needed by a few art static binaries
-cc_library_static {
-    name: "libmetricslogger_static",
-    srcs: metricslogger_lib_src_files,
-    defaults: ["metricslogger_defaults"],
+    export_shared_lib_headers: ["libstatssocket"],
 }
 
 // metricslogger shared library, debug
@@ -54,12 +52,12 @@
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 cc_test {
     name: "metricslogger_tests",
+    isolated: true,
     defaults: ["metricslogger_defaults"],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "libmetricslogger_debug",
     ],
-    static_libs: ["libBionicGtestMain"],
     srcs: [
         "metrics_logger_test.cpp",
     ],
diff --git a/libmetricslogger/include/metricslogger/metrics_logger.h b/libmetricslogger/include/metricslogger/metrics_logger.h
index c305db2..71c04a6 100644
--- a/libmetricslogger/include/metricslogger/metrics_logger.h
+++ b/libmetricslogger/include/metricslogger/metrics_logger.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <log/log_event_list.h>
+#include <stats_event_list.h>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <string>
 
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@
 class ComplexEventLogger {
   private:
     android_log_event_list logger;
+    stats_event_list stats_logger;
 
   public:
     // Create a complex event with category|category|.
@@ -114,7 +116,7 @@
     FIELD_BATTERY_RESISTANCE_UOHMS = 1448,
     FIELD_BATTERY_CURRENT_UA = 1449,
     FIELD_HARDWARE_LOCATION = 1450,
-    ACTION_BATTERY_CAUSED_SHUTDOWN = 1441,
+    ACTION_BATTERY_CAUSED_SHUTDOWN = 1451,
 };
 
 enum {
diff --git a/libmetricslogger/metrics_logger.cpp b/libmetricslogger/metrics_logger.cpp
index 6a32153..2a1b137 100644
--- a/libmetricslogger/metrics_logger.cpp
+++ b/libmetricslogger/metrics_logger.cpp
@@ -18,11 +18,15 @@
 
 #include <cstdlib>
 
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <log/event_tag_map.h>
-#include <log/log_event_list.h>
+
+using namespace android;
 
 namespace {
 
+const static int kStatsEventTag = 1937006964;
+const static int kKeyValuePairAtomId = 83;
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
 EventTagMap* kEventTagMap = android_openEventTagMap(nullptr);
 const int kSysuiMultiActionTag = android_lookupEventTagNum(
@@ -32,6 +36,12 @@
 const int kSysuiMultiActionTag = 0;
 #endif
 
+int64_t getElapsedTimeNanoSinceBoot() {
+    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(
+                   android::base::boot_clock::now().time_since_epoch())
+            .count();
+}
+
 }  // namespace
 
 namespace android {
@@ -42,6 +52,12 @@
     android_log_event_list log(kSysuiMultiActionTag);
     log << LOGBUILDER_CATEGORY << LOGBUILDER_HISTOGRAM << LOGBUILDER_NAME << event
         << LOGBUILDER_BUCKET << data << LOGBUILDER_VALUE << 1 << LOG_ID_EVENTS;
+
+    stats_event_list stats_log(kStatsEventTag);
+    stats_log << getElapsedTimeNanoSinceBoot() << kKeyValuePairAtomId << LOGBUILDER_CATEGORY
+              << LOGBUILDER_HISTOGRAM << LOGBUILDER_NAME << event << LOGBUILDER_BUCKET << data
+              << LOGBUILDER_VALUE << 1;
+    stats_log.write(LOG_ID_STATS);
 }
 
 // Mirror com.android.internal.logging.MetricsLogger#count().
@@ -49,6 +65,11 @@
     android_log_event_list log(kSysuiMultiActionTag);
     log << LOGBUILDER_CATEGORY << LOGBUILDER_COUNTER << LOGBUILDER_NAME << name << LOGBUILDER_VALUE
         << val << LOG_ID_EVENTS;
+
+    stats_event_list stats_log(kStatsEventTag);
+    stats_log << getElapsedTimeNanoSinceBoot() << kKeyValuePairAtomId << LOGBUILDER_CATEGORY
+              << LOGBUILDER_COUNTER << LOGBUILDER_NAME << name << LOGBUILDER_VALUE << val;
+    stats_log.write(LOG_ID_STATS);
 }
 
 // Mirror com.android.internal.logging.MetricsLogger#action().
@@ -56,34 +77,48 @@
     android_log_event_list log(kSysuiMultiActionTag);
     log << LOGBUILDER_CATEGORY << category << LOGBUILDER_TYPE << TYPE_ACTION
         << field << value << LOG_ID_EVENTS;
+
+    stats_event_list stats_log(kStatsEventTag);
+    stats_log << getElapsedTimeNanoSinceBoot() << kKeyValuePairAtomId << LOGBUILDER_CATEGORY
+              << category << LOGBUILDER_TYPE << TYPE_ACTION << field << value;
+    stats_log.write(LOG_ID_STATS);
 }
 
-ComplexEventLogger::ComplexEventLogger(int category) : logger(kSysuiMultiActionTag) {
+ComplexEventLogger::ComplexEventLogger(int category)
+    : logger(kSysuiMultiActionTag), stats_logger(kStatsEventTag) {
     logger << LOGBUILDER_CATEGORY << category;
+    stats_logger << getElapsedTimeNanoSinceBoot() << kKeyValuePairAtomId << LOGBUILDER_CATEGORY
+                 << category;
 }
 
 void ComplexEventLogger::SetPackageName(const std::string& package_name) {
     logger << LOGBUILDER_PACKAGENAME << package_name;
+    stats_logger << LOGBUILDER_PACKAGENAME << package_name;
 }
 
 void ComplexEventLogger::AddTaggedData(int tag, int32_t value) {
     logger << tag << value;
+    stats_logger << tag << value;
 }
 
 void ComplexEventLogger::AddTaggedData(int tag, const std::string& value) {
     logger << tag << value;
+    stats_logger << tag << value;
 }
 
 void ComplexEventLogger::AddTaggedData(int tag, int64_t value) {
     logger << tag << value;
+    stats_logger << tag << value;
 }
 
 void ComplexEventLogger::AddTaggedData(int tag, float value) {
     logger << tag << value;
+    stats_logger << tag << value;
 }
 
 void ComplexEventLogger::Record() {
     logger << LOG_ID_EVENTS;
+    stats_logger.write(LOG_ID_STATS);
 }
 
 }  // namespace metricslogger
diff --git a/libnativebridge/Android.bp b/libnativebridge/Android.bp
index 6e63b74..c54570e 100644
--- a/libnativebridge/Android.bp
+++ b/libnativebridge/Android.bp
@@ -10,11 +10,27 @@
 
     host_supported: true,
     srcs: ["native_bridge.cc"],
+    header_libs: [
+        "libbase_headers",
+    ],
     shared_libs: [
         "liblog",
-        "libbase",
     ],
 
+    target: {
+        android: {
+            version_script: "libnativebridge.map.txt",
+        },
+        linux: {
+            version_script: "libnativebridge.map.txt",
+        },
+    },
+
+    stubs: {
+        symbol_file: "libnativebridge.map.txt",
+        versions: ["1"],
+    },
+
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 
     cflags: [
diff --git a/libnativebridge/Android.mk b/libnativebridge/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 3887b1b..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-
-include $(LOCAL_PATH)/tests/Android.mk
diff --git a/libnativebridge/OWNERS b/libnativebridge/OWNERS
index f2cc942..6f0824b 100644
--- a/libnativebridge/OWNERS
+++ b/libnativebridge/OWNERS
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 dimitry@google.com
+eaeltsin@google.com
diff --git a/libnativebridge/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h b/libnativebridge/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h
index 9bfc935..5aea967 100644
--- a/libnativebridge/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h
+++ b/libnativebridge/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h
@@ -17,12 +17,17 @@
 #ifndef NATIVE_BRIDGE_H_
 #define NATIVE_BRIDGE_H_
 
-#include "jni.h"
 #include <signal.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include "jni.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
 namespace android {
+extern "C" {
+#endif  // __cplusplus
 
 struct NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks;
 struct NativeBridgeRuntimeValues;
@@ -32,11 +37,10 @@
 // to the chain.
 typedef bool (*NativeBridgeSignalHandlerFn)(int, siginfo_t*, void*);
 
-
 // Open the native bridge, if any. Should be called by Runtime::Init(). A null library filename
 // signals that we do not want to load a native bridge.
 bool LoadNativeBridge(const char* native_bridge_library_filename,
-                      const NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks* runtime_callbacks);
+                      const struct NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks* runtime_callbacks);
 
 // Quick check whether a native bridge will be needed. This is based off of the instruction set
 // of the process.
@@ -99,7 +103,7 @@
 bool NativeBridgeNameAcceptable(const char* native_bridge_library_filename);
 
 // Decrements the reference count on the dynamic library handler. If the reference count drops
-// to zero then the dynamic library is unloaded.
+// to zero then the dynamic library is unloaded. Returns 0 on success and non-zero on error.
 int NativeBridgeUnloadLibrary(void* handle);
 
 // Get last error message of native bridge when fail to load library or search symbol.
@@ -138,19 +142,17 @@
 //
 // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
 // Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
-native_bridge_namespace_t* NativeBridgeCreateNamespace(const char* name,
-                                                       const char* ld_library_path,
-                                                       const char* default_library_path,
-                                                       uint64_t type,
-                                                       const char* permitted_when_isolated_path,
-                                                       native_bridge_namespace_t* parent_ns);
+struct native_bridge_namespace_t* NativeBridgeCreateNamespace(
+    const char* name, const char* ld_library_path, const char* default_library_path, uint64_t type,
+    const char* permitted_when_isolated_path, struct native_bridge_namespace_t* parent_ns);
 
 // Creates a link which shares some libraries from one namespace to another.
 // NativeBridge's peer of android_link_namespaces() of dynamic linker.
 //
 // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
 // Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
-bool NativeBridgeLinkNamespaces(native_bridge_namespace_t* from, native_bridge_namespace_t* to,
+bool NativeBridgeLinkNamespaces(struct native_bridge_namespace_t* from,
+                                struct native_bridge_namespace_t* to,
                                 const char* shared_libs_sonames);
 
 // Load a shared library with namespace key that is supported by the native bridge.
@@ -159,10 +161,11 @@
 //
 // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
 // Use NativeBridgeLoadLibrary() instead in non-namespace scenario.
-void* NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt(const char* libpath, int flag, native_bridge_namespace_t* ns);
+void* NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt(const char* libpath, int flag,
+                                 struct native_bridge_namespace_t* ns);
 
 // Returns vendor namespace if it is enabled for the device and null otherwise
-native_bridge_namespace_t* NativeBridgeGetVendorNamespace();
+struct native_bridge_namespace_t* NativeBridgeGetVendorNamespace();
 
 // Native bridge interfaces to runtime.
 struct NativeBridgeCallbacks {
@@ -177,8 +180,8 @@
   //   runtime_cbs [IN] the pointer to NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks.
   // Returns:
   //   true if initialization was successful.
-  bool (*initialize)(const NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks* runtime_cbs, const char* private_dir,
-                     const char* instruction_set);
+  bool (*initialize)(const struct NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks* runtime_cbs,
+                     const char* private_dir, const char* instruction_set);
 
   // Load a shared library that is supported by the native bridge.
   //
@@ -314,12 +317,12 @@
   //
   // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
   // Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
-  native_bridge_namespace_t* (*createNamespace)(const char* name,
-                                                const char* ld_library_path,
-                                                const char* default_library_path,
-                                                uint64_t type,
-                                                const char* permitted_when_isolated_path,
-                                                native_bridge_namespace_t* parent_ns);
+  struct native_bridge_namespace_t* (*createNamespace)(const char* name,
+                                                       const char* ld_library_path,
+                                                       const char* default_library_path,
+                                                       uint64_t type,
+                                                       const char* permitted_when_isolated_path,
+                                                       struct native_bridge_namespace_t* parent_ns);
 
   // Creates a link which shares some libraries from one namespace to another.
   // NativeBridge's peer of android_link_namespaces() of dynamic linker.
@@ -334,8 +337,8 @@
   //
   // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
   // Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
-  bool (*linkNamespaces)(native_bridge_namespace_t* from, native_bridge_namespace_t* to,
-                         const char* shared_libs_sonames);
+  bool (*linkNamespaces)(struct native_bridge_namespace_t* from,
+                         struct native_bridge_namespace_t* to, const char* shared_libs_sonames);
 
   // Load a shared library within a namespace.
   // NativeBridge's peer of android_dlopen_ext() of dynamic linker, only supports namespace
@@ -350,7 +353,7 @@
   //
   // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
   // Use loadLibrary instead in non-namespace scenario.
-  void* (*loadLibraryExt)(const char* libpath, int flag, native_bridge_namespace_t* ns);
+  void* (*loadLibraryExt)(const char* libpath, int flag, struct native_bridge_namespace_t* ns);
 
   // Get native bridge version of vendor namespace.
   // The vendor namespace is the namespace used to load vendor public libraries.
@@ -359,7 +362,7 @@
   //
   // Returns:
   //   vendor namespace or null if it was not set up for the device
-  native_bridge_namespace_t* (*getVendorNamespace)();
+  struct native_bridge_namespace_t* (*getVendorNamespace)();
 };
 
 // Runtime interfaces to native bridge.
@@ -396,6 +399,9 @@
                                uint32_t method_count);
 };
 
-};  // namespace android
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  // extern "C"
+}  // namespace android
+#endif  // __cplusplus
 
 #endif  // NATIVE_BRIDGE_H_
diff --git a/libnativebridge/libnativebridge.map.txt b/libnativebridge/libnativebridge.map.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a616b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libnativebridge/libnativebridge.map.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+# TODO(b/122710865): Most of these uses come from libnativeloader, which should be bundled
+# together with libnativebridge in the APEX. Once this happens, prune this list.
+LIBNATIVEBRIDGE_1 {
+  global:
+    NativeBridgeIsSupported;
+    NativeBridgeLoadLibrary;
+    NativeBridgeUnloadLibrary;
+    NativeBridgeGetError;
+    NativeBridgeIsPathSupported;
+    NativeBridgeCreateNamespace;
+    NativeBridgeGetVendorNamespace;
+    NativeBridgeLinkNamespaces;
+    NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt;
+    NativeBridgeInitAnonymousNamespace;
+    NativeBridgeInitialized;
+    NativeBridgeGetTrampoline;
+    LoadNativeBridge;
+    PreInitializeNativeBridge;
+    InitializeNativeBridge;
+    NativeBridgeGetVersion;
+    NativeBridgeGetSignalHandler;
+    UnloadNativeBridge;
+    NativeBridgeAvailable;
+    NeedsNativeBridge;
+    NativeBridgeError;
+    NativeBridgeNameAcceptable;
+  local:
+    *;
+};
diff --git a/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc b/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc
index e24307a..a2d8d81 100644
--- a/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc
+++ b/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc
@@ -33,6 +33,13 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+template <typename T>
+void UNUSED(const T&) {}
+#endif
+
+extern "C" {
+
 // Environment values required by the apps running with native bridge.
 struct NativeBridgeRuntimeValues {
     const char* os_arch;
@@ -252,10 +259,6 @@
   return strncmp(instruction_set, ABI_STRING, strlen(ABI_STRING) + 1) != 0;
 }
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-template<typename T> void UNUSED(const T&) {}
-#endif
-
 bool PreInitializeNativeBridge(const char* app_data_dir_in, const char* instruction_set) {
   if (state != NativeBridgeState::kOpened) {
     ALOGE("Invalid state: native bridge is expected to be opened.");
@@ -626,4 +629,6 @@
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-};  // namespace android
+}  // extern "C"
+
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/Android.bp b/libnativebridge/tests/Android.bp
index 9e2e641..744a4a8 100644
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/Android.bp
@@ -44,3 +44,56 @@
     srcs: ["DummyNativeBridge3.cpp"],
     defaults: ["libnativebridge-dummy-defaults"],
 }
+
+// Build the unit tests.
+cc_test {
+    name: "libnativebridge-tests",
+    host_supported: true,
+    test_per_src: true,
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "CodeCacheCreate_test.cpp",
+        "CodeCacheExists_test.cpp",
+        "CodeCacheStatFail_test.cpp",
+        "CompleteFlow_test.cpp",
+        "InvalidCharsNativeBridge_test.cpp",
+        "NativeBridge2Signal_test.cpp",
+        "NativeBridgeVersion_test.cpp",
+        "NeedsNativeBridge_test.cpp",
+        "PreInitializeNativeBridge_test.cpp",
+        "PreInitializeNativeBridgeFail1_test.cpp",
+        "PreInitializeNativeBridgeFail2_test.cpp",
+        "ReSetupNativeBridge_test.cpp",
+        "UnavailableNativeBridge_test.cpp",
+        "ValidNameNativeBridge_test.cpp",
+        "NativeBridge3UnloadLibrary_test.cpp",
+        "NativeBridge3GetError_test.cpp",
+        "NativeBridge3IsPathSupported_test.cpp",
+        "NativeBridge3InitAnonymousNamespace_test.cpp",
+        "NativeBridge3CreateNamespace_test.cpp",
+        "NativeBridge3LoadLibraryExt_test.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+        "libnativebridge",
+        "libnativebridge-dummy",
+    ],
+    header_libs: ["libbase_headers"],
+}
+
+// Build the test for the C API.
+cc_test {
+    name: "libnativebridge-api-tests",
+    host_supported: true,
+    test_per_src: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "NativeBridgeApi.c",
+    ],
+    header_libs: ["libnativebridge-dummy-headers"],
+}
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/Android.mk b/libnativebridge/tests/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b9ba1c..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-# Build the unit tests.
-LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-# Build the unit tests.
-test_src_files := \
-    CodeCacheCreate_test.cpp \
-    CodeCacheExists_test.cpp \
-    CodeCacheStatFail_test.cpp \
-    CompleteFlow_test.cpp \
-    InvalidCharsNativeBridge_test.cpp \
-    NativeBridge2Signal_test.cpp \
-    NativeBridgeVersion_test.cpp \
-    NeedsNativeBridge_test.cpp \
-    PreInitializeNativeBridge_test.cpp \
-    PreInitializeNativeBridgeFail1_test.cpp \
-    PreInitializeNativeBridgeFail2_test.cpp \
-    ReSetupNativeBridge_test.cpp \
-    UnavailableNativeBridge_test.cpp \
-    ValidNameNativeBridge_test.cpp \
-    NativeBridge3UnloadLibrary_test.cpp \
-    NativeBridge3GetError_test.cpp \
-    NativeBridge3IsPathSupported_test.cpp \
-    NativeBridge3InitAnonymousNamespace_test.cpp \
-    NativeBridge3CreateNamespace_test.cpp \
-    NativeBridge3LoadLibraryExt_test.cpp
-
-
-shared_libraries := \
-    liblog \
-    libbase \
-    libnativebridge \
-    libnativebridge-dummy
-
-libnativebridge_tests_common_cflags := \
-    -Wall \
-    -Werror \
-
-$(foreach file,$(test_src_files), \
-    $(eval include $(CLEAR_VARS)) \
-    $(eval LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(shared_libraries)) \
-    $(eval LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(file)) \
-    $(eval LOCAL_CFLAGS := $(libnativebridge_tests_common_cflags)) \
-    $(eval LOCAL_MODULE := $(notdir $(file:%.cpp=%))) \
-    $(eval include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)) \
-)
-
-$(foreach file,$(test_src_files), \
-    $(eval include $(CLEAR_VARS)) \
-    $(eval LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(shared_libraries)) \
-    $(eval LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(file)) \
-    $(eval LOCAL_CFLAGS := $(libnativebridge_tests_common_cflags)) \
-    $(eval LOCAL_MODULE := $(notdir $(file:%.cpp=%))) \
-    $(eval include $(BUILD_HOST_NATIVE_TEST)) \
-)
diff --git a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridgeApi.c
similarity index 64%
copy from libbacktrace/GetPss.h
copy to libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridgeApi.c
index 787c33d..7ab71fe 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h
+++ b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridgeApi.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,9 +14,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
-#define _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+/* The main purpose of this test is to ensure this C header compiles in C, so
+ * that no C++ features inadvertently leak into the C ABI. */
+#include "nativebridge/native_bridge.h"
 
-size_t GetPssBytes();
-
-#endif // _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  (void)argc;
+  (void)argv;
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libnativeloader/Android.bp b/libnativeloader/Android.bp
index 17983bc..2802d36 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/Android.bp
+++ b/libnativeloader/Android.bp
@@ -24,3 +24,10 @@
         "vndksp.libraries.txt",
     ],
 }
+
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "libnativeloader-dummy-headers",
+
+    host_supported: true,
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+}
diff --git a/libnativeloader/OWNERS b/libnativeloader/OWNERS
index 5c28a9f..f735653 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/OWNERS
+++ b/libnativeloader/OWNERS
@@ -1,2 +1,6 @@
 dimitry@google.com
 jiyong@google.com
+ngeoffray@google.com
+oth@google.com
+mast@google.com
+rpl@google.com
diff --git a/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/dlext_namespaces.h b/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/dlext_namespaces.h
index 43c9329..2d6ce85 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/dlext_namespaces.h
+++ b/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/dlext_namespaces.h
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #define __ANDROID_DLEXT_NAMESPACES_H__
 
 #include <android/dlext.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
 
 __BEGIN_DECLS
 
@@ -84,12 +85,9 @@
  * If a library or any of its dependencies are outside of the permitted_when_isolated_path
  * and search_path, and it is not part of the public namespace dlopen will fail.
  */
-extern struct android_namespace_t* android_create_namespace(const char* name,
-                                                            const char* ld_library_path,
-                                                            const char* default_library_path,
-                                                            uint64_t type,
-                                                            const char* permitted_when_isolated_path,
-                                                            android_namespace_t* parent);
+extern struct android_namespace_t* android_create_namespace(
+    const char* name, const char* ld_library_path, const char* default_library_path, uint64_t type,
+    const char* permitted_when_isolated_path, struct android_namespace_t* parent);
 
 /*
  * Creates a link between namespaces. Every link has list of sonames of
@@ -107,24 +105,11 @@
  *      step will not go deeper into linked namespaces for this library but
  *      will do so for DT_NEEDED libraries.
  */
-extern bool android_link_namespaces(android_namespace_t* from,
-                                    android_namespace_t* to,
+extern bool android_link_namespaces(struct android_namespace_t* from,
+                                    struct android_namespace_t* to,
                                     const char* shared_libs_sonames);
 
-/*
- * Get the default library search path.
- * The path will be copied into buffer, which must have space for at least
- * buffer_size chars. Elements are separated with ':', and the path will always
- * be null-terminated.
- *
- * If buffer_size is too small to hold the entire default search path and the
- * null terminator, this function will abort. There is currently no way to find
- * out what the required buffer size is. At the time of this writing, PATH_MAX
- * is sufficient and used by all callers of this function.
- */
-extern void android_get_LD_LIBRARY_PATH(char* buffer, size_t buffer_size);
-
-extern android_namespace_t* android_get_exported_namespace(const char* name);
+extern struct android_namespace_t* android_get_exported_namespace(const char* name);
 
 __END_DECLS
 
diff --git a/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/native_loader.h b/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/native_loader.h
index 19a1783..260f655 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/native_loader.h
+++ b/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/native_loader.h
@@ -17,14 +17,21 @@
 #ifndef NATIVE_LOADER_H_
 #define NATIVE_LOADER_H_
 
-#include "jni.h"
+#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
-#include <string>
+#include "jni.h"
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
 #include <android/dlext.h>
 #endif
 
+#ifdef __cplusplus
 namespace android {
+extern "C" {
+#endif  // __cplusplus
+
+// README: the char** error message parameter being passed
+// to the methods below need to be freed through calling NativeLoaderFreeErrorMessage.
+// It's the caller's responsibility to call that method.
 
 __attribute__((visibility("default")))
 void InitializeNativeLoader();
@@ -38,41 +45,39 @@
                                    jstring library_path,
                                    jstring permitted_path);
 
-__attribute__((visibility("default")))
-void* OpenNativeLibrary(JNIEnv* env,
-                        int32_t target_sdk_version,
-                        const char* path,
-                        jobject class_loader,
-                        jstring library_path,
-                        bool* needs_native_bridge,
-                        std::string* error_msg);
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) void* OpenNativeLibrary(
+    JNIEnv* env, int32_t target_sdk_version, const char* path, jobject class_loader,
+    const char* caller_location, jstring library_path, bool* needs_native_bridge, char** error_msg);
 
-__attribute__((visibility("default")))
-bool CloseNativeLibrary(void* handle, const bool needs_native_bridge);
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) bool CloseNativeLibrary(void* handle,
+                                                               const bool needs_native_bridge,
+                                                               char** error_msg);
+
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) void NativeLoaderFreeErrorMessage(char* msg);
 
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
 // Look up linker namespace by class_loader. Returns nullptr if
 // there is no namespace associated with the class_loader.
 // TODO(b/79940628): move users to FindNativeLoaderNamespaceByClassLoader and remove this function.
-__attribute__((visibility("default")))
-android_namespace_t* FindNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader);
-// That version works with native bridge namespaces, but requires use of OpenNativeLibrary.
-class NativeLoaderNamespace;
-__attribute__((visibility("default")))
-NativeLoaderNamespace* FindNativeLoaderNamespaceByClassLoader(
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) struct android_namespace_t* FindNamespaceByClassLoader(
     JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader);
+// That version works with native bridge namespaces, but requires use of OpenNativeLibrary.
+struct NativeLoaderNamespace;
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) struct NativeLoaderNamespace*
+FindNativeLoaderNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader);
 // Load library.  Unlinke OpenNativeLibrary above couldn't create namespace on demand, but does
 // not require access to JNIEnv either.
-__attribute__((visibility("default")))
-void* OpenNativeLibrary(NativeLoaderNamespace* ns,
-                        const char* path,
-                        bool* needs_native_bridge,
-                        std::string* error_msg);
+__attribute__((visibility("default"))) void* OpenNativeLibraryInNamespace(
+    struct NativeLoaderNamespace* ns, const char* path, bool* needs_native_bridge,
+    char** error_msg);
 #endif
 
 __attribute__((visibility("default")))
 void ResetNativeLoader();
 
-};  // namespace android
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}  // extern "C"
+}  // namespace android
+#endif  // __cplusplus
 
 #endif  // NATIVE_BRIDGE_H_
diff --git a/libnativeloader/libnativeloader.map.txt b/libnativeloader/libnativeloader.map.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40c30bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libnativeloader/libnativeloader.map.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+# TODO(b/122710865): Prune these uses once the runtime APEX is complete.
+LIBNATIVELOADER_1 {
+  global:
+    OpenNativeLibrary;
+    InitializeNativeLoader;
+    ResetNativeLoader;
+    CloseNativeLibrary;
+    OpenNativeLibraryInNamespace;
+    FindNamespaceByClassLoader;
+    FindNativeLoaderNamespaceByClassLoader;
+    CreateClassLoaderNamespace;
+    NativeLoaderFreeErrorMessage;
+  local:
+    *;
+};
diff --git a/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp b/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
index 67c1c10..ab17b29 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
+++ b/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
@@ -43,6 +43,10 @@
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #endif
 
+extern "C" {
+struct android_namespace_t* android_get_exported_namespace(const char*);
+}
+
 #define CHECK(predicate) LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(!(predicate),\
                                              "%s:%d: %s CHECK '" #predicate "' failed.",\
                                              __FILE__, __LINE__, __FUNCTION__)
@@ -52,7 +56,7 @@
 namespace android {
 
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
-class NativeLoaderNamespace {
+struct NativeLoaderNamespace {
  public:
   NativeLoaderNamespace()
       : android_ns_(nullptr), native_bridge_ns_(nullptr) { }
@@ -119,6 +123,8 @@
 // This list includes all directories app is allowed to access this way.
 static constexpr const char* kWhitelistedDirectories = "/data:/mnt/expand";
 
+static constexpr const char* kApexPath = "/apex/";
+
 static bool is_debuggable() {
   char debuggable[PROP_VALUE_MAX];
   property_get("ro.debuggable", debuggable, "0");
@@ -151,14 +157,9 @@
  public:
   LibraryNamespaces() : initialized_(false) { }
 
-  NativeLoaderNamespace* Create(JNIEnv* env,
-                                uint32_t target_sdk_version,
-                                jobject class_loader,
-                                bool is_shared,
-                                bool is_for_vendor,
-                                jstring java_library_path,
-                                jstring java_permitted_path,
-                                std::string* error_msg) {
+  NativeLoaderNamespace* Create(JNIEnv* env, uint32_t target_sdk_version, jobject class_loader,
+                                bool is_shared, bool is_for_vendor, jstring java_library_path,
+                                jstring java_permitted_path, std::string* error_msg) {
     std::string library_path; // empty string by default.
 
     if (java_library_path != nullptr) {
@@ -628,18 +629,56 @@
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-void* OpenNativeLibrary(JNIEnv* env,
-                        int32_t target_sdk_version,
-                        const char* path,
-                        jobject class_loader,
-                        jstring library_path,
-                        bool* needs_native_bridge,
-                        std::string* error_msg) {
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+static android_namespace_t* FindExportedNamespace(const char* caller_location) {
+  std::string location = caller_location;
+  // Lots of implicit assumptions here: we expect `caller_location` to be of the form:
+  // /apex/com.android...modulename/...
+  //
+  // And we extract from it 'modulename', which is the name of the linker namespace.
+  if (android::base::StartsWith(location, kApexPath)) {
+    size_t slash_index = location.find_first_of('/', strlen(kApexPath));
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF((slash_index == std::string::npos),
+                        "Error finding namespace of apex: no slash in path %s", caller_location);
+    size_t dot_index = location.find_last_of('.', slash_index);
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF((dot_index == std::string::npos),
+                        "Error finding namespace of apex: no dot in apex name %s", caller_location);
+    std::string name = location.substr(dot_index + 1, slash_index - dot_index - 1);
+    android_namespace_t* boot_namespace = android_get_exported_namespace(name.c_str());
+    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF((boot_namespace == nullptr),
+                        "Error finding namespace of apex: no namespace called %s", name.c_str());
+    return boot_namespace;
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+#endif
+
+void* OpenNativeLibrary(JNIEnv* env, int32_t target_sdk_version, const char* path,
+                        jobject class_loader, const char* caller_location, jstring library_path,
+                        bool* needs_native_bridge, char** error_msg) {
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
   UNUSED(target_sdk_version);
   if (class_loader == nullptr) {
     *needs_native_bridge = false;
-    return dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW);
+    if (caller_location != nullptr) {
+      android_namespace_t* boot_namespace = FindExportedNamespace(caller_location);
+      if (boot_namespace != nullptr) {
+        const android_dlextinfo dlextinfo = {
+            .flags = ANDROID_DLEXT_USE_NAMESPACE,
+            .library_namespace = boot_namespace,
+        };
+        void* handle = android_dlopen_ext(path, RTLD_NOW, &dlextinfo);
+        if (handle == nullptr) {
+          *error_msg = strdup(dlerror());
+        }
+        return handle;
+      }
+    }
+    void* handle = dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW);
+    if (handle == nullptr) {
+      *error_msg = strdup(dlerror());
+    }
+    return handle;
   }
 
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_namespaces_mutex);
@@ -648,21 +687,18 @@
   if ((ns = g_namespaces->FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader)) == nullptr) {
     // This is the case where the classloader was not created by ApplicationLoaders
     // In this case we create an isolated not-shared namespace for it.
-    if ((ns = g_namespaces->Create(env,
-                                   target_sdk_version,
-                                   class_loader,
-                                   false /* is_shared */,
-                                   false /* is_for_vendor */,
-                                   library_path,
-                                   nullptr,
-                                   error_msg)) == nullptr) {
+    std::string create_error_msg;
+    if ((ns = g_namespaces->Create(env, target_sdk_version, class_loader, false /* is_shared */,
+                                   false /* is_for_vendor */, library_path, nullptr,
+                                   &create_error_msg)) == nullptr) {
+      *error_msg = strdup(create_error_msg.c_str());
       return nullptr;
     }
   }
 
-  return OpenNativeLibrary(ns, path, needs_native_bridge, error_msg);
+  return OpenNativeLibraryInNamespace(ns, path, needs_native_bridge, error_msg);
 #else
-  UNUSED(env, target_sdk_version, class_loader);
+  UNUSED(env, target_sdk_version, class_loader, caller_location);
 
   // Do some best effort to emulate library-path support. It will not
   // work for dependencies.
@@ -701,23 +737,40 @@
       if (handle != nullptr) {
         return handle;
       }
-      *error_msg = NativeBridgeGetError();
+      *error_msg = strdup(NativeBridgeGetError());
     } else {
-      *error_msg = dlerror();
+      *error_msg = strdup(dlerror());
     }
   }
   return nullptr;
 #endif
 }
 
-bool CloseNativeLibrary(void* handle, const bool needs_native_bridge) {
-    return needs_native_bridge ? NativeBridgeUnloadLibrary(handle) :
-                                 dlclose(handle);
+bool CloseNativeLibrary(void* handle, const bool needs_native_bridge, char** error_msg) {
+  bool success;
+  if (needs_native_bridge) {
+    success = (NativeBridgeUnloadLibrary(handle) == 0);
+    if (!success) {
+      *error_msg = strdup(NativeBridgeGetError());
+    }
+  } else {
+    success = (dlclose(handle) == 0);
+    if (!success) {
+      *error_msg = strdup(dlerror());
+    }
+  }
+
+  return success;
+}
+
+void NativeLoaderFreeErrorMessage(char* msg) {
+  // The error messages get allocated through strdup, so we must call free on them.
+  free(msg);
 }
 
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
-void* OpenNativeLibrary(NativeLoaderNamespace* ns, const char* path, bool* needs_native_bridge,
-                        std::string* error_msg) {
+void* OpenNativeLibraryInNamespace(NativeLoaderNamespace* ns, const char* path,
+                                   bool* needs_native_bridge, char** error_msg) {
   if (ns->is_android_namespace()) {
     android_dlextinfo extinfo;
     extinfo.flags = ANDROID_DLEXT_USE_NAMESPACE;
@@ -725,14 +778,14 @@
 
     void* handle = android_dlopen_ext(path, RTLD_NOW, &extinfo);
     if (handle == nullptr) {
-      *error_msg = dlerror();
+      *error_msg = strdup(dlerror());
     }
     *needs_native_bridge = false;
     return handle;
   } else {
     void* handle = NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt(path, RTLD_NOW, ns->get_native_bridge_ns());
     if (handle == nullptr) {
-      *error_msg = NativeBridgeGetError();
+      *error_msg = strdup(NativeBridgeGetError());
     }
     *needs_native_bridge = true;
     return handle;
diff --git a/libnativeloader/test/Android.bp b/libnativeloader/test/Android.bp
index d528f30..1464e39 100644
--- a/libnativeloader/test/Android.bp
+++ b/libnativeloader/test/Android.bp
@@ -69,3 +69,14 @@
         "libbase",
     ],
 }
+
+// Build the test for the C API.
+cc_test {
+    name: "libnativeloader-api-tests",
+    host_supported: true,
+    test_per_src: true,
+    srcs: [
+        "api_test.c",
+    ],
+    header_libs: ["libnativeloader-dummy-headers"],
+}
diff --git a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h b/libnativeloader/test/api_test.c
similarity index 64%
copy from libbacktrace/GetPss.h
copy to libnativeloader/test/api_test.c
index 787c33d..e7025fd 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h
+++ b/libnativeloader/test/api_test.c
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,9 +14,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
-#define _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+/* The main purpose of this test is to ensure this C header compiles in C, so
+ * that no C++ features inadvertently leak into the C ABI. */
+#include "nativeloader/native_loader.h"
 
-size_t GetPssBytes();
-
-#endif // _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  (void)argc;
+  (void)argv;
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/libpackagelistparser/include/packagelistparser/packagelistparser.h b/libpackagelistparser/include/packagelistparser/packagelistparser.h
index d602c26..8bcc1e2 100644
--- a/libpackagelistparser/include/packagelistparser/packagelistparser.h
+++ b/libpackagelistparser/include/packagelistparser/packagelistparser.h
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
     char *seinfo;
     gid_list gids;
     void *private_data;
+    bool profileable_from_shell;
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/libpackagelistparser/packagelistparser.c b/libpackagelistparser/packagelistparser.c
index 3e1a3d1..4ce2363 100644
--- a/libpackagelistparser/packagelistparser.c
+++ b/libpackagelistparser/packagelistparser.c
@@ -223,6 +223,23 @@
             }
         }
 
+        cur = strsep(&next, " \t\r\n");
+        if (cur) {
+            tmp = strtoul(cur, &endptr, 10);
+            if (*endptr != '\0') {
+                errmsg = "Could not convert field \"profileable_from_shell\" to integer value";
+                goto err;
+            }
+
+            /* should be a valid boolean of 1 or 0 */
+            if (!(tmp == 0 || tmp == 1)) {
+                errmsg = "Field \"profileable_from_shell\" is not 0 or 1 boolean value";
+                goto err;
+            }
+
+            pkg_info->profileable_from_shell = (bool)tmp;
+        }
+
         rc = callback(pkg_info, userdata);
         if (rc == false) {
             /*
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76d9444
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "pixelflinger_defaults",
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-fstrict-aliasing",
+        "-fomit-frame-pointer",
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-Wno-unused-function",
+    ],
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    header_libs: ["libbase_headers"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+
+    arch: {
+        arm: {
+            neon: {
+                cflags: ["-D__ARM_HAVE_NEON"],
+            },
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+cc_library_static {
+    name: "libpixelflinger-arm",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger_defaults"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "fixed.cpp",
+        "picker.cpp",
+        "pixelflinger.cpp",
+        "trap.cpp",
+        "scanline.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    arch: {
+        arm: {
+            instruction_set: "arm",
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+// For the tests to use
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "libpixelflinger_internal",
+    export_include_dirs: [
+        "include",
+        ".",
+    ],
+}
+
+cc_library {
+    name: "libpixelflinger",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger_defaults"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "codeflinger/ARMAssemblerInterface.cpp",
+        "codeflinger/ARMAssemblerProxy.cpp",
+        "codeflinger/CodeCache.cpp",
+        "codeflinger/GGLAssembler.cpp",
+        "codeflinger/load_store.cpp",
+        "codeflinger/blending.cpp",
+        "codeflinger/texturing.cpp",
+        "format.cpp",
+        "clear.cpp",
+        "raster.cpp",
+        "buffer.cpp",
+    ],
+    whole_static_libs: ["libpixelflinger-arm"],
+
+    arch: {
+        arm: {
+            srcs: [
+                "codeflinger/ARMAssembler.cpp",
+                "codeflinger/disassem.c",
+                "col32cb16blend.S",
+                "t32cb16blend.S",
+            ],
+
+            neon: {
+                srcs: ["col32cb16blend_neon.S"],
+            },
+        },
+        arm64: {
+            srcs: [
+                "codeflinger/Arm64Assembler.cpp",
+                "codeflinger/Arm64Disassembler.cpp",
+                "arch-arm64/col32cb16blend.S",
+                "arch-arm64/t32cb16blend.S",
+            ],
+        },
+        mips: {
+            mips32r6: {
+                srcs: [
+                    "codeflinger/MIPSAssembler.cpp",
+                    "codeflinger/mips_disassem.c",
+                    "arch-mips/t32cb16blend.S",
+                ],
+            },
+        },
+        mips64: {
+            srcs: [
+                "codeflinger/MIPSAssembler.cpp",
+                "codeflinger/MIPS64Assembler.cpp",
+                "codeflinger/mips64_disassem.c",
+                "arch-mips64/col32cb16blend.S",
+                "arch-mips64/t32cb16blend.S",
+            ],
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 14883f4..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-#
-# C/C++ and ARMv5 objects
-#
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES:= \
-	codeflinger/ARMAssemblerInterface.cpp \
-	codeflinger/ARMAssemblerProxy.cpp \
-	codeflinger/CodeCache.cpp \
-	codeflinger/GGLAssembler.cpp \
-	codeflinger/load_store.cpp \
-	codeflinger/blending.cpp \
-	codeflinger/texturing.cpp \
-	fixed.cpp.arm \
-	picker.cpp.arm \
-	pixelflinger.cpp.arm \
-	trap.cpp.arm \
-	scanline.cpp.arm \
-	format.cpp \
-	clear.cpp \
-	raster.cpp \
-	buffer.cpp
-
-PIXELFLINGER_CFLAGS := -fstrict-aliasing -fomit-frame-pointer
-PIXELFLINGER_CFLAGS += -Wall -Werror
-PIXELFLINGER_CFLAGS += -Wno-unused-function
-
-PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_arm := \
-	codeflinger/ARMAssembler.cpp \
-	codeflinger/disassem.c \
-	col32cb16blend.S \
-	t32cb16blend.S \
-
-ifeq ($(ARCH_ARM_HAVE_NEON),true)
-PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_arm += col32cb16blend_neon.S
-PIXELFLINGER_CFLAGS_arm += -D__ARM_HAVE_NEON
-endif
-
-PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_arm64 := \
-	codeflinger/Arm64Assembler.cpp \
-	codeflinger/Arm64Disassembler.cpp \
-	arch-arm64/col32cb16blend.S \
-	arch-arm64/t32cb16blend.S \
-
-ifndef ARCH_MIPS_REV6
-PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_mips := \
-	codeflinger/MIPSAssembler.cpp \
-	codeflinger/mips_disassem.c \
-	arch-mips/t32cb16blend.S \
-
-endif
-
-PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_mips64 := \
-        codeflinger/MIPSAssembler.cpp \
-	codeflinger/MIPS64Assembler.cpp \
-	codeflinger/mips64_disassem.c \
-	arch-mips64/col32cb16blend.S \
-	arch-mips64/t32cb16blend.S \
-
-#
-# Shared library
-#
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= libpixelflinger
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES_arm := $(PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_arm)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES_arm64 := $(PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_arm64)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES_mips := $(PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_mips)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES_mips64 := $(PIXELFLINGER_SRC_FILES_mips64)
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := $(PIXELFLINGER_CFLAGS)
-LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDE_DIRS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += $(LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDE_DIRS)
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libcutils liblog libutils
-
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
-include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/buffer.cpp b/libpixelflinger/buffer.cpp
index dcb95c5..ea9514c 100644
--- a/libpixelflinger/buffer.cpp
+++ b/libpixelflinger/buffer.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 #include <assert.h>
 
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+
 #include "buffer.h"
 
 namespace android {
@@ -266,8 +268,11 @@
     p = downshift_component(p, b,   hbits, lbits,  f->bh, f->bl, 0, 1, -1);
     p = downshift_component(p, a,   hbits, lbits,  f->ah, f->al, 0, 1, -1);
     switch (f->size) {
-    case 1: p |= p << 8;    // fallthrough
-    case 2: p |= p << 16;
+        case 1:
+            p |= p << 8;
+            FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
+        case 2:
+            p |= p << 16;
     }
     return p;
 }
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/ARMAssembler.cpp b/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/ARMAssembler.cpp
index ac009a9..f47b6e4 100644
--- a/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/ARMAssembler.cpp
+++ b/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/ARMAssembler.cpp
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
     }
 
     mAssembly->resize( int(pc()-base())*4 );
-    
+
     // the instruction cache is flushed by CodeCache
     const int64_t duration = ggl_system_time() - mDuration;
     const char * const format = "generated %s (%d ins) at [%p:%p] in %lld ns\n";
@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@
         printf(format, name, int(pc()-base()), base(), pc(), duration);
         disassemble(name);
     }
-    
-    return NO_ERROR;
+
+    return OK;
 }
 
 uint32_t* ARMAssembler::pcForLabel(const char* label)
@@ -213,14 +213,14 @@
 // multiply...
 void ARMAssembler::MLA(int cc, int s,
         int Rd, int Rm, int Rs, int Rn) {
-    if (Rd == Rm) { int t = Rm; Rm=Rs; Rs=t; } 
+    if (Rd == Rm) { int t = Rm; Rm=Rs; Rs=t; }
     LOG_FATAL_IF(Rd==Rm, "MLA(r%u,r%u,r%u,r%u)", Rd,Rm,Rs,Rn);
     *mPC++ =    (cc<<28) | (1<<21) | (s<<20) |
                 (Rd<<16) | (Rn<<12) | (Rs<<8) | 0x90 | Rm;
 }
 void ARMAssembler::MUL(int cc, int s,
         int Rd, int Rm, int Rs) {
-    if (Rd == Rm) { int t = Rm; Rm=Rs; Rs=t; } 
+    if (Rd == Rm) { int t = Rm; Rm=Rs; Rs=t; }
     LOG_FATAL_IF(Rd==Rm, "MUL(r%u,r%u,r%u)", Rd,Rm,Rs);
     *mPC++ = (cc<<28) | (s<<20) | (Rd<<16) | (Rs<<8) | 0x90 | Rm;
 }
@@ -577,4 +577,3 @@
 }
 
 }; // namespace android
-
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/Arm64Assembler.cpp b/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/Arm64Assembler.cpp
index aebc129..8926776 100644
--- a/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/Arm64Assembler.cpp
+++ b/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/Arm64Assembler.cpp
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@
         printf(format, name, int(pc()-base()), base(), pc(), duration);
         disassemble(name);
     }
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return OK;
 }
 
 uint32_t* ArmToArm64Assembler::pcForLabel(const char* label)
@@ -1238,4 +1238,3 @@
 }
 
 }; // namespace android
-
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/CodeCache.cpp b/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/CodeCache.cpp
index 8516640..32691a3 100644
--- a/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/CodeCache.cpp
+++ b/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/CodeCache.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,11 @@
 #define USAGE_ERROR_ACTION(m,p) \
     heap_error("ARGUMENT IS INVALID HEAP ADDRESS", __FUNCTION__, p)
 
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wexpansion-to-defined"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wnull-pointer-arithmetic"
 #include "../../../../external/dlmalloc/malloc.c"
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
 
 static void heap_error(const char* msg, const char* function, void* p) {
     ALOG(LOG_FATAL, LOG_TAG, "@@@ ABORTING: CODE FLINGER: %s IN %s addr=%p",
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/MIPSAssembler.cpp b/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/MIPSAssembler.cpp
index 039a725..7de8cc1 100644
--- a/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/MIPSAssembler.cpp
+++ b/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/MIPSAssembler.cpp
@@ -1421,7 +1421,7 @@
         disassemble(name);
     }
 
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return OK;
 }
 
 uint32_t* MIPSAssembler::pcForLabel(const char* label)
@@ -1953,5 +1953,3 @@
 
 
 }; // namespace android:
-
-
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/blending.cpp b/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/blending.cpp
index a55dfe3..2cbb00f 100644
--- a/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/blending.cpp
+++ b/libpixelflinger/codeflinger/blending.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 
 #include "GGLAssembler.h"
@@ -301,7 +302,7 @@
                 return;
             }                
         }
-        // fall-through...
+        FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
     case GGL_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR:
     case GGL_DST_COLOR:
     case GGL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR:
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..820a84d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "pixelflinger-tests",
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+
+    header_libs: ["libpixelflinger_internal"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "libcutils",
+        "liblog",
+        "libpixelflinger",
+        "libutils",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 6571161..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-include $(all-subdir-makefiles)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f5586a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "pixelflinger-tests-arm64",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests"],
+
+    enabled: false,
+    arch: {
+        arm64: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index ca58b4b..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),arm64)
-include $(all-subdir-makefiles)
-endif
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/assembler/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/assembler/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..003f485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/assembler/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-arm64-assembler-test",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-arm64"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "arm64_assembler_test.cpp",
+        "asm_test_jacket.S",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/assembler/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/assembler/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index db5dc4d..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/assembler/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    arm64_assembler_test.cpp\
-    asm_test_jacket.S
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
-    libcutils \
-    libpixelflinger
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := \
-    $(LOCAL_PATH)/../../..
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-arm64-assembler-test
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 64
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/col32cb16blend/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/col32cb16blend/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e640aeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/col32cb16blend/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-arm64-col32cb16blend",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-arm64"],
+
+    srcs: ["col32cb16blend_test.c"],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/col32cb16blend/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/col32cb16blend/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 3096232..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/col32cb16blend/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    col32cb16blend_test.c \
-    ../../../arch-arm64/col32cb16blend.S
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES :=
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-arm64-col32cb16blend
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 64
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/disassembler/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/disassembler/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38dc99a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/disassembler/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-arm64-disassembler-test",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-arm64"],
+
+    srcs: ["arm64_diassembler_test.cpp"],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/disassembler/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/disassembler/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 78f12af..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/disassembler/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    arm64_diassembler_test.cpp \
-    ../../../codeflinger/Arm64Disassembler.cpp
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-arm64-disassembler-test
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 64
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/t32cb16blend/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/t32cb16blend/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d060d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/t32cb16blend/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-arm64-t32cb16blend",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-arm64"],
+
+    srcs: ["t32cb16blend_test.c"],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/t32cb16blend/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/t32cb16blend/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 664347f..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-arm64/t32cb16blend/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    t32cb16blend_test.c \
-    ../../../arch-arm64/t32cb16blend.S
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES :=
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-arm64-t32cb16blend
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 64
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ca2721
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "pixelflinger-tests-mips",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests"],
+
+    enabled: false,
+    arch: {
+        mips: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index fe6979e..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),mips)
-include $(all-subdir-makefiles)
-endif
-ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),mipsel)
-include $(all-subdir-makefiles)
-endif
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/col32cb16blend/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/col32cb16blend/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45bfe29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/col32cb16blend/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-mips-col32cb16blend",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-mips"],
+
+    srcs: ["col32cb16blend_test.c"],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/col32cb16blend/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/col32cb16blend/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 40f197f..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/col32cb16blend/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    col32cb16blend_test.c \
-    ../../../arch-mips/col32cb16blend.S
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES :=
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-mips-col32cb16blend
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 32
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/t32cb16blend/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/t32cb16blend/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..069e97c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/t32cb16blend/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-mips-t32cb16blend",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-mips"],
+
+    srcs: ["t32cb16blend_test.c"],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/t32cb16blend/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/t32cb16blend/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index d0c0ae4..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips/t32cb16blend/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    t32cb16blend_test.c \
-    ../../../arch-mips/t32cb16blend.S
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES :=
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-mips-t32cb16blend
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 32
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba55d62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "pixelflinger-tests-mips64",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests"],
+
+    enabled: false,
+    arch: {
+        mips64: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b1c64e..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),mips64)
-include $(all-subdir-makefiles)
-endif
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/assembler/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/assembler/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b672053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/assembler/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-mips64-assembler-test",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-mips64"],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "mips64_assembler_test.cpp",
+        "asm_mips_test_jacket.S",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/assembler/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/assembler/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 4699961..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/assembler/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    mips64_assembler_test.cpp\
-    asm_mips_test_jacket.S
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
-    libcutils \
-    libpixelflinger
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := \
-    $(LOCAL_PATH)/../../..
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-mips64-assembler-test
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 64
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/col32cb16blend/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/col32cb16blend/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfc6ae9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/col32cb16blend/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-mips64-col32cb16blend",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-mips64"],
+
+    srcs: ["col32cb16blend_test.c"],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/col32cb16blend/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/col32cb16blend/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d4177e..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/col32cb16blend/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    col32cb16blend_test.c \
-    ../../../arch-mips64/col32cb16blend.S
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES :=
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-mips64-col32cb16blend
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 64
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/disassembler/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/disassembler/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96bf9e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/disassembler/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-mips64-disassembler-test",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests-mips64"],
+
+    srcs: ["mips64_disassembler_test.cpp"],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/disassembler/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/disassembler/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 4e72b57..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/arch-mips64/disassembler/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    mips64_disassembler_test.cpp \
-    ../../../codeflinger/mips64_disassem.c
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-mips64-disassembler-test
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := 64
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/codegen/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/codegen/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e4bcfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/codegen/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-opengl-codegen",
+    defaults: ["pixelflinger-tests"],
+
+    srcs: ["codegen.cpp"],
+
+    arch: {
+        arm: {
+            instruction_set: "arm",
+        },
+    },
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/codegen/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/codegen/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 72d71ef..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/codegen/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-	codegen.cpp.arm
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := \
-	libcutils \
-    libpixelflinger
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := \
-	$(LOCAL_PATH)/../..
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-opengl-codegen
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS:= -Wall -Werror
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/gglmul/Android.bp b/libpixelflinger/tests/gglmul/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..288337b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libpixelflinger/tests/gglmul/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+cc_test {
+    name: "test-pixelflinger-gglmul",
+
+    srcs: ["gglmul_test.cpp"],
+
+    header_libs: ["libpixelflinger_internal"],
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/libpixelflinger/tests/gglmul/Android.mk b/libpixelflinger/tests/gglmul/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 67f358f..0000000
--- a/libpixelflinger/tests/gglmul/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-	gglmul_test.cpp
-
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
-
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := \
-	$(LOCAL_PATH)/../../include
-
-LOCAL_MODULE:= test-pixelflinger-gglmul
-
-LOCAL_CFLAGS:= -Wall -Werror
-
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/Android.bp b/libprocessgroup/Android.bp
index c38279d..d04a79a 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/Android.bp
+++ b/libprocessgroup/Android.bp
@@ -1,10 +1,45 @@
+cc_library_headers {
+    name: "libprocessgroup_headers",
+    vendor_available: true,
+    recovery_available: true,
+    host_supported: true,
+    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    target: {
+        linux_bionic: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+        windows: {
+            enabled: true,
+        },
+    },
+}
+
 cc_library {
-    srcs: ["processgroup.cpp"],
+    srcs: [
+        "processgroup.cpp",
+        "sched_policy.cpp",
+    ],
     name: "libprocessgroup",
     host_supported: true,
     recovery_available: true,
-    shared_libs: ["libbase"],
+    vendor_available: true,
+    vndk: {
+        enabled: true,
+        support_system_process: true,
+    },
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "liblog",
+    ],
+    // for cutils/android_filesystem_config.h
+    header_libs: [
+        "libcutils_headers",
+        "libprocessgroup_headers",
+    ],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
+    export_header_lib_headers: [
+        "libprocessgroup_headers",
+    ],
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/OWNERS b/libprocessgroup/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bfa730a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libprocessgroup/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ccross@google.com
+tomcherry@google.com
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/processgroup.h b/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/processgroup.h
index 9fa4154..2412f3c 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/processgroup.h
+++ b/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/processgroup.h
@@ -31,8 +31,10 @@
 // that it only returns 0 in the case that the cgroup exists and it contains no processes.
 int killProcessGroupOnce(uid_t uid, int initialPid, int signal);
 
-int createProcessGroup(uid_t uid, int initialPid);
+int createProcessGroup(uid_t uid, int initialPid, bool memControl = false);
 
+// Set various properties of a process group. For these functions to work, the process group must
+// have been created by passing memControl=true to createProcessGroup.
 bool setProcessGroupSwappiness(uid_t uid, int initialPid, int swappiness);
 bool setProcessGroupSoftLimit(uid_t uid, int initialPid, int64_t softLimitInBytes);
 bool setProcessGroupLimit(uid_t uid, int initialPid, int64_t limitInBytes);
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/sched_policy.h b/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/sched_policy.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79a32fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/sched_policy.h
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Check if Linux kernel enables CPUSETS feature.
+ *
+ * Return value: 1 if Linux kernel CONFIG_CPUSETS=y; 0 otherwise.
+ */
+extern bool cpusets_enabled();
+
+/*
+ * Check if Linux kernel enables SCHEDTUNE feature (only available in Android
+ * common kernel or Linaro LSK, not in mainline Linux as of v4.9)
+ *
+ * Return value: 1 if Linux kernel CONFIG_CGROUP_SCHEDTUNE=y; 0 otherwise.
+ */
+extern bool schedboost_enabled();
+
+/* Keep in sync with THREAD_GROUP_* in frameworks/base/core/java/android/os/Process.java */
+typedef enum {
+    SP_DEFAULT = -1,
+    SP_BACKGROUND = 0,
+    SP_FOREGROUND = 1,
+    SP_SYSTEM = 2,  // can't be used with set_sched_policy()
+    SP_AUDIO_APP = 3,
+    SP_AUDIO_SYS = 4,
+    SP_TOP_APP = 5,
+    SP_RT_APP = 6,
+    SP_RESTRICTED = 7,
+    SP_CNT,
+    SP_MAX = SP_CNT - 1,
+    SP_SYSTEM_DEFAULT = SP_FOREGROUND,
+} SchedPolicy;
+
+extern int set_cpuset_policy(int tid, SchedPolicy policy);
+
+/* Assign thread tid to the cgroup associated with the specified policy.
+ * If the thread is a thread group leader, that is it's gettid() == getpid(),
+ * then the other threads in the same thread group are _not_ affected.
+ * On platforms which support gettid(), zero tid means current thread.
+ * Return value: 0 for success, or -errno for error.
+ */
+extern int set_sched_policy(int tid, SchedPolicy policy);
+
+/* Return the policy associated with the cgroup of thread tid via policy pointer.
+ * On platforms which support gettid(), zero tid means current thread.
+ * Return value: 0 for success, or -1 for error and set errno.
+ */
+extern int get_sched_policy(int tid, SchedPolicy *policy);
+
+/* Return a displayable string corresponding to policy.
+ * Return value: non-NULL NUL-terminated name of unspecified length;
+ * the caller is responsible for displaying the useful part of the string.
+ */
+extern const char *get_sched_policy_name(SchedPolicy policy);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp b/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
index 1cebb5d..8d2ac3d 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
+++ b/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
-#include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+#include <cutils/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
 #include <processgroup/processgroup.h>
 
@@ -53,49 +53,31 @@
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
-#define MEM_CGROUP_PATH "/dev/memcg/apps"
-#define MEM_CGROUP_TASKS "/dev/memcg/apps/tasks"
-#define ACCT_CGROUP_PATH "/acct"
+static const char kCpuacctCgroup[] = "/acct";
+static const char kMemoryCgroup[] = "/dev/memcg/apps";
 
 #define PROCESSGROUP_CGROUP_PROCS_FILE "/cgroup.procs"
 
-std::once_flag init_path_flag;
-
-static const std::string& GetCgroupRootPath() {
-    static std::string cgroup_root_path;
-    std::call_once(init_path_flag, [&]() {
-        // low-ram devices use per-app memcg by default, unlike high-end ones
-        bool low_ram_device = GetBoolProperty("ro.config.low_ram", false);
-        bool per_app_memcg =
-            GetBoolProperty("ro.config.per_app_memcg", low_ram_device);
-        if (per_app_memcg) {
-            // Check if mem cgroup is mounted, only then check for
-            // write-access to avoid SELinux denials
-            cgroup_root_path =
-                (access(MEM_CGROUP_TASKS, F_OK) || access(MEM_CGROUP_PATH, W_OK) ?
-                ACCT_CGROUP_PATH : MEM_CGROUP_PATH);
-        } else {
-            cgroup_root_path = ACCT_CGROUP_PATH;
-        }
-    });
-    return cgroup_root_path;
+static bool isMemoryCgroupSupported() {
+    static bool memcg_supported = !access("/dev/memcg/memory.limit_in_bytes", F_OK);
+    return memcg_supported;
 }
 
-static std::string ConvertUidToPath(uid_t uid) {
-    return StringPrintf("%s/uid_%d", GetCgroupRootPath().c_str(), uid);
+static std::string ConvertUidToPath(const char* cgroup, uid_t uid) {
+    return StringPrintf("%s/uid_%d", cgroup, uid);
 }
 
-static std::string ConvertUidPidToPath(uid_t uid, int pid) {
-    return StringPrintf("%s/uid_%d/pid_%d", GetCgroupRootPath().c_str(), uid, pid);
+static std::string ConvertUidPidToPath(const char* cgroup, uid_t uid, int pid) {
+    return StringPrintf("%s/uid_%d/pid_%d", cgroup, uid, pid);
 }
 
-static int RemoveProcessGroup(uid_t uid, int pid) {
+static int RemoveProcessGroup(const char* cgroup, uid_t uid, int pid) {
     int ret;
 
-    auto uid_pid_path = ConvertUidPidToPath(uid, pid);
+    auto uid_pid_path = ConvertUidPidToPath(cgroup, uid, pid);
     ret = rmdir(uid_pid_path.c_str());
 
-    auto uid_path = ConvertUidToPath(uid);
+    auto uid_path = ConvertUidToPath(cgroup, uid);
     rmdir(uid_path.c_str());
 
     return ret;
@@ -124,25 +106,26 @@
 void removeAllProcessGroups()
 {
     LOG(VERBOSE) << "removeAllProcessGroups()";
-    const auto& cgroup_root_path = GetCgroupRootPath();
-    std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> root(opendir(cgroup_root_path.c_str()), closedir);
-    if (root == NULL) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open " << cgroup_root_path;
-    } else {
-        dirent* dir;
-        while ((dir = readdir(root.get())) != nullptr) {
-            if (dir->d_type != DT_DIR) {
-                continue;
-            }
+    for (const char* cgroup_root_path : {kCpuacctCgroup, kMemoryCgroup}) {
+        std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> root(opendir(cgroup_root_path), closedir);
+        if (root == NULL) {
+            PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open " << cgroup_root_path;
+        } else {
+            dirent* dir;
+            while ((dir = readdir(root.get())) != nullptr) {
+                if (dir->d_type != DT_DIR) {
+                    continue;
+                }
 
-            if (!StartsWith(dir->d_name, "uid_")) {
-                continue;
-            }
+                if (!StartsWith(dir->d_name, "uid_")) {
+                    continue;
+                }
 
-            auto path = StringPrintf("%s/%s", cgroup_root_path.c_str(), dir->d_name);
-            RemoveUidProcessGroups(path);
-            LOG(VERBOSE) << "Removing " << path;
-            if (rmdir(path.c_str()) == -1) PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to remove " << path;
+                auto path = StringPrintf("%s/%s", cgroup_root_path, dir->d_name);
+                RemoveUidProcessGroups(path);
+                LOG(VERBOSE) << "Removing " << path;
+                if (rmdir(path.c_str()) == -1) PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to remove " << path;
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -150,8 +133,8 @@
 // Returns number of processes killed on success
 // Returns 0 if there are no processes in the process cgroup left to kill
 // Returns -1 on error
-static int DoKillProcessGroupOnce(uid_t uid, int initialPid, int signal) {
-    auto path = ConvertUidPidToPath(uid, initialPid) + PROCESSGROUP_CGROUP_PROCS_FILE;
+static int DoKillProcessGroupOnce(const char* cgroup, uid_t uid, int initialPid, int signal) {
+    auto path = ConvertUidPidToPath(cgroup, uid, initialPid) + PROCESSGROUP_CGROUP_PROCS_FILE;
     std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)> fd(fopen(path.c_str(), "re"), fclose);
     if (!fd) {
         PLOG(WARNING) << "Failed to open process cgroup uid " << uid << " pid " << initialPid;
@@ -185,7 +168,7 @@
 
     // Erase all pids that will be killed when we kill the process groups.
     for (auto it = pids.begin(); it != pids.end();) {
-        pid_t pgid = getpgid(pid);
+        pid_t pgid = getpgid(*it);
         if (pgids.count(pgid) == 1) {
             it = pids.erase(it);
         } else {
@@ -217,11 +200,16 @@
 }
 
 static int KillProcessGroup(uid_t uid, int initialPid, int signal, int retries) {
+    const char* cgroup =
+            (!access(ConvertUidPidToPath(kCpuacctCgroup, uid, initialPid).c_str(), F_OK))
+                    ? kCpuacctCgroup
+                    : kMemoryCgroup;
+
     std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
     int retry = retries;
     int processes;
-    while ((processes = DoKillProcessGroupOnce(uid, initialPid, signal)) > 0) {
+    while ((processes = DoKillProcessGroupOnce(cgroup, uid, initialPid, signal)) > 0) {
         LOG(VERBOSE) << "Killed " << processes << " processes for processgroup " << initialPid;
         if (retry > 0) {
             std::this_thread::sleep_for(5ms);
@@ -251,7 +239,7 @@
             LOG(INFO) << "Successfully killed process cgroup uid " << uid << " pid " << initialPid
                       << " in " << static_cast<int>(ms) << "ms";
         }
-        return RemoveProcessGroup(uid, initialPid);
+        return RemoveProcessGroup(cgroup, uid, initialPid);
     } else {
         if (retries > 0) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to kill process cgroup uid " << uid << " pid " << initialPid
@@ -285,16 +273,29 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-int createProcessGroup(uid_t uid, int initialPid)
+static bool isPerAppMemcgEnabled() {
+    static bool per_app_memcg =
+            GetBoolProperty("ro.config.per_app_memcg", GetBoolProperty("ro.config.low_ram", false));
+    return per_app_memcg;
+}
+
+int createProcessGroup(uid_t uid, int initialPid, bool memControl)
 {
-    auto uid_path = ConvertUidToPath(uid);
+    const char* cgroup;
+    if (isMemoryCgroupSupported() && (memControl || isPerAppMemcgEnabled())) {
+        cgroup = kMemoryCgroup;
+    } else {
+        cgroup = kCpuacctCgroup;
+    }
+
+    auto uid_path = ConvertUidToPath(cgroup, uid);
 
     if (!MkdirAndChown(uid_path, 0750, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to make and chown " << uid_path;
         return -errno;
     }
 
-    auto uid_pid_path = ConvertUidPidToPath(uid, initialPid);
+    auto uid_pid_path = ConvertUidPidToPath(cgroup, uid, initialPid);
 
     if (!MkdirAndChown(uid_pid_path, 0750, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to make and chown " << uid_pid_path;
@@ -313,12 +314,12 @@
 }
 
 static bool SetProcessGroupValue(uid_t uid, int pid, const std::string& file_name, int64_t value) {
-    if (GetCgroupRootPath() != MEM_CGROUP_PATH) {
+    if (!isMemoryCgroupSupported()) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Memcg is not mounted.";
         return false;
     }
 
-    auto path = ConvertUidPidToPath(uid, pid) + file_name;
+    auto path = ConvertUidPidToPath(kMemoryCgroup, uid, pid) + file_name;
 
     if (!WriteStringToFile(std::to_string(value), path)) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to write '" << value << "' to " << path;
diff --git a/libcutils/sched_policy.cpp b/libprocessgroup/sched_policy.cpp
similarity index 99%
rename from libcutils/sched_policy.cpp
rename to libprocessgroup/sched_policy.cpp
index 3fa548f..f95d7e4 100644
--- a/libcutils/sched_policy.cpp
+++ b/libprocessgroup/sched_policy.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 ** limitations under the License.
 */
 
-#include <cutils/sched_policy.h>
+#include <processgroup/sched_policy.h>
 
 #define LOG_TAG "SchedPolicy"
 
diff --git a/libprocinfo/include/procinfo/process_map.h b/libprocinfo/include/procinfo/process_map.h
index 3771f9f..981241e 100644
--- a/libprocinfo/include/procinfo/process_map.h
+++ b/libprocinfo/include/procinfo/process_map.h
@@ -17,11 +17,13 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <functional>
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 
@@ -147,5 +149,23 @@
   return ReadMapFile("/proc/" + std::to_string(pid) + "/maps", callback);
 }
 
+struct MapInfo {
+  uint64_t start;
+  uint64_t end;
+  uint16_t flags;
+  uint64_t pgoff;
+  std::string name;
+
+  MapInfo(uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint16_t flags, uint64_t pgoff, const char* name)
+      : start(start), end(end), flags(flags), pgoff(pgoff), name(name) {}
+};
+
+inline bool ReadProcessMaps(pid_t pid, std::vector<MapInfo>* maps) {
+  return ReadProcessMaps(
+      pid, [&](uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint16_t flags, uint64_t pgoff, const char* name) {
+        maps->emplace_back(start, end, flags, pgoff, name);
+      });
+}
+
 } /* namespace procinfo */
 } /* namespace android */
diff --git a/libprocinfo/process_map_benchmark.cpp b/libprocinfo/process_map_benchmark.cpp
index d9e8a4d..04995d4 100644
--- a/libprocinfo/process_map_benchmark.cpp
+++ b/libprocinfo/process_map_benchmark.cpp
@@ -27,21 +27,10 @@
 
 #include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
-struct MapInfo {
-  uint64_t start;
-  uint64_t end;
-  uint16_t flags;
-  uint64_t pgoff;
-  const std::string name;
-
-  MapInfo(uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint16_t flags, uint64_t pgoff, const char* name)
-      : start(start), end(end), flags(flags), pgoff(pgoff), name(name) {}
-};
-
 static void BM_ReadMapFile(benchmark::State& state) {
   std::string map_file = android::base::GetExecutableDirectory() + "/testdata/maps";
   for (auto _ : state) {
-    std::vector<MapInfo> maps;
+    std::vector<android::procinfo::MapInfo> maps;
     android::procinfo::ReadMapFile(
         map_file, [&](uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint16_t flags, uint64_t pgoff,
                       const char* name) { maps.emplace_back(start, end, flags, pgoff, name); });
diff --git a/libprocinfo/process_map_test.cpp b/libprocinfo/process_map_test.cpp
index 4b93c5b..170a806 100644
--- a/libprocinfo/process_map_test.cpp
+++ b/libprocinfo/process_map_test.cpp
@@ -22,20 +22,9 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-struct MapInfo {
-  uint64_t start;
-  uint64_t end;
-  uint16_t flags;
-  uint64_t pgoff;
-  const std::string name;
-
-  MapInfo(uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint16_t flags, uint64_t pgoff, const char* name)
-      : start(start), end(end), flags(flags), pgoff(pgoff), name(name) {}
-};
-
-TEST(process_map, smoke) {
+TEST(process_map, ReadMapFile) {
   std::string map_file = android::base::GetExecutableDirectory() + "/testdata/maps";
-  std::vector<MapInfo> maps;
+  std::vector<android::procinfo::MapInfo> maps;
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::procinfo::ReadMapFile(
       map_file, [&](uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint16_t flags, uint64_t pgoff,
                     const char* name) { maps.emplace_back(start, end, flags, pgoff, name); }));
@@ -58,3 +47,14 @@
             "[anon:dalvik-classes.dex extracted in memory from "
             "/data/app/com.google.sample.tunnel-HGGRU03Gu1Mwkf_-RnFmvw==/base.apk]");
 }
+
+TEST(process_map, ReadProcessMaps) {
+  std::vector<android::procinfo::MapInfo> maps;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::procinfo::ReadProcessMaps(
+      getpid(), [&](uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint16_t flags, uint64_t pgoff,
+                    const char* name) { maps.emplace_back(start, end, flags, pgoff, name); }));
+  ASSERT_GT(maps.size(), 0u);
+  maps.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::procinfo::ReadProcessMaps(getpid(), &maps));
+  ASSERT_GT(maps.size(), 0u);
+}
diff --git a/libsparse/output_file.cpp b/libsparse/output_file.cpp
index fe314b3..5b8179f 100644
--- a/libsparse/output_file.cpp
+++ b/libsparse/output_file.cpp
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@
 
   out->len = len;
   out->block_size = block_size;
-  out->cur_out_ptr = 0ll;
+  out->cur_out_ptr = 0LL;
   out->chunk_cnt = 0;
   out->crc32 = 0;
   out->use_crc = crc;
diff --git a/libstats/Android.bp b/libstats/Android.bp
index d58f294..f5ee1da 100644
--- a/libstats/Android.bp
+++ b/libstats/Android.bp
@@ -17,12 +17,13 @@
 // ==========================================================
 // Native library to write stats log to statsd socket
 // ==========================================================
-cc_library_static {
+cc_library {
     name: "libstatssocket",
     srcs: [
         "stats_event_list.c",
         "statsd_writer.c",
     ],
+    host_supported: true,
     cflags: [
         "-Wall",
         "-Werror",
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@
     ],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
     shared_libs: [
+        "libcutils",
         "liblog",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/libstats/include/stats_event_list.h b/libstats/include/stats_event_list.h
index 5d174ae..b5bc5af 100644
--- a/libstats/include/stats_event_list.h
+++ b/libstats/include/stats_event_list.h
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
 #endif
 void reset_log_context(android_log_context ctx);
 int write_to_logger(android_log_context context, log_id_t id);
-
+void note_log_drop(int error);
+void stats_log_close();
+int android_log_write_char_array(android_log_context ctx, const char* value, size_t len);
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
@@ -49,10 +51,6 @@
     explicit stats_event_list(int tag) : ret(0) {
         ctx = create_android_logger(static_cast<uint32_t>(tag));
     }
-    explicit stats_event_list(log_msg& log_msg) : ret(0) {
-        ctx = create_android_log_parser(log_msg.msg() + sizeof(uint32_t),
-                                        log_msg.entry.len - sizeof(uint32_t));
-    }
     ~stats_event_list() { android_log_destroy(&ctx); }
 
     int close() {
@@ -242,8 +240,13 @@
         return ret >= 0;
     }
 
-    android_log_list_element read() { return android_log_read_next(ctx); }
-    android_log_list_element peek() { return android_log_peek_next(ctx); }
+    bool AppendCharArray(const char* value, size_t len) {
+        int retval = android_log_write_char_array(ctx, value, len);
+        if (retval < 0) {
+            ret = retval;
+        }
+        return ret >= 0;
+    }
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/libstats/stats_event_list.c b/libstats/stats_event_list.c
index 3d746db..5b90361 100644
--- a/libstats/stats_event_list.c
+++ b/libstats/stats_event_list.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "include/stats_event_list.h"
 
 #include <string.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
 #include "statsd_writer.h"
 
 #define MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD (LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD - sizeof(int32_t))
@@ -119,6 +120,19 @@
     return retValue;
 }
 
+void note_log_drop(int error) {
+    statsdLoggerWrite.noteDrop(error);
+}
+
+void stats_log_close() {
+    statsd_writer_init_lock();
+    write_to_statsd = __write_to_statsd_init;
+    if (statsdLoggerWrite.close) {
+        (*statsdLoggerWrite.close)();
+    }
+    statsd_writer_init_unlock();
+}
+
 /* log_init_lock assumed */
 static int __write_to_statsd_initialize_locked() {
     if (!statsdLoggerWrite.open || ((*statsdLoggerWrite.open)() < 0)) {
@@ -143,7 +157,14 @@
     }
 
     save_errno = errno;
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
     clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts);
+#else
+    struct timeval tv;
+    gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+    ts.tv_sec = tv.tv_sec;
+    ts.tv_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
+#endif
 
     int ret = (int)(*statsdLoggerWrite.write)(&ts, vec, nr);
     errno = save_errno;
@@ -172,3 +193,47 @@
     errno = save_errno;
     return ret;
 }
+
+static inline void copy4LE(uint8_t* buf, uint32_t val) {
+    buf[0] = val & 0xFF;
+    buf[1] = (val >> 8) & 0xFF;
+    buf[2] = (val >> 16) & 0xFF;
+    buf[3] = (val >> 24) & 0xFF;
+}
+
+// Note: this function differs from android_log_write_string8_len in that the length passed in
+// should be treated as actual length and not max length.
+int android_log_write_char_array(android_log_context ctx, const char* value, size_t actual_len) {
+    size_t needed;
+    ssize_t len = actual_len;
+    android_log_context_internal* context;
+
+    context = (android_log_context_internal*)ctx;
+    if (!context || (kAndroidLoggerWrite != context->read_write_flag)) {
+        return -EBADF;
+    }
+    if (context->overflow) {
+        return -EIO;
+    }
+    if (!value) {
+        value = "";
+        len = 0;
+    }
+    needed = sizeof(uint8_t) + sizeof(int32_t) + len;
+    if ((context->pos + needed) > MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD) {
+        /* Truncate string for delivery */
+        len = MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD - context->pos - 1 - sizeof(int32_t);
+        if (len <= 0) {
+            context->overflow = true;
+            return -EIO;
+        }
+    }
+    context->count[context->list_nest_depth]++;
+    context->storage[context->pos + 0] = EVENT_TYPE_STRING;
+    copy4LE(&context->storage[context->pos + 1], len);
+    if (len) {
+        memcpy(&context->storage[context->pos + 5], value, len);
+    }
+    context->pos += needed;
+    return len;
+}
diff --git a/libstats/statsd_writer.c b/libstats/statsd_writer.c
index 9953bba..f5be95c 100644
--- a/libstats/statsd_writer.c
+++ b/libstats/statsd_writer.c
@@ -15,8 +15,9 @@
  */
 #include "statsd_writer.h"
 
+#include <cutils/fs.h>
 #include <cutils/sockets.h>
-#include <endian.h>
+#include <cutils/threads.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
 #include <sys/un.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -37,7 +39,17 @@
 /* branchless on many architectures. */
 #define min(x, y) ((y) ^ (((x) ^ (y)) & -((x) < (y))))
 
+#ifndef htole32
+#if __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
+#define htole32(x) (x)
+#else
+#define htole32(x) __bswap_32(x)
+#endif
+#endif
+
 static pthread_mutex_t log_init_lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+static atomic_int dropped = 0;
+static atomic_int log_error = 0;
 
 void statsd_writer_init_lock() {
     /*
@@ -59,14 +71,16 @@
 static int statsdOpen();
 static void statsdClose();
 static int statsdWrite(struct timespec* ts, struct iovec* vec, size_t nr);
+static void statsdNoteDrop();
 
 struct android_log_transport_write statsdLoggerWrite = {
-    .name = "statsd",
-    .sock = -EBADF,
-    .available = statsdAvailable,
-    .open = statsdOpen,
-    .close = statsdClose,
-    .write = statsdWrite,
+        .name = "statsd",
+        .sock = -EBADF,
+        .available = statsdAvailable,
+        .open = statsdOpen,
+        .close = statsdClose,
+        .write = statsdWrite,
+        .noteDrop = statsdNoteDrop,
 };
 
 /* log_init_lock assumed */
@@ -75,7 +89,14 @@
 
     i = atomic_load(&statsdLoggerWrite.sock);
     if (i < 0) {
-        int sock = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(socket(PF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK, 0));
+        int flags = SOCK_DGRAM;
+#ifdef SOCK_CLOEXEC
+        flags |= SOCK_CLOEXEC;
+#endif
+#ifdef SOCK_NONBLOCK
+        flags |= SOCK_NONBLOCK;
+#endif
+        int sock = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(socket(PF_UNIX, flags, 0));
         if (sock < 0) {
             ret = -errno;
         } else {
@@ -131,6 +152,11 @@
     return 1;
 }
 
+static void statsdNoteDrop(int error) {
+    atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&dropped, 1, memory_order_relaxed);
+    atomic_exchange_explicit(&log_error, error, memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
 static int statsdWrite(struct timespec* ts, struct iovec* vec, size_t nr) {
     ssize_t ret;
     int sock;
@@ -138,7 +164,6 @@
     struct iovec newVec[nr + headerLength];
     android_log_header_t header;
     size_t i, payloadSize;
-    static atomic_int dropped;
 
     sock = atomic_load(&statsdLoggerWrite.sock);
     if (sock < 0) switch (sock) {
@@ -180,7 +205,8 @@
         if (snapshot) {
             android_log_event_int_t buffer;
             header.id = LOG_ID_STATS;
-            buffer.header.tag = htole32(LIBLOG_LOG_TAG);
+            // store the last log error in the tag field. This tag field is not used by statsd.
+            buffer.header.tag = htole32(atomic_load(&log_error));
             buffer.payload.type = EVENT_TYPE_INT;
             buffer.payload.data = htole32(snapshot);
 
@@ -252,8 +278,6 @@
 
     if (ret > (ssize_t)sizeof(header)) {
         ret -= sizeof(header);
-    } else if (ret == -EAGAIN) {
-        atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&dropped, 1, memory_order_relaxed);
     }
 
     return ret;
diff --git a/libstats/statsd_writer.h b/libstats/statsd_writer.h
index 82e14e0..4fc3f8b 100644
--- a/libstats/statsd_writer.h
+++ b/libstats/statsd_writer.h
@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@
     void (*close)();    /* free up resources */
     /* write log to transport, returns number of bytes propagated, or -errno */
     int (*write)(struct timespec* ts, struct iovec* vec, size_t nr);
+    /* note one log drop */
+    void (*noteDrop)(int error);
 };
 
 #endif  // ANDROID_STATS_LOG_STATS_WRITER_H
diff --git a/libsystem/include/system/camera.h b/libsystem/include/system/camera.h
index 7d79673..2ca90c3 100644
--- a/libsystem/include/system/camera.h
+++ b/libsystem/include/system/camera.h
@@ -158,8 +158,8 @@
      *
      * When any camera method returns error, the client can use ping command
      * to see if the camera has been taken away by other clients. If the result
-     * is NO_ERROR, it means the camera hardware is not released. If the result
-     * is not NO_ERROR, the camera has been released and the existing client
+     * is OK, it means the camera hardware is not released. If the result
+     * is not OK, the camera has been released and the existing client
      * can silently finish itself or show a dialog.
      */
     CAMERA_CMD_PING = 9,
diff --git a/libsysutils/Android.bp b/libsysutils/Android.bp
index 29d23c8..da5d86c 100644
--- a/libsysutils/Android.bp
+++ b/libsysutils/Android.bp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cc_library_shared {
+cc_library {
     name: "libsysutils",
     vendor_available: true,
     vndk: {
diff --git a/libsysutils/include/sysutils/FrameworkCommand.h b/libsysutils/include/sysutils/FrameworkCommand.h
index 3e6264b..db17ba7 100644
--- a/libsysutils/include/sysutils/FrameworkCommand.h
+++ b/libsysutils/include/sysutils/FrameworkCommand.h
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 #ifndef __FRAMEWORK_CMD_HANDLER_H
 #define __FRAMEWORK_CMD_HANDLER_H
 
-#include "List.h"
-
 class SocketClient;
 
 class FrameworkCommand { 
@@ -31,8 +29,7 @@
 
     virtual int runCommand(SocketClient *c, int argc, char **argv) = 0;
 
-    const char *getCommand() { return mCommand; }
+    const char* getCommand() const { return mCommand; }
 };
 
-typedef android::sysutils::List<FrameworkCommand *> FrameworkCommandCollection;
 #endif
diff --git a/libsysutils/include/sysutils/FrameworkListener.h b/libsysutils/include/sysutils/FrameworkListener.h
index d9a561a..93d99c4 100644
--- a/libsysutils/include/sysutils/FrameworkListener.h
+++ b/libsysutils/include/sysutils/FrameworkListener.h
@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@
 #define _FRAMEWORKSOCKETLISTENER_H
 
 #include "SocketListener.h"
-#include "FrameworkCommand.h"
 
+#include <vector>
+
+class FrameworkCommand;
 class SocketClient;
 
 class FrameworkListener : public SocketListener {
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@
 private:
     int mCommandCount;
     bool mWithSeq;
-    FrameworkCommandCollection *mCommands;
+    std::vector<FrameworkCommand*> mCommands;
     bool mSkipToNextNullByte;
 
 public:
diff --git a/libsysutils/include/sysutils/List.h b/libsysutils/include/sysutils/List.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 31f7b37..0000000
--- a/libsysutils/include/sysutils/List.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,334 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2005 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-//
-// Templated list class.  Normally we'd use STL, but we don't have that.
-// This class mimics STL's interfaces.
-//
-// Objects are copied into the list with the '=' operator or with copy-
-// construction, so if the compiler's auto-generated versions won't work for
-// you, define your own.
-//
-// The only class you want to use from here is "List".
-//
-#ifndef _SYSUTILS_LIST_H
-#define _SYSUTILS_LIST_H
-
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace sysutils {
-
-/*
- * Doubly-linked list.  Instantiate with "List<MyClass> myList".
- *
- * Objects added to the list are copied using the assignment operator,
- * so this must be defined.
- */
-template<typename T> 
-class List 
-{
-protected:
-    /*
-     * One element in the list.
-     */
-    class _Node {
-    public:
-        explicit _Node(const T& val) : mVal(val) {}
-        ~_Node() {}
-        inline T& getRef() { return mVal; }
-        inline const T& getRef() const { return mVal; }
-        inline _Node* getPrev() const { return mpPrev; }
-        inline _Node* getNext() const { return mpNext; }
-        inline void setVal(const T& val) { mVal = val; }
-        inline void setPrev(_Node* ptr) { mpPrev = ptr; }
-        inline void setNext(_Node* ptr) { mpNext = ptr; }
-    private:
-        friend class List;
-        friend class _ListIterator;
-        T           mVal;
-        _Node*      mpPrev;
-        _Node*      mpNext;
-    };
-
-    /*
-     * Iterator for walking through the list.
-     */
-    
-    template <typename TYPE>
-    struct CONST_ITERATOR {
-        typedef _Node const * NodePtr;
-        typedef const TYPE Type;
-    };
-    
-    template <typename TYPE>
-    struct NON_CONST_ITERATOR {
-        typedef _Node* NodePtr;
-        typedef TYPE Type;
-    };
-    
-    template<
-        typename U,
-        template <class> class Constness
-    > 
-    class _ListIterator {
-        typedef _ListIterator<U, Constness>     _Iter;
-        typedef typename Constness<U>::NodePtr  _NodePtr;
-        typedef typename Constness<U>::Type     _Type;
-
-        explicit _ListIterator(_NodePtr ptr) : mpNode(ptr) {}
-
-    public:
-        _ListIterator() {}
-        _ListIterator(const _Iter& rhs) : mpNode(rhs.mpNode) {}
-        ~_ListIterator() {}
-        
-        // this will handle conversions from iterator to const_iterator
-        // (and also all convertible iterators)
-        // Here, in this implementation, the iterators can be converted
-        // if the nodes can be converted
-        template<typename V> explicit 
-        _ListIterator(const V& rhs) : mpNode(rhs.mpNode) {}
-        
-
-        /*
-         * Dereference operator.  Used to get at the juicy insides.
-         */
-        _Type& operator*() const { return mpNode->getRef(); }
-        _Type* operator->() const { return &(mpNode->getRef()); }
-
-        /*
-         * Iterator comparison.
-         */
-        inline bool operator==(const _Iter& right) const { 
-            return mpNode == right.mpNode; }
-        
-        inline bool operator!=(const _Iter& right) const { 
-            return mpNode != right.mpNode; }
-
-        /*
-         * handle comparisons between iterator and const_iterator
-         */
-        template<typename OTHER>
-        inline bool operator==(const OTHER& right) const { 
-            return mpNode == right.mpNode; }
-        
-        template<typename OTHER>
-        inline bool operator!=(const OTHER& right) const { 
-            return mpNode != right.mpNode; }
-
-        /*
-         * Incr/decr, used to move through the list.
-         */
-        inline _Iter& operator++() {     // pre-increment
-            mpNode = mpNode->getNext();
-            return *this;
-        }
-        const _Iter operator++(int) {    // post-increment
-            _Iter tmp(*this);
-            mpNode = mpNode->getNext();
-            return tmp;
-        }
-        inline _Iter& operator--() {     // pre-increment
-            mpNode = mpNode->getPrev();
-            return *this;
-        }
-        const _Iter operator--(int) {   // post-increment
-            _Iter tmp(*this);
-            mpNode = mpNode->getPrev();
-            return tmp;
-        }
-
-        inline _NodePtr getNode() const { return mpNode; }
-
-        _NodePtr mpNode;    /* should be private, but older gcc fails */
-    private:
-        friend class List;
-    };
-
-public:
-    List() {
-        prep();
-    }
-    List(const List<T>& src) {      // copy-constructor
-        prep();
-        insert(begin(), src.begin(), src.end());
-    }
-    virtual ~List() {
-        clear();
-        delete[] (unsigned char*) mpMiddle;
-    }
-
-    typedef _ListIterator<T, NON_CONST_ITERATOR> iterator;
-    typedef _ListIterator<T, CONST_ITERATOR> const_iterator;
-
-    List<T>& operator=(const List<T>& right);
-
-    /* returns true if the list is empty */
-    inline bool empty() const { return mpMiddle->getNext() == mpMiddle; }
-
-    /* return #of elements in list */
-    size_t size() const {
-        return size_t(distance(begin(), end()));
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Return the first element or one past the last element.  The
-     * _Node* we're returning is converted to an "iterator" by a
-     * constructor in _ListIterator.
-     */
-    inline iterator begin() { 
-        return iterator(mpMiddle->getNext()); 
-    }
-    inline const_iterator begin() const { 
-        return const_iterator(const_cast<_Node const*>(mpMiddle->getNext())); 
-    }
-    inline iterator end() { 
-        return iterator(mpMiddle); 
-    }
-    inline const_iterator end() const { 
-        return const_iterator(const_cast<_Node const*>(mpMiddle)); 
-    }
-
-    /* add the object to the head or tail of the list */
-    void push_front(const T& val) { insert(begin(), val); }
-    void push_back(const T& val) { insert(end(), val); }
-
-    /* insert before the current node; returns iterator at new node */
-    iterator insert(iterator posn, const T& val) 
-    {
-        _Node* newNode = new _Node(val);        // alloc & copy-construct
-        newNode->setNext(posn.getNode());
-        newNode->setPrev(posn.getNode()->getPrev());
-        posn.getNode()->getPrev()->setNext(newNode);
-        posn.getNode()->setPrev(newNode);
-        return iterator(newNode);
-    }
-
-    /* insert a range of elements before the current node */
-    void insert(iterator posn, const_iterator first, const_iterator last) {
-        for ( ; first != last; ++first)
-            insert(posn, *first);
-    }
-
-    /* remove one entry; returns iterator at next node */
-    iterator erase(iterator posn) {
-        _Node* pNext = posn.getNode()->getNext();
-        _Node* pPrev = posn.getNode()->getPrev();
-        pPrev->setNext(pNext);
-        pNext->setPrev(pPrev);
-        delete posn.getNode();
-        return iterator(pNext);
-    }
-
-    /* remove a range of elements */
-    iterator erase(iterator first, iterator last) {
-        while (first != last)
-            erase(first++);     // don't erase than incr later!
-        return iterator(last);
-    }
-
-    /* remove all contents of the list */
-    void clear() {
-        _Node* pCurrent = mpMiddle->getNext();
-        _Node* pNext;
-
-        while (pCurrent != mpMiddle) {
-            pNext = pCurrent->getNext();
-            delete pCurrent;
-            pCurrent = pNext;
-        }
-        mpMiddle->setPrev(mpMiddle);
-        mpMiddle->setNext(mpMiddle);
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * Measure the distance between two iterators.  On exist, "first"
-     * will be equal to "last".  The iterators must refer to the same
-     * list.
-     *
-     * FIXME: This is actually a generic iterator function. It should be a 
-     * template function at the top-level with specializations for things like
-     * vector<>, which can just do pointer math). Here we limit it to
-     * _ListIterator of the same type but different constness.
-     */
-    template<
-        typename U,
-        template <class> class CL,
-        template <class> class CR
-    > 
-    ptrdiff_t distance(
-            _ListIterator<U, CL> first, _ListIterator<U, CR> last) const 
-    {
-        ptrdiff_t count = 0;
-        while (first != last) {
-            ++first;
-            ++count;
-        }
-        return count;
-    }
-
-private:
-    /*
-     * I want a _Node but don't need it to hold valid data.  More
-     * to the point, I don't want T's constructor to fire, since it
-     * might have side-effects or require arguments.  So, we do this
-     * slightly uncouth storage alloc.
-     */
-    void prep() {
-        mpMiddle = (_Node*) new unsigned char[sizeof(_Node)];
-        mpMiddle->setPrev(mpMiddle);
-        mpMiddle->setNext(mpMiddle);
-    }
-
-    /*
-     * This node plays the role of "pointer to head" and "pointer to tail".
-     * It sits in the middle of a circular list of nodes.  The iterator
-     * runs around the circle until it encounters this one.
-     */
-    _Node*      mpMiddle;
-};
-
-/*
- * Assignment operator.
- *
- * The simplest way to do this would be to clear out the target list and
- * fill it with the source.  However, we can speed things along by
- * re-using existing elements.
- */
-template<class T>
-List<T>& List<T>::operator=(const List<T>& right)
-{
-    if (this == &right)
-        return *this;       // self-assignment
-    iterator firstDst = begin();
-    iterator lastDst = end();
-    const_iterator firstSrc = right.begin();
-    const_iterator lastSrc = right.end();
-    while (firstSrc != lastSrc && firstDst != lastDst)
-        *firstDst++ = *firstSrc++;
-    if (firstSrc == lastSrc)        // ran out of elements in source?
-        erase(firstDst, lastDst);   // yes, erase any extras
-    else
-        insert(lastDst, firstSrc, lastSrc);     // copy remaining over
-    return *this;
-}
-
-}; // namespace sysutils
-}; // namespace android
-
-#endif // _SYSUTILS_LIST_H
diff --git a/libsysutils/src/FrameworkListener.cpp b/libsysutils/src/FrameworkListener.cpp
index 835e226..b07853a 100644
--- a/libsysutils/src/FrameworkListener.cpp
+++ b/libsysutils/src/FrameworkListener.cpp
@@ -28,8 +28,6 @@
 
 static const int CMD_BUF_SIZE = 1024;
 
-#define UNUSED __attribute__((unused))
-
 FrameworkListener::FrameworkListener(const char *socketName, bool withSeq) :
                             SocketListener(socketName, true, withSeq) {
     init(socketName, withSeq);
@@ -45,8 +43,7 @@
     init(nullptr, false);
 }
 
-void FrameworkListener::init(const char *socketName UNUSED, bool withSeq) {
-    mCommands = new FrameworkCommandCollection();
+void FrameworkListener::init(const char* /*socketName*/, bool withSeq) {
     errorRate = 0;
     mCommandCount = 0;
     mWithSeq = withSeq;
@@ -91,11 +88,10 @@
 }
 
 void FrameworkListener::registerCmd(FrameworkCommand *cmd) {
-    mCommands->push_back(cmd);
+    mCommands.push_back(cmd);
 }
 
 void FrameworkListener::dispatchCommand(SocketClient *cli, char *data) {
-    FrameworkCommandCollection::iterator i;
     int argc = 0;
     char *argv[FrameworkListener::CMD_ARGS_MAX];
     char tmp[CMD_BUF_SIZE];
@@ -193,9 +189,7 @@
         goto out;
     }
 
-    for (i = mCommands->begin(); i != mCommands->end(); ++i) {
-        FrameworkCommand *c = *i;
-
+    for (auto* c : mCommands) {
         if (!strcmp(argv[0], c->getCommand())) {
             if (c->runCommand(cli, argc, argv)) {
                 SLOGW("Handler '%s' error (%s)", c->getCommand(), strerror(errno));
diff --git a/libsysutils/src/NetlinkEvent.cpp b/libsysutils/src/NetlinkEvent.cpp
index 24ea7aa..9dc2699 100644
--- a/libsysutils/src/NetlinkEvent.cpp
+++ b/libsysutils/src/NetlinkEvent.cpp
@@ -374,6 +374,7 @@
                     continue;
                 if (!if_indextoname(* (int *) RTA_DATA(rta), dev))
                     return false;
+                continue;
             default:
                 continue;
         }
diff --git a/libsysutils/src/SocketClient.cpp b/libsysutils/src/SocketClient.cpp
index 0625db7..fe2f3d6 100644
--- a/libsysutils/src/SocketClient.cpp
+++ b/libsysutils/src/SocketClient.cpp
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <sysutils/SocketClient.h>
 
@@ -145,7 +147,8 @@
         switch (*arg) {
         case '\\':
         case '"':
-            *(current++) = '\\'; // fallthrough
+            *(current++) = '\\';
+            FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
         default:
             *(current++) = *(arg++);
         }
diff --git a/libsysutils/src/SocketListener_test.cpp b/libsysutils/src/SocketListener_test.cpp
index fed4546..d6bfd02 100644
--- a/libsysutils/src/SocketListener_test.cpp
+++ b/libsysutils/src/SocketListener_test.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <sysutils/FrameworkCommand.h>
 #include <sysutils/FrameworkListener.h>
 
 #include <poll.h>
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Android.bp b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
index be2145d..d1b8271 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Android.bp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
         "Elf.cpp",
         "ElfInterface.cpp",
         "ElfInterfaceArm.cpp",
+        "Global.cpp",
         "JitDebug.cpp",
         "Log.cpp",
         "MapInfo.cpp",
@@ -93,7 +94,10 @@
                 "DexFile.cpp",
                 "DexFiles.cpp",
             ],
-            exclude_shared_libs: ["libdexfile"],
+            exclude_shared_libs: [
+                "libdexfile_external",
+                "libdexfile_support",
+            ],
         },
         recovery: {
             cflags: ["-DNO_LIBDEXFILE_SUPPORT"],
@@ -101,7 +105,10 @@
                 "DexFile.cpp",
                 "DexFiles.cpp",
             ],
-            exclude_shared_libs: ["libdexfile"],
+            exclude_shared_libs: [
+                "libdexfile_external",
+                "libdexfile_support",
+            ],
         },
     },
 
@@ -120,13 +127,18 @@
         },
     },
 
+    whole_static_libs: [
+        "libdemangle"
+    ],
+
     static_libs: [
         "libprocinfo",
     ],
 
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
-        "libdexfile",
+        "libdexfile_external",
+        "libdexfile_support",
         "liblog",
         "liblzma",
     ],
@@ -178,16 +190,21 @@
         "tests/JitDebugTest.cpp",
         "tests/LocalUnwinderTest.cpp",
         "tests/LogFake.cpp",
+        "tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp",
+        "tests/MapInfoGetBuildIDTest.cpp",
         "tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp",
         "tests/MapInfoGetLoadBiasTest.cpp",
+        "tests/MapInfoTest.cpp",
         "tests/MapsTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryBufferTest.cpp",
+        "tests/MemoryCacheTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryFake.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryFileTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryLocalTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryOfflineBufferTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryOfflineTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp",
+        "tests/MemoryRangesTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryTest.cpp",
         "tests/RegsInfoTest.cpp",
@@ -210,7 +227,7 @@
         "liblog",
         "liblzma",
         "libunwindstack",
-        "libdexfile",
+        "libdexfile_support",
     ],
 
     static_libs: [
@@ -231,6 +248,8 @@
         "tests/files/offline/jit_map_arm/*",
         "tests/files/offline/gnu_debugdata_arm/*",
         "tests/files/offline/offset_arm/*",
+        "tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/*",
+        "tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/*",
         "tests/files/offline/straddle_arm/*",
         "tests/files/offline/straddle_arm64/*",
     ],
@@ -307,6 +326,29 @@
     ],
 }
 
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Benchmarks
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+cc_benchmark {
+    name: "unwind_benchmarks",
+    host_supported: true,
+    defaults: ["libunwindstack_flags"],
+
+    // Disable optimizations so that all of the calls are not optimized away.
+    cflags: [
+        "-O0",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: [
+        "benchmarks/unwind_benchmarks.cpp",
+    ],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libunwindstack",
+    ],
+}
+
 // Generates the elf data for use in the tests for .gnu_debugdata frames.
 // Once these files are generated, use the xz command to compress the data.
 cc_binary_host {
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DexFile.cpp b/libunwindstack/DexFile.cpp
index 8ec560c..eaf867f 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DexFile.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/DexFile.cpp
@@ -23,13 +23,7 @@
 #include <memory>
 
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
-
-#include <dex/class_accessor-inl.h>
-#include <dex/code_item_accessors-inl.h>
-#include <dex/compact_dex_file.h>
-#include <dex/dex_file-inl.h>
-#include <dex/dex_file_loader.h>
-#include <dex/standard_dex_file.h>
+#include <art_api/dex_file_support.h>
 
 #include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
 #include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
@@ -38,169 +32,71 @@
 
 namespace unwindstack {
 
-DexFile* DexFile::Create(uint64_t dex_file_offset_in_memory, Memory* memory, MapInfo* info) {
+std::unique_ptr<DexFile> DexFile::Create(uint64_t dex_file_offset_in_memory, Memory* memory,
+                                         MapInfo* info) {
   if (!info->name.empty()) {
-    std::unique_ptr<DexFileFromFile> dex_file(new DexFileFromFile);
-    if (dex_file->Open(dex_file_offset_in_memory - info->start + info->offset, info->name)) {
-      return dex_file.release();
+    std::unique_ptr<DexFile> dex_file =
+        DexFileFromFile::Create(dex_file_offset_in_memory - info->start + info->offset, info->name);
+    if (dex_file) {
+      return dex_file;
     }
   }
-
-  std::unique_ptr<DexFileFromMemory> dex_file(new DexFileFromMemory);
-  if (dex_file->Open(dex_file_offset_in_memory, memory)) {
-    return dex_file.release();
-  }
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-DexFileFromFile::~DexFileFromFile() {
-  if (size_ != 0) {
-    munmap(mapped_memory_, size_);
-  }
+  return DexFileFromMemory::Create(dex_file_offset_in_memory, memory, info->name);
 }
 
 bool DexFile::GetMethodInformation(uint64_t dex_offset, std::string* method_name,
                                    uint64_t* method_offset) {
-  if (dex_file_ == nullptr) {
+  art_api::dex::MethodInfo method_info = GetMethodInfoForOffset(dex_offset, false);
+  if (method_info.offset == 0) {
     return false;
   }
-
-  if (!dex_file_->IsInDataSection(dex_file_->Begin() + dex_offset)) {
-    return false;  // The DEX offset is not within the bytecode of this dex file.
-  }
-
-  if (dex_file_->IsCompactDexFile()) {
-    // The data section of compact dex files might be shared.
-    // Check the subrange unique to this compact dex.
-    const auto& cdex_header = dex_file_->AsCompactDexFile()->GetHeader();
-    uint32_t begin = cdex_header.data_off_ + cdex_header.OwnedDataBegin();
-    uint32_t end = cdex_header.data_off_ + cdex_header.OwnedDataEnd();
-    if (dex_offset < begin || dex_offset >= end) {
-      return false;  // The DEX offset is not within the bytecode of this dex file.
-    }
-  }
-
-  // The method data is cached in a std::map indexed by method end offset and
-  // contains the start offset and the method member index.
-  // Only cache the method data as it is searched. Do not read the entire
-  // set of method data into the cache at once.
-  // This is done because many unwinds only find a single frame with dex file
-  // info, so reading the entire method data is wasteful. However, still cache
-  // the data so that anything doing multiple unwinds will have this data
-  // cached for future use.
-
-  // First look in the method cache.
-  auto entry = method_cache_.upper_bound(dex_offset);
-  if (entry != method_cache_.end() && dex_offset >= entry->second.first) {
-    *method_name = dex_file_->PrettyMethod(entry->second.second, false);
-    *method_offset = dex_offset - entry->second.first;
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  // Check the methods we haven't cached.
-  for (; class_def_index_ < dex_file_->NumClassDefs(); class_def_index_++) {
-    art::ClassAccessor accessor(*dex_file_, dex_file_->GetClassDef(class_def_index_));
-
-    for (const art::ClassAccessor::Method& method : accessor.GetMethods()) {
-      art::CodeItemInstructionAccessor code = method.GetInstructions();
-      if (!code.HasCodeItem()) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      uint32_t offset = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(code.Insns()) - dex_file_->Begin();
-      uint32_t offset_end = offset + code.InsnsSizeInBytes();
-      uint32_t member_index = method.GetIndex();
-      method_cache_[offset_end] = std::make_pair(offset, member_index);
-      if (offset <= dex_offset && dex_offset < offset_end) {
-        *method_name = dex_file_->PrettyMethod(member_index, false);
-        *method_offset = dex_offset - offset;
-        return true;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return false;
+  *method_name = method_info.name;
+  *method_offset = dex_offset - method_info.offset;
+  return true;
 }
 
-bool DexFileFromFile::Open(uint64_t dex_file_offset_in_file, const std::string& file) {
+std::unique_ptr<DexFileFromFile> DexFileFromFile::Create(uint64_t dex_file_offset_in_file,
+                                                         const std::string& file) {
   android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(file.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
   if (fd == -1) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  struct stat buf;
-  if (fstat(fd, &buf) == -1) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  uint64_t length;
-  if (buf.st_size < 0 ||
-      __builtin_add_overflow(dex_file_offset_in_file, sizeof(art::DexFile::Header), &length) ||
-      static_cast<uint64_t>(buf.st_size) < length) {
-    return false;
+    return nullptr;
   }
 
-  mapped_memory_ = mmap(nullptr, buf.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, 0);
-  if (mapped_memory_ == MAP_FAILED) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  size_ = buf.st_size;
-
-  uint8_t* memory = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(mapped_memory_);
-
-  art::DexFile::Header* header =
-      reinterpret_cast<art::DexFile::Header*>(&memory[dex_file_offset_in_file]);
-  if (!art::StandardDexFile::IsMagicValid(header->magic_) &&
-      !art::CompactDexFile::IsMagicValid(header->magic_)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (__builtin_add_overflow(dex_file_offset_in_file, header->file_size_, &length) ||
-      static_cast<uint64_t>(buf.st_size) < length) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  art::DexFileLoader loader;
   std::string error_msg;
-  auto dex = loader.Open(&memory[dex_file_offset_in_file], header->file_size_, "", 0, nullptr,
-                         false, false, &error_msg);
-  dex_file_.reset(dex.release());
-  return dex_file_ != nullptr;
+  std::unique_ptr<art_api::dex::DexFile> art_dex_file =
+      OpenFromFd(fd, dex_file_offset_in_file, file, &error_msg);
+  if (art_dex_file == nullptr) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  return std::unique_ptr<DexFileFromFile>(new DexFileFromFile(std::move(*art_dex_file.release())));
 }
 
-bool DexFileFromMemory::Open(uint64_t dex_file_offset_in_memory, Memory* memory) {
-  memory_.resize(sizeof(art::DexFile::Header));
-  if (!memory->ReadFully(dex_file_offset_in_memory, memory_.data(), memory_.size())) {
-    return false;
-  }
+std::unique_ptr<DexFileFromMemory> DexFileFromMemory::Create(uint64_t dex_file_offset_in_memory,
+                                                             Memory* memory,
+                                                             const std::string& name) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> backing_memory;
 
-  art::DexFile::Header* header = reinterpret_cast<art::DexFile::Header*>(memory_.data());
-  uint32_t file_size = header->file_size_;
-  if (art::CompactDexFile::IsMagicValid(header->magic_)) {
-    // Compact dex file store data section separately so that it can be shared.
-    // Therefore we need to extend the read memory range to include it.
-    // TODO: This might be wasteful as we might read data in between as well.
-    //       In practice, this should be fine, as such sharing only happens on disk.
-    uint32_t computed_file_size;
-    if (__builtin_add_overflow(header->data_off_, header->data_size_, &computed_file_size)) {
-      return false;
+  for (size_t size = 0;;) {
+    std::string error_msg;
+    std::unique_ptr<art_api::dex::DexFile> art_dex_file =
+        OpenFromMemory(backing_memory.data(), &size, name, &error_msg);
+
+    if (art_dex_file != nullptr) {
+      return std::unique_ptr<DexFileFromMemory>(
+          new DexFileFromMemory(std::move(*art_dex_file.release()), std::move(backing_memory)));
     }
-    if (computed_file_size > file_size) {
-      file_size = computed_file_size;
+
+    if (!error_msg.empty()) {
+      return nullptr;
     }
-  } else if (!art::StandardDexFile::IsMagicValid(header->magic_)) {
-    return false;
+
+    backing_memory.resize(size);
+    if (!memory->ReadFully(dex_file_offset_in_memory, backing_memory.data(),
+                           backing_memory.size())) {
+      return nullptr;
+    }
   }
-
-  memory_.resize(file_size);
-  if (!memory->ReadFully(dex_file_offset_in_memory, memory_.data(), memory_.size())) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  header = reinterpret_cast<art::DexFile::Header*>(memory_.data());
-
-  art::DexFileLoader loader;
-  std::string error_msg;
-  auto dex =
-      loader.Open(memory_.data(), header->file_size_, "", 0, nullptr, false, false, &error_msg);
-  dex_file_.reset(dex.release());
-  return dex_file_ != nullptr;
 }
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DexFile.h b/libunwindstack/DexFile.h
index c123158..ca658e6 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DexFile.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/DexFile.h
@@ -25,48 +25,41 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <dex/dex_file-inl.h>
+#include <art_api/dex_file_support.h>
 
 namespace unwindstack {
 
-class DexFile {
+class DexFile : protected art_api::dex::DexFile {
  public:
-  DexFile() = default;
   virtual ~DexFile() = default;
 
   bool GetMethodInformation(uint64_t dex_offset, std::string* method_name, uint64_t* method_offset);
 
-  static DexFile* Create(uint64_t dex_file_offset_in_memory, Memory* memory, MapInfo* info);
+  static std::unique_ptr<DexFile> Create(uint64_t dex_file_offset_in_memory, Memory* memory,
+                                         MapInfo* info);
 
  protected:
-  void Init();
-
-  std::unique_ptr<const art::DexFile> dex_file_;
-  std::map<uint32_t, std::pair<uint64_t, uint32_t>> method_cache_;  // dex offset to method index.
-
-  uint32_t class_def_index_ = 0;
+  DexFile(art_api::dex::DexFile&& art_dex_file) : art_api::dex::DexFile(std::move(art_dex_file)) {}
 };
 
 class DexFileFromFile : public DexFile {
  public:
-  DexFileFromFile() = default;
-  virtual ~DexFileFromFile();
-
-  bool Open(uint64_t dex_file_offset_in_file, const std::string& name);
+  static std::unique_ptr<DexFileFromFile> Create(uint64_t dex_file_offset_in_file,
+                                                 const std::string& file);
 
  private:
-  void* mapped_memory_ = nullptr;
-  size_t size_ = 0;
+  DexFileFromFile(art_api::dex::DexFile&& art_dex_file) : DexFile(std::move(art_dex_file)) {}
 };
 
 class DexFileFromMemory : public DexFile {
  public:
-  DexFileFromMemory() = default;
-  virtual ~DexFileFromMemory() = default;
-
-  bool Open(uint64_t dex_file_offset_in_memory, Memory* memory);
+  static std::unique_ptr<DexFileFromMemory> Create(uint64_t dex_file_offset_in_memory,
+                                                   Memory* memory, const std::string& name);
 
  private:
+  DexFileFromMemory(art_api::dex::DexFile&& art_dex_file, std::vector<uint8_t>&& memory)
+      : DexFile(std::move(art_dex_file)), memory_(std::move(memory)) {}
+
   std::vector<uint8_t> memory_;
 };
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DexFiles.cpp b/libunwindstack/DexFiles.cpp
index 430f6c5..63a77e5 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DexFiles.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/DexFiles.cpp
@@ -43,19 +43,15 @@
   uint64_t dex_file;
 };
 
-DexFiles::DexFiles(std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory) : memory_(memory) {}
+DexFiles::DexFiles(std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory) : Global(memory) {}
 
 DexFiles::DexFiles(std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory, std::vector<std::string>& search_libs)
-    : memory_(memory), search_libs_(search_libs) {}
+    : Global(memory, search_libs) {}
 
-DexFiles::~DexFiles() {
-  for (auto& entry : files_) {
-    delete entry.second;
-  }
-}
+DexFiles::~DexFiles() {}
 
-void DexFiles::SetArch(ArchEnum arch) {
-  switch (arch) {
+void DexFiles::ProcessArch() {
+  switch (arch()) {
     case ARCH_ARM:
     case ARCH_MIPS:
     case ARCH_X86:
@@ -117,6 +113,11 @@
   return true;
 }
 
+bool DexFiles::ReadVariableData(uint64_t ptr_offset) {
+  entry_addr_ = (this->*read_entry_ptr_func_)(ptr_offset);
+  return entry_addr_ != 0;
+}
+
 void DexFiles::Init(Maps* maps) {
   if (initialized_) {
     return;
@@ -124,36 +125,7 @@
   initialized_ = true;
   entry_addr_ = 0;
 
-  const std::string dex_debug_name("__dex_debug_descriptor");
-  for (MapInfo* info : *maps) {
-    if (!(info->flags & PROT_EXEC) || !(info->flags & PROT_READ) || info->offset != 0) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if (!search_libs_.empty()) {
-      bool found = false;
-      const char* lib = basename(info->name.c_str());
-      for (const std::string& name : search_libs_) {
-        if (name == lib) {
-          found = true;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-      if (!found) {
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-
-    Elf* elf = info->GetElf(memory_, true);
-    uint64_t ptr;
-    // Find first non-empty list (libart might be loaded multiple times).
-    if (elf->GetGlobalVariable(dex_debug_name, &ptr) && ptr != 0) {
-      entry_addr_ = (this->*read_entry_ptr_func_)(ptr + info->start);
-      if (entry_addr_ != 0) {
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
+  FindAndReadVariable(maps, "__dex_debug_descriptor");
 }
 
 DexFile* DexFiles::GetDexFile(uint64_t dex_file_offset, MapInfo* info) {
@@ -161,10 +133,11 @@
   DexFile* dex_file;
   auto entry = files_.find(dex_file_offset);
   if (entry == files_.end()) {
-    dex_file = DexFile::Create(dex_file_offset, memory_.get(), info);
-    files_[dex_file_offset] = dex_file;
+    std::unique_ptr<DexFile> new_dex_file = DexFile::Create(dex_file_offset, memory_.get(), info);
+    dex_file = new_dex_file.get();
+    files_[dex_file_offset] = std::move(new_dex_file);
   } else {
-    dex_file = entry->second;
+    dex_file = entry->second.get();
   }
   return dex_file;
 }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfCfa.cpp b/libunwindstack/DwarfCfa.cpp
index cd9ef61..c128b9b 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfCfa.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfCfa.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 
 #include <unwindstack/DwarfError.h>
@@ -154,13 +155,15 @@
       break;
     case DwarfCfaInfo::DWARF_DISPLAY_ADVANCE_LOC:
       *cur_pc += value;
-    // Fall through to log the value.
+      FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
+      // Fall through to log the value.
     case DwarfCfaInfo::DWARF_DISPLAY_NUMBER:
       string += " " + std::to_string(value);
       break;
     case DwarfCfaInfo::DWARF_DISPLAY_SET_LOC:
       *cur_pc = value;
-    // Fall through to log the value.
+      FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
+      // Fall through to log the value.
     case DwarfCfaInfo::DWARF_DISPLAY_ADDRESS:
       if (std::is_same<AddressType, uint32_t>::value) {
         string += android::base::StringPrintf(" 0x%" PRIx32, static_cast<uint32_t>(value));
@@ -201,7 +204,7 @@
 bool DwarfCfa<AddressType>::LogInstruction(uint32_t indent, uint64_t cfa_offset, uint8_t op,
                                            uint64_t* cur_pc) {
   const auto* cfa = &DwarfCfaInfo::kTable[op];
-  if (cfa->name == nullptr) {
+  if (cfa->name[0] == '\0') {
     log(indent, "Illegal");
     log(indent, "Raw Data: 0x%02x", op);
     return true;
@@ -257,7 +260,7 @@
   }
 
   // Log any of the expression data.
-  for (const auto line : expression_lines) {
+  for (const auto& line : expression_lines) {
     log(indent + 1, "%s", line.c_str());
   }
   return true;
@@ -674,29 +677,29 @@
         {DW_EH_PE_uleb128, DW_EH_PE_block},
         {DWARF_DISPLAY_REGISTER, DWARF_DISPLAY_EVAL_BLOCK},
     },
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x17 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x18 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x19 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x1a illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x1b illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x1c DW_CFA_lo_user (Treat as illegal)
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x1d illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x1e illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x1f illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x20 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x21 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x22 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x23 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x24 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x25 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x26 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x27 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x28 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x29 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x2a illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x2b illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x2c illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x2d DW_CFA_GNU_window_save (Treat as illegal)
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x17 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x18 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x19 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x1a illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x1b illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x1c DW_CFA_lo_user (Treat as illegal)
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x1d illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x1e illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x1f illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x20 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x21 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x22 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x23 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x24 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x25 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x26 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x27 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x28 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x29 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x2a illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x2b illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x2c illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x2d DW_CFA_GNU_window_save (Treat as illegal)
     {
         "DW_CFA_GNU_args_size",  // 0x2e DW_CFA_GNU_args_size
         2,
@@ -711,21 +714,21 @@
         {DW_EH_PE_uleb128, DW_EH_PE_uleb128},
         {DWARF_DISPLAY_REGISTER, DWARF_DISPLAY_NUMBER},
     },
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x31 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x32 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x33 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x34 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x35 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x36 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x37 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x38 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x39 illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x3a illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x3b illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x3c illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x3d illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x3e illegal cfa
-    {nullptr, 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x3f DW_CFA_hi_user (Treat as illegal)
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x31 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x32 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x33 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x34 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x35 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x36 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x37 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x38 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x39 illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x3a illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x3b illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x3c illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x3d illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x3e illegal cfa
+    {"", 0, 0, {}, {}},  // 0x3f DW_CFA_hi_user (Treat as illegal)
 };
 
 // Explicitly instantiate DwarfCfa.
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfCfa.h b/libunwindstack/DwarfCfa.h
index c5ffb8e..569c17c 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfCfa.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfCfa.h
@@ -49,7 +49,14 @@
   };
 
   struct Info {
-    const char* name;
+    // It may seem cleaner to just change the type of 'name' to 'const char *'.
+    // However, having a pointer here would require relocation at runtime,
+    // causing 'kTable' to be placed in data.rel.ro section instead of rodata
+    // section, adding memory pressure to the system.  Note that this is only
+    // safe because this is only used in C++ code.  C++ standard, unlike C
+    // standard, mandates the array size to be large enough to hold the NULL
+    // terminator when initialized with a string literal.
+    const char name[36];
     uint8_t supported_version;
     uint8_t num_operands;
     uint8_t operands[2];
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.cpp b/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.cpp
index 6ffdc0d..b505900 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.cpp
@@ -104,7 +104,6 @@
 
 bool DwarfMemory::AdjustEncodedValue(uint8_t encoding, uint64_t* value) {
   CHECK((encoding & 0x0f) == 0);
-  CHECK(encoding != DW_EH_PE_aligned);
 
   // Handle the encoding.
   switch (encoding) {
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfSection.cpp b/libunwindstack/DwarfSection.cpp
index 6061f61..57a780e 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfSection.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfSection.cpp
@@ -461,6 +461,7 @@
       if (reg == eval_info->cie->return_address_register) {
         eval_info->return_address_undefined = true;
       }
+      break;
     default:
       break;
   }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp b/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp
index 4723606..2f5eed9 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 std::unordered_map<std::string, std::pair<std::shared_ptr<Elf>, bool>>* Elf::cache_;
 std::mutex* Elf::cache_lock_;
 
-bool Elf::Init(bool init_gnu_debugdata) {
+bool Elf::Init() {
   load_bias_ = 0;
   if (!memory_) {
     return false;
@@ -54,11 +54,7 @@
   valid_ = interface_->Init(&load_bias_);
   if (valid_) {
     interface_->InitHeaders(load_bias_);
-    if (init_gnu_debugdata) {
-      InitGnuDebugdata();
-    } else {
-      gnu_debugdata_interface_.reset(nullptr);
-    }
+    InitGnuDebugdata();
   } else {
     interface_.reset(nullptr);
   }
@@ -92,6 +88,11 @@
   }
 }
 
+void Elf::Invalidate() {
+  interface_.reset(nullptr);
+  valid_ = false;
+}
+
 bool Elf::GetSoname(std::string* name) {
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(lock_);
   return valid_ && interface_->GetSoname(name);
@@ -139,6 +140,13 @@
   return true;
 }
 
+std::string Elf::GetBuildID() {
+  if (!valid_) {
+    return "";
+  }
+  return interface_->GetBuildID();
+}
+
 void Elf::GetLastError(ErrorData* data) {
   if (valid_) {
     *data = interface_->last_error();
@@ -194,26 +202,26 @@
   return true;
 }
 
-void Elf::GetInfo(Memory* memory, bool* valid, uint64_t* size) {
+bool Elf::GetInfo(Memory* memory, uint64_t* size) {
   if (!IsValidElf(memory)) {
-    *valid = false;
-    return;
+    return false;
   }
   *size = 0;
-  *valid = true;
 
-  // Now read the section header information.
   uint8_t class_type;
   if (!memory->ReadFully(EI_CLASS, &class_type, 1)) {
-    return;
+    return false;
   }
+
+  // Get the maximum size of the elf data from the header.
   if (class_type == ELFCLASS32) {
     ElfInterface32::GetMaxSize(memory, size);
   } else if (class_type == ELFCLASS64) {
     ElfInterface64::GetMaxSize(memory, size);
   } else {
-    *valid = false;
+    return false;
   }
+  return true;
 }
 
 bool Elf::IsValidPc(uint64_t pc) {
@@ -379,4 +387,22 @@
   return false;
 }
 
+std::string Elf::GetBuildID(Memory* memory) {
+  if (!IsValidElf(memory)) {
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  uint8_t class_type;
+  if (!memory->Read(EI_CLASS, &class_type, 1)) {
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  if (class_type == ELFCLASS32) {
+    return ElfInterface::ReadBuildIDFromMemory<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Nhdr>(memory);
+  } else if (class_type == ELFCLASS64) {
+    return ElfInterface::ReadBuildIDFromMemory<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Nhdr>(memory);
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp b/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
index f59a472..c1b98d9 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
@@ -177,14 +177,14 @@
 template <typename EhdrType, typename PhdrType>
 uint64_t ElfInterface::GetLoadBias(Memory* memory) {
   EhdrType ehdr;
-  if (!memory->Read(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr))) {
+  if (!memory->ReadFully(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr))) {
     return false;
   }
 
   uint64_t offset = ehdr.e_phoff;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < ehdr.e_phnum; i++, offset += ehdr.e_phentsize) {
     PhdrType phdr;
-    if (!memory->Read(offset, &phdr, sizeof(phdr))) {
+    if (!memory->ReadFully(offset, &phdr, sizeof(phdr))) {
       return 0;
     }
     if (phdr.p_type == PT_LOAD && phdr.p_offset == 0) {
@@ -237,6 +237,58 @@
   }
 }
 
+template <typename NhdrType>
+std::string ElfInterface::ReadBuildID() {
+  // Ensure there is no overflow in any of the calulations below.
+  uint64_t tmp;
+  if (__builtin_add_overflow(gnu_build_id_offset_, gnu_build_id_size_, &tmp)) {
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  uint64_t offset = 0;
+  while (offset < gnu_build_id_size_) {
+    if (gnu_build_id_size_ - offset < sizeof(NhdrType)) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    NhdrType hdr;
+    if (!memory_->ReadFully(gnu_build_id_offset_ + offset, &hdr, sizeof(hdr))) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    offset += sizeof(hdr);
+
+    if (gnu_build_id_size_ - offset < hdr.n_namesz) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    if (hdr.n_namesz > 0) {
+      std::string name(hdr.n_namesz, '\0');
+      if (!memory_->ReadFully(gnu_build_id_offset_ + offset, &(name[0]), hdr.n_namesz)) {
+        return "";
+      }
+
+      // Trim trailing \0 as GNU is stored as a C string in the ELF file.
+      if (name.back() == '\0')
+        name.resize(name.size() - 1);
+
+      // Align hdr.n_namesz to next power multiple of 4. See man 5 elf.
+      offset += (hdr.n_namesz + 3) & ~3;
+
+      if (name == "GNU" && hdr.n_type == NT_GNU_BUILD_ID) {
+        if (gnu_build_id_size_ - offset < hdr.n_descsz || hdr.n_descsz == 0) {
+          return "";
+        }
+        std::string build_id(hdr.n_descsz - 1, '\0');
+        if (memory_->ReadFully(gnu_build_id_offset_ + offset, &build_id[0], hdr.n_descsz)) {
+          return build_id;
+        }
+        return "";
+      }
+    }
+    // Align hdr.n_descsz to next power multiple of 4. See man 5 elf.
+    offset += (hdr.n_descsz + 3) & ~3;
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
 template <typename EhdrType, typename ShdrType>
 void ElfInterface::ReadSectionHeaders(const EhdrType& ehdr) {
   uint64_t offset = ehdr.e_shoff;
@@ -258,7 +310,7 @@
   // Skip the first header, it's always going to be NULL.
   offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
   for (size_t i = 1; i < ehdr.e_shnum; i++, offset += ehdr.e_shentsize) {
-    if (!memory_->Read(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr))) {
+    if (!memory_->ReadFully(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr))) {
       return;
     }
 
@@ -270,7 +322,7 @@
         continue;
       }
       uint64_t str_offset = ehdr.e_shoff + shdr.sh_link * ehdr.e_shentsize;
-      if (!memory_->Read(str_offset, &str_shdr, sizeof(str_shdr))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadFully(str_offset, &str_shdr, sizeof(str_shdr))) {
         continue;
       }
       if (str_shdr.sh_type != SHT_STRTAB) {
@@ -308,6 +360,15 @@
       // In order to read soname, keep track of address to offset mapping.
       strtabs_.push_back(std::make_pair<uint64_t, uint64_t>(static_cast<uint64_t>(shdr.sh_addr),
                                                             static_cast<uint64_t>(shdr.sh_offset)));
+    } else if (shdr.sh_type == SHT_NOTE) {
+      if (shdr.sh_name < sec_size) {
+        std::string name;
+        if (memory_->ReadString(sec_offset + shdr.sh_name, &name) &&
+            name == ".note.gnu.build-id") {
+          gnu_build_id_offset_ = shdr.sh_offset;
+          gnu_build_id_size_ = shdr.sh_size;
+        }
+      }
     }
   }
 }
@@ -477,6 +538,103 @@
   *size = ehdr.e_shoff + ehdr.e_shentsize * ehdr.e_shnum;
 }
 
+template <typename EhdrType, typename ShdrType>
+bool GetBuildIDInfo(Memory* memory, uint64_t* build_id_offset, uint64_t* build_id_size) {
+  EhdrType ehdr;
+  if (!memory->ReadFully(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr))) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint64_t offset = ehdr.e_shoff;
+  uint64_t sec_offset;
+  uint64_t sec_size;
+  ShdrType shdr;
+  if (ehdr.e_shstrndx >= ehdr.e_shnum) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint64_t sh_offset = offset + ehdr.e_shstrndx * ehdr.e_shentsize;
+  if (!memory->ReadFully(sh_offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr))) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  sec_offset = shdr.sh_offset;
+  sec_size = shdr.sh_size;
+
+  // Skip the first header, it's always going to be NULL.
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+  for (size_t i = 1; i < ehdr.e_shnum; i++, offset += ehdr.e_shentsize) {
+    if (!memory->ReadFully(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr))) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    std::string name;
+    if (shdr.sh_type == SHT_NOTE && shdr.sh_name < sec_size &&
+        memory->ReadString(sec_offset + shdr.sh_name, &name) && name == ".note.gnu.build-id") {
+      *build_id_offset = shdr.sh_offset;
+      *build_id_size = shdr.sh_size;
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+template <typename EhdrType, typename ShdrType, typename NhdrType>
+std::string ElfInterface::ReadBuildIDFromMemory(Memory* memory) {
+  uint64_t note_offset;
+  uint64_t note_size;
+  if (!GetBuildIDInfo<EhdrType, ShdrType>(memory, &note_offset, &note_size)) {
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  // Ensure there is no overflow in any of the calculations below.
+  uint64_t tmp;
+  if (__builtin_add_overflow(note_offset, note_size, &tmp)) {
+    return "";
+  }
+
+  uint64_t offset = 0;
+  while (offset < note_size) {
+    if (note_size - offset < sizeof(NhdrType)) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    NhdrType hdr;
+    if (!memory->ReadFully(note_offset + offset, &hdr, sizeof(hdr))) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    offset += sizeof(hdr);
+
+    if (note_size - offset < hdr.n_namesz) {
+      return "";
+    }
+    if (hdr.n_namesz > 0) {
+      std::string name(hdr.n_namesz, '\0');
+      if (!memory->ReadFully(note_offset + offset, &(name[0]), hdr.n_namesz)) {
+        return "";
+      }
+
+      // Trim trailing \0 as GNU is stored as a C string in the ELF file.
+      if (name.back() == '\0') name.resize(name.size() - 1);
+
+      // Align hdr.n_namesz to next power multiple of 4. See man 5 elf.
+      offset += (hdr.n_namesz + 3) & ~3;
+
+      if (name == "GNU" && hdr.n_type == NT_GNU_BUILD_ID) {
+        if (note_size - offset < hdr.n_descsz || hdr.n_descsz == 0) {
+          return "";
+        }
+        std::string build_id(hdr.n_descsz - 1, '\0');
+        if (memory->ReadFully(note_offset + offset, &build_id[0], hdr.n_descsz)) {
+          return build_id;
+        }
+        return "";
+      }
+    }
+    // Align hdr.n_descsz to next power multiple of 4. See man 5 elf.
+    offset += (hdr.n_descsz + 3) & ~3;
+  }
+  return "";
+}
+
 // Instantiate all of the needed template functions.
 template void ElfInterface::InitHeadersWithTemplate<uint32_t>(uint64_t);
 template void ElfInterface::InitHeadersWithTemplate<uint64_t>(uint64_t);
@@ -492,6 +650,9 @@
 template void ElfInterface::ReadSectionHeaders<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(const Elf32_Ehdr&);
 template void ElfInterface::ReadSectionHeaders<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(const Elf64_Ehdr&);
 
+template std::string ElfInterface::ReadBuildID<Elf32_Nhdr>();
+template std::string ElfInterface::ReadBuildID<Elf64_Nhdr>();
+
 template bool ElfInterface::GetSonameWithTemplate<Elf32_Dyn>(std::string*);
 template bool ElfInterface::GetSonameWithTemplate<Elf64_Dyn>(std::string*);
 
@@ -509,4 +670,9 @@
 template uint64_t ElfInterface::GetLoadBias<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr>(Memory*);
 template uint64_t ElfInterface::GetLoadBias<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr>(Memory*);
 
+template std::string ElfInterface::ReadBuildIDFromMemory<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Nhdr>(
+    Memory*);
+template std::string ElfInterface::ReadBuildIDFromMemory<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Nhdr>(
+    Memory*);
+
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Global.cpp b/libunwindstack/Global.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdfd705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/Global.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <unwindstack/Global.h>
+#include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+Global::Global(std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory) : memory_(memory) {}
+Global::Global(std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory, std::vector<std::string>& search_libs)
+    : memory_(memory), search_libs_(search_libs) {}
+
+void Global::SetArch(ArchEnum arch) {
+  if (arch_ == ARCH_UNKNOWN) {
+    arch_ = arch;
+    ProcessArch();
+  }
+}
+
+uint64_t Global::GetVariableOffset(MapInfo* info, const std::string& variable) {
+  if (!search_libs_.empty()) {
+    bool found = false;
+    const char* lib = basename(info->name.c_str());
+    for (const std::string& name : search_libs_) {
+      if (name == lib) {
+        found = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (!found) {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  Elf* elf = info->GetElf(memory_, arch());
+  uint64_t ptr;
+  // Find first non-empty list (libraries might be loaded multiple times).
+  if (elf->GetGlobalVariable(variable, &ptr) && ptr != 0) {
+    return ptr + info->start;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void Global::FindAndReadVariable(Maps* maps, const char* var_str) {
+  std::string variable(var_str);
+  // When looking for global variables, do not arbitrarily search every
+  // readable map. Instead look for a specific pattern that must exist.
+  // The pattern should be a readable map, followed by a read-write
+  // map with a non-zero offset.
+  // For example:
+  //   f0000-f1000 0 r-- /system/lib/libc.so
+  //   f1000-f2000 1000 r-x /system/lib/libc.so
+  //   f2000-f3000 2000 rw- /system/lib/libc.so
+  // This also works:
+  //   f0000-f2000 0 r-- /system/lib/libc.so
+  //   f2000-f3000 2000 rw- /system/lib/libc.so
+  MapInfo* map_start = nullptr;
+  for (MapInfo* info : *maps) {
+    if (map_start != nullptr) {
+      if (map_start->name == info->name) {
+        if (info->offset != 0 &&
+            (info->flags & (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE)) == (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE)) {
+          uint64_t ptr = GetVariableOffset(map_start, variable);
+          if (ptr != 0 && ReadVariableData(ptr)) {
+            break;
+          } else {
+            // Failed to find the global variable, do not bother trying again.
+            map_start = nullptr;
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        map_start = nullptr;
+      }
+    }
+    if (map_start == nullptr && (info->flags & PROT_READ) && info->offset == 0 &&
+        !info->name.empty()) {
+      map_start = info;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/JitDebug.cpp b/libunwindstack/JitDebug.cpp
index 0c319ec..20bc4b9 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/JitDebug.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/JitDebug.cpp
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@
   uint64_t first_entry;
 };
 
-JitDebug::JitDebug(std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory) : memory_(memory) {}
+JitDebug::JitDebug(std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory) : Global(memory) {}
 
 JitDebug::JitDebug(std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory, std::vector<std::string>& search_libs)
-    : memory_(memory), search_libs_(search_libs) {}
+    : Global(memory, search_libs) {}
 
 JitDebug::~JitDebug() {
   for (auto* elf : elf_list_) {
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@
   return code.next;
 }
 
-void JitDebug::SetArch(ArchEnum arch) {
-  switch (arch) {
+void JitDebug::ProcessArch() {
+  switch (arch()) {
     case ARCH_X86:
       read_descriptor_func_ = &JitDebug::ReadDescriptor32;
       read_entry_func_ = &JitDebug::ReadEntry32Pack;
@@ -165,6 +165,11 @@
   }
 }
 
+bool JitDebug::ReadVariableData(uint64_t ptr) {
+  entry_addr_ = (this->*read_descriptor_func_)(ptr);
+  return entry_addr_ != 0;
+}
+
 void JitDebug::Init(Maps* maps) {
   if (initialized_) {
     return;
@@ -172,37 +177,7 @@
   // Regardless of what happens below, consider the init finished.
   initialized_ = true;
 
-  const std::string descriptor_name("__jit_debug_descriptor");
-  for (MapInfo* info : *maps) {
-    if (!(info->flags & PROT_EXEC) || !(info->flags & PROT_READ) || info->offset != 0) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if (!search_libs_.empty()) {
-      bool found = false;
-      const char* lib = basename(info->name.c_str());
-      for (std::string& name : search_libs_) {
-        if (strcmp(name.c_str(), lib) == 0) {
-          found = true;
-          break;
-        }
-      }
-      if (!found) {
-        continue;
-      }
-    }
-
-    Elf* elf = info->GetElf(memory_, true);
-    uint64_t descriptor_addr;
-    if (elf->GetGlobalVariable(descriptor_name, &descriptor_addr)) {
-      // Search for the first non-zero entry.
-      descriptor_addr += info->start;
-      entry_addr_ = (this->*read_descriptor_func_)(descriptor_addr);
-      if (entry_addr_ != 0) {
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
+  FindAndReadVariable(maps, "__jit_debug_descriptor");
 }
 
 Elf* JitDebug::GetElf(Maps* maps, uint64_t pc) {
@@ -226,7 +201,7 @@
     entry_addr_ = (this->*read_entry_func_)(&start, &size);
 
     Elf* elf = new Elf(new MemoryRange(memory_, start, size, 0));
-    elf->Init(true);
+    elf->Init();
     if (!elf->valid()) {
       // The data is not formatted in a way we understand, do not attempt
       // to process any other entries.
diff --git a/libunwindstack/LocalUnwinder.cpp b/libunwindstack/LocalUnwinder.cpp
index 952b332..5b2fadf 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/LocalUnwinder.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/LocalUnwinder.cpp
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@
 bool LocalUnwinder::Unwind(std::vector<LocalFrameData>* frame_info, size_t max_frames) {
   std::unique_ptr<unwindstack::Regs> regs(unwindstack::Regs::CreateFromLocal());
   unwindstack::RegsGetLocal(regs.get());
+  ArchEnum arch = regs->Arch();
 
   size_t num_frames = 0;
   bool adjust_pc = false;
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@
       break;
     }
 
-    Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(process_memory_, true);
+    Elf* elf = map_info->GetElf(process_memory_, arch);
     uint64_t rel_pc = elf->GetRelPc(cur_pc, map_info);
     uint64_t step_pc = rel_pc;
     uint64_t pc_adjustment;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp b/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
index 39378a3..f319971 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
@@ -29,6 +29,32 @@
 
 namespace unwindstack {
 
+bool MapInfo::InitFileMemoryFromPreviousReadOnlyMap(MemoryFileAtOffset* memory) {
+  // One last attempt, see if the previous map is read-only with the
+  // same name and stretches across this map.
+  if (prev_map == nullptr || prev_map->flags != PROT_READ) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint64_t map_size = end - prev_map->end;
+  if (!memory->Init(name, prev_map->offset, map_size)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint64_t max_size;
+  if (!Elf::GetInfo(memory, &max_size) || max_size < map_size) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (!memory->Init(name, prev_map->offset, max_size)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  elf_offset = offset - prev_map->offset;
+  elf_start_offset = prev_map->offset;
+  return true;
+}
+
 Memory* MapInfo::GetFileMemory() {
   std::unique_ptr<MemoryFileAtOffset> memory(new MemoryFileAtOffset);
   if (offset == 0) {
@@ -38,8 +64,12 @@
     return nullptr;
   }
 
-  // There are two possibilities when the offset is non-zero.
-  // - There is an elf file embedded in a file.
+  // These are the possibilities when the offset is non-zero.
+  // - There is an elf file embedded in a file, and the offset is the
+  //   the start of the elf in the file.
+  // - There is an elf file embedded in a file, and the offset is the
+  //   the start of the executable part of the file. The actual start
+  //   of the elf is in the read-only segment preceeding this map.
   // - The whole file is an elf file, and the offset needs to be saved.
   //
   // Map in just the part of the file for the map. If this is not
@@ -53,29 +83,47 @@
     return nullptr;
   }
 
-  bool valid;
-  uint64_t max_size;
-  Elf::GetInfo(memory.get(), &valid, &max_size);
-  if (!valid) {
-    // Init as if the whole file is an elf.
-    if (memory->Init(name, 0)) {
-      elf_offset = offset;
-      return memory.release();
+  // Check if the start of this map is an embedded elf.
+  uint64_t max_size = 0;
+  if (Elf::GetInfo(memory.get(), &max_size)) {
+    if (max_size > map_size) {
+      if (memory->Init(name, offset, max_size)) {
+        return memory.release();
+      }
+      // Try to reinit using the default map_size.
+      if (memory->Init(name, offset, map_size)) {
+        return memory.release();
+      }
+      return nullptr;
     }
-    return nullptr;
+    return memory.release();
   }
 
-  if (max_size > map_size) {
-    if (memory->Init(name, offset, max_size)) {
-      return memory.release();
+  // No elf at offset, try to init as if the whole file is an elf.
+  if (memory->Init(name, 0) && Elf::IsValidElf(memory.get())) {
+    elf_offset = offset;
+    // Need to check how to set the elf start offset. If this map is not
+    // the r-x map of a r-- map, then use the real offset value. Otherwise,
+    // use 0.
+    if (prev_map == nullptr || prev_map->offset != 0 || prev_map->flags != PROT_READ ||
+        prev_map->name != name) {
+      elf_start_offset = offset;
     }
-    // Try to reinit using the default map_size.
-    if (memory->Init(name, offset, map_size)) {
-      return memory.release();
-    }
-    return nullptr;
+    return memory.release();
   }
-  return memory.release();
+
+  // See if the map previous to this one contains a read-only map
+  // that represents the real start of the elf data.
+  if (InitFileMemoryFromPreviousReadOnlyMap(memory.get())) {
+    return memory.release();
+  }
+
+  // Failed to find elf at start of file or at read-only map, return
+  // file object from the current map.
+  if (memory->Init(name, offset, map_size)) {
+    return memory.release();
+  }
+  return nullptr;
 }
 
 Memory* MapInfo::CreateMemory(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory) {
@@ -98,14 +146,44 @@
     }
   }
 
-  // If the map isn't readable, don't bother trying to read from process memory.
-  if (!(flags & PROT_READ)) {
+  if (process_memory == nullptr) {
     return nullptr;
   }
-  return new MemoryRange(process_memory, start, end - start, 0);
+
+  // Need to verify that this elf is valid. It's possible that
+  // only part of the elf file to be mapped into memory is in the executable
+  // map. In this case, there will be another read-only map that includes the
+  // first part of the elf file. This is done if the linker rosegment
+  // option is used.
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryRange> memory(new MemoryRange(process_memory, start, end - start, 0));
+  if (Elf::IsValidElf(memory.get())) {
+    return memory.release();
+  }
+
+  // Find the read-only map by looking at the previous map. The linker
+  // doesn't guarantee that this invariant will always be true. However,
+  // if that changes, there is likely something else that will change and
+  // break something.
+  if (offset == 0 || name.empty() || prev_map == nullptr || prev_map->name != name ||
+      prev_map->offset >= offset) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  // Make sure that relative pc values are corrected properly.
+  elf_offset = offset - prev_map->offset;
+  // Use this as the elf start offset, otherwise, you always get offsets into
+  // the r-x section, which is not quite the right information.
+  elf_start_offset = prev_map->offset;
+
+  MemoryRanges* ranges = new MemoryRanges;
+  ranges->Insert(
+      new MemoryRange(process_memory, prev_map->start, prev_map->end - prev_map->start, 0));
+  ranges->Insert(new MemoryRange(process_memory, start, end - start, elf_offset));
+
+  return ranges;
 }
 
-Elf* MapInfo::GetElf(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory, bool init_gnu_debugdata) {
+Elf* MapInfo::GetElf(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory, ArchEnum expected_arch) {
   // Make sure no other thread is trying to add the elf to this map.
   std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
 
@@ -134,7 +212,11 @@
   elf.reset(new Elf(memory));
   // If the init fails, keep the elf around as an invalid object so we
   // don't try to reinit the object.
-  elf->Init(init_gnu_debugdata);
+  elf->Init();
+  if (elf->valid() && expected_arch != elf->arch()) {
+    // Make the elf invalid, mismatch between arch and expected arch.
+    elf->Invalidate();
+  }
 
   if (locked) {
     Elf::CacheAdd(this);
@@ -143,6 +225,19 @@
   return elf.get();
 }
 
+bool MapInfo::GetFunctionName(uint64_t addr, std::string* name, uint64_t* func_offset) {
+  {
+    // Make sure no other thread is trying to update this elf object.
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex_);
+    if (elf == nullptr) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  // No longer need the lock, once the elf object is created, it is not deleted
+  // until this object is deleted.
+  return elf->GetFunctionName(addr, name, func_offset);
+}
+
 uint64_t MapInfo::GetLoadBias(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory) {
   uint64_t cur_load_bias = load_bias.load();
   if (cur_load_bias != static_cast<uint64_t>(-1)) {
@@ -172,4 +267,48 @@
   return cur_load_bias;
 }
 
+MapInfo::~MapInfo() {
+  uintptr_t id = build_id.load();
+  if (id != 0) {
+    delete reinterpret_cast<std::string*>(id);
+  }
+}
+
+std::string MapInfo::GetBuildID() {
+  uintptr_t id = build_id.load();
+  if (build_id != 0) {
+    return *reinterpret_cast<std::string*>(id);
+  }
+
+  // No need to lock, at worst if multiple threads do this at the same
+  // time it should be detected and only one thread should win and
+  // save the data.
+  std::unique_ptr<std::string> cur_build_id(new std::string);
+
+  // Now need to see if the elf object exists.
+  // Make sure no other thread is trying to add the elf to this map.
+  mutex_.lock();
+  Elf* elf_obj = elf.get();
+  mutex_.unlock();
+  if (elf_obj != nullptr) {
+    *cur_build_id = elf_obj->GetBuildID();
+  } else {
+    // This will only work if we can get the file associated with this memory.
+    // If this is only available in memory, then the section name information
+    // is not present and we will not be able to find the build id info.
+    std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(GetFileMemory());
+    if (memory != nullptr) {
+      *cur_build_id = Elf::GetBuildID(memory.get());
+    }
+  }
+
+  id = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(cur_build_id.get());
+  uintptr_t expected_id = 0;
+  if (build_id.compare_exchange_weak(expected_id, id)) {
+    // Value saved, so make sure the memory is not freed.
+    cur_build_id.release();
+  }
+  return *reinterpret_cast<std::string*>(id);
+}
+
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Maps.cpp b/libunwindstack/Maps.cpp
index e676a5a..c90e383 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Maps.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Maps.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -66,13 +67,15 @@
         if (strncmp(name, "/dev/", 5) == 0 && strncmp(name + 5, "ashmem/", 7) != 0) {
           flags |= unwindstack::MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP;
         }
-        maps_.push_back(new MapInfo(start, end, pgoff, flags, name));
+        maps_.push_back(
+            new MapInfo(maps_.empty() ? nullptr : maps_.back(), start, end, pgoff, flags, name));
       });
 }
 
 void Maps::Add(uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint64_t offset, uint64_t flags,
                const std::string& name, uint64_t load_bias) {
-  MapInfo* map_info = new MapInfo(start, end, offset, flags, name);
+  MapInfo* map_info =
+      new MapInfo(maps_.empty() ? nullptr : maps_.back(), start, end, offset, flags, name);
   map_info->load_bias = load_bias;
   maps_.push_back(map_info);
 }
@@ -80,6 +83,13 @@
 void Maps::Sort() {
   std::sort(maps_.begin(), maps_.end(),
             [](const MapInfo* a, const MapInfo* b) { return a->start < b->start; });
+
+  // Set the prev_map values on the info objects.
+  MapInfo* prev_map = nullptr;
+  for (MapInfo* map_info : maps_) {
+    map_info->prev_map = prev_map;
+    prev_map = map_info;
+  }
 }
 
 Maps::~Maps() {
@@ -97,7 +107,8 @@
         if (strncmp(name, "/dev/", 5) == 0 && strncmp(name + 5, "ashmem/", 7) != 0) {
           flags |= unwindstack::MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP;
         }
-        maps_.push_back(new MapInfo(start, end, pgoff, flags, name));
+        maps_.push_back(
+            new MapInfo(maps_.empty() ? nullptr : maps_.back(), start, end, pgoff, flags, name));
       });
 }
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp b/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
index beb2aad..9904fef 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
+#include <string.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/ptrace.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
@@ -174,6 +175,13 @@
   return std::shared_ptr<Memory>(new MemoryRemote(pid));
 }
 
+std::shared_ptr<Memory> Memory::CreateProcessMemoryCached(pid_t pid) {
+  if (pid == getpid()) {
+    return std::shared_ptr<Memory>(new MemoryCache(new MemoryLocal()));
+  }
+  return std::shared_ptr<Memory>(new MemoryCache(new MemoryRemote(pid)));
+}
+
 size_t MemoryBuffer::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) {
   if (addr >= raw_.size()) {
     return 0;
@@ -316,6 +324,18 @@
   return memory_->Read(read_addr, dst, read_length);
 }
 
+void MemoryRanges::Insert(MemoryRange* memory) {
+  maps_.emplace(memory->offset() + memory->length(), memory);
+}
+
+size_t MemoryRanges::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) {
+  auto entry = maps_.upper_bound(addr);
+  if (entry != maps_.end()) {
+    return entry->second->Read(addr, dst, size);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
 bool MemoryOffline::Init(const std::string& file, uint64_t offset) {
   auto memory_file = std::make_shared<MemoryFileAtOffset>();
   if (!memory_file->Init(file, offset)) {
@@ -386,4 +406,50 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
+size_t MemoryCache::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) {
+  // Only bother caching and looking at the cache if this is a small read for now.
+  if (size > 64) {
+    return impl_->Read(addr, dst, size);
+  }
+
+  uint64_t addr_page = addr >> kCacheBits;
+  auto entry = cache_.find(addr_page);
+  uint8_t* cache_dst;
+  if (entry != cache_.end()) {
+    cache_dst = entry->second;
+  } else {
+    cache_dst = cache_[addr_page];
+    if (!impl_->ReadFully(addr_page << kCacheBits, cache_dst, kCacheSize)) {
+      // Erase the entry.
+      cache_.erase(addr_page);
+      return impl_->Read(addr, dst, size);
+    }
+  }
+  size_t max_read = ((addr_page + 1) << kCacheBits) - addr;
+  if (size <= max_read) {
+    memcpy(dst, &cache_dst[addr & kCacheMask], size);
+    return size;
+  }
+
+  // The read crossed into another cached entry, since a read can only cross
+  // into one extra cached page, duplicate the code rather than looping.
+  memcpy(dst, &cache_dst[addr & kCacheMask], max_read);
+  dst = &reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(dst)[max_read];
+  addr_page++;
+
+  entry = cache_.find(addr_page);
+  if (entry != cache_.end()) {
+    cache_dst = entry->second;
+  } else {
+    cache_dst = cache_[addr_page];
+    if (!impl_->ReadFully(addr_page << kCacheBits, cache_dst, kCacheSize)) {
+      // Erase the entry.
+      cache_.erase(addr_page);
+      return impl_->Read(addr_page << kCacheBits, dst, size - max_read) + max_read;
+    }
+  }
+  memcpy(dst, cache_dst, size - max_read);
+  return size;
+}
+
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/RegsArm.cpp b/libunwindstack/RegsArm.cpp
index de22bde..885dc94 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/RegsArm.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/RegsArm.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
 
 #include <functional>
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/RegsArm64.cpp b/libunwindstack/RegsArm64.cpp
index a68f6e0..e9787aa 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/RegsArm64.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/RegsArm64.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
 
 #include <functional>
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/RegsInfo.h b/libunwindstack/RegsInfo.h
index e6dd33c..e445a91 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/RegsInfo.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/RegsInfo.h
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
   }
 
   inline AddressType* Save(uint32_t reg) {
-    if (reg > MAX_REGISTERS) {
+    if (reg >= MAX_REGISTERS) {
       // This should never happen since all currently supported
       // architectures have < 64 total registers.
       abort();
diff --git a/libunwindstack/RegsMips.cpp b/libunwindstack/RegsMips.cpp
index 2e6908c..f330fe0 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/RegsMips.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/RegsMips.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
 
 #include <functional>
 
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@
   Memory* elf_memory = elf->memory();
   // Read from elf memory since it is usually more expensive to read from
   // process memory.
-  if (!elf_memory->Read(rel_pc, &data, sizeof(data))) {
+  if (!elf_memory->ReadFully(rel_pc, &data, sizeof(data))) {
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@
 
   // read sc_pc and sc_regs[32] from stack
   uint64_t values[MIPS_REG_LAST];
-  if (!process_memory->Read(regs_[MIPS_REG_SP] + offset, values, sizeof(values))) {
+  if (!process_memory->ReadFully(regs_[MIPS_REG_SP] + offset, values, sizeof(values))) {
     return false;
   }
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/RegsMips64.cpp b/libunwindstack/RegsMips64.cpp
index 0b835a1..3f67d92 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/RegsMips64.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/RegsMips64.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
 
 #include <functional>
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/RegsX86_64.cpp b/libunwindstack/RegsX86_64.cpp
index ebad3f4..74cd1cb 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/RegsX86_64.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/RegsX86_64.cpp
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
 
 #include <functional>
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Symbols.cpp b/libunwindstack/Symbols.cpp
index 14ebdbb..e3c15a2 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Symbols.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Symbols.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <elf.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <string>
 
 #include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Unwinder.cpp b/libunwindstack/Unwinder.cpp
index 099cc9e..0dd95cf 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Unwinder.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Unwinder.cpp
@@ -26,10 +26,13 @@
 
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 
+#include <demangle.h>
+
 #include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
 #include <unwindstack/JitDebug.h>
 #include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
 #include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
 #include <unwindstack/Unwinder.h>
 
 #if !defined(NO_LIBDEXFILE_SUPPORT)
@@ -59,7 +62,8 @@
   if (info != nullptr) {
     frame->map_start = info->start;
     frame->map_end = info->end;
-    frame->map_offset = info->offset;
+    frame->map_elf_start_offset = info->elf_start_offset;
+    frame->map_exact_offset = info->offset;
     frame->map_load_bias = info->load_bias;
     frame->map_flags = info->flags;
     if (resolve_names_) {
@@ -102,7 +106,8 @@
   if (resolve_names_) {
     frame->map_name = map_info->name;
   }
-  frame->map_offset = map_info->offset;
+  frame->map_elf_start_offset = map_info->elf_start_offset;
+  frame->map_exact_offset = map_info->offset;
   frame->map_start = map_info->start;
   frame->map_end = map_info->end;
   frame->map_flags = map_info->flags;
@@ -135,9 +140,10 @@
   last_error_.code = ERROR_NONE;
   last_error_.address = 0;
 
+  ArchEnum arch = regs_->Arch();
+
   bool return_address_attempt = false;
   bool adjust_pc = false;
-  std::unique_ptr<JitDebug> jit_debug;
   for (; frames_.size() < max_frames_;) {
     uint64_t cur_pc = regs_->pc();
     uint64_t cur_sp = regs_->sp();
@@ -155,7 +161,7 @@
       if (ShouldStop(map_suffixes_to_ignore, map_info->name)) {
         break;
       }
-      elf = map_info->GetElf(process_memory_, true);
+      elf = map_info->GetElf(process_memory_, arch);
       step_pc = regs_->pc();
       rel_pc = elf->GetRelPc(step_pc, map_info);
       // Everyone except elf data in gdb jit debug maps uses the relative pc.
@@ -190,6 +196,12 @@
         FillInDexFrame();
         // Clear the dex pc so that we don't repeat this frame later.
         regs_->set_dex_pc(0);
+
+        // Make sure there is enough room for the real frame.
+        if (frames_.size() == max_frames_) {
+          last_error_.code = ERROR_MAX_FRAMES_EXCEEDED;
+          break;
+        }
       }
 
       FillInFrame(map_info, elf, rel_pc, step_pc, pc_adjustment);
@@ -231,8 +243,14 @@
 
     if (!stepped) {
       if (return_address_attempt) {
-        // Remove the speculative frame.
-        frames_.pop_back();
+        // Only remove the speculative frame if there are more than two frames
+        // or the pc in the first frame is in a valid map.
+        // This allows for a case where the code jumps into the middle of
+        // nowhere, but there is no other unwind information after that.
+        if (frames_.size() != 2 || maps_->Find(frames_[0].pc) != nullptr) {
+          // Remove the speculative frame.
+          frames_.pop_back();
+        }
         break;
       } else if (in_device_map) {
         // Do not attempt any other unwinding, pc or sp is in a device
@@ -276,10 +294,6 @@
     data += android::base::StringPrintf("  #%02zu pc %016" PRIx64, frame.num, frame.rel_pc);
   }
 
-  if (frame.map_offset != 0) {
-    data += android::base::StringPrintf(" (offset 0x%" PRIx64 ")", frame.map_offset);
-  }
-
   if (frame.map_start == frame.map_end) {
     // No valid map associated with this frame.
     data += "  <unknown>";
@@ -288,8 +302,13 @@
   } else {
     data += android::base::StringPrintf("  <anonymous:%" PRIx64 ">", frame.map_start);
   }
+
+  if (frame.map_elf_start_offset != 0) {
+    data += android::base::StringPrintf(" (offset 0x%" PRIx64 ")", frame.map_elf_start_offset);
+  }
+
   if (!frame.function_name.empty()) {
-    data += " (" + frame.function_name;
+    data += " (" + demangle(frame.function_name.c_str());
     if (frame.function_offset != 0) {
       data += android::base::StringPrintf("+%" PRId64, frame.function_offset);
     }
@@ -310,4 +329,29 @@
 }
 #endif
 
+bool UnwinderFromPid::Init(ArchEnum arch) {
+  if (pid_ == getpid()) {
+    maps_ptr_.reset(new LocalMaps());
+  } else {
+    maps_ptr_.reset(new RemoteMaps(pid_));
+  }
+  if (!maps_ptr_->Parse()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  maps_ = maps_ptr_.get();
+
+  process_memory_ = Memory::CreateProcessMemoryCached(pid_);
+
+  jit_debug_ptr_.reset(new JitDebug(process_memory_));
+  jit_debug_ = jit_debug_ptr_.get();
+  SetJitDebug(jit_debug_, arch);
+#if !defined(NO_LIBDEXFILE_SUPPORT)
+  dex_files_ptr_.reset(new DexFiles(process_memory_));
+  dex_files_ = dex_files_ptr_.get();
+  SetDexFiles(dex_files_, arch);
+#endif
+
+  return true;
+}
+
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/benchmarks/unwind_benchmarks.cpp b/libunwindstack/benchmarks/unwind_benchmarks.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8caecc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/benchmarks/unwind_benchmarks.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include <android-base/strings.h>
+
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
+#include <unwindstack/RegsGetLocal.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Unwinder.h>
+
+size_t Call6(std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>& process_memory, unwindstack::Maps* maps) {
+  std::unique_ptr<unwindstack::Regs> regs(unwindstack::Regs::CreateFromLocal());
+  unwindstack::RegsGetLocal(regs.get());
+  unwindstack::Unwinder unwinder(32, maps, regs.get(), process_memory);
+  unwinder.Unwind();
+  return unwinder.NumFrames();
+}
+
+size_t Call5(std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>& process_memory, unwindstack::Maps* maps) {
+  return Call6(process_memory, maps);
+}
+
+size_t Call4(std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>& process_memory, unwindstack::Maps* maps) {
+  return Call5(process_memory, maps);
+}
+
+size_t Call3(std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>& process_memory, unwindstack::Maps* maps) {
+  return Call4(process_memory, maps);
+}
+
+size_t Call2(std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>& process_memory, unwindstack::Maps* maps) {
+  return Call3(process_memory, maps);
+}
+
+size_t Call1(std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>& process_memory, unwindstack::Maps* maps) {
+  return Call2(process_memory, maps);
+}
+
+static void BM_uncached_unwind(benchmark::State& state) {
+  auto process_memory = unwindstack::Memory::CreateProcessMemory(getpid());
+  unwindstack::LocalMaps maps;
+  if (!maps.Parse()) {
+    state.SkipWithError("Failed to parse local maps.");
+  }
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(Call1(process_memory, &maps));
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_uncached_unwind);
+
+static void BM_cached_unwind(benchmark::State& state) {
+  auto process_memory = unwindstack::Memory::CreateProcessMemoryCached(getpid());
+  unwindstack::LocalMaps maps;
+  if (!maps.Parse()) {
+    state.SkipWithError("Failed to parse local maps.");
+  }
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(Call1(process_memory, &maps));
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_cached_unwind);
+
+static void Initialize(benchmark::State& state, unwindstack::Maps& maps,
+                       unwindstack::MapInfo** build_id_map_info) {
+  if (!maps.Parse()) {
+    state.SkipWithError("Failed to parse local maps.");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Find the libc.so share library and use that for benchmark purposes.
+  *build_id_map_info = nullptr;
+  for (unwindstack::MapInfo* map_info : maps) {
+    if (map_info->offset == 0 && map_info->GetBuildID() != "") {
+      *build_id_map_info = map_info;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (*build_id_map_info == nullptr) {
+    state.SkipWithError("Failed to find a map with a BuildID.");
+  }
+}
+
+static void BM_get_build_id_from_elf(benchmark::State& state) {
+  unwindstack::LocalMaps maps;
+  unwindstack::MapInfo* build_id_map_info;
+  Initialize(state, maps, &build_id_map_info);
+
+  unwindstack::Elf* elf = build_id_map_info->GetElf(std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>(),
+                                                    unwindstack::Regs::CurrentArch());
+  if (!elf->valid()) {
+    state.SkipWithError("Cannot get valid elf from map.");
+  }
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    uintptr_t id = build_id_map_info->build_id;
+    if (id != 0) {
+      delete reinterpret_cast<std::string*>(id);
+      build_id_map_info->build_id = 0;
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(build_id_map_info->GetBuildID());
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_get_build_id_from_elf);
+
+static void BM_get_build_id_from_file(benchmark::State& state) {
+  unwindstack::LocalMaps maps;
+  unwindstack::MapInfo* build_id_map_info;
+  Initialize(state, maps, &build_id_map_info);
+
+  for (auto _ : state) {
+    uintptr_t id = build_id_map_info->build_id;
+    if (id != 0) {
+      delete reinterpret_cast<std::string*>(id);
+      build_id_map_info->build_id = 0;
+    }
+    benchmark::DoNotOptimize(build_id_map_info->GetBuildID());
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_get_build_id_from_file);
+
+BENCHMARK_MAIN();
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DexFiles.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DexFiles.h
index 26f5d35..0336173 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DexFiles.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DexFiles.h
@@ -25,16 +25,18 @@
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <unwindstack/Global.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
 namespace unwindstack {
 
 // Forward declarations.
 class DexFile;
 class Maps;
 struct MapInfo;
-class Memory;
 enum ArchEnum : uint8_t;
 
-class DexFiles {
+class DexFiles : public Global {
  public:
   explicit DexFiles(std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory);
   DexFiles(std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory, std::vector<std::string>& search_libs);
@@ -45,8 +47,6 @@
   void GetMethodInformation(Maps* maps, MapInfo* info, uint64_t dex_pc, std::string* method_name,
                             uint64_t* method_offset);
 
-  void SetArch(ArchEnum arch);
-
  private:
   void Init(Maps* maps);
 
@@ -60,12 +60,13 @@
 
   bool ReadEntry64();
 
-  std::shared_ptr<Memory> memory_;
-  std::vector<std::string> search_libs_;
+  bool ReadVariableData(uint64_t ptr_offset) override;
+
+  void ProcessArch() override;
 
   std::mutex lock_;
   bool initialized_ = false;
-  std::unordered_map<uint64_t, DexFile*> files_;
+  std::unordered_map<uint64_t, std::unique_ptr<DexFile>> files_;
 
   uint64_t entry_addr_ = 0;
   uint64_t (DexFiles::*read_entry_ptr_func_)(uint64_t) = nullptr;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h
index f4cdbda..00a249f 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h
@@ -53,10 +53,12 @@
   Elf(Memory* memory) : memory_(memory) {}
   virtual ~Elf() = default;
 
-  bool Init(bool init_gnu_debugdata);
+  bool Init();
 
   void InitGnuDebugdata();
 
+  void Invalidate();
+
   bool GetSoname(std::string* name);
 
   bool GetFunctionName(uint64_t addr, std::string* name, uint64_t* func_offset);
@@ -70,6 +72,8 @@
 
   ElfInterface* CreateInterfaceFromMemory(Memory* memory);
 
+  std::string GetBuildID();
+
   uint64_t GetLoadBias() { return load_bias_; }
 
   bool IsValidPc(uint64_t pc);
@@ -94,10 +98,12 @@
 
   static bool IsValidElf(Memory* memory);
 
-  static void GetInfo(Memory* memory, bool* valid, uint64_t* size);
+  static bool GetInfo(Memory* memory, uint64_t* size);
 
   static uint64_t GetLoadBias(Memory* memory);
 
+  static std::string GetBuildID(Memory* memory);
+
   static void SetCachingEnabled(bool enable);
   static bool CachingEnabled() { return cache_enabled_; }
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/ElfInterface.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/ElfInterface.h
index a45eba8..d41bb13 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/ElfInterface.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/ElfInterface.h
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@
 
   virtual bool GetGlobalVariable(const std::string& name, uint64_t* memory_address) = 0;
 
+  virtual std::string GetBuildID() = 0;
+
   virtual bool Step(uint64_t rel_pc, Regs* regs, Memory* process_memory, bool* finished);
 
   virtual bool IsValidPc(uint64_t pc);
@@ -85,6 +87,8 @@
   uint64_t debug_frame_size() { return debug_frame_size_; }
   uint64_t gnu_debugdata_offset() { return gnu_debugdata_offset_; }
   uint64_t gnu_debugdata_size() { return gnu_debugdata_size_; }
+  uint64_t gnu_build_id_offset() { return gnu_build_id_offset_; }
+  uint64_t gnu_build_id_size() { return gnu_build_id_size_; }
 
   DwarfSection* eh_frame() { return eh_frame_.get(); }
   DwarfSection* debug_frame() { return debug_frame_.get(); }
@@ -96,6 +100,9 @@
   template <typename EhdrType, typename PhdrType>
   static uint64_t GetLoadBias(Memory* memory);
 
+  template <typename EhdrType, typename ShdrType, typename NhdrType>
+  static std::string ReadBuildIDFromMemory(Memory* memory);
+
  protected:
   template <typename AddressType>
   void InitHeadersWithTemplate(uint64_t load_bias);
@@ -123,6 +130,9 @@
   template <typename EhdrType>
   static void GetMaxSizeWithTemplate(Memory* memory, uint64_t* size);
 
+  template <typename NhdrType>
+  std::string ReadBuildID();
+
   Memory* memory_;
   std::unordered_map<uint64_t, LoadInfo> pt_loads_;
 
@@ -143,6 +153,9 @@
   uint64_t gnu_debugdata_offset_ = 0;
   uint64_t gnu_debugdata_size_ = 0;
 
+  uint64_t gnu_build_id_offset_ = 0;
+  uint64_t gnu_build_id_size_ = 0;
+
   uint8_t soname_type_ = SONAME_UNKNOWN;
   std::string soname_;
 
@@ -182,6 +195,8 @@
     return ElfInterface::GetGlobalVariableWithTemplate<Elf32_Sym>(name, memory_address);
   }
 
+  std::string GetBuildID() override { return ElfInterface::ReadBuildID<Elf32_Nhdr>(); }
+
   static void GetMaxSize(Memory* memory, uint64_t* size) {
     GetMaxSizeWithTemplate<Elf32_Ehdr>(memory, size);
   }
@@ -212,6 +227,8 @@
     return ElfInterface::GetGlobalVariableWithTemplate<Elf64_Sym>(name, memory_address);
   }
 
+  std::string GetBuildID() override { return ElfInterface::ReadBuildID<Elf64_Nhdr>(); }
+
   static void GetMaxSize(Memory* memory, uint64_t* size) {
     GetMaxSizeWithTemplate<Elf64_Ehdr>(memory, size);
   }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Global.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Global.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7e6c15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Global.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_GLOBAL_H
+#define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_GLOBAL_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+// Forward declarations.
+class Maps;
+struct MapInfo;
+
+class Global {
+ public:
+  explicit Global(std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory);
+  Global(std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory, std::vector<std::string>& search_libs);
+  virtual ~Global() = default;
+
+  void SetArch(ArchEnum arch);
+
+  ArchEnum arch() { return arch_; }
+
+ protected:
+  uint64_t GetVariableOffset(MapInfo* info, const std::string& variable);
+  void FindAndReadVariable(Maps* maps, const char* variable);
+
+  virtual bool ReadVariableData(uint64_t offset) = 0;
+
+  virtual void ProcessArch() = 0;
+
+  ArchEnum arch_ = ARCH_UNKNOWN;
+
+  std::shared_ptr<Memory> memory_;
+  std::vector<std::string> search_libs_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
+
+#endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_GLOBAL_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/JitDebug.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/JitDebug.h
index 0bcd0b0..f64b04f 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/JitDebug.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/JitDebug.h
@@ -24,15 +24,17 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <unwindstack/Global.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
 namespace unwindstack {
 
 // Forward declarations.
 class Elf;
 class Maps;
-class Memory;
 enum ArchEnum : uint8_t;
 
-class JitDebug {
+class JitDebug : public Global {
  public:
   explicit JitDebug(std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory);
   JitDebug(std::shared_ptr<Memory>& memory, std::vector<std::string>& search_libs);
@@ -40,19 +42,9 @@
 
   Elf* GetElf(Maps* maps, uint64_t pc);
 
-  void SetArch(ArchEnum arch);
-
  private:
   void Init(Maps* maps);
 
-  std::shared_ptr<Memory> memory_;
-  uint64_t entry_addr_ = 0;
-  bool initialized_ = false;
-  std::vector<Elf*> elf_list_;
-  std::vector<std::string> search_libs_;
-
-  std::mutex lock_;
-
   uint64_t (JitDebug::*read_descriptor_func_)(uint64_t) = nullptr;
   uint64_t (JitDebug::*read_entry_func_)(uint64_t*, uint64_t*) = nullptr;
 
@@ -62,6 +54,16 @@
   uint64_t ReadEntry32Pack(uint64_t* start, uint64_t* size);
   uint64_t ReadEntry32Pad(uint64_t* start, uint64_t* size);
   uint64_t ReadEntry64(uint64_t* start, uint64_t* size);
+
+  bool ReadVariableData(uint64_t ptr_offset) override;
+
+  void ProcessArch() override;
+
+  uint64_t entry_addr_ = 0;
+  bool initialized_ = false;
+  std::vector<Elf*> elf_list_;
+
+  std::mutex lock_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h
index ac0df41..5143ff1 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h
@@ -25,30 +25,32 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
 
 namespace unwindstack {
 
-// Forward declarations.
-class Memory;
-
 struct MapInfo {
-  MapInfo() = default;
-  MapInfo(uint64_t start, uint64_t end) : start(start), end(end) {}
-  MapInfo(uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint64_t offset, uint64_t flags, const char* name)
+  MapInfo(MapInfo* map_info, uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint64_t offset, uint64_t flags,
+          const char* name)
       : start(start),
         end(end),
         offset(offset),
         flags(flags),
         name(name),
-        load_bias(static_cast<uint64_t>(-1)) {}
-  MapInfo(uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint64_t offset, uint64_t flags, const std::string& name)
+        prev_map(map_info),
+        load_bias(static_cast<uint64_t>(-1)),
+        build_id(0) {}
+  MapInfo(MapInfo* map_info, uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint64_t offset, uint64_t flags,
+          const std::string& name)
       : start(start),
         end(end),
         offset(offset),
         flags(flags),
         name(name),
-        load_bias(static_cast<uint64_t>(-1)) {}
-  ~MapInfo() = default;
+        prev_map(map_info),
+        load_bias(static_cast<uint64_t>(-1)),
+        build_id(0) {}
+  ~MapInfo();
 
   uint64_t start = 0;
   uint64_t end = 0;
@@ -57,25 +59,39 @@
   std::string name;
   std::shared_ptr<Elf> elf;
   // This value is only non-zero if the offset is non-zero but there is
-  // no elf signature found at that offset. This indicates that the
-  // entire file is represented by the Memory object returned by CreateMemory,
-  // instead of a portion of the file.
+  // no elf signature found at that offset.
   uint64_t elf_offset = 0;
+  // This value is the offset from the map in memory that is the start
+  // of the elf. This is not equal to offset when the linker splits
+  // shared libraries into a read-only and read-execute map.
+  uint64_t elf_start_offset = 0;
+
+  MapInfo* prev_map = nullptr;
 
   std::atomic_uint64_t load_bias;
 
+  // This is a pointer to a new'd std::string.
+  // Using an atomic value means that we don't need to lock and will
+  // make it easier to move to a fine grained lock in the future.
+  std::atomic_uintptr_t build_id;
+
   // This function guarantees it will never return nullptr.
-  Elf* GetElf(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory, bool init_gnu_debugdata = false);
+  Elf* GetElf(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory, ArchEnum expected_arch);
 
   uint64_t GetLoadBias(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory);
 
+  Memory* CreateMemory(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory);
+
+  bool GetFunctionName(uint64_t addr, std::string* name, uint64_t* func_offset);
+
+  std::string GetBuildID();
+
  private:
   MapInfo(const MapInfo&) = delete;
   void operator=(const MapInfo&) = delete;
 
   Memory* GetFileMemory();
-
-  Memory* CreateMemory(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory);
+  bool InitFileMemoryFromPreviousReadOnlyMap(MemoryFileAtOffset* memory);
 
   // Protect the creation of the elf object.
   std::mutex mutex_;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Memory.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Memory.h
index dee5e98..dba41d1 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Memory.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Memory.h
@@ -22,8 +22,10 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <atomic>
+#include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace unwindstack {
@@ -34,9 +36,12 @@
   virtual ~Memory() = default;
 
   static std::shared_ptr<Memory> CreateProcessMemory(pid_t pid);
+  static std::shared_ptr<Memory> CreateProcessMemoryCached(pid_t pid);
 
   virtual bool ReadString(uint64_t addr, std::string* string, uint64_t max_read = UINT64_MAX);
 
+  virtual void Clear() {}
+
   virtual size_t Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) = 0;
 
   bool ReadFully(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size);
@@ -50,6 +55,24 @@
   }
 };
 
+class MemoryCache : public Memory {
+ public:
+  MemoryCache(Memory* memory) : impl_(memory) {}
+  virtual ~MemoryCache() = default;
+
+  size_t Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) override;
+
+  void Clear() override { cache_.clear(); }
+
+ private:
+  constexpr static size_t kCacheBits = 12;
+  constexpr static size_t kCacheMask = (1 << kCacheBits) - 1;
+  constexpr static size_t kCacheSize = 1 << kCacheBits;
+  std::unordered_map<uint64_t, uint8_t[kCacheSize]> cache_;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> impl_;
+};
+
 class MemoryBuffer : public Memory {
  public:
   MemoryBuffer() = default;
@@ -119,6 +142,9 @@
 
   size_t Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) override;
 
+  uint64_t offset() { return offset_; }
+  uint64_t length() { return length_; }
+
  private:
   std::shared_ptr<Memory> memory_;
   uint64_t begin_;
@@ -126,6 +152,19 @@
   uint64_t offset_;
 };
 
+class MemoryRanges : public Memory {
+ public:
+  MemoryRanges() = default;
+  virtual ~MemoryRanges() = default;
+
+  void Insert(MemoryRange* memory);
+
+  size_t Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) override;
+
+ private:
+  std::map<uint64_t, std::unique_ptr<MemoryRange>> maps_;
+};
+
 class MemoryOffline : public Memory {
  public:
   MemoryOffline() = default;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Unwinder.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Unwinder.h
index 56b0581..ab239c1 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Unwinder.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Unwinder.h
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <unwindstack/DexFiles.h>
 #include <unwindstack/Error.h>
+#include <unwindstack/JitDebug.h>
 #include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
 #include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
 #include <unwindstack/Regs.h>
@@ -32,9 +34,7 @@
 namespace unwindstack {
 
 // Forward declarations.
-class DexFiles;
 class Elf;
-class JitDebug;
 enum ArchEnum : uint8_t;
 
 struct FrameData {
@@ -48,7 +48,13 @@
   uint64_t function_offset = 0;
 
   std::string map_name;
-  uint64_t map_offset = 0;
+  // The offset from the first map representing the frame. When there are
+  // two maps (read-only and read-execute) this will be the offset from
+  // the read-only map. When there is only one map, this will be the
+  // same as the actual offset of the map and match map_exact_offset.
+  uint64_t map_elf_start_offset = 0;
+  // The actual offset from the map where the pc lies.
+  uint64_t map_exact_offset = 0;
   uint64_t map_start = 0;
   uint64_t map_end = 0;
   uint64_t map_load_bias = 0;
@@ -61,6 +67,11 @@
       : max_frames_(max_frames), maps_(maps), regs_(regs), process_memory_(process_memory) {
     frames_.reserve(max_frames);
   }
+  Unwinder(size_t max_frames, Maps* maps, std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory)
+      : max_frames_(max_frames), maps_(maps), process_memory_(process_memory) {
+    frames_.reserve(max_frames);
+  }
+
   ~Unwinder() = default;
 
   void Unwind(const std::vector<std::string>* initial_map_names_to_skip = nullptr,
@@ -75,6 +86,10 @@
 
   void SetJitDebug(JitDebug* jit_debug, ArchEnum arch);
 
+  void SetRegs(Regs* regs) { regs_ = regs; }
+  Maps* GetMaps() { return maps_; }
+  std::shared_ptr<Memory>& GetProcessMemory() { return process_memory_; }
+
   // Disabling the resolving of names results in the function name being
   // set to an empty string and the function offset being set to zero.
   void SetResolveNames(bool resolve) { resolve_names_ = resolve; }
@@ -86,7 +101,9 @@
   ErrorCode LastErrorCode() { return last_error_.code; }
   uint64_t LastErrorAddress() { return last_error_.address; }
 
- private:
+ protected:
+  Unwinder(size_t max_frames) : max_frames_(max_frames) { frames_.reserve(max_frames); }
+
   void FillInDexFrame();
   void FillInFrame(MapInfo* map_info, Elf* elf, uint64_t rel_pc, uint64_t func_pc,
                    uint64_t pc_adjustment);
@@ -104,6 +121,22 @@
   ErrorData last_error_;
 };
 
+class UnwinderFromPid : public Unwinder {
+ public:
+  UnwinderFromPid(size_t max_frames, pid_t pid) : Unwinder(max_frames), pid_(pid) {}
+  ~UnwinderFromPid() = default;
+
+  bool Init(ArchEnum arch);
+
+ private:
+  pid_t pid_;
+  std::unique_ptr<Maps> maps_ptr_;
+  std::unique_ptr<JitDebug> jit_debug_ptr_;
+#if !defined(NO_LIBDEXFILE_SUPPORT)
+  std::unique_ptr<DexFiles> dex_files_ptr_;
+#endif
+};
+
 }  // namespace unwindstack
 
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_UNWINDER_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DexFileTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DexFileTest.cpp
index 4dd8cb0..0149a42 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DexFileTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DexFileTest.cpp
@@ -20,45 +20,35 @@
 
 #include <unordered_map>
 
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
-
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
 #include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
 
-#include <dex/code_item_accessors-inl.h>
-#include <dex/standard_dex_file.h>
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
 #include "DexFile.h"
-
 #include "DexFileData.h"
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 
 namespace unwindstack {
 
 TEST(DexFileTest, from_file_open_non_exist) {
-  DexFileFromFile dex_file;
-  ASSERT_FALSE(dex_file.Open(0, "/file/does/not/exist"));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DexFileFromFile::Create(0, "/file/does/not/exist") == nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(DexFileTest, from_file_open_too_small) {
   TemporaryFile tf;
   ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
 
-  ASSERT_EQ(sizeof(art::DexFile::Header) - 2,
-            static_cast<size_t>(
-                TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(tf.fd, kDexData, sizeof(art::DexFile::Header)) - 2)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(size_t{10}, static_cast<size_t>(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(tf.fd, kDexData, 10))));
 
   // Header too small.
-  DexFileFromFile dex_file;
-  ASSERT_FALSE(dex_file.Open(0, tf.path));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DexFileFromFile::Create(0, tf.path) == nullptr);
 
   // Header correct, file too small.
   ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek(tf.fd, 0, SEEK_SET));
-  ASSERT_EQ(sizeof(art::DexFile::Header), static_cast<size_t>(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(
-                                              tf.fd, kDexData, sizeof(art::DexFile::Header)))));
-  ASSERT_FALSE(dex_file.Open(0, tf.path));
+  ASSERT_EQ(sizeof(kDexData) - 1,
+            static_cast<size_t>(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(tf.fd, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData) - 1))));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DexFileFromFile::Create(0, tf.path) == nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(DexFileTest, from_file_open) {
@@ -68,8 +58,7 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(sizeof(kDexData),
             static_cast<size_t>(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(tf.fd, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData)))));
 
-  DexFileFromFile dex_file;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file.Open(0, tf.path));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DexFileFromFile::Create(0, tf.path) != nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(DexFileTest, from_file_open_non_zero_offset) {
@@ -80,35 +69,31 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(sizeof(kDexData),
             static_cast<size_t>(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(tf.fd, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData)))));
 
-  DexFileFromFile dex_file;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file.Open(0x100, tf.path));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DexFileFromFile::Create(0x100, tf.path) != nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(DexFileTest, from_memory_fail_too_small_for_header) {
   MemoryFake memory;
 
-  memory.SetMemory(0x1000, kDexData, sizeof(art::DexFile::Header) - 1);
-  DexFileFromMemory dex_file;
+  memory.SetMemory(0x1000, kDexData, 10);
 
-  ASSERT_FALSE(dex_file.Open(0x1000, &memory));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DexFileFromMemory::Create(0x1000, &memory, "") == nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(DexFileTest, from_memory_fail_too_small_for_data) {
   MemoryFake memory;
 
   memory.SetMemory(0x1000, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData) - 2);
-  DexFileFromMemory dex_file;
 
-  ASSERT_FALSE(dex_file.Open(0x1000, &memory));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DexFileFromMemory::Create(0x1000, &memory, "") == nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(DexFileTest, from_memory_open) {
   MemoryFake memory;
 
   memory.SetMemory(0x1000, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData));
-  DexFileFromMemory dex_file;
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file.Open(0x1000, &memory));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DexFileFromMemory::Create(0x1000, &memory, "") != nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(DexFileTest, create_using_file) {
@@ -120,9 +105,8 @@
             static_cast<size_t>(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(tf.fd, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData)))));
 
   MemoryFake memory;
-  MapInfo info(0, 0x10000, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
-  std::unique_ptr<DexFile> dex_file(DexFile::Create(0x500, &memory, &info));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file != nullptr);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0, 0x10000, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DexFile::Create(0x500, &memory, &info) != nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(DexFileTest, create_using_file_non_zero_start) {
@@ -134,9 +118,8 @@
             static_cast<size_t>(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(tf.fd, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData)))));
 
   MemoryFake memory;
-  MapInfo info(0x100, 0x10000, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
-  std::unique_ptr<DexFile> dex_file(DexFile::Create(0x600, &memory, &info));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file != nullptr);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DexFile::Create(0x600, &memory, &info) != nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(DexFileTest, create_using_file_non_zero_offset) {
@@ -148,25 +131,22 @@
             static_cast<size_t>(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(tf.fd, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData)))));
 
   MemoryFake memory;
-  MapInfo info(0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, tf.path);
-  std::unique_ptr<DexFile> dex_file(DexFile::Create(0x400, &memory, &info));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file != nullptr);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, tf.path);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DexFile::Create(0x400, &memory, &info) != nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(DexFileTest, create_using_memory_empty_file) {
   MemoryFake memory;
   memory.SetMemory(0x4000, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData));
-  MapInfo info(0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "");
-  std::unique_ptr<DexFile> dex_file(DexFile::Create(0x4000, &memory, &info));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file != nullptr);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DexFile::Create(0x4000, &memory, &info) != nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(DexFileTest, create_using_memory_file_does_not_exist) {
   MemoryFake memory;
   memory.SetMemory(0x4000, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData));
-  MapInfo info(0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "/does/not/exist");
-  std::unique_ptr<DexFile> dex_file(DexFile::Create(0x4000, &memory, &info));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file != nullptr);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "/does/not/exist");
+  EXPECT_TRUE(DexFile::Create(0x4000, &memory, &info) != nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(DexFileTest, create_using_memory_file_is_malformed) {
@@ -178,29 +158,20 @@
 
   MemoryFake memory;
   memory.SetMemory(0x4000, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData));
-  MapInfo info(0x4000, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "/does/not/exist");
-  std::unique_ptr<DexFile> dex_file(DexFile::Create(0x4000, &memory, &info));
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x4000, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "/does/not/exist");
+  std::unique_ptr<DexFile> dex_file = DexFile::Create(0x4000, &memory, &info);
   ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file != nullptr);
 
   // Check it came from memory by clearing memory and verifying it fails.
   memory.Clear();
-  dex_file.reset(DexFile::Create(0x4000, &memory, &info));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file == nullptr);
-}
-
-TEST(DexFileTest, get_method_not_opened) {
-  std::string method("something");
-  uint64_t method_offset = 100;
-  DexFile dex_file;
-  dex_file.GetMethodInformation(0x100, &method, &method_offset);
-  EXPECT_EQ("something", method);
-  EXPECT_EQ(100U, method_offset);
+  dex_file = DexFile::Create(0x4000, &memory, &info);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(dex_file == nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST(DexFileTest, get_method) {
   MemoryFake memory;
   memory.SetMemory(0x4000, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData));
-  MapInfo info(0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "");
   std::unique_ptr<DexFile> dex_file(DexFile::Create(0x4000, &memory, &info));
   ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file != nullptr);
 
@@ -213,21 +184,12 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file->GetMethodInformation(0x118, &method, &method_offset));
   EXPECT_EQ("Main.main", method);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, method_offset);
-
-  // Make sure that any data that is cached is still retrievable.
-  ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file->GetMethodInformation(0x104, &method, &method_offset));
-  EXPECT_EQ("Main.<init>", method);
-  EXPECT_EQ(4U, method_offset);
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file->GetMethodInformation(0x119, &method, &method_offset));
-  EXPECT_EQ("Main.main", method);
-  EXPECT_EQ(1U, method_offset);
 }
 
 TEST(DexFileTest, get_method_empty) {
   MemoryFake memory;
   memory.SetMemory(0x4000, kDexData, sizeof(kDexData));
-  MapInfo info(0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x10000, 0x200, 0x5, "");
   std::unique_ptr<DexFile> dex_file(DexFile::Create(0x4000, &memory, &info));
   ASSERT_TRUE(dex_file != nullptr);
 
@@ -236,12 +198,6 @@
   EXPECT_FALSE(dex_file->GetMethodInformation(0x100000, &method, &method_offset));
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(dex_file->GetMethodInformation(0x98, &method, &method_offset));
-
-  // Make sure that once the whole dex file has been cached, no problems occur.
-  EXPECT_FALSE(dex_file->GetMethodInformation(0x98, &method, &method_offset));
-
-  // Choose a value that is in the cached map, but not in a valid method.
-  EXPECT_FALSE(dex_file->GetMethodInformation(0x110, &method, &method_offset));
 }
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DexFilesTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DexFilesTest.cpp
index d029bb0..1ea9e5c 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DexFilesTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DexFilesTest.cpp
@@ -36,57 +36,54 @@
 
 class DexFilesTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
-  void SetUp() override {
-    memory_ = new MemoryFake;
-    process_memory_.reset(memory_);
-
-    dex_files_.reset(new DexFiles(process_memory_));
-    dex_files_->SetArch(ARCH_ARM);
-
-    maps_.reset(
-        new BufferMaps("1000-4000 ---s 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-                       "4000-6000 r--s 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-                       "6000-8000 -w-s 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-                       "a000-c000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-                       "c000-f000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-                       "f000-11000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-                       "100000-110000 rw-p 0000000 00:00 0\n"
-                       "200000-210000 rw-p 0000000 00:00 0\n"
-                       "300000-400000 rw-p 0000000 00:00 0\n"));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(maps_->Parse());
-
-    // Global variable in a section that is not readable/executable.
-    MapInfo* map_info = maps_->Get(kMapGlobalNonReadableExectable);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(map_info != nullptr);
+  void CreateFakeElf(MapInfo* map_info) {
     MemoryFake* memory = new MemoryFake;
     ElfFake* elf = new ElfFake(memory);
     elf->FakeSetValid(true);
     ElfInterfaceFake* interface = new ElfInterfaceFake(memory);
     elf->FakeSetInterface(interface);
+
     interface->FakeSetGlobalVariable("__dex_debug_descriptor", 0x800);
     map_info->elf.reset(elf);
+  }
+
+  void Init(ArchEnum arch) {
+    dex_files_.reset(new DexFiles(process_memory_));
+    dex_files_->SetArch(arch);
+
+    maps_.reset(
+        new BufferMaps("1000-4000 ---s 00000000 00:00 0 /fake/elf\n"
+                       "4000-6000 r--s 00000000 00:00 0 /fake/elf\n"
+                       "6000-8000 -wxs 00000000 00:00 0 /fake/elf\n"
+                       "a000-c000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0 /fake/elf2\n"
+                       "c000-f000 rw-p 00001000 00:00 0 /fake/elf2\n"
+                       "f000-11000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0 /fake/elf3\n"
+                       "100000-110000 rw-p 0001000 00:00 0 /fake/elf3\n"
+                       "200000-210000 rw-p 0002000 00:00 0 /fake/elf3\n"
+                       "300000-400000 rw-p 0003000 00:00 0 /fake/elf3\n"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(maps_->Parse());
+
+    // Global variable in a section that is not readable.
+    MapInfo* map_info = maps_->Get(kMapGlobalNonReadable);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(map_info != nullptr);
+    CreateFakeElf(map_info);
 
     // Global variable not set by default.
     map_info = maps_->Get(kMapGlobalSetToZero);
     ASSERT_TRUE(map_info != nullptr);
-    memory = new MemoryFake;
-    elf = new ElfFake(memory);
-    elf->FakeSetValid(true);
-    interface = new ElfInterfaceFake(memory);
-    elf->FakeSetInterface(interface);
-    interface->FakeSetGlobalVariable("__dex_debug_descriptor", 0x800);
-    map_info->elf.reset(elf);
+    CreateFakeElf(map_info);
 
     // Global variable set in this map.
     map_info = maps_->Get(kMapGlobal);
     ASSERT_TRUE(map_info != nullptr);
-    memory = new MemoryFake;
-    elf = new ElfFake(memory);
-    elf->FakeSetValid(true);
-    interface = new ElfInterfaceFake(memory);
-    elf->FakeSetInterface(interface);
-    interface->FakeSetGlobalVariable("__dex_debug_descriptor", 0x800);
-    map_info->elf.reset(elf);
+    CreateFakeElf(map_info);
+  }
+
+  void SetUp() override {
+    memory_ = new MemoryFake;
+    process_memory_.reset(memory_);
+
+    Init(ARCH_ARM);
   }
 
   void WriteDescriptor32(uint64_t addr, uint32_t head);
@@ -95,9 +92,10 @@
   void WriteEntry64(uint64_t entry_addr, uint64_t next, uint64_t prev, uint64_t dex_file);
   void WriteDex(uint64_t dex_file);
 
-  static constexpr size_t kMapGlobalNonReadableExectable = 3;
-  static constexpr size_t kMapGlobalSetToZero = 4;
+  static constexpr size_t kMapGlobalNonReadable = 2;
+  static constexpr size_t kMapGlobalSetToZero = 3;
   static constexpr size_t kMapGlobal = 5;
+  static constexpr size_t kMapGlobalRw = 6;
   static constexpr size_t kMapDexFileEntries = 7;
   static constexpr size_t kMapDexFiles = 8;
 
@@ -168,11 +166,12 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(DexFilesTest, get_method_information_64) {
+  Init(ARCH_ARM64);
+
   std::string method_name = "nothing";
   uint64_t method_offset = 0x124;
   MapInfo* info = maps_->Get(kMapDexFiles);
 
-  dex_files_->SetArch(ARCH_ARM64);
   WriteDescriptor64(0xf800, 0x200000);
   WriteEntry64(0x200000, 0, 0, 0x301000);
   WriteDex(0x301000);
@@ -198,11 +197,12 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(DexFilesTest, get_method_information_not_first_entry_64) {
+  Init(ARCH_ARM64);
+
   std::string method_name = "nothing";
   uint64_t method_offset = 0x124;
   MapInfo* info = maps_->Get(kMapDexFiles);
 
-  dex_files_->SetArch(ARCH_ARM64);
   WriteDescriptor64(0xf800, 0x200000);
   WriteEntry64(0x200000, 0x200100, 0, 0x100000);
   WriteEntry64(0x200100, 0, 0x200000, 0x300000);
@@ -256,6 +256,9 @@
   map_info->name = "/system/lib/libart.so";
   dex_files_.reset(new DexFiles(process_memory_, libs));
   dex_files_->SetArch(ARCH_ARM);
+  // Set the rw map to the same name or this will not scan this entry.
+  map_info = maps_->Get(kMapGlobalRw);
+  map_info->name = "/system/lib/libart.so";
   // Make sure that clearing out copy of the libs doesn't affect the
   // DexFiles object.
   libs.clear();
@@ -271,7 +274,7 @@
   MapInfo* info = maps_->Get(kMapDexFiles);
 
   // First global variable found, but value is zero.
-  WriteDescriptor32(0xc800, 0);
+  WriteDescriptor32(0xa800, 0);
 
   WriteDescriptor32(0xf800, 0x200000);
   WriteEntry32(0x200000, 0, 0, 0x300000);
@@ -286,25 +289,26 @@
   dex_files_->SetArch(ARCH_ARM);
   method_name = "fail";
   method_offset = 0x123;
-  WriteDescriptor32(0xc800, 0x100000);
+  WriteDescriptor32(0xa800, 0x100000);
   dex_files_->GetMethodInformation(maps_.get(), info, 0x300100, &method_name, &method_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("fail", method_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x123U, method_offset);
 }
 
 TEST_F(DexFilesTest, get_method_information_global_skip_zero_64) {
+  Init(ARCH_ARM64);
+
   std::string method_name = "nothing";
   uint64_t method_offset = 0x124;
   MapInfo* info = maps_->Get(kMapDexFiles);
 
   // First global variable found, but value is zero.
-  WriteDescriptor64(0xc800, 0);
+  WriteDescriptor64(0xa800, 0);
 
   WriteDescriptor64(0xf800, 0x200000);
   WriteEntry64(0x200000, 0, 0, 0x300000);
   WriteDex(0x300000);
 
-  dex_files_->SetArch(ARCH_ARM64);
   dex_files_->GetMethodInformation(maps_.get(), info, 0x300100, &method_name, &method_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("Main.<init>", method_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, method_offset);
@@ -314,7 +318,7 @@
   dex_files_->SetArch(ARCH_ARM64);
   method_name = "fail";
   method_offset = 0x123;
-  WriteDescriptor64(0xc800, 0x100000);
+  WriteDescriptor64(0xa800, 0x100000);
   dex_files_->GetMethodInformation(maps_.get(), info, 0x300100, &method_name, &method_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("fail", method_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x123U, method_offset);
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfMemoryTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfMemoryTest.cpp
index f12d2fe..650e965 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfMemoryTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfMemoryTest.cpp
@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@
   void ReadEncodedValue_overflow();
   template <typename AddressType>
   void ReadEncodedValue_high_bit_set();
+  template <typename AddressType>
+  void ReadEncodedValue_all();
 
   MemoryFake memory_;
   std::unique_ptr<DwarfMemory> dwarf_mem_;
@@ -457,6 +459,27 @@
   ReadEncodedValue_high_bit_set<uint64_t>();
 }
 
+template <typename AddressType>
+void DwarfMemoryTest::ReadEncodedValue_all() {
+  MemoryFakeAlwaysReadZero memory;
+  DwarfMemory dwarf_mem(&memory);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i <= 0xff; i++) {
+    uint64_t value;
+    if (dwarf_mem.ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(static_cast<uint8_t>(i), &value)) {
+      ASSERT_EQ(0U, value);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_all_uint32_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_all<uint32_t>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_all_uint64_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_all<uint64_t>();
+}
+
 TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, AdjustEncodedValue_absptr) {
   uint64_t value = 0x1234;
   ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->AdjustEncodedValue(0x00, &value));
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfCacheTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfCacheTest.cpp
index 89331ea..07fd6f6 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfCacheTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfCacheTest.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
@@ -79,12 +78,12 @@
 
   uint64_t start = 0x1000;
   uint64_t end = 0x20000;
-  MapInfo info1(start, end, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
-  MapInfo info2(start, end, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info1(nullptr, start, end, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info2(nullptr, start, end, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
 
-  Elf* elf1 = info1.GetElf(memory_, true);
+  Elf* elf1 = info1.GetElf(memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf1->valid());
-  Elf* elf2 = info2.GetElf(memory_, true);
+  Elf* elf2 = info2.GetElf(memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf2->valid());
 
   if (cache_enabled) {
@@ -120,22 +119,22 @@
   uint64_t start = 0x1000;
   uint64_t end = 0x20000;
   // Will have an elf at offset 0 in file.
-  MapInfo info0_1(start, end, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
-  MapInfo info0_2(start, end, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info0_1(nullptr, start, end, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info0_2(nullptr, start, end, 0, 0x5, tf.path);
   // Will have an elf at offset 0x100 in file.
-  MapInfo info100_1(start, end, 0x100, 0x5, tf.path);
-  MapInfo info100_2(start, end, 0x100, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info100_1(nullptr, start, end, 0x100, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info100_2(nullptr, start, end, 0x100, 0x5, tf.path);
   // Will have an elf at offset 0x200 in file.
-  MapInfo info200_1(start, end, 0x200, 0x5, tf.path);
-  MapInfo info200_2(start, end, 0x200, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info200_1(nullptr, start, end, 0x200, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info200_2(nullptr, start, end, 0x200, 0x5, tf.path);
   // Will have an elf at offset 0 in file.
-  MapInfo info300_1(start, end, 0x300, 0x5, tf.path);
-  MapInfo info300_2(start, end, 0x300, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info300_1(nullptr, start, end, 0x300, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info300_2(nullptr, start, end, 0x300, 0x5, tf.path);
 
-  Elf* elf0_1 = info0_1.GetElf(memory_, true);
+  Elf* elf0_1 = info0_1.GetElf(memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf0_1->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(ARCH_ARM, elf0_1->arch());
-  Elf* elf0_2 = info0_2.GetElf(memory_, true);
+  Elf* elf0_2 = info0_2.GetElf(memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf0_2->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(ARCH_ARM, elf0_2->arch());
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, info0_1.elf_offset);
@@ -146,10 +145,10 @@
     EXPECT_NE(elf0_1, elf0_2);
   }
 
-  Elf* elf100_1 = info100_1.GetElf(memory_, true);
+  Elf* elf100_1 = info100_1.GetElf(memory_, ARCH_X86);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf100_1->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(ARCH_X86, elf100_1->arch());
-  Elf* elf100_2 = info100_2.GetElf(memory_, true);
+  Elf* elf100_2 = info100_2.GetElf(memory_, ARCH_X86);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf100_2->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(ARCH_X86, elf100_2->arch());
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, info100_1.elf_offset);
@@ -160,10 +159,10 @@
     EXPECT_NE(elf100_1, elf100_2);
   }
 
-  Elf* elf200_1 = info200_1.GetElf(memory_, true);
+  Elf* elf200_1 = info200_1.GetElf(memory_, ARCH_X86_64);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf200_1->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(ARCH_X86_64, elf200_1->arch());
-  Elf* elf200_2 = info200_2.GetElf(memory_, true);
+  Elf* elf200_2 = info200_2.GetElf(memory_, ARCH_X86_64);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf200_2->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(ARCH_X86_64, elf200_2->arch());
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, info200_1.elf_offset);
@@ -174,10 +173,10 @@
     EXPECT_NE(elf200_1, elf200_2);
   }
 
-  Elf* elf300_1 = info300_1.GetElf(memory_, true);
+  Elf* elf300_1 = info300_1.GetElf(memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf300_1->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(ARCH_ARM, elf300_1->arch());
-  Elf* elf300_2 = info300_2.GetElf(memory_, true);
+  Elf* elf300_2 = info300_2.GetElf(memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf300_2->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(ARCH_ARM, elf300_2->arch());
   EXPECT_EQ(0x300U, info300_1.elf_offset);
@@ -217,15 +216,15 @@
   uint64_t start = 0x1000;
   uint64_t end = 0x20000;
   // Multiple info sections at different offsets will have non-zero elf offsets.
-  MapInfo info300_1(start, end, 0x300, 0x5, tf.path);
-  MapInfo info300_2(start, end, 0x300, 0x5, tf.path);
-  MapInfo info400_1(start, end, 0x400, 0x5, tf.path);
-  MapInfo info400_2(start, end, 0x400, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info300_1(nullptr, start, end, 0x300, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info300_2(nullptr, start, end, 0x300, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info400_1(nullptr, start, end, 0x400, 0x5, tf.path);
+  MapInfo info400_2(nullptr, start, end, 0x400, 0x5, tf.path);
 
-  Elf* elf300_1 = info300_1.GetElf(memory_, true);
+  Elf* elf300_1 = info300_1.GetElf(memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf300_1->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(ARCH_ARM, elf300_1->arch());
-  Elf* elf300_2 = info300_2.GetElf(memory_, true);
+  Elf* elf300_2 = info300_2.GetElf(memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf300_2->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(ARCH_ARM, elf300_2->arch());
   EXPECT_EQ(0x300U, info300_1.elf_offset);
@@ -236,10 +235,10 @@
     EXPECT_NE(elf300_1, elf300_2);
   }
 
-  Elf* elf400_1 = info400_1.GetElf(memory_, true);
+  Elf* elf400_1 = info400_1.GetElf(memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf400_1->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(ARCH_ARM, elf400_1->arch());
-  Elf* elf400_2 = info400_2.GetElf(memory_, true);
+  Elf* elf400_2 = info400_2.GetElf(memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf400_2->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(ARCH_ARM, elf400_2->arch());
   EXPECT_EQ(0x400U, info400_1.elf_offset);
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfFake.h b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfFake.h
index a3bf5ce..946bc3c 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfFake.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfFake.h
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@
 
   bool GetFunctionName(uint64_t, std::string*, uint64_t*) override;
   bool GetGlobalVariable(const std::string&, uint64_t*) override;
+  std::string GetBuildID() override { return fake_build_id_; }
 
   bool Step(uint64_t, Regs*, Memory*, bool*) override;
 
@@ -79,6 +80,9 @@
     globals_[global] = offset;
   }
 
+  void FakeSetBuildID(std::string& build_id) { fake_build_id_ = build_id; }
+  void FakeSetBuildID(const char* build_id) { fake_build_id_ = build_id; }
+
   static void FakePushFunctionData(const FunctionData data) { functions_.push_back(data); }
   static void FakePushStepData(const StepData data) { steps_.push_back(data); }
 
@@ -93,6 +97,7 @@
 
  private:
   std::unordered_map<std::string, uint64_t> globals_;
+  std::string fake_build_id_;
 
   static std::deque<FunctionData> functions_;
   static std::deque<StepData> steps_;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfInterfaceTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfInterfaceTest.cpp
index 9326bff..7239749 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfInterfaceTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfInterfaceTest.cpp
@@ -116,6 +116,21 @@
   void InitSym(uint64_t offset, uint32_t value, uint32_t size, uint32_t name_offset,
                uint64_t sym_offset, const char* name);
 
+  template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename Nhdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+  void BuildID();
+
+  template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename Nhdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+  void BuildIDTwoNotes();
+
+  template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename Nhdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+  void BuildIDSectionTooSmallForName();
+
+  template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename Nhdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+  void BuildIDSectionTooSmallForDesc();
+
+  template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename Nhdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+  void BuildIDSectionTooSmallForHeader();
+
   MemoryFake memory_;
 };
 
@@ -898,7 +913,7 @@
 
   Ehdr ehdr = {};
   ehdr.e_shoff = offset;
-  ehdr.e_shnum = 6;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 7;
   ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Shdr);
   ehdr.e_shstrndx = 2;
   memory_.SetMemory(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
@@ -958,10 +973,19 @@
   memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
   offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
 
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_NOTE;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x500;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0xb000;
+  shdr.sh_size = 0xf00;
+  memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
   memory_.SetMemory(0xf100, ".debug_frame", sizeof(".debug_frame"));
   memory_.SetMemory(0xf200, ".gnu_debugdata", sizeof(".gnu_debugdata"));
   memory_.SetMemory(0xf300, ".eh_frame", sizeof(".eh_frame"));
   memory_.SetMemory(0xf400, ".eh_frame_hdr", sizeof(".eh_frame_hdr"));
+  memory_.SetMemory(0xf500, ".note.gnu.build-id", sizeof(".note.gnu.build-id"));
 
   uint64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
@@ -974,6 +998,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(0x800U, elf->eh_frame_size());
   EXPECT_EQ(0xa000U, elf->eh_frame_hdr_offset());
   EXPECT_EQ(0xf00U, elf->eh_frame_hdr_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xb000U, elf->gnu_build_id_offset());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xf00U, elf->gnu_build_id_size());
 }
 
 TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets32) {
@@ -1153,4 +1179,314 @@
   EXPECT_FALSE(elf->IsValidPc(0x2a00));
 }
 
+template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename Nhdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+void ElfInterfaceTest::BuildID() {
+  std::unique_ptr<ElfInterfaceType> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
+
+  uint64_t offset = 0x2000;
+
+  Ehdr ehdr = {};
+  ehdr.e_shoff = offset;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 3;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Shdr);
+  ehdr.e_shstrndx = 2;
+  memory_.SetMemory(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  char note_section[128];
+  Nhdr note_header = {};
+  note_header.n_namesz = 4;  // "GNU"
+  note_header.n_descsz = 8; // "BUILDID"
+  note_header.n_type = NT_GNU_BUILD_ID;
+  memcpy(&note_section, &note_header, sizeof(note_header));
+  size_t note_offset = sizeof(note_header);
+  memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "GNU", sizeof("GNU"));
+  note_offset += sizeof("GNU");
+  memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "BUILDID", sizeof("BUILDID"));
+  note_offset += sizeof("BUILDID");
+
+  Shdr shdr = {};
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_NOTE;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x500;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0xb000;
+  shdr.sh_size = sizeof(note_section);
+  memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  // The string data for section header names.
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x20000;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0xf000;
+  shdr.sh_size = 0x1000;
+  memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  memory_.SetMemory(0xf500, ".note.gnu.build-id", sizeof(".note.gnu.build-id"));
+  memory_.SetMemory(0xb000, note_section, sizeof(note_section));
+
+  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
+  ASSERT_EQ("BUILDID", elf->GetBuildID());
+}
+
+template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename Nhdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+void ElfInterfaceTest::BuildIDTwoNotes() {
+  std::unique_ptr<ElfInterfaceType> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
+
+  uint64_t offset = 0x2000;
+
+  Ehdr ehdr = {};
+  ehdr.e_shoff = offset;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 3;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Shdr);
+  ehdr.e_shstrndx = 2;
+  memory_.SetMemory(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  char note_section[128];
+  Nhdr note_header = {};
+  note_header.n_namesz = 8;  // "WRONG" aligned to 4
+  note_header.n_descsz = 8; // "BUILDID"
+  note_header.n_type = NT_GNU_BUILD_ID;
+  memcpy(&note_section, &note_header, sizeof(note_header));
+  size_t note_offset = sizeof(note_header);
+  memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "WRONG", sizeof("WRONG"));
+  note_offset += 8;
+  memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "BUILDID", sizeof("BUILDID"));
+  note_offset += sizeof("BUILDID");
+
+  note_header.n_namesz = 4;  // "GNU"
+  note_header.n_descsz = 8; // "BUILDID"
+  note_header.n_type = NT_GNU_BUILD_ID;
+  memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], &note_header, sizeof(note_header));
+  note_offset += sizeof(note_header);
+  memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "GNU", sizeof("GNU"));
+  note_offset += sizeof("GNU");
+  memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "BUILDID", sizeof("BUILDID"));
+  note_offset += sizeof("BUILDID");
+
+  Shdr shdr = {};
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_NOTE;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x500;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0xb000;
+  shdr.sh_size = sizeof(note_section);
+  memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  // The string data for section header names.
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x20000;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0xf000;
+  shdr.sh_size = 0x1000;
+  memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  memory_.SetMemory(0xf500, ".note.gnu.build-id", sizeof(".note.gnu.build-id"));
+  memory_.SetMemory(0xb000, note_section, sizeof(note_section));
+
+  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
+  ASSERT_EQ("BUILDID", elf->GetBuildID());
+}
+
+template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename Nhdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+void ElfInterfaceTest::BuildIDSectionTooSmallForName () {
+  std::unique_ptr<ElfInterfaceType> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
+
+  uint64_t offset = 0x2000;
+
+  Ehdr ehdr = {};
+  ehdr.e_shoff = offset;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 3;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Shdr);
+  ehdr.e_shstrndx = 2;
+  memory_.SetMemory(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  char note_section[128];
+  Nhdr note_header = {};
+  note_header.n_namesz = 4;  // "GNU"
+  note_header.n_descsz = 8; // "BUILDID"
+  note_header.n_type = NT_GNU_BUILD_ID;
+  memcpy(&note_section, &note_header, sizeof(note_header));
+  size_t note_offset = sizeof(note_header);
+  memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "GNU", sizeof("GNU"));
+  note_offset += sizeof("GNU");
+  memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "BUILDID", sizeof("BUILDID"));
+  note_offset += sizeof("BUILDID");
+
+  Shdr shdr = {};
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_NOTE;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x500;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0xb000;
+  shdr.sh_size = sizeof(note_header) + 1;
+  memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  // The string data for section header names.
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x20000;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0xf000;
+  shdr.sh_size = 0x1000;
+  memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  memory_.SetMemory(0xf500, ".note.gnu.build-id", sizeof(".note.gnu.build-id"));
+  memory_.SetMemory(0xb000, note_section, sizeof(note_section));
+
+  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
+  ASSERT_EQ("", elf->GetBuildID());
+}
+
+template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename Nhdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+void ElfInterfaceTest::BuildIDSectionTooSmallForDesc () {
+  std::unique_ptr<ElfInterfaceType> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
+
+  uint64_t offset = 0x2000;
+
+  Ehdr ehdr = {};
+  ehdr.e_shoff = offset;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 3;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Shdr);
+  ehdr.e_shstrndx = 2;
+  memory_.SetMemory(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  char note_section[128];
+  Nhdr note_header = {};
+  note_header.n_namesz = 4;  // "GNU"
+  note_header.n_descsz = 8; // "BUILDID"
+  note_header.n_type = NT_GNU_BUILD_ID;
+  memcpy(&note_section, &note_header, sizeof(note_header));
+  size_t note_offset = sizeof(note_header);
+  memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "GNU", sizeof("GNU"));
+  note_offset += sizeof("GNU");
+  memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "BUILDID", sizeof("BUILDID"));
+  note_offset += sizeof("BUILDID");
+
+  Shdr shdr = {};
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_NOTE;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x500;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0xb000;
+  shdr.sh_size = sizeof(note_header) + sizeof("GNU") + 1;
+  memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  // The string data for section header names.
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x20000;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0xf000;
+  shdr.sh_size = 0x1000;
+  memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  memory_.SetMemory(0xf500, ".note.gnu.build-id", sizeof(".note.gnu.build-id"));
+  memory_.SetMemory(0xb000, note_section, sizeof(note_section));
+
+  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
+  ASSERT_EQ("", elf->GetBuildID());
+}
+
+template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename Nhdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+void ElfInterfaceTest::BuildIDSectionTooSmallForHeader () {
+  std::unique_ptr<ElfInterfaceType> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
+
+  uint64_t offset = 0x2000;
+
+  Ehdr ehdr = {};
+  ehdr.e_shoff = offset;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 3;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Shdr);
+  ehdr.e_shstrndx = 2;
+  memory_.SetMemory(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  char note_section[128];
+  Nhdr note_header = {};
+  note_header.n_namesz = 4;  // "GNU"
+  note_header.n_descsz = 8; // "BUILDID"
+  note_header.n_type = NT_GNU_BUILD_ID;
+  memcpy(&note_section, &note_header, sizeof(note_header));
+  size_t note_offset = sizeof(note_header);
+  memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "GNU", sizeof("GNU"));
+  note_offset += sizeof("GNU");
+  memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "BUILDID", sizeof("BUILDID"));
+  note_offset += sizeof("BUILDID");
+
+  Shdr shdr = {};
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_NOTE;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x500;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0xb000;
+  shdr.sh_size = sizeof(note_header) - 1;
+  memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  // The string data for section header names.
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x20000;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0xf000;
+  shdr.sh_size = 0x1000;
+  memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  memory_.SetMemory(0xf500, ".note.gnu.build-id", sizeof(".note.gnu.build-id"));
+  memory_.SetMemory(0xb000, note_section, sizeof(note_section));
+
+  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
+  ASSERT_EQ("", elf->GetBuildID());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id32) {
+  BuildID<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Nhdr, ElfInterface32>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id64) {
+  BuildID<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Nhdr, ElfInterface64>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_two_notes32) {
+  BuildIDTwoNotes<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Nhdr, ElfInterface32>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_two_notes64) {
+  BuildIDTwoNotes<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Nhdr, ElfInterface64>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_name32) {
+  BuildIDSectionTooSmallForName<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Nhdr, ElfInterface32>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_name64) {
+  BuildIDSectionTooSmallForName<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Nhdr, ElfInterface64>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_desc32) {
+  BuildIDSectionTooSmallForDesc<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Nhdr, ElfInterface32>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_desc64) {
+  BuildIDSectionTooSmallForDesc<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Nhdr, ElfInterface64>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_header32) {
+  BuildIDSectionTooSmallForHeader<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Nhdr, ElfInterface32>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_header64) {
+  BuildIDSectionTooSmallForHeader<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Nhdr, ElfInterface64>();
+}
+
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp
index 55fe16f..1ff2306 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@
 TEST_F(ElfTest, invalid_memory) {
   Elf elf(memory_);
 
-  ASSERT_FALSE(elf.Init(false));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf.Init());
   ASSERT_FALSE(elf.valid());
 }
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
   // Corrupt the ELF signature.
   memory_->SetData32(0, 0x7f000000);
 
-  ASSERT_FALSE(elf.Init(false));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf.Init());
   ASSERT_FALSE(elf.valid());
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.interface() == nullptr);
 
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
   InitElf32(EM_PPC);
 
   ResetLogs();
-  ASSERT_FALSE(elf.Init(false));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf.Init());
 
   ASSERT_EQ("", GetFakeLogBuf());
   ASSERT_EQ("4 unwind 32 bit elf that is neither arm nor x86 nor mips: e_machine = 20\n\n",
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
   InitElf64(EM_PPC64);
 
   ResetLogs();
-  ASSERT_FALSE(elf.Init(false));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf.Init());
 
   ASSERT_EQ("", GetFakeLogBuf());
   ASSERT_EQ("4 unwind 64 bit elf that is neither aarch64 nor x86_64 nor mips64: e_machine = 21\n\n",
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@
 
   InitElf32(EM_ARM);
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init(false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init());
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.valid());
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_ARM), elf.machine_type());
   ASSERT_EQ(ELFCLASS32, elf.class_type());
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
 
   InitElf32(EM_MIPS);
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init(false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init());
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.valid());
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_MIPS), elf.machine_type());
   ASSERT_EQ(ELFCLASS32, elf.class_type());
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
 
   InitElf32(EM_386);
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init(false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init());
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.valid());
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_386), elf.machine_type());
   ASSERT_EQ(ELFCLASS32, elf.class_type());
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
 
   InitElf64(EM_AARCH64);
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init(false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init());
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.valid());
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_AARCH64), elf.machine_type());
   ASSERT_EQ(ELFCLASS64, elf.class_type());
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@
 
   InitElf64(EM_X86_64);
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init(false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init());
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.valid());
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_X86_64), elf.machine_type());
   ASSERT_EQ(ELFCLASS64, elf.class_type());
@@ -227,41 +227,13 @@
 
   InitElf64(EM_MIPS);
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init(false));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init());
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.valid());
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_MIPS), elf.machine_type());
   ASSERT_EQ(ELFCLASS64, elf.class_type());
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.interface() != nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfTest, gnu_debugdata_init_fail32) {
-  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM, false,
-                                               [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
-                                                 memory_->SetMemory(offset, ptr, size);
-                                               });
-
-  Elf elf(memory_);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init(false));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.interface() != nullptr);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.gnu_debugdata_interface() == nullptr);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x1acU, elf.interface()->gnu_debugdata_offset());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x100U, elf.interface()->gnu_debugdata_size());
-}
-
-TEST_F(ElfTest, gnu_debugdata_init_fail64) {
-  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64, false,
-                                               [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
-                                                 memory_->SetMemory(offset, ptr, size);
-                                               });
-
-  Elf elf(memory_);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init(false));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.interface() != nullptr);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.gnu_debugdata_interface() == nullptr);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x200U, elf.interface()->gnu_debugdata_offset());
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x100U, elf.interface()->gnu_debugdata_size());
-}
-
 TEST_F(ElfTest, gnu_debugdata_init32) {
   TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM, true,
                                                [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
@@ -269,7 +241,7 @@
                                                });
 
   Elf elf(memory_);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init(true));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init());
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.interface() != nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.gnu_debugdata_interface() != nullptr);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1acU, elf.interface()->gnu_debugdata_offset());
@@ -283,7 +255,7 @@
                                                });
 
   Elf elf(memory_);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init(true));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf.Init());
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.interface() != nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf.gnu_debugdata_interface() != nullptr);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x200U, elf.interface()->gnu_debugdata_offset());
@@ -297,7 +269,7 @@
   elf.FakeSetInterface(interface);
 
   elf.FakeSetValid(true);
-  MapInfo map_info(0x1000, 0x2000);
+  MapInfo map_info(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, 0, "");
 
   ASSERT_EQ(0x101U, elf.GetRelPc(0x1101, &map_info));
 
@@ -339,6 +311,7 @@
   void InitHeaders(uint64_t) override {}
   bool GetSoname(std::string*) override { return false; }
   bool GetFunctionName(uint64_t, std::string*, uint64_t*) override { return false; }
+  std::string GetBuildID() override { return ""; }
 
   MOCK_METHOD4(Step, bool(uint64_t, Regs*, Memory*, bool*));
   MOCK_METHOD2(GetGlobalVariable, bool(const std::string&, uint64_t*));
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/JitDebugTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/JitDebugTest.cpp
index c1c45f8..b1ca111 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/JitDebugTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/JitDebugTest.cpp
@@ -35,27 +35,7 @@
 
 class JitDebugTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
-  void SetUp() override {
-    memory_ = new MemoryFake;
-    process_memory_.reset(memory_);
-
-    jit_debug_.reset(new JitDebug(process_memory_));
-    jit_debug_->SetArch(ARCH_ARM);
-
-    maps_.reset(
-        new BufferMaps("1000-4000 ---s 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-                       "4000-6000 r--s 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-                       "6000-8000 -w-s 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-                       "a000-c000 --xp 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-                       "c000-f000 rwxp 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-                       "f000-11000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-                       "12000-14000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0\n"
-                       "100000-110000 rw-p 0000000 00:00 0\n"
-                       "200000-210000 rw-p 0000000 00:00 0\n"));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(maps_->Parse());
-
-    MapInfo* map_info = maps_->Get(3);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(map_info != nullptr);
+  void CreateFakeElf(MapInfo* map_info) {
     MemoryFake* memory = new MemoryFake;
     ElfFake* elf = new ElfFake(memory);
     elf->FakeSetValid(true);
@@ -63,26 +43,43 @@
     elf->FakeSetInterface(interface);
     interface->FakeSetGlobalVariable("__jit_debug_descriptor", 0x800);
     map_info->elf.reset(elf);
+  }
+
+  void Init(ArchEnum arch) {
+    jit_debug_.reset(new JitDebug(process_memory_));
+    jit_debug_->SetArch(arch);
+
+    maps_.reset(
+        new BufferMaps("1000-4000 ---s 00000000 00:00 0 /fake/elf1\n"
+                       "4000-6000 r--s 00000000 00:00 0 /fake/elf1\n"
+                       "6000-8000 -wxs 00000000 00:00 0 /fake/elf1\n"
+                       "a000-c000 --xp 00000000 00:00 0 /fake/elf2\n"
+                       "c000-f000 rw-p 00001000 00:00 0 /fake/elf2\n"
+                       "f000-11000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0 /fake/elf3\n"
+                       "11000-12000 rw-p 00001000 00:00 0 /fake/elf3\n"
+                       "12000-14000 r--p 00000000 00:00 0 /fake/elf4\n"
+                       "100000-110000 rw-p 0001000 00:00 0 /fake/elf4\n"
+                       "200000-210000 rw-p 0002000 00:00 0 /fake/elf4\n"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(maps_->Parse());
+
+    MapInfo* map_info = maps_->Get(3);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(map_info != nullptr);
+    CreateFakeElf(map_info);
 
     map_info = maps_->Get(5);
     ASSERT_TRUE(map_info != nullptr);
-    memory = new MemoryFake;
-    elf = new ElfFake(memory);
-    elf->FakeSetValid(true);
-    interface = new ElfInterfaceFake(memory);
-    elf->FakeSetInterface(interface);
-    interface->FakeSetGlobalVariable("__jit_debug_descriptor", 0x800);
-    map_info->elf.reset(elf);
+    CreateFakeElf(map_info);
 
-    map_info = maps_->Get(6);
+    map_info = maps_->Get(7);
     ASSERT_TRUE(map_info != nullptr);
-    memory = new MemoryFake;
-    elf = new ElfFake(memory);
-    elf->FakeSetValid(true);
-    interface = new ElfInterfaceFake(memory);
-    elf->FakeSetInterface(interface);
-    interface->FakeSetGlobalVariable("__jit_debug_descriptor", 0x800);
-    map_info->elf.reset(elf);
+    CreateFakeElf(map_info);
+  }
+
+  void SetUp() override {
+    memory_ = new MemoryFake;
+    process_memory_.reset(memory_);
+
+    Init(ARCH_ARM);
   }
 
   template <typename EhdrType, typename ShdrType>
@@ -325,6 +322,8 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(JitDebugTest, get_elf_x86) {
+  Init(ARCH_X86);
+
   CreateElf<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(0x4000, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM, 0x1500, 0x200);
 
   WriteDescriptor32(0xf800, 0x200000);
@@ -342,12 +341,13 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(JitDebugTest, get_elf_64) {
+  Init(ARCH_ARM64);
+
   CreateElf<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(0x4000, ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64, 0x1500, 0x200);
 
   WriteDescriptor64(0xf800, 0x200000);
   WriteEntry64(0x200000, 0, 0, 0x4000, 0x1000);
 
-  jit_debug_->SetArch(ARCH_ARM64);
   Elf* elf = jit_debug_->GetElf(maps_.get(), 0x1500);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
 
@@ -397,6 +397,8 @@
   // Change the name of the map that includes the value and verify this works.
   MapInfo* map_info = maps_->Get(5);
   map_info->name = "/system/lib/libart.so";
+  map_info = maps_->Get(6);
+  map_info->name = "/system/lib/libart.so";
   jit_debug_.reset(new JitDebug(process_memory_, libs));
   // Make sure that clearing our copy of the libs doesn't affect the
   // JitDebug object.
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp
index 866b5b4..a66685a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoCreateMemoryTest.cpp
@@ -27,13 +27,14 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
 #include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
 #include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
 
+#include "ElfTestUtils.h"
 #include "MemoryFake.h"
 
 namespace unwindstack {
@@ -58,16 +59,16 @@
   }
 
   static void SetUpTestCase() {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
-    memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(12288, 0);
     memcpy(buffer.data(), ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
     buffer[EI_CLASS] = ELFCLASS32;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, buffer.data(), 1024));
 
     memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
-    memcpy(&buffer[0x100], ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
-    buffer[0x100 + EI_CLASS] = ELFCLASS64;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_at_100_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+    memcpy(&buffer[0x1000], ELFMAG, SELFMAG);
+    buffer[0x1000 + EI_CLASS] = ELFCLASS64;
+    buffer[0x2000] = 0xff;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_at_1000_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
 
     InitElf<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(elf32_at_map_.fd, 0x1000, 0x2000, ELFCLASS32);
     InitElf<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(elf64_at_map_.fd, 0x2000, 0x3000, ELFCLASS64);
@@ -83,18 +84,18 @@
 
   static TemporaryFile elf_;
 
-  static TemporaryFile elf_at_100_;
+  static TemporaryFile elf_at_1000_;
 
   static TemporaryFile elf32_at_map_;
   static TemporaryFile elf64_at_map_;
 };
 TemporaryFile MapInfoCreateMemoryTest::elf_;
-TemporaryFile MapInfoCreateMemoryTest::elf_at_100_;
+TemporaryFile MapInfoCreateMemoryTest::elf_at_1000_;
 TemporaryFile MapInfoCreateMemoryTest::elf32_at_map_;
 TemporaryFile MapInfoCreateMemoryTest::elf64_at_map_;
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, end_le_start) {
-  MapInfo info(0x100, 0x100, 0, 0, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x100, 0, 0, elf_.path);
 
   std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() == nullptr);
@@ -112,11 +113,12 @@
 // Verify that if the offset is non-zero but there is no elf at the offset,
 // that the full file is used.
 TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_full_file) {
-  MapInfo info(0x100, 0x200, 0x100, 0, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x200, 0x100, 0, elf_.path);
 
   std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
   ASSERT_EQ(0x100U, info.elf_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x100U, info.elf_start_offset);
 
   // Read the entire file.
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
@@ -128,16 +130,55 @@
   }
 
   ASSERT_FALSE(memory->ReadFully(1024, buffer.data(), 1));
+
+  // Now verify the elf start offset is set correctly based on the previous
+  // info.
+  MapInfo prev_info(nullptr, 0, 0x100, 0x10, 0, "");
+  info.prev_map = &prev_info;
+
+  // No preconditions met, change each one until it should set the elf start
+  // offset to zero.
+  info.elf_offset = 0;
+  info.elf_start_offset = 0;
+  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x100U, info.elf_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x100U, info.elf_start_offset);
+
+  prev_info.offset = 0;
+  info.elf_offset = 0;
+  info.elf_start_offset = 0;
+  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x100U, info.elf_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x100U, info.elf_start_offset);
+
+  prev_info.flags = PROT_READ;
+  info.elf_offset = 0;
+  info.elf_start_offset = 0;
+  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x100U, info.elf_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x100U, info.elf_start_offset);
+
+  prev_info.name = info.name;
+  info.elf_offset = 0;
+  info.elf_start_offset = 0;
+  memory.reset(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x100U, info.elf_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, info.elf_start_offset);
 }
 
 // Verify that if the offset is non-zero and there is an elf at that
 // offset, that only part of the file is used.
 TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file) {
-  MapInfo info(0x100, 0x200, 0x100, 0, elf_at_100_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x100, 0x200, 0x1000, 0, elf_at_1000_.path);
 
   std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
   ASSERT_EQ(0U, info.elf_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, info.elf_start_offset);
 
   // Read the valid part of the file.
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x100);
@@ -156,11 +197,12 @@
 // embedded elf is bigger than the initial map, the new object is larger
 // than the original map size. Do this for a 32 bit elf and a 64 bit elf.
 TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file_whole_elf32) {
-  MapInfo info(0x5000, 0x6000, 0x1000, 0, elf32_at_map_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x5000, 0x6000, 0x1000, 0, elf32_at_map_.path);
 
   std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
   ASSERT_EQ(0U, info.elf_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, info.elf_start_offset);
 
   // Verify the memory is a valid elf.
   uint8_t e_ident[SELFMAG + 1];
@@ -172,11 +214,12 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file_whole_elf64) {
-  MapInfo info(0x7000, 0x8000, 0x2000, 0, elf64_at_map_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x7000, 0x8000, 0x2000, 0, elf64_at_map_.path);
 
   std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
   ASSERT_EQ(0U, info.elf_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, info.elf_start_offset);
 
   // Verify the memory is a valid elf.
   uint8_t e_ident[SELFMAG + 1];
@@ -192,27 +235,24 @@
   // Set up some memory so that a valid local memory object would
   // be returned if the file mapping fails, but the device check is incorrect.
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
-  MapInfo info;
-  info.start = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(buffer.data());
-  info.end = info.start + buffer.size();
-  info.offset = 0;
+  uint64_t start = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(buffer.data());
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, start, start + buffer.size(), 0, 0x8000, "/dev/something");
 
-  info.flags = 0x8000;
-  info.name = "/dev/something";
   std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(info.CreateMemory(process_memory_));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() == nullptr);
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, process_memory) {
-  MapInfo info;
-  info.start = 0x2000;
-  info.end = 0x3000;
-  info.offset = 0;
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x2000, 0x3000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+
+  Elf32_Ehdr ehdr = {};
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
+  memcpy(buffer.data(), &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
 
   // Verify that the the process_memory object is used, so seed it
   // with memory.
-  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
+  for (size_t i = sizeof(ehdr); i < buffer.size(); i++) {
     buffer[i] = i % 256;
   }
   memory_->SetMemory(info.start, buffer.data(), buffer.size());
@@ -222,7 +262,8 @@
 
   memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory->ReadFully(0, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(&ehdr, buffer.data(), sizeof(ehdr)));
+  for (size_t i = sizeof(ehdr); i < buffer.size(); i++) {
     ASSERT_EQ(i % 256, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
   }
 
@@ -230,4 +271,130 @@
   ASSERT_FALSE(memory->ReadFully(buffer.size(), buffer.data(), 1));
 }
 
+TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, valid_rosegment_zero_offset) {
+  Maps maps;
+  maps.Add(0x500, 0x600, 0, PROT_READ, "something_else", 0);
+  maps.Add(0x1000, 0x2600, 0, PROT_READ, "/only/in/memory.so", 0);
+  maps.Add(0x3000, 0x5000, 0x4000, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, "/only/in/memory.so", 0);
+
+  Elf32_Ehdr ehdr = {};
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
+  memory_->SetMemory(0x1000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x1000 + sizeof(ehdr), 0x1600 - sizeof(ehdr), 0xab);
+
+  // Set the memory in the r-x map.
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x3000, 0x2000, 0x5d);
+
+  MapInfo* map_info = maps.Find(0x3000);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(map_info != nullptr);
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> mem(map_info->CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mem.get() != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x4000UL, map_info->elf_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x4000UL, map_info->offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, map_info->elf_start_offset);
+
+  // Verify that reading values from this memory works properly.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x4000);
+  size_t bytes = mem->Read(0, buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1600UL, bytes);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(&ehdr, buffer.data(), sizeof(ehdr)));
+  for (size_t i = sizeof(ehdr); i < bytes; i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0xab, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+
+  bytes = mem->Read(0x4000, buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x2000UL, bytes);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes; i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x5d, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, valid_rosegment_non_zero_offset) {
+  Maps maps;
+  maps.Add(0x500, 0x600, 0, PROT_READ, "something_else", 0);
+  maps.Add(0x1000, 0x2000, 0, PROT_READ, "/only/in/memory.apk", 0);
+  maps.Add(0x2000, 0x3000, 0x1000, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, "/only/in/memory.apk", 0);
+  maps.Add(0x3000, 0x4000, 0xa000, PROT_READ, "/only/in/memory.apk", 0);
+  maps.Add(0x4000, 0x5000, 0xb000, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, "/only/in/memory.apk", 0);
+
+  Elf32_Ehdr ehdr = {};
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
+
+  // Setup an elf at offset 0x1000 in memory.
+  memory_->SetMemory(0x1000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x1000 + sizeof(ehdr), 0x2000 - sizeof(ehdr), 0x12);
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x2000, 0x1000, 0x23);
+
+  // Setup an elf at offset 0x3000 in memory..
+  memory_->SetMemory(0x3000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x3000 + sizeof(ehdr), 0x4000 - sizeof(ehdr), 0x34);
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x4000, 0x1000, 0x43);
+
+  MapInfo* map_info = maps.Find(0x4000);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(map_info != nullptr);
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> mem(map_info->CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(mem.get() != nullptr);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x1000UL, map_info->elf_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xb000UL, map_info->offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xa000UL, map_info->elf_start_offset);
+
+  // Verify that reading values from this memory works properly.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x4000);
+  size_t bytes = mem->Read(0, buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1000UL, bytes);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(&ehdr, buffer.data(), sizeof(ehdr)));
+  for (size_t i = sizeof(ehdr); i < bytes; i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x34, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+
+  bytes = mem->Read(0x1000, buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1000UL, bytes);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes; i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x43, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoCreateMemoryTest, rosegment_from_file) {
+  Maps maps;
+  maps.Add(0x500, 0x600, 0, PROT_READ, "something_else", 0);
+  maps.Add(0x1000, 0x2000, 0x1000, PROT_READ, elf_at_1000_.path, 0);
+  maps.Add(0x2000, 0x3000, 0x2000, PROT_READ | PROT_EXEC, elf_at_1000_.path, 0);
+
+  MapInfo* map_info = maps.Find(0x2000);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(map_info != nullptr);
+
+  // Set up the size
+  Elf64_Ehdr ehdr;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1000, lseek(elf_at_1000_.fd, 0x1000, SEEK_SET));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFully(elf_at_1000_.fd, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr)));
+
+  // Will not give the elf memory, because the read-only entry does not
+  // extend over the executable segment.
+  std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory(map_info->CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.get() != nullptr);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x100);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2000U, map_info->offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, map_info->elf_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, map_info->elf_start_offset);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->ReadFully(0, buffer.data(), 0x100));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xffU, buffer[0]);
+
+  // Now init the elf data enough so that the file memory object will be used.
+  ehdr.e_shoff = 0x4000;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 1;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = 0x100;
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1000, lseek(elf_at_1000_.fd, 0x1000, SEEK_SET));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_at_1000_.fd, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr)));
+
+  memory.reset(map_info->CreateMemory(process_memory_));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2000U, map_info->offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, map_info->elf_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, map_info->elf_start_offset);
+  Elf64_Ehdr ehdr_mem;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory->ReadFully(0, &ehdr_mem, sizeof(ehdr_mem)));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(memcmp(&ehdr, &ehdr_mem, sizeof(ehdr)) == 0);
+}
+
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetBuildIDTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetBuildIDTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b89c59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetBuildIDTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <elf.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
+#include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+#include "ElfFake.h"
+#include "ElfTestUtils.h"
+#include "MemoryFake.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+class MapInfoGetBuildIDTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    tf_.reset(new TemporaryFile);
+
+    memory_ = new MemoryFake;
+    elf_ = new ElfFake(new MemoryFake);
+    elf_interface_ = new ElfInterfaceFake(memory_);
+    elf_->FakeSetInterface(elf_interface_);
+    elf_container_.reset(elf_);
+    map_info_.reset(new MapInfo(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x20000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, tf_->path));
+  }
+
+  void MultipleThreadTest(std::string expected_build_id);
+
+  MemoryFake* memory_;
+  ElfFake* elf_;
+  ElfInterfaceFake* elf_interface_;
+  std::unique_ptr<ElfFake> elf_container_;
+  std::unique_ptr<MapInfo> map_info_;
+  std::unique_ptr<TemporaryFile> tf_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetBuildIDTest, no_elf_and_no_valid_elf_in_memory) {
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("", info.GetBuildID());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetBuildIDTest, from_elf) {
+  map_info_->elf.reset(elf_container_.release());
+  elf_interface_->FakeSetBuildID("FAKE_BUILD_ID");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("FAKE_BUILD_ID", map_info_->GetBuildID());
+}
+
+void MapInfoGetBuildIDTest::MultipleThreadTest(std::string expected_build_id) {
+  static constexpr size_t kNumConcurrentThreads = 100;
+
+  std::string build_id_values[kNumConcurrentThreads];
+  std::vector<std::thread*> threads;
+
+  std::atomic_bool wait;
+  wait = true;
+  // Create all of the threads and have them do the GetLoadBias at the same time
+  // to make it likely that a race will occur.
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumConcurrentThreads; i++) {
+    std::thread* thread = new std::thread([i, this, &wait, &build_id_values]() {
+      while (wait)
+        ;
+      build_id_values[i] = map_info_->GetBuildID();
+    });
+    threads.push_back(thread);
+  }
+
+  // Set them all going and wait for the threads to finish.
+  wait = false;
+  for (auto thread : threads) {
+    thread->join();
+    delete thread;
+  }
+
+  // Now verify that all of the elf files are exactly the same and valid.
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumConcurrentThreads; i++) {
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_build_id, build_id_values[i]) << "Thread " << i << " mismatched.";
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetBuildIDTest, multiple_thread_elf_exists) {
+  map_info_->elf.reset(elf_container_.release());
+  elf_interface_->FakeSetBuildID("FAKE_BUILD_ID");
+
+  MultipleThreadTest("FAKE_BUILD_ID");
+}
+
+static void InitElfData(int fd) {
+  Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
+  ehdr.e_shoff = 0x2000;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 3;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf32_Shdr);
+  ehdr.e_shstrndx = 2;
+  off_t offset = 0;
+  ASSERT_EQ(offset, lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET));
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(ehdr)), write(fd, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr)));
+
+  char note_section[128];
+  Elf32_Nhdr note_header = {};
+  note_header.n_namesz = 4;   // "GNU"
+  note_header.n_descsz = 12;  // "ELF_BUILDID"
+  note_header.n_type = NT_GNU_BUILD_ID;
+  memcpy(&note_section, &note_header, sizeof(note_header));
+  size_t note_offset = sizeof(note_header);
+  memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "GNU", sizeof("GNU"));
+  note_offset += sizeof("GNU");
+  memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "ELF_BUILDID", sizeof("ELF_BUILDID"));
+  note_offset += sizeof("ELF_BUILDID");
+
+  Elf32_Shdr shdr = {};
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_NOTE;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x500;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0xb000;
+  shdr.sh_size = sizeof(note_section);
+  offset += ehdr.e_shoff + sizeof(shdr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(offset, lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET));
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(shdr)), write(fd, &shdr, sizeof(shdr)));
+
+  // The string data for section header names.
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x20000;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0xf000;
+  shdr.sh_size = 0x1000;
+  offset += sizeof(shdr);
+  ASSERT_EQ(offset, lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET));
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(shdr)), write(fd, &shdr, sizeof(shdr)));
+
+  offset = 0xf500;
+  ASSERT_EQ(offset, lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET));
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(".note.gnu.build-id")),
+            write(fd, ".note.gnu.build-id", sizeof(".note.gnu.build-id")));
+
+  offset = 0xb000;
+  ASSERT_EQ(offset, lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET));
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(note_section)),
+            write(fd, note_section, sizeof(note_section)));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetBuildIDTest, from_memory) {
+  InitElfData(tf_->fd);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ("ELF_BUILDID", map_info_->GetBuildID());
+}
+
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetBuildIDTest, multiple_thread_elf_exists_in_memory) {
+  InitElfData(tf_->fd);
+
+  MultipleThreadTest("ELF_BUILDID");
+}
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp
index 861b82f..d7b8485 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetElfTest.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include <unwindstack/Elf.h>
@@ -69,83 +68,69 @@
 };
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, invalid) {
-  MapInfo info(0x1000, 0x2000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
 
   // The map is empty, but this should still create an invalid elf object.
-  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
+  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
   ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, valid32) {
-  MapInfo info(0x3000, 0x4000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x3000, 0x4000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
 
   Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
   TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
   memory_->SetMemory(0x3000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
 
-  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
+  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_ARM), elf->machine_type());
   EXPECT_EQ(ELFCLASS32, elf->class_type());
+
+  // Now verify that an empty process memory returns an invalid elf object.
+  info.elf.reset();
+  elf = info.GetElf(std::shared_ptr<Memory>(), ARCH_ARM);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, valid64) {
-  MapInfo info(0x8000, 0x9000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x8000, 0x9000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
 
   Elf64_Ehdr ehdr;
   TestInitEhdr<Elf64_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64);
   memory_->SetMemory(0x8000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
 
-  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
+  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_ARM64);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_AARCH64), elf->machine_type());
   EXPECT_EQ(ELFCLASS64, elf->class_type());
 }
 
-TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, gnu_debugdata_do_not_init32) {
-  MapInfo info(0x4000, 0x8000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, invalid_arch_mismatch) {
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x3000, 0x4000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
 
-  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM, false,
-                                               [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
-                                                 memory_->SetMemory(0x4000 + offset, ptr, size);
-                                               });
+  Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
+  TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
+  memory_->SetMemory(0x3000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
 
-  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
+  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_X86);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
-  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_ARM), elf->machine_type());
-  EXPECT_EQ(ELFCLASS32, elf->class_type());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(elf->gnu_debugdata_interface() == nullptr);
-}
-
-TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, gnu_debugdata_do_not_init64) {
-  MapInfo info(0x6000, 0x8000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
-
-  TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64, false,
-                                               [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
-                                                 memory_->SetMemory(0x6000 + offset, ptr, size);
-                                               });
-
-  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
-  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_AARCH64), elf->machine_type());
-  EXPECT_EQ(ELFCLASS64, elf->class_type());
-  EXPECT_TRUE(elf->gnu_debugdata_interface() == nullptr);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, gnu_debugdata_init32) {
-  MapInfo info(0x2000, 0x3000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x2000, 0x3000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
 
   TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM, true,
                                                [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
                                                  memory_->SetMemory(0x2000 + offset, ptr, size);
                                                });
 
-  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, true);
+  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_ARM), elf->machine_type());
@@ -154,14 +139,14 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, gnu_debugdata_init64) {
-  MapInfo info(0x5000, 0x8000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x5000, 0x8000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
 
   TestInitGnuDebugdata<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64, true,
                                                [&](uint64_t offset, const void* ptr, size_t size) {
                                                  memory_->SetMemory(0x5000 + offset, ptr, size);
                                                });
 
-  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, true);
+  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_ARM64);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
   EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint32_t>(EM_AARCH64), elf->machine_type());
@@ -170,26 +155,26 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, end_le_start) {
-  MapInfo info(0x1000, 0x1000, 0, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x1000, 0, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
 
   Elf32_Ehdr ehdr;
   TestInitEhdr<Elf32_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS32, EM_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr)));
 
-  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
+  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
   ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
 
   info.elf.reset();
   info.end = 0xfff;
-  elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
+  elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
   ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
 
   // Make sure this test is valid.
   info.elf.reset();
   info.end = 0x2000;
-  elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
+  elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
 }
@@ -197,7 +182,7 @@
 // Verify that if the offset is non-zero but there is no elf at the offset,
 // that the full file is used.
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_full_file) {
-  MapInfo info(0x1000, 0x2000, 0x100, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0x100, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x1000);
   memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
@@ -206,7 +191,7 @@
   memcpy(buffer.data(), &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
 
-  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
+  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory() != nullptr);
@@ -226,7 +211,7 @@
 // Verify that if the offset is non-zero and there is an elf at that
 // offset, that only part of the file is used.
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file) {
-  MapInfo info(0x1000, 0x2000, 0x2000, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0x2000, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x4000);
   memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
@@ -235,7 +220,7 @@
   memcpy(&buffer[info.offset], &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
 
-  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
+  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory() != nullptr);
@@ -256,7 +241,7 @@
 // embedded elf is bigger than the initial map, the new object is larger
 // than the original map size. Do this for a 32 bit elf and a 64 bit elf.
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file_whole_elf32) {
-  MapInfo info(0x5000, 0x6000, 0x1000, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x5000, 0x6000, 0x1000, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x4000);
   memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
@@ -268,7 +253,7 @@
   memcpy(&buffer[info.offset], &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
 
-  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
+  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_ARM);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory() != nullptr);
@@ -284,7 +269,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, file_backed_non_zero_offset_partial_file_whole_elf64) {
-  MapInfo info(0x7000, 0x8000, 0x1000, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x7000, 0x8000, 0x1000, PROT_READ, elf_.path);
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(0x4000);
   memset(buffer.data(), 0, buffer.size());
@@ -296,7 +281,7 @@
   memcpy(&buffer[info.offset], &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(elf_.fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
 
-  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
+  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_ARM64);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory() != nullptr);
@@ -311,29 +296,9 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->memory()->ReadFully(0x1000, buffer.data(), 1));
 }
 
-TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, process_memory_not_read_only) {
-  MapInfo info(0x9000, 0xa000, 0x1000, 0, "");
-
-  // Create valid elf data in process memory only.
-  Elf64_Ehdr ehdr;
-  TestInitEhdr<Elf64_Ehdr>(&ehdr, ELFCLASS64, EM_AARCH64);
-  ehdr.e_shoff = 0x2000;
-  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Elf64_Shdr) + 100;
-  ehdr.e_shnum = 0;
-  memory_->SetMemory(0x9000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
-
-  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
-  ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
-
-  info.elf.reset();
-  info.flags = PROT_READ;
-  elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
-}
-
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetElfTest, check_device_maps) {
-  MapInfo info(0x7000, 0x8000, 0x1000, PROT_READ | MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP, "/dev/something");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x7000, 0x8000, 0x1000, PROT_READ | MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP,
+               "/dev/something");
 
   // Create valid elf data in process memory for this to verify that only
   // the name is causing invalid elf data.
@@ -344,20 +309,20 @@
   ehdr.e_shnum = 0;
   memory_->SetMemory(0x7000, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
 
-  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
+  Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_X86_64);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf != nullptr);
   ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
 
   // Set the name to nothing to verify that it still fails.
   info.elf.reset();
   info.name = "";
-  elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
+  elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_X86_64);
   ASSERT_FALSE(elf->valid());
 
   // Change the flags and verify the elf is valid now.
   info.elf.reset();
   info.flags = PROT_READ;
-  elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
+  elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_X86_64);
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->valid());
 }
 
@@ -378,12 +343,12 @@
   wait = true;
   // Create all of the threads and have them do the GetElf at the same time
   // to make it likely that a race will occur.
-  MapInfo info(0x7000, 0x8000, 0x1000, PROT_READ, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x7000, 0x8000, 0x1000, PROT_READ, "");
   for (size_t i = 0; i < kNumConcurrentThreads; i++) {
     std::thread* thread = new std::thread([i, this, &wait, &info, &elf_in_threads]() {
       while (wait)
         ;
-      Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, false);
+      Elf* elf = info.GetElf(process_memory_, ARCH_X86_64);
       elf_in_threads[i] = elf;
     });
     threads.push_back(thread);
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetLoadBiasTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetLoadBiasTest.cpp
index 7e64a8a..f5ac6cb 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetLoadBiasTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetLoadBiasTest.cpp
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
     process_memory_.reset(memory_);
     elf_ = new ElfFake(new MemoryFake);
     elf_container_.reset(elf_);
-    map_info_.reset(new MapInfo(0x1000, 0x20000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, ""));
+    map_info_.reset(new MapInfo(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x20000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, ""));
   }
 
   void MultipleThreadTest(uint64_t expected_load_bias);
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
 };
 
 TEST_F(MapInfoGetLoadBiasTest, no_elf_and_no_valid_elf_in_memory) {
-  MapInfo info(0x1000, 0x2000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, PROT_READ, "");
 
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, info.GetLoadBias(process_memory_));
 }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2cbb98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <unwindstack/MapInfo.h>
+#include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
+
+#include "ElfFake.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+TEST(MapInfoTest, maps_constructor_const_char) {
+  MapInfo prev_map(nullptr, 0, 0, 0, 0, "");
+  MapInfo map_info(&prev_map, 1, 2, 3, 4, "map");
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(&prev_map, map_info.prev_map);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1UL, map_info.start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2UL, map_info.end);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3UL, map_info.offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(4UL, map_info.flags);
+  EXPECT_EQ("map", map_info.name);
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint64_t>(-1), map_info.load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0UL, map_info.elf_offset);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_info.elf.get() == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(MapInfoTest, maps_constructor_string) {
+  std::string name("string_map");
+  MapInfo prev_map(nullptr, 0, 0, 0, 0, "");
+  MapInfo map_info(&prev_map, 1, 2, 3, 4, name);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(&prev_map, map_info.prev_map);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1UL, map_info.start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(2UL, map_info.end);
+  EXPECT_EQ(3UL, map_info.offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(4UL, map_info.flags);
+  EXPECT_EQ("string_map", map_info.name);
+  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint64_t>(-1), map_info.load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0UL, map_info.elf_offset);
+  EXPECT_TRUE(map_info.elf.get() == nullptr);
+}
+
+TEST(MapInfoTest, get_function_name) {
+  ElfFake* elf = new ElfFake(nullptr);
+  ElfInterfaceFake* interface = new ElfInterfaceFake(nullptr);
+  elf->FakeSetInterface(interface);
+  interface->FakePushFunctionData(FunctionData("function", 1000));
+
+  MapInfo map_info(nullptr, 1, 2, 3, 4, "");
+  map_info.elf.reset(elf);
+
+  std::string name;
+  uint64_t offset;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(map_info.GetFunctionName(1000, &name, &offset));
+  EXPECT_EQ("function", name);
+  EXPECT_EQ(1000UL, offset);
+}
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp
index 9622ba5..b4197f2 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapsTest.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include <unwindstack/Maps.h>
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(MapsTest, verify_parse_line) {
-  MapInfo info;
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0, 0, 0, 0, "");
 
   VerifyLine("01-02 rwxp 03 04:05 06\n", &info);
   EXPECT_EQ(1U, info.start);
@@ -136,7 +135,7 @@
 }
 
 TEST(MapsTest, verify_large_values) {
-  MapInfo info;
+  MapInfo info(nullptr, 0, 0, 0, 0, "");
 #if defined(__LP64__)
   VerifyLine("fabcdef012345678-f12345678abcdef8 rwxp f0b0d0f010305070 00:00 0\n", &info);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xfabcdef012345678UL, info.start);
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryCacheTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryCacheTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3def20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryCacheTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+#include "MemoryFake.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+class MemoryCacheTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    memory_ = new MemoryFake;
+    memory_cache_.reset(new MemoryCache(memory_));
+
+    memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x8000, 4096, 0xab);
+    memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x9000, 4096, 0xde);
+    memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0xa000, 3000, 0x50);
+  }
+
+  MemoryFake* memory_;
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryCache> memory_cache_;
+
+  constexpr static size_t kMaxCachedSize = 64;
+};
+
+TEST_F(MemoryCacheTest, cached_read) {
+  for (size_t i = 1; i <= kMaxCachedSize; i++) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(i);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x8000 + i, buffer.data(), i))
+        << "Read failed at size " << i;
+    ASSERT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(i, 0xab), buffer) << "Failed at size " << i;
+  }
+
+  // Verify the cached data is used.
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x8000, 4096, 0xff);
+  for (size_t i = 1; i <= kMaxCachedSize; i++) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(i);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x8000 + i, buffer.data(), i))
+        << "Read failed at size " << i;
+    ASSERT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(i, 0xab), buffer) << "Failed at size " << i;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryCacheTest, no_cached_read_after_clear) {
+  for (size_t i = 1; i <= kMaxCachedSize; i++) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(i);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x8000 + i, buffer.data(), i))
+        << "Read failed at size " << i;
+    ASSERT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(i, 0xab), buffer) << "Failed at size " << i;
+  }
+
+  // Verify the cached data is not used after a reset.
+  memory_cache_->Clear();
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x8000, 4096, 0xff);
+  for (size_t i = 1; i <= kMaxCachedSize; i++) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(i);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x8000 + i, buffer.data(), i))
+        << "Read failed at size " << i;
+    ASSERT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(i, 0xff), buffer) << "Failed at size " << i;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryCacheTest, cached_read_across_caches) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> expect(16, 0xab);
+  expect.resize(32, 0xde);
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(32);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x8ff0, buffer.data(), 32));
+  ASSERT_EQ(expect, buffer);
+
+  // Verify the cached data is used.
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x8000, 4096, 0xff);
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x9000, 4096, 0xff);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x8ff0, buffer.data(), 32));
+  ASSERT_EQ(expect, buffer);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryCacheTest, no_cache_read) {
+  for (size_t i = kMaxCachedSize + 1; i < 2 * kMaxCachedSize; i++) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(i);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x8000 + i, buffer.data(), i))
+        << "Read failed at size " << i;
+    ASSERT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(i, 0xab), buffer) << "Failed at size " << i;
+  }
+
+  // Verify the cached data is not used.
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0x8000, 4096, 0xff);
+  for (size_t i = kMaxCachedSize + 1; i < 2 * kMaxCachedSize; i++) {
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(i);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x8000 + i, buffer.data(), i))
+        << "Read failed at size " << i;
+    ASSERT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(i, 0xff), buffer) << "Failed at size " << i;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryCacheTest, read_for_cache_fail) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(kMaxCachedSize);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0xa010, buffer.data(), kMaxCachedSize));
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(kMaxCachedSize, 0x50), buffer);
+
+  // Verify the cached data is not used.
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0xa000, 3000, 0xff);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0xa010, buffer.data(), kMaxCachedSize));
+  ASSERT_EQ(std::vector<uint8_t>(kMaxCachedSize, 0xff), buffer);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryCacheTest, read_for_cache_fail_cross) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> expect(16, 0xde);
+  expect.resize(32, 0x50);
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(32);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x9ff0, buffer.data(), 32));
+  ASSERT_EQ(expect, buffer);
+
+  // Verify the cached data is not used for the second half but for the first.
+  memory_->SetMemoryBlock(0xa000, 3000, 0xff);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_cache_->ReadFully(0x9ff0, buffer.data(), 32));
+  expect.resize(16);
+  expect.resize(32, 0xff);
+  ASSERT_EQ(expect, buffer);
+}
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.cpp
index 60936cd..5695dfc 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.cpp
@@ -23,6 +23,17 @@
 
 namespace unwindstack {
 
+void MemoryFake::SetMemoryBlock(uint64_t addr, size_t length, uint8_t value) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++, addr++) {
+    auto entry = data_.find(addr);
+    if (entry != data_.end()) {
+      entry->second = value;
+    } else {
+      data_.insert({addr, value});
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 void MemoryFake::SetMemory(uint64_t addr, const void* memory, size_t length) {
   const uint8_t* src = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(memory);
   for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++, addr++) {
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.h b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.h
index 764a6c3..20610a5 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.h
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
 
   void SetMemory(uint64_t addr, const void* memory, size_t length);
 
+  void SetMemoryBlock(uint64_t addr, size_t length, uint8_t value);
+
   void SetData8(uint64_t addr, uint8_t value) {
     SetMemory(addr, &value, sizeof(value));
   }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryOfflineTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryOfflineTest.cpp
index 14d58e6..ab9aa9d 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryOfflineTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryOfflineTest.cpp
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
 
 namespace unwindstack {
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp
index cb1a0c9..2bac95b 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
  */
 
 #include <stdint.h>
-#include <string.h>
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
@@ -28,30 +27,34 @@
 
 namespace unwindstack {
 
-TEST(MemoryRangeTest, read) {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> src(1024);
-  memset(src.data(), 0x4c, 1024);
-  MemoryFake* memory_fake = new MemoryFake;
-  std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory(memory_fake);
-  memory_fake->SetMemory(9001, src);
+class MemoryRangeTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    process_memory_.reset();
+    memory_fake_ = new MemoryFake;
+    process_memory_.reset(memory_fake_);
+  }
 
-  MemoryRange range(process_memory, 9001, src.size(), 0);
+  std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory_;
+  MemoryFake* memory_fake_ = nullptr;
+};
+
+TEST_F(MemoryRangeTest, read_fully) {
+  memory_fake_->SetMemoryBlock(9000, 2048, 0x4c);
+
+  MemoryRange range(process_memory_, 9001, 1024, 0);
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> dst(1024);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(range.ReadFully(0, dst.data(), src.size()));
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
+  ASSERT_TRUE(range.ReadFully(0, dst.data(), dst.size()));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < dst.size(); i++) {
     ASSERT_EQ(0x4cU, dst[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
   }
 }
 
-TEST(MemoryRangeTest, read_near_limit) {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> src(4096);
-  memset(src.data(), 0x4c, 4096);
-  MemoryFake* memory_fake = new MemoryFake;
-  std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory(memory_fake);
-  memory_fake->SetMemory(1000, src);
+TEST_F(MemoryRangeTest, read_fully_near_limit) {
+  memory_fake_->SetMemoryBlock(0, 8192, 0x4c);
 
-  MemoryRange range(process_memory, 1000, 1024, 0);
+  MemoryRange range(process_memory_, 1000, 1024, 0);
 
   std::vector<uint8_t> dst(1024);
   ASSERT_TRUE(range.ReadFully(1020, dst.data(), 4));
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(range.ReadFully(1020, dst.data(), 4));
 }
 
-TEST(MemoryRangeTest, read_overflow) {
+TEST_F(MemoryRangeTest, read_fully_overflow) {
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(100);
 
   std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory(new MemoryFakeAlwaysReadZero);
@@ -76,19 +79,28 @@
   ASSERT_FALSE(overflow->ReadFully(UINT64_MAX - 10, buffer.data(), 100));
 }
 
-TEST(MemoryRangeTest, Read) {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> src(4096);
-  memset(src.data(), 0x4c, 4096);
-  MemoryFake* memory_fake = new MemoryFake;
-  std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory(memory_fake);
-  memory_fake->SetMemory(1000, src);
+TEST_F(MemoryRangeTest, read) {
+  memory_fake_->SetMemoryBlock(0, 4096, 0x4c);
 
-  MemoryRange range(process_memory, 1000, 1024, 0);
+  MemoryRange range(process_memory_, 1000, 1024, 0);
+
   std::vector<uint8_t> dst(1024);
-  ASSERT_EQ(4U, range.Read(1020, dst.data(), 1024));
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, range.Read(1020, dst.data(), dst.size()));
   for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
     ASSERT_EQ(0x4cU, dst[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
   }
 }
 
+TEST_F(MemoryRangeTest, read_non_zero_offset) {
+  memory_fake_->SetMemoryBlock(1000, 1024, 0x12);
+
+  MemoryRange range(process_memory_, 1000, 1024, 400);
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> dst(1024);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1024U, range.Read(400, dst.data(), dst.size()));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < dst.size(); i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x12U, dst[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+}
+
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangesTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangesTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d24fcd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangesTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <unwindstack/Memory.h>
+
+#include "MemoryFake.h"
+
+namespace unwindstack {
+
+class MemoryRangesTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    MemoryFake* memory = new MemoryFake;
+    process_memory_.reset(memory);
+    memory->SetMemoryBlock(1000, 5000, 0x15);
+    memory->SetMemoryBlock(6000, 12000, 0x26);
+    memory->SetMemoryBlock(14000, 20000, 0x37);
+    memory->SetMemoryBlock(20000, 22000, 0x48);
+
+    ranges_.reset(new MemoryRanges);
+    ranges_->Insert(new MemoryRange(process_memory_, 15000, 100, 4000));
+    ranges_->Insert(new MemoryRange(process_memory_, 10000, 2000, 2000));
+    ranges_->Insert(new MemoryRange(process_memory_, 3000, 1000, 0));
+    ranges_->Insert(new MemoryRange(process_memory_, 19000, 1000, 6000));
+    ranges_->Insert(new MemoryRange(process_memory_, 20000, 1000, 7000));
+  }
+
+  std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory_;
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryRanges> ranges_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(MemoryRangesTest, read) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> dst(2000);
+  size_t bytes = ranges_->Read(0, dst.data(), dst.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1000UL, bytes);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes; i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x15U, dst[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+
+  bytes = ranges_->Read(2000, dst.data(), dst.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2000UL, bytes);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes; i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x26U, dst[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+
+  bytes = ranges_->Read(4000, dst.data(), dst.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(100UL, bytes);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes; i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x37U, dst[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryRangesTest, read_fail) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> dst(4096);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0UL, ranges_->Read(1000, dst.data(), dst.size()));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0UL, ranges_->Read(5000, dst.data(), dst.size()));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0UL, ranges_->Read(8000, dst.data(), dst.size()));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryRangesTest, read_across_ranges) {
+  // The MemoryRanges object does not support reading across a range,
+  // so this will only read in the first range.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> dst(4096);
+  size_t bytes = ranges_->Read(6000, dst.data(), dst.size());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1000UL, bytes);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes; i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x37U, dst[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/RegsInfoTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/RegsInfoTest.cpp
index 052b5bf..a6bc2c5 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/RegsInfoTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/RegsInfoTest.cpp
@@ -82,4 +82,11 @@
   }
 }
 
+TEST(RegsInfoTest, invalid_register) {
+  RegsImplFake<uint64_t> regs(64);
+  RegsInfo<uint64_t> info(&regs);
+
+  EXPECT_DEATH(info.Save(RegsInfo<uint64_t>::MAX_REGISTERS), "");
+}
+
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/RegsTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/RegsTest.cpp
index 90c3fe6..472d1cf 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/RegsTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/RegsTest.cpp
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@
   RegsX86_64 regs_x86_64;
   RegsMips regs_mips;
   RegsMips64 regs_mips64;
-  MapInfo map_info(0x1000, 0x2000);
+  MapInfo map_info(nullptr, 0x1000, 0x2000, 0, 0, "");
   Elf* invalid_elf = new Elf(nullptr);
   map_info.elf.reset(invalid_elf);
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindOfflineTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindOfflineTest.cpp
index a65c077..0588a84 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindOfflineTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindOfflineTest.cpp
@@ -210,8 +210,8 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(4U, unwinder.NumFrames()) << "Unwind:\n" << frame_info;
   EXPECT_EQ(
       "  #00 pc 0001a9f8  libc.so (abort+64)\n"
-      "  #01 pc 00006a1b  libbase.so (_ZN7android4base14DefaultAborterEPKc+6)\n"
-      "  #02 pc 00007441  libbase.so (_ZN7android4base10LogMessageD2Ev+748)\n"
+      "  #01 pc 00006a1b  libbase.so (android::base::DefaultAborter(char const*)+6)\n"
+      "  #02 pc 00007441  libbase.so (android::base::LogMessage::~LogMessage()+748)\n"
       "  #03 pc 00015147  /does/not/exist/libhidlbase.so\n",
       frame_info);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xf31ea9f8U, unwinder.frames()[0].pc);
@@ -234,9 +234,10 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(2U, unwinder.NumFrames()) << "Unwind:\n" << frame_info;
   EXPECT_EQ(
       "  #00 pc 0006dc49  libandroid_runtime.so "
-      "(_ZN7android14AndroidRuntime15javaThreadShellEPv+80)\n"
+      "(android::AndroidRuntime::javaThreadShell(void*)+80)\n"
       "  #01 pc 0006dce5  libandroid_runtime.so "
-      "(_ZN7android14AndroidRuntime19javaCreateThreadEtcEPFiPvES1_PKcijPS1_)\n",
+      "(android::AndroidRuntime::javaCreateThreadEtc(int (*)(void*), void*, char const*, int, "
+      "unsigned int, void**))\n",
       frame_info);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xf1f6dc49U, unwinder.frames()[0].pc);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xd8fe6930U, unwinder.frames()[0].sp);
@@ -257,10 +258,10 @@
       "  #01 pc 000000000042a078  libunwindstack_test (SignalMiddleFunction+8)\n"
       "  #02 pc 000000000042a08c  libunwindstack_test (SignalOuterFunction+8)\n"
       "  #03 pc 000000000042d8fc  libunwindstack_test "
-      "(_ZN11unwindstackL19RemoteThroughSignalEij+20)\n"
+      "(unwindstack::RemoteThroughSignal(int, unsigned int)+20)\n"
       "  #04 pc 000000000042d8d8  libunwindstack_test "
-      "(_ZN11unwindstack37UnwindTest_remote_through_signal_Test8TestBodyEv+32)\n"
-      "  #05 pc 0000000000455d70  libunwindstack_test (_ZN7testing4Test3RunEv+392)\n",
+      "(unwindstack::UnwindTest_remote_through_signal_Test::TestBody()+32)\n"
+      "  #05 pc 0000000000455d70  libunwindstack_test (testing::Test::Run()+392)\n",
       frame_info);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x64d09d4fd8U, unwinder.frames()[0].pc);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x7fe0d84040U, unwinder.frames()[0].sp);
@@ -296,54 +297,57 @@
   std::string frame_info(DumpFrames(unwinder));
   ASSERT_EQ(69U, unwinder.NumFrames()) << "Unwind:\n" << frame_info;
   EXPECT_EQ(
-      "  #00 pc 00068fb8  libarttestd.so (_ZN3artL13CauseSegfaultEv+72)\n"
+      "  #00 pc 00068fb8  libarttestd.so (art::CauseSegfault()+72)\n"
       "  #01 pc 00067f00  libarttestd.so (Java_Main_unwindInProcess+10032)\n"
-      "  #02 pc 000021a8 (offset 0x2000)  137-cfi.odex (boolean Main.unwindInProcess(boolean, int, "
+      "  #02 pc 000021a8  137-cfi.odex (offset 0x2000) (boolean Main.unwindInProcess(boolean, int, "
       "boolean)+136)\n"
       "  #03 pc 0000fe80  anonymous:ee74c000 (boolean Main.bar(boolean)+64)\n"
       "  #04 pc 006ad4d2  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub+338)\n"
       "  #05 pc 00146ab5  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art9ArtMethod6InvokeEPNS_6ThreadEPjjPNS_6JValueEPKc+885)\n"
+      "(art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char "
+      "const*)+885)\n"
       "  #06 pc 0039cf0d  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter34ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridgeEPNS_6ThreadEPNS_9ArtMethodEPNS_"
-      "11ShadowFrameEtPNS_6JValueE+653)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+653)\n"
       "  #07 pc 00392552  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_"
-      "6JValueEb+354)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::Execute(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame&, art::JValue, bool)+354)\n"
       "  #08 pc 0039399a  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter30EnterInterpreterFromEntryPointEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_"
-      "20CodeItemDataAccessorEPNS_11ShadowFrameE+234)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::EnterInterpreterFromEntryPoint(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor "
+      "const&, art::ShadowFrame*)+234)\n"
       "  #09 pc 00684362  libartd.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+1058)\n"
       "  #10 pc 006b35bd  libartd.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+77)\n"
       "  #11 pc 0000fe03  anonymous:ee74c000 (int Main.compare(Main, Main)+51)\n"
       "  #12 pc 006ad4d2  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub+338)\n"
       "  #13 pc 00146ab5  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art9ArtMethod6InvokeEPNS_6ThreadEPjjPNS_6JValueEPKc+885)\n"
+      "(art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char "
+      "const*)+885)\n"
       "  #14 pc 0039cf0d  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter34ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridgeEPNS_6ThreadEPNS_9ArtMethodEPNS_"
-      "11ShadowFrameEtPNS_6JValueE+653)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+653)\n"
       "  #15 pc 00392552  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_"
-      "6JValueEb+354)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::Execute(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame&, art::JValue, bool)+354)\n"
       "  #16 pc 0039399a  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter30EnterInterpreterFromEntryPointEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_"
-      "20CodeItemDataAccessorEPNS_11ShadowFrameE+234)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::EnterInterpreterFromEntryPoint(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor "
+      "const&, art::ShadowFrame*)+234)\n"
       "  #17 pc 00684362  libartd.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+1058)\n"
       "  #18 pc 006b35bd  libartd.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+77)\n"
       "  #19 pc 0000fd3b  anonymous:ee74c000 (int Main.compare(java.lang.Object, "
       "java.lang.Object)+107)\n"
       "  #20 pc 006ad4d2  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub+338)\n"
       "  #21 pc 00146ab5  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art9ArtMethod6InvokeEPNS_6ThreadEPjjPNS_6JValueEPKc+885)\n"
+      "(art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char "
+      "const*)+885)\n"
       "  #22 pc 0039cf0d  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter34ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridgeEPNS_6ThreadEPNS_9ArtMethodEPNS_"
-      "11ShadowFrameEtPNS_6JValueE+653)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+653)\n"
       "  #23 pc 00392552  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_"
-      "6JValueEb+354)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::Execute(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame&, art::JValue, bool)+354)\n"
       "  #24 pc 0039399a  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter30EnterInterpreterFromEntryPointEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_"
-      "20CodeItemDataAccessorEPNS_11ShadowFrameE+234)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::EnterInterpreterFromEntryPoint(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor "
+      "const&, art::ShadowFrame*)+234)\n"
       "  #25 pc 00684362  libartd.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+1058)\n"
       "  #26 pc 006b35bd  libartd.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+77)\n"
       "  #27 pc 0000fbdb  anonymous:ee74c000 (int "
@@ -351,81 +355,86 @@
       "java.util.Comparator)+331)\n"
       "  #28 pc 006ad6a2  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_static_stub+418)\n"
       "  #29 pc 00146acb  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art9ArtMethod6InvokeEPNS_6ThreadEPjjPNS_6JValueEPKc+907)\n"
+      "(art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char "
+      "const*)+907)\n"
       "  #30 pc 0039cf0d  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter34ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridgeEPNS_6ThreadEPNS_9ArtMethodEPNS_"
-      "11ShadowFrameEtPNS_6JValueE+653)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+653)\n"
       "  #31 pc 00392552  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_"
-      "6JValueEb+354)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::Execute(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame&, art::JValue, bool)+354)\n"
       "  #32 pc 0039399a  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter30EnterInterpreterFromEntryPointEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_"
-      "20CodeItemDataAccessorEPNS_11ShadowFrameE+234)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::EnterInterpreterFromEntryPoint(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor "
+      "const&, art::ShadowFrame*)+234)\n"
       "  #33 pc 00684362  libartd.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+1058)\n"
       "  #34 pc 006b35bd  libartd.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+77)\n"
       "  #35 pc 0000f624  anonymous:ee74c000 (boolean Main.foo()+164)\n"
       "  #36 pc 006ad4d2  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub+338)\n"
       "  #37 pc 00146ab5  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art9ArtMethod6InvokeEPNS_6ThreadEPjjPNS_6JValueEPKc+885)\n"
+      "(art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char "
+      "const*)+885)\n"
       "  #38 pc 0039cf0d  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter34ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridgeEPNS_6ThreadEPNS_9ArtMethodEPNS_"
-      "11ShadowFrameEtPNS_6JValueE+653)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+653)\n"
       "  #39 pc 00392552  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_"
-      "6JValueEb+354)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::Execute(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame&, art::JValue, bool)+354)\n"
       "  #40 pc 0039399a  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter30EnterInterpreterFromEntryPointEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_"
-      "20CodeItemDataAccessorEPNS_11ShadowFrameE+234)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::EnterInterpreterFromEntryPoint(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor "
+      "const&, art::ShadowFrame*)+234)\n"
       "  #41 pc 00684362  libartd.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+1058)\n"
       "  #42 pc 006b35bd  libartd.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+77)\n"
       "  #43 pc 0000eedb  anonymous:ee74c000 (void Main.runPrimary()+59)\n"
       "  #44 pc 006ad4d2  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub+338)\n"
       "  #45 pc 00146ab5  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art9ArtMethod6InvokeEPNS_6ThreadEPjjPNS_6JValueEPKc+885)\n"
+      "(art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char "
+      "const*)+885)\n"
       "  #46 pc 0039cf0d  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter34ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridgeEPNS_6ThreadEPNS_9ArtMethodEPNS_"
-      "11ShadowFrameEtPNS_6JValueE+653)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+653)\n"
       "  #47 pc 00392552  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_"
-      "6JValueEb+354)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::Execute(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame&, art::JValue, bool)+354)\n"
       "  #48 pc 0039399a  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter30EnterInterpreterFromEntryPointEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_"
-      "20CodeItemDataAccessorEPNS_11ShadowFrameE+234)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::EnterInterpreterFromEntryPoint(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor "
+      "const&, art::ShadowFrame*)+234)\n"
       "  #49 pc 00684362  libartd.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+1058)\n"
       "  #50 pc 006b35bd  libartd.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+77)\n"
       "  #51 pc 0000ac21  anonymous:ee74c000 (void Main.main(java.lang.String[])+97)\n"
       "  #52 pc 006ad6a2  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_static_stub+418)\n"
       "  #53 pc 00146acb  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art9ArtMethod6InvokeEPNS_6ThreadEPjjPNS_6JValueEPKc+907)\n"
+      "(art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char "
+      "const*)+907)\n"
       "  #54 pc 0039cf0d  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter34ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridgeEPNS_6ThreadEPNS_9ArtMethodEPNS_"
-      "11ShadowFrameEtPNS_6JValueE+653)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+653)\n"
       "  #55 pc 00392552  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_"
-      "6JValueEb+354)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::Execute(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame&, art::JValue, bool)+354)\n"
       "  #56 pc 0039399a  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter30EnterInterpreterFromEntryPointEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_"
-      "20CodeItemDataAccessorEPNS_11ShadowFrameE+234)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::EnterInterpreterFromEntryPoint(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor "
+      "const&, art::ShadowFrame*)+234)\n"
       "  #57 pc 00684362  libartd.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+1058)\n"
       "  #58 pc 006b35bd  libartd.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+77)\n"
       "  #59 pc 006ad6a2  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_static_stub+418)\n"
       "  #60 pc 00146acb  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art9ArtMethod6InvokeEPNS_6ThreadEPjjPNS_6JValueEPKc+907)\n"
+      "(art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char "
+      "const*)+907)\n"
       "  #61 pc 005aac95  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3artL18InvokeWithArgArrayERKNS_33ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnableEPNS_9ArtMethodEPNS_"
-      "8ArgArrayEPNS_6JValueEPKc+85)\n"
+      "(art::InvokeWithArgArray(art::ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnable const&, art::ArtMethod*, "
+      "art::ArgArray*, art::JValue*, char const*)+85)\n"
       "  #62 pc 005aab5a  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art17InvokeWithVarArgsERKNS_33ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnableEP8_jobjectP10_"
-      "jmethodIDPc+362)\n"
+      "(art::InvokeWithVarArgs(art::ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnable const&, _jobject*, "
+      "_jmethodID*, char*)+362)\n"
       "  #63 pc 0048a3dd  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art3JNI21CallStaticVoidMethodVEP7_JNIEnvP7_jclassP10_jmethodIDPc+125)\n"
+      "(art::JNI::CallStaticVoidMethodV(_JNIEnv*, _jclass*, _jmethodID*, char*)+125)\n"
       "  #64 pc 0018448c  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art8CheckJNI11CallMethodVEPKcP7_JNIEnvP8_jobjectP7_jclassP10_jmethodIDPcNS_"
-      "9Primitive4TypeENS_10InvokeTypeE+1964)\n"
+      "(art::CheckJNI::CallMethodV(char const*, _JNIEnv*, _jobject*, _jclass*, _jmethodID*, char*, "
+      "art::Primitive::Type, art::InvokeType)+1964)\n"
       "  #65 pc 0017cf06  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art8CheckJNI21CallStaticVoidMethodVEP7_JNIEnvP7_jclassP10_jmethodIDPc+70)\n"
+      "(art::CheckJNI::CallStaticVoidMethodV(_JNIEnv*, _jclass*, _jmethodID*, char*)+70)\n"
       "  #66 pc 00001d8c  dalvikvm32 "
-      "(_ZN7_JNIEnv20CallStaticVoidMethodEP7_jclassP10_jmethodIDz+60)\n"
+      "(_JNIEnv::CallStaticVoidMethod(_jclass*, _jmethodID*, ...)+60)\n"
       "  #67 pc 00001a80  dalvikvm32 (main+1312)\n"
       "  #68 pc 00018275  libc.so\n",
       frame_info);
@@ -591,38 +600,40 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(76U, unwinder.NumFrames()) << "Unwind:\n" << frame_info;
   EXPECT_EQ(
       "  #00 pc 00018a5e  libarttestd.so (Java_Main_unwindInProcess+866)\n"
-      "  #01 pc 0000212d (offset 0x2000)  137-cfi.odex (boolean Main.unwindInProcess(boolean, int, "
+      "  #01 pc 0000212d  137-cfi.odex (offset 0x2000) (boolean Main.unwindInProcess(boolean, int, "
       "boolean)+92)\n"
       "  #02 pc 00011cb1  anonymous:e2796000 (boolean Main.bar(boolean)+72)\n"
       "  #03 pc 00462175  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub_internal+68)\n"
       "  #04 pc 00467129  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub+228)\n"
       "  #05 pc 000bf7a9  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art9ArtMethod6InvokeEPNS_6ThreadEPjjPNS_6JValueEPKc+864)\n"
+      "(art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char "
+      "const*)+864)\n"
       "  #06 pc 00247833  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter34ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridgeEPNS_6ThreadEPNS_9ArtMethodEPNS_"
-      "11ShadowFrameEtPNS_6JValueE+382)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+382)\n"
       "  #07 pc 0022e935  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_"
-      "6JValueEb+244)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::Execute(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame&, art::JValue, bool)+244)\n"
       "  #08 pc 0022f71d  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter30EnterInterpreterFromEntryPointEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_"
-      "20CodeItemDataAccessorEPNS_11ShadowFrameE+128)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::EnterInterpreterFromEntryPoint(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor "
+      "const&, art::ShadowFrame*)+128)\n"
       "  #09 pc 00442865  libartd.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+796)\n"
       "  #10 pc 004666ff  libartd.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+30)\n"
       "  #11 pc 00011c31  anonymous:e2796000 (int Main.compare(Main, Main)+64)\n"
       "  #12 pc 00462175  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub_internal+68)\n"
       "  #13 pc 00467129  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub+228)\n"
       "  #14 pc 000bf7a9  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art9ArtMethod6InvokeEPNS_6ThreadEPjjPNS_6JValueEPKc+864)\n"
+      "(art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char "
+      "const*)+864)\n"
       "  #15 pc 00247833  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter34ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridgeEPNS_6ThreadEPNS_9ArtMethodEPNS_"
-      "11ShadowFrameEtPNS_6JValueE+382)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+382)\n"
       "  #16 pc 0022e935  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_"
-      "6JValueEb+244)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::Execute(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame&, art::JValue, bool)+244)\n"
       "  #17 pc 0022f71d  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter30EnterInterpreterFromEntryPointEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_"
-      "20CodeItemDataAccessorEPNS_11ShadowFrameE+128)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::EnterInterpreterFromEntryPoint(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor "
+      "const&, art::ShadowFrame*)+128)\n"
       "  #18 pc 00442865  libartd.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+796)\n"
       "  #19 pc 004666ff  libartd.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+30)\n"
       "  #20 pc 00011b77  anonymous:e2796000 (int Main.compare(java.lang.Object, "
@@ -630,16 +641,17 @@
       "  #21 pc 00462175  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub_internal+68)\n"
       "  #22 pc 00467129  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub+228)\n"
       "  #23 pc 000bf7a9  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art9ArtMethod6InvokeEPNS_6ThreadEPjjPNS_6JValueEPKc+864)\n"
+      "(art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char "
+      "const*)+864)\n"
       "  #24 pc 00247833  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter34ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridgeEPNS_6ThreadEPNS_9ArtMethodEPNS_"
-      "11ShadowFrameEtPNS_6JValueE+382)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+382)\n"
       "  #25 pc 0022e935  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_"
-      "6JValueEb+244)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::Execute(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame&, art::JValue, bool)+244)\n"
       "  #26 pc 0022f71d  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter30EnterInterpreterFromEntryPointEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_"
-      "20CodeItemDataAccessorEPNS_11ShadowFrameE+128)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::EnterInterpreterFromEntryPoint(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor "
+      "const&, art::ShadowFrame*)+128)\n"
       "  #27 pc 00442865  libartd.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+796)\n"
       "  #28 pc 004666ff  libartd.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+30)\n"
       "  #29 pc 00011a29  anonymous:e2796000 (int "
@@ -648,85 +660,90 @@
       "  #30 pc 00462175  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub_internal+68)\n"
       "  #31 pc 0046722f  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_static_stub+226)\n"
       "  #32 pc 000bf7bb  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art9ArtMethod6InvokeEPNS_6ThreadEPjjPNS_6JValueEPKc+882)\n"
+      "(art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char "
+      "const*)+882)\n"
       "  #33 pc 00247833  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter34ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridgeEPNS_6ThreadEPNS_9ArtMethodEPNS_"
-      "11ShadowFrameEtPNS_6JValueE+382)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+382)\n"
       "  #34 pc 0022e935  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_"
-      "6JValueEb+244)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::Execute(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame&, art::JValue, bool)+244)\n"
       "  #35 pc 0022f71d  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter30EnterInterpreterFromEntryPointEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_"
-      "20CodeItemDataAccessorEPNS_11ShadowFrameE+128)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::EnterInterpreterFromEntryPoint(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor "
+      "const&, art::ShadowFrame*)+128)\n"
       "  #36 pc 00442865  libartd.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+796)\n"
       "  #37 pc 004666ff  libartd.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+30)\n"
       "  #38 pc 0001139b  anonymous:e2796000 (boolean Main.foo()+178)\n"
       "  #39 pc 00462175  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub_internal+68)\n"
       "  #40 pc 00467129  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub+228)\n"
       "  #41 pc 000bf7a9  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art9ArtMethod6InvokeEPNS_6ThreadEPjjPNS_6JValueEPKc+864)\n"
+      "(art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char "
+      "const*)+864)\n"
       "  #42 pc 00247833  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter34ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridgeEPNS_6ThreadEPNS_9ArtMethodEPNS_"
-      "11ShadowFrameEtPNS_6JValueE+382)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+382)\n"
       "  #43 pc 0022e935  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_"
-      "6JValueEb+244)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::Execute(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame&, art::JValue, bool)+244)\n"
       "  #44 pc 0022f71d  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter30EnterInterpreterFromEntryPointEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_"
-      "20CodeItemDataAccessorEPNS_11ShadowFrameE+128)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::EnterInterpreterFromEntryPoint(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor "
+      "const&, art::ShadowFrame*)+128)\n"
       "  #45 pc 00442865  libartd.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+796)\n"
       "  #46 pc 004666ff  libartd.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+30)\n"
       "  #47 pc 00010aa7  anonymous:e2796000 (void Main.runPrimary()+70)\n"
       "  #48 pc 00462175  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub_internal+68)\n"
       "  #49 pc 00467129  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub+228)\n"
       "  #50 pc 000bf7a9  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art9ArtMethod6InvokeEPNS_6ThreadEPjjPNS_6JValueEPKc+864)\n"
+      "(art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char "
+      "const*)+864)\n"
       "  #51 pc 00247833  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter34ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridgeEPNS_6ThreadEPNS_9ArtMethodEPNS_"
-      "11ShadowFrameEtPNS_6JValueE+382)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+382)\n"
       "  #52 pc 0022e935  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_"
-      "6JValueEb+244)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::Execute(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame&, art::JValue, bool)+244)\n"
       "  #53 pc 0022f71d  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter30EnterInterpreterFromEntryPointEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_"
-      "20CodeItemDataAccessorEPNS_11ShadowFrameE+128)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::EnterInterpreterFromEntryPoint(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor "
+      "const&, art::ShadowFrame*)+128)\n"
       "  #54 pc 00442865  libartd.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+796)\n"
       "  #55 pc 004666ff  libartd.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+30)\n"
       "  #56 pc 0000ba99  anonymous:e2796000 (void Main.main(java.lang.String[])+144)\n"
       "  #57 pc 00462175  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub_internal+68)\n"
       "  #58 pc 0046722f  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_static_stub+226)\n"
       "  #59 pc 000bf7bb  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art9ArtMethod6InvokeEPNS_6ThreadEPjjPNS_6JValueEPKc+882)\n"
+      "(art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char "
+      "const*)+882)\n"
       "  #60 pc 00247833  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter34ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridgeEPNS_6ThreadEPNS_9ArtMethodEPNS_"
-      "11ShadowFrameEtPNS_6JValueE+382)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToCompiledCodeBridge(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+382)\n"
       "  #61 pc 0022e935  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_"
-      "6JValueEb+244)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::Execute(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame&, art::JValue, bool)+244)\n"
       "  #62 pc 0022f71d  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter30EnterInterpreterFromEntryPointEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_"
-      "20CodeItemDataAccessorEPNS_11ShadowFrameE+128)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::EnterInterpreterFromEntryPoint(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor "
+      "const&, art::ShadowFrame*)+128)\n"
       "  #63 pc 00442865  libartd.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+796)\n"
       "  #64 pc 004666ff  libartd.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+30)\n"
       "  #65 pc 00462175  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_stub_internal+68)\n"
       "  #66 pc 0046722f  libartd.so (art_quick_invoke_static_stub+226)\n"
       "  #67 pc 000bf7bb  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art9ArtMethod6InvokeEPNS_6ThreadEPjjPNS_6JValueEPKc+882)\n"
+      "(art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned int, art::JValue*, char "
+      "const*)+882)\n"
       "  #68 pc 003b292d  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3artL18InvokeWithArgArrayERKNS_33ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnableEPNS_9ArtMethodEPNS_"
-      "8ArgArrayEPNS_6JValueEPKc+52)\n"
+      "(art::InvokeWithArgArray(art::ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnable const&, art::ArtMethod*, "
+      "art::ArgArray*, art::JValue*, char const*)+52)\n"
       "  #69 pc 003b26c3  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art17InvokeWithVarArgsERKNS_33ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnableEP8_jobjectP10_"
-      "jmethodIDSt9__va_list+210)\n"
+      "(art::InvokeWithVarArgs(art::ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnable const&, _jobject*, "
+      "_jmethodID*, std::__va_list)+210)\n"
       "  #70 pc 00308411  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art3JNI21CallStaticVoidMethodVEP7_JNIEnvP7_jclassP10_jmethodIDSt9__va_list+76)\n"
+      "(art::JNI::CallStaticVoidMethodV(_JNIEnv*, _jclass*, _jmethodID*, std::__va_list)+76)\n"
       "  #71 pc 000e6a9f  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art8CheckJNI11CallMethodVEPKcP7_JNIEnvP8_jobjectP7_jclassP10_jmethodIDSt9__va_listNS_"
-      "9Primitive4TypeENS_10InvokeTypeE+1486)\n"
+      "(art::CheckJNI::CallMethodV(char const*, _JNIEnv*, _jobject*, _jclass*, _jmethodID*, "
+      "std::__va_list, art::Primitive::Type, art::InvokeType)+1486)\n"
       "  #72 pc 000e19b9  libartd.so "
-      "(_ZN3art8CheckJNI21CallStaticVoidMethodVEP7_JNIEnvP7_jclassP10_jmethodIDSt9__va_list+40)\n"
+      "(art::CheckJNI::CallStaticVoidMethodV(_JNIEnv*, _jclass*, _jmethodID*, std::__va_list)+40)\n"
       "  #73 pc 0000159f  dalvikvm32 "
-      "(_ZN7_JNIEnv20CallStaticVoidMethodEP7_jclassP10_jmethodIDz+30)\n"
+      "(_JNIEnv::CallStaticVoidMethod(_jclass*, _jmethodID*, ...)+30)\n"
       "  #74 pc 00001349  dalvikvm32 (main+896)\n"
       "  #75 pc 000850c9  libc.so\n",
       frame_info);
@@ -997,41 +1014,44 @@
       "(com.example.simpleperf.simpleperfexamplewithnative.MixActivity$1.run+60)\n"
       "  #02 pc 004135bb  libart.so (art_quick_osr_stub+42)\n"
       "  #03 pc 002657a5  libart.so "
-      "(_ZN3art3jit3Jit25MaybeDoOnStackReplacementEPNS_6ThreadEPNS_9ArtMethodEjiPNS_6JValueE+876)\n"
+      "(art::jit::Jit::MaybeDoOnStackReplacement(art::Thread*, art::ArtMethod*, unsigned int, int, "
+      "art::JValue*)+876)\n"
       "  #04 pc 004021a7  libart.so (MterpMaybeDoOnStackReplacement+86)\n"
       "  #05 pc 00412474  libart.so (ExecuteMterpImpl+66164)\n"
       "  #06 pc cd8365b0  <unknown>\n"  // symbol in dex file
       "  #07 pc 001d7f1b  libart.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_"
-      "6JValueEb+374)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::Execute(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame&, art::JValue, bool)+374)\n"
       "  #08 pc 001dc593  libart.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter33ArtInterpreterToInterpreterBridgeEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_"
-      "20CodeItemDataAccessorEPNS_11ShadowFrameEPNS_6JValueE+154)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::ArtInterpreterToInterpreterBridge(art::Thread*, "
+      "art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, art::ShadowFrame*, art::JValue*)+154)\n"
       "  #09 pc 001f4d01  libart.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter6DoCallILb0ELb0EEEbPNS_9ArtMethodEPNS_6ThreadERNS_11ShadowFrameEPKNS_"
-      "11InstructionEtPNS_6JValueE+732)\n"
+      "(bool art::interpreter::DoCall<false, false>(art::ArtMethod*, art::Thread*, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame&, art::Instruction const*, unsigned short, art::JValue*)+732)\n"
       "  #10 pc 003fe427  libart.so (MterpInvokeInterface+1354)\n"
       "  #11 pc 00405b94  libart.so (ExecuteMterpImpl+14740)\n"
       "  #12 pc 7004873e  <unknown>\n"  // symbol in dex file
       "  #13 pc 001d7f1b  libart.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreterL7ExecuteEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_20CodeItemDataAccessorERNS_11ShadowFrameENS_"
-      "6JValueEb+374)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::Execute(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor const&, "
+      "art::ShadowFrame&, art::JValue, bool)+374)\n"
       "  #14 pc 001dc4d5  libart.so "
-      "(_ZN3art11interpreter30EnterInterpreterFromEntryPointEPNS_6ThreadERKNS_"
-      "20CodeItemDataAccessorEPNS_11ShadowFrameE+92)\n"
+      "(art::interpreter::EnterInterpreterFromEntryPoint(art::Thread*, art::CodeItemDataAccessor "
+      "const&, art::ShadowFrame*)+92)\n"
       "  #15 pc 003f25ab  libart.so (artQuickToInterpreterBridge+970)\n"
       "  #16 pc 00417aff  libart.so (art_quick_to_interpreter_bridge+30)\n"
       "  #17 pc 00413575  libart.so (art_quick_invoke_stub_internal+68)\n"
       "  #18 pc 00418531  libart.so (art_quick_invoke_stub+236)\n"
-      "  #19 pc 000b468d  libart.so (_ZN3art9ArtMethod6InvokeEPNS_6ThreadEPjjPNS_6JValueEPKc+136)\n"
+      "  #19 pc 000b468d  libart.so (art::ArtMethod::Invoke(art::Thread*, unsigned int*, unsigned "
+      "int, art::JValue*, char const*)+136)\n"
       "  #20 pc 00362f49  libart.so "
-      "(_ZN3art12_GLOBAL__N_118InvokeWithArgArrayERKNS_33ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnableEPNS_"
-      "9ArtMethodEPNS0_8ArgArrayEPNS_6JValueEPKc+52)\n"
+      "(art::(anonymous namespace)::InvokeWithArgArray(art::ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnable "
+      "const&, art::ArtMethod*, art::(anonymous namespace)::ArgArray*, art::JValue*, char "
+      "const*)+52)\n"
       "  #21 pc 00363cd9  libart.so "
-      "(_ZN3art35InvokeVirtualOrInterfaceWithJValuesERKNS_33ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnableEP8_"
-      "jobjectP10_jmethodIDP6jvalue+332)\n"
-      "  #22 pc 003851dd  libart.so (_ZN3art6Thread14CreateCallbackEPv+868)\n"
-      "  #23 pc 00062925  libc.so (_ZL15__pthread_startPv+22)\n"
+      "(art::InvokeVirtualOrInterfaceWithJValues(art::ScopedObjectAccessAlreadyRunnable const&, "
+      "_jobject*, _jmethodID*, jvalue*)+332)\n"
+      "  #22 pc 003851dd  libart.so (art::Thread::CreateCallback(void*)+868)\n"
+      "  #23 pc 00062925  libc.so (__pthread_start(void*)+22)\n"
       "  #24 pc 0001de39  libc.so (__start_thread+24)\n",
       frame_info);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xd025c788U, unwinder.frames()[0].pc);
@@ -1107,8 +1127,8 @@
       "(com.example.simpleperf.simpleperfexamplewithnative.MixActivity$1.run+60)\n"
       "  #02 pc 004135bb  libart.so (art_quick_osr_stub+42)\n"
 
-      "  #03 pc 003851dd  libart.so (_ZN3art6Thread14CreateCallbackEPv+868)\n"
-      "  #04 pc 00062925  libc.so (_ZL15__pthread_startPv+22)\n"
+      "  #03 pc 003851dd  libart.so (art::Thread::CreateCallback(void*)+868)\n"
+      "  #04 pc 00062925  libc.so (__pthread_start(void*)+22)\n"
       "  #05 pc 0001de39  libc.so (__start_thread+24)\n",
       frame_info);
 
@@ -1135,29 +1155,29 @@
   std::string frame_info(DumpFrames(unwinder));
   ASSERT_EQ(19U, unwinder.NumFrames()) << "Unwind:\n" << frame_info;
   EXPECT_EQ(
-      "  #00 pc 0032bfa0 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (SignalInnerFunction+40)\n"
-      "  #01 pc 0032bfeb (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (SignalMiddleFunction+2)\n"
-      "  #02 pc 0032bff3 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (SignalOuterFunction+2)\n"
-      "  #03 pc 0032fed3 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test "
-      "(_ZN11unwindstackL19SignalCallerHandlerEiP7siginfoPv+26)\n"
-      "  #04 pc 00026528 (offset 0x25000)  libc.so\n"
+      "  #00 pc 0032bfa0  libunwindstack_test (SignalInnerFunction+40)\n"
+      "  #01 pc 0032bfeb  libunwindstack_test (SignalMiddleFunction+2)\n"
+      "  #02 pc 0032bff3  libunwindstack_test (SignalOuterFunction+2)\n"
+      "  #03 pc 0032fed3  libunwindstack_test "
+      "(unwindstack::SignalCallerHandler(int, siginfo*, void*)+26)\n"
+      "  #04 pc 00026528  libc.so\n"
       "  #05 pc 00000000  <unknown>\n"
-      "  #06 pc 0032c2d9 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (InnerFunction+736)\n"
-      "  #07 pc 0032cc4f (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (MiddleFunction+42)\n"
-      "  #08 pc 0032cc81 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (OuterFunction+42)\n"
-      "  #09 pc 0032e547 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test "
-      "(_ZN11unwindstackL19RemoteThroughSignalEij+270)\n"
-      "  #10 pc 0032ed99 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test "
-      "(_ZN11unwindstack55UnwindTest_remote_through_signal_with_invalid_func_Test8TestBodyEv+16)\n"
-      "  #11 pc 00354453 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (_ZN7testing4Test3RunEv+154)\n"
-      "  #12 pc 00354de7 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (_ZN7testing8TestInfo3RunEv+194)\n"
-      "  #13 pc 00355105 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (_ZN7testing8TestCase3RunEv+180)\n"
-      "  #14 pc 0035a215 (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test "
-      "(_ZN7testing8internal12UnitTestImpl11RunAllTestsEv+664)\n"
-      "  #15 pc 00359f4f (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (_ZN7testing8UnitTest3RunEv+110)\n"
-      "  #16 pc 0034d3db (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (main+38)\n"
-      "  #17 pc 00092c0d (offset 0x25000)  libc.so (__libc_init+48)\n"
-      "  #18 pc 0004202f (offset 0x42000)  libunwindstack_test (_start_main+38)\n",
+      "  #06 pc 0032c2d9  libunwindstack_test (InnerFunction+736)\n"
+      "  #07 pc 0032cc4f  libunwindstack_test (MiddleFunction+42)\n"
+      "  #08 pc 0032cc81  libunwindstack_test (OuterFunction+42)\n"
+      "  #09 pc 0032e547  libunwindstack_test "
+      "(unwindstack::RemoteThroughSignal(int, unsigned int)+270)\n"
+      "  #10 pc 0032ed99  libunwindstack_test "
+      "(unwindstack::UnwindTest_remote_through_signal_with_invalid_func_Test::TestBody()+16)\n"
+      "  #11 pc 00354453  libunwindstack_test (testing::Test::Run()+154)\n"
+      "  #12 pc 00354de7  libunwindstack_test (testing::TestInfo::Run()+194)\n"
+      "  #13 pc 00355105  libunwindstack_test (testing::TestCase::Run()+180)\n"
+      "  #14 pc 0035a215  libunwindstack_test "
+      "(testing::internal::UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests()+664)\n"
+      "  #15 pc 00359f4f  libunwindstack_test (testing::UnitTest::Run()+110)\n"
+      "  #16 pc 0034d3db  libunwindstack_test (main+38)\n"
+      "  #17 pc 00092c0d  libc.so (__libc_init+48)\n"
+      "  #18 pc 0004202f  libunwindstack_test (_start_main+38)\n",
       frame_info);
 
   EXPECT_EQ(0x2e55fa0U, unwinder.frames()[0].pc);
@@ -1213,9 +1233,9 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(
       "  #00 pc 0005138c  libc.so (__ioctl+8)\n"
       "  #01 pc 0002140f  libc.so (ioctl+30)\n"
-      "  #02 pc 00039535  libbinder.so (_ZN7android14IPCThreadState14talkWithDriverEb+204)\n"
-      "  #03 pc 00039633  libbinder.so (_ZN7android14IPCThreadState20getAndExecuteCommandEv+10)\n"
-      "  #04 pc 00039b57  libbinder.so (_ZN7android14IPCThreadState14joinThreadPoolEb+38)\n"
+      "  #02 pc 00039535  libbinder.so (android::IPCThreadState::talkWithDriver(bool)+204)\n"
+      "  #03 pc 00039633  libbinder.so (android::IPCThreadState::getAndExecuteCommand()+10)\n"
+      "  #04 pc 00039b57  libbinder.so (android::IPCThreadState::joinThreadPool(bool)+38)\n"
       "  #05 pc 00000c21  mediaserver (main+104)\n"
       "  #06 pc 00084b89  libc.so (__libc_init+48)\n"
       "  #07 pc 00000b77  mediaserver (_start_main+38)\n",
@@ -1239,4 +1259,79 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(0xffd4a718U, unwinder.frames()[7].sp);
 }
 
+TEST_F(UnwindOfflineTest, shared_lib_in_apk_arm64) {
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Init("shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/", ARCH_ARM64));
+
+  Unwinder unwinder(128, maps_.get(), regs_.get(), process_memory_);
+  unwinder.Unwind();
+
+  std::string frame_info(DumpFrames(unwinder));
+  ASSERT_EQ(7U, unwinder.NumFrames()) << "Unwind:\n" << frame_info;
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "  #00 pc 000000000014ccbc  linker64 (__dl_syscall+28)\n"
+      "  #01 pc 000000000005426c  linker64 "
+      "(__dl__ZL24debuggerd_signal_handleriP7siginfoPv+1128)\n"
+      "  #02 pc 00000000000008bc  vdso.so\n"
+      "  #03 pc 00000000000846f4  libc.so (abort+172)\n"
+      "  #04 pc 0000000000084ad4  libc.so (__assert2+36)\n"
+      "  #05 pc 000000000003d5b4  ANGLEPrebuilt.apk (offset 0x4000) (ANGLEGetUtilityAPI+56)\n"
+      "  #06 pc 000000000007fe68  libc.so (__libc_init)\n",
+      frame_info);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7e82c4fcbcULL, unwinder.frames()[0].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7df8ca3bf0ULL, unwinder.frames()[0].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7e82b5726cULL, unwinder.frames()[1].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7df8ca3bf0ULL, unwinder.frames()[1].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7e82b018bcULL, unwinder.frames()[2].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7df8ca3da0ULL, unwinder.frames()[2].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7e7eecc6f4ULL, unwinder.frames()[3].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7dabf3db60ULL, unwinder.frames()[3].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7e7eeccad4ULL, unwinder.frames()[4].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7dabf3dc40ULL, unwinder.frames()[4].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7dabc405b4ULL, unwinder.frames()[5].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7dabf3dc50ULL, unwinder.frames()[5].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7e7eec7e68ULL, unwinder.frames()[6].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7dabf3dc70ULL, unwinder.frames()[6].sp);
+  // Ignore top frame since the test code was modified to end in __libc_init.
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnwindOfflineTest, shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64) {
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Init("shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/", ARCH_ARM64));
+  // Add the memory that represents the shared library.
+  MemoryOfflineParts* memory = reinterpret_cast<MemoryOfflineParts*>(process_memory_.get());
+  AddMemory(dir_ + "lib_mem.data", memory);
+
+  Unwinder unwinder(128, maps_.get(), regs_.get(), process_memory_);
+  unwinder.Unwind();
+
+  std::string frame_info(DumpFrames(unwinder));
+  ASSERT_EQ(7U, unwinder.NumFrames()) << "Unwind:\n" << frame_info;
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "  #00 pc 000000000014ccbc  linker64 (__dl_syscall+28)\n"
+      "  #01 pc 000000000005426c  linker64 "
+      "(__dl__ZL24debuggerd_signal_handleriP7siginfoPv+1128)\n"
+      "  #02 pc 00000000000008bc  vdso.so\n"
+      "  #03 pc 00000000000846f4  libc.so (abort+172)\n"
+      "  #04 pc 0000000000084ad4  libc.so (__assert2+36)\n"
+      "  #05 pc 000000000003d5b4  ANGLEPrebuilt.apk (offset 0x21d5000)\n"
+      "  #06 pc 000000000007fe68  libc.so (__libc_init)\n",
+      frame_info);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7e82c4fcbcULL, unwinder.frames()[0].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7df8ca3bf0ULL, unwinder.frames()[0].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7e82b5726cULL, unwinder.frames()[1].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7df8ca3bf0ULL, unwinder.frames()[1].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7e82b018bcULL, unwinder.frames()[2].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7df8ca3da0ULL, unwinder.frames()[2].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7e7eecc6f4ULL, unwinder.frames()[3].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7dabf3db60ULL, unwinder.frames()[3].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7e7eeccad4ULL, unwinder.frames()[4].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7dabf3dc40ULL, unwinder.frames()[4].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7dabc405b4ULL, unwinder.frames()[5].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7dabf3dc50ULL, unwinder.frames()[5].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7e7eec7e68ULL, unwinder.frames()[6].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7dabf3dc70ULL, unwinder.frames()[6].sp);
+  // Ignore top frame since the test code was modified to end in __libc_init.
+}
+
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindTest.cpp
index ea992c7..a91bd95 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindTest.cpp
@@ -44,6 +44,13 @@
 
 namespace unwindstack {
 
+enum TestTypeEnum : uint8_t {
+  TEST_TYPE_LOCAL_UNWINDER = 0,
+  TEST_TYPE_LOCAL_UNWINDER_FROM_PID,
+  TEST_TYPE_REMOTE,
+  TEST_TYPE_REMOTE_WITH_INVALID_CALL,
+};
+
 static std::atomic_bool g_ready;
 static volatile bool g_ready_for_remote;
 static volatile bool g_signal_ready_for_remote;
@@ -88,10 +95,10 @@
   SignalOuterFunction();
 }
 
-static std::string ErrorMsg(const std::vector<const char*>& function_names, Unwinder& unwinder) {
+static std::string ErrorMsg(const std::vector<const char*>& function_names, Unwinder* unwinder) {
   std::string unwind;
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < unwinder.NumFrames(); i++) {
-    unwind += unwinder.FormatFrame(i) + '\n';
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < unwinder->NumFrames(); i++) {
+    unwind += unwinder->FormatFrame(i) + '\n';
   }
 
   return std::string(
@@ -100,14 +107,10 @@
          function_names.front() + "\n" + "Unwind data:\n" + unwind;
 }
 
-static void VerifyUnwind(pid_t pid, Maps* maps, Regs* regs,
-                         std::vector<const char*> expected_function_names) {
-  auto process_memory(Memory::CreateProcessMemory(pid));
+static void VerifyUnwind(Unwinder* unwinder, std::vector<const char*> expected_function_names) {
+  unwinder->Unwind();
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(512, maps, regs, process_memory);
-  unwinder.Unwind();
-
-  for (auto& frame : unwinder.frames()) {
+  for (auto& frame : unwinder->frames()) {
     if (frame.function_name == expected_function_names.back()) {
       expected_function_names.pop_back();
       if (expected_function_names.empty()) {
@@ -119,35 +122,55 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(expected_function_names.empty()) << ErrorMsg(expected_function_names, unwinder);
 }
 
+static void VerifyUnwind(pid_t pid, Maps* maps, Regs* regs,
+                         std::vector<const char*> expected_function_names) {
+  auto process_memory(Memory::CreateProcessMemory(pid));
+
+  Unwinder unwinder(512, maps, regs, process_memory);
+  VerifyUnwind(&unwinder, expected_function_names);
+}
+
 // This test assumes that this code is compiled with optimizations turned
 // off. If this doesn't happen, then all of the calls will be optimized
 // away.
-extern "C" void InnerFunction(bool local, bool trigger_invalid_call) {
-  if (local) {
-    LocalMaps maps;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(maps.Parse());
-    std::unique_ptr<Regs> regs(Regs::CreateFromLocal());
-    RegsGetLocal(regs.get());
-
-    VerifyUnwind(getpid(), &maps, regs.get(), kFunctionOrder);
-  } else {
+extern "C" void InnerFunction(TestTypeEnum test_type) {
+  if (test_type == TEST_TYPE_REMOTE || test_type == TEST_TYPE_REMOTE_WITH_INVALID_CALL) {
     g_ready_for_remote = true;
     g_ready = true;
-    if (trigger_invalid_call) {
+    if (test_type == TEST_TYPE_REMOTE_WITH_INVALID_CALL) {
       void (*crash_func)() = nullptr;
       crash_func();
     }
     while (!g_finish.load()) {
     }
+    return;
   }
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Unwinder> unwinder;
+  std::unique_ptr<Regs> regs(Regs::CreateFromLocal());
+  RegsGetLocal(regs.get());
+  std::unique_ptr<Maps> maps;
+
+  if (test_type == TEST_TYPE_LOCAL_UNWINDER) {
+    maps.reset(new LocalMaps());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(maps->Parse());
+    auto process_memory(Memory::CreateProcessMemory(getpid()));
+    unwinder.reset(new Unwinder(512, maps.get(), regs.get(), process_memory));
+  } else {
+    UnwinderFromPid* unwinder_from_pid = new UnwinderFromPid(512, getpid());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(unwinder_from_pid->Init(regs->Arch()));
+    unwinder_from_pid->SetRegs(regs.get());
+    unwinder.reset(unwinder_from_pid);
+  }
+  VerifyUnwind(unwinder.get(), kFunctionOrder);
 }
 
-extern "C" void MiddleFunction(bool local, bool trigger_invalid_call) {
-  InnerFunction(local, trigger_invalid_call);
+extern "C" void MiddleFunction(TestTypeEnum test_type) {
+  InnerFunction(test_type);
 }
 
-extern "C" void OuterFunction(bool local, bool trigger_invalid_call) {
-  MiddleFunction(local, trigger_invalid_call);
+extern "C" void OuterFunction(TestTypeEnum test_type) {
+  MiddleFunction(test_type);
 }
 
 class UnwindTest : public ::testing::Test {
@@ -156,7 +179,11 @@
 };
 
 TEST_F(UnwindTest, local) {
-  OuterFunction(true, false);
+  OuterFunction(TEST_TYPE_LOCAL_UNWINDER);
+}
+
+TEST_F(UnwindTest, local_use_from_pid) {
+  OuterFunction(TEST_TYPE_LOCAL_UNWINDER_FROM_PID);
 }
 
 void WaitForRemote(pid_t pid, uint64_t addr, bool leave_attached, bool* completed) {
@@ -191,7 +218,7 @@
 TEST_F(UnwindTest, remote) {
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
-    OuterFunction(false, false);
+    OuterFunction(TEST_TYPE_REMOTE);
     exit(0);
   }
   ASSERT_NE(-1, pid);
@@ -212,11 +239,39 @@
       << "ptrace detach failed with unexpected error: " << strerror(errno);
 }
 
+TEST_F(UnwindTest, unwind_from_pid_remote) {
+  pid_t pid;
+  if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
+    OuterFunction(TEST_TYPE_REMOTE);
+    exit(0);
+  }
+  ASSERT_NE(-1, pid);
+  TestScopedPidReaper reap(pid);
+
+  bool completed;
+  WaitForRemote(pid, reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&g_ready_for_remote), true, &completed);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(completed) << "Timed out waiting for remote process to be ready.";
+
+  std::unique_ptr<Regs> regs(Regs::RemoteGet(pid));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(regs.get() != nullptr);
+
+  UnwinderFromPid unwinder(512, pid);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(unwinder.Init(regs->Arch()));
+  unwinder.SetRegs(regs.get());
+
+  VerifyUnwind(&unwinder, kFunctionOrder);
+
+  // Verify that calling the same object works again.
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, 0))
+      << "ptrace detach failed with unexpected error: " << strerror(errno);
+}
+
 TEST_F(UnwindTest, from_context) {
   std::atomic_int tid(0);
   std::thread thread([&]() {
     tid = syscall(__NR_gettid);
-    OuterFunction(false, false);
+    OuterFunction(TEST_TYPE_REMOTE);
   });
 
   struct sigaction act, oldact;
@@ -266,7 +321,7 @@
     act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART | SA_ONSTACK | sa_flags;
     ASSERT_EQ(0, sigaction(signal, &act, &oldact));
 
-    OuterFunction(false, signal == SIGSEGV);
+    OuterFunction(signal != SIGSEGV ? TEST_TYPE_REMOTE : TEST_TYPE_REMOTE_WITH_INVALID_CALL);
     exit(0);
   }
   ASSERT_NE(-1, pid);
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/UnwinderTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwinderTest.cpp
index 2428f68..49aeeb3 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/UnwinderTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwinderTest.cpp
@@ -42,81 +42,64 @@
 
 namespace unwindstack {
 
-class MapsFake : public Maps {
- public:
-  MapsFake() = default;
-  virtual ~MapsFake() = default;
-
-  bool Parse() { return true; }
-
-  void FakeClear() { maps_.clear(); }
-
-  void FakeAddMapInfo(MapInfo* map_info) { maps_.push_back(map_info); }
-};
-
 class UnwinderTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
+  static void AddMapInfo(uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint64_t offset, uint64_t flags,
+                         const char* name, Elf* elf = nullptr) {
+    std::string str_name(name);
+    maps_->Add(start, end, offset, flags, name, static_cast<uint64_t>(-1));
+    if (elf != nullptr) {
+      MapInfo* map_info = *--maps_->end();
+      map_info->elf.reset(elf);
+    }
+  }
+
   static void SetUpTestCase() {
-    maps_.FakeClear();
-    MapInfo* info = new MapInfo(0x1000, 0x8000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, "/system/fake/libc.so");
+    maps_.reset(new Maps);
+
     ElfFake* elf = new ElfFake(new MemoryFake);
-    info->elf.reset(elf);
     elf->FakeSetInterface(new ElfInterfaceFake(nullptr));
-    maps_.FakeAddMapInfo(info);
+    AddMapInfo(0x1000, 0x8000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, "/system/fake/libc.so", elf);
 
-    info = new MapInfo(0x10000, 0x12000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, "[stack]");
-    maps_.FakeAddMapInfo(info);
+    AddMapInfo(0x10000, 0x12000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, "[stack]");
 
-    info = new MapInfo(0x13000, 0x15000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP,
-                       "/dev/fake_device");
-    maps_.FakeAddMapInfo(info);
+    AddMapInfo(0x13000, 0x15000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | MAPS_FLAGS_DEVICE_MAP,
+               "/dev/fake_device");
 
-    info = new MapInfo(0x20000, 0x22000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, "/system/fake/libunwind.so");
     elf = new ElfFake(new MemoryFake);
-    info->elf.reset(elf);
     elf->FakeSetInterface(new ElfInterfaceFake(nullptr));
-    maps_.FakeAddMapInfo(info);
+    AddMapInfo(0x20000, 0x22000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, "/system/fake/libunwind.so", elf);
 
-    info = new MapInfo(0x23000, 0x24000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, "/fake/libanother.so");
     elf = new ElfFake(new MemoryFake);
-    info->elf.reset(elf);
     elf->FakeSetInterface(new ElfInterfaceFake(nullptr));
-    maps_.FakeAddMapInfo(info);
+    AddMapInfo(0x23000, 0x24000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, "/fake/libanother.so", elf);
 
-    info = new MapInfo(0x33000, 0x34000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, "/fake/compressed.so");
     elf = new ElfFake(new MemoryFake);
-    info->elf.reset(elf);
     elf->FakeSetInterface(new ElfInterfaceFake(nullptr));
-    maps_.FakeAddMapInfo(info);
+    AddMapInfo(0x33000, 0x34000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, "/fake/compressed.so", elf);
 
-    info = new MapInfo(0x43000, 0x44000, 0x1d000, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, "/fake/fake.apk");
     elf = new ElfFake(new MemoryFake);
-    info->elf.reset(elf);
     elf->FakeSetInterface(new ElfInterfaceFake(nullptr));
-    maps_.FakeAddMapInfo(info);
+    AddMapInfo(0x43000, 0x44000, 0x1d000, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, "/fake/fake.apk", elf);
 
-    info = new MapInfo(0x53000, 0x54000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, "/fake/fake.oat");
-    maps_.FakeAddMapInfo(info);
+    AddMapInfo(0x53000, 0x54000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, "/fake/fake.oat");
 
-    info = new MapInfo(0xa3000, 0xa4000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC, "/fake/fake.vdex");
+    AddMapInfo(0xa3000, 0xa4000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC, "/fake/fake.vdex");
+    MapInfo* info = *--maps_->end();
     info->load_bias = 0;
-    maps_.FakeAddMapInfo(info);
 
-    info = new MapInfo(0xa5000, 0xa6000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
-                       "/fake/fake_load_bias.so");
     elf = new ElfFake(new MemoryFake);
-    info->elf.reset(elf);
     elf->FakeSetInterface(new ElfInterfaceFake(nullptr));
     elf->FakeSetLoadBias(0x5000);
-    maps_.FakeAddMapInfo(info);
+    AddMapInfo(0xa5000, 0xa6000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC, "/fake/fake_load_bias.so",
+               elf);
 
-    info = new MapInfo(0xa7000, 0xa8000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC,
-                       "/fake/fake_offset.oat");
     elf = new ElfFake(new MemoryFake);
-    info->elf.reset(elf);
     elf->FakeSetInterface(new ElfInterfaceFake(nullptr));
+    AddMapInfo(0xa7000, 0xa8000, 0, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC, "/fake/fake_offset.oat",
+               elf);
+    info = *--maps_->end();
     info->elf_offset = 0x8000;
-    maps_.FakeAddMapInfo(info);
 
     process_memory_.reset(new MemoryFake);
   }
@@ -127,12 +110,12 @@
     regs_.FakeSetReturnAddressValid(false);
   }
 
-  static MapsFake maps_;
+  static std::unique_ptr<Maps> maps_;
   static RegsFake regs_;
   static std::shared_ptr<Memory> process_memory_;
 };
 
-MapsFake UnwinderTest::maps_;
+std::unique_ptr<Maps> UnwinderTest::maps_;
 RegsFake UnwinderTest::regs_(5);
 std::shared_ptr<Memory> UnwinderTest::process_memory_(nullptr);
 
@@ -147,7 +130,7 @@
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0x1202, 0x10020, false));
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0, 0, true));
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_NONE, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
 
@@ -161,7 +144,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame0", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/system/fake/libc.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -175,7 +159,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame1", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(1U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/system/fake/libc.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -189,7 +174,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame2", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(2U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/system/fake/libc.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -207,7 +193,7 @@
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0x1202, 0x10020, false));
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0, 0, true));
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   unwinder.SetResolveNames(false);
   unwinder.Unwind();
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_NONE, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
@@ -222,7 +208,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -236,7 +223,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -250,7 +238,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -264,7 +253,7 @@
   regs_.set_sp(0x10000);
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0, 0, true));
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_NONE, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
 
@@ -278,7 +267,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame0", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/fake/fake_load_bias.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xa5000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xa6000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x5000U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -292,7 +282,7 @@
   regs_.set_sp(0x10000);
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0, 0, true));
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_NONE, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
 
@@ -306,7 +296,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame0", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/fake/fake_offset.oat", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xa7000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xa8000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -320,7 +311,7 @@
   regs_.set_sp(0x10000);
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0, 0, true));
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_NONE, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
 
@@ -334,7 +325,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame0", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/fake/fake.apk", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x1d000U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x1d000U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x43000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x44000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -355,7 +347,7 @@
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0x1102, 0x10010, false));
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0x1202, 0x10020, false));
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_NONE, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
 
@@ -369,7 +361,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame0", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/system/fake/libc.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -386,7 +379,7 @@
   regs_.set_pc(0x1000);
   regs_.set_sp(0x10000);
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(20, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(20, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_MAX_FRAMES_EXCEEDED, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
 
@@ -401,7 +394,8 @@
     EXPECT_EQ("Frame" + std::to_string(i), frame->function_name) << "Failed at frame " << i;
     EXPECT_EQ(i, frame->function_offset) << "Failed at frame " << i;
     EXPECT_EQ("/system/fake/libc.so", frame->map_name) << "Failed at frame " << i;
-    EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset) << "Failed at frame " << i;
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset) << "Failed at frame " << i;
+    EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset) << "Failed at frame " << i;
     EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, frame->map_start) << "Failed at frame " << i;
     EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, frame->map_end) << "Failed at frame " << i;
     EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias) << "Failed at frame " << i;
@@ -426,7 +420,7 @@
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0x23002, 0x10070, false));
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0, 0, true));
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   std::vector<std::string> skip_libs{"libunwind.so", "libanother.so"};
   unwinder.Unwind(&skip_libs);
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_NONE, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
@@ -441,7 +435,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame0", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/system/fake/libc.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -455,7 +450,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame1", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(1U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/system/fake/libunwind.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x20000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x22000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -469,7 +465,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame2", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(2U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/fake/libanother.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x23000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x24000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -486,7 +482,7 @@
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0x21002, 0x50020, false));
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0, 0, true));
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_NONE, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
 
@@ -500,7 +496,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame0", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/system/fake/libc.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -514,7 +510,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame1", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(1U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/system/fake/libunwind.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x20000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x22000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -533,7 +529,7 @@
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0x23102, 0x10020, false));
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0, 0, true));
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_NONE, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
 
@@ -552,7 +548,7 @@
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0x23102, 0x10020, false));
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0, 0, true));
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_NONE, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
 
@@ -566,7 +562,7 @@
   regs_.set_pc(0x41000);
   regs_.set_sp(0x13000);
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_INVALID_MAP, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
 
@@ -580,7 +576,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -601,7 +598,7 @@
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0x23102, 0x10020, false));
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0, 0, true));
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_NONE, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
 
@@ -615,7 +612,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -629,7 +627,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame0", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/system/fake/libc.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -643,7 +642,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame1", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(1U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/fake/libanother.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x23000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x24000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -657,16 +657,66 @@
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushFunctionData(FunctionData("Frame1", 1));
 
   // Fake as if code called a nullptr function.
+  regs_.set_pc(0x20000);
+  regs_.set_sp(0x10000);
+  ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0, 0x10010, false));
+  regs_.FakeSetReturnAddress(0x12);
+  regs_.FakeSetReturnAddressValid(true);
+
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
+  unwinder.Unwind();
+  EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_INVALID_MAP, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, unwinder.NumFrames());
+
+  auto* frame = &unwinder.frames()[0];
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->num);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->rel_pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x20000U, frame->pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x10000U, frame->sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ("Frame0", frame->function_name);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ("/system/fake/libunwind.so", frame->map_name);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x20000U, frame->map_start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x22000U, frame->map_end);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, frame->map_flags);
+
+  frame = &unwinder.frames()[1];
+  EXPECT_EQ(1U, frame->num);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->rel_pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x10010U, frame->sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", frame->function_name);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", frame->map_name);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_end);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, frame->map_flags);
+}
+
+// Verify that a speculative frame is added and left if there are only
+// two frames and the pc is in the middle nowhere.
+TEST_F(UnwinderTest, speculative_frame_not_removed_pc_bad) {
+  ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushFunctionData(FunctionData("Frame0", 0));
+  ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushFunctionData(FunctionData("Frame1", 1));
+
+  // Fake as if code called a nullptr function.
   regs_.set_pc(0);
   regs_.set_sp(0x10000);
   regs_.FakeSetReturnAddress(0x1202);
   regs_.FakeSetReturnAddressValid(true);
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_NONE, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
 
-  ASSERT_EQ(1U, unwinder.NumFrames());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, unwinder.NumFrames());
 
   auto* frame = &unwinder.frames()[0];
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->num);
@@ -676,11 +726,27 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
   EXPECT_EQ(0, frame->map_flags);
+
+  frame = &unwinder.frames()[1];
+  EXPECT_EQ(1U, frame->num);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x200U, frame->rel_pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x1200U, frame->pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x10000U, frame->sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ("Frame0", frame->function_name);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ("/system/fake/libc.so", frame->map_name);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, frame->map_start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, frame->map_end);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, frame->map_flags);
 }
 
 // Verify that an unwind stops when a frame is in given suffix.
@@ -697,14 +763,14 @@
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0x53502, 0x10020, false));
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0, 0, true));
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   std::vector<std::string> suffixes{"oat"};
   unwinder.Unwind(nullptr, &suffixes);
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_NONE, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
 
   ASSERT_EQ(2U, unwinder.NumFrames());
   // Make sure the elf was not initialized.
-  MapInfo* map_info = maps_.Find(0x53000);
+  MapInfo* map_info = maps_->Find(0x53000);
   ASSERT_TRUE(map_info != nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(map_info->elf == nullptr);
 
@@ -716,7 +782,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame0", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/system/fake/libc.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -730,7 +797,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame1", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(1U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/fake/fake.apk", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x1d000U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x1d000U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x43000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x44000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -754,7 +822,7 @@
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0x33502, 0x10020, false));
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0, 0, true));
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_REPEATED_FRAME, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
 
@@ -768,7 +836,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame0", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/system/fake/libc.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -782,7 +851,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame1", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(1U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/fake/compressed.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x33000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x34000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -796,7 +866,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame2", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(2U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/fake/compressed.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x33000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x34000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -809,7 +880,7 @@
   regs_.set_sp(0x10000);
   regs_.FakeSetDexPc(0xa3400);
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_NONE, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
 
@@ -823,7 +894,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/fake/fake.vdex", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xa3000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xa4000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -837,7 +909,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame0", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/system/fake/libc.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -850,7 +923,7 @@
   regs_.set_sp(0x10000);
   regs_.FakeSetDexPc(0x50000);
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_NONE, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
 
@@ -864,7 +937,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -878,7 +952,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame0", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/system/fake/libc.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -894,7 +969,7 @@
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0x33402, 0x10010, false));
   ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushStepData(StepData(0, 0, true));
 
-  Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, &regs_, process_memory_);
+  Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
   unwinder.Unwind();
   EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_NONE, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
 
@@ -908,7 +983,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/fake/fake.vdex", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xa3000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0xa4000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -922,7 +998,8 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame0", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/system/fake/libc.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
@@ -936,13 +1013,42 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("Frame1", frame->function_name);
   EXPECT_EQ(1U, frame->function_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ("/fake/compressed.so", frame->map_name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x33000U, frame->map_start);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x34000U, frame->map_end);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
   EXPECT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, frame->map_flags);
 }
 
+TEST_F(UnwinderTest, dex_pc_max_frames) {
+  ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushFunctionData(FunctionData("Frame0", 0));
+  regs_.set_pc(0x1000);
+  regs_.set_sp(0x10000);
+  regs_.FakeSetDexPc(0xa3400);
+
+  Unwinder unwinder(1, maps_.get(), &regs_, process_memory_);
+  unwinder.Unwind();
+  EXPECT_EQ(ERROR_MAX_FRAMES_EXCEEDED, unwinder.LastErrorCode());
+
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, unwinder.NumFrames());
+
+  auto* frame = &unwinder.frames()[0];
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->num);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x400U, frame->rel_pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xa3400U, frame->pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x10000U, frame->sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ("", frame->function_name);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->function_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ("/fake/fake.vdex", frame->map_name);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_elf_start_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_exact_offset);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xa3000U, frame->map_start);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0xa4000U, frame->map_end);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0U, frame->map_load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC, frame->map_flags);
+}
+
 // Verify format frame code.
 TEST_F(UnwinderTest, format_frame_static) {
   FrameData frame;
@@ -953,17 +1059,17 @@
   frame.function_name = "function";
   frame.function_offset = 100;
   frame.map_name = "/fake/libfake.so";
-  frame.map_offset = 0x2000;
+  frame.map_elf_start_offset = 0x2000;
   frame.map_start = 0x3000;
   frame.map_end = 0x6000;
   frame.map_flags = PROT_READ;
 
-  EXPECT_EQ("  #01 pc 0000000000001000 (offset 0x2000)  /fake/libfake.so (function+100)",
+  EXPECT_EQ("  #01 pc 0000000000001000  /fake/libfake.so (offset 0x2000) (function+100)",
             Unwinder::FormatFrame(frame, false));
-  EXPECT_EQ("  #01 pc 00001000 (offset 0x2000)  /fake/libfake.so (function+100)",
+  EXPECT_EQ("  #01 pc 00001000  /fake/libfake.so (offset 0x2000) (function+100)",
             Unwinder::FormatFrame(frame, true));
 
-  frame.map_offset = 0;
+  frame.map_elf_start_offset = 0;
   EXPECT_EQ("  #01 pc 0000000000001000  /fake/libfake.so (function+100)",
             Unwinder::FormatFrame(frame, false));
   EXPECT_EQ("  #01 pc 00001000  /fake/libfake.so (function+100)",
@@ -974,6 +1080,12 @@
             Unwinder::FormatFrame(frame, false));
   EXPECT_EQ("  #01 pc 00001000  /fake/libfake.so (function)", Unwinder::FormatFrame(frame, true));
 
+  // Verify the function name is demangled.
+  frame.function_name = "_ZN4funcEv";
+  EXPECT_EQ("  #01 pc 0000000000001000  /fake/libfake.so (func())",
+            Unwinder::FormatFrame(frame, false));
+  EXPECT_EQ("  #01 pc 00001000  /fake/libfake.so (func())", Unwinder::FormatFrame(frame, true));
+
   frame.function_name = "";
   EXPECT_EQ("  #01 pc 0000000000001000  /fake/libfake.so", Unwinder::FormatFrame(frame, false));
   EXPECT_EQ("  #01 pc 00001000  /fake/libfake.so", Unwinder::FormatFrame(frame, true));
@@ -1038,7 +1150,7 @@
   for (auto regs : reg_list) {
     ElfInterfaceFake::FakePushFunctionData(FunctionData("Frame0", 10));
 
-    Unwinder unwinder(64, &maps_, regs, process_memory_);
+    Unwinder unwinder(64, maps_.get(), regs, process_memory_);
     unwinder.Unwind();
 
     ASSERT_EQ(1U, unwinder.NumFrames());
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/art_quick_osr_stub_arm/maps.txt b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/art_quick_osr_stub_arm/maps.txt
index 55aaaf6..5657373 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/art_quick_osr_stub_arm/maps.txt
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/art_quick_osr_stub_arm/maps.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 d0250000-d2600000 r-xp 0 00:00 0 <anonymous:d0250000>
 e466e000-e4ae8000 r-xp 0 00:00 0 libart.so
+e4ae8000-e4ae9000 rw-p 1000 00:00 0 libart.so
 e7d91000-e7e31000 r-xp 0 00:00 0 libc.so
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/jit_debug_arm/maps.txt b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/jit_debug_arm/maps.txt
index f25c781..3cd9d40 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/jit_debug_arm/maps.txt
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/jit_debug_arm/maps.txt
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 dfe4e000-dfe7b000 r-xp 0 00:00 0   libarttestd.so
 e0447000-e0448000 r-xp 2000 00:00 0   137-cfi.odex
 e2796000-e4796000 r-xp 0 00:00 0   anonymous:e2796000
-e648e000-e690f000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0  libart.so
+e648e000-e690f000 r-xp 0 00:00 0  libart.so
+e690f000-e6910000 rw-p 1000 00:00 0  libart.so
 ed306000-ed801000 r-xp 0 00:00 0   libartd.so
+ed801000-ed802000 rw-p 1000 00:00 0   libartd.so
 eda88000-edb23000 r-xp 0 00:00 0   libc.so
 ede4e000-ede50000 r-xp 0 00:00 0   anonymous:ede4e000
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/jit_debug_x86/maps.txt b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/jit_debug_x86/maps.txt
index db4f9f7..a8d215c 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/jit_debug_x86/maps.txt
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/jit_debug_x86/maps.txt
@@ -3,4 +3,5 @@
 ec606000-ec607000 r-xp 2000 00:00 0   137-cfi.odex
 ee74c000-f074c000 r-xp 0 00:00 0   anonymous:ee74c000
 f6be1000-f732b000 r-xp 0 00:00 0   libartd.so
+f732b000-f732c000 rw-p 1000 00:00 0   libartd.so
 f734b000-f74fc000 r-xp 0 00:00 0   libc.so
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/maps.txt b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/maps.txt
index 6224464..768dd9f 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/maps.txt
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/offset_arm/maps.txt
@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+2b2a000-2b6c000 r--p 0 00:00 0   libunwindstack_test
 2b6c000-2e92000 r-xp 42000 00:00 0   libunwindstack_test
+f4110000-f4135000 r--p 0 00:00 0   libc.so
 f4135000-f41a9000 r-xp 25000 00:00 0   libc.so
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/ANGLEPrebuilt.apk b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/ANGLEPrebuilt.apk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0277359
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/ANGLEPrebuilt.apk
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/libc.so b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/libc.so
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20008fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/libc.so
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/linker64 b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/linker64
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b90933b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/linker64
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/maps.txt b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/maps.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4fc067
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/maps.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+7dabc03000-7dabc3f000 r--p 4000 00:00 0   ANGLEPrebuilt.apk
+7dabc3f000-7dabcf0000 r-xp 40000 00:00 0   ANGLEPrebuilt.apk
+7e7ee48000-7e7ee88000 r--p 0 00:00 0   libc.so
+7e7ee88000-7e7ef32000 r-xp 40000 00:00 0   libc.so
+7e82b01000-7e82b03000 r-xp 0 00:00 0   vdso.so
+7e82b03000-7e82b3c000 r--p 0 00:00 0   linker64
+7e82b3c000-7e82c77000 r-xp 39000 00:00 0   linker64
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/regs.txt b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/regs.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e2ea32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/regs.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+x0: 7df8ca3c24
+x1: 0
+x2: ffffffff
+x3: 0
+x4: 0
+x5: 0
+x6: 0
+x7: 7f7f7f7f7f7f7f7f
+x8: 62
+x9: 20dd5829922a93ac
+x10: 7e82b57420
+x11: 4100
+x12: 7df8ca3b70
+x13: 7df8ca3b98
+x14: 73d015e5
+x15: 39a36122467299
+x16: 76ac
+x17: 0
+x18: 7df8cfc000
+x19: 7dabf3e7a0
+x20: 7df8ca3da0
+x21: 59616d61
+x22: 1
+x23: 7df8ca3c24
+x24: 1894
+x25: 62
+x26: 2
+x27: 0
+x28: 7dabf3e790
+x29: 7df8ca3d90
+sp: 7df8ca3bf0
+lr: 7e82b57270
+pc: 7e82c4fcbc
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/stack0.data b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/stack0.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec07e15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/stack0.data
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/stack1.data b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/stack1.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..825bb1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/stack1.data
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/vdso.so b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/vdso.so
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..205ebd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/vdso.so
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/lib_mem.data b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/lib_mem.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f39d127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/lib_mem.data
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/libc.so b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/libc.so
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20008fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/libc.so
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/linker64 b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/linker64
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b90933b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/linker64
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/maps.txt b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/maps.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..386d57a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/maps.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+7dabc03000-7dabc3f000 r--p 21d5000 00:00 0   ANGLEPrebuilt.apk
+7dabc3f000-7dabcf0000 r-xp 2211000 00:00 0   ANGLEPrebuilt.apk
+7e7ee48000-7e7ee88000 r--p 0 00:00 0   libc.so
+7e7ee88000-7e7ef32000 r-xp 40000 00:00 0   libc.so
+7e82b01000-7e82b03000 r-xp 0 00:00 0   vdso.so
+7e82b03000-7e82b3c000 r--p 0 00:00 0   linker64
+7e82b3c000-7e82c77000 r-xp 39000 00:00 0   linker64
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/regs.txt b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/regs.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e2ea32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/regs.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+x0: 7df8ca3c24
+x1: 0
+x2: ffffffff
+x3: 0
+x4: 0
+x5: 0
+x6: 0
+x7: 7f7f7f7f7f7f7f7f
+x8: 62
+x9: 20dd5829922a93ac
+x10: 7e82b57420
+x11: 4100
+x12: 7df8ca3b70
+x13: 7df8ca3b98
+x14: 73d015e5
+x15: 39a36122467299
+x16: 76ac
+x17: 0
+x18: 7df8cfc000
+x19: 7dabf3e7a0
+x20: 7df8ca3da0
+x21: 59616d61
+x22: 1
+x23: 7df8ca3c24
+x24: 1894
+x25: 62
+x26: 2
+x27: 0
+x28: 7dabf3e790
+x29: 7df8ca3d90
+sp: 7df8ca3bf0
+lr: 7e82b57270
+pc: 7e82c4fcbc
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/stack0.data b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/stack0.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec07e15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/stack0.data
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/stack1.data b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/stack1.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..825bb1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/stack1.data
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/vdso.so b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/vdso.so
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..205ebd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_memory_only_arm64/vdso.so
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind.cpp b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind.cpp
index 22ca7bf..1812e50 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,12 @@
 #include <unwindstack/Unwinder.h>
 
 static bool Attach(pid_t pid) {
-  if (ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0) == -1) {
+  if (ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, pid, 0, 0) == -1) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (ptrace(PTRACE_INTERRUPT, pid, 0, 0) == -1) {
+    ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, 0);
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -52,12 +57,6 @@
 }
 
 void DoUnwind(pid_t pid) {
-  unwindstack::RemoteMaps remote_maps(pid);
-  if (!remote_maps.Parse()) {
-    printf("Failed to parse map data.\n");
-    return;
-  }
-
   unwindstack::Regs* regs = unwindstack::Regs::RemoteGet(pid);
   if (regs == nullptr) {
     printf("Unable to get remote reg data\n");
@@ -90,15 +89,13 @@
   }
   printf("\n");
 
-  auto process_memory = unwindstack::Memory::CreateProcessMemory(pid);
-  unwindstack::Unwinder unwinder(128, &remote_maps, regs, process_memory);
+  unwindstack::UnwinderFromPid unwinder(1024, pid);
+  if (!unwinder.Init(regs->Arch())) {
+    printf("Failed to init unwinder object.\n");
+    return;
+  }
 
-  unwindstack::JitDebug jit_debug(process_memory);
-  unwinder.SetJitDebug(&jit_debug, regs->Arch());
-
-  unwindstack::DexFiles dex_files(process_memory);
-  unwinder.SetDexFiles(&dex_files, regs->Arch());
-
+  unwinder.SetRegs(regs);
   unwinder.Unwind();
 
   // Print the frames.
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_for_offline.cpp b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_for_offline.cpp
index 640992f..4f67d67 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_for_offline.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_for_offline.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/ptrace.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -46,11 +47,17 @@
   uint64_t start;
   uint64_t end;
   uint64_t offset;
+  uint64_t flags;
   std::string name;
 };
 
 static bool Attach(pid_t pid) {
-  if (ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, 0, 0) == -1) {
+  if (ptrace(PTRACE_SEIZE, pid, 0, 0) == -1) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (ptrace(PTRACE_INTERRUPT, pid, 0, 0) == -1) {
+    ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, 0, 0);
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -158,14 +165,19 @@
   return true;
 }
 
-bool CopyElfFromFile(map_info_t* info) {
+bool CopyElfFromFile(map_info_t* info, bool* file_copied) {
+  std::string cur_name = basename(info->name.c_str());
+  if (*file_copied) {
+    info->name = cur_name;
+    return true;
+  }
+
   std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)> fp(fopen(info->name.c_str(), "r"), &fclose);
   if (fp == nullptr) {
     perror((std::string("Cannot open ") + info->name).c_str());
     return false;
   }
 
-  std::string cur_name = basename(info->name.c_str());
   std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)> output(fopen(cur_name.c_str(), "w+"), &fclose);
   if (output == nullptr) {
     perror((std::string("Cannot create file " + cur_name)).c_str());
@@ -188,6 +200,39 @@
   return true;
 }
 
+map_info_t* FillInAndGetMapInfo(std::unordered_map<uint64_t, map_info_t>& maps_by_start,
+                                unwindstack::MapInfo* map_info) {
+  auto info = &maps_by_start[map_info->start];
+  info->start = map_info->start;
+  info->end = map_info->end;
+  info->offset = map_info->offset;
+  info->name = map_info->name;
+  info->flags = map_info->flags;
+
+  return info;
+}
+
+void SaveMapInformation(std::shared_ptr<unwindstack::Memory>& process_memory, map_info_t* info,
+                        bool* file_copied) {
+  if (CopyElfFromFile(info, file_copied)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  *file_copied = false;
+
+  // Try to create the elf from memory, this will handle cases where
+  // the data only exists in memory such as vdso data on x86.
+  if (CreateElfFromMemory(process_memory, info)) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  printf("Cannot save memory or file for map ");
+  if (!info->name.empty()) {
+    printf("%s\n", info->name.c_str());
+  } else {
+    printf("anonymous:%" PRIx64 "\n", info->start);
+  }
+}
+
 int SaveData(pid_t pid) {
   unwindstack::Regs* regs = unwindstack::Regs::RemoteGet(pid);
   if (regs == nullptr) {
@@ -195,12 +240,6 @@
     return 1;
   }
 
-  unwindstack::RemoteMaps maps(pid);
-  if (!maps.Parse()) {
-    printf("Unable to parse maps.\n");
-    return 1;
-  }
-
   // Save the current state of the registers.
   if (!SaveRegs(regs)) {
     return 1;
@@ -208,46 +247,48 @@
 
   // Do an unwind so we know how much of the stack to save, and what
   // elf files are involved.
+  unwindstack::UnwinderFromPid unwinder(1024, pid);
+  if (!unwinder.Init(regs->Arch())) {
+    printf("Unable to init unwinder object.\n");
+    return 1;
+  }
+  unwinder.SetRegs(regs);
   uint64_t sp = regs->sp();
-  auto process_memory = unwindstack::Memory::CreateProcessMemory(pid);
-  unwindstack::JitDebug jit_debug(process_memory);
-  unwindstack::Unwinder unwinder(1024, &maps, regs, process_memory);
-  unwinder.SetJitDebug(&jit_debug, regs->Arch());
   unwinder.Unwind();
 
   std::unordered_map<uint64_t, map_info_t> maps_by_start;
   std::vector<std::pair<uint64_t, uint64_t>> stacks;
+  unwindstack::Maps* maps = unwinder.GetMaps();
   uint64_t sp_map_start = 0;
-  unwindstack::MapInfo* map_info = maps.Find(sp);
+  unwindstack::MapInfo* map_info = maps->Find(sp);
   if (map_info != nullptr) {
     stacks.emplace_back(std::make_pair(sp, map_info->end));
     sp_map_start = map_info->start;
   }
 
-  for (auto frame : unwinder.frames()) {
-    map_info = maps.Find(frame.sp);
+  for (const auto& frame : unwinder.frames()) {
+    map_info = maps->Find(frame.sp);
     if (map_info != nullptr && sp_map_start != map_info->start) {
       stacks.emplace_back(std::make_pair(frame.sp, map_info->end));
       sp_map_start = map_info->start;
     }
 
     if (maps_by_start.count(frame.map_start) == 0) {
-      auto info = &maps_by_start[frame.map_start];
-      info->start = frame.map_start;
-      info->end = frame.map_end;
-      info->offset = frame.map_offset;
-      info->name = frame.map_name;
-      if (!CopyElfFromFile(info)) {
-        // Try to create the elf from memory, this will handle cases where
-        // the data only exists in memory such as vdso data on x86.
-        if (!CreateElfFromMemory(process_memory, info)) {
-          printf("Ignoring map ");
-          if (!info->name.empty()) {
-            printf("%s\n", info->name.c_str());
-          } else {
-            printf("anonymous:%" PRIx64 "\n", info->start);
-          }
-        }
+      map_info = maps->Find(frame.map_start);
+
+      auto info = FillInAndGetMapInfo(maps_by_start, map_info);
+      bool file_copied = false;
+      SaveMapInformation(unwinder.GetProcessMemory(), info, &file_copied);
+
+      // If you are using a a linker that creates two maps (one read-only, one
+      // read-executable), it's necessary to capture the previous map
+      // information if needed.
+      unwindstack::MapInfo* prev_map = map_info->prev_map;
+      if (prev_map != nullptr && map_info->offset != 0 && prev_map->offset == 0 &&
+          prev_map->flags == PROT_READ && map_info->name == prev_map->name &&
+          maps_by_start.count(prev_map->start) == 0) {
+        info = FillInAndGetMapInfo(maps_by_start, prev_map);
+        SaveMapInformation(unwinder.GetProcessMemory(), info, &file_copied);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -272,8 +313,18 @@
   }
 
   for (auto& element : sorted_maps) {
+    char perms[5] = {"---p"};
     map_info_t& map = element.second;
-    fprintf(fp.get(), "%" PRIx64 "-%" PRIx64 " r-xp %" PRIx64 " 00:00 0", map.start, map.end,
+    if (map.flags & PROT_READ) {
+      perms[0] = 'r';
+    }
+    if (map.flags & PROT_WRITE) {
+      perms[1] = 'w';
+    }
+    if (map.flags & PROT_EXEC) {
+      perms[2] = 'x';
+    }
+    fprintf(fp.get(), "%" PRIx64 "-%" PRIx64 " %s %" PRIx64 " 00:00 0", map.start, map.end, perms,
             map.offset);
     if (!map.name.empty()) {
       fprintf(fp.get(), "   %s", map.name.c_str());
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_info.cpp b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_info.cpp
index 266a6db..3f5b88b 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_info.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_info.cpp
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
   }
 
   Elf elf(memory);
-  if (!elf.Init(true) || !elf.valid()) {
+  if (!elf.Init() || !elf.valid()) {
     printf("%s is not a valid elf file.\n", file);
     return 1;
   }
@@ -123,6 +123,15 @@
     printf("Soname: %s\n", soname.c_str());
   }
 
+  std::string build_id = elf.GetBuildID();
+  if (!build_id.empty()) {
+    printf("Build ID: ");
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < build_id.size(); ++i) {
+      printf("%02hhx", build_id[i]);
+    }
+    printf("\n");
+  }
+
   ElfInterface* interface = elf.interface();
   if (elf.machine_type() == EM_ARM) {
     DumpArm(&elf, reinterpret_cast<ElfInterfaceArm*>(interface));
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_reg_info.cpp b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_reg_info.cpp
index 0f01566..4b6f49a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_reg_info.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_reg_info.cpp
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@
   }
 
   Elf elf(memory);
-  if (!elf.Init(true) || !elf.valid()) {
+  if (!elf.Init() || !elf.valid()) {
     printf("%s is not a valid elf file.\n", file);
     return 1;
   }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_symbols.cpp b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_symbols.cpp
index f8e3e92..9128430 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_symbols.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tools/unwind_symbols.cpp
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
   }
 
   unwindstack::Elf elf(memory);
-  if (!elf.Init(true) || !elf.valid()) {
+  if (!elf.Init() || !elf.valid()) {
     printf("%s is not a valid elf file.\n", argv[1]);
     return 1;
   }
diff --git a/libutils/Android.bp b/libutils/Android.bp
index 1c1bdf7..fb7ca32 100644
--- a/libutils/Android.bp
+++ b/libutils/Android.bp
@@ -22,11 +22,13 @@
         "liblog_headers",
         "libsystem_headers",
         "libcutils_headers",
+        "libprocessgroup_headers",
     ],
     export_header_lib_headers: [
         "liblog_headers",
         "libsystem_headers",
         "libcutils_headers",
+        "libprocessgroup_headers",
     ],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 
@@ -59,6 +61,7 @@
         "-Werror",
     ],
     header_libs: [
+        "libbase_headers",
         "libutils_headers",
     ],
     export_header_lib_headers: [
@@ -81,6 +84,7 @@
 
             shared_libs: [
                 "libcutils",
+                "libprocessgroup",
                 "libdl",
                 "libvndksupport",
             ],
@@ -154,7 +158,7 @@
             ],
         },
         linux: {
-            shared_libs: ["libbase"],
+            header_libs: ["libbase_headers"],
             srcs: [
                 "Looper.cpp",
             ],
diff --git a/libutils/FileMap.cpp b/libutils/FileMap.cpp
index 583c6b9..5feb2aa 100644
--- a/libutils/FileMap.cpp
+++ b/libutils/FileMap.cpp
@@ -62,11 +62,17 @@
 }
 
 // Move Constructor.
-FileMap::FileMap(FileMap&& other)
-    : mFileName(other.mFileName), mBasePtr(other.mBasePtr), mBaseLength(other.mBaseLength),
-      mDataOffset(other.mDataOffset), mDataPtr(other.mDataPtr), mDataLength(other.mDataLength)
+FileMap::FileMap(FileMap&& other) noexcept
+    : mFileName(other.mFileName),
+      mBasePtr(other.mBasePtr),
+      mBaseLength(other.mBaseLength),
+      mDataOffset(other.mDataOffset),
+      mDataPtr(other.mDataPtr),
+      mDataLength(other.mDataLength)
 #if defined(__MINGW32__)
-      , mFileHandle(other.mFileHandle), mFileMapping(other.mFileMapping)
+      ,
+      mFileHandle(other.mFileHandle),
+      mFileMapping(other.mFileMapping)
 #endif
 {
     other.mFileName = nullptr;
@@ -79,7 +85,7 @@
 }
 
 // Move assign operator.
-FileMap& FileMap::operator=(FileMap&& other) {
+FileMap& FileMap::operator=(FileMap&& other) noexcept {
     mFileName = other.mFileName;
     mBasePtr = other.mBasePtr;
     mBaseLength = other.mBaseLength;
diff --git a/libutils/Looper.cpp b/libutils/Looper.cpp
index 102fdf0..b3f943d 100644
--- a/libutils/Looper.cpp
+++ b/libutils/Looper.cpp
@@ -51,9 +51,6 @@
 
 // --- Looper ---
 
-// Hint for number of file descriptors to be associated with the epoll instance.
-static const int EPOLL_SIZE_HINT = 8;
-
 // Maximum number of file descriptors for which to retrieve poll events each iteration.
 static const int EPOLL_MAX_EVENTS = 16;
 
@@ -139,7 +136,7 @@
     }
 
     // Allocate the new epoll instance and register the wake pipe.
-    mEpollFd.reset(epoll_create(EPOLL_SIZE_HINT));
+    mEpollFd.reset(epoll_create1(EPOLL_CLOEXEC));
     LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(mEpollFd < 0, "Could not create epoll instance: %s", strerror(errno));
 
     struct epoll_event eventItem;
diff --git a/libutils/PropertyMap.cpp b/libutils/PropertyMap.cpp
index b8c065d..f00272a 100644
--- a/libutils/PropertyMap.cpp
+++ b/libutils/PropertyMap.cpp
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@
 
         mTokenizer->nextLine();
     }
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return OK;
 }
 
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/libutils/RefBase.cpp b/libutils/RefBase.cpp
index 3f1e79a..ae10789 100644
--- a/libutils/RefBase.cpp
+++ b/libutils/RefBase.cpp
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
+
 #include <utils/RefBase.h>
 
 #include <utils/CallStack.h>
@@ -479,7 +481,7 @@
     case INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE:
         refs->mStrong.fetch_sub(INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE,
                 std::memory_order_relaxed);
-        // fall through...
+        FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
     case 0:
         refs->mBase->onFirstRef();
     }
diff --git a/libutils/String16.cpp b/libutils/String16.cpp
index 5c0b406..818b171 100644
--- a/libutils/String16.cpp
+++ b/libutils/String16.cpp
@@ -157,12 +157,12 @@
     if (begin >= N) {
         SharedBuffer::bufferFromData(mString)->release();
         mString = getEmptyString();
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
     if ((begin+len) > N) len = N-begin;
     if (begin == 0 && len == N) {
         setTo(other);
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
 
     if (&other == this) {
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
         memmove(str, other, len*sizeof(char16_t));
         str[len] = 0;
         mString = str;
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
     return NO_MEMORY;
 }
@@ -202,9 +202,9 @@
     const size_t otherLen = other.size();
     if (myLen == 0) {
         setTo(other);
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     } else if (otherLen == 0) {
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
 
     if (myLen >= SIZE_MAX / sizeof(char16_t) - otherLen) {
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
         char16_t* str = (char16_t*)buf->data();
         memcpy(str+myLen, other, (otherLen+1)*sizeof(char16_t));
         mString = str;
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
     return NO_MEMORY;
 }
@@ -228,9 +228,9 @@
     const size_t myLen = size();
     if (myLen == 0) {
         setTo(chrs, otherLen);
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     } else if (otherLen == 0) {
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
 
     if (myLen >= SIZE_MAX / sizeof(char16_t) - otherLen) {
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@
         memcpy(str+myLen, chrs, otherLen*sizeof(char16_t));
         str[myLen+otherLen] = 0;
         mString = str;
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
     return NO_MEMORY;
 }
@@ -260,9 +260,9 @@
     const size_t myLen = size();
     if (myLen == 0) {
         return setTo(chrs, len);
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     } else if (len == 0) {
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
 
     if (pos > myLen) pos = myLen;
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@
         #if 0
         printf("Result (%d chrs): %s\n", size(), String8(*this).string());
         #endif
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
     return NO_MEMORY;
 }
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@
             edit[i] = tolower((char)v);
         }
     }
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return OK;
 }
 
 status_t String16::replaceAll(char16_t replaceThis, char16_t withThis)
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@
             edit[i] = withThis;
         }
     }
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return OK;
 }
 
 status_t String16::remove(size_t len, size_t begin)
@@ -387,11 +387,11 @@
     if (begin >= N) {
         SharedBuffer::bufferFromData(mString)->release();
         mString = getEmptyString();
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
     if ((begin+len) > N) len = N-begin;
     if (begin == 0 && len == N) {
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
 
     if (begin > 0) {
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@
         char16_t* str = (char16_t*)buf->data();
         str[len] = 0;
         mString = str;
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
     return NO_MEMORY;
 }
diff --git a/libutils/String8.cpp b/libutils/String8.cpp
index 8d318f7..0025c56 100644
--- a/libutils/String8.cpp
+++ b/libutils/String8.cpp
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@
     const char *newString = allocFromUTF8(other, strlen(other));
     SharedBuffer::bufferFromData(mString)->release();
     mString = newString;
-    if (mString) return NO_ERROR;
+    if (mString) return OK;
 
     mString = getEmptyString();
     return NO_MEMORY;
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@
     const char *newString = allocFromUTF8(other, len);
     SharedBuffer::bufferFromData(mString)->release();
     mString = newString;
-    if (mString) return NO_ERROR;
+    if (mString) return OK;
 
     mString = getEmptyString();
     return NO_MEMORY;
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@
     const char *newString = allocFromUTF16(other, len);
     SharedBuffer::bufferFromData(mString)->release();
     mString = newString;
-    if (mString) return NO_ERROR;
+    if (mString) return OK;
 
     mString = getEmptyString();
     return NO_MEMORY;
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@
     const char *newString = allocFromUTF32(other, len);
     SharedBuffer::bufferFromData(mString)->release();
     mString = newString;
-    if (mString) return NO_ERROR;
+    if (mString) return OK;
 
     mString = getEmptyString();
     return NO_MEMORY;
@@ -274,9 +274,9 @@
     const size_t otherLen = other.bytes();
     if (bytes() == 0) {
         setTo(other);
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     } else if (otherLen == 0) {
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
 
     return real_append(other.string(), otherLen);
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@
     if (bytes() == 0) {
         return setTo(other, otherLen);
     } else if (otherLen == 0) {
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
 
     return real_append(other, otherLen);
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@
 
 status_t String8::appendFormatV(const char* fmt, va_list args)
 {
-    int n, result = NO_ERROR;
+    int n, result = OK;
     va_list tmp_args;
 
     /* args is undefined after vsnprintf.
@@ -346,7 +346,7 @@
         str += myLen;
         memcpy(str, other, otherLen);
         str[otherLen] = '\0';
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
     return NO_MEMORY;
 }
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@
         mString = str;
     }
 
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return OK;
 }
 
 ssize_t String8::find(const char* other, size_t start) const
diff --git a/libutils/Threads.cpp b/libutils/Threads.cpp
index 43ec6c1..31ca138 100644
--- a/libutils/Threads.cpp
+++ b/libutils/Threads.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 
 #include <utils/Log.h>
 
-#include <cutils/sched_policy.h>
+#include <processgroup/sched_policy.h>
 
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
 # define __android_unused
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@
 {
     DWORD dwWaitResult;
     dwWaitResult = WaitForSingleObject((HANDLE) mState, INFINITE);
-    return dwWaitResult != WAIT_OBJECT_0 ? -1 : NO_ERROR;
+    return dwWaitResult != WAIT_OBJECT_0 ? -1 : OK;
 }
 
 void Mutex::unlock()
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@
         ReleaseMutex(condState->internalMutex);
         WaitForSingleObject(hMutex, INFINITE);
 
-        return res == WAIT_OBJECT_0 ? NO_ERROR : -1;
+        return res == WAIT_OBJECT_0 ? OK : -1;
     }
 } WinCondition;
 
@@ -639,13 +639,15 @@
  */
 
 Thread::Thread(bool canCallJava)
-    :   mCanCallJava(canCallJava),
-        mThread(thread_id_t(-1)),
-        mLock("Thread::mLock"),
-        mStatus(NO_ERROR),
-        mExitPending(false), mRunning(false)
+    : mCanCallJava(canCallJava),
+      mThread(thread_id_t(-1)),
+      mLock("Thread::mLock"),
+      mStatus(OK),
+      mExitPending(false),
+      mRunning(false)
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
-        , mTid(-1)
+      ,
+      mTid(-1)
 #endif
 {
 }
@@ -656,7 +658,7 @@
 
 status_t Thread::readyToRun()
 {
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return OK;
 }
 
 status_t Thread::run(const char* name, int32_t priority, size_t stack)
@@ -672,7 +674,7 @@
 
     // reset status and exitPending to their default value, so we can
     // try again after an error happened (either below, or in readyToRun())
-    mStatus = NO_ERROR;
+    mStatus = OK;
     mExitPending = false;
     mThread = thread_id_t(-1);
 
@@ -700,10 +702,10 @@
     }
 
     // Do not refer to mStatus here: The thread is already running (may, in fact
-    // already have exited with a valid mStatus result). The NO_ERROR indication
+    // already have exited with a valid mStatus result). The OK indication
     // here merely indicates successfully starting the thread and does not
     // imply successful termination/execution.
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return OK;
 
     // Exiting scope of mLock is a memory barrier and allows new thread to run
 }
@@ -728,7 +730,7 @@
         if (first) {
             first = false;
             self->mStatus = self->readyToRun();
-            result = (self->mStatus == NO_ERROR);
+            result = (self->mStatus == OK);
 
             if (result && !self->exitPending()) {
                 // Binder threads (and maybe others) rely on threadLoop
diff --git a/libutils/Tokenizer.cpp b/libutils/Tokenizer.cpp
index f73d699..98dd2fd 100644
--- a/libutils/Tokenizer.cpp
+++ b/libutils/Tokenizer.cpp
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 status_t Tokenizer::open(const String8& filename, Tokenizer** outTokenizer) {
     *outTokenizer = nullptr;
 
-    int result = NO_ERROR;
+    int result = OK;
     int fd = ::open(filename.string(), O_RDONLY);
     if (fd < 0) {
         result = -errno;
diff --git a/libutils/Unicode.cpp b/libutils/Unicode.cpp
index 82f650d..5f0a51f 100644
--- a/libutils/Unicode.cpp
+++ b/libutils/Unicode.cpp
@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "unicode"
 
-#include <utils/Unicode.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <limits.h>
+#include <utils/Unicode.h>
 
 #include <log/log.h>
 
@@ -105,8 +106,11 @@
     switch (bytes)
     {   /* note: everything falls through. */
         case 4: *--dstP = (uint8_t)((srcChar | kByteMark) & kByteMask); srcChar >>= 6;
+            FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
         case 3: *--dstP = (uint8_t)((srcChar | kByteMark) & kByteMask); srcChar >>= 6;
+            FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
         case 2: *--dstP = (uint8_t)((srcChar | kByteMark) & kByteMask); srcChar >>= 6;
+            FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
         case 1: *--dstP = (uint8_t)(srcChar | kFirstByteMark[bytes]);
     }
 }
diff --git a/libutils/VectorImpl.cpp b/libutils/VectorImpl.cpp
index e16f88d..c97a19b 100644
--- a/libutils/VectorImpl.cpp
+++ b/libutils/VectorImpl.cpp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
         "[%p] subclasses of VectorImpl must call finish_vector()"
         " in their destructor. Leaking %d bytes.",
         this, (int)(mCount*mItemSize));
-    // We can't call _do_destroy() here because the vtable is already gone. 
+    // We can't call _do_destroy() here because the vtable is already gone.
 }
 
 VectorImpl& VectorImpl::operator = (const VectorImpl& rhs)
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
                 _do_copy(temp, item, 1);
 
                 ssize_t j = i-1;
-                void* next = reinterpret_cast<char*>(array) + mItemSize*(i);                    
+                void* next = reinterpret_cast<char*>(array) + mItemSize*(i);
                 do {
                     _do_destroy(next, 1);
                     _do_copy(next, curr, 1);
@@ -214,13 +214,13 @@
             }
             i++;
         }
-        
+
         if (temp) {
             _do_destroy(temp, 1);
             free(temp);
         }
     }
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return OK;
 }
 
 void VectorImpl::pop()
@@ -354,7 +354,7 @@
 }
 
 ssize_t VectorImpl::resize(size_t size) {
-    ssize_t result = NO_ERROR;
+    ssize_t result = OK;
     if (size > mCount) {
         result = insertAt(mCount, size - mCount);
     } else if (size < mCount) {
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@
         if (sb->release(SharedBuffer::eKeepStorage) == 1) {
             _do_destroy(mStorage, mCount);
             SharedBuffer::dealloc(sb);
-        } 
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -644,13 +644,13 @@
             }
         }
     }
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return OK;
 }
 
 ssize_t SortedVectorImpl::merge(const SortedVectorImpl& vector)
 {
     // we've merging a sorted vector... nice!
-    ssize_t err = NO_ERROR;
+    ssize_t err = OK;
     if (!vector.isEmpty()) {
         // first take care of the case where the vectors are sorted together
         if (do_compare(vector.itemLocation(vector.size()-1), arrayImpl()) <= 0) {
@@ -677,4 +677,3 @@
 /*****************************************************************************/
 
 }; // namespace android
-
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/CallStack.h b/libutils/include/utils/CallStack.h
index 56004fe..7a4a345 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/CallStack.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/CallStack.h
@@ -123,13 +123,14 @@
         if (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(logStackInternal) != 0 && stack != nullptr) {
             logStackInternal(logtag, stack, priority);
         } else {
-            ALOGW("CallStack::logStackInternal not linked");
+            ALOG(LOG_WARN, logtag, "CallStack::logStackInternal not linked");
         }
     }
 
 #else
-    static void ALWAYS_INLINE logStack(const char*, CallStack* = getCurrent().get(),
+    static void ALWAYS_INLINE logStack(const char* logtag, CallStack* = getCurrent().get(),
                                        android_LogPriority = ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG) {
+        ALOG(LOG_WARN, logtag, "CallStack::logStackInternal not linked");
     }
 #endif // !WEAKS_AVAILABLE
 
@@ -139,13 +140,13 @@
         if (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(stackToStringInternal) != 0 && stack != nullptr) {
             return stackToStringInternal(prefix, stack);
         } else {
-            return String8("<CallStack package not linked>");
+            return String8::format("%s<CallStack package not linked>", (prefix ? prefix : ""));
         }
     }
 #else // !WEAKS_AVAILABLE
-    static String8 ALWAYS_INLINE stackToString(const char* = nullptr,
+    static String8 ALWAYS_INLINE stackToString(const char* prefix = nullptr,
                                                const CallStack* = getCurrent().get()) {
-        return String8("<CallStack package not linked>");
+        return String8::format("%s<CallStack package not linked>", (prefix ? prefix : ""));
     }
 #endif // !WEAKS_AVAILABLE
 
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/Errors.h b/libutils/include/utils/Errors.h
index 7093a20..1e03677 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/Errors.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/Errors.h
@@ -14,22 +14,19 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef ANDROID_ERRORS_H
-#define ANDROID_ERRORS_H
+#pragma once
 
-#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 
 namespace android {
 
-// use this type to return error codes
-#ifdef _WIN32
-typedef int         status_t;
-#else
-typedef int32_t     status_t;
-#endif
-
-/* the MS C runtime lacks a few error codes */
+/**
+ * The type used to return success/failure from frameworks APIs.
+ * See the anonymous enum below for valid values.
+ */
+typedef int32_t status_t;
 
 /*
  * Error codes. 
@@ -43,8 +40,8 @@
 #endif
 
 enum {
-    OK                = 0,    // Everything's swell.
-    NO_ERROR          = 0,    // No errors.
+    OK                = 0,    // Preferred constant for checking success.
+    NO_ERROR          = OK,   // Deprecated synonym for `OK`. Prefer `OK` because it doesn't conflict with Windows.
 
     UNKNOWN_ERROR       = (-2147483647-1), // INT32_MIN value
 
@@ -82,7 +79,3 @@
 #endif
 
 }  // namespace android
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-    
-#endif // ANDROID_ERRORS_H
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/FileMap.h b/libutils/include/utils/FileMap.h
index 8d402a3..f9f8f3c 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/FileMap.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/FileMap.h
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@
 public:
     FileMap(void);
 
-    FileMap(FileMap&& f);
-    FileMap& operator=(FileMap&& f);
+    FileMap(FileMap&& f) noexcept;
+    FileMap& operator=(FileMap&& f) noexcept;
 
     /*
      * Create a new mapping on an open file.
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/Flattenable.h b/libutils/include/utils/Flattenable.h
index 0a19019..9d00602 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/Flattenable.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/Flattenable.h
@@ -190,11 +190,11 @@
     inline status_t flatten(void* buffer, size_t size) const {
         if (size < sizeof(T)) return NO_MEMORY;
         memcpy(buffer, static_cast<T const*>(this), sizeof(T));
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
     inline status_t unflatten(void const* buffer, size_t) {
         memcpy(static_cast<T*>(this), buffer, sizeof(T));
-        return NO_ERROR;
+        return OK;
     }
 };
 
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/Functor.h b/libutils/include/utils/Functor.h
index c0c8d57..c458699 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/Functor.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/Functor.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
 public:
     Functor() {}
     virtual ~Functor() {}
-    virtual status_t operator ()(int /*what*/, void* /*data*/) { return NO_ERROR; }
+    virtual status_t operator()(int /*what*/, void* /*data*/) { return OK; }
 };
 
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/StrongPointer.h b/libutils/include/utils/StrongPointer.h
index 3abce17..1571129 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/StrongPointer.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/StrongPointer.h
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
 
     sp(T* other);  // NOLINT(implicit)
     sp(const sp<T>& other);
-    sp(sp<T>&& other);
+    sp(sp<T>&& other) noexcept;
     template<typename U> sp(U* other);  // NOLINT(implicit)
     template<typename U> sp(const sp<U>& other);  // NOLINT(implicit)
     template<typename U> sp(sp<U>&& other);  // NOLINT(implicit)
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
 
     sp& operator = (T* other);
     sp& operator = (const sp<T>& other);
-    sp& operator = (sp<T>&& other);
+    sp& operator=(sp<T>&& other) noexcept;
 
     template<typename U> sp& operator = (const sp<U>& other);
     template<typename U> sp& operator = (sp<U>&& other);
@@ -125,9 +125,8 @@
         m_ptr->incStrong(this);
 }
 
-template<typename T>
-sp<T>::sp(sp<T>&& other)
-        : m_ptr(other.m_ptr) {
+template <typename T>
+sp<T>::sp(sp<T>&& other) noexcept : m_ptr(other.m_ptr) {
     other.m_ptr = nullptr;
 }
 
@@ -169,8 +168,8 @@
     return *this;
 }
 
-template<typename T>
-sp<T>& sp<T>::operator =(sp<T>&& other) {
+template <typename T>
+sp<T>& sp<T>::operator=(sp<T>&& other) noexcept {
     T* oldPtr(*const_cast<T* volatile*>(&m_ptr));
     if (oldPtr) oldPtr->decStrong(this);
     if (oldPtr != *const_cast<T* volatile*>(&m_ptr)) sp_report_race();
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/Thread.h b/libutils/include/utils/Thread.h
index 3525138..fc67656 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/Thread.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/Thread.h
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@
     virtual             ~Thread();
 
     // Start the thread in threadLoop() which needs to be implemented.
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-default-arguments)
     virtual status_t    run(    const char* name,
                                 int32_t priority = PRIORITY_DEFAULT,
                                 size_t stack = 0);
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/Tokenizer.h b/libutils/include/utils/Tokenizer.h
index bb25f37..61c5ff7 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/Tokenizer.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/Tokenizer.h
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
     /**
      * Opens a file and maps it into memory.
      *
-     * Returns NO_ERROR and a tokenizer for the file, if successful.
+     * Returns OK and a tokenizer for the file, if successful.
      * Otherwise returns an error and sets outTokenizer to NULL.
      */
     static status_t open(const String8& filename, Tokenizer** outTokenizer);
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
     /**
      * Prepares to tokenize the contents of a string.
      *
-     * Returns NO_ERROR and a tokenizer for the string, if successful.
+     * Returns OK and a tokenizer for the string, if successful.
      * Otherwise returns an error and sets outTokenizer to NULL.
      */
     static status_t fromContents(const String8& filename,
diff --git a/libziparchive/Android.bp b/libziparchive/Android.bp
index 2606aa9..9538bba 100644
--- a/libziparchive/Android.bp
+++ b/libziparchive/Android.bp
@@ -23,11 +23,21 @@
         "-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64",
     ],
     cppflags: [
-        "-Wold-style-cast",
         // Incorrectly warns when C++11 empty brace {} initializer is used.
         // https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61489
         "-Wno-missing-field-initializers",
     ],
+
+    // Enable -Wold-style-cast only for non-Windows targets.  _islower_l,
+    // _isupper_l etc. in MinGW locale_win32.h (included from
+    // libcxx/include/__locale) has an old-style-cast.
+    target: {
+        not_windows: {
+            cppflags: [
+                "-Wold-style-cast",
+            ],
+        },
+    },
 }
 
 cc_defaults {
@@ -63,6 +73,7 @@
         enabled: true,
     },
     double_loadable: true,
+    export_shared_lib_headers: ["libbase"],
 
     defaults: [
         "libziparchive_defaults",
@@ -74,14 +85,6 @@
         "libz",
     ],
     target: {
-        android: {
-            shared_libs: [
-                "libutils",
-            ],
-        },
-        host: {
-            static_libs: ["libutils"],
-        },
         linux_bionic: {
             enabled: true,
         },
@@ -122,6 +125,7 @@
             enabled: true,
         },
     },
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
 }
 
 // Performance benchmarks.
@@ -158,4 +162,5 @@
         "libbase",
         "libziparchive",
     ],
+    recovery_available: true,
 }
diff --git a/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive.h b/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive.h
index 018b1a9..ab38dfd 100644
--- a/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive.h
+++ b/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive.h
@@ -14,17 +14,18 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#pragma once
+
 /*
  * Read-only access to Zip archives, with minimal heap allocation.
  */
-#ifndef LIBZIPARCHIVE_ZIPARCHIVE_H_
-#define LIBZIPARCHIVE_ZIPARCHIVE_H_
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
-#include <utils/Compat.h>
+
+#include "android-base/off64_t.h"
 
 /* Zip compression methods we support */
 enum {
@@ -103,7 +104,8 @@
   off64_t offset;
 };
 
-typedef void* ZipArchiveHandle;
+struct ZipArchive;
+typedef ZipArchive* ZipArchiveHandle;
 
 /*
  * Open a Zip archive, and sets handle to the value of the opaque
@@ -144,7 +146,7 @@
  * this handle for any further operations without an intervening
  * call to one of the OpenArchive variants.
  */
-void CloseArchive(ZipArchiveHandle handle);
+void CloseArchive(ZipArchiveHandle archive);
 
 /*
  * Find an entry in the Zip archive, by name. |entryName| must be a null
@@ -162,7 +164,7 @@
  * On non-Windows platforms this method does not modify internal state and
  * can be called concurrently.
  */
-int32_t FindEntry(const ZipArchiveHandle handle, const ZipString& entryName, ZipEntry* data);
+int32_t FindEntry(const ZipArchiveHandle archive, const ZipString& entryName, ZipEntry* data);
 
 /*
  * Start iterating over all entries of a zip file. The order of iteration
@@ -177,8 +179,8 @@
  *
  * Returns 0 on success and negative values on failure.
  */
-int32_t StartIteration(ZipArchiveHandle handle, void** cookie_ptr, const ZipString* optional_prefix,
-                       const ZipString* optional_suffix);
+int32_t StartIteration(ZipArchiveHandle archive, void** cookie_ptr,
+                       const ZipString* optional_prefix, const ZipString* optional_suffix);
 
 /*
  * Advance to the next element in the zipfile in iteration order.
@@ -203,7 +205,7 @@
  *
  * Returns 0 on success and negative values on failure.
  */
-int32_t ExtractEntryToFile(ZipArchiveHandle handle, ZipEntry* entry, int fd);
+int32_t ExtractEntryToFile(ZipArchiveHandle archive, ZipEntry* entry, int fd);
 
 /**
  * Uncompress a given zip entry to the memory region at |begin| and of
@@ -213,9 +215,9 @@
  *
  * Returns 0 on success and negative values on failure.
  */
-int32_t ExtractToMemory(ZipArchiveHandle handle, ZipEntry* entry, uint8_t* begin, uint32_t size);
+int32_t ExtractToMemory(ZipArchiveHandle archive, ZipEntry* entry, uint8_t* begin, uint32_t size);
 
-int GetFileDescriptor(const ZipArchiveHandle handle);
+int GetFileDescriptor(const ZipArchiveHandle archive);
 
 const char* ErrorCodeString(int32_t error_code);
 
@@ -226,7 +228,7 @@
  * Stream the uncompressed data through the supplied function,
  * passing cookie to it each time it gets called.
  */
-int32_t ProcessZipEntryContents(ZipArchiveHandle handle, ZipEntry* entry,
+int32_t ProcessZipEntryContents(ZipArchiveHandle archive, ZipEntry* entry,
                                 ProcessZipEntryFunction func, void* cookie);
 #endif
 
@@ -272,5 +274,3 @@
 int32_t Inflate(const Reader& reader, const uint32_t compressed_length,
                 const uint32_t uncompressed_length, Writer* writer, uint64_t* crc_out);
 }  // namespace zip_archive
-
-#endif  // LIBZIPARCHIVE_ZIPARCHIVE_H_
diff --git a/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive_stream_entry.h b/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive_stream_entry.h
index b4766f8..8c6ca79 100644
--- a/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive_stream_entry.h
+++ b/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_archive_stream_entry.h
@@ -15,12 +15,13 @@
  */
 
 // Read-only stream access to Zip archives entries.
-#ifndef LIBZIPARCHIVE_ZIPARCHIVESTREAMENTRY_H_
-#define LIBZIPARCHIVE_ZIPARCHIVESTREAMENTRY_H_
+#pragma once
+
+#include <ziparchive/zip_archive.h>
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <ziparchive/zip_archive.h>
+#include "android-base/off64_t.h"
 
 class ZipArchiveStreamEntry {
  public:
@@ -43,5 +44,3 @@
   off64_t offset_ = 0;
   uint32_t crc32_ = 0u;
 };
-
-#endif  // LIBZIPARCHIVE_ZIPARCHIVESTREAMENTRY_H_
diff --git a/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h b/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h
index c350a27..f6c8427 100644
--- a/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h
+++ b/libziparchive/include/ziparchive/zip_writer.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef LIBZIPARCHIVE_ZIPWRITER_H_
-#define LIBZIPARCHIVE_ZIPWRITER_H_
+#pragma once
 
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <ctime>
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "android-base/macros.h"
-#include "utils/Compat.h"
+#include "android-base/off64_t.h"
 
 struct z_stream_s;
 typedef struct z_stream_s z_stream;
@@ -91,10 +90,10 @@
   explicit ZipWriter(FILE* f);
 
   // Move constructor.
-  ZipWriter(ZipWriter&& zipWriter);
+  ZipWriter(ZipWriter&& zipWriter) noexcept;
 
   // Move assignment.
-  ZipWriter& operator=(ZipWriter&& zipWriter);
+  ZipWriter& operator=(ZipWriter&& zipWriter) noexcept;
 
   /**
    * Starts a new zip entry with the given path and flags.
@@ -183,5 +182,3 @@
   std::unique_ptr<z_stream, void (*)(z_stream*)> z_stream_;
   std::vector<uint8_t> buffer_;
 };
-
-#endif /* LIBZIPARCHIVE_ZIPWRITER_H_ */
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_archive.cc b/libziparchive/zip_archive.cc
index add6e14..6b9f6e1 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_archive.cc
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_archive.cc
@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "ziparchive"
 
-#include <assert.h>
+#include "ziparchive/zip_archive.h"
+
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
@@ -33,6 +34,10 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+#define lseek64 lseek
+#endif
+
 #if defined(__BIONIC__)
 #include <android/fdsan.h>
 #endif
@@ -40,12 +45,10 @@
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/macros.h>  // TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY may or may not be in unistd
+#include <android-base/mapped_file.h>
 #include <android-base/memory.h>
 #include <android-base/utf8.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
-#include <utils/Compat.h>
-#include <utils/FileMap.h>
-#include "ziparchive/zip_archive.h"
 #include "zlib.h"
 
 #include "entry_name_utils-inl.h"
@@ -58,12 +61,6 @@
 // specified in the local file header and the central directory.
 static const bool kCrcChecksEnabled = false;
 
-// This is for windows. If we don't open a file in binary mode, weird
-// things will happen.
-#ifndef O_BINARY
-#define O_BINARY 0
-#endif
-
 // The maximum number of bytes to scan backwards for the EOCD start.
 static const uint32_t kMaxEOCDSearch = kMaxCommentLen + sizeof(EocdRecord);
 
@@ -122,21 +119,36 @@
 #endif
 }
 
+static bool isZipStringEqual(const uint8_t* start, const ZipString& zip_string,
+                             const ZipStringOffset& zip_string_offset) {
+  const ZipString from_offset = zip_string_offset.GetZipString(start);
+  return from_offset == zip_string;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns offset of ZipString#name from the start of the central directory in the memory map.
+ * For valid ZipStrings contained in the zip archive mmap, 0 < offset < 0xffffff.
+ */
+static inline uint32_t GetOffset(const uint8_t* name, const uint8_t* start) {
+  CHECK_GT(name, start);
+  CHECK_LT(name, start + 0xffffff);
+  return static_cast<uint32_t>(name - start);
+}
+
 /*
  * Convert a ZipEntry to a hash table index, verifying that it's in a
  * valid range.
  */
-static int64_t EntryToIndex(const ZipString* hash_table, const uint32_t hash_table_size,
-                            const ZipString& name) {
+static int64_t EntryToIndex(const ZipStringOffset* hash_table, const uint32_t hash_table_size,
+                            const ZipString& name, const uint8_t* start) {
   const uint32_t hash = ComputeHash(name);
 
   // NOTE: (hash_table_size - 1) is guaranteed to be non-negative.
   uint32_t ent = hash & (hash_table_size - 1);
-  while (hash_table[ent].name != NULL) {
-    if (hash_table[ent] == name) {
+  while (hash_table[ent].name_offset != 0) {
+    if (isZipStringEqual(start, name, hash_table[ent])) {
       return ent;
     }
-
     ent = (ent + 1) & (hash_table_size - 1);
   }
 
@@ -147,8 +159,8 @@
 /*
  * Add a new entry to the hash table.
  */
-static int32_t AddToHash(ZipString* hash_table, const uint64_t hash_table_size,
-                         const ZipString& name) {
+static int32_t AddToHash(ZipStringOffset* hash_table, const uint64_t hash_table_size,
+                         const ZipString& name, const uint8_t* start) {
   const uint64_t hash = ComputeHash(name);
   uint32_t ent = hash & (hash_table_size - 1);
 
@@ -156,32 +168,38 @@
    * We over-allocated the table, so we're guaranteed to find an empty slot.
    * Further, we guarantee that the hashtable size is not 0.
    */
-  while (hash_table[ent].name != NULL) {
-    if (hash_table[ent] == name) {
+  while (hash_table[ent].name_offset != 0) {
+    if (isZipStringEqual(start, name, hash_table[ent])) {
       // We've found a duplicate entry. We don't accept it
       ALOGW("Zip: Found duplicate entry %.*s", name.name_length, name.name);
       return kDuplicateEntry;
     }
     ent = (ent + 1) & (hash_table_size - 1);
   }
-
-  hash_table[ent].name = name.name;
+  hash_table[ent].name_offset = GetOffset(name.name, start);
   hash_table[ent].name_length = name.name_length;
   return 0;
 }
 
+#if defined(__BIONIC__)
+uint64_t GetOwnerTag(const ZipArchive* archive) {
+  return android_fdsan_create_owner_tag(ANDROID_FDSAN_OWNER_TYPE_ZIPARCHIVE,
+                                        reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(archive));
+}
+#endif
+
 ZipArchive::ZipArchive(const int fd, bool assume_ownership)
     : mapped_zip(fd),
       close_file(assume_ownership),
       directory_offset(0),
       central_directory(),
-      directory_map(new android::FileMap()),
+      directory_map(),
       num_entries(0),
       hash_table_size(0),
       hash_table(nullptr) {
 #if defined(__BIONIC__)
   if (assume_ownership) {
-    android_fdsan_exchange_owner_tag(fd, 0, reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(this));
+    android_fdsan_exchange_owner_tag(fd, 0, GetOwnerTag(this));
   }
 #endif
 }
@@ -191,7 +209,7 @@
       close_file(false),
       directory_offset(0),
       central_directory(),
-      directory_map(new android::FileMap()),
+      directory_map(),
       num_entries(0),
       hash_table_size(0),
       hash_table(nullptr) {}
@@ -199,7 +217,7 @@
 ZipArchive::~ZipArchive() {
   if (close_file && mapped_zip.GetFileDescriptor() >= 0) {
 #if defined(__BIONIC__)
-    android_fdsan_close_with_tag(mapped_zip.GetFileDescriptor(), reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(this));
+    android_fdsan_close_with_tag(mapped_zip.GetFileDescriptor(), GetOwnerTag(this));
 #else
     close(mapped_zip.GetFileDescriptor());
 #endif
@@ -209,7 +227,8 @@
 }
 
 static int32_t MapCentralDirectory0(const char* debug_file_name, ZipArchive* archive,
-                                    off64_t file_length, off64_t read_amount, uint8_t* scan_buffer) {
+                                    off64_t file_length, off64_t read_amount,
+                                    uint8_t* scan_buffer) {
   const off64_t search_start = file_length - read_amount;
 
   if (!archive->mapped_zip.ReadAtOffset(scan_buffer, read_amount, search_start)) {
@@ -281,8 +300,7 @@
    * in archive.
    */
 
-  if (!archive->InitializeCentralDirectory(debug_file_name,
-                                           static_cast<off64_t>(eocd->cd_start_offset),
+  if (!archive->InitializeCentralDirectory(static_cast<off64_t>(eocd->cd_start_offset),
                                            static_cast<size_t>(eocd->cd_size))) {
     ALOGE("Zip: failed to intialize central directory.\n");
     return kMmapFailed;
@@ -362,7 +380,7 @@
    */
   archive->hash_table_size = RoundUpPower2(1 + (num_entries * 4) / 3);
   archive->hash_table =
-      reinterpret_cast<ZipString*>(calloc(archive->hash_table_size, sizeof(ZipString)));
+      reinterpret_cast<ZipStringOffset*>(calloc(archive->hash_table_size, sizeof(ZipStringOffset)));
   if (archive->hash_table == nullptr) {
     ALOGW("Zip: unable to allocate the %u-entry hash_table, entry size: %zu",
           archive->hash_table_size, sizeof(ZipString));
@@ -418,7 +436,8 @@
     ZipString entry_name;
     entry_name.name = file_name;
     entry_name.name_length = file_name_length;
-    const int add_result = AddToHash(archive->hash_table, archive->hash_table_size, entry_name);
+    const int add_result = AddToHash(archive->hash_table, archive->hash_table_size, entry_name,
+                                     archive->central_directory.GetBasePtr());
     if (add_result != 0) {
       ALOGW("Zip: Error adding entry to hash table %d", add_result);
       return add_result;
@@ -472,7 +491,7 @@
 }
 
 int32_t OpenArchive(const char* fileName, ZipArchiveHandle* handle) {
-  const int fd = ::android::base::utf8::open(fileName, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY, 0);
+  const int fd = ::android::base::utf8::open(fileName, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY | O_CLOEXEC, 0);
   ZipArchive* archive = new ZipArchive(fd, true);
   *handle = archive;
 
@@ -494,8 +513,7 @@
 /*
  * Close a ZipArchive, closing the file and freeing the contents.
  */
-void CloseArchive(ZipArchiveHandle handle) {
-  ZipArchive* archive = reinterpret_cast<ZipArchive*>(handle);
+void CloseArchive(ZipArchiveHandle archive) {
   ALOGV("Closing archive %p", archive);
   delete archive;
 }
@@ -538,7 +556,9 @@
   // Recover the start of the central directory entry from the filename
   // pointer.  The filename is the first entry past the fixed-size data,
   // so we can just subtract back from that.
-  const uint8_t* ptr = archive->hash_table[ent].name;
+  const ZipString from_offset =
+      archive->hash_table[ent].GetZipString(archive->central_directory.GetBasePtr());
+  const uint8_t* ptr = from_offset.name;
   ptr -= sizeof(CentralDirectoryRecord);
 
   // This is the base of our mmapped region, we have to sanity check that
@@ -648,8 +668,9 @@
       ALOGW("Zip: failed reading lfh name from offset %" PRId64, static_cast<int64_t>(name_offset));
       return kIoError;
     }
-
-    if (memcmp(archive->hash_table[ent].name, name_buf.data(), nameLen)) {
+    const ZipString from_offset =
+        archive->hash_table[ent].GetZipString(archive->central_directory.GetBasePtr());
+    if (memcmp(from_offset.name, name_buf.data(), nameLen)) {
       return kInconsistentInformation;
     }
 
@@ -719,10 +740,8 @@
   }
 };
 
-int32_t StartIteration(ZipArchiveHandle handle, void** cookie_ptr, const ZipString* optional_prefix,
-                       const ZipString* optional_suffix) {
-  ZipArchive* archive = reinterpret_cast<ZipArchive*>(handle);
-
+int32_t StartIteration(ZipArchiveHandle archive, void** cookie_ptr,
+                       const ZipString* optional_prefix, const ZipString* optional_suffix) {
   if (archive == NULL || archive->hash_table == NULL) {
     ALOGW("Zip: Invalid ZipArchiveHandle");
     return kInvalidHandle;
@@ -740,26 +759,25 @@
   delete reinterpret_cast<IterationHandle*>(cookie);
 }
 
-int32_t FindEntry(const ZipArchiveHandle handle, const ZipString& entryName, ZipEntry* data) {
-  const ZipArchive* archive = reinterpret_cast<ZipArchive*>(handle);
+int32_t FindEntry(const ZipArchiveHandle archive, const ZipString& entryName, ZipEntry* data) {
   if (entryName.name_length == 0) {
     ALOGW("Zip: Invalid filename %.*s", entryName.name_length, entryName.name);
     return kInvalidEntryName;
   }
 
-  const int64_t ent = EntryToIndex(archive->hash_table, archive->hash_table_size, entryName);
-
+  const int64_t ent = EntryToIndex(archive->hash_table, archive->hash_table_size, entryName,
+                                   archive->central_directory.GetBasePtr());
   if (ent < 0) {
     ALOGV("Zip: Could not find entry %.*s", entryName.name_length, entryName.name);
     return ent;
   }
-
   return FindEntry(archive, ent, data);
 }
 
 int32_t Next(void* cookie, ZipEntry* data, ZipString* name) {
   IterationHandle* handle = reinterpret_cast<IterationHandle*>(cookie);
   if (handle == NULL) {
+    ALOGW("Zip: Null ZipArchiveHandle");
     return kInvalidHandle;
   }
 
@@ -771,19 +789,19 @@
 
   const uint32_t currentOffset = handle->position;
   const uint32_t hash_table_length = archive->hash_table_size;
-  const ZipString* hash_table = archive->hash_table;
-
+  const ZipStringOffset* hash_table = archive->hash_table;
   for (uint32_t i = currentOffset; i < hash_table_length; ++i) {
-    if (hash_table[i].name != NULL &&
-        (handle->prefix.name_length == 0 || hash_table[i].StartsWith(handle->prefix)) &&
-        (handle->suffix.name_length == 0 || hash_table[i].EndsWith(handle->suffix))) {
+    const ZipString from_offset =
+        hash_table[i].GetZipString(archive->central_directory.GetBasePtr());
+    if (hash_table[i].name_offset != 0 &&
+        (handle->prefix.name_length == 0 || from_offset.StartsWith(handle->prefix)) &&
+        (handle->suffix.name_length == 0 || from_offset.EndsWith(handle->suffix))) {
       handle->position = (i + 1);
       const int error = FindEntry(archive, i, data);
       if (!error) {
-        name->name = hash_table[i].name;
+        name->name = from_offset.name;
         name->name_length = hash_table[i].name_length;
       }
-
       return error;
     }
   }
@@ -801,7 +819,7 @@
 
   virtual bool Append(uint8_t* buf, size_t buf_size) override {
     if (bytes_written_ + buf_size > size_) {
-      ALOGW("Zip: Unexpected size " ZD " (declared) vs " ZD " (actual)", size_,
+      ALOGW("Zip: Unexpected size %zu (declared) vs %zu (actual)", size_,
             bytes_written_ + buf_size);
       return false;
     }
@@ -877,7 +895,7 @@
     return FileWriter(fd, declared_length);
   }
 
-  FileWriter(FileWriter&& other)
+  FileWriter(FileWriter&& other) noexcept
       : fd_(other.fd_),
         declared_length_(other.declared_length_),
         total_bytes_written_(other.total_bytes_written_) {
@@ -888,7 +906,7 @@
 
   virtual bool Append(uint8_t* buf, size_t buf_size) override {
     if (total_bytes_written_ + buf_size > declared_length_) {
-      ALOGW("Zip: Unexpected size " ZD " (declared) vs " ZD " (actual)", declared_length_,
+      ALOGW("Zip: Unexpected size %zu (declared) vs %zu (actual)", declared_length_,
             total_bytes_written_ + buf_size);
       return false;
     }
@@ -897,7 +915,7 @@
     if (result) {
       total_bytes_written_ += buf_size;
     } else {
-      ALOGW("Zip: unable to write " ZD " bytes to file; %s", buf_size, strerror(errno));
+      ALOGW("Zip: unable to write %zu bytes to file; %s", buf_size, strerror(errno));
     }
 
     return result;
@@ -1026,7 +1044,7 @@
     }
   } while (zerr == Z_OK);
 
-  assert(zerr == Z_STREAM_END); /* other errors should've been caught */
+  CHECK_EQ(zerr, Z_STREAM_END); /* other errors should've been caught */
 
   // NOTE: zstream.adler is always set to 0, because we're using the -MAX_WBITS
   // "feature" of zlib to tell it there won't be a zlib file header. zlib
@@ -1090,8 +1108,7 @@
   return 0;
 }
 
-int32_t ExtractToWriter(ZipArchiveHandle handle, ZipEntry* entry, zip_archive::Writer* writer) {
-  ZipArchive* archive = reinterpret_cast<ZipArchive*>(handle);
+int32_t ExtractToWriter(ZipArchiveHandle archive, ZipEntry* entry, zip_archive::Writer* writer) {
   const uint16_t method = entry->method;
 
   // this should default to kUnknownCompressionMethod.
@@ -1119,18 +1136,18 @@
   return return_value;
 }
 
-int32_t ExtractToMemory(ZipArchiveHandle handle, ZipEntry* entry, uint8_t* begin, uint32_t size) {
+int32_t ExtractToMemory(ZipArchiveHandle archive, ZipEntry* entry, uint8_t* begin, uint32_t size) {
   MemoryWriter writer(begin, size);
-  return ExtractToWriter(handle, entry, &writer);
+  return ExtractToWriter(archive, entry, &writer);
 }
 
-int32_t ExtractEntryToFile(ZipArchiveHandle handle, ZipEntry* entry, int fd) {
+int32_t ExtractEntryToFile(ZipArchiveHandle archive, ZipEntry* entry, int fd) {
   auto writer = FileWriter::Create(fd, entry);
   if (!writer.IsValid()) {
     return kIoError;
   }
 
-  return ExtractToWriter(handle, entry, &writer);
+  return ExtractToWriter(archive, entry, &writer);
 }
 
 const char* ErrorCodeString(int32_t error_code) {
@@ -1147,8 +1164,8 @@
   return "Unknown return code";
 }
 
-int GetFileDescriptor(const ZipArchiveHandle handle) {
-  return reinterpret_cast<ZipArchive*>(handle)->mapped_zip.GetFileDescriptor();
+int GetFileDescriptor(const ZipArchiveHandle archive) {
+  return archive->mapped_zip.GetFileDescriptor();
 }
 
 ZipString::ZipString(const char* entry_name) : name(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(entry_name)) {
@@ -1172,10 +1189,10 @@
   void* cookie_;
 };
 
-int32_t ProcessZipEntryContents(ZipArchiveHandle handle, ZipEntry* entry,
+int32_t ProcessZipEntryContents(ZipArchiveHandle archive, ZipEntry* entry,
                                 ProcessZipEntryFunction func, void* cookie) {
   ProcessWriter writer(func, cookie);
-  return ExtractToWriter(handle, entry, &writer);
+  return ExtractToWriter(archive, entry, &writer);
 }
 
 #endif  //! defined(_WIN32)
@@ -1234,16 +1251,14 @@
   length_ = cd_size;
 }
 
-bool ZipArchive::InitializeCentralDirectory(const char* debug_file_name, off64_t cd_start_offset,
-                                            size_t cd_size) {
+bool ZipArchive::InitializeCentralDirectory(off64_t cd_start_offset, size_t cd_size) {
   if (mapped_zip.HasFd()) {
-    if (!directory_map->create(debug_file_name, mapped_zip.GetFileDescriptor(), cd_start_offset,
-                               cd_size, true /* read only */)) {
-      return false;
-    }
+    directory_map = android::base::MappedFile::FromFd(mapped_zip.GetFileDescriptor(),
+                                                      cd_start_offset, cd_size, PROT_READ);
+    if (!directory_map) return false;
 
-    CHECK_EQ(directory_map->getDataLength(), cd_size);
-    central_directory.Initialize(directory_map->getDataPtr(), 0 /*offset*/, cd_size);
+    CHECK_EQ(directory_map->size(), cd_size);
+    central_directory.Initialize(directory_map->data(), 0 /*offset*/, cd_size);
   } else {
     if (mapped_zip.GetBasePtr() == nullptr) {
       ALOGE("Zip: Failed to map central directory, bad mapped_zip base pointer\n");
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_archive_private.h b/libziparchive/zip_archive_private.h
index 0a73300..330a02a 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_archive_private.h
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_archive_private.h
@@ -14,8 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef LIBZIPARCHIVE_ZIPARCHIVE_PRIVATE_H_
-#define LIBZIPARCHIVE_ZIPARCHIVE_PRIVATE_H_
+#pragma once
+
+#include <ziparchive/zip_archive.h>
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -24,9 +25,8 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <utils/FileMap.h>
-#include <ziparchive/zip_archive.h>
 #include "android-base/macros.h"
+#include "android-base/mapped_file.h"
 
 static const char* kErrorMessages[] = {
     "Success",
@@ -136,6 +136,26 @@
   size_t length_;
 };
 
+/**
+ * More space efficient string representation of strings in an mmaped zipped file than
+ * std::string_view or ZipString. Using ZipString as an entry in the ZipArchive hashtable wastes
+ * space. ZipString stores a pointer to a string (on 64 bit, 8 bytes) and the length to read from
+ * that pointer, 2 bytes. Because of alignment, the structure consumes 16 bytes, wasting 6 bytes.
+ * ZipStringOffset stores a 4 byte offset from a fixed location in the memory mapped file instead
+ * of the entire address, consuming 8 bytes with alignment.
+ */
+struct ZipStringOffset {
+  uint32_t name_offset;
+  uint16_t name_length;
+
+  const ZipString GetZipString(const uint8_t* start) const {
+    ZipString zip_string;
+    zip_string.name = start + name_offset;
+    zip_string.name_length = name_length;
+    return zip_string;
+  }
+};
+
 struct ZipArchive {
   // open Zip archive
   mutable MappedZipFile mapped_zip;
@@ -144,7 +164,7 @@
   // mapped central directory area
   off64_t directory_offset;
   CentralDirectory central_directory;
-  std::unique_ptr<android::FileMap> directory_map;
+  std::unique_ptr<android::base::MappedFile> directory_map;
 
   // number of entries in the Zip archive
   uint16_t num_entries;
@@ -154,14 +174,11 @@
   // allocate so the maximum number entries can never be higher than
   // ((4 * UINT16_MAX) / 3 + 1) which can safely fit into a uint32_t.
   uint32_t hash_table_size;
-  ZipString* hash_table;
+  ZipStringOffset* hash_table;
 
   ZipArchive(const int fd, bool assume_ownership);
   ZipArchive(void* address, size_t length);
   ~ZipArchive();
 
-  bool InitializeCentralDirectory(const char* debug_file_name, off64_t cd_start_offset,
-                                  size_t cd_size);
+  bool InitializeCentralDirectory(off64_t cd_start_offset, size_t cd_size);
 };
-
-#endif  // LIBZIPARCHIVE_ZIPARCHIVE_PRIVATE_H_
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_archive_test.cc b/libziparchive/zip_archive_test.cc
index 23dd5dc..cea42d4 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_archive_test.cc
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_archive_test.cc
@@ -27,10 +27,9 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+#include <android-base/mapped_file.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <utils/FileMap.h>
 #include <ziparchive/zip_archive.h>
 #include <ziparchive/zip_archive_stream_entry.h>
 
@@ -298,7 +297,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tmp_file.fd, kEmptyEntriesZip, sizeof(kEmptyEntriesZip)));
 
   ZipArchiveHandle handle;
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "EmptyEntriesTest", &handle));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "EmptyEntriesTest", &handle, false));
 
   ZipEntry entry;
   ZipString empty_name;
@@ -323,7 +322,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tmp_file.fd, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(kAbZip),
                                         sizeof(kAbZip) - 1));
   ZipArchiveHandle handle;
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "EntryLargerThan32KTest", &handle));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "EntryLargerThan32KTest", &handle, false));
 
   ZipEntry entry;
   ZipString ab_name;
@@ -348,7 +347,7 @@
   // Read the file back to a buffer and make sure the contents are
   // the same as the memory buffer we extracted directly to.
   std::vector<uint8_t> file_contents(kAbUncompressedSize);
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek64(tmp_output_file.fd, 0, SEEK_SET));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek(tmp_output_file.fd, 0, SEEK_SET));
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFully(tmp_output_file.fd, &file_contents[0], file_contents.size()));
   ASSERT_EQ(file_contents, buffer);
 
@@ -370,7 +369,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tmp_file.fd, trailer, sizeof(trailer)));
 
   ZipArchiveHandle handle;
-  ASSERT_GT(0, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "EmptyEntriesTest", &handle));
+  ASSERT_GT(0, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "EmptyEntriesTest", &handle, false));
 }
 
 TEST(ziparchive, ExtractToFile) {
@@ -392,7 +391,7 @@
 
   // Assert that the first 8 bytes of the file haven't been clobbered.
   uint8_t read_buffer[data_size];
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek64(tmp_file.fd, 0, SEEK_SET));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek(tmp_file.fd, 0, SEEK_SET));
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFully(tmp_file.fd, read_buffer, data_size));
   ASSERT_EQ(0, memcmp(read_buffer, data, data_size));
 
@@ -404,7 +403,7 @@
 
   // Assert that the total length of the file is sane
   ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<ssize_t>(data_size + kATxtContents.size()),
-            lseek64(tmp_file.fd, 0, SEEK_END));
+            lseek(tmp_file.fd, 0, SEEK_END));
 }
 
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
@@ -416,11 +415,10 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0, fstat(fd, &sb));
 
   // Memory map the file first and open the archive from the memory region.
-  android::FileMap file_map;
-  file_map.create(zip_path.c_str(), fd, 0 /*offset*/, sb.st_size, true);
+  auto file_map{android::base::MappedFile::FromFd(fd, 0, sb.st_size, PROT_READ)};
   ZipArchiveHandle handle;
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveFromMemory(file_map.getDataPtr(), file_map.getDataLength(),
-                                     zip_path.c_str(), &handle));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0,
+            OpenArchiveFromMemory(file_map->data(), file_map->size(), zip_path.c_str(), &handle));
 
   // Assert one entry can be found and extracted correctly.
   std::string BINARY_PATH("META-INF/com/google/android/update-binary");
@@ -581,7 +579,7 @@
   ASSERT_NE(-1, tmp_file.fd);
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tmp_file.fd, &zip_data[0], zip_data.size()));
   ZipArchiveHandle handle;
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "ExtractEntryToMemory", &handle));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "ExtractEntryToMemory", &handle, false));
 
   // This function expects a variant of kDataDescriptorZipFile, for look for
   // an entry whose name is "name" and whose size is 12 (contents =
@@ -689,7 +687,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tmp_file.fd, &kZipFileWithBrokenLfhSignature[0],
                                         kZipFileWithBrokenLfhSignature.size()));
   ZipArchiveHandle handle;
-  ASSERT_EQ(-1, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "LeadingNonZipBytes", &handle));
+  ASSERT_EQ(-1, OpenArchiveFd(tmp_file.fd, "LeadingNonZipBytes", &handle, false));
 }
 
 class VectorReader : public zip_archive::Reader {
diff --git a/libziparchive/zip_writer.cc b/libziparchive/zip_writer.cc
index 6ad3366..981df3a 100644
--- a/libziparchive/zip_writer.cc
+++ b/libziparchive/zip_writer.cc
@@ -26,8 +26,6 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "android-base/logging.h"
-#include "utils/Compat.h"
-#include "utils/Log.h"
 
 #include "entry_name_utils-inl.h"
 #include "zip_archive_common.h"
@@ -97,7 +95,7 @@
   }
 }
 
-ZipWriter::ZipWriter(ZipWriter&& writer)
+ZipWriter::ZipWriter(ZipWriter&& writer) noexcept
     : file_(writer.file_),
       seekable_(writer.seekable_),
       current_offset_(writer.current_offset_),
@@ -109,7 +107,7 @@
   writer.state_ = State::kError;
 }
 
-ZipWriter& ZipWriter::operator=(ZipWriter&& writer) {
+ZipWriter& ZipWriter::operator=(ZipWriter&& writer) noexcept {
   file_ = writer.file_;
   seekable_ = writer.seekable_;
   current_offset_ = writer.current_offset_;
@@ -303,10 +301,10 @@
 
   if (zerr != Z_OK) {
     if (zerr == Z_VERSION_ERROR) {
-      ALOGE("Installed zlib is not compatible with linked version (%s)", ZLIB_VERSION);
+      LOG(ERROR) << "Installed zlib is not compatible with linked version (" << ZLIB_VERSION << ")";
       return HandleError(kZlibError);
     } else {
-      ALOGE("deflateInit2 failed (zerr=%d)", zerr);
+      LOG(ERROR) << "deflateInit2 failed (zerr=" << zerr << ")";
       return HandleError(kZlibError);
     }
   }
diff --git a/llkd/Android.bp b/llkd/Android.bp
index a6edd26..62a637d 100644
--- a/llkd/Android.bp
+++ b/llkd/Android.bp
@@ -20,6 +20,12 @@
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 
     cflags: ["-Werror"],
+
+    product_variables: {
+        debuggable: {
+            cppflags: ["-D__PTRACE_ENABLED__"],
+        },
+    },
 }
 
 cc_binary {
@@ -39,4 +45,9 @@
     cflags: ["-Werror"],
 
     init_rc: ["llkd.rc"],
+    product_variables: {
+        debuggable: {
+            init_rc: ["llkd-debuggable.rc"],
+	},
+    },
 }
diff --git a/llkd/README.md b/llkd/README.md
index 2314583..191f988 100644
--- a/llkd/README.md
+++ b/llkd/README.md
@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@
 Operations
 ----------
 
+There are two detection scenarios. Persistent D or Z state, and persistent
+stack signature.
+
 If a thread is in D or Z state with no forward progress for longer than
 ro.llk.timeout_ms, or ro.llk.[D|Z].timeout_ms, kill the process or parent
 process respectively.  If another scan shows the same process continues to
@@ -32,6 +35,27 @@
 double the expected time to flow through the mainloop.  Sampling is every
 ro.llk_sample_ms.
 
+For usedebug releases only, persistent stack signature checking is enabled.
+If a thread in any state but Z, has a persistent listed ro.llk.stack kernel
+symbol always being reported, even if there is forward scheduling progress, for
+longer than ro.llk.timeout_ms, or ro.llk.stack.timeout_ms, then issue a kill
+to the process.  If another scan shows the same process continues to exist,
+then have a confirmed live-lock condition and need to panic.  There is no
+ABA detection since forward scheduling progress is allowed, thus the condition
+for the symbols are:
+
+- Check is looking for " __symbol__+0x" or " __symbol__.cfi+0x" in
+  /proc/__pid__/stack.
+- The __symbol__ should be rare and short lived enough that on a typical
+  system the function is seen at most only once in a sample over the timeout
+  period of ro.llk.stack.timeout_ms, samples occur every ro.llk.check_ms. This
+  can be the only way to prevent a false trigger as there is no ABA protection.
+- Persistent continuously when the live lock condition exists.
+- Should be just below the function that is calling the lock that could
+  contend, because if the lock is below or in the symbol function, the
+  symbol will show in all affected processes, not just the one that
+  caused the lockup.
+
 Default will not monitor init, or [kthreadd] and all that [kthreadd] spawns.
 This reduces the effectiveness of llkd by limiting its coverage.  If there is
 value in covering [kthreadd] spawned threads, the requirement will be that
@@ -40,7 +64,9 @@
 coding hygiene, a common request to add such to publicly reviewed kernel.org
 maintained drivers).  For instance use wait_event_interruptible() instead of
 wait_event().  The blacklists can be adjusted accordingly if these
-conditions are met to cover kernel components.
+conditions are met to cover kernel components.  For the stack symbol checking,
+there is an additional process blacklist so that we do not incide sepolicy
+violations on services that block ptrace operations.
 
 An accompanying gTest set have been added, and will setup a persistent D or Z
 process, with and without forward progress, but not in a live-lock state
@@ -60,10 +86,23 @@
 Android Properties
 ------------------
 
-Android Properties llkd respond to (*prop*_ms parms are in milliseconds):
+The following are the Android Properties llkd respond to.
+*prop*_ms named properties are in milliseconds.
+Properties that use comma (*,*) separator for lists, use a leading separator to
+preserve default and add or subtract entries with (*optional*) plus (*+*) and
+minus (*-*) prefixes respectively.
+For these lists, the string "*false*" is synonymous with an *empty* list,
+and *blank* or *missing* resorts to the specified *default* value.
 
 #### ro.config.low_ram
-default false, if true do not sysrq t (dump all threads).
+device is configured with limited memory.
+
+#### ro.debuggable
+device is configured for userdebug or eng build.
+
+#### ro.llk.sysrq_t
+default not ro.config.low_ram, or ro.debuggable if property is "eng".
+if true do sysrq t (dump all threads).
 
 #### ro.llk.enable
 default false, allow live-lock daemon to be enabled.
@@ -93,30 +132,59 @@
 #### ro.llk.Z.timeout_ms
 default ro.llk.timeout_ms, Z maximum timelimit.
 
+#### ro.llk.stack.timeout_ms
+default ro.llk.timeout_ms,
+checking for persistent stack symbols maximum timelimit.
+Only active on userdebug or eng builds.
+
 #### ro.llk.check_ms
 default 2 minutes samples of threads for D or Z.
 
+#### ro.llk.stack
+default cma_alloc,__get_user_pages,bit_wait_io,wait_on_page_bit_killable
+comma separated list of kernel symbols.
+Look for kernel stack symbols that if ever persistently present can
+indicate a subsystem is locked up.
+Beware, check does not on purpose do forward scheduling ABA except by polling
+every ro.llk_check_ms over the period ro.llk.stack.timeout_ms, so stack symbol
+should be exceptionally rare and fleeting.
+One must be convinced that it is virtually *impossible* for symbol to show up
+persistently in all samples of the stack.
+Again, looks for a match for either " **symbol**+0x" or " **symbol**.cfi+0x"
+in stack expansion.
+Only available on userdebug or eng builds, limited privileges due to security
+concerns on user builds prevents this checking.
+
 #### ro.llk.blacklist.process
 default 0,1,2 (kernel, init and [kthreadd]) plus process names
-init,[kthreadd],[khungtaskd],lmkd,lmkd.llkd,llkd,watchdogd,
+init,[kthreadd],[khungtaskd],lmkd,llkd,watchdogd,
 [watchdogd],[watchdogd/0],...,[watchdogd/***get_nprocs**-1*].
-The string false is the equivalent to an empty list.
 Do not watch these processes.  A process can be comm, cmdline or pid reference.
 NB: automated default here can be larger than the current maximum property
 size of 92.
 NB: false is a very very very unlikely process to want to blacklist.
 
 #### ro.llk.blacklist.parent
-default 0,2 (kernel and [kthreadd]).
-The string false is the equivalent to an empty list.
+default 0,2,adbd&[setsid] (kernel, [kthreadd] and adbd *only for zombie setsid*).
 Do not watch processes that have this parent.
-A parent process can be comm, cmdline or pid reference.
+An ampersand (*&*) separator is used to specify that the parent is ignored
+only in combination with the target child process.
+Ampersand was selected because it is never part of a process name,
+however a setprop in the shell requires it to be escaped or quoted;
+init rc file where this is normally specified does not have this issue.
+A parent or target processes can be specified as comm, cmdline or pid reference.
 
 #### ro.llk.blacklist.uid
 default *empty* or false, comma separated list of uid numbers or names.
-The string false is the equivalent to an empty list.
 Do not watch processes that match this uid.
 
+#### ro.llk.blacklist.process.stack
+default process names init,lmkd.llkd,llkd,keystore,ueventd,apexd,logd.
+This subset of processes are not monitored for live lock stack signatures.
+Also prevents the sepolicy violation associated with processes that block
+ptrace, as these can not be checked anyways.
+Only active on userdebug and eng builds.
+
 Architectural Concerns
 ----------------------
 
diff --git a/llkd/include/llkd.h b/llkd/include/llkd.h
index e3ae4bb..3586ca1 100644
--- a/llkd/include/llkd.h
+++ b/llkd/include/llkd.h
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
 #define LLK_ENABLE_DEFAULT             false /* "eng" and userdebug true */
 #define KHT_ENABLE_WRITEABLE_PROPERTY  "khungtask.enable"
 #define KHT_ENABLE_PROPERTY            "ro." KHT_ENABLE_WRITEABLE_PROPERTY
+#define LLK_ENABLE_SYSRQ_T_PROPERTY    "ro.llk.sysrq_t"
+#define LLK_ENABLE_SYSRQ_T_DEFAULT     true
 #define LLK_MLOCKALL_PROPERTY          "ro.llk.mlockall"
 #define LLK_MLOCKALL_DEFAULT           true
 #define LLK_KILLTEST_PROPERTY          "ro.llk.killtest"
@@ -43,16 +45,22 @@
 #define KHT_TIMEOUT_PROPERTY           "ro.khungtask.timeout"
 #define LLK_D_TIMEOUT_MS_PROPERTY      "ro.llk.D.timeout_ms"
 #define LLK_Z_TIMEOUT_MS_PROPERTY      "ro.llk.Z.timeout_ms"
+#define LLK_STACK_TIMEOUT_MS_PROPERTY  "ro.llk.stack.timeout_ms"
 #define LLK_CHECK_MS_PROPERTY          "ro.llk.check_ms"
 /* LLK_CHECK_MS_DEFAULT = actual timeout_ms / LLK_CHECKS_PER_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT */
 #define LLK_CHECKS_PER_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT 5
+#define LLK_CHECK_STACK_PROPERTY       "ro.llk.stack"
+#define LLK_CHECK_STACK_DEFAULT        \
+    "cma_alloc,__get_user_pages,bit_wait_io,wait_on_page_bit_killable"
 #define LLK_BLACKLIST_PROCESS_PROPERTY "ro.llk.blacklist.process"
 #define LLK_BLACKLIST_PROCESS_DEFAULT  \
-    "0,1,2,init,[kthreadd],[khungtaskd],lmkd,lmkd.llkd,llkd,watchdogd,[watchdogd],[watchdogd/0]"
+    "0,1,2,init,[kthreadd],[khungtaskd],lmkd,llkd,watchdogd,[watchdogd],[watchdogd/0]"
 #define LLK_BLACKLIST_PARENT_PROPERTY  "ro.llk.blacklist.parent"
-#define LLK_BLACKLIST_PARENT_DEFAULT   "0,2,[kthreadd]"
+#define LLK_BLACKLIST_PARENT_DEFAULT   "0,2,[kthreadd],adbd&[setsid]"
 #define LLK_BLACKLIST_UID_PROPERTY     "ro.llk.blacklist.uid"
 #define LLK_BLACKLIST_UID_DEFAULT      ""
+#define LLK_BLACKLIST_STACK_PROPERTY   "ro.llk.blacklist.process.stack"
+#define LLK_BLACKLIST_STACK_DEFAULT    "init,lmkd.llkd,llkd,keystore,ueventd,apexd"
 /* clang-format on */
 
 __END_DECLS
diff --git a/llkd/libllkd.cpp b/llkd/libllkd.cpp
index bb55d1f..b26ad4d 100644
--- a/llkd/libllkd.cpp
+++ b/llkd/libllkd.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <pwd.h>  // getpwuid()
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>  // ___STRING, __predict_true() and _predict_false()
 #include <sys/mman.h>   // mlockall()
 #include <sys/prctl.h>
@@ -73,16 +74,28 @@
 bool llkMlockall = LLK_MLOCKALL_DEFAULT;             // run mlocked
 bool llkTestWithKill = LLK_KILLTEST_DEFAULT;         // issue test kills
 milliseconds llkTimeoutMs = LLK_TIMEOUT_MS_DEFAULT;  // default timeout
-enum { llkStateD, llkStateZ, llkNumStates };         // state indexes
+enum {                                               // enum of state indexes
+    llkStateD,                                       // Persistent 'D' state
+    llkStateZ,                                       // Persistent 'Z' state
+#ifdef __PTRACE_ENABLED__                            // Extra privileged states
+    llkStateStack,                                   // stack signature
+#endif                                               // End of extra privilege
+    llkNumStates,                                    // Maxumum number of states
+};                                                   // state indexes
 milliseconds llkStateTimeoutMs[llkNumStates];        // timeout override for each detection state
 milliseconds llkCheckMs;                             // checking interval to inspect any
                                                      // persistent live-locked states
 bool llkLowRam;                                      // ro.config.low_ram
+bool llkEnableSysrqT = LLK_ENABLE_SYSRQ_T_DEFAULT;   // sysrq stack trace dump
 bool khtEnable = LLK_ENABLE_DEFAULT;                 // [khungtaskd] panic
 // [khungtaskd] should have a timeout beyond the granularity of llkTimeoutMs.
 // Provides a wide angle of margin b/c khtTimeout is also its granularity.
 seconds khtTimeout = duration_cast<seconds>(llkTimeoutMs * (1 + LLK_CHECKS_PER_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) /
                                             LLK_CHECKS_PER_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT);
+#ifdef __PTRACE_ENABLED__
+// list of stack symbols to search for persistence.
+std::unordered_set<std::string> llkCheckStackSymbols;
+#endif
 
 // Blacklist variables, initialized with comma separated lists of high false
 // positive and/or dangerous references, e.g. without self restart, for pid,
@@ -95,8 +108,16 @@
 // list of parent pids, comm or cmdline names to skip. default:
 // kernel pid (0), [kthreadd] (2), or ourselves, enforced and implied
 std::unordered_set<std::string> llkBlacklistParent;
+// list of parent and target processes to skip. default:
+// adbd *and* [setsid]
+std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unordered_set<std::string>> llkBlacklistParentAndChild;
 // list of uids, and uid names, to skip, default nothing
 std::unordered_set<std::string> llkBlacklistUid;
+#ifdef __PTRACE_ENABLED__
+// list of names to skip stack checking. "init", "lmkd", "llkd", "keystore" or
+// "logd" (if not userdebug).
+std::unordered_set<std::string> llkBlacklistStack;
+#endif
 
 class dir {
   public:
@@ -249,7 +270,7 @@
     }
     content.erase(pos);
     uid_t ret;
-    if (!android::base::ParseInt(content, &ret, uid_t(0))) {
+    if (!android::base::ParseUint(content, &ret, uid_t(0))) {
         return -1;
     }
     return ret;
@@ -263,6 +284,9 @@
                                    // forward scheduling progress.
     milliseconds update;           // llkUpdate millisecond signature of last.
     milliseconds count;            // duration in state.
+#ifdef __PTRACE_ENABLED__          // Privileged state checking
+    milliseconds count_stack;      // duration where stack is stagnant.
+#endif                             // End privilege
     pid_t pid;                     // /proc/<pid> before iterating through
                                    // /proc/<pid>/task/<tid> for threads.
     pid_t ppid;                    // /proc/<tid>/stat field 4 parent pid.
@@ -272,6 +296,9 @@
     std::string cmdline;           // cached /cmdline content
     char state;                    // /proc/<tid>/stat field 3: Z or D
                                    // (others we do not monitor: S, R, T or ?)
+#ifdef __PTRACE_ENABLED__          // Privileged state checking
+    char stack;                    // index in llkCheckStackSymbols for matches
+#endif                             // and with maximum index PROP_VALUE_MAX/2.
     char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN + 3];  // space for adding '[' and ']'
     bool exeMissingValid;          // exeMissing has been cached
     bool cmdlineValid;             // cmdline has been cached
@@ -286,11 +313,17 @@
           nrSwitches(0),
           update(llkUpdate),
           count(0ms),
+#ifdef __PTRACE_ENABLED__
+          count_stack(0ms),
+#endif
           pid(pid),
           ppid(ppid),
           uid(-1),
           time(time),
           state(state),
+#ifdef __PTRACE_ENABLED__
+          stack(-1),
+#endif
           exeMissingValid(false),
           cmdlineValid(false),
           updated(true),
@@ -343,6 +376,10 @@
     void reset(void) {  // reset cache, if we detected pid rollover
         uid = -1;
         state = '?';
+#ifdef __PTRACE_ENABLED__
+        count_stack = 0ms;
+        stack = -1;
+#endif
         cmdline = "";
         comm[0] = '\0';
         exeMissingValid = false;
@@ -477,8 +514,8 @@
     return android::base::Trim(content) == string;
 }
 
-void llkPanicKernel(bool dump, pid_t tid, const char* state) __noreturn;
-void llkPanicKernel(bool dump, pid_t tid, const char* state) {
+void llkPanicKernel(bool dump, pid_t tid, const char* state, const std::string& message = "") {
+    if (!message.empty()) LOG(ERROR) << message;
     auto sysrqTriggerFd = llkFileToWriteFd("/proc/sysrq-trigger");
     if (sysrqTriggerFd < 0) {
         // DYB
@@ -486,19 +523,37 @@
         // The answer to life, the universe and everything
         ::exit(42);
         // NOTREACHED
+        return;
     }
-    ::sync();
+    // Wish could ::sync() here, if storage is locked up, we will not continue.
     if (dump) {
         // Show all locks that are held
         android::base::WriteStringToFd("d", sysrqTriggerFd);
+        // Show all waiting tasks
+        android::base::WriteStringToFd("w", sysrqTriggerFd);
         // This can trigger hardware watchdog, that is somewhat _ok_.
         // But useless if pstore configured for <256KB, low ram devices ...
-        if (!llkLowRam) {
+        if (llkEnableSysrqT) {
             android::base::WriteStringToFd("t", sysrqTriggerFd);
+            // Show all locks that are held (in case 't' overflows ramoops)
+            android::base::WriteStringToFd("d", sysrqTriggerFd);
+            // Show all waiting tasks (in case 't' overflows ramoops)
+            android::base::WriteStringToFd("w", sysrqTriggerFd);
         }
         ::usleep(200000);  // let everything settle
     }
-    llkWriteStringToFile("SysRq : Trigger a crash : 'livelock,"s + state + "'\n", "/dev/kmsg");
+    // SysRq message matches kernel format, and propagates through bootstat
+    // ultimately to the boot reason into panic,livelock,<state>.
+    llkWriteStringToFile(message + (message.empty() ? "" : "\n") +
+                                 "SysRq : Trigger a crash : 'livelock,"s + state + "'\n",
+                         "/dev/kmsg");
+    // Because panic is such a serious thing to do, let us
+    // make sure that the tid being inspected still exists!
+    auto piddir = procdir + std::to_string(tid) + "/stat";
+    if (access(piddir.c_str(), F_OK) != 0) {
+        PLOG(WARNING) << piddir;
+        return;
+    }
     android::base::WriteStringToFd("c", sysrqTriggerFd);
     // NOTREACHED
     // DYB
@@ -510,7 +565,9 @@
 }
 
 void llkAlarmHandler(int) {
-    llkPanicKernel(false, ::getpid(), "alarm");
+    LOG(FATAL) << "alarm";
+    // NOTREACHED
+    llkPanicKernel(true, ::getpid(), "alarm");
 }
 
 milliseconds GetUintProperty(const std::string& key, milliseconds def) {
@@ -563,18 +620,38 @@
 
 std::string llkFormat(const std::unordered_set<std::string>& blacklist) {
     std::string ret;
-    for (auto entry : blacklist) {
-        if (ret.size()) {
-            ret += ",";
-        }
+    for (const auto& entry : blacklist) {
+        if (!ret.empty()) ret += ",";
         ret += entry;
     }
     return ret;
 }
 
+std::string llkFormat(
+        const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unordered_set<std::string>>& blacklist,
+        bool leading_comma = false) {
+    std::string ret;
+    for (const auto& entry : blacklist) {
+        for (const auto& target : entry.second) {
+            if (leading_comma || !ret.empty()) ret += ",";
+            ret += entry.first + "&" + target;
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+// This function parses the properties as a list, incorporating the supplied
+// default.  A leading comma separator means preserve the defaults and add
+// entries (with an optional leading + sign), or removes entries with a leading
+// - sign.
+//
 // We only officially support comma separators, but wetware being what they
 // are will take some liberty and I do not believe they should be punished.
-std::unordered_set<std::string> llkSplit(const std::string& s) {
+std::unordered_set<std::string> llkSplit(const std::string& prop, const std::string& def) {
+    auto s = android::base::GetProperty(prop, def);
+    constexpr char separators[] = ", \t:;";
+    if (!s.empty() && (s != def) && strchr(separators, s[0])) s = def + s;
+
     std::unordered_set<std::string> result;
 
     // Special case, allow boolean false to empty the list, otherwise expected
@@ -584,9 +661,29 @@
 
     size_t base = 0;
     while (s.size() > base) {
-        auto found = s.find_first_of(", \t:", base);
-        // Only emplace content, empty entries are not an option
-        if (found != base) result.emplace(s.substr(base, found - base));
+        auto found = s.find_first_of(separators, base);
+        // Only emplace unique content, empty entries are not an option
+        if (found != base) {
+            switch (s[base]) {
+                case '-':
+                    ++base;
+                    if (base >= s.size()) break;
+                    if (base != found) {
+                        auto have = result.find(s.substr(base, found - base));
+                        if (have != result.end()) result.erase(have);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case '+':
+                    ++base;
+                    if (base >= s.size()) break;
+                    if (base == found) break;
+                    // FALLTHRU (for gcc, lint, pcc, etc; following for clang)
+                    FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
+                default:
+                    result.emplace(s.substr(base, found - base));
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
         if (found == s.npos) break;
         base = found + 1;
     }
@@ -595,13 +692,42 @@
 
 bool llkSkipName(const std::string& name,
                  const std::unordered_set<std::string>& blacklist = llkBlacklistProcess) {
-    if ((name.size() == 0) || (blacklist.size() == 0)) {
-        return false;
-    }
+    if (name.empty() || blacklist.empty()) return false;
 
     return blacklist.find(name) != blacklist.end();
 }
 
+bool llkSkipProc(proc* procp,
+                 const std::unordered_set<std::string>& blacklist = llkBlacklistProcess) {
+    if (!procp) return false;
+    if (llkSkipName(std::to_string(procp->pid), blacklist)) return true;
+    if (llkSkipName(procp->getComm(), blacklist)) return true;
+    if (llkSkipName(procp->getCmdline(), blacklist)) return true;
+    if (llkSkipName(android::base::Basename(procp->getCmdline()), blacklist)) return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+const std::unordered_set<std::string>& llkSkipName(
+        const std::string& name,
+        const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unordered_set<std::string>>& blacklist) {
+    static const std::unordered_set<std::string> empty;
+    if (name.empty() || blacklist.empty()) return empty;
+    auto found = blacklist.find(name);
+    if (found == blacklist.end()) return empty;
+    return found->second;
+}
+
+bool llkSkipPproc(proc* pprocp, proc* procp,
+                  const std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unordered_set<std::string>>&
+                          blacklist = llkBlacklistParentAndChild) {
+    if (!pprocp || !procp || blacklist.empty()) return false;
+    if (llkSkipProc(procp, llkSkipName(std::to_string(pprocp->pid), blacklist))) return true;
+    if (llkSkipProc(procp, llkSkipName(pprocp->getComm(), blacklist))) return true;
+    if (llkSkipProc(procp, llkSkipName(pprocp->getCmdline(), blacklist))) return true;
+    return llkSkipProc(procp,
+                       llkSkipName(android::base::Basename(pprocp->getCmdline()), blacklist));
+}
+
 bool llkSkipPid(pid_t pid) {
     return llkSkipName(std::to_string(pid), llkBlacklistProcess);
 }
@@ -667,6 +793,50 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
+#ifdef __PTRACE_ENABLED__
+bool llkCheckStack(proc* procp, const std::string& piddir) {
+    if (llkCheckStackSymbols.empty()) return false;
+    if (procp->state == 'Z') {  // No brains for Zombies
+        procp->stack = -1;
+        procp->count_stack = 0ms;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Don't check process that are known to block ptrace, save sepolicy noise.
+    if (llkSkipProc(procp, llkBlacklistStack)) return false;
+    auto kernel_stack = ReadFile(piddir + "/stack");
+    if (kernel_stack.empty()) {
+        LOG(VERBOSE) << piddir << "/stack empty comm=" << procp->getComm()
+                     << " cmdline=" << procp->getCmdline();
+        return false;
+    }
+    // A scheduling incident that should not reset count_stack
+    if (kernel_stack.find(" cpu_worker_pools+0x") != std::string::npos) return false;
+    char idx = -1;
+    char match = -1;
+    std::string matched_stack_symbol = "<unknown>";
+    for (const auto& stack : llkCheckStackSymbols) {
+        if (++idx < 0) break;
+        if ((kernel_stack.find(" "s + stack + "+0x") != std::string::npos) ||
+            (kernel_stack.find(" "s + stack + ".cfi+0x") != std::string::npos)) {
+            match = idx;
+            matched_stack_symbol = stack;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (procp->stack != match) {
+        procp->stack = match;
+        procp->count_stack = 0ms;
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (match == char(-1)) return false;
+    procp->count_stack += llkCycle;
+    if (procp->count_stack < llkStateTimeoutMs[llkStateStack]) return false;
+    LOG(WARNING) << "Found " << matched_stack_symbol << " in stack for pid " << procp->pid;
+    return true;
+}
+#endif
+
 // Primary ABA mitigation watching last time schedule activity happened
 void llkCheckSchedUpdate(proc* procp, const std::string& piddir) {
     // Audit finds /proc/<tid>/sched is just over 1K, and
@@ -679,12 +849,12 @@
     // but if there are problems we assume at least a few
     // samples of reads occur before we take any real action.
     std::string schedString = ReadFile(piddir + "/sched");
-    if (schedString.size() == 0) {
+    if (schedString.empty()) {
         // /schedstat is not as standardized, but in 3.1+
         // Android devices, the third field is nr_switches
         // from /sched:
         schedString = ReadFile(piddir + "/schedstat");
-        if (schedString.size() == 0) {
+        if (schedString.empty()) {
             return;
         }
         auto val = static_cast<unsigned long long>(-1);
@@ -723,6 +893,7 @@
 
 void llkLogConfig(void) {
     LOG(INFO) << "ro.config.low_ram=" << llkFormat(llkLowRam) << "\n"
+              << LLK_ENABLE_SYSRQ_T_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(llkEnableSysrqT) << "\n"
               << LLK_ENABLE_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(llkEnable) << "\n"
               << KHT_ENABLE_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(khtEnable) << "\n"
               << LLK_MLOCKALL_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(llkMlockall) << "\n"
@@ -731,9 +902,18 @@
               << LLK_TIMEOUT_MS_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(llkTimeoutMs) << "\n"
               << LLK_D_TIMEOUT_MS_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(llkStateTimeoutMs[llkStateD]) << "\n"
               << LLK_Z_TIMEOUT_MS_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(llkStateTimeoutMs[llkStateZ]) << "\n"
+#ifdef __PTRACE_ENABLED__
+              << LLK_STACK_TIMEOUT_MS_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(llkStateTimeoutMs[llkStateStack])
+              << "\n"
+#endif
               << LLK_CHECK_MS_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(llkCheckMs) << "\n"
+#ifdef __PTRACE_ENABLED__
+              << LLK_CHECK_STACK_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(llkCheckStackSymbols) << "\n"
+              << LLK_BLACKLIST_STACK_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(llkBlacklistStack) << "\n"
+#endif
               << LLK_BLACKLIST_PROCESS_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(llkBlacklistProcess) << "\n"
-              << LLK_BLACKLIST_PARENT_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(llkBlacklistParent) << "\n"
+              << LLK_BLACKLIST_PARENT_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(llkBlacklistParent)
+              << llkFormat(llkBlacklistParentAndChild, true) << "\n"
               << LLK_BLACKLIST_UID_PROPERTY "=" << llkFormat(llkBlacklistUid);
 }
 
@@ -809,6 +989,7 @@
     ms -= llkCycle;
     auto myPid = ::getpid();
     auto myTid = ::gettid();
+    auto dump = true;
     for (auto dp = llkTopDirectory.read(); dp != nullptr; dp = llkTopDirectory.read()) {
         std::string piddir;
 
@@ -832,7 +1013,7 @@
 
             // Get the process stat
             std::string stat = ReadFile(piddir + "/stat");
-            if (stat.size() == 0) {
+            if (stat.empty()) {
                 continue;
             }
             unsigned tid = -1;
@@ -892,9 +1073,14 @@
             if (pid == myPid) {
                 break;
             }
-            if (!llkIsMonitorState(state)) {
+#ifdef __PTRACE_ENABLED__
+            // if no stack monitoring, we can quickly exit here
+            if (!llkIsMonitorState(state) && llkCheckStackSymbols.empty()) {
                 continue;
             }
+#else
+            if (!llkIsMonitorState(state)) continue;
+#endif
             if ((tid == myTid) || llkSkipPid(tid)) {
                 continue;
             }
@@ -902,20 +1088,26 @@
                 break;
             }
 
-            if (llkSkipName(procp->getComm())) {
+            auto process_comm = procp->getComm();
+            if (llkSkipName(process_comm)) {
                 continue;
             }
             if (llkSkipName(procp->getCmdline())) {
                 break;
             }
+            if (llkSkipName(android::base::Basename(procp->getCmdline()))) {
+                break;
+            }
 
             auto pprocp = llkTidLookup(ppid);
             if (pprocp == nullptr) {
                 pprocp = llkTidAlloc(ppid, ppid, 0, "", 0, '?');
             }
-            if ((pprocp != nullptr) && (llkSkipName(pprocp->getComm(), llkBlacklistParent) ||
-                                        llkSkipName(pprocp->getCmdline(), llkBlacklistParent))) {
-                break;
+            if (pprocp) {
+                if (llkSkipPproc(pprocp, procp)) break;
+                if (llkSkipProc(pprocp, llkBlacklistParent)) break;
+            } else {
+                if (llkSkipName(std::to_string(ppid), llkBlacklistParent)) break;
             }
 
             if ((llkBlacklistUid.size() != 0) && llkSkipUid(procp->getUid())) {
@@ -925,12 +1117,26 @@
             // ABA mitigation watching last time schedule activity happened
             llkCheckSchedUpdate(procp, piddir);
 
-            // Can only fall through to here if registered D or Z state !!!
-            if (procp->count < llkStateTimeoutMs[(state == 'Z') ? llkStateZ : llkStateD]) {
-                LOG(VERBOSE) << state << ' ' << llkFormat(procp->count) << ' ' << ppid << "->"
-                             << pid << "->" << tid << ' ' << procp->getComm();
+#ifdef __PTRACE_ENABLED__
+            auto stuck = llkCheckStack(procp, piddir);
+            if (llkIsMonitorState(state)) {
+                if (procp->count >= llkStateTimeoutMs[(state == 'Z') ? llkStateZ : llkStateD]) {
+                    stuck = true;
+                } else if (procp->count != 0ms) {
+                    LOG(VERBOSE) << state << ' ' << llkFormat(procp->count) << ' ' << ppid << "->"
+                                 << pid << "->" << tid << ' ' << process_comm;
+                }
+            }
+            if (!stuck) continue;
+#else
+            if (procp->count >= llkStateTimeoutMs[(state == 'Z') ? llkStateZ : llkStateD]) {
+                if (procp->count != 0ms) {
+                    LOG(VERBOSE) << state << ' ' << llkFormat(procp->count) << ' ' << ppid << "->"
+                                 << pid << "->" << tid << ' ' << process_comm;
+                }
                 continue;
             }
+#endif
 
             // We have to kill it to determine difference between live lock
             // and persistent state blocked on a resource.  Is there something
@@ -954,7 +1160,7 @@
                             break;
                         }
                         LOG(WARNING) << "Z " << llkFormat(procp->count) << ' ' << ppid << "->"
-                                     << pid << "->" << tid << ' ' << procp->getComm() << " [kill]";
+                                     << pid << "->" << tid << ' ' << process_comm << " [kill]";
                         if ((llkKillOneProcess(pprocp, procp) >= 0) ||
                             (llkKillOneProcess(ppid, procp) >= 0)) {
                             continue;
@@ -969,21 +1175,26 @@
                         // not working is we kill a process that likes to
                         // stay in 'D' state, instead of panicing the
                         // kernel (worse).
-                        LOG(WARNING) << "D " << llkFormat(procp->count) << ' ' << pid << "->" << tid
-                                     << ' ' << procp->getComm() << " [kill]";
+                    default:
+                        LOG(WARNING) << state << ' ' << llkFormat(procp->count) << ' ' << pid
+                                     << "->" << tid << ' ' << process_comm << " [kill]";
                         if ((llkKillOneProcess(llkTidLookup(pid), procp) >= 0) ||
-                            (llkKillOneProcess(pid, 'D', tid) >= 0) ||
+                            (llkKillOneProcess(pid, state, tid) >= 0) ||
                             (llkKillOneProcess(procp, procp) >= 0) ||
-                            (llkKillOneProcess(tid, 'D', tid) >= 0)) {
+                            (llkKillOneProcess(tid, state, tid) >= 0)) {
                             continue;
                         }
                         break;
                 }
             }
             // We are here because we have confirmed kernel live-lock
-            LOG(ERROR) << state << ' ' << llkFormat(procp->count) << ' ' << ppid << "->" << pid
-                       << "->" << tid << ' ' << procp->getComm() << " [panic]";
-            llkPanicKernel(true, tid, (state == 'Z') ? "zombie" : "driver");
+            const auto message = state + " "s + llkFormat(procp->count) + " " +
+                                 std::to_string(ppid) + "->" + std::to_string(pid) + "->" +
+                                 std::to_string(tid) + " " + process_comm + " [panic]";
+            llkPanicKernel(dump, tid,
+                           (state == 'Z') ? "zombie" : (state == 'D') ? "driver" : "sleeping",
+                           message);
+            dump = false;
         }
         LOG(VERBOSE) << "+closedir()";
     }
@@ -995,21 +1206,15 @@
         if (!p->second.updated) {
             IF_ALOG(LOG_VERBOSE, LOG_TAG) {
                 std::string ppidCmdline = llkProcGetName(p->second.ppid, nullptr, nullptr);
-                if (ppidCmdline.size()) {
-                    ppidCmdline = "(" + ppidCmdline + ")";
-                }
+                if (!ppidCmdline.empty()) ppidCmdline = "(" + ppidCmdline + ")";
                 std::string pidCmdline;
                 if (p->second.pid != p->second.tid) {
                     pidCmdline = llkProcGetName(p->second.pid, nullptr, p->second.getCmdline());
-                    if (pidCmdline.size()) {
-                        pidCmdline = "(" + pidCmdline + ")";
-                    }
+                    if (!pidCmdline.empty()) pidCmdline = "(" + pidCmdline + ")";
                 }
                 std::string tidCmdline =
                     llkProcGetName(p->second.tid, p->second.getComm(), p->second.getCmdline());
-                if (tidCmdline.size()) {
-                    tidCmdline = "(" + tidCmdline + ")";
-                }
+                if (!tidCmdline.empty()) tidCmdline = "(" + tidCmdline + ")";
                 LOG(VERBOSE) << "thread " << p->second.ppid << ppidCmdline << "->" << p->second.pid
                              << pidCmdline << "->" << p->second.tid << tidCmdline << " removed";
             }
@@ -1040,12 +1245,22 @@
     return duration_cast<milliseconds>(llkCheck()).count();
 }
 
+bool llkCheckEng(const std::string& property) {
+    return android::base::GetProperty(property, "eng") == "eng";
+}
+
 bool llkInit(const char* threadname) {
+    auto debuggable = android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.debuggable", false);
     llkLowRam = android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.config.low_ram", false);
-    if (!LLK_ENABLE_DEFAULT && android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.debuggable", false)) {
-        llkEnable = android::base::GetProperty(LLK_ENABLE_PROPERTY, "eng") == "eng";
-        khtEnable = android::base::GetProperty(KHT_ENABLE_PROPERTY, "eng") == "eng";
+    llkEnableSysrqT &= !llkLowRam;
+    if (debuggable) {
+        llkEnableSysrqT |= llkCheckEng(LLK_ENABLE_SYSRQ_T_PROPERTY);
+        if (!LLK_ENABLE_DEFAULT) {  // NB: default is currently true ...
+            llkEnable |= llkCheckEng(LLK_ENABLE_PROPERTY);
+            khtEnable |= llkCheckEng(KHT_ENABLE_PROPERTY);
+        }
     }
+    llkEnableSysrqT = android::base::GetBoolProperty(LLK_ENABLE_SYSRQ_T_PROPERTY, llkEnableSysrqT);
     llkEnable = android::base::GetBoolProperty(LLK_ENABLE_PROPERTY, llkEnable);
     if (llkEnable && !llkTopDirectory.reset(procdir)) {
         // Most likely reason we could be here is llkd was started
@@ -1069,8 +1284,19 @@
     llkValidate();  // validate llkTimeoutMs, llkCheckMs and llkCycle
     llkStateTimeoutMs[llkStateD] = GetUintProperty(LLK_D_TIMEOUT_MS_PROPERTY, llkTimeoutMs);
     llkStateTimeoutMs[llkStateZ] = GetUintProperty(LLK_Z_TIMEOUT_MS_PROPERTY, llkTimeoutMs);
+#ifdef __PTRACE_ENABLED__
+    llkStateTimeoutMs[llkStateStack] = GetUintProperty(LLK_STACK_TIMEOUT_MS_PROPERTY, llkTimeoutMs);
+#endif
     llkCheckMs = GetUintProperty(LLK_CHECK_MS_PROPERTY, llkCheckMs);
     llkValidate();  // validate all (effectively minus llkTimeoutMs)
+#ifdef __PTRACE_ENABLED__
+    if (debuggable) {
+        llkCheckStackSymbols = llkSplit(LLK_CHECK_STACK_PROPERTY, LLK_CHECK_STACK_DEFAULT);
+    }
+    std::string defaultBlacklistStack(LLK_BLACKLIST_STACK_DEFAULT);
+    if (!debuggable) defaultBlacklistStack += ",logd,/system/bin/logd";
+    llkBlacklistStack = llkSplit(LLK_BLACKLIST_STACK_PROPERTY, defaultBlacklistStack);
+#endif
     std::string defaultBlacklistProcess(
         std::to_string(kernelPid) + "," + std::to_string(initPid) + "," +
         std::to_string(kthreaddPid) + "," + std::to_string(::getpid()) + "," +
@@ -1081,17 +1307,34 @@
     for (int cpu = 1; cpu < get_nprocs_conf(); ++cpu) {
         defaultBlacklistProcess += ",[watchdog/" + std::to_string(cpu) + "]";
     }
-    defaultBlacklistProcess =
-        android::base::GetProperty(LLK_BLACKLIST_PROCESS_PROPERTY, defaultBlacklistProcess);
-    llkBlacklistProcess = llkSplit(defaultBlacklistProcess);
+    llkBlacklistProcess = llkSplit(LLK_BLACKLIST_PROCESS_PROPERTY, defaultBlacklistProcess);
     if (!llkSkipName("[khungtaskd]")) {  // ALWAYS ignore as special
         llkBlacklistProcess.emplace("[khungtaskd]");
     }
-    llkBlacklistParent = llkSplit(android::base::GetProperty(
-        LLK_BLACKLIST_PARENT_PROPERTY, std::to_string(kernelPid) + "," + std::to_string(kthreaddPid) +
-                                           "," LLK_BLACKLIST_PARENT_DEFAULT));
-    llkBlacklistUid =
-        llkSplit(android::base::GetProperty(LLK_BLACKLIST_UID_PROPERTY, LLK_BLACKLIST_UID_DEFAULT));
+    llkBlacklistParent = llkSplit(LLK_BLACKLIST_PARENT_PROPERTY,
+                                  std::to_string(kernelPid) + "," + std::to_string(kthreaddPid) +
+                                          "," LLK_BLACKLIST_PARENT_DEFAULT);
+    // derive llkBlacklistParentAndChild by moving entries with '&' from above
+    for (auto it = llkBlacklistParent.begin(); it != llkBlacklistParent.end();) {
+        auto pos = it->find('&');
+        if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+            ++it;
+            continue;
+        }
+        auto parent = it->substr(0, pos);
+        auto child = it->substr(pos + 1);
+        it = llkBlacklistParent.erase(it);
+
+        auto found = llkBlacklistParentAndChild.find(parent);
+        if (found == llkBlacklistParentAndChild.end()) {
+            llkBlacklistParentAndChild.emplace(std::make_pair(
+                    std::move(parent), std::unordered_set<std::string>({std::move(child)})));
+        } else {
+            found->second.emplace(std::move(child));
+        }
+    }
+
+    llkBlacklistUid = llkSplit(LLK_BLACKLIST_UID_PROPERTY, LLK_BLACKLIST_UID_DEFAULT);
 
     // internal watchdog
     ::signal(SIGALRM, llkAlarmHandler);
diff --git a/llkd/llkd-debuggable.rc b/llkd/llkd-debuggable.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..724cb5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/llkd/llkd-debuggable.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+on property:ro.debuggable=1
+    setprop llk.enable ${ro.llk.enable:-1}
+    setprop khungtask.enable ${ro.khungtask.enable:-1}
+
+on property:ro.llk.enable=eng
+    setprop llk.enable ${ro.debuggable:-0}
+
+on property:ro.khungtask.enable=eng
+    setprop khungtask.enable ${ro.debuggable:-0}
+
+service llkd-1 /system/bin/llkd
+    class late_start
+    disabled
+    user llkd
+    group llkd readproc
+    capabilities KILL IPC_LOCK SYS_PTRACE DAC_OVERRIDE
+    file /dev/kmsg w
+    file /proc/sysrq-trigger w
+    writepid /dev/cpuset/system-background/tasks
diff --git a/llkd/llkd.rc b/llkd/llkd.rc
index e538cdb..b1f96a8 100644
--- a/llkd/llkd.rc
+++ b/llkd/llkd.rc
@@ -3,15 +3,8 @@
     setprop llk.enable ${ro.llk.enable:-0}
     setprop khungtask.enable ${ro.khungtask.enable:-0}
 
-on property:ro.debuggable=1
-    setprop llk.enable ${ro.llk.enable:-1}
-    setprop khungtask.enable ${ro.khungtask.enable:-1}
-
-on property:ro.llk.enable=eng
-    setprop llk.enable ${ro.debuggable:-0}
-
-on property:ro.khungtask.enable=eng
-    setprop khungtask.enable ${ro.debuggable:-0}
+on property:ro.llk.enable=true
+    setprop llk.enable true
 
 on property:llk.enable=1
     setprop llk.enable true
@@ -19,6 +12,9 @@
 on property:llk.enable=0
     setprop llk.enable false
 
+on property:ro.khungtask.enable=true
+    setprop khungtask.enable true
+
 on property:khungtask.enable=1
     setprop khungtask.enable true
 
@@ -36,9 +32,9 @@
     write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_panic 0
 
 on property:llk.enable=true
-    start llkd
+    start llkd-${ro.debuggable:-0}
 
-service llkd /system/bin/llkd
+service llkd-0 /system/bin/llkd
     class late_start
     disabled
     user llkd
diff --git a/llkd/tests/llkd_test.cpp b/llkd/tests/llkd_test.cpp
index 3a15ff1..96079cc 100644
--- a/llkd/tests/llkd_test.cpp
+++ b/llkd/tests/llkd_test.cpp
@@ -14,8 +14,11 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <fcntl.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -81,9 +84,13 @@
         (GetUintProperty(LLK_CHECK_MS_PROPERTY,
                          LLK_TIMEOUT_MS_DEFAULT / LLK_CHECKS_PER_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) !=
          duration_cast<milliseconds>(10s))) {
-        execute("stop llkd");
+        execute("stop llkd-0");
+        execute("stop llkd-1");
         rest();
         std::string setprop("setprop ");
+        // Manually check that SyS_openat is _added_ to the list when restarted
+        execute((setprop + LLK_CHECK_STACK_PROPERTY + " ,SyS_openat").c_str());
+        rest();
         execute((setprop + LLK_ENABLE_WRITEABLE_PROPERTY + " false").c_str());
         rest();
         execute((setprop + LLK_TIMEOUT_MS_PROPERTY + " 120000").c_str());
@@ -92,8 +99,10 @@
         rest();
         execute((setprop + LLK_CHECK_MS_PROPERTY + " 10000").c_str());
         rest();
-        execute((setprop + LLK_ENABLE_PROPERTY + " true").c_str());
-        rest();
+        if (!default_enable) {
+            execute((setprop + LLK_ENABLE_PROPERTY + " true").c_str());
+            rest();
+        }
         execute((setprop + LLK_ENABLE_WRITEABLE_PROPERTY + " true").c_str());
         rest();
     }
@@ -104,7 +113,7 @@
     }
     default_enable = android::base::GetBoolProperty(LLK_ENABLE_PROPERTY, default_enable);
     if (default_enable) {
-        execute("start llkd");
+        execute("start llkd-1");
         rest();
         GTEST_LOG_INFO << "llkd enabled\n";
     } else {
@@ -123,8 +132,10 @@
         llkTimeoutMs = LLK_TIMEOUT_MS_MINIMUM;
     }
     milliseconds llkCheckMs = llkTimeoutMs / LLK_CHECKS_PER_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT;
-    auto timeout = GetUintProperty(
-        (state == 'Z') ? LLK_Z_TIMEOUT_MS_PROPERTY : LLK_D_TIMEOUT_MS_PROPERTY, llkTimeoutMs);
+    auto timeout = GetUintProperty((state == 'Z') ? LLK_Z_TIMEOUT_MS_PROPERTY
+                                                  : (state == 'S') ? LLK_STACK_TIMEOUT_MS_PROPERTY
+                                                                   : LLK_D_TIMEOUT_MS_PROPERTY,
+                                   llkTimeoutMs);
     if (timeout < LLK_TIMEOUT_MS_MINIMUM) {
         timeout = LLK_TIMEOUT_MS_MINIMUM;
     }
@@ -285,3 +296,75 @@
 
     waitForPid(child_pid);
 }
+
+TEST(llkd, sleep) {
+    if (checkKill("kernel_panic,sysrq,livelock,sleeping")) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.debuggable", false)) {
+        GTEST_LOG_WARNING << "Features not available on user builds\n";
+    }
+
+    const auto period = llkdSleepPeriod('S');
+
+    /* Create a Persistent SyS_openat for single-ended pipe */
+    static constexpr char stack_pipe_file[] = "/dev/stack_pipe_file";
+    unlink(stack_pipe_file);
+    auto pipe_ret = mknod(stack_pipe_file, S_IFIFO | 0666, 0);
+    ASSERT_LE(0, pipe_ret);
+
+    auto child_pid = fork();
+    ASSERT_LE(0, child_pid);
+    if (!child_pid) {
+        child_pid = fork();
+        ASSERT_LE(0, child_pid);
+        if (!child_pid) {
+            sleep(period.count());
+            auto fd = open(stack_pipe_file, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+            close(fd);
+            exit(0);
+        } else {
+            auto fd = open(stack_pipe_file, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+            close(fd);
+            exit(42);
+        }
+    }
+
+    waitForPid(child_pid);
+
+    unlink(stack_pipe_file);
+}
+
+// b/120983740
+TEST(llkd, adbd_and_setsid) {
+    if (checkKill("kernel_panic,sysrq,livelock,zombie")) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const auto period = llkdSleepPeriod('S');
+
+    // expect llkd.zombie to trigger, but not for adbd&[setsid]
+    // Create a Persistent Zombie setsid Process
+    pid_t child_pid = fork();
+    ASSERT_LE(0, child_pid);
+    if (!child_pid) {
+        prctl(PR_SET_NAME, "adbd");
+        auto zombie_pid = fork();
+        ASSERT_LE(0, zombie_pid);
+        if (!zombie_pid) {
+            prctl(PR_SET_NAME, "setsid");
+            sleep(1);
+            exit(0);
+        }
+        sleep(period.count());
+        exit(42);
+    }
+
+    // Reverse of waitForPid, do _not_ expect kill
+    int wstatus;
+    ASSERT_LE(0, waitpid(child_pid, &wstatus, 0));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(wstatus));
+    if (WIFEXITED(wstatus)) {
+        EXPECT_EQ(42, WEXITSTATUS(wstatus));
+    }
+    ASSERT_FALSE(WIFSIGNALED(wstatus)) << "[   INFO   ] signo=" << WTERMSIG(wstatus);
+}
diff --git a/lmkd/Android.bp b/lmkd/Android.bp
index 903d0e2..f9ed57c 100644
--- a/lmkd/Android.bp
+++ b/lmkd/Android.bp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "libcutils",
         "liblog",
+        "libprocessgroup",
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libstatslogc",
diff --git a/lmkd/include/lmkd.h b/lmkd/include/lmkd.h
index fe6364d..e72d159 100644
--- a/lmkd/include/lmkd.h
+++ b/lmkd/include/lmkd.h
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
     LMK_TARGET = 0,  /* Associate minfree with oom_adj_score */
     LMK_PROCPRIO,    /* Register a process and set its oom_adj_score */
     LMK_PROCREMOVE,  /* Unregister a process */
+    LMK_PROCPURGE,   /* Purge all registered processes */
+    LMK_GETKILLCNT,  /* Get number of kills */
 };
 
 /*
@@ -142,6 +144,53 @@
     return 2 * sizeof(int);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Prepare LMK_PROCPURGE packet and return packet size in bytes.
+ * Warning: no checks performed, caller should ensure valid parameters.
+ */
+inline size_t lmkd_pack_set_procpurge(LMKD_CTRL_PACKET packet) {
+    packet[0] = htonl(LMK_PROCPURGE);
+    return sizeof(int);
+}
+
+/* LMK_GETKILLCNT packet payload */
+struct lmk_getkillcnt {
+    int min_oomadj;
+    int max_oomadj;
+};
+
+/*
+ * For LMK_GETKILLCNT packet get its payload.
+ * Warning: no checks performed, caller should ensure valid parameters.
+ */
+inline void lmkd_pack_get_getkillcnt(LMKD_CTRL_PACKET packet,
+                                   struct lmk_getkillcnt *params) {
+    params->min_oomadj = ntohl(packet[1]);
+    params->max_oomadj = ntohl(packet[2]);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prepare LMK_GETKILLCNT packet and return packet size in bytes.
+ * Warning: no checks performed, caller should ensure valid parameters.
+ */
+inline size_t lmkd_pack_set_getkillcnt(LMKD_CTRL_PACKET packet,
+                                       struct lmk_getkillcnt *params) {
+    packet[0] = htonl(LMK_GETKILLCNT);
+    packet[1] = htonl(params->min_oomadj);
+    packet[2] = htonl(params->max_oomadj);
+    return 3 * sizeof(int);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prepare LMK_GETKILLCNT reply packet and return packet size in bytes.
+ * Warning: no checks performed, caller should ensure valid parameters.
+ */
+inline size_t lmkd_pack_set_getkillcnt_repl(LMKD_CTRL_PACKET packet, int kill_cnt) {
+    packet[0] = htonl(LMK_GETKILLCNT);
+    packet[1] = htonl(kill_cnt);
+    return 2 * sizeof(int);
+}
+
 __END_DECLS
 
 #endif /* _LMKD_H_ */
diff --git a/lmkd/lmkd.c b/lmkd/lmkd.c
index 02534f2..ca78c38 100644
--- a/lmkd/lmkd.c
+++ b/lmkd/lmkd.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #define LOG_TAG "lowmemorykiller"
 
+#include <dirent.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <pwd.h>
@@ -28,16 +29,22 @@
 #include <sys/epoll.h>
 #include <sys/eventfd.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/sysinfo.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
+#include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <cutils/sched_policy.h>
 #include <cutils/sockets.h>
 #include <lmkd.h>
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <log/log_event_list.h>
+#include <log/log_time.h>
+#include <system/thread_defs.h>
 
 #ifdef LMKD_LOG_STATS
 #include "statslog.h"
@@ -83,6 +90,10 @@
 #define ARRAY_SIZE(x)   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*(x)))
 #define EIGHT_MEGA (1 << 23)
 
+#define TARGET_UPDATE_MIN_INTERVAL_MS 1000
+
+#define NS_PER_MS (NS_PER_SEC / MS_PER_SEC)
+
 /* Defined as ProcessList.SYSTEM_ADJ in ProcessList.java */
 #define SYSTEM_ADJ (-900)
 
@@ -91,6 +102,8 @@
 
 #define min(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
 
+#define FAIL_REPORT_RLIMIT_MS 1000
+
 /* default to old in-kernel interface if no memory pressure events */
 static bool use_inkernel_interface = true;
 static bool has_inkernel_module;
@@ -305,7 +318,20 @@
 #define pid_hashfn(x) ((((x) >> 8) ^ (x)) & (PIDHASH_SZ - 1))
 
 #define ADJTOSLOT(adj) ((adj) + -OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN)
-static struct adjslot_list procadjslot_list[ADJTOSLOT(OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX) + 1];
+#define ADJTOSLOT_COUNT (ADJTOSLOT(OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX) + 1)
+static struct adjslot_list procadjslot_list[ADJTOSLOT_COUNT];
+
+#define MAX_DISTINCT_OOM_ADJ 32
+#define KILLCNT_INVALID_IDX 0xFF
+/*
+ * Because killcnt array is sparse a two-level indirection is used
+ * to keep the size small. killcnt_idx stores index of the element in
+ * killcnt array. Index KILLCNT_INVALID_IDX indicates an unused slot.
+ */
+static uint8_t killcnt_idx[ADJTOSLOT_COUNT];
+static uint16_t killcnt[MAX_DISTINCT_OOM_ADJ];
+static int killcnt_free_idx = 0;
+static uint32_t killcnt_total = 0;
 
 /* PAGE_SIZE / 1024 */
 static long page_k;
@@ -494,6 +520,12 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+static inline long get_time_diff_ms(struct timespec *from,
+                                    struct timespec *to) {
+    return (to->tv_sec - from->tv_sec) * (long)MS_PER_SEC +
+           (to->tv_nsec - from->tv_nsec) / (long)NS_PER_MS;
+}
+
 static void cmd_procprio(LMKD_CTRL_PACKET packet) {
     struct proc *procp;
     char path[80];
@@ -545,7 +577,7 @@
         } else if (params.oomadj >= 300) {
             soft_limit_mult = 1;
         } else if (params.oomadj >= 200) {
-            soft_limit_mult = 2;
+            soft_limit_mult = 8;
         } else if (params.oomadj >= 100) {
             soft_limit_mult = 10;
         } else if (params.oomadj >=   0) {
@@ -598,24 +630,148 @@
     }
 
     lmkd_pack_get_procremove(packet, &params);
+    /*
+     * WARNING: After pid_remove() procp is freed and can't be used!
+     * Therefore placed at the end of the function.
+     */
     pid_remove(params.pid);
 }
 
+static void cmd_procpurge() {
+    int i;
+    struct proc *procp;
+    struct proc *next;
+
+    if (use_inkernel_interface) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i <= ADJTOSLOT(OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX); i++) {
+        procadjslot_list[i].next = &procadjslot_list[i];
+        procadjslot_list[i].prev = &procadjslot_list[i];
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < PIDHASH_SZ; i++) {
+        procp = pidhash[i];
+        while (procp) {
+            next = procp->pidhash_next;
+            free(procp);
+            procp = next;
+        }
+    }
+    memset(&pidhash[0], 0, sizeof(pidhash));
+}
+
+static void inc_killcnt(int oomadj) {
+    int slot = ADJTOSLOT(oomadj);
+    uint8_t idx = killcnt_idx[slot];
+
+    if (idx == KILLCNT_INVALID_IDX) {
+        /* index is not assigned for this oomadj */
+        if (killcnt_free_idx < MAX_DISTINCT_OOM_ADJ) {
+            killcnt_idx[slot] = killcnt_free_idx;
+            killcnt[killcnt_free_idx] = 1;
+            killcnt_free_idx++;
+        } else {
+            ALOGW("Number of distinct oomadj levels exceeds %d",
+                MAX_DISTINCT_OOM_ADJ);
+        }
+    } else {
+        /*
+         * wraparound is highly unlikely and is detectable using total
+         * counter because it has to be equal to the sum of all counters
+         */
+        killcnt[idx]++;
+    }
+    /* increment total kill counter */
+    killcnt_total++;
+}
+
+static int get_killcnt(int min_oomadj, int max_oomadj) {
+    int slot;
+    int count = 0;
+
+    if (min_oomadj > max_oomadj)
+        return 0;
+
+    /* special case to get total kill count */
+    if (min_oomadj > OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX)
+        return killcnt_total;
+
+    while (min_oomadj <= max_oomadj &&
+           (slot = ADJTOSLOT(min_oomadj)) < ADJTOSLOT_COUNT) {
+        uint8_t idx = killcnt_idx[slot];
+        if (idx != KILLCNT_INVALID_IDX) {
+            count += killcnt[idx];
+        }
+        min_oomadj++;
+    }
+
+    return count;
+}
+
+static int cmd_getkillcnt(LMKD_CTRL_PACKET packet) {
+    struct lmk_getkillcnt params;
+
+    if (use_inkernel_interface) {
+        /* kernel driver does not expose this information */
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    lmkd_pack_get_getkillcnt(packet, &params);
+
+    return get_killcnt(params.min_oomadj, params.max_oomadj);
+}
+
 static void cmd_target(int ntargets, LMKD_CTRL_PACKET packet) {
     int i;
     struct lmk_target target;
+    char minfree_str[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];
+    char *pstr = minfree_str;
+    char *pend = minfree_str + sizeof(minfree_str);
+    static struct timespec last_req_tm;
+    struct timespec curr_tm;
 
-    if (ntargets > (int)ARRAY_SIZE(lowmem_adj))
+    if (ntargets < 1 || ntargets > (int)ARRAY_SIZE(lowmem_adj))
         return;
 
+    /*
+     * Ratelimit minfree updates to once per TARGET_UPDATE_MIN_INTERVAL_MS
+     * to prevent DoS attacks
+     */
+    if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE, &curr_tm) != 0) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to get current time");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (get_time_diff_ms(&last_req_tm, &curr_tm) <
+        TARGET_UPDATE_MIN_INTERVAL_MS) {
+        ALOGE("Ignoring frequent updated to lmkd limits");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    last_req_tm = curr_tm;
+
     for (i = 0; i < ntargets; i++) {
         lmkd_pack_get_target(packet, i, &target);
         lowmem_minfree[i] = target.minfree;
         lowmem_adj[i] = target.oom_adj_score;
+
+        pstr += snprintf(pstr, pend - pstr, "%d:%d,", target.minfree,
+            target.oom_adj_score);
+        if (pstr >= pend) {
+            /* if no more space in the buffer then terminate the loop */
+            pstr = pend;
+            break;
+        }
     }
 
     lowmem_targets_size = ntargets;
 
+    /* Override the last extra comma */
+    pstr[-1] = '\0';
+    property_set("sys.lmk.minfree_levels", minfree_str);
+
     if (has_inkernel_module) {
         char minfreestr[128];
         char killpriostr[128];
@@ -671,12 +827,28 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
+static int ctrl_data_write(int dsock_idx, char *buf, size_t bufsz) {
+    int ret = 0;
+
+    ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(data_sock[dsock_idx].sock, buf, bufsz));
+
+    if (ret == -1) {
+        ALOGE("control data socket write failed; errno=%d", errno);
+    } else if (ret == 0) {
+        ALOGE("Got EOF on control data socket");
+        ret = -1;
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
 static void ctrl_command_handler(int dsock_idx) {
     LMKD_CTRL_PACKET packet;
     int len;
     enum lmk_cmd cmd;
     int nargs;
     int targets;
+    int kill_cnt;
 
     len = ctrl_data_read(dsock_idx, (char *)packet, CTRL_PACKET_MAX_SIZE);
     if (len <= 0)
@@ -709,6 +881,19 @@
             goto wronglen;
         cmd_procremove(packet);
         break;
+    case LMK_PROCPURGE:
+        if (nargs != 0)
+            goto wronglen;
+        cmd_procpurge();
+        break;
+    case LMK_GETKILLCNT:
+        if (nargs != 2)
+            goto wronglen;
+        kill_cnt = cmd_getkillcnt(packet);
+        len = lmkd_pack_set_getkillcnt_repl(packet, kill_cnt);
+        if (ctrl_data_write(dsock_idx, (char *)packet, len) != len)
+            return;
+        break;
     default:
         ALOGE("Received unknown command code %d", cmd);
         return;
@@ -774,7 +959,7 @@
 }
 
 #ifdef LMKD_LOG_STATS
-static void memory_stat_parse_line(char *line, struct memory_stat *mem_st) {
+static void memory_stat_parse_line(char* line, struct memory_stat* mem_st) {
     char key[LINE_MAX + 1];
     int64_t value;
 
@@ -796,17 +981,10 @@
         mem_st->swap_in_bytes = value;
 }
 
-static int memory_stat_parse(struct memory_stat *mem_st,  int pid, uid_t uid) {
+static int memory_stat_from_cgroup(struct memory_stat* mem_st, int pid, uid_t uid) {
     FILE *fp;
     char buf[PATH_MAX];
 
-    /*
-     * Per-application memory.stat files are available only when
-     * per-application memcgs are enabled.
-     */
-    if (!per_app_memcg)
-        return -1;
-
     snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), MEMCG_PROCESS_MEMORY_STAT_PATH, uid, pid);
 
     fp = fopen(buf, "r");
@@ -816,13 +994,51 @@
         return -1;
     }
 
-    while (fgets(buf, PAGE_SIZE, fp) != NULL ) {
+    while (fgets(buf, PAGE_SIZE, fp) != NULL) {
         memory_stat_parse_line(buf, mem_st);
     }
     fclose(fp);
 
     return 0;
 }
+
+static int memory_stat_from_procfs(struct memory_stat* mem_st, int pid) {
+    char path[PATH_MAX];
+    char buffer[PROC_STAT_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    int fd, ret;
+
+    snprintf(path, sizeof(path), PROC_STAT_FILE_PATH, pid);
+    if ((fd = open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s open failed: %s", path, strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    ret = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+    if (ret < 0) {
+        ALOGE("%s read failed: %s", path, strerror(errno));
+        close(fd);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    close(fd);
+
+    // field 10 is pgfault
+    // field 12 is pgmajfault
+    // field 22 is starttime
+    // field 24 is rss_in_pages
+    int64_t pgfault = 0, pgmajfault = 0, starttime = 0, rss_in_pages = 0;
+    if (sscanf(buffer,
+               "%*u %*s %*s %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %" SCNd64 " %*d "
+               "%" SCNd64 " %*d %*u %*u %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d "
+               "%" SCNd64 " %*d %" SCNd64 "",
+               &pgfault, &pgmajfault, &starttime, &rss_in_pages) != 4) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    mem_st->pgfault = pgfault;
+    mem_st->pgmajfault = pgmajfault;
+    mem_st->rss_in_bytes = (rss_in_pages * PAGE_SIZE);
+    mem_st->process_start_time_ns = starttime * (NS_PER_SEC / sysconf(_SC_CLK_TCK));
+    return 0;
+}
 #endif
 
 /* /prop/zoneinfo parsing routines */
@@ -1050,14 +1266,51 @@
     return maxprocp;
 }
 
+static void set_process_group_and_prio(int pid, SchedPolicy sp, int prio) {
+    DIR* d;
+    char proc_path[PATH_MAX];
+    struct dirent* de;
+
+    snprintf(proc_path, sizeof(proc_path), "/proc/%d/task", pid);
+    if (!(d = opendir(proc_path))) {
+        ALOGW("Failed to open %s; errno=%d: process pid(%d) might have died", proc_path, errno,
+              pid);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    while ((de = readdir(d))) {
+        int t_pid;
+
+        if (de->d_name[0] == '.') continue;
+        t_pid = atoi(de->d_name);
+
+        if (!t_pid) {
+            ALOGW("Failed to get t_pid for '%s' of pid(%d)", de->d_name, pid);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (setpriority(PRIO_PROCESS, t_pid, prio) && errno != ESRCH) {
+            ALOGW("Unable to raise priority of killing t_pid (%d): errno=%d", t_pid, errno);
+        }
+
+        if (set_cpuset_policy(t_pid, sp)) {
+            ALOGW("Failed to set_cpuset_policy on pid(%d) t_pid(%d) to %d", pid, t_pid, (int)sp);
+            continue;
+        }
+    }
+    closedir(d);
+}
+
+static int last_killed_pid = -1;
+
 /* Kill one process specified by procp.  Returns the size of the process killed */
-static int kill_one_process(struct proc* procp, int min_score_adj,
-                            enum vmpressure_level level) {
+static int kill_one_process(struct proc* procp) {
     int pid = procp->pid;
     uid_t uid = procp->uid;
     char *taskname;
     int tasksize;
     int r;
+    int result = -1;
 
 #ifdef LMKD_LOG_STATS
     struct memory_stat mem_st = {};
@@ -1066,19 +1319,21 @@
 
     taskname = proc_get_name(pid);
     if (!taskname) {
-        pid_remove(pid);
-        return -1;
+        goto out;
     }
 
     tasksize = proc_get_size(pid);
     if (tasksize <= 0) {
-        pid_remove(pid);
-        return -1;
+        goto out;
     }
 
 #ifdef LMKD_LOG_STATS
     if (enable_stats_log) {
-        memory_stat_parse_result = memory_stat_parse(&mem_st, pid, uid);
+        if (per_app_memcg) {
+            memory_stat_parse_result = memory_stat_from_cgroup(&mem_st, pid, uid);
+        } else {
+            memory_stat_parse_result = memory_stat_from_procfs(&mem_st, pid);
+        }
     }
 #endif
 
@@ -1086,42 +1341,50 @@
 
     /* CAP_KILL required */
     r = kill(pid, SIGKILL);
-    ALOGI(
-        "Killing '%s' (%d), uid %d, adj %d\n"
-        "   to free %ldkB because system is under %s memory pressure (min_oom_adj=%d)\n",
-        taskname, pid, uid, procp->oomadj, tasksize * page_k,
-        level_name[level], min_score_adj);
-    pid_remove(pid);
+
+    set_process_group_and_prio(pid, SP_FOREGROUND, ANDROID_PRIORITY_HIGHEST);
+
+    inc_killcnt(procp->oomadj);
+    ALOGI("Kill '%s' (%d), uid %d, oom_adj %d to free %ldkB",
+        taskname, pid, uid, procp->oomadj, tasksize * page_k);
 
     TRACE_KILL_END();
 
+    last_killed_pid = pid;
+
     if (r) {
         ALOGE("kill(%d): errno=%d", pid, errno);
-        return -1;
+        goto out;
     } else {
 #ifdef LMKD_LOG_STATS
         if (memory_stat_parse_result == 0) {
             stats_write_lmk_kill_occurred(log_ctx, LMK_KILL_OCCURRED, uid, taskname,
                     procp->oomadj, mem_st.pgfault, mem_st.pgmajfault, mem_st.rss_in_bytes,
-                    mem_st.cache_in_bytes, mem_st.swap_in_bytes);
+                    mem_st.cache_in_bytes, mem_st.swap_in_bytes, mem_st.process_start_time_ns);
+        } else if (enable_stats_log) {
+            stats_write_lmk_kill_occurred(log_ctx, LMK_KILL_OCCURRED, uid, taskname, procp->oomadj,
+                                          -1, -1, tasksize * BYTES_IN_KILOBYTE, -1, -1, -1);
         }
 #endif
-        return tasksize;
+        result = tasksize;
     }
 
-    return tasksize;
+out:
+    /*
+     * WARNING: After pid_remove() procp is freed and can't be used!
+     * Therefore placed at the end of the function.
+     */
+    pid_remove(pid);
+    return result;
 }
 
 /*
- * Find processes to kill to free required number of pages.
- * If pages_to_free is set to 0 only one process will be killed.
- * Returns the size of the killed processes.
+ * Find one process to kill at or above the given oom_adj level.
+ * Returns size of the killed process.
  */
-static int find_and_kill_processes(enum vmpressure_level level,
-                                   int min_score_adj, int pages_to_free) {
+static int find_and_kill_process(int min_score_adj) {
     int i;
-    int killed_size;
-    int pages_freed = 0;
+    int killed_size = 0;
 
 #ifdef LMKD_LOG_STATS
     bool lmk_state_change_start = false;
@@ -1137,7 +1400,7 @@
             if (!procp)
                 break;
 
-            killed_size = kill_one_process(procp, min_score_adj, level);
+            killed_size = kill_one_process(procp);
             if (killed_size >= 0) {
 #ifdef LMKD_LOG_STATS
                 if (enable_stats_log && !lmk_state_change_start) {
@@ -1146,20 +1409,12 @@
                                                   LMK_STATE_CHANGE_START);
                 }
 #endif
-
-                pages_freed += killed_size;
-                if (pages_freed >= pages_to_free) {
-
-#ifdef LMKD_LOG_STATS
-                    if (enable_stats_log && lmk_state_change_start) {
-                        stats_write_lmk_state_changed(log_ctx, LMK_STATE_CHANGED,
-                                LMK_STATE_CHANGE_STOP);
-                    }
-#endif
-                    return pages_freed;
-                }
+                break;
             }
         }
+        if (killed_size) {
+            break;
+        }
     }
 
 #ifdef LMKD_LOG_STATS
@@ -1168,7 +1423,7 @@
     }
 #endif
 
-    return pages_freed;
+    return killed_size;
 }
 
 static int64_t get_memory_usage(struct reread_data *file_data) {
@@ -1228,10 +1483,21 @@
         level - 1 : level);
 }
 
-static inline unsigned long get_time_diff_ms(struct timeval *from,
-                                             struct timeval *to) {
-    return (to->tv_sec - from->tv_sec) * 1000 +
-           (to->tv_usec - from->tv_usec) / 1000;
+static bool is_kill_pending(void) {
+    char buf[24];
+
+    if (last_killed_pid < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/%d/", last_killed_pid);
+    if (access(buf, F_OK) == 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // reset last killed PID because there's nothing pending
+    last_killed_pid = -1;
+    return false;
 }
 
 static void mp_event_common(int data, uint32_t events __unused) {
@@ -1242,12 +1508,12 @@
     enum vmpressure_level lvl;
     union meminfo mi;
     union zoneinfo zi;
-    static struct timeval last_report_tm;
-    static unsigned long skip_count = 0;
+    struct timespec curr_tm;
+    static struct timespec last_kill_tm;
+    static unsigned long kill_skip_count = 0;
     enum vmpressure_level level = (enum vmpressure_level)data;
     long other_free = 0, other_file = 0;
     int min_score_adj;
-    int pages_to_free = 0;
     int minfree = 0;
     static struct reread_data mem_usage_file_data = {
         .filename = MEMCG_MEMORY_USAGE,
@@ -1272,19 +1538,26 @@
         }
     }
 
+    if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE, &curr_tm) != 0) {
+        ALOGE("Failed to get current time");
+        return;
+    }
+
     if (kill_timeout_ms) {
-        struct timeval curr_tm;
-        gettimeofday(&curr_tm, NULL);
-        if (get_time_diff_ms(&last_report_tm, &curr_tm) < kill_timeout_ms) {
-            skip_count++;
+        // If we're within the timeout, see if there's pending reclaim work
+        // from the last killed process. If there is (as evidenced by
+        // /proc/<pid> continuing to exist), skip killing for now.
+        if ((get_time_diff_ms(&last_kill_tm, &curr_tm) < kill_timeout_ms) &&
+            (low_ram_device || is_kill_pending())) {
+            kill_skip_count++;
             return;
         }
     }
 
-    if (skip_count > 0) {
+    if (kill_skip_count > 0) {
         ALOGI("%lu memory pressure events were skipped after a kill!",
-              skip_count);
-        skip_count = 0;
+              kill_skip_count);
+        kill_skip_count = 0;
     }
 
     if (meminfo_parse(&mi) < 0 || zoneinfo_parse(&zi) < 0) {
@@ -1322,9 +1595,6 @@
             return;
         }
 
-        /* Free up enough pages to push over the highest minfree level */
-        pages_to_free = lowmem_minfree[lowmem_targets_size - 1] -
-            ((other_free < other_file) ? other_free : other_file);
         goto do_kill;
     }
 
@@ -1380,7 +1650,7 @@
 do_kill:
     if (low_ram_device) {
         /* For Go devices kill only one task */
-        if (find_and_kill_processes(level, level_oomadj[level], 0) == 0) {
+        if (find_and_kill_process(level_oomadj[level]) == 0) {
             if (debug_process_killing) {
                 ALOGI("Nothing to kill");
             }
@@ -1389,6 +1659,8 @@
         }
     } else {
         int pages_freed;
+        static struct timespec last_report_tm;
+        static unsigned long report_skip_count = 0;
 
         if (!use_minfree_levels) {
             /* If pressure level is less than critical and enough free swap then ignore */
@@ -1402,10 +1674,7 @@
                 return;
             }
             /* Free up enough memory to downgrate the memory pressure to low level */
-            if (mi.field.nr_free_pages < low_pressure_mem.max_nr_free_pages) {
-                pages_to_free = low_pressure_mem.max_nr_free_pages -
-                    mi.field.nr_free_pages;
-            } else {
+            if (mi.field.nr_free_pages >= low_pressure_mem.max_nr_free_pages) {
                 if (debug_process_killing) {
                     ALOGI("Ignoring pressure since more memory is "
                         "available (%" PRId64 ") than watermark (%" PRId64 ")",
@@ -1416,27 +1685,40 @@
             min_score_adj = level_oomadj[level];
         }
 
-        pages_freed = find_and_kill_processes(level, min_score_adj, pages_to_free);
+        pages_freed = find_and_kill_process(min_score_adj);
+
+        if (pages_freed == 0) {
+            /* Rate limit kill reports when nothing was reclaimed */
+            if (get_time_diff_ms(&last_report_tm, &curr_tm) < FAIL_REPORT_RLIMIT_MS) {
+                report_skip_count++;
+                return;
+            }
+        } else {
+            /* If we killed anything, update the last killed timestamp. */
+            last_kill_tm = curr_tm;
+        }
+
+        /* Log meminfo whenever we kill or when report rate limit allows */
+        meminfo_log(&mi);
 
         if (use_minfree_levels) {
-            ALOGI("Killing because cache %ldkB is below "
-                  "limit %ldkB for oom_adj %d\n"
-                  "   Free memory is %ldkB %s reserved",
-                  other_file * page_k, minfree * page_k, min_score_adj,
-                  other_free * page_k, other_free >= 0 ? "above" : "below");
+            ALOGI("Reclaimed %ldkB, cache(%ldkB) and "
+                "free(%" PRId64 "kB)-reserved(%" PRId64 "kB) below min(%ldkB) for oom_adj %d",
+                pages_freed * page_k,
+                other_file * page_k, mi.field.nr_free_pages * page_k,
+                zi.field.totalreserve_pages * page_k,
+                minfree * page_k, min_score_adj);
+        } else {
+            ALOGI("Reclaimed %ldkB at oom_adj %d",
+                pages_freed * page_k, min_score_adj);
         }
 
-        if (pages_freed < pages_to_free) {
-            ALOGI("Unable to free enough memory (pages to free=%d, pages freed=%d)",
-                  pages_to_free, pages_freed);
-        } else {
-            ALOGI("Reclaimed enough memory (pages to free=%d, pages freed=%d)",
-                  pages_to_free, pages_freed);
-            gettimeofday(&last_report_tm, NULL);
+        if (report_skip_count > 0) {
+            ALOGI("Suppressed %lu failed kill reports", report_skip_count);
+            report_skip_count = 0;
         }
-        if (pages_freed > 0) {
-            meminfo_log(&mi);
-        }
+
+        last_report_tm = curr_tm;
     }
 }
 
@@ -1568,6 +1850,8 @@
         procadjslot_list[i].prev = &procadjslot_list[i];
     }
 
+    memset(killcnt_idx, KILLCNT_INVALID_IDX, sizeof(killcnt_idx));
+
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/lmkd/statslog.c b/lmkd/statslog.c
index 66d1164..689e8ae 100644
--- a/lmkd/statslog.c
+++ b/lmkd/statslog.c
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
 stats_write_lmk_kill_occurred(android_log_context ctx, int32_t code, int32_t uid,
                               char const* process_name, int32_t oom_score, int64_t pgfault,
                               int64_t pgmajfault, int64_t rss_in_bytes, int64_t cache_in_bytes,
-                              int64_t swap_in_bytes) {
+                              int64_t swap_in_bytes, int64_t process_start_time_ns) {
     assert(ctx != NULL);
     int ret = -EINVAL;
     if (!ctx) {
@@ -113,5 +113,9 @@
         return ret;
     }
 
+    if ((ret = android_log_write_int64(ctx, process_start_time_ns)) < 0) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+
     return write_to_logger(ctx, LOG_ID_STATS);
 }
diff --git a/lmkd/statslog.h b/lmkd/statslog.h
index edebb19..f3abe11 100644
--- a/lmkd/statslog.h
+++ b/lmkd/statslog.h
@@ -64,9 +64,13 @@
     int64_t rss_in_bytes;
     int64_t cache_in_bytes;
     int64_t swap_in_bytes;
+    int64_t process_start_time_ns;
 };
 
 #define MEMCG_PROCESS_MEMORY_STAT_PATH "/dev/memcg/apps/uid_%u/pid_%u/memory.stat"
+#define PROC_STAT_FILE_PATH "/proc/%d/stat"
+#define PROC_STAT_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
+#define BYTES_IN_KILOBYTE 1024
 
 /**
  * Logs the change in LMKD state which is used as start/stop boundaries for logging
@@ -84,7 +88,7 @@
 stats_write_lmk_kill_occurred(android_log_context ctx, int32_t code, int32_t uid,
                               char const* process_name, int32_t oom_score, int64_t pgfault,
                               int64_t pgmajfault, int64_t rss_in_bytes, int64_t cache_in_bytes,
-                              int64_t swap_in_bytes);
+                              int64_t swap_in_bytes, int64_t process_start_time_ns);
 
 __END_DECLS
 
diff --git a/lmkd/tests/Android.bp b/lmkd/tests/Android.bp
index cbf44e9..4e845fd 100644
--- a/lmkd/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/lmkd/tests/Android.bp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "liblog",
+        "libcutils",
     ],
 
     static_libs: [
diff --git a/lmkd/tests/lmkd_test.cpp b/lmkd/tests/lmkd_test.cpp
index 1996bae..f54b25c 100644
--- a/lmkd/tests/lmkd_test.cpp
+++ b/lmkd/tests/lmkd_test.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 #define LMKDTEST_RESPAWN_FLAG "LMKDTEST_RESPAWN"
 
 #define LMKD_LOGCAT_MARKER "lowmemorykiller"
-#define LMKD_KILL_MARKER_TEMPLATE LMKD_LOGCAT_MARKER ": Killing '%s'"
+#define LMKD_KILL_MARKER_TEMPLATE LMKD_LOGCAT_MARKER ": Kill '%s'"
 #define OOM_MARKER "Out of memory"
 #define OOM_KILL_MARKER "Killed process"
 #define MIN_LOG_SIZE 100
diff --git a/logcat/Android.bp b/logcat/Android.bp
index b0563a6..5030b15 100644
--- a/logcat/Android.bp
+++ b/logcat/Android.bp
@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@
     ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
-        "libcutils",
-        "liblog",
         "libpcrecpp",
+        "libprocessgroup",
     ],
+    static_libs: ["liblog"],
     logtags: ["event.logtags"],
 }
 
diff --git a/logcat/Android.mk b/logcat/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index a716993..0000000
--- a/logcat/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2006-2014 The Android Open Source Project
-
-LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
-
-include $(call first-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
diff --git a/logcat/logcat.cpp b/logcat/logcat.cpp
index 0f56337..15e07fe 100644
--- a/logcat/logcat.cpp
+++ b/logcat/logcat.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include "logcat.h"
 
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
@@ -41,17 +42,18 @@
 #include <atomic>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
+#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
-#include <cutils/sched_policy.h>
 #include <cutils/sockets.h>
 #include <log/event_tag_map.h>
 #include <log/logprint.h>
 #include <private/android_logger.h>
+#include <processgroup/sched_policy.h>
 #include <system/thread_defs.h>
 
 #include <pcrecpp.h>
@@ -476,10 +478,10 @@
                     "  -G <size>, --buffer-size=<size>\n"
                     "                  Set size of log ring buffer, may suffix with K or M.\n"
                     "  -L, --last      Dump logs from prior to last reboot\n"
-                    // Leave security (Device Owner only installations) and
-                    // kernel (userdebug and eng) buffers undocumented.
                     "  -b <buffer>, --buffer=<buffer>         Request alternate ring buffer, 'main',\n"
                     "                  'system', 'radio', 'events', 'crash', 'default' or 'all'.\n"
+                    "                  Additionally, 'kernel' for userdebug and eng builds, and\n"
+                    "                  'security' for Device Owner installations.\n"
                     "                  Multiple -b parameters or comma separated list of buffers are\n"
                     "                  allowed. Buffers interleaved. Default -b main,system,crash.\n"
                     "  -B, --binary    Output the log in binary.\n"
@@ -565,23 +567,14 @@
     return android_log_setPrintFormat(context->logformat, format);
 }
 
-static const char multipliers[][2] = { { "" }, { "K" }, { "M" }, { "G" } };
-
-static unsigned long value_of_size(unsigned long value) {
-    for (unsigned i = 0;
-         (i < sizeof(multipliers) / sizeof(multipliers[0])) && (value >= 1024);
-         value /= 1024, ++i)
-        ;
-    return value;
-}
-
-static const char* multiplier_of_size(unsigned long value) {
-    unsigned i;
+static std::pair<unsigned long, const char*> format_of_size(unsigned long value) {
+    static const char multipliers[][3] = {{""}, {"Ki"}, {"Mi"}, {"Gi"}};
+    size_t i;
     for (i = 0;
          (i < sizeof(multipliers) / sizeof(multipliers[0])) && (value >= 1024);
          value /= 1024, ++i)
         ;
-    return multipliers[i];
+    return std::make_pair(value, multipliers[i]);
 }
 
 // String to unsigned int, returns -1 if it fails
@@ -967,7 +960,7 @@
             case 't':
                 got_t = true;
                 mode |= ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK;
-            // FALLTHRU
+                FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
             case 'T':
                 if (strspn(optarg, "0123456789") != strlen(optarg)) {
                     char* cp = parseTime(tail_time, optarg);
@@ -1017,7 +1010,7 @@
                     getLogSize = true;
                     break;
                 }
-            // FALLTHRU
+                FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
 
             case 'G': {
                 char* cp;
@@ -1031,15 +1024,15 @@
                     case 'g':
                     case 'G':
                         setLogSize *= 1024;
-                    // FALLTHRU
+                        FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
                     case 'm':
                     case 'M':
                         setLogSize *= 1024;
-                    // FALLTHRU
+                        FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
                     case 'k':
                     case 'K':
                         setLogSize *= 1024;
-                    // FALLTHRU
+                        FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
                     case '\0':
                         break;
 
@@ -1059,7 +1052,7 @@
                     getPruneList = true;
                     break;
                 }
-            // FALLTHRU
+                FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
 
             case 'P':
                 setPruneList = optarg;
@@ -1472,12 +1465,14 @@
             if ((size < 0) || (readable < 0)) {
                 reportErrorName(&getSizeFail, dev->device, allSelected);
             } else {
+                auto size_format = format_of_size(size);
+                auto readable_format = format_of_size(readable);
                 std::string str = android::base::StringPrintf(
-                       "%s: ring buffer is %ld%sb (%ld%sb consumed),"
-                         " max entry is %db, max payload is %db\n",
+                       "%s: ring buffer is %lu %sB (%lu %sB consumed),"
+                         " max entry is %d B, max payload is %d B\n",
                        dev->device,
-                       value_of_size(size), multiplier_of_size(size),
-                       value_of_size(readable), multiplier_of_size(readable),
+                       size_format.first, size_format.second,
+                       readable_format.first, readable_format.second,
                        (int)LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_LEN,
                        (int)LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD);
                 TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(context->output_fd,
diff --git a/logcat/tests/Android.bp b/logcat/tests/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab84150
--- /dev/null
+++ b/logcat/tests/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2013-2014 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "logcat-tests-defaults",
+    cflags: [
+        "-fstack-protector-all",
+        "-g",
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-fno-builtin",
+    ],
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Benchmarks
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Build benchmarks for the device. Run with:
+//   adb shell /data/nativetest/logcat-benchmarks/logcat-benchmarks
+cc_benchmark {
+    name: "logcat-benchmarks",
+    defaults: ["logcat-tests-defaults"],
+    srcs: ["logcat_benchmark.cpp"],
+    shared_libs: ["libbase"],
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Unit tests.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Build tests for the device (with .so). Run with:
+//   adb shell /data/nativetest/logcat-unit-tests/logcat-unit-tests
+cc_test {
+    name: "logcat-unit-tests",
+    defaults: ["logcat-tests-defaults"],
+    shared_libs: ["libbase"],
+    static_libs: ["liblog"],
+    srcs: [
+        "logcat_test.cpp",
+        "logcatd_test.cpp",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/logcat/tests/Android.mk b/logcat/tests/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 66f6724..0000000
--- a/logcat/tests/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2013-2014 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
-
-test_module_prefix := logcat-
-test_tags := tests
-
-test_c_flags := \
-    -fstack-protector-all \
-    -g \
-    -Wall -Wextra \
-    -Werror \
-    -fno-builtin \
-
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Benchmarks
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-benchmark_src_files := \
-    logcat_benchmark.cpp \
-
-# Build benchmarks for the device. Run with:
-#   adb shell /data/nativetest/logcat-benchmarks/logcat-benchmarks
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := $(test_module_prefix)benchmarks
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := $(test_tags)
-LOCAL_CFLAGS += $(test_c_flags)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(benchmark_src_files)
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libbase
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_BENCHMARK)
-
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Unit tests.
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-test_src_files := \
-    logcat_test.cpp \
-    logcatd_test.cpp \
-
-# Build tests for the device (with .so). Run with:
-#   adb shell /data/nativetest/logcat-unit-tests/logcat-unit-tests
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := $(test_module_prefix)unit-tests
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := $(test_tags)
-LOCAL_CFLAGS += $(test_c_flags)
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := liblog libbase
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(test_src_files)
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp b/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp
index cc1632a..d5c40be 100644
--- a/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp
+++ b/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <log/event_tag_map.h>
@@ -557,47 +558,48 @@
 
     while (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fp)) {
         int size, consumed, max, payload;
-        char size_mult[3], consumed_mult[3];
+        char size_mult[4], consumed_mult[4];
         long full_size, full_consumed;
 
         size = consumed = max = payload = 0;
         // NB: crash log can be very small, not hit a Kb of consumed space
         //     doubly lucky we are not including it.
-        if (6 != sscanf(buffer,
-                        "%*s ring buffer is %d%2s (%d%2s consumed),"
-                        " max entry is %db, max payload is %db",
-                        &size, size_mult, &consumed, consumed_mult, &max,
-                        &payload)) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: Parse error: %s", buffer);
-            continue;
-        }
+        EXPECT_EQ(6, sscanf(buffer,
+                            "%*s ring buffer is %d %3s (%d %3s consumed),"
+                            " max entry is %d B, max payload is %d B",
+                            &size, size_mult, &consumed, consumed_mult, &max, &payload))
+                << "Parse error on: " << buffer;
         full_size = size;
         switch (size_mult[0]) {
             case 'G':
                 full_size *= 1024;
-            /* FALLTHRU */
+                FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
             case 'M':
                 full_size *= 1024;
-            /* FALLTHRU */
+                FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
             case 'K':
                 full_size *= 1024;
-            /* FALLTHRU */
-            case 'b':
+                FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
+            case 'B':
                 break;
+            default:
+                ADD_FAILURE() << "Parse error on multiplier: " << size_mult;
         }
         full_consumed = consumed;
         switch (consumed_mult[0]) {
             case 'G':
                 full_consumed *= 1024;
-            /* FALLTHRU */
+                FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
             case 'M':
                 full_consumed *= 1024;
-            /* FALLTHRU */
+                FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
             case 'K':
                 full_consumed *= 1024;
-            /* FALLTHRU */
-            case 'b':
+                FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
+            case 'B':
                 break;
+            default:
+                ADD_FAILURE() << "Parse error on multiplier: " << consumed_mult;
         }
         EXPECT_GT((full_size * 9) / 4, full_consumed);
         EXPECT_GT(full_size, max);
@@ -1229,39 +1231,38 @@
         }
 
         int size, consumed, max, payload;
-        char size_mult[3], consumed_mult[3];
+        char size_mult[4], consumed_mult[4];
         size = consumed = max = payload = 0;
         if (6 == sscanf(buffer,
-                        "events: ring buffer is %d%2s (%d%2s consumed),"
-                        " max entry is %db, max payload is %db",
-                        &size, size_mult, &consumed, consumed_mult, &max,
-                        &payload)) {
+                        "events: ring buffer is %d %3s (%d %3s consumed),"
+                        " max entry is %d B, max payload is %d B",
+                        &size, size_mult, &consumed, consumed_mult, &max, &payload)) {
             long full_size = size, full_consumed = consumed;
 
             switch (size_mult[0]) {
                 case 'G':
                     full_size *= 1024;
-                /* FALLTHRU */
+                    FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
                 case 'M':
                     full_size *= 1024;
-                /* FALLTHRU */
+                    FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
                 case 'K':
                     full_size *= 1024;
-                /* FALLTHRU */
-                case 'b':
+                    FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
+                case 'B':
                     break;
             }
             switch (consumed_mult[0]) {
                 case 'G':
                     full_consumed *= 1024;
-                /* FALLTHRU */
+                    FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
                 case 'M':
                     full_consumed *= 1024;
-                /* FALLTHRU */
+                    FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
                 case 'K':
                     full_consumed *= 1024;
-                /* FALLTHRU */
-                case 'b':
+                    FALLTHROUGH_INTENDED;
+                case 'B':
                     break;
             }
             EXPECT_GT(full_size, full_consumed);
@@ -1403,7 +1404,7 @@
     int count = 0;
 
     char buffer[BIG_BUFFER];
-#define logcat_regex_prefix ___STRING(logcat) "_test"
+#define logcat_regex_prefix logcat_executable "_test"
 
     snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
              logcat_executable " --pid %d -d -e " logcat_regex_prefix "_a+b",
@@ -1549,7 +1550,7 @@
 
     {
         static const struct tag sync = { 2720, "sync" };
-        static const char id[] = ___STRING(logcat) ".descriptive-sync";
+        static const char id[] = logcat_executable ".descriptive-sync";
         {
             android_log_event_list ctx(sync.tagNo);
             ctx << id << (int32_t)42 << (int32_t)-1 << (int32_t)0;
@@ -1664,7 +1665,7 @@
         // Invent new entries because existing can not serve
         EventTagMap* map = android_openEventTagMap(nullptr);
         ASSERT_TRUE(nullptr != map);
-        static const char name[] = ___STRING(logcat) ".descriptive-monotonic";
+        static const char name[] = logcat_executable ".descriptive-monotonic";
         int myTag = android_lookupEventTagNum(map, name, "(new|1|s)",
                                               ANDROID_LOG_UNKNOWN);
         android_closeEventTagMap(map);
diff --git a/logd/.clang-format b/logd/.clang-format
deleted file mode 100644
index 393c309..0000000
--- a/logd/.clang-format
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-BasedOnStyle: Google
-AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: false
-
-CommentPragmas: NOLINT:.*
-DerivePointerAlignment: false
-IndentWidth: 4
-PointerAlignment: Left
-TabWidth: 4
-PenaltyExcessCharacter: 32
-
-Cpp11BracedListStyle: false
diff --git a/logd/.clang-format b/logd/.clang-format
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..1af4f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/logd/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../.clang-format-4
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/logd/Android.bp b/logd/Android.bp
index 5c79976..bdbdf12 100644
--- a/logd/Android.bp
+++ b/logd/Android.bp
@@ -63,14 +63,17 @@
 
     srcs: ["main.cpp"],
 
-    static_libs: ["liblogd"],
+    static_libs: [
+        "liblog",
+        "liblogd",
+    ],
 
     shared_libs: [
         "libsysutils",
-        "liblog",
         "libcutils",
         "libbase",
         "libpackagelistparser",
+        "libprocessgroup",
         "libcap",
     ],
 
diff --git a/logd/Android.mk b/logd/Android.mk
index 1bca891..aafa28d 100644
--- a/logd/Android.mk
+++ b/logd/Android.mk
@@ -5,9 +5,6 @@
 LOCAL_MODULE := logtagd.rc
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := debug
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_ETC)/init
 
 include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
-
-include $(call first-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))
diff --git a/logd/FlushCommand.cpp b/logd/FlushCommand.cpp
index 658e079..bd17555 100644
--- a/logd/FlushCommand.cpp
+++ b/logd/FlushCommand.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
     LogTimeEntry::wrlock();
     LastLogTimes::iterator it = times.begin();
     while (it != times.end()) {
-        entry = (*it);
+        entry = it->get();
         if (entry->mClient == client) {
             if (!entry->isWatchingMultiple(mLogMask)) {
                 LogTimeEntry::unlock();
@@ -63,31 +63,12 @@
                 }
             }
             entry->triggerReader_Locked();
-            if (entry->runningReader_Locked()) {
-                LogTimeEntry::unlock();
-                return;
-            }
-            entry->incRef_Locked();
-            break;
+            LogTimeEntry::unlock();
+            return;
         }
         it++;
     }
 
-    if (it == times.end()) {
-        // Create LogTimeEntry in notifyNewLog() ?
-        if (mTail == (unsigned long)-1) {
-            LogTimeEntry::unlock();
-            return;
-        }
-        entry = new LogTimeEntry(mReader, client, mNonBlock, mTail, mLogMask,
-                                 mPid, mStart, mTimeout);
-        times.push_front(entry);
-    }
-
-    client->incRef();
-
-    // release client and entry reference counts once done
-    entry->startReader_Locked();
     LogTimeEntry::unlock();
 }
 
diff --git a/logd/FlushCommand.h b/logd/FlushCommand.h
index 543dfc3..ceaf393 100644
--- a/logd/FlushCommand.h
+++ b/logd/FlushCommand.h
@@ -27,36 +27,11 @@
 
 class FlushCommand : public SocketClientCommand {
     LogReader& mReader;
-    bool mNonBlock;
-    unsigned long mTail;
     log_mask_t mLogMask;
-    pid_t mPid;
-    log_time mStart;
-    uint64_t mTimeout;
 
    public:
-    // for opening a reader
-    explicit FlushCommand(LogReader& reader, bool nonBlock, unsigned long tail,
-                          log_mask_t logMask, pid_t pid, log_time start,
-                          uint64_t timeout)
-        : mReader(reader),
-          mNonBlock(nonBlock),
-          mTail(tail),
-          mLogMask(logMask),
-          mPid(pid),
-          mStart(start),
-          mTimeout((start != log_time::EPOCH) ? timeout : 0) {
-    }
-
-    // for notification of an update
     explicit FlushCommand(LogReader& reader, log_mask_t logMask)
-        : mReader(reader),
-          mNonBlock(false),
-          mTail(-1),
-          mLogMask(logMask),
-          mPid(0),
-          mStart(log_time::EPOCH),
-          mTimeout(0) {
+        : mReader(reader), mLogMask(logMask) {
     }
 
     virtual void runSocketCommand(SocketClient* client);
diff --git a/logd/LogAudit.cpp b/logd/LogAudit.cpp
index fc8c960..470ffed 100644
--- a/logd/LogAudit.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogAudit.cpp
@@ -165,9 +165,14 @@
         bug_num->assign("");
     }
 
+    // Ensure the uid name is not null before passing it to the bug string.
     if (uid >= AID_APP_START && uid <= AID_APP_END) {
-        bug_num->append(" app=");
-        bug_num->append(android::uidToName(uid));
+        char* uidname = android::uidToName(uid);
+        if (uidname) {
+            bug_num->append(" app=");
+            bug_num->append(uidname);
+            free(uidname);
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -295,7 +300,7 @@
         return 0;
     }
 
-    log_time now;
+    log_time now(log_time::EPOCH);
 
     static const char audit_str[] = " audit(";
     char* timeptr = strstr(str, audit_str);
diff --git a/logd/LogBuffer.cpp b/logd/LogBuffer.cpp
index fd1b8b2..9cbc7c4 100644
--- a/logd/LogBuffer.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogBuffer.cpp
@@ -105,10 +105,8 @@
 
     LastLogTimes::iterator times = mTimes.begin();
     while (times != mTimes.end()) {
-        LogTimeEntry* entry = (*times);
-        if (entry->owned_Locked()) {
-            entry->triggerReader_Locked();
-        }
+        LogTimeEntry* entry = times->get();
+        entry->triggerReader_Locked();
         times++;
     }
 
@@ -401,7 +399,7 @@
                         ((*it)->getLogId() != LOG_ID_KERNEL))) {
         mLogElements.push_back(elem);
     } else {
-        log_time end = log_time::EPOCH;
+        log_time end(log_time::EPOCH);
         bool end_set = false;
         bool end_always = false;
 
@@ -409,17 +407,15 @@
 
         LastLogTimes::iterator times = mTimes.begin();
         while (times != mTimes.end()) {
-            LogTimeEntry* entry = (*times);
-            if (entry->owned_Locked()) {
-                if (!entry->mNonBlock) {
-                    end_always = true;
-                    break;
-                }
-                // it passing mEnd is blocked by the following checks.
-                if (!end_set || (end <= entry->mEnd)) {
-                    end = entry->mEnd;
-                    end_set = true;
-                }
+            LogTimeEntry* entry = times->get();
+            if (!entry->mNonBlock) {
+                end_always = true;
+                break;
+            }
+            // it passing mEnd is blocked by the following checks.
+            if (!end_set || (end <= entry->mEnd)) {
+                end = entry->mEnd;
+                end_set = true;
             }
             times++;
         }
@@ -710,8 +706,8 @@
     // Region locked?
     LastLogTimes::iterator times = mTimes.begin();
     while (times != mTimes.end()) {
-        LogTimeEntry* entry = (*times);
-        if (entry->owned_Locked() && entry->isWatching(id) &&
+        LogTimeEntry* entry = times->get();
+        if (entry->isWatching(id) &&
             (!oldest || (oldest->mStart > entry->mStart) ||
              ((oldest->mStart == entry->mStart) &&
               (entry->mTimeout.tv_sec || entry->mTimeout.tv_nsec)))) {
@@ -1052,9 +1048,9 @@
                 LogTimeEntry::wrlock();
                 LastLogTimes::iterator times = mTimes.begin();
                 while (times != mTimes.end()) {
-                    LogTimeEntry* entry = (*times);
+                    LogTimeEntry* entry = times->get();
                     // Killer punch
-                    if (entry->owned_Locked() && entry->isWatching(id)) {
+                    if (entry->isWatching(id)) {
                         entry->release_Locked();
                     }
                     times++;
diff --git a/logd/LogBufferElement.cpp b/logd/LogBufferElement.cpp
index 19e6d68..2fd9f95 100644
--- a/logd/LogBufferElement.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogBufferElement.cpp
@@ -55,8 +55,19 @@
       mMsgLen(elem.mMsgLen),
       mLogId(elem.mLogId),
       mDropped(elem.mDropped) {
-    mMsg = new char[mMsgLen];
-    memcpy(mMsg, elem.mMsg, mMsgLen);
+    if (mDropped) {
+        if (elem.isBinary() && elem.mMsg != nullptr) {
+            // for the following "len" value, refer to : setDropped(uint16_t value), getTag()
+            const int len = sizeof(android_event_header_t);
+            mMsg = new char[len];
+            memcpy(mMsg, elem.mMsg, len);
+        } else {
+            mMsg = nullptr;
+        }
+    } else {
+        mMsg = new char[mMsgLen];
+        memcpy(mMsg, elem.mMsg, mMsgLen);
+    }
 }
 
 LogBufferElement::~LogBufferElement() {
diff --git a/logd/LogKlog.cpp b/logd/LogKlog.cpp
index e4393a3..edd326a 100644
--- a/logd/LogKlog.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogKlog.cpp
@@ -197,10 +197,9 @@
     // NOTREACHED
 }
 
-log_time LogKlog::correction =
-    (log_time(CLOCK_REALTIME) < log_time(CLOCK_MONOTONIC))
-        ? log_time::EPOCH
-        : (log_time(CLOCK_REALTIME) - log_time(CLOCK_MONOTONIC));
+log_time LogKlog::correction = (log_time(CLOCK_REALTIME) < log_time(CLOCK_MONOTONIC))
+                                       ? log_time(log_time::EPOCH)
+                                       : (log_time(CLOCK_REALTIME) - log_time(CLOCK_MONOTONIC));
 
 LogKlog::LogKlog(LogBuffer* buf, LogReader* reader, int fdWrite, int fdRead,
                  bool auditd)
@@ -268,7 +267,7 @@
     static const char real_format[] = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%09q UTC";
     if (len < (ssize_t)(strlen(real_format) + 5)) return;
 
-    log_time real;
+    log_time real(log_time::EPOCH);
     const char* ep = real.strptime(real_string, real_format);
     if (!ep || (ep > &real_string[len]) || (real > log_time(CLOCK_REALTIME))) {
         return;
@@ -282,20 +281,20 @@
     tm.tm_isdst = -1;
     localtime_r(&now, &tm);
     if ((tm.tm_gmtoff < 0) && ((-tm.tm_gmtoff) > (long)real.tv_sec)) {
-        real = log_time::EPOCH;
+        real = log_time(log_time::EPOCH);
     } else {
         real.tv_sec += tm.tm_gmtoff;
     }
     if (monotonic > real) {
-        correction = log_time::EPOCH;
+        correction = log_time(log_time::EPOCH);
     } else {
         correction = real - monotonic;
     }
 }
 
-void LogKlog::sniffTime(log_time& now, const char*& buf, ssize_t len,
-                        bool reverse) {
-    if (len <= 0) return;
+log_time LogKlog::sniffTime(const char*& buf, ssize_t len, bool reverse) {
+    log_time now(log_time::EPOCH);
+    if (len <= 0) return now;
 
     const char* cp = nullptr;
     if ((len > 10) && (*buf == '[')) {
@@ -310,7 +309,7 @@
         }
         buf = cp;
 
-        if (isMonotonic()) return;
+        if (isMonotonic()) return now;
 
         const char* b;
         if (((b = android::strnstr(cp, len, suspendStr))) &&
@@ -329,11 +328,11 @@
             //     trigger a check for ntp-induced or hardware clock drift.
             log_time real(CLOCK_REALTIME);
             log_time mono(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
-            correction = (real < mono) ? log_time::EPOCH : (real - mono);
+            correction = (real < mono) ? log_time(log_time::EPOCH) : (real - mono);
         } else if (((b = android::strnstr(cp, len, suspendedStr))) &&
                    (((b += strlen(suspendStr)) - cp) < len)) {
             len -= b - cp;
-            log_time real;
+            log_time real(log_time::EPOCH);
             char* endp;
             real.tv_sec = strtol(b, &endp, 10);
             if ((*endp == '.') && ((endp - b) < len)) {
@@ -345,7 +344,7 @@
                 }
                 if (reverse) {
                     if (real > correction) {
-                        correction = log_time::EPOCH;
+                        correction = log_time(log_time::EPOCH);
                     } else {
                         correction -= real;
                     }
@@ -363,6 +362,7 @@
             now = log_time(CLOCK_REALTIME);
         }
     }
+    return now;
 }
 
 pid_t LogKlog::sniffPid(const char*& buf, ssize_t len) {
@@ -451,8 +451,7 @@
     }
     parseKernelPrio(cp, len - (cp - buf));
 
-    log_time now;
-    sniffTime(now, cp, len - (cp - buf), true);
+    log_time now = sniffTime(cp, len - (cp - buf), true);
 
     const char* suspended = android::strnstr(buf, len, suspendedStr);
     if (!suspended || (suspended > cp)) {
@@ -468,16 +467,14 @@
     }
     parseKernelPrio(cp, len - (cp - buf));
 
-    sniffTime(now, cp, len - (cp - buf), true);
+    sniffTime(cp, len - (cp - buf), true);
 }
 
 // Convert kernel log priority number into an Android Logger priority number
 static int convertKernelPrioToAndroidPrio(int pri) {
     switch (pri & LOG_PRIMASK) {
         case LOG_EMERG:
-        // FALLTHRU
         case LOG_ALERT:
-        // FALLTHRU
         case LOG_CRIT:
             return ANDROID_LOG_FATAL;
 
@@ -488,9 +485,7 @@
             return ANDROID_LOG_WARN;
 
         default:
-        // FALLTHRU
         case LOG_NOTICE:
-        // FALLTHRU
         case LOG_INFO:
             break;
 
@@ -552,8 +547,7 @@
     const char* p = buf;
     int pri = parseKernelPrio(p, len);
 
-    log_time now;
-    sniffTime(now, p, len - (p - buf), false);
+    log_time now = sniffTime(p, len - (p - buf), false);
 
     // sniff for start marker
     const char* start = android::strnstr(p, len - (p - buf), klogdStr);
diff --git a/logd/LogKlog.h b/logd/LogKlog.h
index bb92dd2..6bfd6a8 100644
--- a/logd/LogKlog.h
+++ b/logd/LogKlog.h
@@ -55,11 +55,10 @@
     }
 
    protected:
-    void sniffTime(log_time& now, const char*& buf, ssize_t len, bool reverse);
-    pid_t sniffPid(const char*& buf, ssize_t len);
-    void calculateCorrection(const log_time& monotonic, const char* real_string,
-                             ssize_t len);
-    virtual bool onDataAvailable(SocketClient* cli);
+     log_time sniffTime(const char*& buf, ssize_t len, bool reverse);
+     pid_t sniffPid(const char*& buf, ssize_t len);
+     void calculateCorrection(const log_time& monotonic, const char* real_string, ssize_t len);
+     virtual bool onDataAvailable(SocketClient* cli);
 };
 
 #endif
diff --git a/logd/LogReader.cpp b/logd/LogReader.cpp
index 2b6556d..9db8c00 100644
--- a/logd/LogReader.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogReader.cpp
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
     runOnEachSocket(&command);
 }
 
+// Note returning false will release the SocketClient instance.
 bool LogReader::onDataAvailable(SocketClient* cli) {
     static bool name_set;
     if (!name_set) {
@@ -57,6 +58,18 @@
     }
     buffer[len] = '\0';
 
+    // Clients are only allowed to send one command, disconnect them if they
+    // send another.
+    LogTimeEntry::wrlock();
+    for (const auto& entry : mLogbuf.mTimes) {
+        if (entry->mClient == cli) {
+            entry->release_Locked();
+            LogTimeEntry::unlock();
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    LogTimeEntry::unlock();
+
     unsigned long tail = 0;
     static const char _tail[] = " tail=";
     char* cp = strstr(buffer, _tail);
@@ -199,14 +212,29 @@
         cli->getUid(), cli->getGid(), cli->getPid(), nonBlock ? 'n' : 'b', tail,
         logMask, (int)pid, sequence.nsec(), timeout);
 
-    FlushCommand command(*this, nonBlock, tail, logMask, pid, sequence, timeout);
+    if (sequence == log_time::EPOCH) {
+        timeout = 0;
+    }
+
+    LogTimeEntry::wrlock();
+    auto entry = std::make_unique<LogTimeEntry>(
+        *this, cli, nonBlock, tail, logMask, pid, sequence, timeout);
+    if (!entry->startReader_Locked()) {
+        LogTimeEntry::unlock();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // release client and entry reference counts once done
+    cli->incRef();
+    mLogbuf.mTimes.emplace_front(std::move(entry));
 
     // Set acceptable upper limit to wait for slow reader processing b/27242723
     struct timeval t = { LOGD_SNDTIMEO, 0 };
     setsockopt(cli->getSocket(), SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, (const char*)&t,
                sizeof(t));
 
-    command.runSocketCommand(cli);
+    LogTimeEntry::unlock();
+
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -215,9 +243,8 @@
     LogTimeEntry::wrlock();
     LastLogTimes::iterator it = times.begin();
     while (it != times.end()) {
-        LogTimeEntry* entry = (*it);
+        LogTimeEntry* entry = it->get();
         if (entry->mClient == cli) {
-            times.erase(it);
             entry->release_Locked();
             break;
         }
diff --git a/logd/LogStatistics.h b/logd/LogStatistics.h
index d6b8ab3..469f6dc 100644
--- a/logd/LogStatistics.h
+++ b/logd/LogStatistics.h
@@ -531,7 +531,7 @@
         name = std::string_view(alloc->c_str(), alloc->size());
     }
 
-    explicit TagNameKey(TagNameKey&& rval)
+    explicit TagNameKey(TagNameKey&& rval) noexcept
         : alloc(rval.alloc), name(rval.name.data(), rval.name.length()) {
         rval.alloc = nullptr;
     }
diff --git a/logd/LogTags.cpp b/logd/LogTags.cpp
index 1ab9dd1..f19e7b0 100644
--- a/logd/LogTags.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogTags.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <log/log_event_list.h>
 #include <log/log_properties.h>
@@ -38,6 +39,8 @@
 #include "LogTags.h"
 #include "LogUtils.h"
 
+using android::base::make_scope_guard;
+
 static LogTags* logtags;
 
 const char LogTags::system_event_log_tags[] = "/system/etc/event-log-tags";
@@ -316,27 +319,29 @@
         std::string Format;
         android_log_list_element elem;
         {
-            android_log_event_list ctx(log_msg);
-            elem = ctx.read();
+            auto ctx = create_android_log_parser(log_msg.msg() + sizeof(uint32_t),
+                                                 log_msg.entry.len - sizeof(uint32_t));
+            auto guard = make_scope_guard([&ctx]() { android_log_destroy(&ctx); });
+            elem = android_log_read_next(ctx);
             if (elem.type != EVENT_TYPE_LIST) {
                 continue;
             }
-            elem = ctx.read();
+            elem = android_log_read_next(ctx);
             if (elem.type != EVENT_TYPE_INT) {
                 continue;
             }
             Tag = elem.data.int32;
-            elem = ctx.read();
+            elem = android_log_read_next(ctx);
             if (elem.type != EVENT_TYPE_STRING) {
                 continue;
             }
             Name = std::string(elem.data.string, elem.len);
-            elem = ctx.read();
+            elem = android_log_read_next(ctx);
             if (elem.type != EVENT_TYPE_STRING) {
                 continue;
             }
             Format = std::string(elem.data.string, elem.len);
-            elem = ctx.read();
+            elem = android_log_read_next(ctx);
         }
         if ((elem.type != EVENT_TYPE_LIST_STOP) || !elem.complete) continue;
 
@@ -524,10 +529,22 @@
     tag2format_const_iterator iform = tag2format.find(tag);
     std::string Format = (iform != tag2format.end()) ? iform->second : "";
 
-    __android_log_event_list ctx(TAG_DEF_LOG_TAG);
-    ctx << tag << Name << Format;
-    std::string buffer(ctx);
-    if (buffer.length() <= 0) return;  // unlikely
+    auto ctx = create_android_logger(TAG_DEF_LOG_TAG);
+    auto guard = make_scope_guard([&ctx]() { android_log_destroy(&ctx); });
+    if (android_log_write_int32(ctx, static_cast<int32_t>(tag) < 0) ||
+        android_log_write_string8_len(ctx, Name.c_str(), Name.size()) < 0 ||
+        android_log_write_string8_len(ctx, Format.c_str(), Format.size()) < 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const char* cp = nullptr;
+    ssize_t len = android_log_write_list_buffer(ctx, &cp);
+
+    if (len <= 0 || cp == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::string buffer(cp, len);
 
     /*
      *  struct {
diff --git a/logd/LogTimes.cpp b/logd/LogTimes.cpp
index 7a6f84b..208d67f 100644
--- a/logd/LogTimes.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogTimes.cpp
@@ -30,11 +30,7 @@
 LogTimeEntry::LogTimeEntry(LogReader& reader, SocketClient* client,
                            bool nonBlock, unsigned long tail, log_mask_t logMask,
                            pid_t pid, log_time start, uint64_t timeout)
-    : mRefCount(1),
-      mRelease(false),
-      mError(false),
-      threadRunning(false),
-      leadingDropped(false),
+    : leadingDropped(false),
       mReader(reader),
       mLogMask(logMask),
       mPid(pid),
@@ -52,65 +48,21 @@
     cleanSkip_Locked();
 }
 
-void LogTimeEntry::startReader_Locked(void) {
+bool LogTimeEntry::startReader_Locked() {
     pthread_attr_t attr;
 
-    threadRunning = true;
-
     if (!pthread_attr_init(&attr)) {
         if (!pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED)) {
             if (!pthread_create(&mThread, &attr, LogTimeEntry::threadStart,
                                 this)) {
                 pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
-                return;
+                return true;
             }
         }
         pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
     }
-    threadRunning = false;
-    if (mClient) {
-        mClient->decRef();
-    }
-    decRef_Locked();
-}
 
-void LogTimeEntry::threadStop(void* obj) {
-    LogTimeEntry* me = reinterpret_cast<LogTimeEntry*>(obj);
-
-    wrlock();
-
-    if (me->mNonBlock) {
-        me->error_Locked();
-    }
-
-    SocketClient* client = me->mClient;
-
-    if (me->isError_Locked()) {
-        LogReader& reader = me->mReader;
-        LastLogTimes& times = reader.logbuf().mTimes;
-
-        LastLogTimes::iterator it = times.begin();
-        while (it != times.end()) {
-            if (*it == me) {
-                times.erase(it);
-                me->release_nodelete_Locked();
-                break;
-            }
-            it++;
-        }
-
-        me->mClient = nullptr;
-        reader.release(client);
-    }
-
-    if (client) {
-        client->decRef();
-    }
-
-    me->threadRunning = false;
-    me->decRef_Locked();
-
-    unlock();
+    return false;
 }
 
 void* LogTimeEntry::threadStart(void* obj) {
@@ -118,13 +70,7 @@
 
     LogTimeEntry* me = reinterpret_cast<LogTimeEntry*>(obj);
 
-    pthread_cleanup_push(threadStop, obj);
-
     SocketClient* client = me->mClient;
-    if (!client) {
-        me->error();
-        return nullptr;
-    }
 
     LogBuffer& logbuf = me->mReader.logbuf();
 
@@ -137,14 +83,14 @@
 
     log_time start = me->mStart;
 
-    while (me->threadRunning && !me->isError_Locked()) {
+    while (!me->mRelease) {
         if (me->mTimeout.tv_sec || me->mTimeout.tv_nsec) {
             if (pthread_cond_timedwait(&me->threadTriggeredCondition,
                                        &timesLock, &me->mTimeout) == ETIMEDOUT) {
                 me->mTimeout.tv_sec = 0;
                 me->mTimeout.tv_nsec = 0;
             }
-            if (!me->threadRunning || me->isError_Locked()) {
+            if (me->mRelease) {
                 break;
             }
         }
@@ -162,13 +108,12 @@
         wrlock();
 
         if (start == LogBufferElement::FLUSH_ERROR) {
-            me->error_Locked();
             break;
         }
 
         me->mStart = start + log_time(0, 1);
 
-        if (me->mNonBlock || !me->threadRunning || me->isError_Locked()) {
+        if (me->mNonBlock || me->mRelease) {
             break;
         }
 
@@ -179,9 +124,21 @@
         }
     }
 
-    unlock();
+    LogReader& reader = me->mReader;
+    reader.release(client);
 
-    pthread_cleanup_pop(true);
+    client->decRef();
+
+    LastLogTimes& times = reader.logbuf().mTimes;
+    auto it =
+        std::find_if(times.begin(), times.end(),
+                     [&me](const auto& other) { return other.get() == me; });
+
+    if (it != times.end()) {
+        times.erase(it);
+    }
+
+    unlock();
 
     return nullptr;
 }
@@ -247,7 +204,7 @@
         goto skip;
     }
 
-    if (me->isError_Locked()) {
+    if (me->mRelease) {
         goto stop;
     }
 
diff --git a/logd/LogTimes.h b/logd/LogTimes.h
index 76d016c..9f6f203 100644
--- a/logd/LogTimes.h
+++ b/logd/LogTimes.h
@@ -18,10 +18,12 @@
 #define _LOGD_LOG_TIMES_H__
 
 #include <pthread.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <time.h>
 
 #include <list>
+#include <memory>
 
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <sysutils/SocketClient.h>
@@ -33,16 +35,12 @@
 
 class LogTimeEntry {
     static pthread_mutex_t timesLock;
-    unsigned int mRefCount;
-    bool mRelease;
-    bool mError;
-    bool threadRunning;
+    bool mRelease = false;
     bool leadingDropped;
     pthread_cond_t threadTriggeredCondition;
     pthread_t mThread;
     LogReader& mReader;
     static void* threadStart(void* me);
-    static void threadStop(void* me);
     const log_mask_t mLogMask;
     const pid_t mPid;
     unsigned int skipAhead[LOG_ID_MAX];
@@ -73,11 +71,8 @@
         pthread_mutex_unlock(&timesLock);
     }
 
-    void startReader_Locked(void);
+    bool startReader_Locked();
 
-    bool runningReader_Locked(void) const {
-        return threadRunning || mRelease || mError || mNonBlock;
-    }
     void triggerReader_Locked(void) {
         pthread_cond_signal(&threadTriggeredCondition);
     }
@@ -87,54 +82,13 @@
     }
     void cleanSkip_Locked(void);
 
-    // These called after LogTimeEntry removed from list, lock implicitly held
-    void release_nodelete_Locked(void) {
-        mRelease = true;
-        pthread_cond_signal(&threadTriggeredCondition);
-        // assumes caller code path will call decRef_Locked()
-    }
-
     void release_Locked(void) {
+        // gracefully shut down the socket.
+        shutdown(mClient->getSocket(), SHUT_RDWR);
         mRelease = true;
         pthread_cond_signal(&threadTriggeredCondition);
-        if (mRefCount || threadRunning) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // No one else is holding a reference to this
-        delete this;
     }
 
-    // Called to mark socket in jeopardy
-    void error_Locked(void) {
-        mError = true;
-    }
-    void error(void) {
-        wrlock();
-        error_Locked();
-        unlock();
-    }
-
-    bool isError_Locked(void) const {
-        return mRelease || mError;
-    }
-
-    // Mark Used
-    //  Locking implied, grabbed when protection around loop iteration
-    void incRef_Locked(void) {
-        ++mRefCount;
-    }
-
-    bool owned_Locked(void) const {
-        return mRefCount != 0;
-    }
-
-    void decRef_Locked(void) {
-        if ((mRefCount && --mRefCount) || !mRelease || threadRunning) {
-            return;
-        }
-        // No one else is holding a reference to this
-        delete this;
-    }
     bool isWatching(log_id_t id) const {
         return mLogMask & (1 << id);
     }
@@ -146,6 +100,6 @@
     static int FilterSecondPass(const LogBufferElement* element, void* me);
 };
 
-typedef std::list<LogTimeEntry*> LastLogTimes;
+typedef std::list<std::unique_ptr<LogTimeEntry>> LastLogTimes;
 
 #endif  // _LOGD_LOG_TIMES_H__
diff --git a/logd/main.cpp b/logd/main.cpp
index 8c38d9a..fd3cdf8 100644
--- a/logd/main.cpp
+++ b/logd/main.cpp
@@ -38,12 +38,12 @@
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <cutils/android_get_control_file.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
-#include <cutils/sched_policy.h>
 #include <cutils/sockets.h>
 #include <log/event_tag_map.h>
 #include <packagelistparser/packagelistparser.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 #include <private/android_logger.h>
+#include <processgroup/sched_policy.h>
 #include <utils/threads.h>
 
 #include "CommandListener.h"
diff --git a/logd/tests/Android.bp b/logd/tests/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83a194f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/logd/tests/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+//
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Unit tests.
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+cc_defaults {
+    name: "logd-unit-test-defaults",
+
+    cflags: [
+        "-fstack-protector-all",
+        "-g",
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Wextra",
+        "-Werror",
+        "-fno-builtin",
+
+        "-DAUDITD_LOG_TAG=1003",
+        "-DCHATTY_LOG_TAG=1004",
+    ],
+
+    srcs: ["logd_test.cpp"],
+
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libbase",
+        "libcutils",
+        "libselinux",
+    ],
+    static_libs: ["liblog"],
+}
+
+// Build tests for the logger. Run with:
+//   adb shell /data/nativetest/logd-unit-tests/logd-unit-tests
+cc_test {
+    name: "logd-unit-tests",
+    defaults: ["logd-unit-test-defaults"],
+}
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "CtsLogdTestCases",
+    defaults: ["logd-unit-test-defaults"],
+    multilib: {
+        lib32: {
+            suffix: "32",
+        },
+        lib64: {
+            suffix: "64",
+        },
+    },
+    test_suites: [
+        "cts",
+        "vts",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/logd/tests/Android.mk b/logd/tests/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index a0875ea..0000000
--- a/logd/tests/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
-
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Benchmarks. (see ../../liblog/tests)
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-test_module_prefix := logd-
-test_tags := tests
-
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Unit tests.
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-event_flag := -DAUDITD_LOG_TAG=1003 -DCHATTY_LOG_TAG=1004
-
-test_c_flags := \
-    -fstack-protector-all \
-    -g \
-    -Wall -Wextra \
-    -Werror \
-    -fno-builtin \
-    $(event_flag)
-
-test_src_files := \
-    logd_test.cpp
-
-# Build tests for the logger. Run with:
-#   adb shell /data/nativetest/logd-unit-tests/logd-unit-tests
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := $(test_module_prefix)unit-tests
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := $(test_tags)
-LOCAL_CFLAGS += $(test_c_flags)
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libbase libcutils liblog libselinux
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(test_src_files)
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
-
-cts_executable := CtsLogdTestCases
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := $(cts_executable)
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-LOCAL_CFLAGS += $(test_c_flags)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(test_src_files)
-LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_DATA)/nativetest
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-LOCAL_MODULE_STEM_32 := $(LOCAL_MODULE)32
-LOCAL_MODULE_STEM_64 := $(LOCAL_MODULE)64
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libbase libcutils liblog libselinux
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libgtest libgtest_main
-LOCAL_COMPATIBILITY_SUITE := cts vts
-LOCAL_CTS_TEST_PACKAGE := android.core.logd
-include $(BUILD_CTS_EXECUTABLE)
-
-ifeq ($(HOST_OS)-$(HOST_ARCH),$(filter $(HOST_OS)-$(HOST_ARCH),linux-x86 linux-x86_64))
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := $(cts_executable)_list
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := $(test_c_flags) -DHOST
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := external/gtest/include
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(test_src_files)
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-LOCAL_MODULE_STEM_32 := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
-LOCAL_MODULE_STEM_64 := $(LOCAL_MODULE)64
-LOCAL_CXX_STL := libc++
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libbase libcutils liblog
-LOCAL_ADDITIONAL_DEPENDENCIES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/Android.mk
-include $(BUILD_HOST_NATIVE_TEST)
-
-endif  # ifeq ($(HOST_OS)-$(HOST_ARCH),$(filter $(HOST_OS)-$(HOST_ARCH),linux-x86 linux-x86_64))
diff --git a/mkbootimg/Android.bp b/mkbootimg/Android.bp
index 576a677..c3cf746 100644
--- a/mkbootimg/Android.bp
+++ b/mkbootimg/Android.bp
@@ -31,3 +31,34 @@
     header_libs: ["libmkbootimg_abi_headers"],
     export_header_lib_headers: ["libmkbootimg_abi_headers"],
 }
+
+python_defaults {
+    name: "mkbootimg_defaults",
+
+    version: {
+        py2: {
+            enabled: true,
+            embedded_launcher: true,
+        },
+        py3: {
+            enabled: false,
+            embedded_launcher: false,
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+python_binary_host {
+    name: "mkbootimg",
+    defaults: ["mkbootimg_defaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "mkbootimg.py",
+    ],
+}
+
+python_binary_host {
+    name: "unpack_bootimg",
+    defaults: ["mkbootimg_defaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "unpack_bootimg.py",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/mkbootimg/Android.mk b/mkbootimg/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 92e1e27..0000000
--- a/mkbootimg/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := mkbootimg
-LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := EXECUTABLES
-LOCAL_IS_HOST_MODULE := true
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := mkbootimg
-
-include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := unpack_bootimg
-LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := EXECUTABLES
-LOCAL_IS_HOST_MODULE := true
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := unpack_bootimg
-
-include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
diff --git a/mkbootimg/include/bootimg/bootimg.h b/mkbootimg/include/bootimg/bootimg.h
index bce308b..4432f9e 100644
--- a/mkbootimg/include/bootimg/bootimg.h
+++ b/mkbootimg/include/bootimg/bootimg.h
@@ -110,25 +110,25 @@
  */
 
 struct boot_img_hdr_v1 : public boot_img_hdr_v0 {
-    uint32_t recovery_dtbo_size;   /* size in bytes for recovery DTBO image */
-    uint64_t recovery_dtbo_offset; /* offset to recovery dtbo in boot image */
+    uint32_t recovery_dtbo_size;   /* size in bytes for recovery DTBO/ACPIO image */
+    uint64_t recovery_dtbo_offset; /* offset to recovery dtbo/acpio in boot image */
     uint32_t header_size;
 } __attribute__((packed));
 
 /* When the boot image header has a version of 1, the structure of the boot
  * image is as follows:
  *
- * +-----------------+
- * | boot header     | 1 page
- * +-----------------+
- * | kernel          | n pages
- * +-----------------+
- * | ramdisk         | m pages
- * +-----------------+
- * | second stage    | o pages
- * +-----------------+
- * | recovery dtbo   | p pages
- * +-----------------+
+ * +---------------------+
+ * | boot header         | 1 page
+ * +---------------------+
+ * | kernel              | n pages
+ * +---------------------+
+ * | ramdisk             | m pages
+ * +---------------------+
+ * | second stage        | o pages
+ * +---------------------+
+ * | recovery dtbo/acpio | p pages
+ * +---------------------+
  * n = (kernel_size + page_size - 1) / page_size
  * m = (ramdisk_size + page_size - 1) / page_size
  * o = (second_size + page_size - 1) / page_size
@@ -136,13 +136,14 @@
  *
  * 0. all entities are page_size aligned in flash
  * 1. kernel and ramdisk are required (size != 0)
- * 2. recovery_dtbo is required for recovery.img in non-A/B devices(recovery_dtbo_size != 0)
+ * 2. recovery_dtbo/recovery_acpio is required for recovery.img in non-A/B
+ *    devices(recovery_dtbo_size != 0)
  * 3. second is optional (second_size == 0 -> no second)
  * 4. load each element (kernel, ramdisk, second) at
  *    the specified physical address (kernel_addr, etc)
- * 5. If booting to recovery mode in a non-A/B device, extract recovery dtbo and
- *    apply the correct set of overlays on the base device tree depending on the
- *    hardware/product revision.
+ * 5. If booting to recovery mode in a non-A/B device, extract recovery
+ *    dtbo/acpio and apply the correct set of overlays on the base device tree
+ *    depending on the hardware/product revision.
  * 6. prepare tags at tag_addr.  kernel_args[] is
  *    appended to the kernel commandline in the tags.
  * 7. r0 = 0, r1 = MACHINE_TYPE, r2 = tags_addr
diff --git a/mkbootimg/mkbootimg b/mkbootimg/mkbootimg.py
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
similarity index 95%
rename from mkbootimg/mkbootimg
rename to mkbootimg/mkbootimg.py
index fda9af0..2eb2bab
--- a/mkbootimg/mkbootimg
+++ b/mkbootimg/mkbootimg.py
@@ -161,7 +161,10 @@
                         required=True)
     parser.add_argument('--ramdisk', help='path to the ramdisk', type=FileType('rb'))
     parser.add_argument('--second', help='path to the 2nd bootloader', type=FileType('rb'))
-    parser.add_argument('--recovery_dtbo', help='path to the recovery DTBO', type=FileType('rb'))
+    recovery_dtbo_group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    recovery_dtbo_group.add_argument('--recovery_dtbo', help='path to the recovery DTBO', type=FileType('rb'))
+    recovery_dtbo_group.add_argument('--recovery_acpio', help='path to the recovery ACPIO',
+                                     type=FileType('rb'), metavar='RECOVERY_ACPIO', dest='recovery_dtbo')
     parser.add_argument('--cmdline', help='extra arguments to be passed on the '
                         'kernel command line', default='', action=ValidateStrLenAction, maxlen=1536)
     parser.add_argument('--base', help='base address', type=parse_int, default=0x10000000)
diff --git a/mkbootimg/unpack_bootimg b/mkbootimg/unpack_bootimg.py
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
similarity index 100%
rename from mkbootimg/unpack_bootimg
rename to mkbootimg/unpack_bootimg.py
diff --git a/property_service/libpropertyinfoparser/Android.bp b/property_service/libpropertyinfoparser/Android.bp
index 70f6faa..5c57d69 100644
--- a/property_service/libpropertyinfoparser/Android.bp
+++ b/property_service/libpropertyinfoparser/Android.bp
@@ -12,5 +12,7 @@
         "-Werror",
     ],
     stl: "none",
+    system_shared_libs: [],
+    header_libs: ["libc_headers"],
     export_include_dirs: ["include"],
 }
diff --git a/rootdir/Android.mk b/rootdir/Android.mk
index 07f0797..85c7e9e 100644
--- a/rootdir/Android.mk
+++ b/rootdir/Android.mk
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)
 
+# The init symlink must be a post install command of a file that is to TARGET_ROOT_OUT.
+# Since init.rc is required for init and satisfies that requirement, we hijack it to create the symlink.
+LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD := ln -sf /system/bin/init $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/init
+
 include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
 
 #######################################
@@ -18,7 +22,6 @@
 LOCAL_MODULE := init-debug.rc
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := debug
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_ETC)/init
 
 include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
@@ -67,6 +70,13 @@
   LOCAL_REQUIRED_MODULES := asan.options $(ASAN_OPTIONS_FILES) $(ASAN_EXTRACT_FILES)
 endif
 
+EXPORT_GLOBAL_HWASAN_OPTIONS :=
+ifneq ($(filter hwaddress,$(SANITIZE_TARGET)),)
+  ifneq ($(HWADDRESS_SANITIZER_GLOBAL_OPTIONS),)
+    EXPORT_GLOBAL_HWASAN_OPTIONS := export HWASAN_OPTIONS $(HWADDRESS_SANITIZER_GLOBAL_OPTIONS)
+  endif
+endif
+
 EXPORT_GLOBAL_GCOV_OPTIONS :=
 ifeq ($(NATIVE_COVERAGE),true)
   EXPORT_GLOBAL_GCOV_OPTIONS := export GCOV_PREFIX /data/misc/gcov
@@ -77,7 +87,7 @@
 #
 # create some directories (some are mount points) and symlinks
 LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD := mkdir -p $(addprefix $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/, \
-    sbin dev proc sys system data odm oem acct config storage mnt $(BOARD_ROOT_EXTRA_FOLDERS)); \
+    sbin dev proc sys system data odm oem acct config storage mnt apex $(BOARD_ROOT_EXTRA_FOLDERS)); \
     ln -sf /system/bin $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/bin; \
     ln -sf /system/etc $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/etc; \
     ln -sf /data/user_de/0/com.android.shell/files/bugreports $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/bugreports; \
@@ -117,6 +127,7 @@
 LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD += ; ln -sf /vendor/odm/lib64 $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/odm/lib64
 LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD += ; ln -sf /vendor/odm/overlay $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/odm/overlay
 LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD += ; ln -sf /vendor/odm/priv-app $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/odm/priv-app
+LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD += ; ln -sf /vendor/odm/usr $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/odm/usr
 
 ifdef BOARD_CACHEIMAGE_FILE_SYSTEM_TYPE
   LOCAL_POST_INSTALL_CMD += ; mkdir -p $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)/cache
@@ -138,22 +149,14 @@
 
 include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/base_rules.mk
 
-# Regenerate init.environ.rc if PRODUCT_BOOTCLASSPATH has changed.
-bcp_md5 := $(word 1, $(shell echo $(PRODUCT_BOOTCLASSPATH) $(PRODUCT_SYSTEM_SERVER_CLASSPATH) | $(MD5SUM)))
-bcp_dep := $(intermediates)/$(bcp_md5).bcp.dep
-$(bcp_dep) :
-	$(hide) mkdir -p $(dir $@) && rm -rf $(dir $@)*.bcp.dep && touch $@
-
-$(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): $(LOCAL_PATH)/init.environ.rc.in $(bcp_dep)
+$(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): $(LOCAL_PATH)/init.environ.rc.in
 	@echo "Generate: $< -> $@"
 	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
 	$(hide) sed -e 's?%BOOTCLASSPATH%?$(PRODUCT_BOOTCLASSPATH)?g' $< >$@
 	$(hide) sed -i -e 's?%SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH%?$(PRODUCT_SYSTEM_SERVER_CLASSPATH)?g' $@
 	$(hide) sed -i -e 's?%EXPORT_GLOBAL_ASAN_OPTIONS%?$(EXPORT_GLOBAL_ASAN_OPTIONS)?g' $@
 	$(hide) sed -i -e 's?%EXPORT_GLOBAL_GCOV_OPTIONS%?$(EXPORT_GLOBAL_GCOV_OPTIONS)?g' $@
-
-bcp_md5 :=
-bcp_dep :=
+	$(hide) sed -i -e 's?%EXPORT_GLOBAL_HWASAN_OPTIONS%?$(EXPORT_GLOBAL_HWASAN_OPTIONS)?g' $@
 
 # Append PLATFORM_VNDK_VERSION to base name.
 define append_vndk_version
@@ -206,6 +209,7 @@
 LOCAL_MODULE_STEM := $(call append_vndk_version,$(LOCAL_MODULE))
 include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/base_rules.mk
 ld_config_template := $(LOCAL_PATH)/etc/ld.config.txt
+check_backward_compatibility := true
 vndk_version := $(PLATFORM_VNDK_VERSION)
 include $(LOCAL_PATH)/update_and_install_ld_config.mk
 
@@ -243,6 +247,7 @@
 LOCAL_MODULE_STEM := $$(LOCAL_MODULE)
 include $(BUILD_SYSTEM)/base_rules.mk
 ld_config_template := $(LOCAL_PATH)/etc/ld.config.txt
+check_backward_compatibility := true
 vndk_version := $(1)
 lib_list_from_prebuilts := true
 include $(LOCAL_PATH)/update_and_install_ld_config.mk
diff --git a/rootdir/OWNERS b/rootdir/OWNERS
index 6029ae7..ca22eb8 100644
--- a/rootdir/OWNERS
+++ b/rootdir/OWNERS
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+ccross@google.com
 jeffv@google.com
 jiyong@google.com
 smoreland@google.com
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt
index ca6aafe..461184a 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt
@@ -6,35 +6,40 @@
 
 # All binaries gets the same configuration 'legacy'
 dir.legacy = /system
+dir.legacy = /product
 dir.legacy = /vendor
 dir.legacy = /odm
 dir.legacy = /sbin
 
-# Except for /postinstall, where only /system is searched
+# Except for /postinstall, where only /system and /product are searched
 dir.postinstall = /postinstall
 
 [legacy]
 namespace.default.isolated = false
 
 namespace.default.search.paths  = /system/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths += /product/${LIB}
 namespace.default.search.paths += /vendor/${LIB}
 namespace.default.search.paths += /odm/${LIB}
 
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths  = /data/asan/system/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /system/${LIB}
-namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/odm/${LIB}
-namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /odm/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/product/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /product/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/vendor/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /vendor/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/odm/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /odm/${LIB}
 
 ###############################################################################
 # Namespace config for binaries under /postinstall.
 # Only one default namespace is defined and it has no directories other than
-# /system/lib in the search paths. This is because linker calls realpath on the
-# search paths and this causes selinux denial if the paths (/vendor, /odm) are
-# not allowed to the poinstall binaries. There is no reason to allow the
-# binaries to access the paths.
+# /system/lib and /product/lib in the search paths. This is because linker
+# calls realpath on the search paths and this causes selinux denial if the
+# paths (/vendor, /odm) are not allowed to the poinstall binaries.
+# There is no reason to allow the binaries to access the paths.
 ###############################################################################
 [postinstall]
 namespace.default.isolated = false
-namespace.default.search.paths = /system/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths  = /system/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths += /product/${LIB}
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt
index f2892f8..3804c86 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.txt
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 dir.system = /system/bin/
 dir.system = /system/xbin/
 dir.system = /%PRODUCT%/bin/
-dir.system = /%PRODUCT_SERVICES%/bin/
 
 dir.vendor = /odm/bin/
 dir.vendor = /vendor/bin/
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@
 dir.postinstall = /postinstall
 
 [system]
-additional.namespaces = sphal,vndk,rs
+additional.namespaces = runtime,conscrypt,media,sphal,vndk,rs
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "default" namespace
@@ -74,13 +73,14 @@
 namespace.default.permitted.paths += /%PRODUCT_SERVICES%/priv-app
 namespace.default.permitted.paths += /data
 namespace.default.permitted.paths += /mnt/expand
+namespace.default.permitted.paths += /apex/com.android.resolv/${LIB}
 
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths  = /data/asan/system/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /system/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/product/${LIB}
-namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /product/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /%PRODUCT%/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/product_services/${LIB}
-namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /product_services/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /%PRODUCT_SERVICES%/${LIB}
 
 namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths  = /data
 namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths += /system/${LIB}/drm
@@ -105,6 +105,58 @@
 namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths += /%PRODUCT_SERVICES%/app
 namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths += /%PRODUCT_SERVICES%/priv-app
 namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths += /mnt/expand
+namespace.default.asan.permitted.paths += /apex/com.android.resolv/${LIB}
+
+# Keep in sync with ld.config.txt in the com.android.runtime APEX.
+namespace.default.links = runtime
+namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs  = libart.so:libartd.so
+namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativebridge.so
+namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativehelper.so
+namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativeloader.so
+
+###############################################################################
+# "runtime" APEX namespace
+#
+# This namespace exposes externally accessible libraries from the Runtime APEX.
+###############################################################################
+namespace.runtime.isolated = true
+
+# Keep in sync with ld.config.txt in the com.android.runtime APEX.
+namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.links = default
+# TODO(b/119867084): Restrict to Bionic dlopen dependencies and PALette library
+# when it exists.
+namespace.runtime.link.default.allow_all_shared_libs = true
+
+###############################################################################
+# "media" APEX namespace
+#
+# This namespace is for libraries within the media APEX.
+###############################################################################
+namespace.media.isolated = true
+namespace.media.visible = true
+
+namespace.media.search.paths = /apex/com.android.media/${LIB}
+
+namespace.media.links = default
+namespace.media.link.default.shared_libs  = %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
+namespace.media.link.default.shared_libs += libandroid.so
+namespace.media.link.default.shared_libs += libbinder_ndk.so
+namespace.media.link.default.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
+
+###############################################################################
+# "conscrypt" APEX namespace
+#
+# This namespace is for libraries within the conscrypt APEX.
+###############################################################################
+namespace.conscrypt.isolated = true
+namespace.conscrypt.visible = true
+
+namespace.conscrypt.search.paths = /apex/com.android.conscrypt/${LIB}
+namespace.conscrypt.links = default
+# TODO(b/119867084): Restrict to Bionic dlopen dependencies and PALette library
+# when it exists.
+namespace.conscrypt.link.default.allow_all_shared_libs = true
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "sphal" namespace
@@ -190,7 +242,7 @@
 
 namespace.rs.links = default,vndk
 
-namespace.rs.link.default.shared_libs  =  %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
+namespace.rs.link.default.shared_libs  = %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
 namespace.rs.link.default.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
 # Private LLNDK libs (e.g. libft2.so) are exceptionally allowed to this
 # namespace because RS framework libs are using them.
@@ -250,6 +302,7 @@
 # Allow VNDK-SP extensions to use vendor libraries
 namespace.vndk.link.sphal.allow_all_shared_libs = true
 
+
 ###############################################################################
 # Namespace config for vendor processes. In O, no restriction is enforced for
 # them. However, in O-MR1, access to /system/${LIB} will not be allowed to
@@ -325,6 +378,7 @@
 # to the system namespace. This is possible since their ABI is stable across
 # Android releases.
 namespace.vndk.links = system,default
+
 namespace.vndk.link.system.shared_libs  = %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
 namespace.vndk.link.system.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
 
@@ -345,15 +399,17 @@
 namespace.system.asan.search.paths  = /data/asan/system/${LIB}
 namespace.system.asan.search.paths +=           /system/${LIB}
 namespace.system.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/product/${LIB}
-namespace.system.asan.search.paths +=           /product/${LIB}
+namespace.system.asan.search.paths +=           /%PRODUCT%/${LIB}
+namespace.system.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/product_services/${LIB}
+namespace.system.asan.search.paths +=           /%PRODUCT_SERVICES%/${LIB}
 
 ###############################################################################
 # Namespace config for binaries under /postinstall.
-# Only one default namespace is defined and it has no directories other than
-# /system/lib in the search paths. This is because linker calls realpath on the
-# search paths and this causes selinux denial if the paths (/vendor, /odm) are
-# not allowed to the poinstall binaries. There is no reason to allow the
-# binaries to access the paths.
+# Only default namespace is defined and default has no directories
+# other than /system/lib in the search paths. This is because linker calls
+# realpath on the search paths and this causes selinux denial if the paths
+# (/vendor, /odm) are not allowed to the postinstall binaries. There is no
+# reason to allow the binaries to access the paths.
 ###############################################################################
 [postinstall]
 namespace.default.isolated = false
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt
index db65c14..2ce25b5 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 # absolute path of an executable is selected.
 dir.system = /system/bin/
 dir.system = /system/xbin/
-dir.system = /product/bin/
+dir.system = /%PRODUCT%/bin/
 
 dir.vendor = /odm/bin/
 dir.vendor = /vendor/bin/
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 dir.postinstall = /postinstall
 
 [system]
-additional.namespaces = sphal,vndk,rs
+additional.namespaces = runtime,conscrypt,media,sphal,vndk,rs
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "default" namespace
@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@
 namespace.default.search.paths  = /system/${LIB}
 namespace.default.search.paths += /odm/${LIB}
 namespace.default.search.paths += /vendor/${LIB}
-namespace.default.search.paths += /product/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths += /%PRODUCT%/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths += /%PRODUCT_SERVICES%/${LIB}
 
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths  = /data/asan/system/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /system/${LIB}
@@ -50,7 +51,59 @@
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/vendor/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /vendor/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/product/${LIB}
-namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /product/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /%PRODUCT%/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/product_services/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /%PRODUCT_SERVICES%/${LIB}
+
+# Keep in sync with ld.config.txt in the com.android.runtime APEX.
+namespace.default.links = runtime
+namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs  = libart.so:libartd.so
+namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativehelper.so
+namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativeloader.so
+
+###############################################################################
+# "runtime" APEX namespace
+#
+# This namespace pulls in externally accessible libs from the Runtime APEX.
+###############################################################################
+namespace.runtime.isolated = true
+
+# Keep in sync with ld.config.txt in the com.android.runtime APEX.
+namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.runtime/${LIB}
+namespace.runtime.links = default
+# TODO(b/119867084): Restrict to Bionic dlopen dependencies and PALette library
+# when it exists.
+namespace.runtime.link.default.allow_all_shared_libs = true
+
+###############################################################################
+# "media" APEX namespace
+#
+# This namespace is for libraries within the media APEX.
+###############################################################################
+namespace.media.isolated = true
+namespace.media.visible = true
+
+namespace.media.search.paths = /apex/com.android.media/${LIB}
+
+namespace.media.links = default
+namespace.media.link.default.shared_libs  = %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
+namespace.media.link.default.shared_libs += libandroid.so
+namespace.media.link.default.shared_libs += libbinder_ndk.so
+namespace.media.link.default.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
+
+###############################################################################
+# "conscrypt" APEX namespace
+#
+# This namespace is for libraries within the conscrypt APEX.
+###############################################################################
+namespace.conscrypt.isolated = true
+namespace.conscrypt.visible = true
+
+namespace.conscrypt.search.paths = /apex/com.android.conscrypt/${LIB}
+namespace.conscrypt.links = default
+# TODO(b/119867084): Restrict to Bionic dlopen dependencies and PALette library
+# when it exists.
+namespace.conscrypt.link.default.allow_all_shared_libs = true
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "sphal" namespace
@@ -136,7 +189,7 @@
 
 namespace.rs.links = default,vndk
 
-namespace.rs.link.default.shared_libs  =  %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
+namespace.rs.link.default.shared_libs  = %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
 namespace.rs.link.default.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
 # Private LLNDK libs (e.g. libft2.so) are exceptionally allowed to this
 # namespace because RS framework libs are using them.
@@ -186,9 +239,11 @@
 # to the default namespace. This is possible since their ABI is stable across
 # Android releases.
 namespace.vndk.links = default
+
 namespace.vndk.link.default.shared_libs  = %LLNDK_LIBRARIES%
 namespace.vndk.link.default.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
 
+
 ###############################################################################
 # Namespace config for vendor processes. In O, no restriction is enforced for
 # them. However, in O-MR1, access to /system/${LIB} will not be allowed to
@@ -205,11 +260,12 @@
 namespace.default.search.paths += /vendor/${LIB}/vndk
 namespace.default.search.paths += /vendor/${LIB}/vndk-sp
 
-# Access to system libraries are allowed
+# Access to system libraries is allowed
 namespace.default.search.paths += /system/${LIB}/vndk%VNDK_VER%
 namespace.default.search.paths += /system/${LIB}/vndk-sp%VNDK_VER%
 namespace.default.search.paths += /system/${LIB}
-namespace.default.search.paths += /product/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths += /%PRODUCT%/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths += /%PRODUCT_SERVICES%/${LIB}
 
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths  = /data/asan/odm/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /odm/${LIB}
@@ -230,17 +286,20 @@
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/system/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /system/${LIB}
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/product/${LIB}
-namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /product/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /%PRODUCT%/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/product_services/${LIB}
+namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /%PRODUCT_SERVICES%/${LIB}
 
 ###############################################################################
 # Namespace config for binaries under /postinstall.
-# Only one default namespace is defined and it has no directories other than
-# /system/lib in the search paths. This is because linker calls realpath on the
-# search paths and this causes selinux denial if the paths (/vendor, /odm) are
-# not allowed to the poinstall binaries. There is no reason to allow the
-# binaries to access the paths.
+# Only default namespace is defined and default has no directories
+# other than /system/lib in the search paths. This is because linker calls
+# realpath on the search paths and this causes selinux denial if the paths
+# (/vendor, /odm) are not allowed to the postinstall binaries. There is no
+# reason to allow the binaries to access the paths.
 ###############################################################################
 [postinstall]
 namespace.default.isolated = false
 namespace.default.search.paths  = /system/${LIB}
-namespace.default.search.paths += /product/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths += /%PRODUCT%/${LIB}
+namespace.default.search.paths += /%PRODUCT_SERVICES%/${LIB}
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.android.txt b/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.android.txt
index e20b95d..d8f6095 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.android.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.android.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # See https://android.googlesource.com/platform/ndk/+/master/docs/PlatformApis.md
 libandroid.so
 libaaudio.so
+libbinder_ndk.so
 libc.so
 libcamera2ndk.so
 libdl.so
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.iot.txt b/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.iot.txt
index ff0813d..20905bf 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.iot.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.iot.txt
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 libandroid.so
 libandroidthings.so
 libaaudio.so
+libbinder_ndk.so
 libc.so
 libcamera2ndk.so
 libdl.so
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.wear.txt b/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.wear.txt
index 3c46094..4ece5b5 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.wear.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.wear.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # See https://android.googlesource.com/platform/ndk/+/master/docs/PlatformApis.md
 libandroid.so
 libaaudio.so
+libbinder_ndk.so
 libc.so
 libcamera2ndk.so
 libdl.so
diff --git a/rootdir/init.environ.rc.in b/rootdir/init.environ.rc.in
index 2e2ab74..d10f7c1 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.environ.rc.in
+++ b/rootdir/init.environ.rc.in
@@ -5,9 +5,11 @@
     export ANDROID_ASSETS /system/app
     export ANDROID_DATA /data
     export ANDROID_STORAGE /storage
+    export ANDROID_RUNTIME_ROOT /apex/com.android.runtime
     export EXTERNAL_STORAGE /sdcard
     export ASEC_MOUNTPOINT /mnt/asec
     export BOOTCLASSPATH %BOOTCLASSPATH%
     export SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH %SYSTEMSERVERCLASSPATH%
     %EXPORT_GLOBAL_ASAN_OPTIONS%
     %EXPORT_GLOBAL_GCOV_OPTIONS%
+    %EXPORT_GLOBAL_HWASAN_OPTIONS%
diff --git a/rootdir/init.rc b/rootdir/init.rc
index 1c2ef64..537bf86 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.rc
+++ b/rootdir/init.rc
@@ -109,6 +109,8 @@
     mkdir /mnt/runtime/read/self 0755 root root
     mkdir /mnt/runtime/write 0755 root root
     mkdir /mnt/runtime/write/self 0755 root root
+    mkdir /mnt/runtime/full 0755 root root
+    mkdir /mnt/runtime/full/self 0755 root root
 
     # Symlink to keep legacy apps working in multi-user world
     symlink /storage/self/primary /sdcard
@@ -269,6 +271,25 @@
     # that they can be chown'd to system:system later on boot
     write /sys/class/leds/vibrator/trigger "transient"
 
+    # This is used by Bionic to select optimized routines.
+    write /dev/cpu_variant:${ro.bionic.arch} ${ro.bionic.cpu_variant}
+    chmod 0444 /dev/cpu_variant:${ro.bionic.arch}
+    write /dev/cpu_variant:${ro.bionic.2nd_arch} ${ro.bionic.2nd_cpu_variant}
+    chmod 0444 /dev/cpu_variant:${ro.bionic.2nd_arch}
+
+    # Setup APEX mount point and its security context
+    mount tmpfs tmpfs /apex nodev noexec nosuid
+    chmod 0755 /apex
+    chown root root /apex
+    restorecon /apex
+
+    # Start logd before any other services run to ensure we capture all of their logs.
+    start logd
+    # Start essential services.
+    start servicemanager
+    start hwservicemanager
+    start vndservicemanager
+
 # Healthd can trigger a full boot from charger mode by signaling this
 # property when the power button is held.
 on property:sys.boot_from_charger_mode=1
@@ -306,12 +327,12 @@
     # /data, which in turn can only be loaded when system properties are present.
     trigger post-fs-data
 
-    # Now we can start zygote for devices with file based encryption
-    trigger zygote-start
-
     # Load persist properties and override properties (if enabled) from /data.
     trigger load_persist_props_action
 
+    # Now we can start zygote for devices with file based encryption
+    trigger zygote-start
+
     # Remove a file to wake up anything waiting for firmware.
     trigger firmware_mounts_complete
 
@@ -319,17 +340,8 @@
     trigger boot
 
 on post-fs
-    # Load properties from
-    #     /system/build.prop,
-    #     /odm/build.prop,
-    #     /vendor/build.prop and
-    #     /factory/factory.prop
-    load_system_props
-    # start essential services
-    start logd
-    start servicemanager
-    start hwservicemanager
-    start vndservicemanager
+    start vold
+    exec - system system -- /system/bin/vdc checkpoint markBootAttempt
 
     # Once everything is setup, no need to modify /.
     # The bind+remount combination allows this to work in containers.
@@ -392,6 +404,10 @@
     class_start early_hal
 
 on post-fs-data
+    # Start checkpoint before we touch data
+    start vold
+    exec - system system -- /system/bin/vdc checkpoint prepareCheckpoint
+
     # We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults
     chown system system /data
     chmod 0771 /data
@@ -399,7 +415,6 @@
     restorecon /data
 
     # Make sure we have the device encryption key.
-    start vold
     installkey /data
 
     # Start bootcharting as soon as possible after the data partition is
@@ -407,6 +422,9 @@
     mkdir /data/bootchart 0755 shell shell
     bootchart start
 
+    # Start apexd as soon as we can
+    start apexd
+
     # Avoid predictable entropy pool. Carry over entropy from previous boot.
     copy /data/system/entropy.dat /dev/urandom
 
@@ -473,6 +491,8 @@
     mkdir /data/misc/profman 0770 system shell
     mkdir /data/misc/gcov 0770 root root
 
+    mkdir /data/preloads 0775 system system
+
     mkdir /data/vendor 0771 root root
     mkdir /data/vendor_ce 0771 root root
     mkdir /data/vendor_de 0771 root root
@@ -520,6 +540,9 @@
 
     mkdir /data/anr 0775 system system
 
+    mkdir /data/apex 0750 root system
+    mkdir /data/staging 0750 system system
+
     # NFC: create data/nfc for nv storage
     mkdir /data/nfc 0770 nfc nfc
     mkdir /data/nfc/param 0770 nfc nfc
@@ -557,8 +580,8 @@
     # Set SELinux security contexts on upgrade or policy update.
     restorecon --recursive --skip-ce /data
 
-    # Check any timezone data in /data is newer than the copy in /system, delete if not.
-    exec - system system -- /system/bin/tzdatacheck /system/usr/share/zoneinfo /data/misc/zoneinfo
+    # Check any timezone data in /data is newer than the copy in the runtime module, delete if not.
+    exec - system system -- /system/bin/tzdatacheck /apex/com.android.runtime/etc/tz /data/misc/zoneinfo
 
     # If there is no post-fs-data action in the init.<device>.rc file, you
     # must uncomment this line, otherwise encrypted filesystems
@@ -781,3 +804,6 @@
 service flash_recovery /system/bin/install-recovery.sh
     class main
     oneshot
+
+on property:apexd.status=ready
+    parse_apex_configs
diff --git a/rootdir/init.zygote32.rc b/rootdir/init.zygote32.rc
index ac87979..2e95687 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.zygote32.rc
+++ b/rootdir/init.zygote32.rc
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
     user root
     group root readproc reserved_disk
     socket zygote stream 660 root system
+    updatable
     onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake
     onrestart write /sys/power/state on
     onrestart restart audioserver
diff --git a/rootdir/init.zygote32_64.rc b/rootdir/init.zygote32_64.rc
index a535846..1cfc3d6 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.zygote32_64.rc
+++ b/rootdir/init.zygote32_64.rc
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
     user root
     group root readproc reserved_disk
     socket zygote stream 660 root system
+    updatable
     onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake
     onrestart write /sys/power/state on
     onrestart restart audioserver
@@ -19,5 +20,6 @@
     user root
     group root readproc reserved_disk
     socket zygote_secondary stream 660 root system
+    updatable
     onrestart restart zygote
     writepid /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks
diff --git a/rootdir/init.zygote64.rc b/rootdir/init.zygote64.rc
index 6fc810b..8ab012d 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.zygote64.rc
+++ b/rootdir/init.zygote64.rc
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
     user root
     group root readproc reserved_disk
     socket zygote stream 660 root system
+    updatable
     onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake
     onrestart write /sys/power/state on
     onrestart restart audioserver
diff --git a/rootdir/init.zygote64_32.rc b/rootdir/init.zygote64_32.rc
index 7ddd52e..5abf149 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.zygote64_32.rc
+++ b/rootdir/init.zygote64_32.rc
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
     user root
     group root readproc reserved_disk
     socket zygote stream 660 root system
+    updatable
     onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake
     onrestart write /sys/power/state on
     onrestart restart audioserver
@@ -19,5 +20,6 @@
     user root
     group root readproc reserved_disk
     socket zygote_secondary stream 660 root system
+    updatable
     onrestart restart zygote
     writepid /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks
diff --git a/rootdir/ld_config_backward_compatibility_check.py b/rootdir/ld_config_backward_compatibility_check.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..1a27578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rootdir/ld_config_backward_compatibility_check.py
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+#
+
+import glob
+import os.path
+import re
+import sys
+
+PREBUILTS_VNDK_DIR = "prebuilts/vndk"
+VENDOR_DIRECTORIES = ('/vendor', '/odm')
+
+def find_latest_vndk_snapshot_version():
+  """Returns latest vndk snapshot version in current source tree.
+  It will skip the test if the snapshot directories are not found.
+
+  Returns:
+    latest_version: string
+  """
+  vndk_dir_list = glob.glob(PREBUILTS_VNDK_DIR + "/v*")
+  if not vndk_dir_list:
+    """Exit without error because we may have source trees that do not include
+    VNDK snapshot directories in it.
+    """
+    sys.exit(0)
+  vndk_ver_list = [re.match(r".*/v(\d+)", vndk_dir).group(1)
+                                          for vndk_dir in vndk_dir_list]
+  latest_version = max(vndk_ver_list)
+  if latest_version == '27':
+    """Exit without error because VNDK v27 is not using ld.config.txt template
+    """
+    sys.exit(0)
+  return latest_version
+
+def get_vendor_configuration(ld_config_file):
+  """Reads the ld.config.txt file to parse the namespace configurations.
+  It finds the configurations that include vendor directories.
+
+  Args:
+    ld_config_file: string, path (relative to build top) of the ld.config.txt
+                    file.
+  Returns:
+    configs: dict{string:[string]}, dictionary of namespace configurations.
+             it has 'section + property' names as keys and the directory list
+             as values.
+  """
+  try:
+    conf_file = open(ld_config_file)
+  except IOError:
+    print("error: could not read %s" % ld_config_file)
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+  configs = dict()
+  current_section = None
+
+  with conf_file:
+    for line in conf_file:
+      # ignore comments
+      found = line.find('#')
+      if found != -1:
+        line = line[:found]
+      line = line.strip()
+      if not line:
+        continue
+
+      if line[0] == '[' and line[-1] == ']':
+        # new section started
+        current_section = line[1:-1]
+        continue
+
+      if current_section == None:
+        continue
+
+      found = line.find('+=')
+      opr_len = 2
+      if found == -1:
+        found = line.find('=')
+        opr_len = 1
+      if found == -1:
+        continue
+
+      namespace = line[:found].strip()
+      if not namespace.endswith(".paths"):
+        # check ".paths" only
+        continue
+      namespace = '[' + current_section + ']' + namespace
+      values = line[found + opr_len:].strip()
+      directories = values.split(':')
+
+      for directory in directories:
+        if any(vendor_dir in directory for vendor_dir in VENDOR_DIRECTORIES):
+          if namespace in configs:
+            configs[namespace].append(directory)
+          else:
+            configs[namespace] = [directory]
+
+  return configs
+
+def get_snapshot_config(version):
+  """Finds the ld.config.{version}.txt file from the VNDK snapshot directory.
+  In the vndk prebuilt directory (prebuilts/vndk/v{version}), it searches
+  {arch}/configs/ld.config.{version}.txt file, where {arch} is one of ('arm64',
+  'arm', 'x86_64', 'x86').
+
+  Args:
+    version: string, the VNDK snapshot version to search.
+  Returns:
+    ld_config_file: string, relative path to ld.config.{version}.txt
+  """
+  arch_list = ('arm64', 'arm', 'x86_64', 'x86')
+  for arch in arch_list:
+    ld_config_file = (PREBUILTS_VNDK_DIR
+                + "/v{0}/{1}/configs/ld.config.{0}.txt".format(version, arch))
+    if os.path.isfile(ld_config_file):
+      return ld_config_file
+  print("error: cannot find ld.config.{0}.txt file in snapshot v{0}"
+                                                        .format(version))
+  sys.exit(1)
+
+def check_backward_compatibility(ld_config, vndk_snapshot_version):
+  """Checks backward compatibility for current ld.config.txt file with the
+  old ld.config.txt file. If any of the vendor directories in the old namespace
+  configurations are missing, the test will fail. It is allowed to have new
+  vendor directories in current ld.config.txt file.
+
+  Args:
+    ld_config: string, relative path to current ld.config.txt file.
+    vndk_snapshot_version: string, the VNDK snapshot version that has an old
+                           ld.config.txt file to compare.
+  Returns:
+    result: bool, True if the current configuration is backward compatible.
+  """
+  current_config = get_vendor_configuration(ld_config)
+  old_config = get_vendor_configuration(
+                                get_snapshot_config(vndk_snapshot_version))
+  for namespace in old_config:
+    if namespace not in current_config:
+      print("error: cannot find %s which was provided in ld.config.%s.txt"
+                                        % (namespace, vndk_snapshot_version))
+      return False
+    for path in old_config[namespace]:
+      if not path in current_config[namespace]:
+        print("error: %s for %s in ld.config.%s.txt are missing in %s"
+                % (path, namespace, vndk_snapshot_version, ld_config))
+        return False
+  return True
+
+def main():
+  if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+    print ("Usage: %s target_ld_config_txt_file_name" % sys.argv[0])
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+  latest_vndk_snapshot_version = find_latest_vndk_snapshot_version()
+  if not check_backward_compatibility(sys.argv[1],
+                                          latest_vndk_snapshot_version):
+    print("error: %s has backward incompatible changes to old "
+          "vendor partition." % sys.argv[1])
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+  # Current ld.config.txt file is backward compatible
+  sys.exit(0)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+  main()
diff --git a/rootdir/ueventd.rc b/rootdir/ueventd.rc
index 2f85dec..451f5ad 100644
--- a/rootdir/ueventd.rc
+++ b/rootdir/ueventd.rc
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 firmware_directories /etc/firmware/ /odm/firmware/ /vendor/firmware/ /firmware/image/
-
-subsystem adf
-    devname uevent_devname
+uevent_socket_rcvbuf_size 16M
 
 subsystem graphics
     devname uevent_devpath
@@ -11,26 +9,10 @@
     devname uevent_devpath
     dirname /dev/dri
 
-subsystem oncrpc
-    devname uevent_devpath
-    dirname /dev/oncrpc
-
-subsystem adsp
-    devname uevent_devpath
-    dirname /dev/adsp
-
-subsystem msm_camera
-    devname uevent_devpath
-    dirname /dev/msm_camera
-
 subsystem input
     devname uevent_devpath
     dirname /dev/input
 
-subsystem mtd
-    devname uevent_devpath
-    dirname /dev/mtd
-
 subsystem sound
     devname uevent_devpath
     dirname /dev/snd
@@ -58,73 +40,24 @@
 
 /dev/pmsg0                0222   root       log
 
-# the msm hw3d client device node is world writable/readable.
-/dev/msm_hw3dc            0666   root       root
-
-# gpu driver for adreno200 is globally accessible
-/dev/kgsl                 0666   root       root
-
 # kms driver for drm based gpu
 /dev/dri/*                0666   root       graphics
 
 # these should not be world writable
-/dev/diag                 0660   radio      radio
-/dev/diag_arm9            0660   radio      radio
-/dev/ttyMSM0              0600   bluetooth  bluetooth
 /dev/uhid                 0660   uhid       uhid
-/dev/uinput               0660   system     bluetooth
-/dev/alarm                0664   system     radio
+/dev/uinput               0660   uhid       uhid
 /dev/rtc0                 0640   system     system
 /dev/tty0                 0660   root       system
 /dev/graphics/*           0660   root       graphics
-/dev/msm_hw3dm            0660   system     graphics
 /dev/input/*              0660   root       input
 /dev/v4l-touch*           0660   root       input
-/dev/eac                  0660   root       audio
-/dev/cam                  0660   root       camera
-/dev/pmem                 0660   system     graphics
-/dev/pmem_adsp*           0660   system     audio
-/dev/pmem_camera*         0660   system     camera
-/dev/oncrpc/*             0660   root       system
-/dev/adsp/*               0660   system     audio
 /dev/snd/*                0660   system     audio
-/dev/mt9t013              0660   system     system
-/dev/msm_camera/*         0660   system     system
-/dev/akm8976_daemon       0640   compass    system
-/dev/akm8976_aot          0640   compass    system
-/dev/akm8973_daemon       0640   compass    system
-/dev/akm8973_aot          0640   compass    system
-/dev/bma150               0640   compass    system
-/dev/cm3602               0640   compass    system
-/dev/akm8976_pffd         0640   compass    system
-/dev/lightsensor          0640   system     system
-/dev/msm_pcm_out*         0660   system     audio
-/dev/msm_pcm_in*          0660   system     audio
-/dev/msm_pcm_ctl*         0660   system     audio
-/dev/msm_snd*             0660   system     audio
-/dev/msm_mp3*             0660   system     audio
-/dev/audience_a1026*      0660   system     audio
-/dev/tpa2018d1*           0660   system     audio
-/dev/msm_audpre           0660   system     audio
-/dev/msm_audio_ctl        0660   system     audio
-/dev/htc-acoustic         0660   system     audio
-/dev/vdec                 0660   system     audio
-/dev/q6venc               0660   system     audio
-/dev/snd/dsp              0660   system     audio
-/dev/snd/dsp1             0660   system     audio
-/dev/snd/mixer            0660   system     audio
-/dev/smd0                 0640   radio      radio
-/dev/qmi                  0640   radio      radio
-/dev/qmi0                 0640   radio      radio
-/dev/qmi1                 0640   radio      radio
-/dev/qmi2                 0640   radio      radio
 /dev/bus/usb/*            0660   root       usb
 /dev/mtp_usb              0660   root       mtp
 /dev/usb_accessory        0660   root       usb
 /dev/tun                  0660   system     vpn
 
 # CDMA radio interface MUX
-/dev/ts0710mux*           0640   radio      radio
 /dev/ppp                  0660   radio      vpn
 
 # sysfs properties
@@ -134,6 +67,3 @@
 /sys/devices/virtual/usb_composite/*   enable      0664  root   system
 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*   cpufreq/scaling_max_freq   0664  system system
 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*   cpufreq/scaling_min_freq   0664  system system
-
-# DVB API device nodes
-/dev/dvb*                 0660   root       system
diff --git a/rootdir/update_and_install_ld_config.mk b/rootdir/update_and_install_ld_config.mk
index 4d6df77..79bed7b 100644
--- a/rootdir/update_and_install_ld_config.mk
+++ b/rootdir/update_and_install_ld_config.mk
@@ -18,10 +18,13 @@
 
 # Read inputs
 ld_config_template := $(strip $(ld_config_template))
+check_backward_compatibility := $(strip $(check_backward_compatibility))
 vndk_version := $(strip $(vndk_version))
 lib_list_from_prebuilts := $(strip $(lib_list_from_prebuilts))
 libz_is_llndk := $(strip $(libz_is_llndk))
 
+compatibility_check_script := \
+  $(LOCAL_PATH)/ld_config_backward_compatibility_check.py
 intermediates_dir := $(call intermediates-dir-for,ETC,$(LOCAL_MODULE))
 library_lists_dir := $(intermediates_dir)
 ifeq ($(lib_list_from_prebuilts),true)
@@ -35,9 +38,11 @@
 
 sanitizer_runtime_libraries := $(call normalize-path-list,$(addsuffix .so,\
   $(ADDRESS_SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARY) \
+  $(HWADDRESS_SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARY) \
   $(UBSAN_RUNTIME_LIBRARY) \
   $(TSAN_RUNTIME_LIBRARY) \
   $(2ND_ADDRESS_SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARY) \
+  $(2ND_HWADDRESS_SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARY) \
   $(2ND_UBSAN_RUNTIME_LIBRARY) \
   $(2ND_TSAN_RUNTIME_LIBRARY)))
 # If BOARD_VNDK_VERSION is not defined, VNDK version suffix will not be used.
@@ -82,11 +87,19 @@
 $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): PRIVATE_SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES := $(sanitizer_runtime_libraries)
 $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): PRIVATE_VNDK_VERSION_SUFFIX := $(vndk_version_suffix)
 $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): PRIVATE_INTERMEDIATES_DIR := $(intermediates_dir)
+$(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): PRIVATE_COMP_CHECK_SCRIPT := $(compatibility_check_script)
 deps := $(llndk_libraries_file) $(vndksp_libraries_file) $(vndkcore_libraries_file) \
   $(vndkprivate_libraries_file)
+ifeq ($(check_backward_compatibility),true)
+deps += $(compatibility_check_script)
+endif
 
 $(LOCAL_BUILT_MODULE): $(ld_config_template) $(deps)
 	@echo "Generate: $< -> $@"
+ifeq ($(check_backward_compatibility),true)
+	@echo "Checking backward compatibility..."
+	$(hide) $(PRIVATE_COMP_CHECK_SCRIPT) $<
+endif
 	@mkdir -p $(dir $@)
 	$(call private-filter-out-private-libs,$(PRIVATE_LLNDK_LIBRARIES_FILE),$(PRIVATE_INTERMEDIATES_DIR)/llndk_filtered)
 	$(hide) sed -e "s?%LLNDK_LIBRARIES%?$$(cat $(PRIVATE_INTERMEDIATES_DIR)/llndk_filtered)?g" $< >$@
@@ -108,9 +121,11 @@
 	$(hide) rm -f $@.bak
 
 ld_config_template :=
+check_backward_compatibility :=
 vndk_version :=
 lib_list_from_prebuilts :=
 libz_is_llndk :=
+compatibility_check_script :=
 intermediates_dir :=
 library_lists_dir :=
 llndk_libraries_file :=
diff --git a/run-as/.clang-format b/run-as/.clang-format
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..fd0645f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/run-as/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../.clang-format-2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/run-as/run-as.cpp b/run-as/run-as.cpp
index d005ecf..8752eef 100644
--- a/run-as/run-as.cpp
+++ b/run-as/run-as.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
 #include <libminijail.h>
 #include <scoped_minijail.h>
 
@@ -129,6 +132,25 @@
   return check_directory(data_path, uid);
 }
 
+std::vector<gid_t> get_supplementary_gids(uid_t userAppId) {
+  std::vector<gid_t> gids;
+  int size = getgroups(0, &gids[0]);
+  if (size < 0) {
+    error(1, errno, "getgroups failed");
+  }
+  gids.resize(size);
+  size = getgroups(size, &gids[0]);
+  if (size != static_cast<int>(gids.size())) {
+    error(1, errno, "getgroups failed");
+  }
+  // Profile guide compiled oat files (like /data/app/xxx/oat/arm64/base.odex) are not readable
+  // worldwide (DEXOPT_PUBLIC flag isn't set). To support reading them (needed by simpleperf for
+  // profiling), add shared app gid to supplementary groups.
+  gid_t shared_app_gid = userAppId % AID_USER_OFFSET - AID_APP_START + AID_SHARED_GID_START;
+  gids.push_back(shared_app_gid);
+  return gids;
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
   // Check arguments.
   if (argc < 2) {
@@ -144,7 +166,7 @@
   // Some devices can disable running run-as, such as Chrome OS when running in
   // non-developer mode.
   if (android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.boot.disable_runas", false)) {
-      error(1, 0, "run-as is disabled from the kernel commandline");
+    error(1, 0, "run-as is disabled from the kernel commandline");
   }
 
   char* pkgname = argv[1];
@@ -167,6 +189,15 @@
   if (!packagelist_parse(packagelist_parse_callback, &info)) {
     error(1, errno, "packagelist_parse failed");
   }
+
+  // Handle a multi-user data path
+  if (userId > 0) {
+    free(info.data_dir);
+    if (asprintf(&info.data_dir, "/data/user/%d/%s", userId, pkgname) == -1) {
+      error(1, errno, "asprintf failed");
+    }
+  }
+
   if (info.uid == 0) {
     error(1, 0, "unknown package: %s", pkgname);
   }
@@ -199,13 +230,15 @@
   // same time to avoid nasty surprises.
   uid_t uid = userAppId;
   uid_t gid = userAppId;
+  std::vector<gid_t> supplementary_gids = get_supplementary_gids(userAppId);
   ScopedMinijail j(minijail_new());
   minijail_change_uid(j.get(), uid);
   minijail_change_gid(j.get(), gid);
-  minijail_keep_supplementary_gids(j.get());
+  minijail_set_supplementary_gids(j.get(), supplementary_gids.size(), supplementary_gids.data());
   minijail_enter(j.get());
 
-  if (selinux_android_setcontext(uid, 0, info.seinfo, pkgname) < 0) {
+  std::string seinfo = std::string(info.seinfo) + ":fromRunAs";
+  if (selinux_android_setcontext(uid, 0, seinfo.c_str(), pkgname) < 0) {
     error(1, errno, "couldn't set SELinux security context");
   }
 
diff --git a/sdcard/sdcard.cpp b/sdcard/sdcard.cpp
index dc36596..e1de130 100644
--- a/sdcard/sdcard.cpp
+++ b/sdcard/sdcard.cpp
@@ -160,6 +160,7 @@
     std::string dest_path_default = "/mnt/runtime/default/" + label;
     std::string dest_path_read = "/mnt/runtime/read/" + label;
     std::string dest_path_write = "/mnt/runtime/write/" + label;
+    std::string dest_path_full = "/mnt/runtime/full/" + label;
 
     umask(0);
     if (multi_user) {
@@ -172,7 +173,10 @@
                                       default_normal, use_esdfs) ||
             !sdcardfs_setup_secondary(dest_path_default, source_path, dest_path_write, uid, gid,
                                       multi_user, userid, AID_EVERYBODY, full_write ? 0007 : 0027,
-                                      derive_gid, default_normal, use_esdfs)) {
+                                      derive_gid, default_normal, use_esdfs) ||
+            !sdcardfs_setup_secondary(dest_path_default, source_path, dest_path_full, uid, gid,
+                                      multi_user, userid, AID_EVERYBODY, 0007, derive_gid,
+                                      default_normal, use_esdfs)) {
             LOG(FATAL) << "failed to sdcardfs_setup";
         }
     } else {
@@ -186,7 +190,10 @@
                                       derive_gid, default_normal, use_esdfs) ||
             !sdcardfs_setup_secondary(dest_path_default, source_path, dest_path_write, uid, gid,
                                       multi_user, userid, AID_EVERYBODY, full_write ? 0007 : 0022,
-                                      derive_gid, default_normal, use_esdfs)) {
+                                      derive_gid, default_normal, use_esdfs) ||
+            !sdcardfs_setup_secondary(dest_path_default, source_path, dest_path_full, uid, gid,
+                                      multi_user, userid, AID_EVERYBODY, 0007, derive_gid,
+                                      default_normal, use_esdfs)) {
             LOG(FATAL) << "failed to sdcardfs_setup";
         }
     }
diff --git a/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp b/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp
index 3d7521c..cb5c5cb 100644
--- a/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp
+++ b/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp
@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@
         "newfs_msdos",
         "reboot",
         "sh",
+        "simpleperf",
         "tcpdump",
         "toolbox",
         "toybox",
+        "unzip",
     ],
 }
 
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@
         "sh.recovery",
         "toolbox.recovery",
         "toybox.recovery",
+        "unzip.recovery",
     ],
 }
 
diff --git a/shell_and_utilities/README.md b/shell_and_utilities/README.md
index d8cf867..ffda3a5 100644
--- a/shell_and_utilities/README.md
+++ b/shell_and_utilities/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-Android's shell and utilities
-=============================
+# Android's shell and utilities
 
 Since IceCreamSandwich Android has used
 [mksh](https://www.mirbsd.org/mksh.htm) as its shell. Before then it used
@@ -34,8 +33,7 @@
 full list for a release by running `toybox` directly.
 
 
-Android 2.3 (Gingerbread)
--------------------------
+## Android 2.3 (Gingerbread)
 
 BSD: cat dd newfs\_msdos
 
@@ -46,8 +44,7 @@
 umount uptime vmstat watchprops wipe
 
 
-Android 4.0 (IceCreamSandwich)
-------------------------------
+## Android 4.0 (IceCreamSandwich)
 
 BSD: cat dd newfs\_msdos
 
@@ -58,8 +55,7 @@
 touch umount uptime vmstat watchprops wipe
 
 
-Android 4.1-4.3 (JellyBean)
----------------------------
+## Android 4.1-4.3 (JellyBean)
 
 BSD: cat cp dd du grep newfs\_msdos
 
@@ -71,8 +67,7 @@
 sync top touch umount uptime vmstat watchprops wipe
 
 
-Android 4.4 (KitKat)
---------------------
+## Android 4.4 (KitKat)
 
 BSD: cat cp dd du grep newfs\_msdos
 
@@ -84,8 +79,7 @@
 stop swapoff swapon sync top touch umount uptime vmstat watchprops wipe
 
 
-Android 5.0 (Lollipop)
-----------------------
+## Android 5.0 (Lollipop)
 
 BSD: cat chown cp dd du grep kill ln mv printenv rm rmdir sleep sync
 
@@ -97,8 +91,7 @@
 top touch umount uptime vmstat watchprops wipe
 
 
-Android 6.0 (Marshmallow)
--------------------------
+## Android 6.0 (Marshmallow)
 
 BSD: dd du grep
 
@@ -118,8 +111,7 @@
 vmstat wc which whoami xargs yes
 
 
-Android 7.0 (Nougat)
---------------------
+## Android 7.0 (Nougat)
 
 BSD: dd grep
 
@@ -140,8 +132,7 @@
 uptime usleep vmstat wc which whoami xargs xxd yes
 
 
-Android 8.0 (Oreo)
-------------------
+## Android 8.0 (Oreo)
 
 BSD: dd grep
 
@@ -164,8 +155,8 @@
 tty ulimit umount uname uniq unix2dos uptime usleep uudecode uuencode
 vmstat wc which whoami xargs xxd yes zcat
 
-Android P
----------
+
+## Android 9.0 (Pie)
 
 BSD: dd grep
 
@@ -190,8 +181,8 @@
 umount uname uniq unix2dos uptime usleep uudecode uuencode vmstat wc
 which whoami xargs xxd yes zcat
 
-Android Q
----------
+
+## Android Q
 
 BSD: grep fsck\_msdos newfs\_msdos
 
@@ -201,17 +192,22 @@
 
 toolbox: getevent getprop
 
-toybox: acpi base64 basename blockdev cal cat chcon chgrp chmod chown
-chroot chrt cksum clear cmp comm cp cpio cut date dd df diff dirname
-dmesg dos2unix du echo env expand expr fallocate false file find flock
-fmt free getenforce groups gunzip gzip head hostname hwclock id ifconfig
-inotifyd insmod ionice iorenice kill killall ln load\_policy log logname
-losetup ls lsmod lsof lspci lsusb md5sum microcom mkdir mkfifo mknod
-mkswap mktemp modinfo modprobe more mount mountpoint mv nc netcat netstat
-nice nl nohup nsenter od paste patch pgrep pidof pkill pmap printenv
-printf ps pwd readlink realpath renice restorecon rm rmdir rmmod runcon
-sed sendevent seq setenforce setprop setsid sha1sum sha224sum sha256sum
-sha384sum sha512sum sleep sort split start stat stop strings stty swapoff
-swapon sync sysctl tac tail tar taskset tee time timeout top touch tr
-true truncate tty ulimit umount uname uniq unix2dos unshare uptime usleep
-uudecode uuencode vmstat wc which whoami xargs xxd yes zcat
+toybox: acpi base64 basename bc blkid blockdev cal cat chattr chcon chgrp
+chmod chown chroot chrt cksum clear cmp comm cp cpio cut date dd df
+diff dirname dmesg dos2unix du echo egrep env expand expr fallocate
+false fgrep file find flock fmt free freeramdisk fsfreeze getconf
+getenforce getfattr grep groups gunzip gzip head help hostname hwclock
+i2cdetect i2cdump i2cget i2cset iconv id ifconfig inotifyd insmod
+install ionice iorenice iotop kill killall ln load\_policy log logname
+losetup ls lsattr lsmod lsof lspci lsusb makedevs md5sum microcom
+mkdir mkfifo mknod mkswap mktemp modinfo modprobe more mount mountpoint
+mv nbd-client nc netcat netstat nice nl nohup nproc nsenter od partprobe
+paste patch pgrep pidof ping ping6 pivot\_root pkill pmap printenv
+printf prlimit ps pwd pwdx readlink realpath renice restorecon rev
+rfkill rm rmdir rmmod runcon sed sendevent seq setenforce setfattr
+setprop setsid sha1sum sha224sum sha256sum sha384sum sha512sum sleep
+sort split start stat stop strings stty swapoff swapon sync sysctl
+tac tail tar taskset tee time timeout top touch tr traceroute traceroute6
+true truncate tty tunctl ulimit umount uname uniq unix2dos unlink
+unshare uptime usleep uudecode uuencode uuidgen vconfig vmstat watch
+wc which whoami xargs xxd yes zcat
diff --git a/storaged/Android.bp b/storaged/Android.bp
index 7466728..733b60f 100644
--- a/storaged/Android.bp
+++ b/storaged/Android.bp
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
         "uid_info.cpp",
         "storaged.proto",
         ":storaged_aidl",
-        "binder/android/os/storaged/IStoragedPrivate.aidl",
+        ":storaged_aidl_private",
     ],
 
     static_libs: ["libhealthhalutils"],
@@ -116,4 +116,13 @@
     srcs: [
         "binder/android/os/IStoraged.aidl",
     ],
+    path: "binder",
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "storaged_aidl_private",
+    srcs: [
+        "binder/android/os/storaged/IStoragedPrivate.aidl",
+    ],
+    path: "binder",
 }
diff --git a/storaged/storaged.cpp b/storaged/storaged.cpp
index 77c6167..6897663 100644
--- a/storaged/storaged.cpp
+++ b/storaged/storaged.cpp
@@ -341,20 +341,14 @@
     if (mConfig.event_time_check_usec &&
         clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &start_ts) < 0) {
         check_time = false;
-        static time_t state_a;
-        IF_ALOG_RATELIMIT_LOCAL(300, &state_a) {
-            PLOG_TO(SYSTEM, ERROR) << "clock_gettime() failed";
-        }
+        PLOG_TO(SYSTEM, ERROR) << "clock_gettime() failed";
     }
 
     event();
 
     if (mConfig.event_time_check_usec && check_time) {
         if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_PROCESS_CPUTIME_ID, &end_ts) < 0) {
-            static time_t state_b;
-            IF_ALOG_RATELIMIT_LOCAL(300, &state_b) {
-                PLOG_TO(SYSTEM, ERROR) << "clock_gettime() failed";
-            }
+            PLOG_TO(SYSTEM, ERROR) << "clock_gettime() failed";
             return;
         }
         int64_t cost = (end_ts.tv_sec - start_ts.tv_sec) * SEC_TO_USEC +
diff --git a/storaged/storaged_diskstats.cpp b/storaged/storaged_diskstats.cpp
index 1050033..8b5001d 100644
--- a/storaged/storaged_diskstats.cpp
+++ b/storaged/storaged_diskstats.cpp
@@ -129,6 +129,10 @@
 
     bool success = false;
     auto ret = service->getDiskStats([&success, stats](auto result, const auto& halStats) {
+        if (result == Result::NOT_SUPPORTED) {
+            LOG_TO(SYSTEM, DEBUG) << "getDiskStats is not supported on health HAL.";
+            return;
+        }
         if (result != Result::SUCCESS || halStats.size() == 0) {
             LOG_TO(SYSTEM, ERROR) << "getDiskStats failed with result " << toString(result)
                                   << " and size " << halStats.size();
diff --git a/storaged/storaged_info.cpp b/storaged/storaged_info.cpp
index 5605f66..ca2421b 100644
--- a/storaged/storaged_info.cpp
+++ b/storaged/storaged_info.cpp
@@ -87,12 +87,21 @@
     day_start_tp += chrono::seconds(perf_history.day_start_sec());
 
     nr_samples = perf_history.nr_samples();
+    if (nr_samples < recent_perf.size()) {
+        recent_perf.erase(recent_perf.begin() + nr_samples, recent_perf.end());
+    }
+    size_t i = 0;
     for (auto bw : perf_history.recent_perf()) {
-        recent_perf.push_back(bw);
+        if (i < recent_perf.size()) {
+            recent_perf[i] = bw;
+        } else {
+            recent_perf.push_back(bw);
+        }
+        ++i;
     }
 
     nr_days = perf_history.nr_days();
-    int i = 0;
+    i = 0;
     for (auto bw : perf_history.daily_perf()) {
         daily_perf[i++] = bw;
     }
@@ -370,8 +379,12 @@
 
 void health_storage_info_t::report() {
     auto ret = mHealth->getStorageInfo([this](auto result, const auto& halInfos) {
+        if (result == Result::NOT_SUPPORTED) {
+            LOG_TO(SYSTEM, DEBUG) << "getStorageInfo is not supported on health HAL.";
+            return;
+        }
         if (result != Result::SUCCESS || halInfos.size() == 0) {
-            LOG_TO(SYSTEM, DEBUG) << "getStorageInfo failed with result " << toString(result)
+            LOG_TO(SYSTEM, ERROR) << "getStorageInfo failed with result " << toString(result)
                                   << " and size " << halInfos.size();
             return;
         }
@@ -380,7 +393,7 @@
     });
 
     if (!ret.isOk()) {
-        LOG_TO(SYSTEM, DEBUG) << "getStorageInfo failed with " << ret.description();
+        LOG_TO(SYSTEM, ERROR) << "getStorageInfo failed with " << ret.description();
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/storaged/storaged_service.cpp b/storaged/storaged_service.cpp
index 17ea25b..45f1d4d 100644
--- a/storaged/storaged_service.cpp
+++ b/storaged/storaged_service.cpp
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
         storaged_sp->update_uid_io_interval(time_window);
     }
 
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return OK;
 }
 
 binder::Status StoragedService::onUserStarted(int32_t userId) {
diff --git a/storaged/uid_info.cpp b/storaged/uid_info.cpp
index 58e3fd2..0f718de 100644
--- a/storaged/uid_info.cpp
+++ b/storaged/uid_info.cpp
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
         parcel->writeCString(task_it.second.comm.c_str());
         parcel->write(&task_it.second.io, sizeof(task_it.second.io));
     }
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return OK;
 }
 
 status_t UidInfo::readFromParcel(const Parcel* parcel) {
@@ -48,5 +48,5 @@
         parcel->read(&task.io, sizeof(task.io));
         tasks[task.pid] = task;
     }
-    return NO_ERROR;
+    return OK;
 }
diff --git a/toolbox/getevent.c b/toolbox/getevent.c
index 39033ad..e2c77c3 100644
--- a/toolbox/getevent.c
+++ b/toolbox/getevent.c
@@ -530,6 +530,9 @@
     const char *device = NULL;
     const char *device_path = "/dev/input";
 
+    /* disable buffering on stdout */
+    setbuf(stdout, NULL);
+
     opterr = 0;
     do {
         c = getopt(argc, argv, "tns:Sv::dpilqc:rh");
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/3.0/TrustyKeymaster3Device.cpp b/trusty/keymaster/3.0/TrustyKeymaster3Device.cpp
index 8e3b3b1..98cbcc3 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/3.0/TrustyKeymaster3Device.cpp
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/3.0/TrustyKeymaster3Device.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <cutils/log.h>
 #include <keymaster/android_keymaster_messages.h>
 #include <trusty_keymaster/TrustyKeymaster3Device.h>
+#include <trusty_keymaster/ipc/trusty_keymaster_ipc.h>
 
 using ::keymaster::AbortOperationRequest;
 using ::keymaster::AbortOperationResponse;
@@ -111,7 +112,8 @@
             }
         }
     }
-    KmParamSet(KmParamSet&& other) : keymaster_key_param_set_t{other.params, other.length} {
+    KmParamSet(KmParamSet&& other) noexcept
+        : keymaster_key_param_set_t{other.params, other.length} {
         other.length = 0;
         other.params = nullptr;
     }
@@ -393,20 +395,32 @@
                                             const hidl_vec<KeyParameter>& inParams,
                                             const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& input, update_cb _hidl_cb) {
     UpdateOperationRequest request;
-    request.op_handle = operationHandle;
-    request.input.Reinitialize(input.data(), input.size());
-    request.additional_params.Reinitialize(KmParamSet(inParams));
-
     UpdateOperationResponse response;
-    impl_->UpdateOperation(request, &response);
-
-    uint32_t resultConsumed = 0;
     hidl_vec<KeyParameter> resultParams;
     hidl_vec<uint8_t> resultBlob;
-    if (response.error == KM_ERROR_OK) {
-        resultConsumed = response.input_consumed;
-        resultParams = kmParamSet2Hidl(response.output_params);
-        resultBlob = kmBuffer2hidlVec(response.output);
+    uint32_t resultConsumed = 0;
+
+    request.op_handle = operationHandle;
+    request.additional_params.Reinitialize(KmParamSet(inParams));
+
+    size_t inp_size = input.size();
+    size_t ser_size = request.SerializedSize();
+
+    if (ser_size > TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_SEND_BUF_SIZE) {
+        response.error = KM_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH;
+    } else {
+        if (ser_size + inp_size > TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_SEND_BUF_SIZE) {
+            inp_size = TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_SEND_BUF_SIZE - ser_size;
+        }
+        request.input.Reinitialize(input.data(), inp_size);
+
+        impl_->UpdateOperation(request, &response);
+
+        if (response.error == KM_ERROR_OK) {
+            resultConsumed = response.input_consumed;
+            resultParams = kmParamSet2Hidl(response.output_params);
+            resultBlob = kmBuffer2hidlVec(response.output);
+        }
     }
     _hidl_cb(legacy_enum_conversion(response.error), resultConsumed, resultParams, resultBlob);
     return Void();
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/3.0/android.hardware.keymaster@3.0-service.trusty.rc b/trusty/keymaster/3.0/android.hardware.keymaster@3.0-service.trusty.rc
index e9d3054..503f3de 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/3.0/android.hardware.keymaster@3.0-service.trusty.rc
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/3.0/android.hardware.keymaster@3.0-service.trusty.rc
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 service vendor.keymaster-3-0 /vendor/bin/hw/android.hardware.keymaster@3.0-service.trusty
     class early_hal
     user nobody
-    group system drmrpc
+    group drmrpc
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/include/trusty_keymaster/legacy/trusty_keymaster_device.h b/trusty/keymaster/include/trusty_keymaster/legacy/trusty_keymaster_device.h
index 5a80795..a483c0d 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/include/trusty_keymaster/legacy/trusty_keymaster_device.h
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/include/trusty_keymaster/legacy/trusty_keymaster_device.h
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@
                              const keymaster_blob_t* input, const keymaster_blob_t* signature,
                              keymaster_key_param_set_t* out_params, keymaster_blob_t* output);
     keymaster_error_t abort(keymaster_operation_handle_t operation_handle);
+    keymaster_error_t delete_key(const keymaster_key_blob_t* key);
+    keymaster_error_t delete_all_keys();
 
   private:
     keymaster_error_t Send(uint32_t command, const Serializable& request,
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/legacy/trusty_keymaster_device.cpp b/trusty/keymaster/legacy/trusty_keymaster_device.cpp
index ea00a92..88c3e7b 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/legacy/trusty_keymaster_device.cpp
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/legacy/trusty_keymaster_device.cpp
@@ -70,8 +70,8 @@
     device_.export_key = export_key;
     device_.attest_key = attest_key;
     device_.upgrade_key = upgrade_key;
-    device_.delete_key = nullptr;
-    device_.delete_all_keys = nullptr;
+    device_.delete_key = delete_key;
+    device_.delete_all_keys = delete_all_keys;
     device_.begin = begin;
     device_.update = update;
     device_.finish = finish;
@@ -122,10 +122,10 @@
 void AddClientAndAppData(const keymaster_blob_t* client_id, const keymaster_blob_t* app_data,
                          RequestType* request) {
     request->additional_params.Clear();
-    if (client_id) {
+    if (client_id && client_id->data_length > 0) {
         request->additional_params.push_back(TAG_APPLICATION_ID, *client_id);
     }
-    if (app_data) {
+    if (app_data && app_data->data_length > 0) {
         request->additional_params.push_back(TAG_APPLICATION_DATA, *app_data);
     }
 }
@@ -606,6 +606,34 @@
     return trusty_keymaster_send(KM_ABORT_OPERATION, request, &response);
 }
 
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::delete_key(const keymaster_key_blob_t* key) {
+    ALOGD("Device received delete_key");
+
+    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        return error_;
+    }
+
+    if (!key || !key->key_material)
+        return KM_ERROR_UNEXPECTED_NULL_POINTER;
+
+    DeleteKeyRequest request(message_version_);
+    request.SetKeyMaterial(*key);
+    DeleteKeyResponse response(message_version_);
+    return trusty_keymaster_send(KM_DELETE_KEY, request, &response);
+}
+
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::delete_all_keys() {
+    ALOGD("Device received delete_all_key");
+
+    if (error_ != KM_ERROR_OK) {
+        return error_;
+    }
+
+    DeleteAllKeysRequest request(message_version_);
+    DeleteAllKeysResponse response(message_version_);
+    return trusty_keymaster_send(KM_DELETE_ALL_KEYS, request, &response);
+}
+
 hw_device_t* TrustyKeymasterDevice::hw_device() {
     return &device_.common;
 }
@@ -719,4 +747,15 @@
     return convert_device(dev)->abort(operation_handle);
 }
 
+/* static */
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::delete_key(const keymaster2_device_t* dev,
+                                               const keymaster_key_blob_t* key) {
+   return convert_device(dev)->delete_key(key);
+}
+
+/* static */
+keymaster_error_t TrustyKeymasterDevice::delete_all_keys(const keymaster2_device_t* dev) {
+   return convert_device(dev)->delete_all_keys();
+}
+
 }  // namespace keymaster
diff --git a/trusty/libtrusty/tipc-test/Android.bp b/trusty/libtrusty/tipc-test/Android.bp
index 32499e3..9676b79 100644
--- a/trusty/libtrusty/tipc-test/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/libtrusty/tipc-test/Android.bp
@@ -17,12 +17,10 @@
     vendor: true,
 
     srcs: ["tipc_test.c"],
-    static_libs: [
-        "libtrusty",
-    ],
     shared_libs: [
         "libc",
         "liblog",
+        "libtrusty",
     ],
     gtest: false,
     cflags: [
diff --git a/trusty/utils/trusty-ut-ctrl/Android.bp b/trusty/utils/trusty-ut-ctrl/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77d1f70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/trusty/utils/trusty-ut-ctrl/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+cc_test {
+    name: "trusty-ut-ctrl",
+    vendor: true,
+
+    srcs: ["ut-ctrl.c"],
+    shared_libs: [
+        "libc",
+        "liblog",
+        "libtrusty",
+    ],
+    gtest: false,
+    cflags: [
+        "-Wall",
+        "-Werror",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/trusty/utils/trusty-ut-ctrl/ut-ctrl.c b/trusty/utils/trusty-ut-ctrl/ut-ctrl.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e72af3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/trusty/utils/trusty-ut-ctrl/ut-ctrl.c
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <trusty/tipc.h>
+
+#define TIPC_DEFAULT_DEVNAME "/dev/trusty-ipc-dev0"
+
+static const char* dev_name = NULL;
+static const char* ut_app = NULL;
+
+static const char* _sopts = "hD:";
+static const struct option _lopts[] = {
+        {"help", no_argument, 0, 'h'},
+        {"dev", required_argument, 0, 'D'},
+        {0, 0, 0, 0},
+};
+
+static const char* usage =
+        "Usage: %s [options] unittest-app\n"
+        "\n"
+        "options:\n"
+        "  -h, --help            prints this message and exit\n"
+        "  -D, --dev name        Trusty device name\n"
+        "\n";
+
+static const char* usage_long = "\n";
+
+static bool opt_silent = false;
+
+static void print_usage_and_exit(const char* prog, int code, bool verbose) {
+    fprintf(stderr, usage, prog);
+    if (verbose) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s", usage_long);
+    }
+    exit(code);
+}
+
+static void parse_options(int argc, char** argv) {
+    int c;
+    int oidx = 0;
+
+    while (1) {
+        c = getopt_long(argc, argv, _sopts, _lopts, &oidx);
+        if (c == -1) {
+            break; /* done */
+        }
+
+        switch (c) {
+            case 'D':
+                dev_name = strdup(optarg);
+                break;
+
+            case 's':
+                opt_silent = true;
+                break;
+
+            case 'h':
+                print_usage_and_exit(argv[0], EXIT_SUCCESS, true);
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                print_usage_and_exit(argv[0], EXIT_FAILURE, false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (optind < argc) {
+        ut_app = strdup(argv[optind]);
+    }
+}
+
+enum test_message_header {
+    TEST_PASSED = 0,
+    TEST_FAILED = 1,
+    TEST_MESSAGE = 2,
+};
+
+static int run_trusty_unitest(const char* utapp) {
+    int fd;
+    int rc;
+    char rx_buf[1024];
+
+    /* connect to unitest app */
+    fd = tipc_connect(dev_name, utapp);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "failed to connect to '%s' app: %s\n", utapp, strerror(-fd));
+        return fd;
+    }
+
+    /* wait for test to complete */
+    for (;;) {
+        rc = read(fd, rx_buf, sizeof(rx_buf));
+        if (rc <= 0 || rc >= (int)sizeof(rx_buf)) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s: Read failed: %d\n", __func__, rc);
+            tipc_close(fd);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        if (rx_buf[0] == TEST_PASSED) {
+            break;
+        } else if (rx_buf[0] == TEST_FAILED) {
+            break;
+        } else if (rx_buf[0] == TEST_MESSAGE) {
+            write(STDOUT_FILENO, rx_buf + 1, rc - 1);
+        } else {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s: Bad message header: %d\n", __func__, rx_buf[0]);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* close connection to unitest app */
+    tipc_close(fd);
+
+    return rx_buf[0] == TEST_PASSED ? 0 : -1;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    int rc = 0;
+
+    if (argc <= 1) {
+        print_usage_and_exit(argv[0], EXIT_FAILURE, false);
+    }
+
+    parse_options(argc, argv);
+
+    if (!dev_name) {
+        dev_name = TIPC_DEFAULT_DEVNAME;
+    }
+
+    if (!ut_app) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Unittest app must be specified\n");
+        print_usage_and_exit(argv[0], EXIT_FAILURE, false);
+    }
+
+    rc = run_trusty_unitest(ut_app);
+
+    return rc == 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
+}