diff --git a/adb/Android.mk b/adb/Android.mk
index 8a43e37..e841205 100644
--- a/adb/Android.mk
+++ b/adb/Android.mk
@@ -124,12 +124,11 @@
     adbd_auth.cpp \
     jdwp_service.cpp \
 
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := system/core/qemu_pipe/include
 LOCAL_SANITIZE := $(adb_target_sanitize)
 
 # Even though we're building a static library (and thus there's no link step for
 # this to take effect), this adds the includes to our path.
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libcrypto_utils libcrypto libqemu_pipe libbase
+LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libcrypto_utils libcrypto libbase
 
 LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libadbd_usb
 
@@ -362,7 +361,6 @@
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := \
     libadbd \
     libbase \
-    libqemu_pipe \
     libbootloader_message \
     libfs_mgr \
     libfec \
diff --git a/adb/adb.cpp b/adb/adb.cpp
index 577e9b9..cf6b359 100644
--- a/adb/adb.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb.cpp
@@ -59,10 +59,12 @@
 
 std::string adb_version() {
     // Don't change the format of this --- it's parsed by ddmlib.
-    return android::base::StringPrintf("Android Debug Bridge version %d.%d.%d\n"
-                                       "Revision %s\n",
-                                       ADB_VERSION_MAJOR, ADB_VERSION_MINOR, ADB_SERVER_VERSION,
-                                       ADB_REVISION);
+    return android::base::StringPrintf(
+        "Android Debug Bridge version %d.%d.%d\n"
+        "Revision %s\n"
+        "Installed as %s\n",
+        ADB_VERSION_MAJOR, ADB_VERSION_MINOR, ADB_SERVER_VERSION, ADB_REVISION,
+        android::base::GetExecutablePath().c_str());
 }
 
 void fatal(const char *fmt, ...) {
diff --git a/adb/transport_local.cpp b/adb/transport_local.cpp
index 12b98ba..4198a52 100644
--- a/adb/transport_local.cpp
+++ b/adb/transport_local.cpp
@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@
 #define open    adb_open
 #define read    adb_read
 #define write   adb_write
-#include <qemu_pipe.h>
+#include <system/qemu_pipe.h>
 #undef open
 #undef read
 #undef write
diff --git a/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp b/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp
index 1befcb1..fa2838e 100644
--- a/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp
@@ -479,6 +479,7 @@
       err(1, "failed to drop ambient capabilities");
     }
 
+    pthread_setname_np(pthread_self(), "thread_name");
     raise(SIGSYS);
   });
 
@@ -492,6 +493,7 @@
   FinishIntercept(&intercept_result);
   ASSERT_EQ(1, intercept_result) << "tombstoned reported failure";
   ConsumeFd(std::move(output_fd), &result);
+  ASSERT_MATCH(result, R"(name: thread_name\s+>>> .+debuggerd_test(32|64) <<<)");
   ASSERT_MATCH(result, R"(#00 pc [0-9a-f]+\s+ /system/lib)" ARCH_SUFFIX R"(/libc.so \(tgkill)");
 }
 
diff --git a/fastboot/fastboot.cpp b/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
index 2927b16..704dc43 100644
--- a/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@
     {"system_other.img", "system.sig", "system", true, true},
     {"vendor.img", "vendor.sig", "vendor", true, false},
     {"vendor_other.img", "vendor.sig", "vendor", true, true},
+    {"vbmeta.img", "vbmeta.sig", "vbmeta", true, false},
 };
 
 static std::string find_item_given_name(const char* img_name, const char* product) {
@@ -144,6 +145,8 @@
         fn = "system.img";
     } else if(!strcmp(item,"vendor")) {
         fn = "vendor.img";
+    } else if(!strcmp(item,"vbmeta")) {
+        fn = "vbmeta.img";
     } else if(!strcmp(item,"userdata")) {
         fn = "userdata.img";
     } else if(!strcmp(item,"cache")) {
@@ -1536,6 +1539,7 @@
                 setvbuf(stderr, nullptr, _IONBF, 0);
             } else if (strcmp("version", longopts[longindex].name) == 0) {
                 fprintf(stdout, "fastboot version %s\n", FASTBOOT_REVISION);
+                fprintf(stdout, "Installed as %s\n", android::base::GetExecutablePath().c_str());
                 return 0;
             } else if (strcmp("slot", longopts[longindex].name) == 0) {
                 slot_override = std::string(optarg);
diff --git a/fingerprintd/FingerprintDaemonProxy.cpp b/fingerprintd/FingerprintDaemonProxy.cpp
index 1c7da30..b3c0cd7 100644
--- a/fingerprintd/FingerprintDaemonProxy.cpp
+++ b/fingerprintd/FingerprintDaemonProxy.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 FingerprintDaemonProxy* FingerprintDaemonProxy::sInstance = NULL;
 
 // Supported fingerprint HAL version
-static const uint16_t kVersion = HARDWARE_MODULE_API_VERSION(2, 0);
+static const uint16_t kVersion = HARDWARE_MODULE_API_VERSION(2, 1);
 
 FingerprintDaemonProxy::FingerprintDaemonProxy() : mModule(NULL), mDevice(NULL), mCallback(NULL) {
 
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp b/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
index d4a92e5..96bda07 100644
--- a/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
+++ b/gatekeeperd/gatekeeperd.cpp
@@ -166,7 +166,14 @@
                     enrolled_password_handle, enrolled_password_handle_length);
         }
 
-        if (ret == 0) {
+        if (ret == GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_OK && (*enrolled_password_handle == nullptr ||
+            *enrolled_password_handle_length != sizeof(password_handle_t))) {
+            ret = GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_ERROR;
+            ALOGE("HAL: password_handle=%p size_of_handle=%" PRIu32 "\n",
+                  *enrolled_password_handle, *enrolled_password_handle_length);
+        }
+
+        if (ret == GATEKEEPER_RESPONSE_OK) {
             gatekeeper::password_handle_t *handle =
                     reinterpret_cast<gatekeeper::password_handle_t *>(*enrolled_password_handle);
             store_sid(uid, handle->user_id);
diff --git a/healthd/Android.mk b/healthd/Android.mk
index 7c5e35b..b292725 100644
--- a/healthd/Android.mk
+++ b/healthd/Android.mk
@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@
 include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+ifeq ($(strip $(BOARD_CHARGER_ENABLE_SUSPEND)),true)
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DCHARGER_ENABLE_SUSPEND
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += libsuspend
+endif
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
     healthd_mode_android.cpp \
     healthd_mode_charger.cpp \
@@ -90,6 +94,14 @@
 
 LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := bootable/recovery $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
 
+ifneq ($(BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST),)
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DBOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST=$(BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST)
+endif
+
+ifneq ($(BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW),)
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DBOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW=$(BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW)
+endif
+
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := \
     libhealthd_internal \
     libbatterymonitor \
diff --git a/healthd/healthd.cpp b/healthd/healthd.cpp
index 20a6bf6..aa6735d 100644
--- a/healthd/healthd.cpp
+++ b/healthd/healthd.cpp
@@ -35,9 +35,19 @@
 
 using namespace android;
 
-// Periodic chores intervals in seconds
-#define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST (60 * 1)
-#define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW (60 * 10)
+#ifndef BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST
+  // Periodic chores fast interval in seconds
+  #define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST (60 * 1)
+#else
+  #define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST (BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW
+  // Periodic chores fast interval in seconds
+  #define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW (60 * 10)
+#else
+  #define DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW (BOARD_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_SLOW)
+#endif
 
 static struct healthd_config healthd_config = {
     .periodic_chores_interval_fast = DEFAULT_PERIODIC_CHORES_INTERVAL_FAST,
@@ -143,10 +153,14 @@
     struct android::BatteryProperties* /*props*/) {
 }
 
-int healthd_register_event(int fd, void (*handler)(uint32_t)) {
+int healthd_register_event(int fd, void (*handler)(uint32_t), EventWakeup wakeup) {
     struct epoll_event ev;
 
-    ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLWAKEUP;
+    ev.events = EPOLLIN;
+
+    if (wakeup == EVENT_WAKEUP_FD)
+        ev.events |= EPOLLWAKEUP;
+
     ev.data.ptr = (void *)handler;
     if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fd, &ev) == -1) {
         KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG,
@@ -252,7 +266,7 @@
     }
 
     fcntl(uevent_fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
-    if (healthd_register_event(uevent_fd, uevent_event))
+    if (healthd_register_event(uevent_fd, uevent_event, EVENT_WAKEUP_FD))
         KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG,
                    "register for uevent events failed\n");
 }
@@ -275,7 +289,7 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    if (healthd_register_event(wakealarm_fd, wakealarm_event))
+    if (healthd_register_event(wakealarm_fd, wakealarm_event, EVENT_WAKEUP_FD))
         KLOG_ERROR(LOG_TAG,
                    "Registration of wakealarm event failed\n");
 
@@ -283,17 +297,22 @@
 }
 
 static void healthd_mainloop(void) {
+    int nevents = 0;
     while (1) {
         struct epoll_event events[eventct];
-        int nevents;
         int timeout = awake_poll_interval;
         int mode_timeout;
 
+        /* Don't wait for first timer timeout to run periodic chores */
+        if (!nevents)
+            periodic_chores();
+
+        healthd_mode_ops->heartbeat();
+
         mode_timeout = healthd_mode_ops->preparetowait();
         if (timeout < 0 || (mode_timeout > 0 && mode_timeout < timeout))
             timeout = mode_timeout;
         nevents = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, eventct, timeout);
-
         if (nevents == -1) {
             if (errno == EINTR)
                 continue;
@@ -305,11 +324,6 @@
             if (events[n].data.ptr)
                 (*(void (*)(int))events[n].data.ptr)(events[n].events);
         }
-
-        if (!nevents)
-            periodic_chores();
-
-        healthd_mode_ops->heartbeat();
     }
 
     return;
diff --git a/healthd/healthd_mode_charger.cpp b/healthd/healthd_mode_charger.cpp
index 2f69372..91774c6 100644
--- a/healthd/healthd_mode_charger.cpp
+++ b/healthd/healthd_mode_charger.cpp
@@ -343,14 +343,19 @@
 
 static void draw_percent(const animation& anim)
 {
-    if (anim.cur_level <= 0 || anim.cur_status != BATTERY_STATUS_CHARGING) return;
+    int cur_level = anim.cur_level;
+    if (anim.cur_status == BATTERY_STATUS_FULL) {
+        cur_level = 100;
+    }
+
+    if (cur_level <= 0) return;
 
     const animation::text_field& field = anim.text_percent;
     if (field.font == nullptr || field.font->char_width == 0 || field.font->char_height == 0) {
         return;
     }
 
-    std::string str = base::StringPrintf("%d%%", anim.cur_level);
+    std::string str = base::StringPrintf("%d%%", cur_level);
 
     int x, y;
     determine_xy(field, str.size(), &x, &y);
@@ -840,7 +845,7 @@
                             std::placeholders::_2));
     if (!ret) {
         epollfd = ev_get_epollfd();
-        healthd_register_event(epollfd, charger_event_handler);
+        healthd_register_event(epollfd, charger_event_handler, EVENT_WAKEUP_FD);
     }
 
     struct animation* anim = init_animation();
diff --git a/healthd/include/healthd/healthd.h b/healthd/include/healthd/healthd.h
index 34ea55f..17efbd6 100644
--- a/healthd/include/healthd/healthd.h
+++ b/healthd/include/healthd/healthd.h
@@ -73,9 +73,14 @@
     bool (*screen_on)(android::BatteryProperties *props);
 };
 
+enum EventWakeup {
+    EVENT_NO_WAKEUP_FD,
+    EVENT_WAKEUP_FD,
+};
+
 // Global helper functions
 
-int healthd_register_event(int fd, void (*handler)(uint32_t));
+int healthd_register_event(int fd, void (*handler)(uint32_t), EventWakeup wakeup = EVENT_NO_WAKEUP_FD);
 void healthd_battery_update();
 android::status_t healthd_get_property(int id,
     struct android::BatteryProperty *val);
diff --git a/include/system/qemu_pipe.h b/include/system/qemu_pipe.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af25079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/system/qemu_pipe.h
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+#ifndef ANDROID_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_QEMU_PIPE_H
+#define ANDROID_INCLUDE_SYSTEM_QEMU_PIPE_H
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+// Define QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG if you want to print error messages when an error
+// occurs during pipe operations. The macro should simply take a printf-style
+// formatting string followed by optional arguments.
+#ifndef QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG
+#  define  QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG(...)   (void)0
+#endif
+
+// Try to open a new Qemu fast-pipe. This function returns a file descriptor
+// that can be used to communicate with a named service managed by the
+// emulator.
+//
+// This file descriptor can be used as a standard pipe/socket descriptor.
+//
+// 'pipeName' is the name of the emulator service you want to connect to,
+// and must begin with 'pipe:' (e.g. 'pipe:camera' or 'pipe:opengles').
+//
+// On success, return a valid file descriptor, or -1/errno on failure. E.g.:
+//
+// EINVAL  -> unknown/unsupported pipeName
+// ENOSYS  -> fast pipes not available in this system.
+//
+// ENOSYS should never happen, except if you're trying to run within a
+// misconfigured emulator.
+//
+// You should be able to open several pipes to the same pipe service,
+// except for a few special cases (e.g. GSM modem), where EBUSY will be
+// returned if more than one client tries to connect to it.
+static __inline__ int qemu_pipe_open(const char* pipeName) {
+    // Sanity check.
+    if (!pipeName || memcmp(pipeName, "pipe:", 5) != 0) {
+        errno = EINVAL;
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("/dev/qemu_pipe", O_RDWR));
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG("%s: Could not open /dev/qemu_pipe: %s", __FUNCTION__,
+                        strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // Write the pipe name, *including* the trailing zero which is necessary.
+    size_t pipeNameLen = strlen(pipeName);
+    ssize_t ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fd, pipeName, pipeNameLen + 1U));
+    if (ret != (ssize_t)pipeNameLen + 1) {
+        QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG("%s: Could not connect to %s pipe service: %s",
+                        __FUNCTION__, pipeName, strerror(errno));
+        if (ret == 0) {
+            errno = ECONNRESET;
+        } else if (ret > 0) {
+            errno = EINVAL;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return fd;
+}
+
+// Send a framed message |buff| of |len| bytes through the |fd| descriptor.
+// This really adds a 4-hexchar prefix describing the payload size.
+// Returns 0 on success, and -1 on error.
+static int __inline__ qemu_pipe_frame_send(int fd,
+                                           const void* buff,
+                                           size_t len) {
+    char header[5];
+    snprintf(header, sizeof(header), "%04zx", len);
+    ssize_t ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fd, header, 4));
+    if (ret != 4) {
+        QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG("Can't write qemud frame header: %s", strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+    ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(fd, buff, len));
+    if (ret != (ssize_t)len) {
+        QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG("Can't write qemud frame payload: %s", strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// Read a frame message from |fd|, and store it into |buff| of |len| bytes.
+// If the framed message is larger than |len|, then this returns -1 and the
+// content is lost. Otherwise, this returns the size of the message. NOTE:
+// empty messages are possible in a framed wire protocol and do not mean
+// end-of-stream.
+static int __inline__ qemu_pipe_frame_recv(int fd, void* buff, size_t len) {
+    char header[5];
+    ssize_t ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, header, 4));
+    if (ret != 4) {
+        QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG("Can't read qemud frame header: %s", strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+    header[4] = '\0';
+    size_t size;
+    if (sscanf(header, "%04zx", &size) != 1) {
+        QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG("Malformed qemud frame header: [%.*s]", 4, header);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (size > len) {
+        QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG("Oversized qemud frame (% bytes, expected <= %)", size,
+                        len);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, buff, size));
+    if (ret != (ssize_t)size) {
+        QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG("Could not read qemud frame payload: %s",
+                        strerror(errno));
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return size;
+}
+
+#endif /* ANDROID_INCLUDE_HARDWARE_QEMUD_PIPE_H */
diff --git a/init/README.md b/init/README.md
index e66ade2..fc50730 100644
--- a/init/README.md
+++ b/init/README.md
@@ -198,6 +198,13 @@
   is in the class "default" if one is not specified via the
   class option. Additional classnames beyond the (required) first
   one are used to group services.
+`animation class`
+> 'animation' class should include all services necessary for both
+  boot animation and shutdown animation. As these services can be
+  launched very early during bootup and can run until the last stage
+  of shutdown, access to /data partition is not guaranteed. These
+  services can check files under /data but it should not keep files opened
+  and should work when /data is not available.
 
 `onrestart`
 > Execute a Command (see below) when service restarts.
@@ -286,6 +293,11 @@
 `copy <src> <dst>`
 > Copies a file. Similar to write, but useful for binary/large
   amounts of data.
+  Regarding to the src file, copying from symbolic link file and world-writable
+  or group-writable files are not allowed.
+  Regarding to the dst file, the default mode created is 0600 if it does not
+  exist. And it will be truncated if dst file is a normal regular file and
+  already exists.
 
 `domainname <name>`
 > Set the domain name.
diff --git a/init/builtins.cpp b/init/builtins.cpp
index dc2bda6..64c00e9 100644
--- a/init/builtins.cpp
+++ b/init/builtins.cpp
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
 }
 
 static int do_domainname(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    return write_file("/proc/sys/kernel/domainname", args[1].c_str()) ? 0 : 1;
+    return write_file("/proc/sys/kernel/domainname", args[1]) ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
 static int do_enable(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
 }
 
 static int do_hostname(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    return write_file("/proc/sys/kernel/hostname", args[1].c_str()) ? 0 : 1;
+    return write_file("/proc/sys/kernel/hostname", args[1]) ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
 static int do_ifup(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
@@ -696,67 +696,15 @@
 }
 
 static int do_write(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    const char* path = args[1].c_str();
-    const char* value = args[2].c_str();
-    return write_file(path, value) ? 0 : 1;
+    return write_file(args[1], args[2]) ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
 static int do_copy(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    char *buffer = NULL;
-    int rc = 0;
-    int fd1 = -1, fd2 = -1;
-    struct stat info;
-    int brtw, brtr;
-    char *p;
-
-    if (stat(args[1].c_str(), &info) < 0)
-        return -1;
-
-    if ((fd1 = open(args[1].c_str(), O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC)) < 0)
-        goto out_err;
-
-    if ((fd2 = open(args[2].c_str(), O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC|O_CLOEXEC, 0660)) < 0)
-        goto out_err;
-
-    if (!(buffer = (char*) malloc(info.st_size)))
-        goto out_err;
-
-    p = buffer;
-    brtr = info.st_size;
-    while(brtr) {
-        rc = read(fd1, p, brtr);
-        if (rc < 0)
-            goto out_err;
-        if (rc == 0)
-            break;
-        p += rc;
-        brtr -= rc;
+    std::string data;
+    if (read_file(args[1], &data)) {
+        return write_file(args[2], data) ? 0 : 1;
     }
-
-    p = buffer;
-    brtw = info.st_size;
-    while(brtw) {
-        rc = write(fd2, p, brtw);
-        if (rc < 0)
-            goto out_err;
-        if (rc == 0)
-            break;
-        p += rc;
-        brtw -= rc;
-    }
-
-    rc = 0;
-    goto out;
-out_err:
-    rc = -1;
-out:
-    if (buffer)
-        free(buffer);
-    if (fd1 >= 0)
-        close(fd1);
-    if (fd2 >= 0)
-        close(fd2);
-    return rc;
+    return 1;
 }
 
 static int do_chown(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
diff --git a/init/init_parser.cpp b/init/init_parser.cpp
index 326ebf2..a192862 100644
--- a/init/init_parser.cpp
+++ b/init/init_parser.cpp
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
     LOG(INFO) << "Parsing file " << path << "...";
     Timer t;
     std::string data;
-    if (!read_file(path.c_str(), &data)) {
+    if (!read_file(path, &data)) {
         return false;
     }
 
diff --git a/init/reboot.cpp b/init/reboot.cpp
index e34abdb..62e5c85 100644
--- a/init/reboot.cpp
+++ b/init/reboot.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 
 #include <memory>
+#include <set>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
 #include <vector>
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@
 #include <logwrap/logwrap.h>
 
 #include "log.h"
+#include "property_service.h"
 #include "reboot.h"
 #include "service.h"
 #include "util.h"
@@ -248,8 +250,9 @@
                                               flags);
                 } else {
                     umountDone = false;
-                    PLOG(WARNING) << StringPrintf("cannot umount %s, flags:0x%x",
-                                                  entry.mnt_fsname().c_str(), flags);
+                    PLOG(WARNING) << StringPrintf("cannot umount %s, mnt_dir %s, flags:0x%x",
+                                                  entry.mnt_fsname().c_str(),
+                                                  entry.mnt_dir().c_str(), flags);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -351,26 +354,40 @@
     }
     LOG(INFO) << "Shutdown timeout: " << shutdownTimeout;
 
-    static const constexpr char* shutdown_critical_services[] = {"vold", "watchdogd"};
-    for (const char* name : shutdown_critical_services) {
-        Service* s = ServiceManager::GetInstance().FindServiceByName(name);
-        if (s == nullptr) {
-            LOG(WARNING) << "Shutdown critical service not found:" << name;
-            continue;
+    // keep debugging tools until non critical ones are all gone.
+    const std::set<std::string> kill_after_apps{"tombstoned", "logd", "adbd"};
+    // watchdogd is a vendor specific component but should be alive to complete shutdown safely.
+    const std::set<std::string> to_starts{"watchdogd", "vold"};
+    ServiceManager::GetInstance().ForEachService([&kill_after_apps, &to_starts](Service* s) {
+        if (kill_after_apps.count(s->name())) {
+            s->SetShutdownCritical();
+        } else if (to_starts.count(s->name())) {
+            s->Start();
+            s->SetShutdownCritical();
         }
-        s->Start();  // make sure that it is running.
-        s->SetShutdownCritical();
+    });
+
+    Service* bootAnim = ServiceManager::GetInstance().FindServiceByName("bootanim");
+    Service* surfaceFlinger = ServiceManager::GetInstance().FindServiceByName("surfaceflinger");
+    if (bootAnim != nullptr && surfaceFlinger != nullptr && surfaceFlinger->IsRunning()) {
+        property_set("service.bootanim.exit", "0");
+        // Could be in the middle of animation. Stop and start so that it can pick
+        // up the right mode.
+        bootAnim->Stop();
+        // start all animation classes if stopped.
+        ServiceManager::GetInstance().ForEachServiceInClass("animation", [](Service* s) {
+            s->Start();
+            s->SetShutdownCritical();  // will not check animation class separately
+        });
+        bootAnim->Start();
+        surfaceFlinger->SetShutdownCritical();
+        bootAnim->SetShutdownCritical();
     }
+
     // optional shutdown step
     // 1. terminate all services except shutdown critical ones. wait for delay to finish
     if (shutdownTimeout > 0) {
         LOG(INFO) << "terminating init services";
-        // tombstoned can write to data when other services are killed. so finish it first.
-        static const constexpr char* first_to_kill[] = {"tombstoned"};
-        for (const char* name : first_to_kill) {
-            Service* s = ServiceManager::GetInstance().FindServiceByName(name);
-            if (s != nullptr) s->Stop();
-        }
 
         // Ask all services to terminate except shutdown critical ones.
         ServiceManager::GetInstance().ForEachService([](Service* s) {
@@ -409,8 +426,8 @@
 
     // minimum safety steps before restarting
     // 2. kill all services except ones that are necessary for the shutdown sequence.
-    ServiceManager::GetInstance().ForEachService([](Service* s) {
-        if (!s->IsShutdownCritical()) s->Stop();
+    ServiceManager::GetInstance().ForEachService([&kill_after_apps](Service* s) {
+        if (!s->IsShutdownCritical() || kill_after_apps.count(s->name())) s->Stop();
     });
     ServiceManager::GetInstance().ReapAnyOutstandingChildren();
 
diff --git a/init/ueventd.cpp b/init/ueventd.cpp
index f27be64..ba53e47 100644
--- a/init/ueventd.cpp
+++ b/init/ueventd.cpp
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-void set_device_permission(int nargs, char **args)
+void set_device_permission(const char* fn, int line, int nargs, char **args)
 {
     char *name;
     char *attr = 0;
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
     }
 
     if (nargs != 4) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid line ueventd.rc line for '" << args[0] << "'";
+        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid line (" << fn << ":" << line << ") line for '" << args[0] << "'";
         return;
     }
 
@@ -136,20 +136,20 @@
 
     perm = strtol(args[1], &endptr, 8);
     if (!endptr || *endptr != '\0') {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid mode '" << args[1] << "'";
+        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid mode (" << fn << ":" << line << ") '" << args[1] << "'";
         return;
     }
 
     struct passwd* pwd = getpwnam(args[2]);
     if (!pwd) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid uid '" << args[2] << "'";
+        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid uid (" << fn << ":" << line << ") '" << args[2] << "'";
         return;
     }
     uid = pwd->pw_uid;
 
     struct group* grp = getgrnam(args[3]);
     if (!grp) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid gid '" << args[3] << "'";
+        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid gid (" << fn << ":" << line << ") '" << args[3] << "'";
         return;
     }
     gid = grp->gr_gid;
diff --git a/init/ueventd_parser.cpp b/init/ueventd_parser.cpp
index baff58c..554c1e3 100644
--- a/init/ueventd_parser.cpp
+++ b/init/ueventd_parser.cpp
@@ -236,6 +236,6 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void parse_line_device(parse_state*, int nargs, char** args) {
-    set_device_permission(nargs, args);
+static void parse_line_device(parse_state* state, int nargs, char** args) {
+    set_device_permission(state->filename, state->line, nargs, args);
 }
diff --git a/init/ueventd_parser.h b/init/ueventd_parser.h
index 907cc49..4d69897 100644
--- a/init/ueventd_parser.h
+++ b/init/ueventd_parser.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #define UEVENTD_PARSER_MAXARGS 5
 
 int ueventd_parse_config_file(const char *fn);
-void set_device_permission(int nargs, char **args);
+void set_device_permission(const char* fn, int line, int nargs, char **args);
 struct ueventd_subsystem *ueventd_subsystem_find_by_name(const char *name);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/init/util.cpp b/init/util.cpp
index 3f8f244..bf4109c 100644
--- a/init/util.cpp
+++ b/init/util.cpp
@@ -163,10 +163,11 @@
     return -1;
 }
 
-bool read_file(const char* path, std::string* content) {
+bool read_file(const std::string& path, std::string* content) {
     content->clear();
 
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(
+        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC)));
     if (fd == -1) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -186,9 +187,9 @@
     return android::base::ReadFdToString(fd, content);
 }
 
-bool write_file(const char* path, const char* content) {
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(
-        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC, 0600)));
+bool write_file(const std::string& path, const std::string& content) {
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
+        open(path.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_NOFOLLOW | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0600)));
     if (fd == -1) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "write_file: Unable to open '" << path << "'";
         return false;
diff --git a/init/util.h b/init/util.h
index 23509d3..1034c9b 100644
--- a/init/util.h
+++ b/init/util.h
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
 int create_socket(const char *name, int type, mode_t perm,
                   uid_t uid, gid_t gid, const char *socketcon);
 
-bool read_file(const char* path, std::string* content);
-bool write_file(const char* path, const char* content);
+bool read_file(const std::string& path, std::string* content);
+bool write_file(const std::string& path, const std::string& content);
 
 class Timer {
   public:
diff --git a/init/util_test.cpp b/init/util_test.cpp
index 24c75c4..0c0350a 100644
--- a/init/util_test.cpp
+++ b/init/util_test.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,11 @@
 #include "util.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 TEST(util, read_file_ENOENT) {
@@ -28,6 +32,35 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("", s); // s was cleared.
 }
 
+TEST(util, read_file_group_writeable) {
+    std::string s("hello");
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(write_file(tf.path, s)) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_NE(-1, fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, tf.path, 0620, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(read_file(tf.path, &s)) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_EQ("", s);  // s was cleared.
+}
+
+TEST(util, read_file_world_writeable) {
+    std::string s("hello");
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(write_file(tf.path, s.c_str())) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_NE(-1, fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, tf.path, 0602, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(read_file(tf.path, &s)) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_EQ("", s);  // s was cleared.
+}
+
+TEST(util, read_file_symbolic_link) {
+    std::string s("hello");
+    errno = 0;
+    // lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 1970-01-01 00:00 charger -> /sbin/healthd
+    EXPECT_FALSE(read_file("/charger", &s));
+    EXPECT_EQ(ELOOP, errno);
+    EXPECT_EQ("", s);  // s was cleared.
+}
+
 TEST(util, read_file_success) {
   std::string s("hello");
   EXPECT_TRUE(read_file("/proc/version", &s));
@@ -37,6 +70,51 @@
   EXPECT_STREQ("Linux", s.c_str());
 }
 
+TEST(util, write_file_binary) {
+    std::string contents("abcd");
+    contents.push_back('\0');
+    contents.push_back('\0');
+    contents.append("dcba");
+    ASSERT_EQ(10u, contents.size());
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(write_file(tf.path, contents)) << strerror(errno);
+
+    std::string read_back_contents;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(read_file(tf.path, &read_back_contents)) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_EQ(contents, read_back_contents);
+    EXPECT_EQ(10u, read_back_contents.size());
+}
+
+TEST(util, write_file_not_exist) {
+    std::string s("hello");
+    std::string s2("hello");
+    TemporaryDir test_dir;
+    std::string path = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/does-not-exist", test_dir.path);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(write_file(path, s));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(read_file(path, &s2));
+    EXPECT_EQ(s, s2);
+    struct stat sb;
+    int fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC);
+    EXPECT_NE(-1, fd);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, fstat(fd, &sb));
+    EXPECT_EQ((const unsigned int)(S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR), sb.st_mode & 0777);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, unlink(path.c_str()));
+}
+
+TEST(util, write_file_exist) {
+    std::string s2("");
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(write_file(tf.path, "1hello1")) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(read_file(tf.path, &s2));
+    EXPECT_STREQ("1hello1", s2.c_str());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(write_file(tf.path, "2ll2"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(read_file(tf.path, &s2));
+    EXPECT_STREQ("2ll2", s2.c_str());
+}
+
 TEST(util, decode_uid) {
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, decode_uid("root"));
   EXPECT_EQ(UINT_MAX, decode_uid("toot"));
diff --git a/libsuspend/autosuspend_wakeup_count.c b/libsuspend/autosuspend_wakeup_count.c
index 2da204a..4dedf7f 100644
--- a/libsuspend/autosuspend_wakeup_count.c
+++ b/libsuspend/autosuspend_wakeup_count.c
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <string.h>
-#include <sys/param.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -36,24 +35,12 @@
 #define SYS_POWER_STATE "/sys/power/state"
 #define SYS_POWER_WAKEUP_COUNT "/sys/power/wakeup_count"
 
-#define BASE_SLEEP_TIME 100000
-
 static int state_fd;
 static int wakeup_count_fd;
 static pthread_t suspend_thread;
 static sem_t suspend_lockout;
 static const char *sleep_state = "mem";
 static void (*wakeup_func)(bool success) = NULL;
-static int sleep_time = BASE_SLEEP_TIME;
-
-static void update_sleep_time(bool success) {
-    if (success) {
-        sleep_time = BASE_SLEEP_TIME;
-        return;
-    }
-    // double sleep time after each failure up to one minute
-    sleep_time = MIN(sleep_time * 2, 60000000);
-}
 
 static void *suspend_thread_func(void *arg __attribute__((unused)))
 {
@@ -61,12 +48,10 @@
     char wakeup_count[20];
     int wakeup_count_len;
     int ret;
-    bool success = true;
+    bool success;
 
     while (1) {
-        update_sleep_time(success);
-        usleep(sleep_time);
-        success = false;
+        usleep(100000);
         ALOGV("%s: read wakeup_count\n", __func__);
         lseek(wakeup_count_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
         wakeup_count_len = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(wakeup_count_fd, wakeup_count,
@@ -90,6 +75,7 @@
             continue;
         }
 
+        success = true;
         ALOGV("%s: write %*s to wakeup_count\n", __func__, wakeup_count_len, wakeup_count);
         ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(wakeup_count_fd, wakeup_count, wakeup_count_len));
         if (ret < 0) {
@@ -98,8 +84,8 @@
         } else {
             ALOGV("%s: write %s to %s\n", __func__, sleep_state, SYS_POWER_STATE);
             ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(state_fd, sleep_state, strlen(sleep_state)));
-            if (ret >= 0) {
-                success = true;
+            if (ret < 0) {
+                success = false;
             }
             void (*func)(bool success) = wakeup_func;
             if (func != NULL) {
diff --git a/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp b/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
index d59e9d8..087457c 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
   uint64_t offset = ehdr.e_phoff;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < ehdr.e_phnum; i++, offset += ehdr.e_phentsize) {
     PhdrType phdr;
-    if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_type, sizeof(phdr.p_type))) {
+    if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_type, sizeof(phdr.p_type))) {
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -54,20 +54,20 @@
     case PT_LOAD:
     {
       // Get the flags first, if this isn't an executable header, ignore it.
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_flags, sizeof(phdr.p_flags))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_flags, sizeof(phdr.p_flags))) {
         return false;
       }
       if ((phdr.p_flags & PF_X) == 0) {
         continue;
       }
 
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_vaddr, sizeof(phdr.p_vaddr))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_vaddr, sizeof(phdr.p_vaddr))) {
         return false;
       }
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_offset, sizeof(phdr.p_offset))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_offset, sizeof(phdr.p_offset))) {
         return false;
       }
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_memsz, sizeof(phdr.p_memsz))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_memsz, sizeof(phdr.p_memsz))) {
         return false;
       }
       pt_loads_[phdr.p_offset] = LoadInfo{phdr.p_offset, phdr.p_vaddr,
@@ -79,22 +79,22 @@
     }
 
     case PT_GNU_EH_FRAME:
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_offset, sizeof(phdr.p_offset))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_offset, sizeof(phdr.p_offset))) {
         return false;
       }
       eh_frame_offset_ = phdr.p_offset;
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_memsz, sizeof(phdr.p_memsz))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_memsz, sizeof(phdr.p_memsz))) {
         return false;
       }
       eh_frame_size_ = phdr.p_memsz;
       break;
 
     case PT_DYNAMIC:
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_offset, sizeof(phdr.p_offset))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_offset, sizeof(phdr.p_offset))) {
         return false;
       }
       dynamic_offset_ = phdr.p_offset;
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_memsz, sizeof(phdr.p_memsz))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_memsz, sizeof(phdr.p_memsz))) {
         return false;
       }
       dynamic_size_ = phdr.p_memsz;
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@
   ShdrType shdr;
   if (ehdr.e_shstrndx < ehdr.e_shnum) {
     uint64_t sh_offset = offset + ehdr.e_shstrndx * ehdr.e_shentsize;
-    if (memory_->Read(sh_offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_offset, sizeof(shdr.sh_offset))
-        && memory_->Read(sh_offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_size, sizeof(shdr.sh_size))) {
+    if (memory_->ReadField(sh_offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_offset, sizeof(shdr.sh_offset)) &&
+        memory_->ReadField(sh_offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_size, sizeof(shdr.sh_size))) {
       sec_offset = shdr.sh_offset;
       sec_size = shdr.sh_size;
     }
@@ -125,27 +125,27 @@
 
   // Skip the first header, it's always going to be NULL.
   for (size_t i = 1; i < ehdr.e_shnum; i++, offset += ehdr.e_shentsize) {
-    if (!memory_->Read(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_type, sizeof(shdr.sh_type))) {
+    if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_type, sizeof(shdr.sh_type))) {
       return false;
     }
 
     if (shdr.sh_type == SHT_PROGBITS) {
       // Look for the .debug_frame and .gnu_debugdata.
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_name, sizeof(shdr.sh_name))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_name, sizeof(shdr.sh_name))) {
         return false;
       }
       if (shdr.sh_name < sec_size) {
         std::string name;
         if (memory_->ReadString(sec_offset + shdr.sh_name, &name)) {
           if (name == ".debug_frame") {
-            if (memory_->Read(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_offset, sizeof(shdr.sh_offset))
-                && memory_->Read(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_size, sizeof(shdr.sh_size))) {
+            if (memory_->ReadField(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_offset, sizeof(shdr.sh_offset)) &&
+                memory_->ReadField(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_size, sizeof(shdr.sh_size))) {
               debug_frame_offset_ = shdr.sh_offset;
               debug_frame_size_ = shdr.sh_size;
             }
           } else if (name == ".gnu_debugdata") {
-            if (memory_->Read(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_offset, sizeof(shdr.sh_offset))
-                && memory_->Read(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_size, sizeof(shdr.sh_size))) {
+            if (memory_->ReadField(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_offset, sizeof(shdr.sh_offset)) &&
+                memory_->ReadField(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_size, sizeof(shdr.sh_size))) {
               gnu_debugdata_offset_ = shdr.sh_offset;
               gnu_debugdata_size_ = shdr.sh_size;
             }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.cpp b/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.cpp
index e157320..bab84cc 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.cpp
@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@
   }
 
   Elf32_Phdr phdr;
-  if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_vaddr, sizeof(phdr.p_vaddr))) {
+  if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_vaddr, sizeof(phdr.p_vaddr))) {
     return true;
   }
-  if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_memsz, sizeof(phdr.p_memsz))) {
+  if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_memsz, sizeof(phdr.p_memsz))) {
     return true;
   }
   // The load_bias_ should always be set by this time.
@@ -98,13 +98,15 @@
 }
 
 bool ElfInterfaceArm::Step(uint64_t pc, Regs* regs, Memory* process_memory) {
-  return StepExidx(pc, regs, process_memory) ||
-      ElfInterface32::Step(pc, regs, process_memory);
+  // Dwarf unwind information is precise about whether a pc is covered or not,
+  // but arm unwind information only has ranges of pc. In order to avoid
+  // incorrectly doing a bad unwind using arm unwind information for a
+  // different function, always try and unwind with the dwarf information first.
+  return ElfInterface32::Step(pc, regs, process_memory) || StepExidx(pc, regs, process_memory);
 }
 
 bool ElfInterfaceArm::StepExidx(uint64_t pc, Regs* regs, Memory* process_memory) {
   RegsArm* regs_arm = reinterpret_cast<RegsArm*>(regs);
-  // First try arm, then try dwarf.
   uint64_t entry_offset;
   if (!FindEntry(pc, &entry_offset)) {
     return false;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp b/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
index 1fcf842..9e46509 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
@@ -96,10 +96,16 @@
 
   offset_ = offset & (getpagesize() - 1);
   uint64_t aligned_offset = offset & ~(getpagesize() - 1);
+  if (aligned_offset > static_cast<uint64_t>(buf.st_size) ||
+      offset > static_cast<uint64_t>(buf.st_size)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
   size_ = buf.st_size - aligned_offset;
-  if (size < (UINT64_MAX - offset_) && size + offset_ < size_) {
+  uint64_t max_size;
+  if (!__builtin_add_overflow(size, offset_, &max_size) && max_size < size_) {
     // Truncate the mapped size.
-    size_ = size + offset_;
+    size_ = max_size;
   }
   void* map = mmap(nullptr, size_, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, aligned_offset);
   if (map == MAP_FAILED) {
@@ -113,14 +119,15 @@
 }
 
 bool MemoryFileAtOffset::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) {
-  if (addr + size > size_) {
+  uint64_t max_size;
+  if (__builtin_add_overflow(addr, size, &max_size) || max_size > size_) {
     return false;
   }
   memcpy(dst, &data_[addr], size);
   return true;
 }
 
-static bool PtraceRead(pid_t pid, uint64_t addr, long* value) {
+bool MemoryRemote::PtraceRead(uint64_t addr, long* value) {
 #if !defined(__LP64__)
   // Cannot read an address greater than 32 bits.
   if (addr > UINT32_MAX) {
@@ -130,7 +137,7 @@
   // ptrace() returns -1 and sets errno when the operation fails.
   // To disambiguate -1 from a valid result, we clear errno beforehand.
   errno = 0;
-  *value = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT, pid, reinterpret_cast<void*>(addr), nullptr);
+  *value = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT, pid_, reinterpret_cast<void*>(addr), nullptr);
   if (*value == -1 && errno) {
     return false;
   }
@@ -138,11 +145,17 @@
 }
 
 bool MemoryRemote::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t bytes) {
+  // Make sure that there is no overflow.
+  uint64_t max_size;
+  if (__builtin_add_overflow(addr, bytes, &max_size)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
   size_t bytes_read = 0;
   long data;
   size_t align_bytes = addr & (sizeof(long) - 1);
   if (align_bytes != 0) {
-    if (!PtraceRead(pid_, addr & ~(sizeof(long) - 1), &data)) {
+    if (!PtraceRead(addr & ~(sizeof(long) - 1), &data)) {
       return false;
     }
     size_t copy_bytes = std::min(sizeof(long) - align_bytes, bytes);
@@ -154,7 +167,7 @@
   }
 
   for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes / sizeof(long); i++) {
-    if (!PtraceRead(pid_, addr, &data)) {
+    if (!PtraceRead(addr, &data)) {
       return false;
     }
     memcpy(dst, &data, sizeof(long));
@@ -165,7 +178,7 @@
 
   size_t left_over = bytes & (sizeof(long) - 1);
   if (left_over) {
-    if (!PtraceRead(pid_, addr, &data)) {
+    if (!PtraceRead(addr, &data)) {
       return false;
     }
     memcpy(dst, &data, left_over);
@@ -175,7 +188,13 @@
 }
 
 bool MemoryLocal::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) {
-  // The process_vm_readv call does will not always work on remote
+  // Make sure that there is no overflow.
+  uint64_t max_size;
+  if (__builtin_add_overflow(addr, size, &max_size)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // The process_vm_readv call will not always work on remote
   // processes, so only use it for reads from the current pid.
   // Use this method to avoid crashes if an address is invalid since
   // unwind data could try to access any part of the address space.
@@ -208,9 +227,29 @@
 }
 
 bool MemoryOffline::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) {
-  if (addr < start_ || addr + size > start_ + offset_ + size_) {
+  uint64_t max_size;
+  if (__builtin_add_overflow(addr, size, &max_size)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint64_t real_size;
+  if (__builtin_add_overflow(start_, offset_, &real_size) ||
+      __builtin_add_overflow(real_size, size_, &real_size)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (addr < start_ || max_size > real_size) {
     return false;
   }
   memcpy(dst, &data_[addr + offset_ - start_ + sizeof(start_)], size);
   return true;
 }
+
+bool MemoryRange::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) {
+  uint64_t max_read;
+  if (__builtin_add_overflow(addr, size, &max_read) || max_read > length_) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // The check above guarantees that addr + begin_ will not overflow.
+  return memory_->Read(addr + begin_, dst, size);
+}
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Memory.h b/libunwindstack/Memory.h
index c5316a1..f9f6d56 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Memory.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/Memory.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_MEMORY_H
 #define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_MEMORY_H
 
+#include <assert.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -33,9 +34,16 @@
 
   virtual bool Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) = 0;
 
-  inline bool Read(uint64_t addr, void* start, void* field, size_t size) {
-    return Read(addr + reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(field) - reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(start),
-                field, size);
+  inline bool ReadField(uint64_t addr, void* start, void* field, size_t size) {
+    if (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(field) < reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(start)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    uint64_t offset = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(field) - reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(start);
+    if (__builtin_add_overflow(addr, offset, &offset)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // The read will check if offset + size overflows.
+    return Read(offset, field, size);
   }
 
   inline bool Read32(uint64_t addr, uint32_t* dst) {
@@ -103,6 +111,9 @@
 
   pid_t pid() { return pid_; }
 
+ protected:
+  virtual bool PtraceRead(uint64_t addr, long* value);
+
  private:
   pid_t pid_;
 };
@@ -118,15 +129,12 @@
 class MemoryRange : public Memory {
  public:
   MemoryRange(Memory* memory, uint64_t begin, uint64_t end)
-      : memory_(memory), begin_(begin), length_(end - begin_) {}
+      : memory_(memory), begin_(begin), length_(end - begin) {
+    assert(end > begin);
+  }
   virtual ~MemoryRange() { delete memory_; }
 
-  inline bool Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) override {
-    if (addr + size <= length_) {
-      return memory_->Read(addr + begin_, dst, size);
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
+  bool Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) override;
 
  private:
   Memory* memory_;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryBuffer.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryBuffer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af3d6b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryBuffer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "Memory.h"
+
+#include "LogFake.h"
+
+class MemoryBufferTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    ResetLogs();
+    memory_.reset(new MemoryBuffer);
+  }
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> memory_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(MemoryBufferTest, empty) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, memory_->Size());
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_->Read(0, buffer.data(), 1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, memory_->GetPtr(0));
+  ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, memory_->GetPtr(1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryBufferTest, write_read) {
+  memory_->Resize(256);
+  ASSERT_EQ(256U, memory_->Size());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_->GetPtr(0) != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_->GetPtr(1) != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_->GetPtr(255) != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_->GetPtr(256) == nullptr);
+
+  uint8_t* data = memory_->GetPtr(0);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < memory_->Size(); i++) {
+    data[i] = i;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(memory_->Size());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_->Read(0, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(i, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryBufferTest, read_failures) {
+  memory_->Resize(100);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(200);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_->Read(0, buffer.data(), 101));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_->Read(100, buffer.data(), 1));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_->Read(101, buffer.data(), 2));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_->Read(99, buffer.data(), 2));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_->Read(99, buffer.data(), 1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryBufferTest, read_failure_overflow) {
+  memory_->Resize(100);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(200);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_->Read(UINT64_MAX - 100, buffer.data(), 200));
+}
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.h b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.h
index e05736b..70ef30a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.h
@@ -75,4 +75,16 @@
   }
 };
 
+class MemoryFakeRemote : public MemoryRemote {
+ public:
+  MemoryFakeRemote() : MemoryRemote(0) {}
+  virtual ~MemoryFakeRemote() = default;
+
+ protected:
+  bool PtraceRead(uint64_t, long* value) override {
+    *value = 0;
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_TESTS_MEMORY_FAKE_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFileTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFileTest.cpp
index 870ca19..aa7a23a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFileTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFileTest.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
 #include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@
   TemporaryFile* tf_ = nullptr;
 };
 
-TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, offset_0) {
+TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, init_offset_0) {
   WriteTestData();
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory_.Init(tf_->path, 0));
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@
   ASSERT_STREQ("0123456789", buffer.data());
 }
 
-TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, offset_non_zero) {
+TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, init_offset_non_zero) {
   WriteTestData();
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory_.Init(tf_->path, 10));
@@ -59,7 +62,7 @@
   ASSERT_STREQ("abcdefghij", buffer.data());
 }
 
-TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, offset_non_zero_larger_than_pagesize) {
+TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, init_offset_non_zero_larger_than_pagesize) {
   size_t pagesize = getpagesize();
   std::string large_string;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < pagesize; i++) {
@@ -75,7 +78,7 @@
   ASSERT_STREQ("abcdefgh", buffer.data());
 }
 
-TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, offset_pagesize_aligned) {
+TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, init_offset_pagesize_aligned) {
   size_t pagesize = getpagesize();
   std::string data;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < 2 * pagesize; i++) {
@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@
   ASSERT_STREQ(expected_str.c_str(), buffer.data());
 }
 
-TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, offset_pagesize_aligned_plus_extra) {
+TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, init_offset_pagesize_aligned_plus_extra) {
   size_t pagesize = getpagesize();
   std::string data;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < 2 * pagesize; i++) {
@@ -117,6 +120,23 @@
   ASSERT_STREQ(expected_str.c_str(), buffer.data());
 }
 
+TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, init_offset_greater_than_filesize) {
+  size_t pagesize = getpagesize();
+  std::string data;
+  uint64_t file_size = 2 * pagesize + pagesize / 2;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < file_size; i++) {
+    data += static_cast<char>((i / pagesize) + '0');
+  }
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFd(data, tf_->fd));
+
+  // Check offset > file size fails and aligned_offset > file size.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_.Init(tf_->path, file_size + 2 * pagesize));
+  // Check offset == filesize fails.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_.Init(tf_->path, file_size));
+  // Check aligned_offset < filesize, but offset > filesize fails.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_.Init(tf_->path, 2 * pagesize + pagesize / 2 + pagesize / 4));
+}
+
 TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, read_error) {
   std::string data;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
@@ -137,32 +157,9 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory_.Read(4990, buffer.data(), 10));
   ASSERT_FALSE(memory_.Read(4999, buffer.data(), 2));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory_.Read(4999, buffer.data(), 1));
-}
 
-TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, read_string) {
-  std::string value("name_in_file");
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tf_->fd, value.c_str(), value.size() + 1));
-
-  std::string name;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_.Init(tf_->path, 0));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_.ReadString(0, &name));
-  ASSERT_EQ("name_in_file", name);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_.ReadString(5, &name));
-  ASSERT_EQ("in_file", name);
-}
-
-TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, read_string_error) {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer = { 0x23, 0x32, 0x45 };
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tf_->fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
-
-  std::string name;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_.Init(tf_->path, 0));
-
-  // Read from a non-existant address.
-  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_.ReadString(100, &name));
-
-  // This should fail because there is no terminating \0
-  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_.ReadString(0, &name));
+  // Check that overflow fails properly.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_.Read(UINT64_MAX - 100, buffer.data(), 200));
 }
 
 TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, read_past_file_within_mapping) {
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryLocalTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryLocalTest.cpp
index 0ba5f1c..ab999da 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryLocalTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryLocalTest.cpp
@@ -47,25 +47,6 @@
   }
 }
 
-TEST(MemoryLocalTest, read_string) {
-  std::string name("string_in_memory");
-
-  MemoryLocal local;
-
-  std::vector<uint8_t> dst(1024);
-  std::string dst_name;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(local.ReadString(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(name.c_str()), &dst_name));
-  ASSERT_EQ("string_in_memory", dst_name);
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(local.ReadString(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&name[7]), &dst_name));
-  ASSERT_EQ("in_memory", dst_name);
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(local.ReadString(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&name[7]), &dst_name, 10));
-  ASSERT_EQ("in_memory", dst_name);
-
-  ASSERT_FALSE(local.ReadString(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&name[7]), &dst_name, 9));
-}
-
 TEST(MemoryLocalTest, read_illegal) {
   MemoryLocal local;
 
@@ -73,3 +54,13 @@
   ASSERT_FALSE(local.Read(0, dst.data(), 1));
   ASSERT_FALSE(local.Read(0, dst.data(), 100));
 }
+
+TEST(MemoryLocalTest, read_overflow) {
+  MemoryLocal local;
+
+  // On 32 bit this test doesn't necessarily cause an overflow. The 64 bit
+  // version will always go through the overflow check.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> dst(100);
+  uint64_t value;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(local.Read(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&value), dst.data(), SIZE_MAX));
+}
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp
index d636ec4..ee5ba01 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
@@ -65,35 +66,14 @@
   ASSERT_FALSE(range.Read(1020, dst.data(), 5));
   ASSERT_FALSE(range.Read(1024, dst.data(), 1));
   ASSERT_FALSE(range.Read(1024, dst.data(), 1024));
+
+  // Verify that reading up to the end works.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(range.Read(1020, dst.data(), 4));
 }
 
-TEST_F(MemoryRangeTest, read_string_past_end) {
-  std::string name("0123456789");
-  memory_->SetMemory(0, name);
+TEST_F(MemoryRangeTest, read_overflow) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(100);
 
-  // Verify a read past the range fails.
-  MemoryRange range(memory_, 0, 5);
-  std::string dst_name;
-  ASSERT_FALSE(range.ReadString(0, &dst_name));
-}
-
-TEST_F(MemoryRangeTest, read_string_to_end) {
-  std::string name("0123456789");
-  memory_->SetMemory(30, name);
-
-  // Verify the range going to the end of the string works.
-  MemoryRange range(memory_, 30, 30 + name.size() + 1);
-  std::string dst_name;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(range.ReadString(0, &dst_name));
-  ASSERT_EQ("0123456789", dst_name);
-}
-
-TEST_F(MemoryRangeTest, read_string_fencepost) {
-  std::string name("0123456789");
-  memory_->SetMemory(10, name);
-
-  // Verify the range set to one byte less than the end of the string fails.
-  MemoryRange range(memory_, 10, 10 + name.size());
-  std::string dst_name;
-  ASSERT_FALSE(range.ReadString(0, &dst_name));
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryRange> overflow(new MemoryRange(new MemoryFakeAlwaysReadZero, 100, 200));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(overflow->Read(UINT64_MAX - 10, buffer.data(), 100));
 }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp
index 7664c3e..e48edf7 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@
 
 #include "Memory.h"
 
+#include "MemoryFake.h"
+
 class MemoryRemoteTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
   static uint64_t NanoTime() {
@@ -121,6 +123,9 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(remote.Read(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(src) + pagesize - 1, dst.data(), 1));
   ASSERT_FALSE(remote.Read(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(src) + pagesize - 4, dst.data(), 8));
 
+  // Check overflow condition is caught properly.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(remote.Read(UINT64_MAX - 100, dst.data(), 200));
+
   ASSERT_EQ(0, munmap(src, pagesize));
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(Detach(pid));
@@ -128,6 +133,14 @@
   kill(pid, SIGKILL);
 }
 
+TEST_F(MemoryRemoteTest, read_overflow) {
+  MemoryFakeRemote remote;
+
+  // Check overflow condition is caught properly.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> dst(200);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(remote.Read(UINT64_MAX - 100, dst.data(), 200));
+}
+
 TEST_F(MemoryRemoteTest, read_illegal) {
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51b5d7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "Memory.h"
+
+#include "MemoryFake.h"
+
+TEST(MemoryTest, read32) {
+  MemoryFakeAlwaysReadZero memory;
+
+  uint32_t data = 0xffffffff;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.Read32(0, &data));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, data);
+}
+
+TEST(MemoryTest, read64) {
+  MemoryFakeAlwaysReadZero memory;
+
+  uint64_t data = 0xffffffffffffffffULL;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.Read64(0, &data));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, data);
+}
+
+struct FakeStruct {
+  int one;
+  bool two;
+  uint32_t three;
+  uint64_t four;
+};
+
+TEST(MemoryTest, read_field) {
+  MemoryFakeAlwaysReadZero memory;
+
+  FakeStruct data;
+  memset(&data, 0xff, sizeof(data));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadField(0, &data, &data.one, sizeof(data.one)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, data.one);
+
+  memset(&data, 0xff, sizeof(data));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadField(0, &data, &data.two, sizeof(data.two)));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(data.two);
+
+  memset(&data, 0xff, sizeof(data));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadField(0, &data, &data.three, sizeof(data.three)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, data.three);
+
+  memset(&data, 0xff, sizeof(data));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadField(0, &data, &data.four, sizeof(data.four)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, data.four);
+}
+
+TEST(MemoryTest, read_field_fails) {
+  MemoryFakeAlwaysReadZero memory;
+
+  FakeStruct data;
+  memset(&data, 0xff, sizeof(data));
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory.ReadField(UINT64_MAX, &data, &data.three, sizeof(data.three)));
+
+  // Field and start reversed, should fail.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory.ReadField(100, &data.two, &data, sizeof(data.two)));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory.ReadField(0, &data.two, &data, sizeof(data.two)));
+}
+
+TEST(MemoryTest, read_string) {
+  std::string name("string_in_memory");
+
+  MemoryFake memory;
+
+  memory.SetMemory(100, name.c_str(), name.size() + 1);
+
+  std::string dst_name;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadString(100, &dst_name));
+  ASSERT_EQ("string_in_memory", dst_name);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadString(107, &dst_name));
+  ASSERT_EQ("in_memory", dst_name);
+
+  // Set size greater than string.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadString(107, &dst_name, 10));
+  ASSERT_EQ("in_memory", dst_name);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory.ReadString(107, &dst_name, 9));
+}
+
+TEST(MemoryTest, read_string_error) {
+  std::string name("short");
+
+  MemoryFake memory;
+
+  // Save everything except the terminating '\0'.
+  memory.SetMemory(0, name.c_str(), name.size());
+
+  std::string dst_name;
+  // Read from a non-existant address.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory.ReadString(100, &dst_name));
+
+  // This should fail because there is no terminating '\0'.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory.ReadString(0, &dst_name));
+
+  // This should pass because there is a terminating '\0'.
+  memory.SetData8(name.size(), '\0');
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadString(0, &dst_name));
+  ASSERT_EQ("short", dst_name);
+}
diff --git a/logcat/logcat.cpp b/logcat/logcat.cpp
index 8134936..64d1d2f 100644
--- a/logcat/logcat.cpp
+++ b/logcat/logcat.cpp
@@ -882,6 +882,7 @@
           { "grep",          required_argument, nullptr, 'e' },
           // hidden and undocumented reserved alias for --max-count
           { "head",          required_argument, nullptr, 'm' },
+          { "help",          no_argument,       nullptr, 'h' },
           { id_str,          required_argument, nullptr, 0 },
           { "last",          no_argument,       nullptr, 'L' },
           { "max-count",     required_argument, nullptr, 'm' },
@@ -900,9 +901,8 @@
         };
         // clang-format on
 
-        ret = getopt_long_r(argc, argv,
-                            ":cdDLt:T:gG:sQf:r:n:v:b:BSpP:m:e:", long_options,
-                            &option_index, &optctx);
+        ret = getopt_long_r(argc, argv, ":cdDhLt:T:gG:sQf:r:n:v:b:BSpP:m:e:",
+                            long_options, &option_index, &optctx);
         if (ret < 0) break;
 
         switch (ret) {
@@ -1304,6 +1304,11 @@
                              "Option -%c needs an argument\n", optctx.optopt);
                 goto exit;
 
+            case 'h':
+                show_help(context);
+                show_format_help(context);
+                goto exit;
+
             default:
                 logcat_panic(context, HELP_TRUE, "Unrecognized Option %c\n",
                              optctx.optopt);
diff --git a/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp b/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp
index a3a0176..d802b26 100644
--- a/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp
+++ b/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp
@@ -1668,3 +1668,22 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(reportedSecurity("logcat -b security -c 2>&1"));
     EXPECT_TRUE(reportedSecurity("logcat -b security -G 256K 2>&1"));
 }
+
+static size_t commandOutputSize(const char* command) {
+    logcat_define(ctx);
+    FILE* fp = logcat_popen(ctx, command);
+    if (!fp) return 0;
+
+    std::string ret;
+    if (!android::base::ReadFdToString(fileno(fp), &ret)) return 0;
+    if (logcat_pclose(ctx, fp) != 0) return 0;
+
+    return ret.size();
+}
+
+TEST(logcat, help) {
+    size_t logcatHelpTextSize = commandOutputSize("logcat -h 2>&1");
+    EXPECT_LT(4096UL, logcatHelpTextSize);
+    size_t logcatLastHelpTextSize = commandOutputSize("logcat -L -h 2>&1");
+    EXPECT_EQ(logcatHelpTextSize, logcatLastHelpTextSize);
+}
diff --git a/qemu_pipe/Android.mk b/qemu_pipe/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 6e0144c..0000000
--- a/qemu_pipe/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2011 The Android Open Source Project
-
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-
-common_static_libraries := \
-    libbase
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
-LOCAL_SANITIZE := integer
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
-    qemu_pipe.cpp
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := \
-    $(LOCAL_PATH)/include \
-    system/base/include
-LOCAL_MODULE:= libqemu_pipe
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := $(common_static_libraries)
-LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDE_DIRS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
-LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Werror
-include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
diff --git a/qemu_pipe/include/qemu_pipe.h b/qemu_pipe/include/qemu_pipe.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 0987498..0000000
--- a/qemu_pipe/include/qemu_pipe.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#ifndef ANDROID_CORE_INCLUDE_QEMU_PIPE_H
-#define ANDROID_CORE_INCLUDE_QEMU_PIPE_H
-
-#include <stddef.h>
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-extern "C" {
-#endif
-// Try to open a new Qemu fast-pipe. This function returns a file descriptor
-// that can be used to communicate with a named service managed by the
-// emulator.
-//
-// This file descriptor can be used as a standard pipe/socket descriptor.
-//
-// 'pipeName' is the name of the emulator service you want to connect to,
-// and should begin with 'pipe:' (e.g. 'pipe:camera' or 'pipe:opengles').
-// For backward compatibility, the 'pipe:' prefix can be omitted, and in
-// that case, qemu_pipe_open will add it for you.
-
-// On success, return a valid file descriptor, or -1/errno on failure. E.g.:
-//
-// EINVAL  -> unknown/unsupported pipeName
-// ENOSYS  -> fast pipes not available in this system.
-//
-// ENOSYS should never happen, except if you're trying to run within a
-// misconfigured emulator.
-//
-// You should be able to open several pipes to the same pipe service,
-// except for a few special cases (e.g. GSM modem), where EBUSY will be
-// returned if more than one client tries to connect to it.
-int qemu_pipe_open(const char* pipeName);
-
-// Send a framed message |buff| of |len| bytes through the |fd| descriptor.
-// This really adds a 4-hexchar prefix describing the payload size.
-// Returns 0 on success, and -1 on error.
-int qemu_pipe_frame_send(int fd, const void* buff, size_t len);
-
-// Read a frame message from |fd|, and store it into |buff| of |len| bytes.
-// If the framed message is larger than |len|, then this returns -1 and the
-// content is lost. Otherwise, this returns the size of the message. NOTE:
-// empty messages are possible in a framed wire protocol and do not mean
-// end-of-stream.
-int qemu_pipe_frame_recv(int fd, void* buff, size_t len);
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}
-#endif
-
-#endif /* ANDROID_CORE_INCLUDE_QEMU_PIPE_H */
diff --git a/qemu_pipe/qemu_pipe.cpp b/qemu_pipe/qemu_pipe.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index beeccb0..0000000
--- a/qemu_pipe/qemu_pipe.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "qemu_pipe.h"
-
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-
-#include <android-base/file.h>
-
-using android::base::ReadFully;
-using android::base::WriteFully;
-
-// Define QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG if you want to print error messages when an error
-// occurs during pipe operations. The macro should simply take a printf-style
-// formatting string followed by optional arguments.
-#ifndef QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG
-#  define  QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG(...)   (void)0
-#endif
-
-int qemu_pipe_open(const char* pipeName) {
-    // Sanity check.
-    if (!pipeName) {
-        errno = EINVAL;
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open("/dev/qemu_pipe", O_RDWR));
-    if (fd < 0) {
-        QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG("%s: Could not open /dev/qemu_pipe: %s", __FUNCTION__,
-                        strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    // Write the pipe name, *including* the trailing zero which is necessary.
-    size_t pipeNameLen = strlen(pipeName);
-    if (WriteFully(fd, pipeName, pipeNameLen + 1U)) {
-        return fd;
-    }
-
-    // now, add 'pipe:' prefix and try again
-    // Note: host side will wait for the trailing '\0' to start
-    // service lookup.
-    const char pipe_prefix[] = "pipe:";
-    if (WriteFully(fd, pipe_prefix, strlen(pipe_prefix)) &&
-            WriteFully(fd, pipeName, pipeNameLen + 1U)) {
-        return fd;
-    }
-    QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG("%s: Could not write to %s pipe service: %s",
-            __FUNCTION__, pipeName, strerror(errno));
-    close(fd);
-    return -1;
-}
-
-int qemu_pipe_frame_send(int fd, const void* buff, size_t len) {
-    char header[5];
-    snprintf(header, sizeof(header), "%04zx", len);
-    if (!WriteFully(fd, header, 4)) {
-        QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG("Can't write qemud frame header: %s", strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (!WriteFully(fd, buff, len)) {
-        QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG("Can't write qemud frame payload: %s", strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int qemu_pipe_frame_recv(int fd, void* buff, size_t len) {
-    char header[5];
-    if (!ReadFully(fd, header, 4)) {
-        QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG("Can't read qemud frame header: %s", strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-    header[4] = '\0';
-    size_t size;
-    if (sscanf(header, "%04zx", &size) != 1) {
-        QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG("Malformed qemud frame header: [%.*s]", 4, header);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (size > len) {
-        QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG("Oversized qemud frame (% bytes, expected <= %)", size,
-                        len);
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (!ReadFully(fd, buff, size)) {
-        QEMU_PIPE_DEBUG("Could not read qemud frame payload: %s",
-                        strerror(errno));
-        return -1;
-    }
-    return size;
-}
diff --git a/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp b/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81cf315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+phony {
+    name: "shell_and_utilities",
+    required: [
+        "bzip2",
+        "grep",
+        "gzip",
+        "mkshrc",
+        "reboot",
+        "sh",
+        "toolbox",
+        "toybox",
+    ],
+}