diff --git a/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp b/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
index 2bf48fc..d669ebe 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
+++ b/libprocessgroup/processgroup.cpp
@@ -131,25 +131,13 @@
     return StringPrintf("%s/uid_%d/pid_%d", cgroup, uid, pid);
 }
 
-static int RemoveProcessGroup(const char* cgroup, uid_t uid, int pid, unsigned int retries) {
-    int ret = 0;
+static int RemoveProcessGroup(const char* cgroup, uid_t uid, int pid) {
+    int ret;
+
     auto uid_pid_path = ConvertUidPidToPath(cgroup, uid, pid);
+    ret = rmdir(uid_pid_path.c_str());
+
     auto uid_path = ConvertUidToPath(cgroup, uid);
-
-    if (retries == 0) {
-        retries = 1;
-    }
-
-    while (retries--) {
-        ret = rmdir(uid_pid_path.c_str());
-        if (!ret || errno != EBUSY) break;
-        std::this_thread::sleep_for(5ms);
-    }
-
-    // With the exception of boot or shutdown, system uid_ folders are always populated. Spinning
-    // here would needlessly delay most pid removals. Additionally, once empty a uid_ cgroup won't
-    // have processes hanging on it (we've already spun for all its pid_), so there's no need to
-    // spin anyway.
     rmdir(uid_path.c_str());
 
     return ret;
@@ -188,7 +176,7 @@
     std::vector<std::string> cgroups;
     std::string path;
 
-    if (CgroupGetControllerPath(CGROUPV2_CONTROLLER_NAME, &path)) {
+    if (CgroupGetControllerPath("cpuacct", &path)) {
         cgroups.push_back(path);
     }
     if (CgroupGetControllerPath("memory", &path)) {
@@ -224,49 +212,19 @@
     }
 }
 
-/**
- * Process groups are primarily created by the Zygote, meaning that uid/pid groups are created by
- * the user root. Ownership for the newly created cgroup and all of its files must thus be
- * transferred for the user/group passed as uid/gid before system_server can properly access them.
- */
 static bool MkdirAndChown(const std::string& path, mode_t mode, uid_t uid, gid_t gid) {
     if (mkdir(path.c_str(), mode) == -1 && errno != EEXIST) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    auto dir = std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)>(opendir(path.c_str()), closedir);
-
-    if (dir == NULL) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "opendir failed for " << path;
-        goto err;
-    }
-
-    struct dirent* dir_entry;
-    while ((dir_entry = readdir(dir.get()))) {
-        if (!strcmp("..", dir_entry->d_name)) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        std::string file_path = path + "/" + dir_entry->d_name;
-
-        if (lchown(file_path.c_str(), uid, gid) < 0) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "lchown failed for " << file_path;
-            goto err;
-        }
-
-        if (fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, file_path.c_str(), mode, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW) != 0) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "fchmodat failed for " << file_path;
-            goto err;
-        }
+    if (chown(path.c_str(), uid, gid) == -1) {
+        int saved_errno = errno;
+        rmdir(path.c_str());
+        errno = saved_errno;
+        return false;
     }
 
     return true;
-err:
-    int saved_errno = errno;
-    rmdir(path.c_str());
-    errno = saved_errno;
-
-    return false;
 }
 
 // Returns number of processes killed on success
@@ -344,9 +302,17 @@
 
 static int KillProcessGroup(uid_t uid, int initialPid, int signal, int retries,
                             int* max_processes) {
-    std::string hierarchy_root_path;
-    CgroupGetControllerPath(CGROUPV2_CONTROLLER_NAME, &hierarchy_root_path);
-    const char* cgroup = hierarchy_root_path.c_str();
+    std::string cpuacct_path;
+    std::string memory_path;
+
+    CgroupGetControllerPath("cpuacct", &cpuacct_path);
+    CgroupGetControllerPath("memory", &memory_path);
+    memory_path += "/apps";
+
+    const char* cgroup =
+            (!access(ConvertUidPidToPath(cpuacct_path.c_str(), uid, initialPid).c_str(), F_OK))
+                    ? cpuacct_path.c_str()
+                    : memory_path.c_str();
 
     std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
 
@@ -389,17 +355,7 @@
             LOG(INFO) << "Successfully killed process cgroup uid " << uid << " pid " << initialPid
                       << " in " << static_cast<int>(ms) << "ms";
         }
-
-        int err = RemoveProcessGroup(cgroup, uid, initialPid, retries);
-
-        if (isMemoryCgroupSupported() && UsePerAppMemcg()) {
-            std::string memory_path;
-            CgroupGetControllerPath("memory", &memory_path);
-            memory_path += "/apps";
-            if (RemoveProcessGroup(memory_path.c_str(), uid, initialPid, retries)) return -1;
-        }
-
-        return err;
+        return RemoveProcessGroup(cgroup, uid, initialPid);
     } else {
         if (retries > 0) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to kill process cgroup uid " << uid << " pid " << initialPid
@@ -418,7 +374,15 @@
     return KillProcessGroup(uid, initialPid, signal, 0 /*retries*/, max_processes);
 }
 
-static int createProcessGroupInternal(uid_t uid, int initialPid, std::string cgroup) {
+int createProcessGroup(uid_t uid, int initialPid, bool memControl) {
+    std::string cgroup;
+    if (isMemoryCgroupSupported() && (memControl || UsePerAppMemcg())) {
+        CgroupGetControllerPath("memory", &cgroup);
+        cgroup += "/apps";
+    } else {
+        CgroupGetControllerPath("cpuacct", &cgroup);
+    }
+
     auto uid_path = ConvertUidToPath(cgroup.c_str(), uid);
 
     if (!MkdirAndChown(uid_path, 0750, AID_SYSTEM, AID_SYSTEM)) {
@@ -444,27 +408,6 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
-int createProcessGroup(uid_t uid, int initialPid, bool memControl) {
-    std::string cgroup;
-
-    if (memControl && !UsePerAppMemcg()) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "service memory controls are used without per-process memory cgroup support";
-        return -EINVAL;
-    }
-
-    if (isMemoryCgroupSupported() && UsePerAppMemcg()) {
-        CgroupGetControllerPath("memory", &cgroup);
-        cgroup += "/apps";
-        int ret = createProcessGroupInternal(uid, initialPid, cgroup);
-        if (ret != 0) {
-            return ret;
-        }
-    }
-
-    CgroupGetControllerPath(CGROUPV2_CONTROLLER_NAME, &cgroup);
-    return createProcessGroupInternal(uid, initialPid, cgroup);
-}
-
 static bool SetProcessGroupValue(int tid, const std::string& attr_name, int64_t value) {
     if (!isMemoryCgroupSupported()) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "Memcg is not mounted.";
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/profiles/cgroups.json b/libprocessgroup/profiles/cgroups.json
index 7bcb94b..5b7a28a 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/profiles/cgroups.json
+++ b/libprocessgroup/profiles/cgroups.json
@@ -15,6 +15,11 @@
       "GID": "system"
     },
     {
+      "Controller": "cpuacct",
+      "Path": "/acct",
+      "Mode": "0555"
+    },
+    {
       "Controller": "cpuset",
       "Path": "/dev/cpuset",
       "Mode": "0755",
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/profiles/cgroups.recovery.json b/libprocessgroup/profiles/cgroups.recovery.json
index 2c63c08..f0bf5fd 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/profiles/cgroups.recovery.json
+++ b/libprocessgroup/profiles/cgroups.recovery.json
@@ -1,2 +1,9 @@
 {
+  "Cgroups": [
+    {
+      "Controller": "cpuacct",
+      "Path": "/acct",
+      "Mode": "0555"
+    }
+  ]
 }