diff --git a/.clang-format-2 b/.clang-format-2
index aab4665..41591ce 100644
--- a/.clang-format-2
+++ b/.clang-format-2
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 BasedOnStyle: Google
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: Inline
 ColumnLimit: 100
 CommentPragmas: NOLINT:.*
 DerivePointerAlignment: false
diff --git a/.clang-format-4 b/.clang-format-4
index 1497447..ae4a451 100644
--- a/.clang-format-4
+++ b/.clang-format-4
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 BasedOnStyle: Google
 AccessModifierOffset: -2
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: Inline
 ColumnLimit: 100
 CommentPragmas: NOLINT:.*
 DerivePointerAlignment: false
diff --git a/adb/adb.cpp b/adb/adb.cpp
index 577e9b9..cf6b359 100644
--- a/adb/adb.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb.cpp
@@ -59,10 +59,12 @@
 
 std::string adb_version() {
     // Don't change the format of this --- it's parsed by ddmlib.
-    return android::base::StringPrintf("Android Debug Bridge version %d.%d.%d\n"
-                                       "Revision %s\n",
-                                       ADB_VERSION_MAJOR, ADB_VERSION_MINOR, ADB_SERVER_VERSION,
-                                       ADB_REVISION);
+    return android::base::StringPrintf(
+        "Android Debug Bridge version %d.%d.%d\n"
+        "Revision %s\n"
+        "Installed as %s\n",
+        ADB_VERSION_MAJOR, ADB_VERSION_MINOR, ADB_SERVER_VERSION, ADB_REVISION,
+        android::base::GetExecutablePath().c_str());
 }
 
 void fatal(const char *fmt, ...) {
diff --git a/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp b/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp
index 7adb262..c48a251 100644
--- a/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/usb_libusb.cpp
@@ -306,14 +306,6 @@
             }
             device_serial.resize(rc);
 
-            // Try to reset the device.
-            rc = libusb_reset_device(handle_raw);
-            if (rc != 0) {
-                LOG(WARNING) << "failed to reset opened device '" << device_serial
-                             << "': " << libusb_error_name(rc);
-                continue;
-            }
-
             // WARNING: this isn't released via RAII.
             rc = libusb_claim_interface(handle.get(), interface_num);
             if (rc != 0) {
diff --git a/adb/sysdeps.h b/adb/sysdeps.h
index f195b4e..f95a855 100644
--- a/adb/sysdeps.h
+++ b/adb/sysdeps.h
@@ -268,10 +268,6 @@
 #undef   accept
 #define  accept  ___xxx_accept
 
-int adb_getsockname(int fd, struct sockaddr* sockaddr, socklen_t* optlen);
-#undef getsockname
-#define getsockname(...) ___xxx_getsockname(__VA__ARGS__)
-
 // Returns the local port number of a bound socket, or -1 on failure.
 int adb_socket_get_local_port(int fd);
 
diff --git a/adb/sysdeps_win32.cpp b/adb/sysdeps_win32.cpp
index f997e6b..5873b2b 100644
--- a/adb/sysdeps_win32.cpp
+++ b/adb/sysdeps_win32.cpp
@@ -984,7 +984,7 @@
         return -1;
     }
 
-    int result = (getsockname)(fh->fh_socket, sockaddr, optlen);
+    int result = getsockname(fh->fh_socket, sockaddr, optlen);
     if (result == SOCKET_ERROR) {
         const DWORD err = WSAGetLastError();
         D("adb_getsockname: setsockopt on fd %d failed: %s\n", fd,
@@ -1042,11 +1042,6 @@
     int local_port = -1;
     std::string error;
 
-    struct sockaddr_storage peer_addr = {};
-    struct sockaddr_storage client_addr = {};
-    socklen_t peer_socklen = sizeof(peer_addr);
-    socklen_t client_socklen = sizeof(client_addr);
-
     server = network_loopback_server(0, SOCK_STREAM, &error);
     if (server < 0) {
         D("adb_socketpair: failed to create server: %s", error.c_str());
@@ -1066,32 +1061,12 @@
         goto fail;
     }
 
-    // Make sure that the peer that connected to us and the client are the same.
-    accepted = adb_socket_accept(server, reinterpret_cast<sockaddr*>(&peer_addr), &peer_socklen);
+    accepted = adb_socket_accept(server, nullptr, nullptr);
     if (accepted < 0) {
         D("adb_socketpair: failed to accept: %s", strerror(errno));
         goto fail;
     }
-
-    if (adb_getsockname(client, reinterpret_cast<sockaddr*>(&client_addr), &client_socklen) != 0) {
-        D("adb_socketpair: failed to getpeername: %s", strerror(errno));
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    if (peer_socklen != client_socklen) {
-        D("adb_socketpair: client and peer sockaddrs have different lengths");
-        errno = EIO;
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
-    if (memcmp(&peer_addr, &client_addr, peer_socklen) != 0) {
-        D("adb_socketpair: client and peer sockaddrs don't match");
-        errno = EIO;
-        goto fail;
-    }
-
     adb_close(server);
-
     sv[0] = client;
     sv[1] = accepted;
     return 0;
diff --git a/base/Android.bp b/base/Android.bp
index 7b1dc8e..121da42 100644
--- a/base/Android.bp
+++ b/base/Android.bp
@@ -42,24 +42,36 @@
             srcs: [
                 "errors_unix.cpp",
                 "properties.cpp",
+                "chrono_utils.cpp",
             ],
             cppflags: ["-Wexit-time-destructors"],
             sanitize: {
                 misc_undefined: ["integer"],
             },
+
         },
         darwin: {
-            srcs: ["errors_unix.cpp"],
+            srcs: [
+                "chrono_utils.cpp",
+                "errors_unix.cpp",
+            ],
             cppflags: ["-Wexit-time-destructors"],
         },
         linux_bionic: {
-            srcs: ["errors_unix.cpp"],
+            srcs: [
+                "chrono_utils.cpp",
+                "errors_unix.cpp",
+            ],
             cppflags: ["-Wexit-time-destructors"],
             enabled: true,
         },
         linux: {
-            srcs: ["errors_unix.cpp"],
+            srcs: [
+                "chrono_utils.cpp",
+                "errors_unix.cpp",
+            ],
             cppflags: ["-Wexit-time-destructors"],
+            host_ldlibs: ["-lrt"],
         },
         windows: {
             srcs: [
@@ -92,11 +104,18 @@
     ],
     target: {
         android: {
-            srcs: ["properties_test.cpp"],
+            srcs: [
+                "chrono_utils_test.cpp",
+                "properties_test.cpp"
+            ],
             sanitize: {
                 misc_undefined: ["integer"],
             },
         },
+        linux: {
+            srcs: ["chrono_utils_test.cpp"],
+            host_ldlibs: ["-lrt"],
+        },
         windows: {
             srcs: ["utf8_test.cpp"],
             enabled: true,
diff --git a/base/chrono_utils.cpp b/base/chrono_utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5eedf3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/base/chrono_utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "android-base/chrono_utils.h"
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace base {
+
+boot_clock::time_point boot_clock::now() {
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+  timespec ts;
+  clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &ts);
+  return boot_clock::time_point(std::chrono::seconds(ts.tv_sec) +
+                                std::chrono::nanoseconds(ts.tv_nsec));
+#else
+  // Darwin does not support clock_gettime.
+  return boot_clock::time_point();
+#endif  // __ANDROID__
+}
+
+}  // namespace base
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/base/chrono_utils_test.cpp b/base/chrono_utils_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..057132d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/base/chrono_utils_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include "android-base/chrono_utils.h"
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace base {
+
+std::chrono::seconds GetBootTimeSeconds() {
+  struct timespec now;
+  clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &now);
+
+  auto now_tp = boot_clock::time_point(std::chrono::seconds(now.tv_sec) +
+                                       std::chrono::nanoseconds(now.tv_nsec));
+  return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(now_tp.time_since_epoch());
+}
+
+// Tests (at least) the seconds accuracy of the boot_clock::now() method.
+TEST(ChronoUtilsTest, BootClockNowSeconds) {
+  auto now = GetBootTimeSeconds();
+  auto boot_seconds =
+      std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(boot_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
+  EXPECT_EQ(now, boot_seconds);
+}
+
+}  // namespace base
+}  // namespace android
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/chrono_utils.h b/base/include/android-base/chrono_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0086425
--- /dev/null
+++ b/base/include/android-base/chrono_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef ANDROID_BASE_CHRONO_UTILS_H
+#define ANDROID_BASE_CHRONO_UTILS_H
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace base {
+
+// A std::chrono clock based on CLOCK_BOOTTIME.
+class boot_clock {
+ public:
+  typedef std::chrono::nanoseconds duration;
+  typedef std::chrono::time_point<boot_clock, duration> time_point;
+
+  static time_point now();
+};
+
+}  // namespace base
+}  // namespace android
+
+#endif  // ANDROID_BASE_CHRONO_UTILS_H
diff --git a/base/include/android-base/properties.h b/base/include/android-base/properties.h
index 4de5e57..041586c 100644
--- a/base/include/android-base/properties.h
+++ b/base/include/android-base/properties.h
@@ -62,15 +62,14 @@
 // Waits for the system property `key` to have the value `expected_value`.
 // Times out after `relative_timeout`.
 // Returns true on success, false on timeout.
-bool WaitForProperty(const std::string& key,
-                     const std::string& expected_value,
-                     std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout);
+bool WaitForProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& expected_value,
+                     std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout = std::chrono::milliseconds::max());
 
 // Waits for the system property `key` to be created.
 // Times out after `relative_timeout`.
 // Returns true on success, false on timeout.
-bool WaitForPropertyCreation(const std::string& key,
-                             std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout);
+bool WaitForPropertyCreation(const std::string& key, std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout =
+                                                         std::chrono::milliseconds::max());
 
 } // namespace base
 } // namespace android
diff --git a/base/properties.cpp b/base/properties.cpp
index 32c0128..816bca0 100644
--- a/base/properties.cpp
+++ b/base/properties.cpp
@@ -101,22 +101,24 @@
 }
 
 // TODO: chrono_utils?
-static void DurationToTimeSpec(timespec& ts, std::chrono::nanoseconds d) {
+static void DurationToTimeSpec(timespec& ts, const std::chrono::milliseconds d) {
   auto s = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(d);
   auto ns = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(d - s);
   ts.tv_sec = s.count();
   ts.tv_nsec = ns.count();
 }
 
+// TODO: boot_clock?
 using AbsTime = std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock>;
 
-static void UpdateTimeSpec(timespec& ts,
-                           const AbsTime& timeout) {
+static void UpdateTimeSpec(timespec& ts, std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout,
+                           const AbsTime& start_time) {
   auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-  auto remaining_timeout = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(timeout - now);
-  if (remaining_timeout < 0ns) {
+  auto time_elapsed = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(now - start_time);
+  if (time_elapsed >= relative_timeout) {
     ts = { 0, 0 };
   } else {
+    auto remaining_timeout = relative_timeout - time_elapsed;
     DurationToTimeSpec(ts, remaining_timeout);
   }
 }
@@ -127,11 +129,7 @@
 // Returns nullptr on timeout.
 static const prop_info* WaitForPropertyCreation(const std::string& key,
                                                 const std::chrono::milliseconds& relative_timeout,
-                                                AbsTime& absolute_timeout) {
-  // TODO: boot_clock?
-  auto now = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-  absolute_timeout = now + relative_timeout;
-
+                                                const AbsTime& start_time) {
   // Find the property's prop_info*.
   const prop_info* pi;
   unsigned global_serial = 0;
@@ -139,17 +137,16 @@
     // The property doesn't even exist yet.
     // Wait for a global change and then look again.
     timespec ts;
-    UpdateTimeSpec(ts, absolute_timeout);
+    UpdateTimeSpec(ts, relative_timeout, start_time);
     if (!__system_property_wait(nullptr, global_serial, &global_serial, &ts)) return nullptr;
   }
   return pi;
 }
 
-bool WaitForProperty(const std::string& key,
-                     const std::string& expected_value,
+bool WaitForProperty(const std::string& key, const std::string& expected_value,
                      std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout) {
-  AbsTime absolute_timeout;
-  const prop_info* pi = WaitForPropertyCreation(key, relative_timeout, absolute_timeout);
+  auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+  const prop_info* pi = WaitForPropertyCreation(key, relative_timeout, start_time);
   if (pi == nullptr) return false;
 
   WaitForPropertyData data;
@@ -162,7 +159,7 @@
     if (data.done) return true;
 
     // It didn't, so wait for the property to change before checking again.
-    UpdateTimeSpec(ts, absolute_timeout);
+    UpdateTimeSpec(ts, relative_timeout, start_time);
     uint32_t unused;
     if (!__system_property_wait(pi, data.last_read_serial, &unused, &ts)) return false;
   }
@@ -170,8 +167,8 @@
 
 bool WaitForPropertyCreation(const std::string& key,
                              std::chrono::milliseconds relative_timeout) {
-  AbsTime absolute_timeout;
-  return (WaitForPropertyCreation(key, relative_timeout, absolute_timeout) != nullptr);
+  auto start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+  return (WaitForPropertyCreation(key, relative_timeout, start_time) != nullptr);
 }
 
 }  // namespace base
diff --git a/base/properties_test.cpp b/base/properties_test.cpp
index 1bbe482..de5f3dc 100644
--- a/base/properties_test.cpp
+++ b/base/properties_test.cpp
@@ -151,6 +151,38 @@
   ASSERT_LT(std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(t1 - t0), 600ms);
 }
 
+TEST(properties, WaitForProperty_MaxTimeout) {
+  std::atomic<bool> flag{false};
+  std::thread thread([&]() {
+    android::base::SetProperty("debug.libbase.WaitForProperty_test", "a");
+    while (!flag) std::this_thread::yield();
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(500ms);
+    android::base::SetProperty("debug.libbase.WaitForProperty_test", "b");
+  });
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WaitForProperty("debug.libbase.WaitForProperty_test", "a", 1s));
+  flag = true;
+  // Test that this does not immediately return false due to overflow issues with the timeout.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WaitForProperty("debug.libbase.WaitForProperty_test", "b"));
+  thread.join();
+}
+
+TEST(properties, WaitForProperty_NegativeTimeout) {
+  std::atomic<bool> flag{false};
+  std::thread thread([&]() {
+    android::base::SetProperty("debug.libbase.WaitForProperty_test", "a");
+    while (!flag) std::this_thread::yield();
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(500ms);
+    android::base::SetProperty("debug.libbase.WaitForProperty_test", "b");
+  });
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WaitForProperty("debug.libbase.WaitForProperty_test", "a", 1s));
+  flag = true;
+  // Assert that this immediately returns with a negative timeout
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::WaitForProperty("debug.libbase.WaitForProperty_test", "b", -100ms));
+  thread.join();
+}
+
 TEST(properties, WaitForPropertyCreation) {
   std::thread thread([&]() {
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
diff --git a/bootstat/Android.bp b/bootstat/Android.bp
index f744ad1..95c9af5 100644
--- a/bootstat/Android.bp
+++ b/bootstat/Android.bp
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 bootstat_lib_src_files = [
     "boot_event_record_store.cpp",
-    "uptime_parser.cpp",
 ]
 
 cc_defaults {
diff --git a/bootstat/boot_event_record_store.cpp b/bootstat/boot_event_record_store.cpp
index 2648594..99d9405 100644
--- a/bootstat/boot_event_record_store.cpp
+++ b/bootstat/boot_event_record_store.cpp
@@ -20,13 +20,16 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <utime.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
+
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
-#include "uptime_parser.h"
 
 namespace {
 
@@ -55,7 +58,9 @@
 }
 
 void BootEventRecordStore::AddBootEvent(const std::string& event) {
-  AddBootEventWithValue(event, bootstat::ParseUptime());
+    auto uptime = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(
+        android::base::boot_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
+    AddBootEventWithValue(event, uptime.count());
 }
 
 // The implementation of AddBootEventValue makes use of the mtime file
diff --git a/bootstat/boot_event_record_store_test.cpp b/bootstat/boot_event_record_store_test.cpp
index 90f6513..d98169b 100644
--- a/bootstat/boot_event_record_store_test.cpp
+++ b/bootstat/boot_event_record_store_test.cpp
@@ -21,15 +21,18 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdlib>
+
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
-#include "uptime_parser.h"
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 using testing::UnorderedElementsAreArray;
 
@@ -89,6 +92,13 @@
   rmdir(path.c_str());
 }
 
+// Returns the time in seconds since boot.
+time_t GetUptimeSeconds() {
+    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(
+               android::base::boot_clock::now().time_since_epoch())
+        .count();
+}
+
 class BootEventRecordStoreTest : public ::testing::Test {
  public:
   BootEventRecordStoreTest() {
@@ -126,7 +136,7 @@
   BootEventRecordStore store;
   store.SetStorePath(GetStorePathForTesting());
 
-  time_t uptime = bootstat::ParseUptime();
+  time_t uptime = GetUptimeSeconds();
   ASSERT_NE(-1, uptime);
 
   store.AddBootEvent("cenozoic");
@@ -141,7 +151,7 @@
   BootEventRecordStore store;
   store.SetStorePath(GetStorePathForTesting());
 
-  time_t uptime = bootstat::ParseUptime();
+  time_t uptime = GetUptimeSeconds();
   ASSERT_NE(-1, uptime);
 
   store.AddBootEvent("cretaceous");
diff --git a/bootstat/bootstat.cpp b/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
index a4cc5f2..6f25d96 100644
--- a/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
+++ b/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <getopt.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdio>
@@ -30,15 +31,15 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include <android/log.h>
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
+#include <android/log.h>
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
 #include <metricslogger/metrics_logger.h>
 
 #include "boot_event_record_store.h"
-#include "uptime_parser.h"
 
 namespace {
 
@@ -255,7 +256,8 @@
   BootEventRecordStore boot_event_store;
   BootEventRecordStore::BootEventRecord record;
 
-  time_t uptime = bootstat::ParseUptime();
+  auto uptime = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(
+      android::base::boot_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
   time_t current_time_utc = time(nullptr);
 
   if (boot_event_store.GetBootEvent("last_boot_time_utc", &record)) {
@@ -282,22 +284,21 @@
     // Log the amount of time elapsed until the device is decrypted, which
     // includes the variable amount of time the user takes to enter the
     // decryption password.
-    boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue("boot_decryption_complete", uptime);
+    boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue("boot_decryption_complete", uptime.count());
 
     // Subtract the decryption time to normalize the boot cycle timing.
-    time_t boot_complete = uptime - record.second;
+    std::chrono::seconds boot_complete = std::chrono::seconds(uptime.count() - record.second);
     boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue(boot_complete_prefix + "_post_decrypt",
-                                           boot_complete);
-
+                                           boot_complete.count());
 
   } else {
-    boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue(boot_complete_prefix + "_no_encryption",
-                                           uptime);
+      boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue(boot_complete_prefix + "_no_encryption",
+                                             uptime.count());
   }
 
   // Record the total time from device startup to boot complete, regardless of
   // encryption state.
-  boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue(boot_complete_prefix, uptime);
+  boot_event_store.AddBootEventWithValue(boot_complete_prefix, uptime.count());
 
   RecordInitBootTimeProp(&boot_event_store, "ro.boottime.init");
   RecordInitBootTimeProp(&boot_event_store, "ro.boottime.init.selinux");
diff --git a/bootstat/uptime_parser.cpp b/bootstat/uptime_parser.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 7c2034c..0000000
--- a/bootstat/uptime_parser.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "uptime_parser.h"
-
-#include <time.h>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <string>
-#include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-
-namespace bootstat {
-
-time_t ParseUptime() {
-  std::string uptime_str;
-  if (!android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/uptime", &uptime_str)) {
-    PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read /proc/uptime";
-    return -1;
-  }
-
-  // Cast intentionally rounds down.
-  return static_cast<time_t>(strtod(uptime_str.c_str(), NULL));
-}
-
-}  // namespace bootstat
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/demangle/demangle.cpp b/demangle/demangle.cpp
index be4d2dd..66e5e58 100644
--- a/demangle/demangle.cpp
+++ b/demangle/demangle.cpp
@@ -20,22 +20,25 @@
 #include <string.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <cctype>
 #include <string>
 
 #include <demangle.h>
 
 extern "C" char* __cxa_demangle(const char*, char*, size_t*, int*);
 
-void usage(const char* prog_name) {
-  printf("Usage: %s [-c] <NAME_TO_DEMANGLE>\n", prog_name);
-  printf("  -c\n");
-  printf("    Compare the results of __cxa_demangle against the current\n");
-  printf("    demangler.\n");
+static void Usage(const char* prog_name) {
+  printf("usage: %s [-c] [NAME_TO_DEMANGLE...]\n", prog_name);
+  printf("\n");
+  printf("Demangles C++ mangled names if supplied on the command-line, or found\n");
+  printf("reading from stdin otherwise.\n");
+  printf("\n");
+  printf("-c\tCompare against __cxa_demangle\n");
+  printf("\n");
 }
 
-std::string DemangleWithCxa(const char* name) {
+static std::string DemangleWithCxa(const char* name) {
   const char* cxa_demangle = __cxa_demangle(name, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
-
   if (cxa_demangle == nullptr) {
     return name;
   }
@@ -54,6 +57,49 @@
   return demangled_str;
 }
 
+static void Compare(const char* name, const std::string& demangled_name) {
+  std::string cxa_demangled_name(DemangleWithCxa(name));
+  if (cxa_demangled_name != demangled_name) {
+    printf("\nMismatch!\n");
+    printf("\tmangled name: %s\n", name);
+    printf("\tour demangle: %s\n", demangled_name.c_str());
+    printf("\tcxa demangle: %s\n", cxa_demangled_name.c_str());
+    exit(1);
+  }
+}
+
+static int Filter(bool compare) {
+  char* line = nullptr;
+  size_t line_length = 0;
+
+  while ((getline(&line, &line_length, stdin)) != -1) {
+    char* p = line;
+    char* name;
+    while ((name = strstr(p, "_Z")) != nullptr) {
+      // Output anything before the identifier.
+      *name = 0;
+      printf("%s", p);
+      *name = '_';
+
+      // Extract the identifier.
+      p = name;
+      while (*p && (std::isalnum(*p) || *p == '_' || *p == '.' || *p == '$')) ++p;
+
+      // Demangle and output.
+      std::string identifier(name, p);
+      std::string demangled_name = demangle(identifier.c_str());
+      printf("%s", demangled_name.c_str());
+
+      if (compare) Compare(identifier.c_str(), demangled_name);
+    }
+    // Output anything after the last identifier.
+    printf("%s", p);
+  }
+
+  free(line);
+  return 0;
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char** argv) {
 #ifdef __BIONIC__
   const char* prog_name = getprogname();
@@ -67,31 +113,21 @@
     if (opt_char == 'c') {
       compare = true;
     } else {
-      usage(prog_name);
+      Usage(prog_name);
       return 1;
     }
   }
-  if (optind >= argc || argc - optind != 1) {
-    printf("Must supply a single argument.\n\n");
-    usage(prog_name);
-    return 1;
-  }
-  const char* name = argv[optind];
 
-  std::string demangled_name = demangle(name);
+  // With no arguments, act as a filter.
+  if (optind == argc) return Filter(compare);
 
-  printf("%s\n", demangled_name.c_str());
+  // Otherwise demangle each argument.
+  while (optind < argc) {
+    const char* name = argv[optind++];
+    std::string demangled_name = demangle(name);
+    printf("%s\n", demangled_name.c_str());
 
-  if (compare) {
-    std::string cxa_demangle_str(DemangleWithCxa(name));
-
-    if (cxa_demangle_str != demangled_name) {
-      printf("Mismatch\n");
-      printf("cxa demangle: %s\n", cxa_demangle_str.c_str());
-      return 1;
-    } else {
-      printf("Match\n");
-    }
+    if (compare) Compare(name, demangled_name);
   }
   return 0;
 }
diff --git a/fastboot/fastboot.cpp b/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
index 2927b16..704dc43 100644
--- a/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
@@ -115,6 +115,7 @@
     {"system_other.img", "system.sig", "system", true, true},
     {"vendor.img", "vendor.sig", "vendor", true, false},
     {"vendor_other.img", "vendor.sig", "vendor", true, true},
+    {"vbmeta.img", "vbmeta.sig", "vbmeta", true, false},
 };
 
 static std::string find_item_given_name(const char* img_name, const char* product) {
@@ -144,6 +145,8 @@
         fn = "system.img";
     } else if(!strcmp(item,"vendor")) {
         fn = "vendor.img";
+    } else if(!strcmp(item,"vbmeta")) {
+        fn = "vbmeta.img";
     } else if(!strcmp(item,"userdata")) {
         fn = "userdata.img";
     } else if(!strcmp(item,"cache")) {
@@ -1536,6 +1539,7 @@
                 setvbuf(stderr, nullptr, _IONBF, 0);
             } else if (strcmp("version", longopts[longindex].name) == 0) {
                 fprintf(stdout, "fastboot version %s\n", FASTBOOT_REVISION);
+                fprintf(stdout, "Installed as %s\n", android::base::GetExecutablePath().c_str());
                 return 0;
             } else if (strcmp("slot", longopts[longindex].name) == 0) {
                 slot_override = std::string(optarg);
diff --git a/init/README.md b/init/README.md
index 822d81e..fc50730 100644
--- a/init/README.md
+++ b/init/README.md
@@ -293,6 +293,11 @@
 `copy <src> <dst>`
 > Copies a file. Similar to write, but useful for binary/large
   amounts of data.
+  Regarding to the src file, copying from symbolic link file and world-writable
+  or group-writable files are not allowed.
+  Regarding to the dst file, the default mode created is 0600 if it does not
+  exist. And it will be truncated if dst file is a normal regular file and
+  already exists.
 
 `domainname <name>`
 > Set the domain name.
diff --git a/init/builtins.cpp b/init/builtins.cpp
index 75b3c61..64c00e9 100644
--- a/init/builtins.cpp
+++ b/init/builtins.cpp
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@
 }
 
 static int do_domainname(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    return write_file("/proc/sys/kernel/domainname", args[1].c_str()) ? 0 : 1;
+    return write_file("/proc/sys/kernel/domainname", args[1]) ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
 static int do_enable(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@
 }
 
 static int do_hostname(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    return write_file("/proc/sys/kernel/hostname", args[1].c_str()) ? 0 : 1;
+    return write_file("/proc/sys/kernel/hostname", args[1]) ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
 static int do_ifup(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
@@ -696,57 +696,15 @@
 }
 
 static int do_write(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    const char* path = args[1].c_str();
-    const char* value = args[2].c_str();
-    return write_file(path, value) ? 0 : 1;
+    return write_file(args[1], args[2]) ? 0 : 1;
 }
 
 static int do_copy(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
-    char* buffer = NULL;
-    int rc = 0;
-    int fd1 = -1, fd2 = -1;
-    struct stat info;
-    int brtw, brtr;
-    char* p;
-
-    if (stat(args[1].c_str(), &info) < 0) return -1;
-
-    if ((fd1 = open(args[1].c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)) < 0) goto out_err;
-
-    if ((fd2 = open(args[2].c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0660)) < 0)
-        goto out_err;
-
-    if (!(buffer = (char*)malloc(info.st_size))) goto out_err;
-
-    p = buffer;
-    brtr = info.st_size;
-    while (brtr) {
-        rc = read(fd1, p, brtr);
-        if (rc < 0) goto out_err;
-        if (rc == 0) break;
-        p += rc;
-        brtr -= rc;
+    std::string data;
+    if (read_file(args[1], &data)) {
+        return write_file(args[2], data) ? 0 : 1;
     }
-
-    p = buffer;
-    brtw = info.st_size;
-    while (brtw) {
-        rc = write(fd2, p, brtw);
-        if (rc < 0) goto out_err;
-        if (rc == 0) break;
-        p += rc;
-        brtw -= rc;
-    }
-
-    rc = 0;
-    goto out;
-out_err:
-    rc = -1;
-out:
-    if (buffer) free(buffer);
-    if (fd1 >= 0) close(fd1);
-    if (fd2 >= 0) close(fd2);
-    return rc;
+    return 1;
 }
 
 static int do_chown(const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
diff --git a/init/init.cpp b/init/init.cpp
index 7e61767..641e985 100644
--- a/init/init.cpp
+++ b/init/init.cpp
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
 #include <selinux/label.h>
 #include <selinux/android.h>
 
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@
 #include "util.h"
 #include "watchdogd.h"
 
+using android::base::boot_clock;
 using android::base::GetProperty;
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 
diff --git a/init/init_parser.cpp b/init/init_parser.cpp
index 326ebf2..a192862 100644
--- a/init/init_parser.cpp
+++ b/init/init_parser.cpp
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@
     LOG(INFO) << "Parsing file " << path << "...";
     Timer t;
     std::string data;
-    if (!read_file(path.c_str(), &data)) {
+    if (!read_file(path, &data)) {
         return false;
     }
 
diff --git a/init/service.cpp b/init/service.cpp
index 3db34db..e89de9a 100644
--- a/init/service.cpp
+++ b/init/service.cpp
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/parseint.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@
 #include "property_service.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
+using android::base::boot_clock;
 using android::base::ParseInt;
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 using android::base::WriteStringToFile;
diff --git a/init/service.h b/init/service.h
index f08a03f..d84ce02 100644
--- a/init/service.h
+++ b/init/service.h
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
+
 #include "action.h"
 #include "capabilities.h"
 #include "descriptors.h"
@@ -144,8 +146,8 @@
 
     unsigned flags_;
     pid_t pid_;
-    boot_clock::time_point time_started_; // time of last start
-    boot_clock::time_point time_crashed_; // first crash within inspection window
+    android::base::boot_clock::time_point time_started_;  // time of last start
+    android::base::boot_clock::time_point time_crashed_;  // first crash within inspection window
     int crash_count_;                     // number of times crashed within window
 
     uid_t uid_;
diff --git a/init/ueventd.cpp b/init/ueventd.cpp
index f27be64..ba53e47 100644
--- a/init/ueventd.cpp
+++ b/init/ueventd.cpp
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-void set_device_permission(int nargs, char **args)
+void set_device_permission(const char* fn, int line, int nargs, char **args)
 {
     char *name;
     char *attr = 0;
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
     }
 
     if (nargs != 4) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid line ueventd.rc line for '" << args[0] << "'";
+        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid line (" << fn << ":" << line << ") line for '" << args[0] << "'";
         return;
     }
 
@@ -136,20 +136,20 @@
 
     perm = strtol(args[1], &endptr, 8);
     if (!endptr || *endptr != '\0') {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid mode '" << args[1] << "'";
+        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid mode (" << fn << ":" << line << ") '" << args[1] << "'";
         return;
     }
 
     struct passwd* pwd = getpwnam(args[2]);
     if (!pwd) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid uid '" << args[2] << "'";
+        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid uid (" << fn << ":" << line << ") '" << args[2] << "'";
         return;
     }
     uid = pwd->pw_uid;
 
     struct group* grp = getgrnam(args[3]);
     if (!grp) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid gid '" << args[3] << "'";
+        LOG(ERROR) << "invalid gid (" << fn << ":" << line << ") '" << args[3] << "'";
         return;
     }
     gid = grp->gr_gid;
diff --git a/init/ueventd_parser.cpp b/init/ueventd_parser.cpp
index baff58c..554c1e3 100644
--- a/init/ueventd_parser.cpp
+++ b/init/ueventd_parser.cpp
@@ -236,6 +236,6 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void parse_line_device(parse_state*, int nargs, char** args) {
-    set_device_permission(nargs, args);
+static void parse_line_device(parse_state* state, int nargs, char** args) {
+    set_device_permission(state->filename, state->line, nargs, args);
 }
diff --git a/init/ueventd_parser.h b/init/ueventd_parser.h
index 907cc49..4d69897 100644
--- a/init/ueventd_parser.h
+++ b/init/ueventd_parser.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #define UEVENTD_PARSER_MAXARGS 5
 
 int ueventd_parse_config_file(const char *fn);
-void set_device_permission(int nargs, char **args);
+void set_device_permission(const char* fn, int line, int nargs, char **args);
 struct ueventd_subsystem *ueventd_subsystem_find_by_name(const char *name);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/init/util.cpp b/init/util.cpp
index 73d97ed..bf4109c 100644
--- a/init/util.cpp
+++ b/init/util.cpp
@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@
 #include "reboot.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
+using android::base::boot_clock;
+
 static unsigned int do_decode_uid(const char *s)
 {
     unsigned int v;
@@ -161,10 +163,11 @@
     return -1;
 }
 
-bool read_file(const char* path, std::string* content) {
+bool read_file(const std::string& path, std::string* content) {
     content->clear();
 
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC)));
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(
+        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC)));
     if (fd == -1) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -184,9 +187,9 @@
     return android::base::ReadFdToString(fd, content);
 }
 
-bool write_file(const char* path, const char* content) {
-    android::base::unique_fd fd(
-        TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC, 0600)));
+bool write_file(const std::string& path, const std::string& content) {
+    android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
+        open(path.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_NOFOLLOW | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC, 0600)));
     if (fd == -1) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "write_file: Unable to open '" << path << "'";
         return false;
@@ -198,13 +201,6 @@
     return success;
 }
 
-boot_clock::time_point boot_clock::now() {
-  timespec ts;
-  clock_gettime(CLOCK_BOOTTIME, &ts);
-  return boot_clock::time_point(std::chrono::seconds(ts.tv_sec) +
-                                std::chrono::nanoseconds(ts.tv_nsec));
-}
-
 int mkdir_recursive(const char *pathname, mode_t mode)
 {
     char buf[128];
diff --git a/init/util.h b/init/util.h
index 81c64d7..1034c9b 100644
--- a/init/util.h
+++ b/init/util.h
@@ -25,42 +25,35 @@
 #include <ostream>
 #include <string>
 
+#include <android-base/chrono_utils.h>
+
 #define COLDBOOT_DONE "/dev/.coldboot_done"
 
+using android::base::boot_clock;
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
 int create_socket(const char *name, int type, mode_t perm,
                   uid_t uid, gid_t gid, const char *socketcon);
 
-bool read_file(const char* path, std::string* content);
-bool write_file(const char* path, const char* content);
-
-// A std::chrono clock based on CLOCK_BOOTTIME.
-class boot_clock {
- public:
-  typedef std::chrono::nanoseconds duration;
-  typedef std::chrono::time_point<boot_clock, duration> time_point;
-  static constexpr bool is_steady = true;
-
-  static time_point now();
-};
+bool read_file(const std::string& path, std::string* content);
+bool write_file(const std::string& path, const std::string& content);
 
 class Timer {
- public:
-  Timer() : start_(boot_clock::now()) {
-  }
+  public:
+    Timer() : start_(boot_clock::now()) {}
 
-  double duration_s() const {
-    typedef std::chrono::duration<double> double_duration;
-    return std::chrono::duration_cast<double_duration>(boot_clock::now() - start_).count();
-  }
+    double duration_s() const {
+        typedef std::chrono::duration<double> double_duration;
+        return std::chrono::duration_cast<double_duration>(boot_clock::now() - start_).count();
+    }
 
-  int64_t duration_ms() const {
-    return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(boot_clock::now() - start_).count();
-  }
+    int64_t duration_ms() const {
+        return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(boot_clock::now() - start_)
+            .count();
+    }
 
- private:
-  boot_clock::time_point start_;
+  private:
+    android::base::boot_clock::time_point start_;
 };
 
 std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Timer& t);
diff --git a/init/util_test.cpp b/init/util_test.cpp
index 24c75c4..0c0350a 100644
--- a/init/util_test.cpp
+++ b/init/util_test.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,11 @@
 #include "util.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 TEST(util, read_file_ENOENT) {
@@ -28,6 +32,35 @@
   EXPECT_EQ("", s); // s was cleared.
 }
 
+TEST(util, read_file_group_writeable) {
+    std::string s("hello");
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(write_file(tf.path, s)) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_NE(-1, fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, tf.path, 0620, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(read_file(tf.path, &s)) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_EQ("", s);  // s was cleared.
+}
+
+TEST(util, read_file_world_writeable) {
+    std::string s("hello");
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(write_file(tf.path, s.c_str())) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_NE(-1, fchmodat(AT_FDCWD, tf.path, 0602, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW)) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(read_file(tf.path, &s)) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_EQ("", s);  // s was cleared.
+}
+
+TEST(util, read_file_symbolic_link) {
+    std::string s("hello");
+    errno = 0;
+    // lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 1970-01-01 00:00 charger -> /sbin/healthd
+    EXPECT_FALSE(read_file("/charger", &s));
+    EXPECT_EQ(ELOOP, errno);
+    EXPECT_EQ("", s);  // s was cleared.
+}
+
 TEST(util, read_file_success) {
   std::string s("hello");
   EXPECT_TRUE(read_file("/proc/version", &s));
@@ -37,6 +70,51 @@
   EXPECT_STREQ("Linux", s.c_str());
 }
 
+TEST(util, write_file_binary) {
+    std::string contents("abcd");
+    contents.push_back('\0');
+    contents.push_back('\0');
+    contents.append("dcba");
+    ASSERT_EQ(10u, contents.size());
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(write_file(tf.path, contents)) << strerror(errno);
+
+    std::string read_back_contents;
+    EXPECT_TRUE(read_file(tf.path, &read_back_contents)) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_EQ(contents, read_back_contents);
+    EXPECT_EQ(10u, read_back_contents.size());
+}
+
+TEST(util, write_file_not_exist) {
+    std::string s("hello");
+    std::string s2("hello");
+    TemporaryDir test_dir;
+    std::string path = android::base::StringPrintf("%s/does-not-exist", test_dir.path);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(write_file(path, s));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(read_file(path, &s2));
+    EXPECT_EQ(s, s2);
+    struct stat sb;
+    int fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_NOFOLLOW | O_CLOEXEC);
+    EXPECT_NE(-1, fd);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, fstat(fd, &sb));
+    EXPECT_EQ((const unsigned int)(S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR), sb.st_mode & 0777);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, unlink(path.c_str()));
+}
+
+TEST(util, write_file_exist) {
+    std::string s2("");
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(write_file(tf.path, "1hello1")) << strerror(errno);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(read_file(tf.path, &s2));
+    EXPECT_STREQ("1hello1", s2.c_str());
+    EXPECT_TRUE(write_file(tf.path, "2ll2"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(read_file(tf.path, &s2));
+    EXPECT_STREQ("2ll2", s2.c_str());
+}
+
 TEST(util, decode_uid) {
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, decode_uid("root"));
   EXPECT_EQ(UINT_MAX, decode_uid("toot"));
diff --git a/libappfuse/Android.bp b/libappfuse/Android.bp
index 0d57814..b0ac5c4 100644
--- a/libappfuse/Android.bp
+++ b/libappfuse/Android.bp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 cc_test {
     name: "libappfuse_test",
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     defaults: ["libappfuse_defaults"],
     shared_libs: ["libappfuse"],
     srcs: [
diff --git a/libappfuse/AndroidTest.xml b/libappfuse/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9cd754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libappfuse/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Config for libappfuse_test">
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.PushFilePreparer">
+        <option name="cleanup" value="true" />
+        <option name="push" value="libappfuse_test->/data/local/tmp/libappfuse_test" />
+    </target_preparer>
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct" />
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.GTest" >
+        <option name="native-test-device-path" value="/data/local/tmp" />
+        <option name="module-name" value="libappfuse_test" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libcutils/canned_fs_config.c b/libcutils/canned_fs_config.c
index e0e6a34..96ca566 100644
--- a/libcutils/canned_fs_config.c
+++ b/libcutils/canned_fs_config.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <limits.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@
 }
 
 int load_canned_fs_config(const char* fn) {
-    char line[PATH_MAX + 200];
+    char buf[PATH_MAX + 200];
     FILE* f;
 
     f = fopen(fn, "r");
@@ -50,17 +51,21 @@
         return -1;
     }
 
-    while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), f)) {
+    while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), f)) {
         Path* p;
         char* token;
+        char* line = buf;
+        bool rootdir;
 
         while (canned_used >= canned_alloc) {
             canned_alloc = (canned_alloc+1) * 2;
             canned_data = (Path*) realloc(canned_data, canned_alloc * sizeof(Path));
         }
         p = canned_data + canned_used;
-        p->path = strdup(strtok(line, " "));
-        p->uid = atoi(strtok(NULL, " "));
+        if (line[0] == '/') line++;
+        rootdir = line[0] == ' ';
+        p->path = strdup(rootdir ? "" : strtok(line, " "));
+        p->uid = atoi(strtok(rootdir ? line : NULL, " "));
         p->gid = atoi(strtok(NULL, " "));
         p->mode = strtol(strtok(NULL, " "), NULL, 8);   // mode is in octal
         p->capabilities = 0;
diff --git a/libcutils/fs_config.c b/libcutils/fs_config.c
index fdcf22f..a2f5816 100644
--- a/libcutils/fs_config.c
+++ b/libcutils/fs_config.c
@@ -35,22 +35,13 @@
 
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
+#include <private/fs_config.h>
 #include <utils/Compat.h>
 
 #ifndef O_BINARY
 #define O_BINARY 0
 #endif
 
-/* The following structure is stored little endian */
-struct fs_path_config_from_file {
-    uint16_t len;
-    uint16_t mode;
-    uint16_t uid;
-    uint16_t gid;
-    uint64_t capabilities;
-    char prefix[];
-} __attribute__((__aligned__(sizeof(uint64_t))));
-
 /* My kingdom for <endian.h> */
 static inline uint16_t get2LE(const uint8_t* src) { return src[0] | (src[1] << 8); }
 
diff --git a/libcutils/include/private/fs_config.h b/libcutils/include/private/fs_config.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dad668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcutils/include/private/fs_config.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2007 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBS_CUTILS_PRIVATE_FS_CONFIG_H
+#define _LIBS_CUTILS_PRIVATE_FS_CONFIG_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/*
+ * binary format for the runtime <partition>/etc/fs_config_(dirs|files)
+ * filesystem override files.
+ */
+
+/* The following structure is stored little endian */
+struct fs_path_config_from_file {
+    uint16_t len;
+    uint16_t mode;
+    uint16_t uid;
+    uint16_t gid;
+    uint64_t capabilities;
+    char prefix[];
+} __attribute__((__aligned__(sizeof(uint64_t))));
+
+#endif /* _LIBS_CUTILS_PRIVATE_FS_CONFIG_H */
diff --git a/libcutils/tests/Android.bp b/libcutils/tests/Android.bp
index 718d76b..a0b1d7b 100644
--- a/libcutils/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libcutils/tests/Android.bp
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@
 
 cc_test {
     name: "libcutils_test",
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     defaults: ["libcutils_test_default"],
     host_supported: true,
     shared_libs: test_libraries,
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@
 
 cc_test {
     name: "libcutils_test_static",
+    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     defaults: ["libcutils_test_default"],
     static_libs: ["libc"] + test_libraries,
     stl: "libc++_static",
diff --git a/libcutils/tests/AndroidTest.xml b/libcutils/tests/AndroidTest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd7aca2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcutils/tests/AndroidTest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<!-- Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+
+     Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+     you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+     You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+          http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+     Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+     distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+     WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+     See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+     limitations under the License.
+-->
+<configuration description="Config for libcutils_test">
+    <target_preparer class="com.android.tradefed.targetprep.PushFilePreparer">
+        <option name="cleanup" value="true" />
+        <option name="push" value="libcutils_test->/data/local/tmp/libcutils_test" />
+    </target_preparer>
+    <option name="test-suite-tag" value="apct" />
+    <test class="com.android.tradefed.testtype.GTest" >
+        <option name="native-test-device-path" value="/data/local/tmp" />
+        <option name="module-name" value="libcutils_test" />
+    </test>
+</configuration>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/liblog/logger_write.c b/liblog/logger_write.c
index d322c0f..84feb20 100644
--- a/liblog/logger_write.c
+++ b/liblog/logger_write.c
@@ -410,16 +410,46 @@
   if (!tag) tag = "";
 
   /* XXX: This needs to go! */
-  if ((bufID != LOG_ID_RADIO) &&
-      (!strcmp(tag, "HTC_RIL") ||
-       !strncmp(tag, "RIL", 3) || /* Any log tag with "RIL" as the prefix */
-       !strncmp(tag, "IMS", 3) || /* Any log tag with "IMS" as the prefix */
-       !strcmp(tag, "AT") || !strcmp(tag, "GSM") || !strcmp(tag, "STK") ||
-       !strcmp(tag, "CDMA") || !strcmp(tag, "PHONE") || !strcmp(tag, "SMS"))) {
-    bufID = LOG_ID_RADIO;
-    /* Inform third party apps/ril/radio.. to use Rlog or RLOG */
-    snprintf(tmp_tag, sizeof(tmp_tag), "use-Rlog/RLOG-%s", tag);
-    tag = tmp_tag;
+  if (bufID != LOG_ID_RADIO) {
+    switch (tag[0]) {
+      case 'H':
+        if (strcmp(tag + 1, "HTC_RIL" + 1)) break;
+        goto inform;
+      case 'R':
+        /* Any log tag with "RIL" as the prefix */
+        if (strncmp(tag + 1, "RIL" + 1, strlen("RIL") - 1)) break;
+        goto inform;
+      case 'Q':
+        /* Any log tag with "QC_RIL" as the prefix */
+        if (strncmp(tag + 1, "QC_RIL" + 1, strlen("QC_RIL") - 1)) break;
+        goto inform;
+      case 'I':
+        /* Any log tag with "IMS" as the prefix */
+        if (strncmp(tag + 1, "IMS" + 1, strlen("IMS") - 1)) break;
+        goto inform;
+      case 'A':
+        if (strcmp(tag + 1, "AT" + 1)) break;
+        goto inform;
+      case 'G':
+        if (strcmp(tag + 1, "GSM" + 1)) break;
+        goto inform;
+      case 'S':
+        if (strcmp(tag + 1, "STK" + 1) && strcmp(tag + 1, "SMS" + 1)) break;
+        goto inform;
+      case 'C':
+        if (strcmp(tag + 1, "CDMA" + 1)) break;
+        goto inform;
+      case 'P':
+        if (strcmp(tag + 1, "PHONE" + 1)) break;
+      /* FALLTHRU */
+      inform:
+        bufID = LOG_ID_RADIO;
+        snprintf(tmp_tag, sizeof(tmp_tag), "use-Rlog/RLOG-%s", tag);
+        tag = tmp_tag;
+      /* FALLTHRU */
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
   }
 
 #if __BIONIC__
diff --git a/liblog/tests/liblog_benchmark.cpp b/liblog/tests/liblog_benchmark.cpp
index 3f79552..c4bf959 100644
--- a/liblog/tests/liblog_benchmark.cpp
+++ b/liblog/tests/liblog_benchmark.cpp
@@ -527,11 +527,13 @@
 /*
  *	Measure the time it takes to submit the android event logging call
  * using discrete acquisition (StartBenchmarkTiming() -> StopBenchmarkTiming())
- * under light load. Expect this to be a dozen or so syscall periods (40us)
+ * under light load. Expect this to be a long path to logger to convert the
+ * unknown tag (0) into a tagname (less than 200us).
  */
 static void BM_log_event_overhead(int iters) {
   for (unsigned long long i = 0; i < (unsigned)iters; ++i) {
     StartBenchmarkTiming();
+    // log tag number 0 is not known, nor shall it ever be known
     __android_log_btwrite(0, EVENT_TYPE_LONG, &i, sizeof(i));
     StopBenchmarkTiming();
     logd_yield();
@@ -539,6 +541,28 @@
 }
 BENCHMARK(BM_log_event_overhead);
 
+/*
+ *	Measure the time it takes to submit the android event logging call
+ * using discrete acquisition (StartBenchmarkTiming() -> StopBenchmarkTiming())
+ * under light load with a known logtag.  Expect this to be a dozen or so
+ * syscall periods (less than 40us)
+ */
+static void BM_log_event_overhead_42(int iters) {
+  for (unsigned long long i = 0; i < (unsigned)iters; ++i) {
+    StartBenchmarkTiming();
+    // In system/core/logcat/event.logtags:
+    // # These are used for testing, do not modify without updating
+    // # tests/framework-tests/src/android/util/EventLogFunctionalTest.java.
+    // # system/core/liblog/tests/liblog_benchmark.cpp
+    // # system/core/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp
+    // 42    answer (to life the universe etc|3)
+    __android_log_btwrite(42, EVENT_TYPE_LONG, &i, sizeof(i));
+    StopBenchmarkTiming();
+    logd_yield();
+  }
+}
+BENCHMARK(BM_log_event_overhead_42);
+
 static void BM_log_event_overhead_null(int iters) {
   set_log_null();
   BM_log_event_overhead(iters);
diff --git a/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp b/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp
index 0538c4c..70b8a28 100644
--- a/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp
+++ b/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp
@@ -1984,6 +1984,8 @@
 
   EXPECT_EQ(0, setuid(AID_SYSTEM));  // only one that can read security buffer
 
+  uid = getuid();
+  gid = getgid();
   pid_t pid = getpid();
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(NULL !=
diff --git a/libnativebridge/.clang-format b/libnativebridge/.clang-format
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..fd0645f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libnativebridge/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../.clang-format-2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libnativeloader/.clang-format b/libnativeloader/.clang-format
new file mode 120000
index 0000000..fd0645f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libnativeloader/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+../.clang-format-2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Android.bp b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
index ece623b..ee646de 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Android.bp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
@@ -47,12 +47,15 @@
 
     srcs: [
         "ArmExidx.cpp",
+        "DwarfMemory.cpp",
+        "DwarfOp.cpp",
         "Elf.cpp",
         "ElfInterface.cpp",
         "ElfInterfaceArm.cpp",
         "Log.cpp",
         "Regs.cpp",
         "Memory.cpp",
+        "Symbols.cpp",
     ],
 
     shared_libs: [
@@ -87,6 +90,9 @@
     srcs: [
         "tests/ArmExidxDecodeTest.cpp",
         "tests/ArmExidxExtractTest.cpp",
+        "tests/DwarfMemoryTest.cpp",
+        "tests/DwarfOpLogTest.cpp",
+        "tests/DwarfOpTest.cpp",
         "tests/ElfInterfaceArmTest.cpp",
         "tests/ElfInterfaceTest.cpp",
         "tests/ElfTest.cpp",
@@ -97,6 +103,7 @@
         "tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp",
         "tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp",
         "tests/RegsTest.cpp",
+        "tests/SymbolsTest.cpp",
     ],
 
     cflags: [
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfEncoding.h b/libunwindstack/DwarfEncoding.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ff3b8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfEncoding.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_ENCODING_H
+#define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_ENCODING_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+enum DwarfEncoding : uint8_t {
+  DW_EH_PE_omit = 0xff,
+
+  DW_EH_PE_absptr = 0x00,
+  DW_EH_PE_uleb128 = 0x01,
+  DW_EH_PE_udata2 = 0x02,
+  DW_EH_PE_udata4 = 0x03,
+  DW_EH_PE_udata8 = 0x04,
+  DW_EH_PE_sleb128 = 0x09,
+  DW_EH_PE_sdata2 = 0x0a,
+  DW_EH_PE_sdata4 = 0x0b,
+  DW_EH_PE_sdata8 = 0x0c,
+
+  DW_EH_PE_pcrel = 0x10,
+  DW_EH_PE_textrel = 0x20,
+  DW_EH_PE_datarel = 0x30,
+  DW_EH_PE_funcrel = 0x40,
+  DW_EH_PE_aligned = 0x50,
+
+  // The following are special values used to encode CFA and OP operands.
+  DW_EH_PE_udata1 = 0x0d,
+  DW_EH_PE_sdata1 = 0x0e,
+  DW_EH_PE_block = 0x0f,
+};
+
+#endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_ENCODING_H
diff --git a/bootstat/uptime_parser.h b/libunwindstack/DwarfError.h
similarity index 61%
copy from bootstat/uptime_parser.h
copy to libunwindstack/DwarfError.h
index 756ae9b..824c307 100644
--- a/bootstat/uptime_parser.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfError.h
@@ -14,16 +14,19 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef UPTIME_PARSER_H_
-#define UPTIME_PARSER_H_
+#ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_ERROR_H
+#define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_ERROR_H
 
-#include <time.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 
-namespace bootstat {
+enum DwarfError : uint8_t {
+  DWARF_ERROR_NONE,
+  DWARF_ERROR_MEMORY_INVALID,
+  DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE,
+  DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_STATE,
+  DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID,
+  DWARF_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED,
+  DWARF_ERROR_TOO_MANY_ITERATIONS,
+};
 
-// Returns the number of seconds the system has been on since reboot.
-time_t ParseUptime();
-
-}  // namespace bootstat
-
-#endif  // UPTIME_PARSER_H_
\ No newline at end of file
+#endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_ERROR_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.cpp b/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11806ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "DwarfEncoding.h"
+#include "DwarfMemory.h"
+#include "Memory.h"
+
+bool DwarfMemory::ReadBytes(void* dst, size_t num_bytes) {
+  if (!memory_->Read(cur_offset_, dst, num_bytes)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  cur_offset_ += num_bytes;
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename SignedType>
+bool DwarfMemory::ReadSigned(uint64_t* value) {
+  SignedType signed_value;
+  if (!ReadBytes(&signed_value, sizeof(SignedType))) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *value = static_cast<int64_t>(signed_value);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DwarfMemory::ReadULEB128(uint64_t* value) {
+  uint64_t cur_value = 0;
+  uint64_t shift = 0;
+  uint8_t byte;
+  do {
+    if (!ReadBytes(&byte, 1)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    cur_value += static_cast<uint64_t>(byte & 0x7f) << shift;
+    shift += 7;
+  } while (byte & 0x80);
+  *value = cur_value;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool DwarfMemory::ReadSLEB128(int64_t* value) {
+  uint64_t cur_value = 0;
+  uint64_t shift = 0;
+  uint8_t byte;
+  do {
+    if (!ReadBytes(&byte, 1)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    cur_value += static_cast<uint64_t>(byte & 0x7f) << shift;
+    shift += 7;
+  } while (byte & 0x80);
+  if (byte & 0x40) {
+    // Negative value, need to sign extend.
+    cur_value |= static_cast<uint64_t>(-1) << shift;
+  }
+  *value = static_cast<int64_t>(cur_value);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+size_t DwarfMemory::GetEncodedSize(uint8_t encoding) {
+  switch (encoding & 0x0f) {
+    case DW_EH_PE_absptr:
+      return sizeof(AddressType);
+    case DW_EH_PE_udata1:
+    case DW_EH_PE_sdata1:
+      return 1;
+    case DW_EH_PE_udata2:
+    case DW_EH_PE_sdata2:
+      return 2;
+    case DW_EH_PE_udata4:
+    case DW_EH_PE_sdata4:
+      return 4;
+    case DW_EH_PE_udata8:
+    case DW_EH_PE_sdata8:
+      return 8;
+    case DW_EH_PE_uleb128:
+    case DW_EH_PE_sleb128:
+    default:
+      return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+bool DwarfMemory::AdjustEncodedValue(uint8_t encoding, uint64_t* value) {
+  assert((encoding & 0x0f) == 0);
+  assert(encoding != DW_EH_PE_aligned);
+
+  // Handle the encoding.
+  switch (encoding) {
+    case DW_EH_PE_absptr:
+      // Nothing to do.
+      break;
+    case DW_EH_PE_pcrel:
+      if (pc_offset_ == static_cast<uint64_t>(-1)) {
+        // Unsupported encoding.
+        return false;
+      }
+      *value += pc_offset_;
+      break;
+    case DW_EH_PE_textrel:
+      if (text_offset_ == static_cast<uint64_t>(-1)) {
+        // Unsupported encoding.
+        return false;
+      }
+      *value += text_offset_;
+      break;
+    case DW_EH_PE_datarel:
+      if (data_offset_ == static_cast<uint64_t>(-1)) {
+        // Unsupported encoding.
+        return false;
+      }
+      *value += data_offset_;
+      break;
+    case DW_EH_PE_funcrel:
+      if (func_offset_ == static_cast<uint64_t>(-1)) {
+        // Unsupported encoding.
+        return false;
+      }
+      *value += func_offset_;
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfMemory::ReadEncodedValue(uint8_t encoding, uint64_t* value) {
+  if (encoding == DW_EH_PE_omit) {
+    *value = 0;
+    return true;
+  } else if (encoding == DW_EH_PE_aligned) {
+    if (__builtin_add_overflow(cur_offset_, sizeof(AddressType) - 1, &cur_offset_)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    cur_offset_ &= -sizeof(AddressType);
+
+    if (sizeof(AddressType) != sizeof(uint64_t)) {
+      *value = 0;
+    }
+    return ReadBytes(value, sizeof(AddressType));
+  }
+
+  // Get the data.
+  switch (encoding & 0x0f) {
+    case DW_EH_PE_absptr:
+      if (sizeof(AddressType) != sizeof(uint64_t)) {
+        *value = 0;
+      }
+      if (!ReadBytes(value, sizeof(AddressType))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case DW_EH_PE_uleb128:
+      if (!ReadULEB128(value)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case DW_EH_PE_sleb128:
+      int64_t signed_value;
+      if (!ReadSLEB128(&signed_value)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      *value = static_cast<uint64_t>(signed_value);
+      break;
+    case DW_EH_PE_udata1: {
+      uint8_t value8;
+      if (!ReadBytes(&value8, 1)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      *value = value8;
+    } break;
+    case DW_EH_PE_sdata1:
+      if (!ReadSigned<int8_t>(value)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case DW_EH_PE_udata2: {
+      uint16_t value16;
+      if (!ReadBytes(&value16, 2)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      *value = value16;
+    } break;
+    case DW_EH_PE_sdata2:
+      if (!ReadSigned<int16_t>(value)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case DW_EH_PE_udata4: {
+      uint32_t value32;
+      if (!ReadBytes(&value32, 4)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      *value = value32;
+    } break;
+    case DW_EH_PE_sdata4:
+      if (!ReadSigned<int32_t>(value)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case DW_EH_PE_udata8:
+      if (!ReadBytes(value, sizeof(uint64_t))) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    case DW_EH_PE_sdata8:
+      if (!ReadSigned<int64_t>(value)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  return AdjustEncodedValue(encoding & 0xf0, value);
+}
+
+// Instantiate all of the needed template functions.
+template bool DwarfMemory::ReadSigned<int8_t>(uint64_t*);
+template bool DwarfMemory::ReadSigned<int16_t>(uint64_t*);
+template bool DwarfMemory::ReadSigned<int32_t>(uint64_t*);
+template bool DwarfMemory::ReadSigned<int64_t>(uint64_t*);
+
+template size_t DwarfMemory::GetEncodedSize<uint32_t>(uint8_t);
+template size_t DwarfMemory::GetEncodedSize<uint64_t>(uint8_t);
+
+template bool DwarfMemory::ReadEncodedValue<uint32_t>(uint8_t, uint64_t*);
+template bool DwarfMemory::ReadEncodedValue<uint64_t>(uint8_t, uint64_t*);
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.h b/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a304dd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_MEMORY_H
+#define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_MEMORY_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// Forward declarations.
+class Memory;
+
+class DwarfMemory {
+ public:
+  DwarfMemory(Memory* memory) : memory_(memory) {}
+  virtual ~DwarfMemory() = default;
+
+  bool ReadBytes(void* dst, size_t num_bytes);
+
+  template <typename SignedType>
+  bool ReadSigned(uint64_t* value);
+
+  bool ReadULEB128(uint64_t* value);
+
+  bool ReadSLEB128(int64_t* value);
+
+  template <typename AddressType>
+  size_t GetEncodedSize(uint8_t encoding);
+
+  bool AdjustEncodedValue(uint8_t encoding, uint64_t* value);
+
+  template <typename AddressType>
+  bool ReadEncodedValue(uint8_t encoding, uint64_t* value);
+
+  uint64_t cur_offset() { return cur_offset_; }
+  void set_cur_offset(uint64_t cur_offset) { cur_offset_ = cur_offset; }
+
+  void set_pc_offset(uint64_t offset) { pc_offset_ = offset; }
+  void clear_pc_offset() { pc_offset_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1); }
+
+  void set_data_offset(uint64_t offset) { data_offset_ = offset; }
+  void clear_data_offset() { data_offset_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1); }
+
+  void set_func_offset(uint64_t offset) { func_offset_ = offset; }
+  void clear_func_offset() { func_offset_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1); }
+
+  void set_text_offset(uint64_t offset) { text_offset_ = offset; }
+  void clear_text_offset() { text_offset_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1); }
+
+ private:
+  Memory* memory_;
+  uint64_t cur_offset_ = 0;
+
+  uint64_t pc_offset_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1);
+  uint64_t data_offset_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1);
+  uint64_t func_offset_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1);
+  uint64_t text_offset_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1);
+};
+
+#endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_MEMORY_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfOp.cpp b/libunwindstack/DwarfOp.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..507ca08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfOp.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,462 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <deque>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
+
+#include "DwarfError.h"
+#include "DwarfMemory.h"
+#include "DwarfOp.h"
+#include "Log.h"
+#include "Memory.h"
+#include "Regs.h"
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+constexpr typename DwarfOp<AddressType>::OpCallback DwarfOp<AddressType>::kCallbackTable[256];
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::Eval(uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint8_t dwarf_version) {
+  uint32_t iterations = 0;
+  is_register_ = false;
+  stack_.clear();
+  memory_->set_cur_offset(start);
+  while (memory_->cur_offset() < end) {
+    if (!Decode(dwarf_version)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // To protect against a branch that creates an infinite loop,
+    // terminate if the number of iterations gets too high.
+    if (iterations++ == 1000) {
+      last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_TOO_MANY_ITERATIONS;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::Decode(uint8_t dwarf_version) {
+  last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_NONE;
+  if (!memory_->ReadBytes(&cur_op_, 1)) {
+    last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_MEMORY_INVALID;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  const auto* op = &kCallbackTable[cur_op_];
+  const auto handle_func = op->handle_func;
+  if (handle_func == nullptr) {
+    last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Check for an unsupported opcode.
+  if (dwarf_version < op->supported_version) {
+    last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Make sure that the required number of stack elements is available.
+  if (stack_.size() < op->num_required_stack_values) {
+    last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  operands_.clear();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < op->num_operands; i++) {
+    uint64_t value;
+    if (!memory_->ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(op->operands[i], &value)) {
+      last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_MEMORY_INVALID;
+      return false;
+    }
+    operands_.push_back(value);
+  }
+  return (this->*handle_func)();
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+void DwarfOp<AddressType>::GetLogInfo(uint64_t start, uint64_t end,
+                                      std::vector<std::string>* lines) {
+  memory_->set_cur_offset(start);
+  while (memory_->cur_offset() < end) {
+    uint8_t cur_op;
+    if (!memory_->ReadBytes(&cur_op, 1)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    std::string raw_string(android::base::StringPrintf("Raw Data: 0x%02x", cur_op));
+    std::string log_string;
+    const auto* op = &kCallbackTable[cur_op];
+    if (op->handle_func == nullptr) {
+      log_string = "Illegal";
+    } else {
+      log_string = op->name;
+      uint64_t start_offset = memory_->cur_offset();
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < op->num_operands; i++) {
+        uint64_t value;
+        if (!memory_->ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(op->operands[i], &value)) {
+          return;
+        }
+        log_string += ' ' + std::to_string(value);
+      }
+      uint64_t end_offset = memory_->cur_offset();
+
+      memory_->set_cur_offset(start_offset);
+      for (size_t i = start_offset; i < end_offset; i++) {
+        uint8_t byte;
+        if (!memory_->ReadBytes(&byte, 1)) {
+          return;
+        }
+        raw_string += android::base::StringPrintf(" 0x%02x", byte);
+      }
+      memory_->set_cur_offset(end_offset);
+    }
+    lines->push_back(std::move(log_string));
+    lines->push_back(std::move(raw_string));
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_deref() {
+  // Read the address and dereference it.
+  AddressType addr = StackPop();
+  AddressType value;
+  if (!regular_memory()->Read(addr, &value, sizeof(value))) {
+    last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_MEMORY_INVALID;
+    return false;
+  }
+  stack_.push_front(value);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_deref_size() {
+  AddressType bytes_to_read = OperandAt(0);
+  if (bytes_to_read > sizeof(AddressType) || bytes_to_read == 0) {
+    last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE;
+    return false;
+  }
+  // Read the address and dereference it.
+  AddressType addr = StackPop();
+  AddressType value = 0;
+  if (!regular_memory()->Read(addr, &value, bytes_to_read)) {
+    last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_MEMORY_INVALID;
+    return false;
+  }
+  stack_.push_front(value);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_push() {
+  // Push all of the operands.
+  for (auto operand : operands_) {
+    stack_.push_front(operand);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_dup() {
+  stack_.push_front(StackAt(0));
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_drop() {
+  StackPop();
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_over() {
+  stack_.push_front(StackAt(1));
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_pick() {
+  AddressType index = OperandAt(0);
+  if (index > StackSize()) {
+    last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID;
+    return false;
+  }
+  stack_.push_front(StackAt(index));
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_swap() {
+  AddressType old_value = stack_[0];
+  stack_[0] = stack_[1];
+  stack_[1] = old_value;
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_rot() {
+  AddressType top = stack_[0];
+  stack_[0] = stack_[1];
+  stack_[1] = stack_[2];
+  stack_[2] = top;
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_abs() {
+  SignedType signed_value = static_cast<SignedType>(stack_[0]);
+  if (signed_value < 0) {
+    signed_value = -signed_value;
+  }
+  stack_[0] = static_cast<AddressType>(signed_value);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_and() {
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  stack_[0] &= top;
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_div() {
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  if (top == 0) {
+    last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE;
+    return false;
+  }
+  SignedType signed_divisor = static_cast<SignedType>(top);
+  SignedType signed_dividend = static_cast<SignedType>(stack_[0]);
+  stack_[0] = static_cast<AddressType>(signed_dividend / signed_divisor);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_minus() {
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  stack_[0] -= top;
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_mod() {
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  if (top == 0) {
+    last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE;
+    return false;
+  }
+  stack_[0] %= top;
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_mul() {
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  stack_[0] *= top;
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_neg() {
+  SignedType signed_value = static_cast<SignedType>(stack_[0]);
+  stack_[0] = static_cast<AddressType>(-signed_value);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_not() {
+  stack_[0] = ~stack_[0];
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_or() {
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  stack_[0] |= top;
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_plus() {
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  stack_[0] += top;
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_plus_uconst() {
+  stack_[0] += OperandAt(0);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_shl() {
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  stack_[0] <<= top;
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_shr() {
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  stack_[0] >>= top;
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_shra() {
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  SignedType signed_value = static_cast<SignedType>(stack_[0]) >> top;
+  stack_[0] = static_cast<AddressType>(signed_value);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_xor() {
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  stack_[0] ^= top;
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_bra() {
+  // Requires one stack element.
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  int16_t offset = static_cast<int16_t>(OperandAt(0));
+  uint64_t cur_offset;
+  if (top != 0) {
+    cur_offset = memory_->cur_offset() + offset;
+  } else {
+    cur_offset = memory_->cur_offset() - offset;
+  }
+  memory_->set_cur_offset(cur_offset);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_eq() {
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  stack_[0] = bool_to_dwarf_bool(stack_[0] == top);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_ge() {
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  stack_[0] = bool_to_dwarf_bool(stack_[0] >= top);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_gt() {
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  stack_[0] = bool_to_dwarf_bool(stack_[0] > top);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_le() {
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  stack_[0] = bool_to_dwarf_bool(stack_[0] <= top);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_lt() {
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  stack_[0] = bool_to_dwarf_bool(stack_[0] < top);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_ne() {
+  AddressType top = StackPop();
+  stack_[0] = bool_to_dwarf_bool(stack_[0] != top);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_skip() {
+  int16_t offset = static_cast<int16_t>(OperandAt(0));
+  uint64_t cur_offset = memory_->cur_offset() + offset;
+  memory_->set_cur_offset(cur_offset);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_lit() {
+  stack_.push_front(cur_op() - 0x30);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_reg() {
+  is_register_ = true;
+  stack_.push_front(cur_op() - 0x50);
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_regx() {
+  is_register_ = true;
+  stack_.push_front(OperandAt(0));
+  return true;
+}
+
+// It's not clear for breg/bregx, if this op should read the current
+// value of the register, or where we think that register is located.
+// For simplicity, the code will read the value before doing the unwind.
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_breg() {
+  uint16_t reg = cur_op() - 0x70;
+  if (reg >= regs_->total_regs()) {
+    last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE;
+    return false;
+  }
+  stack_.push_front((*regs_)[reg] + OperandAt(0));
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_bregx() {
+  AddressType reg = OperandAt(0);
+  if (reg >= regs_->total_regs()) {
+    last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE;
+    return false;
+  }
+  stack_.push_front((*regs_)[reg] + OperandAt(1));
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_nop() {
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+bool DwarfOp<AddressType>::op_not_implemented() {
+  last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Explicitly instantiate DwarfOp.
+template class DwarfOp<uint32_t>;
+template class DwarfOp<uint64_t>;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfOp.h b/libunwindstack/DwarfOp.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed6537a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfOp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1636 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_OP_H
+#define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_OP_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <deque>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "DwarfEncoding.h"
+
+enum DwarfVersion : uint8_t {
+  DWARF_VERSION_2 = 2,
+  DWARF_VERSION_3 = 3,
+  DWARF_VERSION_4 = 4,
+  DWARF_VERSION_MAX = DWARF_VERSION_4,
+};
+
+// Forward declarations.
+class DwarfMemory;
+class Memory;
+template <typename AddressType>
+class RegsTmpl;
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+class DwarfOp {
+  // Signed version of AddressType
+  typedef typename std::make_signed<AddressType>::type SignedType;
+
+  struct OpCallback {
+    const char* name;
+    bool (DwarfOp::*handle_func)();
+    uint8_t supported_version;
+    uint8_t num_required_stack_values;
+    uint8_t num_operands;
+    uint8_t operands[2];
+  };
+
+ public:
+  DwarfOp(DwarfMemory* memory, Memory* regular_memory)
+      : memory_(memory), regular_memory_(regular_memory) {}
+  virtual ~DwarfOp() = default;
+
+  bool Decode(uint8_t dwarf_version);
+
+  bool Eval(uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint8_t dwarf_version);
+
+  void GetLogInfo(uint64_t start, uint64_t end, std::vector<std::string>* lines);
+
+  AddressType StackAt(size_t index) { return stack_[index]; }
+  size_t StackSize() { return stack_.size(); }
+
+  void set_regs(RegsTmpl<AddressType>* regs) { regs_ = regs; }
+
+  DwarfError last_error() { return last_error_; }
+
+  bool is_register() { return is_register_; }
+
+  uint8_t cur_op() { return cur_op_; }
+
+  Memory* regular_memory() { return regular_memory_; }
+
+ protected:
+  AddressType OperandAt(size_t index) { return operands_[index]; }
+  size_t OperandsSize() { return operands_.size(); }
+
+  AddressType StackPop() {
+    AddressType value = stack_.front();
+    stack_.pop_front();
+    return value;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  DwarfMemory* memory_;
+  Memory* regular_memory_;
+
+  RegsTmpl<AddressType>* regs_;
+  bool is_register_ = false;
+  DwarfError last_error_ = DWARF_ERROR_NONE;
+  uint8_t cur_op_;
+  std::vector<AddressType> operands_;
+  std::deque<AddressType> stack_;
+
+  inline AddressType bool_to_dwarf_bool(bool value) { return value ? 1 : 0; }
+
+  // Op processing functions.
+  bool op_deref();
+  bool op_deref_size();
+  bool op_push();
+  bool op_dup();
+  bool op_drop();
+  bool op_over();
+  bool op_pick();
+  bool op_swap();
+  bool op_rot();
+  bool op_abs();
+  bool op_and();
+  bool op_div();
+  bool op_minus();
+  bool op_mod();
+  bool op_mul();
+  bool op_neg();
+  bool op_not();
+  bool op_or();
+  bool op_plus();
+  bool op_plus_uconst();
+  bool op_shl();
+  bool op_shr();
+  bool op_shra();
+  bool op_xor();
+  bool op_bra();
+  bool op_eq();
+  bool op_ge();
+  bool op_gt();
+  bool op_le();
+  bool op_lt();
+  bool op_ne();
+  bool op_skip();
+  bool op_lit();
+  bool op_reg();
+  bool op_regx();
+  bool op_breg();
+  bool op_bregx();
+  bool op_nop();
+  bool op_not_implemented();
+
+  constexpr static OpCallback kCallbackTable[256] = {
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0x00 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0x01 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0x02 illegal op
+      {
+          // 0x03 DW_OP_addr
+          "DW_OP_addr",
+          &DwarfOp::op_push,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_absptr},
+      },
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0x04 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0x05 illegal op
+      {
+          // 0x06 DW_OP_deref
+          "DW_OP_deref",
+          &DwarfOp::op_deref,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          1,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0x07 illegal op
+      {
+          // 0x08 DW_OP_const1u
+          "DW_OP_const1u",
+          &DwarfOp::op_push,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_udata1},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x09 DW_OP_const1s
+          "DW_OP_const1s",
+          &DwarfOp::op_push,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sdata1},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x0a DW_OP_const2u
+          "DW_OP_const2u",
+          &DwarfOp::op_push,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_udata2},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x0b DW_OP_const2s
+          "DW_OP_const2s",
+          &DwarfOp::op_push,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sdata2},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x0c DW_OP_const4u
+          "DW_OP_const4u",
+          &DwarfOp::op_push,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_udata4},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x0d DW_OP_const4s
+          "DW_OP_const4s",
+          &DwarfOp::op_push,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sdata4},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x0e DW_OP_const8u
+          "DW_OP_const8u",
+          &DwarfOp::op_push,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_udata8},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x0f DW_OP_const8s
+          "DW_OP_const8s",
+          &DwarfOp::op_push,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sdata8},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x10 DW_OP_constu
+          "DW_OP_constu",
+          &DwarfOp::op_push,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_uleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x11 DW_OP_consts
+          "DW_OP_consts",
+          &DwarfOp::op_push,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x12 DW_OP_dup
+          "DW_OP_dup",
+          &DwarfOp::op_dup,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          1,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x13 DW_OP_drop
+          "DW_OP_drop",
+          &DwarfOp::op_drop,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          1,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x14 DW_OP_over
+          "DW_OP_over",
+          &DwarfOp::op_over,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x15 DW_OP_pick
+          "DW_OP_pick",
+          &DwarfOp::op_pick,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_udata1},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x16 DW_OP_swap
+          "DW_OP_swap",
+          &DwarfOp::op_swap,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x17 DW_OP_rot
+          "DW_OP_rot",
+          &DwarfOp::op_rot,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          3,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x18 DW_OP_xderef
+          "DW_OP_xderef",
+          &DwarfOp::op_not_implemented,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x19 DW_OP_abs
+          "DW_OP_abs",
+          &DwarfOp::op_abs,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          1,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x1a DW_OP_and
+          "DW_OP_and",
+          &DwarfOp::op_and,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x1b DW_OP_div
+          "DW_OP_div",
+          &DwarfOp::op_div,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x1c DW_OP_minus
+          "DW_OP_minus",
+          &DwarfOp::op_minus,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x1d DW_OP_mod
+          "DW_OP_mod",
+          &DwarfOp::op_mod,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x1e DW_OP_mul
+          "DW_OP_mul",
+          &DwarfOp::op_mul,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x1f DW_OP_neg
+          "DW_OP_neg",
+          &DwarfOp::op_neg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          1,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x20 DW_OP_not
+          "DW_OP_not",
+          &DwarfOp::op_not,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          1,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x21 DW_OP_or
+          "DW_OP_or",
+          &DwarfOp::op_or,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x22 DW_OP_plus
+          "DW_OP_plus",
+          &DwarfOp::op_plus,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x23 DW_OP_plus_uconst
+          "DW_OP_plus_uconst",
+          &DwarfOp::op_plus_uconst,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          1,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_uleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x24 DW_OP_shl
+          "DW_OP_shl",
+          &DwarfOp::op_shl,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x25 DW_OP_shr
+          "DW_OP_shr",
+          &DwarfOp::op_shr,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x26 DW_OP_shra
+          "DW_OP_shra",
+          &DwarfOp::op_shra,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x27 DW_OP_xor
+          "DW_OP_xor",
+          &DwarfOp::op_xor,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x28 DW_OP_bra
+          "DW_OP_bra",
+          &DwarfOp::op_bra,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          1,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sdata2},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x29 DW_OP_eq
+          "DW_OP_eq",
+          &DwarfOp::op_eq,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x2a DW_OP_ge
+          "DW_OP_ge",
+          &DwarfOp::op_ge,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x2b DW_OP_gt
+          "DW_OP_gt",
+          &DwarfOp::op_gt,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x2c DW_OP_le
+          "DW_OP_le",
+          &DwarfOp::op_le,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x2d DW_OP_lt
+          "DW_OP_lt",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lt,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x2e DW_OP_ne
+          "DW_OP_ne",
+          &DwarfOp::op_ne,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          2,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x2f DW_OP_skip
+          "DW_OP_skip",
+          &DwarfOp::op_skip,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sdata2},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x30 DW_OP_lit0
+          "DW_OP_lit0",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x31 DW_OP_lit1
+          "DW_OP_lit1",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x32 DW_OP_lit2
+          "DW_OP_lit2",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x33 DW_OP_lit3
+          "DW_OP_lit3",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x34 DW_OP_lit4
+          "DW_OP_lit4",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x35 DW_OP_lit5
+          "DW_OP_lit5",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x36 DW_OP_lit6
+          "DW_OP_lit6",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x37 DW_OP_lit7
+          "DW_OP_lit7",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x38 DW_OP_lit8
+          "DW_OP_lit8",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x39 DW_OP_lit9
+          "DW_OP_lit9",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x3a DW_OP_lit10
+          "DW_OP_lit10",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x3b DW_OP_lit11
+          "DW_OP_lit11",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x3c DW_OP_lit12
+          "DW_OP_lit12",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x3d DW_OP_lit13
+          "DW_OP_lit13",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x3e DW_OP_lit14
+          "DW_OP_lit14",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x3f DW_OP_lit15
+          "DW_OP_lit15",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x40 DW_OP_lit16
+          "DW_OP_lit16",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x41 DW_OP_lit17
+          "DW_OP_lit17",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x42 DW_OP_lit18
+          "DW_OP_lit18",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x43 DW_OP_lit19
+          "DW_OP_lit19",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x44 DW_OP_lit20
+          "DW_OP_lit20",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x45 DW_OP_lit21
+          "DW_OP_lit21",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x46 DW_OP_lit22
+          "DW_OP_lit22",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x47 DW_OP_lit23
+          "DW_OP_lit23",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x48 DW_OP_lit24
+          "DW_OP_lit24",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x49 DW_OP_lit25
+          "DW_OP_lit25",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x4a DW_OP_lit26
+          "DW_OP_lit26",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x4b DW_OP_lit27
+          "DW_OP_lit27",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x4c DW_OP_lit28
+          "DW_OP_lit28",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x4d DW_OP_lit29
+          "DW_OP_lit29",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x4e DW_OP_lit30
+          "DW_OP_lit30",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x4f DW_OP_lit31
+          "DW_OP_lit31",
+          &DwarfOp::op_lit,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x50 DW_OP_reg0
+          "DW_OP_reg0",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x51 DW_OP_reg1
+          "DW_OP_reg1",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x52 DW_OP_reg2
+          "DW_OP_reg2",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x53 DW_OP_reg3
+          "DW_OP_reg3",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x54 DW_OP_reg4
+          "DW_OP_reg4",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x55 DW_OP_reg5
+          "DW_OP_reg5",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x56 DW_OP_reg6
+          "DW_OP_reg6",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x57 DW_OP_reg7
+          "DW_OP_reg7",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x58 DW_OP_reg8
+          "DW_OP_reg8",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x59 DW_OP_reg9
+          "DW_OP_reg9",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x5a DW_OP_reg10
+          "DW_OP_reg10",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x5b DW_OP_reg11
+          "DW_OP_reg11",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x5c DW_OP_reg12
+          "DW_OP_reg12",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x5d DW_OP_reg13
+          "DW_OP_reg13",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x5e DW_OP_reg14
+          "DW_OP_reg14",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x5f DW_OP_reg15
+          "DW_OP_reg15",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x60 DW_OP_reg16
+          "DW_OP_reg16",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x61 DW_OP_reg17
+          "DW_OP_reg17",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x62 DW_OP_reg18
+          "DW_OP_reg18",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x63 DW_OP_reg19
+          "DW_OP_reg19",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x64 DW_OP_reg20
+          "DW_OP_reg20",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x65 DW_OP_reg21
+          "DW_OP_reg21",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x66 DW_OP_reg22
+          "DW_OP_reg22",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x67 DW_OP_reg23
+          "DW_OP_reg23",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x68 DW_OP_reg24
+          "DW_OP_reg24",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x69 DW_OP_reg25
+          "DW_OP_reg25",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x6a DW_OP_reg26
+          "DW_OP_reg26",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x6b DW_OP_reg27
+          "DW_OP_reg27",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x6c DW_OP_reg28
+          "DW_OP_reg28",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x6d DW_OP_reg29
+          "DW_OP_reg29",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x6e DW_OP_reg30
+          "DW_OP_reg30",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x6f DW_OP_reg31
+          "DW_OP_reg31",
+          &DwarfOp::op_reg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x70 DW_OP_breg0
+          "DW_OP_breg0",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x71 DW_OP_breg1
+          "DW_OP_breg1",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x72 DW_OP_breg2
+          "DW_OP_breg2",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x73 DW_OP_breg3
+          "DW_OP_breg3",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x74 DW_OP_breg4
+          "DW_OP_breg4",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x75 DW_OP_breg5
+          "DW_OP_breg5",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x76 DW_OP_breg6
+          "DW_OP_breg6",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x77 DW_OP_breg7
+          "DW_OP_breg7",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x78 DW_OP_breg8
+          "DW_OP_breg8",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x79 DW_OP_breg9
+          "DW_OP_breg9",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x7a DW_OP_breg10
+          "DW_OP_breg10",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x7b DW_OP_breg11
+          "DW_OP_breg11",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x7c DW_OP_breg12
+          "DW_OP_breg12",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x7d DW_OP_breg13
+          "DW_OP_breg13",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x7e DW_OP_breg14
+          "DW_OP_breg14",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x7f DW_OP_breg15
+          "DW_OP_breg15",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x80 DW_OP_breg16
+          "DW_OP_breg16",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x81 DW_OP_breg17
+          "DW_OP_breg17",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x82 DW_OP_breg18
+          "DW_OP_breg18",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x83 DW_OP_breg19
+          "DW_OP_breg19",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x84 DW_OP_breg20
+          "DW_OP_breg20",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x85 DW_OP_breg21
+          "DW_OP_breg21",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x86 DW_OP_breg22
+          "DW_OP_breg22",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x87 DW_OP_breg23
+          "DW_OP_breg23",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x88 DW_OP_breg24
+          "DW_OP_breg24",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x89 DW_OP_breg25
+          "DW_OP_breg25",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x8a DW_OP_breg26
+          "DW_OP_breg26",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x8b DW_OP_breg27
+          "DW_OP_breg27",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x8c DW_OP_breg28
+          "DW_OP_breg28",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x8d DW_OP_breg29
+          "DW_OP_breg29",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x8e DW_OP_breg30
+          "DW_OP_breg30",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x8f DW_OP_breg31
+          "DW_OP_breg31",
+          &DwarfOp::op_breg,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x90 DW_OP_regx
+          "DW_OP_regx",
+          &DwarfOp::op_regx,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_uleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x91 DW_OP_fbreg
+          "DW_OP_fbreg",
+          &DwarfOp::op_not_implemented,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x92 DW_OP_bregx
+          "DW_OP_bregx",
+          &DwarfOp::op_bregx,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          2,
+          {DW_EH_PE_uleb128, DW_EH_PE_sleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x93 DW_OP_piece
+          "DW_OP_piece",
+          &DwarfOp::op_not_implemented,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_uleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x94 DW_OP_deref_size
+          "DW_OP_deref_size",
+          &DwarfOp::op_deref_size,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          1,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_udata1},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x95 DW_OP_xderef_size
+          "DW_OP_xderef_size",
+          &DwarfOp::op_not_implemented,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_udata1},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x96 DW_OP_nop
+          "DW_OP_nop",
+          &DwarfOp::op_nop,
+          DWARF_VERSION_2,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x97 DW_OP_push_object_address
+          "DW_OP_push_object_address",
+          &DwarfOp::op_not_implemented,
+          DWARF_VERSION_3,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x98 DW_OP_call2
+          "DW_OP_call2",
+          &DwarfOp::op_not_implemented,
+          DWARF_VERSION_3,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_udata2},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x99 DW_OP_call4
+          "DW_OP_call4",
+          &DwarfOp::op_not_implemented,
+          DWARF_VERSION_3,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_udata4},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x9a DW_OP_call_ref
+          "DW_OP_call_ref",
+          &DwarfOp::op_not_implemented,
+          DWARF_VERSION_3,
+          0,
+          0,  // Has a different sized operand (4 bytes or 8 bytes).
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x9b DW_OP_form_tls_address
+          "DW_OP_form_tls_address",
+          &DwarfOp::op_not_implemented,
+          DWARF_VERSION_3,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x9c DW_OP_call_frame_cfa
+          "DW_OP_call_frame_cfa",
+          &DwarfOp::op_not_implemented,
+          DWARF_VERSION_3,
+          0,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x9d DW_OP_bit_piece
+          "DW_OP_bit_piece",
+          &DwarfOp::op_not_implemented,
+          DWARF_VERSION_3,
+          0,
+          2,
+          {DW_EH_PE_uleb128, DW_EH_PE_uleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x9e DW_OP_implicit_value
+          "DW_OP_implicit_value",
+          &DwarfOp::op_not_implemented,
+          DWARF_VERSION_4,
+          0,
+          1,
+          {DW_EH_PE_uleb128},
+      },
+      {
+          // 0x9f DW_OP_stack_value
+          "DW_OP_stack_value",
+          &DwarfOp::op_not_implemented,
+          DWARF_VERSION_4,
+          1,
+          0,
+          {},
+      },
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xa0 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xa1 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xa2 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xa3 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xa4 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xa5 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xa6 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xa7 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xa8 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xa9 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xaa illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xab illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xac illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xad illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xae illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xaf illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xb0 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xb1 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xb2 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xb3 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xb4 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xb5 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xb6 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xb7 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xb8 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xb9 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xba illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xbb illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xbc illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xbd illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xbe illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xbf illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xc0 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xc1 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xc2 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xc3 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xc4 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xc5 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xc6 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xc7 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xc8 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xc9 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xca illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xcb illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xcc illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xcd illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xce illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xcf illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xd0 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xd1 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xd2 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xd3 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xd4 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xd5 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xd6 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xd7 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xd8 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xd9 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xda illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xdb illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xdc illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xdd illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xde illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xdf illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xe0 DW_OP_lo_user
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xe1 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xe2 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xe3 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xe4 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xe5 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xe6 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xe7 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xe8 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xe9 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xea illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xeb illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xec illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xed illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xee illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xef illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xf0 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xf1 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xf2 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xf3 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xf4 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xf5 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xf6 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xf7 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xf8 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xf9 illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xfa illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xfb illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xfc illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xfd illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xfe illegal op
+      {nullptr, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, {}},  // 0xff DW_OP_hi_user
+  };
+};
+
+#endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_DWARF_OP_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp b/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
index d59e9d8..087457c 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
   uint64_t offset = ehdr.e_phoff;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < ehdr.e_phnum; i++, offset += ehdr.e_phentsize) {
     PhdrType phdr;
-    if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_type, sizeof(phdr.p_type))) {
+    if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_type, sizeof(phdr.p_type))) {
       return false;
     }
 
@@ -54,20 +54,20 @@
     case PT_LOAD:
     {
       // Get the flags first, if this isn't an executable header, ignore it.
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_flags, sizeof(phdr.p_flags))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_flags, sizeof(phdr.p_flags))) {
         return false;
       }
       if ((phdr.p_flags & PF_X) == 0) {
         continue;
       }
 
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_vaddr, sizeof(phdr.p_vaddr))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_vaddr, sizeof(phdr.p_vaddr))) {
         return false;
       }
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_offset, sizeof(phdr.p_offset))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_offset, sizeof(phdr.p_offset))) {
         return false;
       }
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_memsz, sizeof(phdr.p_memsz))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_memsz, sizeof(phdr.p_memsz))) {
         return false;
       }
       pt_loads_[phdr.p_offset] = LoadInfo{phdr.p_offset, phdr.p_vaddr,
@@ -79,22 +79,22 @@
     }
 
     case PT_GNU_EH_FRAME:
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_offset, sizeof(phdr.p_offset))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_offset, sizeof(phdr.p_offset))) {
         return false;
       }
       eh_frame_offset_ = phdr.p_offset;
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_memsz, sizeof(phdr.p_memsz))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_memsz, sizeof(phdr.p_memsz))) {
         return false;
       }
       eh_frame_size_ = phdr.p_memsz;
       break;
 
     case PT_DYNAMIC:
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_offset, sizeof(phdr.p_offset))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_offset, sizeof(phdr.p_offset))) {
         return false;
       }
       dynamic_offset_ = phdr.p_offset;
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_memsz, sizeof(phdr.p_memsz))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_memsz, sizeof(phdr.p_memsz))) {
         return false;
       }
       dynamic_size_ = phdr.p_memsz;
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@
   ShdrType shdr;
   if (ehdr.e_shstrndx < ehdr.e_shnum) {
     uint64_t sh_offset = offset + ehdr.e_shstrndx * ehdr.e_shentsize;
-    if (memory_->Read(sh_offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_offset, sizeof(shdr.sh_offset))
-        && memory_->Read(sh_offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_size, sizeof(shdr.sh_size))) {
+    if (memory_->ReadField(sh_offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_offset, sizeof(shdr.sh_offset)) &&
+        memory_->ReadField(sh_offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_size, sizeof(shdr.sh_size))) {
       sec_offset = shdr.sh_offset;
       sec_size = shdr.sh_size;
     }
@@ -125,27 +125,27 @@
 
   // Skip the first header, it's always going to be NULL.
   for (size_t i = 1; i < ehdr.e_shnum; i++, offset += ehdr.e_shentsize) {
-    if (!memory_->Read(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_type, sizeof(shdr.sh_type))) {
+    if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_type, sizeof(shdr.sh_type))) {
       return false;
     }
 
     if (shdr.sh_type == SHT_PROGBITS) {
       // Look for the .debug_frame and .gnu_debugdata.
-      if (!memory_->Read(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_name, sizeof(shdr.sh_name))) {
+      if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_name, sizeof(shdr.sh_name))) {
         return false;
       }
       if (shdr.sh_name < sec_size) {
         std::string name;
         if (memory_->ReadString(sec_offset + shdr.sh_name, &name)) {
           if (name == ".debug_frame") {
-            if (memory_->Read(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_offset, sizeof(shdr.sh_offset))
-                && memory_->Read(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_size, sizeof(shdr.sh_size))) {
+            if (memory_->ReadField(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_offset, sizeof(shdr.sh_offset)) &&
+                memory_->ReadField(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_size, sizeof(shdr.sh_size))) {
               debug_frame_offset_ = shdr.sh_offset;
               debug_frame_size_ = shdr.sh_size;
             }
           } else if (name == ".gnu_debugdata") {
-            if (memory_->Read(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_offset, sizeof(shdr.sh_offset))
-                && memory_->Read(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_size, sizeof(shdr.sh_size))) {
+            if (memory_->ReadField(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_offset, sizeof(shdr.sh_offset)) &&
+                memory_->ReadField(offset, &shdr, &shdr.sh_size, sizeof(shdr.sh_size))) {
               gnu_debugdata_offset_ = shdr.sh_offset;
               gnu_debugdata_size_ = shdr.sh_size;
             }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.cpp b/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.cpp
index e157320..bab84cc 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.cpp
@@ -85,10 +85,10 @@
   }
 
   Elf32_Phdr phdr;
-  if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_vaddr, sizeof(phdr.p_vaddr))) {
+  if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_vaddr, sizeof(phdr.p_vaddr))) {
     return true;
   }
-  if (!memory_->Read(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_memsz, sizeof(phdr.p_memsz))) {
+  if (!memory_->ReadField(offset, &phdr, &phdr.p_memsz, sizeof(phdr.p_memsz))) {
     return true;
   }
   // The load_bias_ should always be set by this time.
@@ -98,13 +98,15 @@
 }
 
 bool ElfInterfaceArm::Step(uint64_t pc, Regs* regs, Memory* process_memory) {
-  return StepExidx(pc, regs, process_memory) ||
-      ElfInterface32::Step(pc, regs, process_memory);
+  // Dwarf unwind information is precise about whether a pc is covered or not,
+  // but arm unwind information only has ranges of pc. In order to avoid
+  // incorrectly doing a bad unwind using arm unwind information for a
+  // different function, always try and unwind with the dwarf information first.
+  return ElfInterface32::Step(pc, regs, process_memory) || StepExidx(pc, regs, process_memory);
 }
 
 bool ElfInterfaceArm::StepExidx(uint64_t pc, Regs* regs, Memory* process_memory) {
   RegsArm* regs_arm = reinterpret_cast<RegsArm*>(regs);
-  // First try arm, then try dwarf.
   uint64_t entry_offset;
   if (!FindEntry(pc, &entry_offset)) {
     return false;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp b/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
index 1fcf842..9e46509 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Memory.cpp
@@ -96,10 +96,16 @@
 
   offset_ = offset & (getpagesize() - 1);
   uint64_t aligned_offset = offset & ~(getpagesize() - 1);
+  if (aligned_offset > static_cast<uint64_t>(buf.st_size) ||
+      offset > static_cast<uint64_t>(buf.st_size)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
   size_ = buf.st_size - aligned_offset;
-  if (size < (UINT64_MAX - offset_) && size + offset_ < size_) {
+  uint64_t max_size;
+  if (!__builtin_add_overflow(size, offset_, &max_size) && max_size < size_) {
     // Truncate the mapped size.
-    size_ = size + offset_;
+    size_ = max_size;
   }
   void* map = mmap(nullptr, size_, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, fd, aligned_offset);
   if (map == MAP_FAILED) {
@@ -113,14 +119,15 @@
 }
 
 bool MemoryFileAtOffset::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) {
-  if (addr + size > size_) {
+  uint64_t max_size;
+  if (__builtin_add_overflow(addr, size, &max_size) || max_size > size_) {
     return false;
   }
   memcpy(dst, &data_[addr], size);
   return true;
 }
 
-static bool PtraceRead(pid_t pid, uint64_t addr, long* value) {
+bool MemoryRemote::PtraceRead(uint64_t addr, long* value) {
 #if !defined(__LP64__)
   // Cannot read an address greater than 32 bits.
   if (addr > UINT32_MAX) {
@@ -130,7 +137,7 @@
   // ptrace() returns -1 and sets errno when the operation fails.
   // To disambiguate -1 from a valid result, we clear errno beforehand.
   errno = 0;
-  *value = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT, pid, reinterpret_cast<void*>(addr), nullptr);
+  *value = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT, pid_, reinterpret_cast<void*>(addr), nullptr);
   if (*value == -1 && errno) {
     return false;
   }
@@ -138,11 +145,17 @@
 }
 
 bool MemoryRemote::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t bytes) {
+  // Make sure that there is no overflow.
+  uint64_t max_size;
+  if (__builtin_add_overflow(addr, bytes, &max_size)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
   size_t bytes_read = 0;
   long data;
   size_t align_bytes = addr & (sizeof(long) - 1);
   if (align_bytes != 0) {
-    if (!PtraceRead(pid_, addr & ~(sizeof(long) - 1), &data)) {
+    if (!PtraceRead(addr & ~(sizeof(long) - 1), &data)) {
       return false;
     }
     size_t copy_bytes = std::min(sizeof(long) - align_bytes, bytes);
@@ -154,7 +167,7 @@
   }
 
   for (size_t i = 0; i < bytes / sizeof(long); i++) {
-    if (!PtraceRead(pid_, addr, &data)) {
+    if (!PtraceRead(addr, &data)) {
       return false;
     }
     memcpy(dst, &data, sizeof(long));
@@ -165,7 +178,7 @@
 
   size_t left_over = bytes & (sizeof(long) - 1);
   if (left_over) {
-    if (!PtraceRead(pid_, addr, &data)) {
+    if (!PtraceRead(addr, &data)) {
       return false;
     }
     memcpy(dst, &data, left_over);
@@ -175,7 +188,13 @@
 }
 
 bool MemoryLocal::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) {
-  // The process_vm_readv call does will not always work on remote
+  // Make sure that there is no overflow.
+  uint64_t max_size;
+  if (__builtin_add_overflow(addr, size, &max_size)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // The process_vm_readv call will not always work on remote
   // processes, so only use it for reads from the current pid.
   // Use this method to avoid crashes if an address is invalid since
   // unwind data could try to access any part of the address space.
@@ -208,9 +227,29 @@
 }
 
 bool MemoryOffline::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) {
-  if (addr < start_ || addr + size > start_ + offset_ + size_) {
+  uint64_t max_size;
+  if (__builtin_add_overflow(addr, size, &max_size)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  uint64_t real_size;
+  if (__builtin_add_overflow(start_, offset_, &real_size) ||
+      __builtin_add_overflow(real_size, size_, &real_size)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (addr < start_ || max_size > real_size) {
     return false;
   }
   memcpy(dst, &data_[addr + offset_ - start_ + sizeof(start_)], size);
   return true;
 }
+
+bool MemoryRange::Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) {
+  uint64_t max_read;
+  if (__builtin_add_overflow(addr, size, &max_read) || max_read > length_) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  // The check above guarantees that addr + begin_ will not overflow.
+  return memory_->Read(addr + begin_, dst, size);
+}
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Memory.h b/libunwindstack/Memory.h
index c5316a1..f9f6d56 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Memory.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/Memory.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_MEMORY_H
 #define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_MEMORY_H
 
+#include <assert.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -33,9 +34,16 @@
 
   virtual bool Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) = 0;
 
-  inline bool Read(uint64_t addr, void* start, void* field, size_t size) {
-    return Read(addr + reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(field) - reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(start),
-                field, size);
+  inline bool ReadField(uint64_t addr, void* start, void* field, size_t size) {
+    if (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(field) < reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(start)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    uint64_t offset = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(field) - reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(start);
+    if (__builtin_add_overflow(addr, offset, &offset)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // The read will check if offset + size overflows.
+    return Read(offset, field, size);
   }
 
   inline bool Read32(uint64_t addr, uint32_t* dst) {
@@ -103,6 +111,9 @@
 
   pid_t pid() { return pid_; }
 
+ protected:
+  virtual bool PtraceRead(uint64_t addr, long* value);
+
  private:
   pid_t pid_;
 };
@@ -118,15 +129,12 @@
 class MemoryRange : public Memory {
  public:
   MemoryRange(Memory* memory, uint64_t begin, uint64_t end)
-      : memory_(memory), begin_(begin), length_(end - begin_) {}
+      : memory_(memory), begin_(begin), length_(end - begin) {
+    assert(end > begin);
+  }
   virtual ~MemoryRange() { delete memory_; }
 
-  inline bool Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) override {
-    if (addr + size <= length_) {
-      return memory_->Read(addr + begin_, dst, size);
-    }
-    return false;
-  }
+  bool Read(uint64_t addr, void* dst, size_t size) override;
 
  private:
   Memory* memory_;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Symbols.cpp b/libunwindstack/Symbols.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86c1233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/Symbols.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <elf.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "Memory.h"
+#include "Symbols.h"
+
+Symbols::Symbols(uint64_t offset, uint64_t size, uint64_t entry_size, uint64_t str_offset,
+                 uint64_t str_size)
+    : cur_offset_(offset),
+      offset_(offset),
+      end_(offset + size),
+      entry_size_(entry_size),
+      str_offset_(str_offset),
+      str_end_(str_offset_ + str_size) {}
+
+const Symbols::Info* Symbols::GetInfoFromCache(uint64_t addr) {
+  // Binary search the table.
+  size_t first = 0;
+  size_t last = symbols_.size();
+  while (first < last) {
+    size_t current = first + (last - first) / 2;
+    const Info* info = &symbols_[current];
+    if (addr < info->start_offset) {
+      last = current;
+    } else if (addr < info->end_offset) {
+      return info;
+    } else {
+      first = current + 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+template <typename SymType>
+bool Symbols::GetName(uint64_t addr, uint64_t load_bias, Memory* elf_memory, std::string* name,
+                      uint64_t* func_offset) {
+  addr += load_bias;
+
+  if (symbols_.size() != 0) {
+    const Info* info = GetInfoFromCache(addr);
+    if (info) {
+      assert(addr >= info->start_offset && addr <= info->end_offset);
+      *func_offset = addr - info->start_offset;
+      return elf_memory->ReadString(info->str_offset, name, str_end_ - info->str_offset);
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool symbol_added = false;
+  bool return_value = false;
+  while (cur_offset_ + entry_size_ <= end_) {
+    SymType entry;
+    if (!elf_memory->Read(cur_offset_, &entry, sizeof(entry))) {
+      // Stop all processing, something looks like it is corrupted.
+      cur_offset_ = UINT64_MAX;
+      return false;
+    }
+    cur_offset_ += entry_size_;
+
+    if (entry.st_shndx != SHN_UNDEF && ELF32_ST_TYPE(entry.st_info) == STT_FUNC) {
+      // Treat st_value as virtual address.
+      uint64_t start_offset = entry.st_value;
+      if (entry.st_shndx != SHN_ABS) {
+        start_offset += load_bias;
+      }
+      uint64_t end_offset = start_offset + entry.st_size;
+
+      // Cache the value.
+      symbols_.emplace_back(start_offset, end_offset, str_offset_ + entry.st_name);
+      symbol_added = true;
+
+      if (addr >= start_offset && addr < end_offset) {
+        *func_offset = addr - start_offset;
+        uint64_t offset = str_offset_ + entry.st_name;
+        if (offset < str_end_) {
+          return_value = elf_memory->ReadString(offset, name, str_end_ - offset);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (symbol_added) {
+    std::sort(symbols_.begin(), symbols_.end(),
+              [](const Info& a, const Info& b) { return a.start_offset < b.start_offset; });
+  }
+  return return_value;
+}
+
+// Instantiate all of the needed template functions.
+template bool Symbols::GetName<Elf32_Sym>(uint64_t, uint64_t, Memory*, std::string*, uint64_t*);
+template bool Symbols::GetName<Elf64_Sym>(uint64_t, uint64_t, Memory*, std::string*, uint64_t*);
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Symbols.h b/libunwindstack/Symbols.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c0d033
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/Symbols.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBUNWINDSTACK_SYMBOLS_H
+#define _LIBUNWINDSTACK_SYMBOLS_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+// Forward declaration.
+class Memory;
+
+class Symbols {
+  struct Info {
+    Info(uint64_t start_offset, uint64_t end_offset, uint64_t str_offset)
+        : start_offset(start_offset), end_offset(end_offset), str_offset(str_offset) {}
+    uint64_t start_offset;
+    uint64_t end_offset;
+    uint64_t str_offset;
+  };
+
+ public:
+  Symbols(uint64_t offset, uint64_t size, uint64_t entry_size, uint64_t str_offset,
+          uint64_t str_size);
+  virtual ~Symbols() = default;
+
+  const Info* GetInfoFromCache(uint64_t addr);
+
+  template <typename SymType>
+  bool GetName(uint64_t addr, uint64_t load_bias, Memory* elf_memory, std::string* name,
+               uint64_t* func_offset);
+
+  void ClearCache() {
+    symbols_.clear();
+    cur_offset_ = offset_;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  uint64_t cur_offset_;
+  uint64_t offset_;
+  uint64_t end_;
+  uint64_t entry_size_;
+  uint64_t str_offset_;
+  uint64_t str_end_;
+
+  std::vector<Info> symbols_;
+};
+
+#endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_SYMBOLS_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfMemoryTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfMemoryTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4877f36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfMemoryTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,472 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <ios>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "DwarfMemory.h"
+
+#include "MemoryFake.h"
+
+class DwarfMemoryTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    memory_.Clear();
+    dwarf_mem_.reset(new DwarfMemory(&memory_));
+  }
+
+  template <typename AddressType>
+  void GetEncodedSizeTest(uint8_t value, size_t expected);
+  template <typename AddressType>
+  void ReadEncodedValue_omit();
+  template <typename AddressType>
+  void ReadEncodedValue_leb128();
+  template <typename AddressType>
+  void ReadEncodedValue_data1();
+  template <typename AddressType>
+  void ReadEncodedValue_data2();
+  template <typename AddressType>
+  void ReadEncodedValue_data4();
+  template <typename AddressType>
+  void ReadEncodedValue_data8();
+  template <typename AddressType>
+  void ReadEncodedValue_non_zero_adjust();
+  template <typename AddressType>
+  void ReadEncodedValue_overflow();
+
+  MemoryFake memory_;
+  std::unique_ptr<DwarfMemory> dwarf_mem_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadBytes) {
+  memory_.SetMemory(0, std::vector<uint8_t>{0x10, 0x18, 0xff, 0xfe});
+
+  uint8_t byte;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadBytes(&byte, 1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x10U, byte);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadBytes(&byte, 1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x18U, byte);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadBytes(&byte, 1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xffU, byte);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadBytes(&byte, 1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xfeU, byte);
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, dwarf_mem_->cur_offset());
+
+  dwarf_mem_->set_cur_offset(2);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadBytes(&byte, 1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xffU, byte);
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, dwarf_mem_->cur_offset());
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadSigned_check) {
+  uint64_t value;
+
+  // Signed 8 byte reads.
+  memory_.SetData8(0, static_cast<uint8_t>(-10));
+  memory_.SetData8(1, 200);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadSigned<int8_t>(&value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<int8_t>(-10), static_cast<int8_t>(value));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadSigned<int8_t>(&value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<int8_t>(200), static_cast<int8_t>(value));
+
+  // Signed 16 byte reads.
+  memory_.SetData16(0x10, static_cast<uint16_t>(-1000));
+  memory_.SetData16(0x12, 50100);
+  dwarf_mem_->set_cur_offset(0x10);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadSigned<int16_t>(&value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<int16_t>(-1000), static_cast<int16_t>(value));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadSigned<int16_t>(&value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<int16_t>(50100), static_cast<int16_t>(value));
+
+  // Signed 32 byte reads.
+  memory_.SetData32(0x100, static_cast<uint32_t>(-1000000000));
+  memory_.SetData32(0x104, 3000000000);
+  dwarf_mem_->set_cur_offset(0x100);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadSigned<int32_t>(&value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<int32_t>(-1000000000), static_cast<int32_t>(value));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadSigned<int32_t>(&value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<int32_t>(3000000000), static_cast<int32_t>(value));
+
+  // Signed 64 byte reads.
+  memory_.SetData64(0x200, static_cast<uint64_t>(-2000000000000LL));
+  memory_.SetData64(0x208, 5000000000000LL);
+  dwarf_mem_->set_cur_offset(0x200);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadSigned<int64_t>(&value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<int64_t>(-2000000000000), static_cast<int64_t>(value));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadSigned<int64_t>(&value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<int64_t>(5000000000000), static_cast<int64_t>(value));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadULEB128) {
+  memory_.SetMemory(0, std::vector<uint8_t>{0x01, 0x80, 0x24, 0xff, 0xc3, 0xff, 0x7f});
+
+  uint64_t value;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadULEB128(&value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, dwarf_mem_->cur_offset());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, value);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadULEB128(&value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, dwarf_mem_->cur_offset());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1200U, value);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadULEB128(&value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(7U, dwarf_mem_->cur_offset());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xfffe1ffU, value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadSLEB128) {
+  memory_.SetMemory(0, std::vector<uint8_t>{0x06, 0x40, 0x82, 0x34, 0x89, 0x64, 0xf9, 0xc3, 0x8f,
+                                            0x2f, 0xbf, 0xc3, 0xf7, 0x5f});
+
+  int64_t value;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadSLEB128(&value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, dwarf_mem_->cur_offset());
+  ASSERT_EQ(6U, value);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadSLEB128(&value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, dwarf_mem_->cur_offset());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xffffffffffffffc0ULL, static_cast<uint64_t>(value));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadSLEB128(&value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, dwarf_mem_->cur_offset());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1a02U, value);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadSLEB128(&value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(6U, dwarf_mem_->cur_offset());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xfffffffffffff209ULL, static_cast<uint64_t>(value));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadSLEB128(&value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(10U, dwarf_mem_->cur_offset());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x5e3e1f9U, value);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadSLEB128(&value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(14U, dwarf_mem_->cur_offset());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xfffffffffbfde1bfULL, static_cast<uint64_t>(value));
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+void DwarfMemoryTest::GetEncodedSizeTest(uint8_t value, size_t expected) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+    uint8_t encoding = (i << 4) | value;
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected, dwarf_mem_->GetEncodedSize<AddressType>(encoding))
+        << "encoding 0x" << std::hex << static_cast<uint32_t>(encoding) << " test value 0x"
+        << static_cast<size_t>(value);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, GetEncodedSize_absptr_uint32_t) {
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint32_t>(0, sizeof(uint32_t));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, GetEncodedSize_absptr_uint64_t) {
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint64_t>(0, sizeof(uint64_t));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, GetEncodedSize_data1) {
+  // udata1
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint32_t>(0x0d, 1);
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint64_t>(0x0d, 1);
+
+  // sdata1
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint32_t>(0x0e, 1);
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint64_t>(0x0e, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, GetEncodedSize_data2) {
+  // udata2
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint32_t>(0x02, 2);
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint64_t>(0x02, 2);
+
+  // sdata2
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint32_t>(0x0a, 2);
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint64_t>(0x0a, 2);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, GetEncodedSize_data4) {
+  // udata4
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint32_t>(0x03, 4);
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint64_t>(0x03, 4);
+
+  // sdata4
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint32_t>(0x0b, 4);
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint64_t>(0x0b, 4);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, GetEncodedSize_data8) {
+  // udata8
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint32_t>(0x04, 8);
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint64_t>(0x04, 8);
+
+  // sdata8
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint32_t>(0x0c, 8);
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint64_t>(0x0c, 8);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, GetEncodedSize_unknown) {
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint32_t>(0x01, 0);
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint64_t>(0x01, 0);
+
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint32_t>(0x09, 0);
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint64_t>(0x09, 0);
+
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint32_t>(0x0f, 0);
+  GetEncodedSizeTest<uint64_t>(0x0f, 0);
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+void DwarfMemoryTest::ReadEncodedValue_omit() {
+  uint64_t value = 123;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(0xff, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_omit_uint32_t) { ReadEncodedValue_omit<uint32_t>(); }
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_omit_uint64_t) { ReadEncodedValue_omit<uint64_t>(); }
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_absptr_uint32_t) {
+  uint64_t value = 100;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<uint32_t>(0x00, &value));
+
+  memory_.SetData32(0, 0x12345678);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<uint32_t>(0x00, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, dwarf_mem_->cur_offset());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x12345678U, value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_absptr_uint64_t) {
+  uint64_t value = 100;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<uint64_t>(0x00, &value));
+
+  memory_.SetData64(0, 0x12345678f1f2f3f4ULL);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<uint64_t>(0x00, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(8U, dwarf_mem_->cur_offset());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x12345678f1f2f3f4ULL, value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_aligned_uint32_t) {
+  uint64_t value = 100;
+  dwarf_mem_->set_cur_offset(1);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<uint32_t>(0x50, &value));
+
+  memory_.SetData32(4, 0x12345678);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<uint32_t>(0x50, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(8U, dwarf_mem_->cur_offset());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x12345678U, value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_aligned_uint64_t) {
+  uint64_t value = 100;
+  dwarf_mem_->set_cur_offset(1);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<uint64_t>(0x50, &value));
+
+  memory_.SetData64(8, 0x12345678f1f2f3f4ULL);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<uint64_t>(0x50, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(16U, dwarf_mem_->cur_offset());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x12345678f1f2f3f4ULL, value);
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+void DwarfMemoryTest::ReadEncodedValue_leb128() {
+  memory_.SetMemory(0, std::vector<uint8_t>{0x80, 0x42});
+
+  uint64_t value = 100;
+  // uleb128
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(0x01, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x2100U, value);
+
+  dwarf_mem_->set_cur_offset(0);
+  // sleb128
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(0x09, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xffffffffffffe100ULL, value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_leb128_uint32_t) { ReadEncodedValue_leb128<uint32_t>(); }
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_leb128_uint64_t) { ReadEncodedValue_leb128<uint64_t>(); }
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+void DwarfMemoryTest::ReadEncodedValue_data1() {
+  memory_.SetData8(0, 0xe0);
+
+  uint64_t value = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(0x0d, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xe0U, value);
+
+  dwarf_mem_->set_cur_offset(0);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(0x0e, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xffffffffffffffe0ULL, value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data1_uint32_t) { ReadEncodedValue_data1<uint32_t>(); }
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data1_uint64_t) { ReadEncodedValue_data1<uint64_t>(); }
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+void DwarfMemoryTest::ReadEncodedValue_data2() {
+  memory_.SetData16(0, 0xe000);
+
+  uint64_t value = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(0x02, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xe000U, value);
+
+  dwarf_mem_->set_cur_offset(0);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(0x0a, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xffffffffffffe000ULL, value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data2_uint32_t) { ReadEncodedValue_data2<uint32_t>(); }
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data2_uint64_t) { ReadEncodedValue_data2<uint64_t>(); }
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+void DwarfMemoryTest::ReadEncodedValue_data4() {
+  memory_.SetData32(0, 0xe0000000);
+
+  uint64_t value = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(0x03, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xe0000000U, value);
+
+  dwarf_mem_->set_cur_offset(0);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(0x0b, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xffffffffe0000000ULL, value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data4_uint32_t) { ReadEncodedValue_data4<uint32_t>(); }
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data4_uint64_t) { ReadEncodedValue_data4<uint64_t>(); }
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+void DwarfMemoryTest::ReadEncodedValue_data8() {
+  memory_.SetData64(0, 0xe000000000000000ULL);
+
+  uint64_t value = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(0x04, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xe000000000000000ULL, value);
+
+  dwarf_mem_->set_cur_offset(0);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(0x0c, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xe000000000000000ULL, value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data8_uint32_t) { ReadEncodedValue_data8<uint32_t>(); }
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_data8_uint64_t) { ReadEncodedValue_data8<uint64_t>(); }
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+void DwarfMemoryTest::ReadEncodedValue_non_zero_adjust() {
+  memory_.SetData64(0, 0xe000000000000000ULL);
+
+  uint64_t value = 0;
+  dwarf_mem_->set_pc_offset(0x2000);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(0x14, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xe000000000002000ULL, value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_non_zero_adjust_uint32_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_non_zero_adjust<uint32_t>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_non_zero_adjust_uint64_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_non_zero_adjust<uint64_t>();
+}
+
+template <typename AddressType>
+void DwarfMemoryTest::ReadEncodedValue_overflow() {
+  memory_.SetData64(0, 0);
+
+  uint64_t value = 0;
+  dwarf_mem_->set_cur_offset(UINT64_MAX);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(dwarf_mem_->ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(0x50, &value));
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_overflow_uint32_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_overflow<uint32_t>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, ReadEncodedValue_overflow_uint64_t) {
+  ReadEncodedValue_overflow<uint64_t>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, AdjustEncodedValue_absptr) {
+  uint64_t value = 0x1234;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->AdjustEncodedValue(0x00, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1234U, value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, AdjustEncodedValue_pcrel) {
+  uint64_t value = 0x1234;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(dwarf_mem_->AdjustEncodedValue(0x10, &value));
+
+  dwarf_mem_->set_pc_offset(0x2000);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->AdjustEncodedValue(0x10, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x3234U, value);
+
+  dwarf_mem_->set_pc_offset(static_cast<uint64_t>(-4));
+  value = 0x1234;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->AdjustEncodedValue(0x10, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1230U, value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, AdjustEncodedValue_textrel) {
+  uint64_t value = 0x8234;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(dwarf_mem_->AdjustEncodedValue(0x20, &value));
+
+  dwarf_mem_->set_text_offset(0x1000);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->AdjustEncodedValue(0x20, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x9234U, value);
+
+  dwarf_mem_->set_text_offset(static_cast<uint64_t>(-16));
+  value = 0x8234;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->AdjustEncodedValue(0x20, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x8224U, value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, AdjustEncodedValue_datarel) {
+  uint64_t value = 0xb234;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(dwarf_mem_->AdjustEncodedValue(0x30, &value));
+
+  dwarf_mem_->set_data_offset(0x1200);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->AdjustEncodedValue(0x30, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xc434U, value);
+
+  dwarf_mem_->set_data_offset(static_cast<uint64_t>(-256));
+  value = 0xb234;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->AdjustEncodedValue(0x30, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xb134U, value);
+}
+
+TEST_F(DwarfMemoryTest, AdjustEncodedValue_funcrel) {
+  uint64_t value = 0x15234;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(dwarf_mem_->AdjustEncodedValue(0x40, &value));
+
+  dwarf_mem_->set_func_offset(0x60000);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->AdjustEncodedValue(0x40, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x75234U, value);
+
+  dwarf_mem_->set_func_offset(static_cast<uint64_t>(-4096));
+  value = 0x15234;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(dwarf_mem_->AdjustEncodedValue(0x40, &value));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x14234U, value);
+}
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpLogTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpLogTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d18aad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpLogTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <ios>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "DwarfError.h"
+#include "DwarfMemory.h"
+#include "DwarfOp.h"
+#include "Log.h"
+#include "Regs.h"
+
+#include "MemoryFake.h"
+
+template <typename TypeParam>
+class DwarfOpLogTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    op_memory_.Clear();
+    regular_memory_.Clear();
+    mem_.reset(new DwarfMemory(&op_memory_));
+    op_.reset(new DwarfOp<TypeParam>(mem_.get(), &regular_memory_));
+  }
+
+  MemoryFake op_memory_;
+  MemoryFake regular_memory_;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<DwarfMemory> mem_;
+  std::unique_ptr<DwarfOp<TypeParam>> op_;
+};
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfOpLogTest);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpLogTest, multiple_ops) {
+  // Multi operation opcodes.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      0x0a, 0x20, 0x10, 0x08, 0x03, 0x12, 0x27,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  std::vector<std::string> lines;
+  this->op_->GetLogInfo(0, opcode_buffer.size(), &lines);
+  std::vector<std::string> expected{
+      "DW_OP_const2u 4128", "Raw Data: 0x0a 0x20 0x10", "DW_OP_const1u 3", "Raw Data: 0x08 0x03",
+      "DW_OP_dup",          "Raw Data: 0x12",           "DW_OP_xor",       "Raw Data: 0x27"};
+  ASSERT_EQ(expected, lines);
+}
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfOpLogTest, multiple_ops);
+
+typedef ::testing::Types<uint32_t, uint64_t> DwarfOpLogTestTypes;
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, DwarfOpLogTest, DwarfOpLogTestTypes);
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..520c545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfOpTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1593 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <ios>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "DwarfError.h"
+#include "DwarfMemory.h"
+#include "DwarfOp.h"
+#include "Log.h"
+#include "Regs.h"
+
+#include "MemoryFake.h"
+
+template <typename TypeParam>
+class RegsFake : public RegsTmpl<TypeParam> {
+ public:
+  RegsFake(uint16_t total_regs, uint16_t sp_reg)
+      : RegsTmpl<TypeParam>(total_regs, sp_reg, Regs::Location(Regs::LOCATION_UNKNOWN, 0)) {}
+  virtual ~RegsFake() = default;
+
+  uint64_t GetRelPc(Elf*, const MapInfo*) override { return 0; }
+  uint64_t GetAdjustedPc(uint64_t, Elf*) override { return 0; }
+  bool GetReturnAddressFromDefault(Memory*, uint64_t*) { return false; }
+};
+
+template <typename TypeParam>
+class DwarfOpTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    op_memory_.Clear();
+    regular_memory_.Clear();
+    mem_.reset(new DwarfMemory(&op_memory_));
+    op_.reset(new DwarfOp<TypeParam>(mem_.get(), &regular_memory_));
+  }
+
+  MemoryFake op_memory_;
+  MemoryFake regular_memory_;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<DwarfMemory> mem_;
+  std::unique_ptr<DwarfOp<TypeParam>> op_;
+};
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfOpTest);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, decode) {
+  // Memory error.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_MEMORY_INVALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  // No error.
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, std::vector<uint8_t>{0x96});
+  this->mem_->set_cur_offset(0);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_NONE, this->op_->last_error());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x96U, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->mem_->cur_offset());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, eval) {
+  // Memory error.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Eval(0, 2, DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_MEMORY_INVALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  // Register set.
+  // Do this first, to verify that subsequent calls reset the value.
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, std::vector<uint8_t>{0x50});
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Eval(0, 1, DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->is_register());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->mem_->cur_offset());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  // Multi operation opcodes.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      0x08, 0x04, 0x08, 0x03, 0x08, 0x02, 0x08, 0x01,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Eval(0, 8, DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_NONE, this->op_->last_error());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->is_register());
+  ASSERT_EQ(8U, this->mem_->cur_offset());
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackAt(1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, this->op_->StackAt(2));
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, this->op_->StackAt(3));
+
+  // Infinite loop.
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, std::vector<uint8_t>{0x2f, 0xfd, 0xff});
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Eval(0, 4, DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_TOO_MANY_ITERATIONS, this->op_->last_error());
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->is_register());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, this->op_->StackSize());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, illegal_opcode) {
+  // Fill the buffer with all of the illegal opcodes.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x05, 0x07};
+  for (size_t opcode = 0xa0; opcode < 256; opcode++) {
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(opcode);
+  }
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < opcode_buffer.size(); i++) {
+    ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+    ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE, this->op_->last_error());
+    ASSERT_EQ(opcode_buffer[i], this->op_->cur_op());
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, illegal_in_version3) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {0x97, 0x98, 0x99, 0x9a, 0x9b, 0x9c, 0x9d};
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < opcode_buffer.size(); i++) {
+    ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(2));
+    ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE, this->op_->last_error());
+    ASSERT_EQ(opcode_buffer[i], this->op_->cur_op());
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, illegal_in_version4) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {0x9e, 0x9f};
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < opcode_buffer.size(); i++) {
+    ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(3));
+    ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE, this->op_->last_error());
+    ASSERT_EQ(opcode_buffer[i], this->op_->cur_op());
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, not_implemented) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // Push values so that any not implemented ops will return the right error.
+      0x08, 0x03, 0x08, 0x02, 0x08, 0x01,
+      // xderef
+      0x18,
+      // fbreg
+      0x91, 0x01,
+      // piece
+      0x93, 0x01,
+      // xderef_size
+      0x95, 0x01,
+      // push_object_address
+      0x97,
+      // call2
+      0x98, 0x01, 0x02,
+      // call4
+      0x99, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04,
+      // call_ref
+      0x9a,
+      // form_tls_address
+      0x9b,
+      // call_frame_cfa
+      0x9c,
+      // bit_piece
+      0x9d, 0x01, 0x01,
+      // implicit_value
+      0x9e, 0x01,
+      // stack_value
+      0x9f,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  // Push the stack values.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+
+  while (this->mem_->cur_offset() < opcode_buffer.size()) {
+    ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+    ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, this->op_->last_error());
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_addr) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {0x03, 0x12, 0x23, 0x34, 0x45};
+  if (sizeof(TypeParam) == 8) {
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x56);
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x67);
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x78);
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x89);
+  }
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x03, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  if (sizeof(TypeParam) == 4) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x45342312U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  } else {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x8978675645342312UL, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_deref) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // Try a dereference with nothing on the stack.
+      0x06,
+      // Add an address, then dereference.
+      0x0a, 0x10, 0x20, 0x06,
+      // Now do another dereference that should fail in memory.
+      0x06,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+  TypeParam value = 0x12345678;
+  this->regular_memory_.SetMemory(0x2010, &value, sizeof(value));
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x06, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(value, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_MEMORY_INVALID, this->op_->last_error());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_deref_size) {
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, std::vector<uint8_t>{0x94});
+  TypeParam value = 0x12345678;
+  this->regular_memory_.SetMemory(0x2010, &value, sizeof(value));
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  // Read all byte sizes up to the sizeof the type.
+  for (size_t i = 1; i < sizeof(TypeParam); i++) {
+    this->op_memory_.SetMemory(
+        0, std::vector<uint8_t>{0x0a, 0x10, 0x20, 0x94, static_cast<uint8_t>(i)});
+    ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Eval(0, 5, DWARF_VERSION_MAX)) << "Failed at size " << i;
+    ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize()) << "Failed at size " << i;
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x94, this->op_->cur_op()) << "Failed at size " << i;
+    TypeParam expected_value = 0;
+    memcpy(&expected_value, &value, i);
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected_value, this->op_->StackAt(0)) << "Failed at size " << i;
+  }
+
+  // Zero byte read.
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, std::vector<uint8_t>{0x0a, 0x10, 0x20, 0x94, 0x00});
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Eval(0, 5, DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  // Read too many bytes.
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, std::vector<uint8_t>{0x0a, 0x10, 0x20, 0x94, sizeof(TypeParam) + 1});
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Eval(0, 5, DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  // Force bad memory read.
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, std::vector<uint8_t>{0x0a, 0x10, 0x40, 0x94, 0x01});
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Eval(0, 5, DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_MEMORY_INVALID, this->op_->last_error());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, const_unsigned) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // const1u
+      0x08, 0x12, 0x08, 0xff,
+      // const2u
+      0x0a, 0x45, 0x12, 0x0a, 0x00, 0xff,
+      // const4u
+      0x0c, 0x12, 0x23, 0x34, 0x45, 0x0c, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0xff,
+      // const8u
+      0x0e, 0x08, 0x07, 0x06, 0x05, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0x0e, 0x87, 0x98, 0xa9, 0xba, 0xcb,
+      0xdc, 0xed, 0xfe,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  // const1u
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x08, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x12U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x08, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xffU, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  // const2u
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x0a, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1245U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x0a, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xff00U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  // const4u
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x0c, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(5U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x45342312U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x0c, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(6U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xff010203U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  // const8u
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x0e, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(7U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  if (sizeof(TypeParam) == 4) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x05060708U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  } else {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x0102030405060708ULL, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x0e, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(8U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  if (sizeof(TypeParam) == 4) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0xbaa99887UL, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  } else {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0xfeeddccbbaa99887ULL, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, const_signed) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // const1s
+      0x09, 0x12, 0x09, 0xff,
+      // const2s
+      0x0b, 0x21, 0x32, 0x0b, 0x08, 0xff,
+      // const4s
+      0x0d, 0x45, 0x34, 0x23, 0x12, 0x0d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0xff,
+      // const8s
+      0x0f, 0x89, 0x78, 0x67, 0x56, 0x45, 0x34, 0x23, 0x12, 0x0f, 0x04, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01, 0xef,
+      0xef, 0xef, 0xff,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  // const1s
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x09, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x12U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x09, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TypeParam>(-1), this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  // const2s
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x0b, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x3221U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x0b, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TypeParam>(-248), this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  // const4s
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x0d, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(5U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x12233445U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x0d, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(6U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TypeParam>(-16580095), this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  // const8s
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x0f, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(7U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  if (sizeof(TypeParam) == 4) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x56677889ULL, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  } else {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x1223344556677889ULL, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x0f, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(8U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  if (sizeof(TypeParam) == 4) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x01020304U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  } else {
+    ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TypeParam>(-4521264810949884LL), this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, const_uleb) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // Single byte ULEB128
+      0x10, 0x22, 0x10, 0x7f,
+      // Multi byte ULEB128
+      0x10, 0xa2, 0x22, 0x10, 0xa2, 0x74, 0x10, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88,
+      0x09, 0x10, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88, 0x79,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  // Single byte ULEB128
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x10, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x22U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x10, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7fU, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  // Multi byte ULEB128
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x10, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1122U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x10, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x3a22U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x10, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(5U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  if (sizeof(TypeParam) == 4) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x5080c101U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  } else {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x9101c305080c101ULL, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x10, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(6U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  if (sizeof(TypeParam) == 4) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x5080c101U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  } else {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x79101c305080c101ULL, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, const_sleb) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // Single byte SLEB128
+      0x11, 0x22, 0x11, 0x7f,
+      // Multi byte SLEB128
+      0x11, 0xa2, 0x22, 0x11, 0xa2, 0x74, 0x11, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84, 0x85, 0x86, 0x87, 0x88,
+      0x09, 0x11,
+  };
+  if (sizeof(TypeParam) == 4) {
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0xb8);
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0xd3);
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x63);
+  } else {
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x81);
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x82);
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x83);
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x84);
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x85);
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x86);
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x87);
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x88);
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x79);
+  }
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  // Single byte SLEB128
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x11, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x22U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x11, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TypeParam>(-1), this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  // Multi byte SLEB128
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x11, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1122U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x11, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TypeParam>(-1502), this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x11, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(5U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  if (sizeof(TypeParam) == 4) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x5080c101U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  } else {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x9101c305080c101ULL, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  }
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x11, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(6U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  if (sizeof(TypeParam) == 4) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TypeParam>(-464456), this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  } else {
+    ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TypeParam>(-499868564803501823LL), this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_dup) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // Should fail since nothing is on the stack.
+      0x12,
+      // Push on a value and dup.
+      0x08, 0x15, 0x12,
+      // Do it again.
+      0x08, 0x23, 0x12,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x12, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x12, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x15U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x15U, this->op_->StackAt(1));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x12, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x23U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x23U, this->op_->StackAt(1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x15U, this->op_->StackAt(2));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x15U, this->op_->StackAt(3));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_drop) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // Push a couple of values.
+      0x08, 0x10, 0x08, 0x20,
+      // Drop the values.
+      0x13, 0x13,
+      // Attempt to drop empty stack.
+      0x13,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x13, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x10U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x13, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x13, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_over) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // Push a couple of values.
+      0x08, 0x1a, 0x08, 0xed,
+      // Copy a value.
+      0x14,
+      // Remove all but one element.
+      0x13, 0x13,
+      // Provoke a failure with this opcode.
+      0x14,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x14, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1aU, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xedU, this->op_->StackAt(1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1aU, this->op_->StackAt(2));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x14, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_pick) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // Push a few values.
+      0x08, 0x1a, 0x08, 0xed, 0x08, 0x34,
+      // Copy the value at offset 2.
+      0x15, 0x01,
+      // Copy the last value in the stack.
+      0x15, 0x03,
+      // Choose an invalid index.
+      0x15, 0x10,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x15, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xedU, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x34U, this->op_->StackAt(1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xedU, this->op_->StackAt(2));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1aU, this->op_->StackAt(3));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x15, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(5U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1aU, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xedU, this->op_->StackAt(1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x34U, this->op_->StackAt(2));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xedU, this->op_->StackAt(3));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1aU, this->op_->StackAt(4));
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x15, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_swap) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // Push a couple of values.
+      0x08, 0x26, 0x08, 0xab,
+      // Swap values.
+      0x16,
+      // Pop a value to cause a failure.
+      0x13, 0x16,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xabU, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x26U, this->op_->StackAt(1));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x16, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x26U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xabU, this->op_->StackAt(1));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x16, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_rot) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // Rotate that should cause a failure.
+      0x17, 0x08, 0x10,
+      // Only 1 value on stack, should fail.
+      0x17, 0x08, 0x20,
+      // Only 2 values on stack, should fail.
+      0x17, 0x08, 0x30,
+      // Should rotate properly.
+      0x17,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x30U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x20U, this->op_->StackAt(1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x10U, this->op_->StackAt(2));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x17, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x20U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x10U, this->op_->StackAt(1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x30U, this->op_->StackAt(2));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_abs) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // Abs that should fail.
+      0x19,
+      // A value that is already positive.
+      0x08, 0x10, 0x19,
+      // A value that is negative.
+      0x11, 0x7f, 0x19,
+      // A value that is large and negative.
+      0x11, 0x81, 0x80, 0x80, 0x80,
+  };
+  if (sizeof(TypeParam) == 4) {
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x08);
+  } else {
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x80);
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x80);
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x01);
+  }
+  opcode_buffer.push_back(0x19);
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x10U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x19, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x10U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x19, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x19, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  if (sizeof(TypeParam) == 4) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(2147483647U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  } else {
+    ASSERT_EQ(4398046511105UL, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_and) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // No stack, and op will fail.
+      0x1b,
+      // Push a single value.
+      0x08, 0x20,
+      // One element stack, and op will fail.
+      0x1b,
+      // Push another value.
+      0x08, 0x02, 0x1b,
+      // Push on two negative values.
+      0x11, 0x7c, 0x11, 0x7f, 0x1b,
+      // Push one negative, one positive.
+      0x11, 0x10, 0x11, 0x7c, 0x1b,
+      // Divide by zero.
+      0x11, 0x10, 0x11, 0x00, 0x1b,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  // Two positive values.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1b, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x10U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  // Two negative values.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1b, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x04U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  // One negative value, one positive value.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1b, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TypeParam>(-4), this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  // Divide by zero.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(5U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE, this->op_->last_error());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_div) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // No stack, and op will fail.
+      0x1a,
+      // Push a single value.
+      0x08, 0x48,
+      // One element stack, and op will fail.
+      0x1a,
+      // Push another value.
+      0x08, 0xf0, 0x1a,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1a, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x40U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_minus) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // No stack, and op will fail.
+      0x1c,
+      // Push a single value.
+      0x08, 0x48,
+      // One element stack, and op will fail.
+      0x1c,
+      // Push another value.
+      0x08, 0x04, 0x1c,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1c, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x44U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_mod) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // No stack, and op will fail.
+      0x1d,
+      // Push a single value.
+      0x08, 0x47,
+      // One element stack, and op will fail.
+      0x1d,
+      // Push another value.
+      0x08, 0x04, 0x1d,
+      // Try a mod of zero.
+      0x08, 0x01, 0x08, 0x00, 0x1d,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1d, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x03U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE, this->op_->last_error());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_mul) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // No stack, and op will fail.
+      0x1e,
+      // Push a single value.
+      0x08, 0x48,
+      // One element stack, and op will fail.
+      0x1e,
+      // Push another value.
+      0x08, 0x04, 0x1e,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1e, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x120U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_neg) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // No stack, and op will fail.
+      0x1f,
+      // Push a single value.
+      0x08, 0x48, 0x1f,
+      // Push a negative value.
+      0x11, 0x7f, 0x1f,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1f, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TypeParam>(-72), this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1f, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x01U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_not) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // No stack, and op will fail.
+      0x20,
+      // Push a single value.
+      0x08, 0x4, 0x20,
+      // Push a negative value.
+      0x11, 0x7c, 0x20,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x20, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TypeParam>(-5), this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x20, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x03U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_or) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // No stack, and op will fail.
+      0x21,
+      // Push a single value.
+      0x08, 0x48,
+      // One element stack, and op will fail.
+      0x21,
+      // Push another value.
+      0x08, 0xf4, 0x21,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x21, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xfcU, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_plus) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // No stack, and op will fail.
+      0x22,
+      // Push a single value.
+      0x08, 0xff,
+      // One element stack, and op will fail.
+      0x22,
+      // Push another value.
+      0x08, 0xf2, 0x22,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x22, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x1f1U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_plus_uconst) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // No stack, and op will fail.
+      0x23,
+      // Push a single value.
+      0x08, 0x50, 0x23, 0x80, 0x51,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x23, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x28d0U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_shl) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // No stack, and op will fail.
+      0x24,
+      // Push a single value.
+      0x08, 0x67,
+      // One element stack, and op will fail.
+      0x24,
+      // Push another value.
+      0x08, 0x03, 0x24,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x24, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x338U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_shr) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // No stack, and op will fail.
+      0x25,
+      // Push a single value.
+      0x11, 0x70,
+      // One element stack, and op will fail.
+      0x25,
+      // Push another value.
+      0x08, 0x03, 0x25,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x25, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  if (sizeof(TypeParam) == 4) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x1ffffffeU, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  } else {
+    ASSERT_EQ(0x1ffffffffffffffeULL, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_shra) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // No stack, and op will fail.
+      0x26,
+      // Push a single value.
+      0x11, 0x70,
+      // One element stack, and op will fail.
+      0x26,
+      // Push another value.
+      0x08, 0x03, 0x26,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x26, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(static_cast<TypeParam>(-2), this->op_->StackAt(0));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_xor) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // No stack, and op will fail.
+      0x27,
+      // Push a single value.
+      0x08, 0x11,
+      // One element stack, and op will fail.
+      0x27,
+      // Push another value.
+      0x08, 0x41, 0x27,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x27, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x50U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_bra) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // No stack, and op will fail.
+      0x28,
+      // Push on a non-zero value with a positive branch.
+      0x08, 0x11, 0x28, 0x02, 0x01,
+      // Push on a zero value with a positive branch.
+      0x08, 0x00, 0x28, 0x05, 0x00,
+      // Push on a non-zero value with a negative branch.
+      0x08, 0x11, 0x28, 0xfc, 0xff,
+      // Push on a zero value with a negative branch.
+      0x08, 0x00, 0x28, 0xf0, 0xff,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+  // Push on a non-zero value with a positive branch.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  uint64_t offset = this->mem_->cur_offset() + 3;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x28, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(offset + 0x102, this->mem_->cur_offset());
+
+  // Push on a zero value with a positive branch.
+  this->mem_->set_cur_offset(offset);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  offset = this->mem_->cur_offset() + 3;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x28, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(offset - 5, this->mem_->cur_offset());
+
+  // Push on a non-zero value with a negative branch.
+  this->mem_->set_cur_offset(offset);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  offset = this->mem_->cur_offset() + 3;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x28, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(offset - 4, this->mem_->cur_offset());
+
+  // Push on a zero value with a negative branch.
+  this->mem_->set_cur_offset(offset);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+
+  offset = this->mem_->cur_offset() + 3;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x28, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(offset + 16, this->mem_->cur_offset());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, compare_opcode_stack_error) {
+  // All of the ops require two stack elements. Loop through all of these
+  // ops with potential errors.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      0xff,  // Place holder for compare op.
+      0x08, 0x11,
+      0xff,  // Place holder for compare op.
+  };
+
+  for (uint8_t opcode = 0x29; opcode <= 0x2e; opcode++) {
+    opcode_buffer[0] = opcode;
+    opcode_buffer[3] = opcode;
+    this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Eval(0, 1, DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+    ASSERT_EQ(opcode, this->op_->cur_op());
+    ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+
+    ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Eval(1, 4, DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+    ASSERT_EQ(opcode, this->op_->cur_op());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+    ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_STACK_INDEX_NOT_VALID, this->op_->last_error());
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, compare_opcodes) {
+  // Have three different checks for each compare op:
+  //   - Both values the same.
+  //   - The first value larger than the second.
+  //   - The second value larger than the first.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // Values the same.
+      0x08, 0x11, 0x08, 0x11,
+      0xff,  // Placeholder.
+      // First value larger.
+      0x08, 0x12, 0x08, 0x10,
+      0xff,  // Placeholder.
+      // Second value larger.
+      0x08, 0x10, 0x08, 0x12,
+      0xff,  // Placeholder.
+  };
+
+  // Opcode followed by the expected values on the stack.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> expected = {
+      0x29, 1, 0, 0,  // eq
+      0x2a, 1, 1, 0,  // ge
+      0x2b, 0, 1, 0,  // gt
+      0x2c, 1, 0, 1,  // le
+      0x2d, 0, 0, 1,  // lt
+      0x2e, 0, 1, 1,  // ne
+  };
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < expected.size(); i += 4) {
+    opcode_buffer[4] = expected[i];
+    opcode_buffer[9] = expected[i];
+    opcode_buffer[14] = expected[i];
+    this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Eval(0, 15, DWARF_VERSION_MAX))
+        << "Op: 0x" << std::hex << static_cast<uint32_t>(expected[i]) << " failed";
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(3U, this->op_->StackSize());
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected[i + 1], this->op_->StackAt(2));
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected[i + 2], this->op_->StackAt(1));
+    ASSERT_EQ(expected[i + 3], this->op_->StackAt(0));
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_skip) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      // Positive value.
+      0x2f, 0x10, 0x20,
+      // Negative value.
+      0x2f, 0xfd, 0xff,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  uint64_t offset = this->mem_->cur_offset() + 3;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x2f, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(offset + 0x2010, this->mem_->cur_offset());
+
+  this->mem_->set_cur_offset(offset);
+  offset = this->mem_->cur_offset() + 3;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x2f, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(offset - 3, this->mem_->cur_offset());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_lit) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer;
+
+  // Verify every lit opcode.
+  for (uint8_t op = 0x30; op <= 0x4f; op++) {
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(op);
+  }
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < opcode_buffer.size(); i++) {
+    uint32_t op = opcode_buffer[i];
+    ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Eval(i, i + 1, DWARF_VERSION_MAX)) << "Failed op: 0x" << std::hex << op;
+    ASSERT_EQ(op, this->op_->cur_op());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize()) << "Failed op: 0x" << std::hex << op;
+    ASSERT_EQ(op - 0x30U, this->op_->StackAt(0)) << "Failed op: 0x" << std::hex << op;
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_reg) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer;
+
+  // Verify every reg opcode.
+  for (uint8_t op = 0x50; op <= 0x6f; op++) {
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(op);
+  }
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < opcode_buffer.size(); i++) {
+    uint32_t op = opcode_buffer[i];
+    ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Eval(i, i + 1, DWARF_VERSION_MAX)) << "Failed op: 0x" << std::hex << op;
+    ASSERT_EQ(op, this->op_->cur_op());
+    ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->is_register()) << "Failed op: 0x" << std::hex << op;
+    ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize()) << "Failed op: 0x" << std::hex << op;
+    ASSERT_EQ(op - 0x50U, this->op_->StackAt(0)) << "Failed op: 0x" << std::hex << op;
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_regx) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      0x90, 0x02, 0x90, 0x80, 0x15,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Eval(0, 2, DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x90, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->is_register());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x02U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Eval(2, 5, DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x90, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->is_register());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xa80U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_breg) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer;
+
+  // Verify every reg opcode.
+  for (uint8_t op = 0x70; op <= 0x8f; op++) {
+    // Positive value added to register.
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(op);
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x12);
+    // Negative value added to register.
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(op);
+    opcode_buffer.push_back(0x7e);
+  }
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  RegsFake<TypeParam> regs(32, 10);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+    regs[i] = i + 10;
+  }
+  this->op_->set_regs(&regs);
+
+  uint64_t offset = 0;
+  for (uint32_t op = 0x70; op <= 0x8f; op++) {
+    // Positive value added to register.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Eval(offset, offset + 2, DWARF_VERSION_MAX)) << "Failed op: 0x"
+                                                                        << std::hex << op;
+    ASSERT_EQ(op, this->op_->cur_op());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize()) << "Failed op: 0x" << std::hex << op;
+    ASSERT_EQ(op - 0x70 + 10 + 0x12, this->op_->StackAt(0)) << "Failed op: 0x" << std::hex << op;
+    offset += 2;
+
+    // Negative value added to register.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Eval(offset, offset + 2, DWARF_VERSION_MAX)) << "Failed op: 0x"
+                                                                        << std::hex << op;
+    ASSERT_EQ(op, this->op_->cur_op());
+    ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize()) << "Failed op: 0x" << std::hex << op;
+    ASSERT_EQ(op - 0x70 + 10 - 2, this->op_->StackAt(0)) << "Failed op: 0x" << std::hex << op;
+    offset += 2;
+  }
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_breg_invalid_register) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {
+      0x7f, 0x12, 0x80, 0x12,
+  };
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  RegsFake<TypeParam> regs(16, 10);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+    regs[i] = i + 10;
+  }
+  this->op_->set_regs(&regs);
+
+  // Should pass since this references the last regsister.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Eval(0, 2, DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x7fU, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x2bU, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  // Should fail since this references a non-existent register.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Eval(2, 4, DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE, this->op_->last_error());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_bregx) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> opcode_buffer = {// Positive value added to register.
+                                        0x92, 0x05, 0x20,
+                                        // Negative value added to register.
+                                        0x92, 0x06, 0x80, 0x7e,
+                                        // Illegal register.
+                                        0x92, 0x80, 0x15, 0x80, 0x02};
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, opcode_buffer);
+
+  RegsFake<TypeParam> regs(10, 10);
+  regs[5] = 0x45;
+  regs[6] = 0x190;
+  this->op_->set_regs(&regs);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Eval(0, 3, DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x92, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x65U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Eval(3, 7, DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x92, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, this->op_->StackSize());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x90U, this->op_->StackAt(0));
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(this->op_->Eval(7, 12, DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(DWARF_ERROR_ILLEGAL_VALUE, this->op_->last_error());
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(DwarfOpTest, op_nop) {
+  this->op_memory_.SetMemory(0, std::vector<uint8_t>{0x96});
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(this->op_->Decode(DWARF_VERSION_MAX));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0x96, this->op_->cur_op());
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, this->op_->StackSize());
+}
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(DwarfOpTest, decode, eval, illegal_opcode, illegal_in_version3,
+                           illegal_in_version4, not_implemented, op_addr, op_deref, op_deref_size,
+                           const_unsigned, const_signed, const_uleb, const_sleb, op_dup, op_drop,
+                           op_over, op_pick, op_swap, op_rot, op_abs, op_and, op_div, op_minus,
+                           op_mod, op_mul, op_neg, op_not, op_or, op_plus, op_plus_uconst, op_shl,
+                           op_shr, op_shra, op_xor, op_bra, compare_opcode_stack_error,
+                           compare_opcodes, op_skip, op_lit, op_reg, op_regx, op_breg,
+                           op_breg_invalid_register, op_bregx, op_nop);
+
+typedef ::testing::Types<uint32_t, uint64_t> DwarfOpTestTypes;
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, DwarfOpTest, DwarfOpTestTypes);
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryBuffer.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryBuffer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af3d6b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryBuffer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "Memory.h"
+
+#include "LogFake.h"
+
+class MemoryBufferTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override {
+    ResetLogs();
+    memory_.reset(new MemoryBuffer);
+  }
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryBuffer> memory_;
+};
+
+TEST_F(MemoryBufferTest, empty) {
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, memory_->Size());
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_->Read(0, buffer.data(), 1));
+  ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, memory_->GetPtr(0));
+  ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, memory_->GetPtr(1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryBufferTest, write_read) {
+  memory_->Resize(256);
+  ASSERT_EQ(256U, memory_->Size());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_->GetPtr(0) != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_->GetPtr(1) != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_->GetPtr(255) != nullptr);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_->GetPtr(256) == nullptr);
+
+  uint8_t* data = memory_->GetPtr(0);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < memory_->Size(); i++) {
+    data[i] = i;
+  }
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(memory_->Size());
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_->Read(0, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer.size(); i++) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(i, buffer[i]) << "Failed at byte " << i;
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryBufferTest, read_failures) {
+  memory_->Resize(100);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(200);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_->Read(0, buffer.data(), 101));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_->Read(100, buffer.data(), 1));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_->Read(101, buffer.data(), 2));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_->Read(99, buffer.data(), 2));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_->Read(99, buffer.data(), 1));
+}
+
+TEST_F(MemoryBufferTest, read_failure_overflow) {
+  memory_->Resize(100);
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(200);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_->Read(UINT64_MAX - 100, buffer.data(), 200));
+}
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.h b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.h
index e05736b..70ef30a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFake.h
@@ -75,4 +75,16 @@
   }
 };
 
+class MemoryFakeRemote : public MemoryRemote {
+ public:
+  MemoryFakeRemote() : MemoryRemote(0) {}
+  virtual ~MemoryFakeRemote() = default;
+
+ protected:
+  bool PtraceRead(uint64_t, long* value) override {
+    *value = 0;
+    return true;
+  }
+};
+
 #endif  // _LIBUNWINDSTACK_TESTS_MEMORY_FAKE_H
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFileTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFileTest.cpp
index 870ca19..aa7a23a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFileTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryFileTest.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
 #include <android-base/test_utils.h>
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@
   TemporaryFile* tf_ = nullptr;
 };
 
-TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, offset_0) {
+TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, init_offset_0) {
   WriteTestData();
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory_.Init(tf_->path, 0));
@@ -49,7 +52,7 @@
   ASSERT_STREQ("0123456789", buffer.data());
 }
 
-TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, offset_non_zero) {
+TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, init_offset_non_zero) {
   WriteTestData();
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory_.Init(tf_->path, 10));
@@ -59,7 +62,7 @@
   ASSERT_STREQ("abcdefghij", buffer.data());
 }
 
-TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, offset_non_zero_larger_than_pagesize) {
+TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, init_offset_non_zero_larger_than_pagesize) {
   size_t pagesize = getpagesize();
   std::string large_string;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < pagesize; i++) {
@@ -75,7 +78,7 @@
   ASSERT_STREQ("abcdefgh", buffer.data());
 }
 
-TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, offset_pagesize_aligned) {
+TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, init_offset_pagesize_aligned) {
   size_t pagesize = getpagesize();
   std::string data;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < 2 * pagesize; i++) {
@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@
   ASSERT_STREQ(expected_str.c_str(), buffer.data());
 }
 
-TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, offset_pagesize_aligned_plus_extra) {
+TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, init_offset_pagesize_aligned_plus_extra) {
   size_t pagesize = getpagesize();
   std::string data;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < 2 * pagesize; i++) {
@@ -117,6 +120,23 @@
   ASSERT_STREQ(expected_str.c_str(), buffer.data());
 }
 
+TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, init_offset_greater_than_filesize) {
+  size_t pagesize = getpagesize();
+  std::string data;
+  uint64_t file_size = 2 * pagesize + pagesize / 2;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < file_size; i++) {
+    data += static_cast<char>((i / pagesize) + '0');
+  }
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFd(data, tf_->fd));
+
+  // Check offset > file size fails and aligned_offset > file size.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_.Init(tf_->path, file_size + 2 * pagesize));
+  // Check offset == filesize fails.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_.Init(tf_->path, file_size));
+  // Check aligned_offset < filesize, but offset > filesize fails.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_.Init(tf_->path, 2 * pagesize + pagesize / 2 + pagesize / 4));
+}
+
 TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, read_error) {
   std::string data;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < 5000; i++) {
@@ -137,32 +157,9 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory_.Read(4990, buffer.data(), 10));
   ASSERT_FALSE(memory_.Read(4999, buffer.data(), 2));
   ASSERT_TRUE(memory_.Read(4999, buffer.data(), 1));
-}
 
-TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, read_string) {
-  std::string value("name_in_file");
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tf_->fd, value.c_str(), value.size() + 1));
-
-  std::string name;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_.Init(tf_->path, 0));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_.ReadString(0, &name));
-  ASSERT_EQ("name_in_file", name);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_.ReadString(5, &name));
-  ASSERT_EQ("in_file", name);
-}
-
-TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, read_string_error) {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer = { 0x23, 0x32, 0x45 };
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteFully(tf_->fd, buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
-
-  std::string name;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(memory_.Init(tf_->path, 0));
-
-  // Read from a non-existant address.
-  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_.ReadString(100, &name));
-
-  // This should fail because there is no terminating \0
-  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_.ReadString(0, &name));
+  // Check that overflow fails properly.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory_.Read(UINT64_MAX - 100, buffer.data(), 200));
 }
 
 TEST_F(MemoryFileTest, read_past_file_within_mapping) {
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryLocalTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryLocalTest.cpp
index 0ba5f1c..ab999da 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryLocalTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryLocalTest.cpp
@@ -47,25 +47,6 @@
   }
 }
 
-TEST(MemoryLocalTest, read_string) {
-  std::string name("string_in_memory");
-
-  MemoryLocal local;
-
-  std::vector<uint8_t> dst(1024);
-  std::string dst_name;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(local.ReadString(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(name.c_str()), &dst_name));
-  ASSERT_EQ("string_in_memory", dst_name);
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(local.ReadString(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&name[7]), &dst_name));
-  ASSERT_EQ("in_memory", dst_name);
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(local.ReadString(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&name[7]), &dst_name, 10));
-  ASSERT_EQ("in_memory", dst_name);
-
-  ASSERT_FALSE(local.ReadString(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&name[7]), &dst_name, 9));
-}
-
 TEST(MemoryLocalTest, read_illegal) {
   MemoryLocal local;
 
@@ -73,3 +54,13 @@
   ASSERT_FALSE(local.Read(0, dst.data(), 1));
   ASSERT_FALSE(local.Read(0, dst.data(), 100));
 }
+
+TEST(MemoryLocalTest, read_overflow) {
+  MemoryLocal local;
+
+  // On 32 bit this test doesn't necessarily cause an overflow. The 64 bit
+  // version will always go through the overflow check.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> dst(100);
+  uint64_t value;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(local.Read(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&value), dst.data(), SIZE_MAX));
+}
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp
index d636ec4..ee5ba01 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRangeTest.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
@@ -65,35 +66,14 @@
   ASSERT_FALSE(range.Read(1020, dst.data(), 5));
   ASSERT_FALSE(range.Read(1024, dst.data(), 1));
   ASSERT_FALSE(range.Read(1024, dst.data(), 1024));
+
+  // Verify that reading up to the end works.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(range.Read(1020, dst.data(), 4));
 }
 
-TEST_F(MemoryRangeTest, read_string_past_end) {
-  std::string name("0123456789");
-  memory_->SetMemory(0, name);
+TEST_F(MemoryRangeTest, read_overflow) {
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(100);
 
-  // Verify a read past the range fails.
-  MemoryRange range(memory_, 0, 5);
-  std::string dst_name;
-  ASSERT_FALSE(range.ReadString(0, &dst_name));
-}
-
-TEST_F(MemoryRangeTest, read_string_to_end) {
-  std::string name("0123456789");
-  memory_->SetMemory(30, name);
-
-  // Verify the range going to the end of the string works.
-  MemoryRange range(memory_, 30, 30 + name.size() + 1);
-  std::string dst_name;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(range.ReadString(0, &dst_name));
-  ASSERT_EQ("0123456789", dst_name);
-}
-
-TEST_F(MemoryRangeTest, read_string_fencepost) {
-  std::string name("0123456789");
-  memory_->SetMemory(10, name);
-
-  // Verify the range set to one byte less than the end of the string fails.
-  MemoryRange range(memory_, 10, 10 + name.size());
-  std::string dst_name;
-  ASSERT_FALSE(range.ReadString(0, &dst_name));
+  std::unique_ptr<MemoryRange> overflow(new MemoryRange(new MemoryFakeAlwaysReadZero, 100, 200));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(overflow->Read(UINT64_MAX - 10, buffer.data(), 100));
 }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp
index 7664c3e..e48edf7 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryRemoteTest.cpp
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@
 
 #include "Memory.h"
 
+#include "MemoryFake.h"
+
 class MemoryRemoteTest : public ::testing::Test {
  protected:
   static uint64_t NanoTime() {
@@ -121,6 +123,9 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(remote.Read(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(src) + pagesize - 1, dst.data(), 1));
   ASSERT_FALSE(remote.Read(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(src) + pagesize - 4, dst.data(), 8));
 
+  // Check overflow condition is caught properly.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(remote.Read(UINT64_MAX - 100, dst.data(), 200));
+
   ASSERT_EQ(0, munmap(src, pagesize));
 
   ASSERT_TRUE(Detach(pid));
@@ -128,6 +133,14 @@
   kill(pid, SIGKILL);
 }
 
+TEST_F(MemoryRemoteTest, read_overflow) {
+  MemoryFakeRemote remote;
+
+  // Check overflow condition is caught properly.
+  std::vector<uint8_t> dst(200);
+  ASSERT_FALSE(remote.Read(UINT64_MAX - 100, dst.data(), 200));
+}
+
 TEST_F(MemoryRemoteTest, read_illegal) {
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..51b5d7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MemoryTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "Memory.h"
+
+#include "MemoryFake.h"
+
+TEST(MemoryTest, read32) {
+  MemoryFakeAlwaysReadZero memory;
+
+  uint32_t data = 0xffffffff;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.Read32(0, &data));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, data);
+}
+
+TEST(MemoryTest, read64) {
+  MemoryFakeAlwaysReadZero memory;
+
+  uint64_t data = 0xffffffffffffffffULL;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.Read64(0, &data));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, data);
+}
+
+struct FakeStruct {
+  int one;
+  bool two;
+  uint32_t three;
+  uint64_t four;
+};
+
+TEST(MemoryTest, read_field) {
+  MemoryFakeAlwaysReadZero memory;
+
+  FakeStruct data;
+  memset(&data, 0xff, sizeof(data));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadField(0, &data, &data.one, sizeof(data.one)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0, data.one);
+
+  memset(&data, 0xff, sizeof(data));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadField(0, &data, &data.two, sizeof(data.two)));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(data.two);
+
+  memset(&data, 0xff, sizeof(data));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadField(0, &data, &data.three, sizeof(data.three)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, data.three);
+
+  memset(&data, 0xff, sizeof(data));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadField(0, &data, &data.four, sizeof(data.four)));
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, data.four);
+}
+
+TEST(MemoryTest, read_field_fails) {
+  MemoryFakeAlwaysReadZero memory;
+
+  FakeStruct data;
+  memset(&data, 0xff, sizeof(data));
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory.ReadField(UINT64_MAX, &data, &data.three, sizeof(data.three)));
+
+  // Field and start reversed, should fail.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory.ReadField(100, &data.two, &data, sizeof(data.two)));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory.ReadField(0, &data.two, &data, sizeof(data.two)));
+}
+
+TEST(MemoryTest, read_string) {
+  std::string name("string_in_memory");
+
+  MemoryFake memory;
+
+  memory.SetMemory(100, name.c_str(), name.size() + 1);
+
+  std::string dst_name;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadString(100, &dst_name));
+  ASSERT_EQ("string_in_memory", dst_name);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadString(107, &dst_name));
+  ASSERT_EQ("in_memory", dst_name);
+
+  // Set size greater than string.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadString(107, &dst_name, 10));
+  ASSERT_EQ("in_memory", dst_name);
+
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory.ReadString(107, &dst_name, 9));
+}
+
+TEST(MemoryTest, read_string_error) {
+  std::string name("short");
+
+  MemoryFake memory;
+
+  // Save everything except the terminating '\0'.
+  memory.SetMemory(0, name.c_str(), name.size());
+
+  std::string dst_name;
+  // Read from a non-existant address.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory.ReadString(100, &dst_name));
+
+  // This should fail because there is no terminating '\0'.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(memory.ReadString(0, &dst_name));
+
+  // This should pass because there is a terminating '\0'.
+  memory.SetData8(name.size(), '\0');
+  ASSERT_TRUE(memory.ReadString(0, &dst_name));
+  ASSERT_EQ("short", dst_name);
+}
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/SymbolsTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/SymbolsTest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0a21e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/SymbolsTest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,335 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <elf.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/ptrace.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/test_utils.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include "Memory.h"
+#include "MemoryFake.h"
+#include "Symbols.h"
+
+template <typename TypeParam>
+class SymbolsTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  void SetUp() override { memory_.Clear(); }
+
+  void InitSym(TypeParam* sym, uint32_t st_value, uint32_t st_size, uint32_t st_name) {
+    memset(sym, 0, sizeof(*sym));
+    sym->st_info = STT_FUNC;
+    sym->st_value = st_value;
+    sym->st_size = st_size;
+    sym->st_name = st_name;
+    sym->st_shndx = SHN_COMMON;
+  }
+
+  MemoryFake memory_;
+};
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(SymbolsTest);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(SymbolsTest, function_bounds_check) {
+  Symbols symbols(0x1000, sizeof(TypeParam), sizeof(TypeParam), 0x2000, 0x100);
+
+  TypeParam sym;
+  this->InitSym(&sym, 0x5000, 0x10, 0x40);
+  uint64_t offset = 0x1000;
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(offset, &sym, sizeof(sym));
+
+  std::string fake_name("fake_function");
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(0x2040, fake_name.c_str(), fake_name.size() + 1);
+
+  std::string name;
+  uint64_t func_offset;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x5000, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("fake_function", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, func_offset);
+
+  name.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x500f, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("fake_function", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xfU, func_offset);
+
+  // Check one before and one after the function.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x4fff, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x5010, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(SymbolsTest, no_symbol) {
+  Symbols symbols(0x1000, sizeof(TypeParam), sizeof(TypeParam), 0x2000, 0x100);
+
+  TypeParam sym;
+  this->InitSym(&sym, 0x5000, 0x10, 0x40);
+  uint64_t offset = 0x1000;
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(offset, &sym, sizeof(sym));
+
+  std::string fake_name("fake_function");
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(0x2040, fake_name.c_str(), fake_name.size() + 1);
+
+  // First verify that we can get the name.
+  std::string name;
+  uint64_t func_offset;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x5000, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("fake_function", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, func_offset);
+
+  // Now modify the info field so it's no longer a function.
+  sym.st_info = 0;
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(offset, &sym, sizeof(sym));
+  // Clear the cache to force the symbol data to be re-read.
+  symbols.ClearCache();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x5000, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+
+  // Set the function back, and set the shndx to UNDEF.
+  sym.st_info = STT_FUNC;
+  sym.st_shndx = SHN_UNDEF;
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(offset, &sym, sizeof(sym));
+  // Clear the cache to force the symbol data to be re-read.
+  symbols.ClearCache();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x5000, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(SymbolsTest, multiple_entries) {
+  Symbols symbols(0x1000, sizeof(TypeParam) * 3, sizeof(TypeParam), 0x2000, 0x500);
+
+  TypeParam sym;
+  uint64_t offset = 0x1000;
+  std::string fake_name;
+
+  this->InitSym(&sym, 0x5000, 0x10, 0x40);
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(offset, &sym, sizeof(sym));
+  fake_name = "function_one";
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(0x2040, fake_name.c_str(), fake_name.size() + 1);
+  offset += sizeof(sym);
+
+  this->InitSym(&sym, 0x3004, 0x200, 0x100);
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(offset, &sym, sizeof(sym));
+  fake_name = "function_two";
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(0x2100, fake_name.c_str(), fake_name.size() + 1);
+  offset += sizeof(sym);
+
+  this->InitSym(&sym, 0xa010, 0x20, 0x230);
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(offset, &sym, sizeof(sym));
+  fake_name = "function_three";
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(0x2230, fake_name.c_str(), fake_name.size() + 1);
+
+  std::string name;
+  uint64_t func_offset;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x3005, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("function_two", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, func_offset);
+
+  name.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x5004, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("function_one", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, func_offset);
+
+  name.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0xa011, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("function_three", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, func_offset);
+
+  // Reget some of the others to verify getting one function name doesn't
+  // affect any of the next calls.
+  name.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x5008, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("function_one", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(8U, func_offset);
+
+  name.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x3008, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("function_two", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, func_offset);
+
+  name.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0xa01a, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("function_three", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0xaU, func_offset);
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(SymbolsTest, multiple_entries_nonstandard_size) {
+  uint64_t entry_size = sizeof(TypeParam) + 5;
+  Symbols symbols(0x1000, entry_size * 3, entry_size, 0x2000, 0x500);
+
+  TypeParam sym;
+  uint64_t offset = 0x1000;
+  std::string fake_name;
+
+  this->InitSym(&sym, 0x5000, 0x10, 0x40);
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(offset, &sym, sizeof(sym));
+  fake_name = "function_one";
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(0x2040, fake_name.c_str(), fake_name.size() + 1);
+  offset += entry_size;
+
+  this->InitSym(&sym, 0x3004, 0x200, 0x100);
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(offset, &sym, sizeof(sym));
+  fake_name = "function_two";
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(0x2100, fake_name.c_str(), fake_name.size() + 1);
+  offset += entry_size;
+
+  this->InitSym(&sym, 0xa010, 0x20, 0x230);
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(offset, &sym, sizeof(sym));
+  fake_name = "function_three";
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(0x2230, fake_name.c_str(), fake_name.size() + 1);
+
+  std::string name;
+  uint64_t func_offset;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x3005, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("function_two", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, func_offset);
+
+  name.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x5004, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("function_one", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, func_offset);
+
+  name.clear();
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0xa011, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("function_three", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, func_offset);
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(SymbolsTest, load_bias) {
+  Symbols symbols(0x1000, sizeof(TypeParam), sizeof(TypeParam), 0x2000, 0x100);
+
+  TypeParam sym;
+  this->InitSym(&sym, 0x5000, 0x10, 0x40);
+  uint64_t offset = 0x1000;
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(offset, &sym, sizeof(sym));
+
+  std::string fake_name("fake_function");
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(0x2040, fake_name.c_str(), fake_name.size() + 1);
+
+  // Set a non-zero load_bias that should be a valid function offset.
+  std::string name;
+  uint64_t func_offset;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x5004, 0x1000, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("fake_function", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(4U, func_offset);
+
+  // Set a flag that should cause the load_bias to be ignored.
+  sym.st_shndx = SHN_ABS;
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(offset, &sym, sizeof(sym));
+  // Clear the cache to force the symbol data to be re-read.
+  symbols.ClearCache();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x5004, 0x1000, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST_P(SymbolsTest, symtab_value_out_of_bounds) {
+  Symbols symbols_end_at_100(0x1000, sizeof(TypeParam) * 2, sizeof(TypeParam), 0x2000, 0x100);
+  Symbols symbols_end_at_200(0x1000, sizeof(TypeParam) * 2, sizeof(TypeParam), 0x2000, 0x200);
+
+  TypeParam sym;
+  uint64_t offset = 0x1000;
+
+  this->InitSym(&sym, 0x5000, 0x10, 0xfb);
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(offset, &sym, sizeof(sym));
+  offset += sizeof(sym);
+
+  this->InitSym(&sym, 0x3000, 0x10, 0x100);
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(offset, &sym, sizeof(sym));
+
+  // Put the name across the end of the tab.
+  std::string fake_name("fake_function");
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(0x20fb, fake_name.c_str(), fake_name.size() + 1);
+
+  std::string name;
+  uint64_t func_offset;
+  // Verify that we can get the function name properly for both entries.
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols_end_at_200.GetName<TypeParam>(0x5000, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("fake_function", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, func_offset);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols_end_at_200.GetName<TypeParam>(0x3000, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("function", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(0U, func_offset);
+
+  // Now use the symbol table that ends at 0x100.
+  ASSERT_FALSE(
+      symbols_end_at_100.GetName<TypeParam>(0x5000, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(
+      symbols_end_at_100.GetName<TypeParam>(0x3000, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+}
+
+// Verify the entire func table is cached.
+TYPED_TEST_P(SymbolsTest, symtab_read_cached) {
+  Symbols symbols(0x1000, 3 * sizeof(TypeParam), sizeof(TypeParam), 0xa000, 0x1000);
+
+  TypeParam sym;
+  uint64_t offset = 0x1000;
+
+  // Make sure that these entries are not in ascending order.
+  this->InitSym(&sym, 0x5000, 0x10, 0x100);
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(offset, &sym, sizeof(sym));
+  offset += sizeof(sym);
+
+  this->InitSym(&sym, 0x2000, 0x300, 0x200);
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(offset, &sym, sizeof(sym));
+  offset += sizeof(sym);
+
+  this->InitSym(&sym, 0x1000, 0x100, 0x300);
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(offset, &sym, sizeof(sym));
+  offset += sizeof(sym);
+
+  // Do call that should cache all of the entries (except the string data).
+  std::string name;
+  uint64_t func_offset;
+  ASSERT_FALSE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x6000, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  this->memory_.Clear();
+  ASSERT_FALSE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x6000, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+
+  // Clear the memory and only put the symbol data string data in memory.
+  this->memory_.Clear();
+
+  std::string fake_name;
+  fake_name = "first_entry";
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(0xa100, fake_name.c_str(), fake_name.size() + 1);
+  fake_name = "second_entry";
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(0xa200, fake_name.c_str(), fake_name.size() + 1);
+  fake_name = "third_entry";
+  this->memory_.SetMemory(0xa300, fake_name.c_str(), fake_name.size() + 1);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x5001, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("first_entry", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(1U, func_offset);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x2002, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("second_entry", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(2U, func_offset);
+
+  ASSERT_TRUE(symbols.GetName<TypeParam>(0x1003, 0, &this->memory_, &name, &func_offset));
+  ASSERT_EQ("third_entry", name);
+  ASSERT_EQ(3U, func_offset);
+}
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(SymbolsTest, function_bounds_check, no_symbol, multiple_entries,
+                           multiple_entries_nonstandard_size, load_bias, symtab_value_out_of_bounds,
+                           symtab_read_cached);
+
+typedef ::testing::Types<Elf32_Sym, Elf64_Sym> SymbolsTestTypes;
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(, SymbolsTest, SymbolsTestTypes);
diff --git a/logcat/Android.mk b/logcat/Android.mk
index f564f0f..4e11ca9 100644
--- a/logcat/Android.mk
+++ b/logcat/Android.mk
@@ -15,6 +15,16 @@
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
+LOCAL_MODULE := logcatd
+LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := debug
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := logcatd_main.cpp event.logtags
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := liblogcat $(logcatLibs)
+LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Werror
+
+include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
+
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+
 LOCAL_MODULE := liblogcat
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := logcat.cpp getopt_long.cpp logcat_system.cpp
 LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := $(logcatLibs)
diff --git a/logcat/event.logtags b/logcat/event.logtags
index 909f8e2..9f05351 100644
--- a/logcat/event.logtags
+++ b/logcat/event.logtags
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
 
 # These are used for testing, do not modify without updating
 # tests/framework-tests/src/android/util/EventLogFunctionalTest.java.
+# system/core/liblog/tests/liblog_benchmark.cpp
+# system/core/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp
 42    answer (to life the universe etc|3)
 314   pi
 2718  e
diff --git a/logcat/logcat.cpp b/logcat/logcat.cpp
index 8134936..64d1d2f 100644
--- a/logcat/logcat.cpp
+++ b/logcat/logcat.cpp
@@ -882,6 +882,7 @@
           { "grep",          required_argument, nullptr, 'e' },
           // hidden and undocumented reserved alias for --max-count
           { "head",          required_argument, nullptr, 'm' },
+          { "help",          no_argument,       nullptr, 'h' },
           { id_str,          required_argument, nullptr, 0 },
           { "last",          no_argument,       nullptr, 'L' },
           { "max-count",     required_argument, nullptr, 'm' },
@@ -900,9 +901,8 @@
         };
         // clang-format on
 
-        ret = getopt_long_r(argc, argv,
-                            ":cdDLt:T:gG:sQf:r:n:v:b:BSpP:m:e:", long_options,
-                            &option_index, &optctx);
+        ret = getopt_long_r(argc, argv, ":cdDhLt:T:gG:sQf:r:n:v:b:BSpP:m:e:",
+                            long_options, &option_index, &optctx);
         if (ret < 0) break;
 
         switch (ret) {
@@ -1304,6 +1304,11 @@
                              "Option -%c needs an argument\n", optctx.optopt);
                 goto exit;
 
+            case 'h':
+                show_help(context);
+                show_format_help(context);
+                goto exit;
+
             default:
                 logcat_panic(context, HELP_TRUE, "Unrecognized Option %c\n",
                              optctx.optopt);
diff --git a/logcat/logcatd.rc b/logcat/logcatd.rc
index b082a64..06cc90d 100644
--- a/logcat/logcatd.rc
+++ b/logcat/logcatd.rc
@@ -34,9 +34,6 @@
 on property:logd.logpersistd.enable=true && property:logd.logpersistd=logcatd
     # all exec/services are called with umask(077), so no gain beyond 0700
     mkdir /data/misc/logd 0700 logd log
-    # logd for write to /data/misc/logd, log group for read from pstore (-L)
-    # b/28788401 b/30041146 b/30612424
-    # exec - logd log -- /system/bin/logcat -L -b ${logd.logpersistd.buffer:-all} -v threadtime -v usec -v printable -D -f /data/misc/logd/logcat -r 1024 -n ${logd.logpersistd.size:-256} --id=${ro.build.id}
     start logcatd
 
 # stop logcatd service and clear data
@@ -57,7 +54,7 @@
     stop logcatd
 
 # logcatd service
-service logcatd /system/bin/logcat -b ${logd.logpersistd.buffer:-all} -v threadtime -v usec -v printable -D -f /data/misc/logd/logcat -r 1024 -n ${logd.logpersistd.size:-256} --id=${ro.build.id}
+service logcatd /system/bin/logcatd -L -b ${logd.logpersistd.buffer:-all} -v threadtime -v usec -v printable -D -f /data/misc/logd/logcat -r 1024 -n ${logd.logpersistd.size:-256} --id=${ro.build.id}
     class late_start
     disabled
     # logd for write to /data/misc/logd, log group for read from log daemon
diff --git a/logcat/logcatd_main.cpp b/logcat/logcatd_main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9109eb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/logcat/logcatd_main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <log/logcat.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv, char** envp) {
+    android_logcat_context ctx = create_android_logcat();
+    if (!ctx) return -1;
+
+    signal(SIGPIPE, exit);
+
+    // Save and detect presence of -L or --last flag
+    std::vector<std::string> args;
+    bool last = false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
+        if (!argv[i]) continue;
+        args.push_back(std::string(argv[i]));
+        if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-L") || !strcmp(argv[i], "--last")) last = true;
+    }
+
+    // Generate argv from saved content
+    std::vector<const char*> argv_hold;
+    for (auto& str : args) argv_hold.push_back(str.c_str());
+    argv_hold.push_back(nullptr);
+
+    int ret = 0;
+    if (last) {
+        // Run logcat command with -L flag
+        ret = android_logcat_run_command(ctx, -1, -1, argv_hold.size() - 1,
+                                         (char* const*)&argv_hold[0], envp);
+        // Remove -L and --last flags from argument list
+        for (std::vector<const char*>::iterator it = argv_hold.begin();
+             it != argv_hold.end();) {
+            if (!*it || (strcmp(*it, "-L") && strcmp(*it, "--last"))) {
+                ++it;
+            } else {
+                it = argv_hold.erase(it);
+            }
+        }
+        // fall through to re-run the command regardless of the arguments
+        // passed in.  For instance, we expect -h to report help stutter.
+    }
+
+    // Run logcat command without -L flag
+    int retval = android_logcat_run_command(ctx, -1, -1, argv_hold.size() - 1,
+                                            (char* const*)&argv_hold[0], envp);
+    if (!ret) ret = retval;
+    retval = android_logcat_destroy(&ctx);
+    if (!ret) ret = retval;
+    return ret;
+}
diff --git a/logcat/tests/Android.mk b/logcat/tests/Android.mk
index 22aca17..defd3c4 100644
--- a/logcat/tests/Android.mk
+++ b/logcat/tests/Android.mk
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@
 
 test_src_files := \
     logcat_test.cpp \
+    logcatd_test.cpp \
     liblogcat_test.cpp \
 
 # Build tests for the device (with .so). Run with:
diff --git a/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp b/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp
index a3a0176..21868f2 100644
--- a/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp
+++ b/logcat/tests/logcat_test.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
@@ -39,6 +40,10 @@
 #define logcat_pclose(context, fp) pclose(fp)
 #define logcat_system(command) system(command)
 #endif
+#ifndef logcat_executable
+#define USING_LOGCAT_EXECUTABLE_DEFAULT
+#define logcat_executable "logcat"
+#endif
 
 #define BIG_BUFFER (5 * 1024)
 
@@ -64,14 +69,13 @@
 
 #undef LOG_TAG
 #define LOG_TAG "inject"
-    RLOGE("logcat.buckets");
+    RLOGE(logcat_executable ".buckets");
     sleep(1);
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(
-        NULL !=
-        (fp = logcat_popen(
-             ctx,
-             "logcat -b radio -b events -b system -b main -d 2>/dev/null")));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NULL !=
+                (fp = logcat_popen(
+                     ctx, logcat_executable
+                     " -b radio -b events -b system -b main -d 2>/dev/null")));
 
     char buffer[BIG_BUFFER];
 
@@ -101,8 +105,8 @@
     logcat_define(ctx);
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(NULL !=
-                (fp = logcat_popen(ctx,
-                                   "logcat -b events -d -s auditd "
+                (fp = logcat_popen(ctx, logcat_executable
+                                   " -b events -d -s auditd "
                                    "am_proc_start am_pss am_proc_bound "
                                    "dvm_lock_sample am_wtf 2>/dev/null")));
 
@@ -170,10 +174,9 @@
 #endif
         strftime(needle, sizeof(needle), "[ %Y-", ptm);
 
-        ASSERT_TRUE(
-            NULL !=
-            (fp = logcat_popen(
-                 ctx, "logcat -v long -v year -b all -t 3 2>/dev/null")));
+        ASSERT_TRUE(NULL != (fp = logcat_popen(
+                                 ctx, logcat_executable
+                                 " -v long -v year -b all -t 3 2>/dev/null")));
 
         char buffer[BIG_BUFFER];
 
@@ -237,8 +240,8 @@
         logcat_define(ctx);
 
         ASSERT_TRUE(NULL !=
-                    (fp = logcat_popen(ctx,
-                                       "logcat -v long -v America/Los_Angeles "
+                    (fp = logcat_popen(ctx, logcat_executable
+                                       " -v long -v America/Los_Angeles "
                                        "-b all -t 3 2>/dev/null")));
 
         char buffer[BIG_BUFFER];
@@ -264,10 +267,9 @@
     FILE* fp;
     logcat_define(ctx);
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NULL !=
-                (fp = logcat_popen(ctx,
-                                   "logcat -v long -v America/Los_Angeles -v "
-                                   "zone -b all -t 3 2>/dev/null")));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(NULL != (fp = logcat_popen(ctx, logcat_executable
+                                           " -v long -v America/Los_Angeles -v "
+                                           "zone -b all -t 3 2>/dev/null")));
 
     char buffer[BIG_BUFFER];
 
@@ -435,11 +437,11 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logcat, tail_time) {
-    do_tail_time("logcat -v long -v nsec -b all");
+    do_tail_time(logcat_executable " -v long -v nsec -b all");
 }
 
 TEST(logcat, tail_time_epoch) {
-    do_tail_time("logcat -v long -v nsec -v epoch -b all");
+    do_tail_time(logcat_executable " -v long -v nsec -v epoch -b all");
 }
 
 TEST(logcat, End_to_End) {
@@ -452,8 +454,8 @@
     FILE* fp;
     logcat_define(ctx);
     ASSERT_TRUE(NULL !=
-                (fp = logcat_popen(
-                     ctx, "logcat -v brief -b events -t 100 2>/dev/null")));
+                (fp = logcat_popen(ctx, logcat_executable
+                                   " -v brief -b events -t 100 2>/dev/null")));
 
     char buffer[BIG_BUFFER];
 
@@ -492,8 +494,8 @@
     size_t num = 0;
     do {
         EXPECT_TRUE(NULL !=
-                    (fp[num] = logcat_popen(
-                         ctx[num], "logcat -v brief -b events -t 100")));
+                    (fp[num] = logcat_popen(ctx[num], logcat_executable
+                                            " -v brief -b events -t 100")));
         if (!fp[num]) {
             fprintf(stderr,
                     "WARNING: limiting to %zu simultaneous logcat operations\n",
@@ -604,22 +606,23 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logcat, get_size) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(4, get_groups("logcat -v brief -b radio -b events -b system -b "
+    ASSERT_EQ(4, get_groups(logcat_executable
+                            " -v brief -b radio -b events -b system -b "
                             "main -g 2>/dev/null"));
 }
 
 // duplicate test for get_size, but use comma-separated list of buffers
 TEST(logcat, multiple_buffer) {
     ASSERT_EQ(
-        4, get_groups(
-               "logcat -v brief -b radio,events,system,main -g 2>/dev/null"));
+        4, get_groups(logcat_executable
+                      " -v brief -b radio,events,system,main -g 2>/dev/null"));
 }
 
 TEST(logcat, bad_buffer) {
-    ASSERT_EQ(
-        0,
-        get_groups(
-            "logcat -v brief -b radio,events,bogo,system,main -g 2>/dev/null"));
+    ASSERT_EQ(0,
+              get_groups(
+                  logcat_executable
+                  " -v brief -b radio,events,bogo,system,main -g 2>/dev/null"));
 }
 
 #ifndef logcat
@@ -774,8 +777,8 @@
     char buf[sizeof(form)];
     ASSERT_TRUE(NULL != mkdtemp(strcpy(buf, form)));
 
-    static const char comm[] =
-        "logcat -b radio -b events -b system -b main"
+    static const char comm[] = logcat_executable
+        " -b radio -b events -b system -b main"
         " -d -f %s/log.txt -n 7 -r 1";
     char command[sizeof(buf) + sizeof(comm)];
     snprintf(command, sizeof(command), comm, buf);
@@ -820,8 +823,8 @@
     char tmp_out_dir[sizeof(tmp_out_dir_form)];
     ASSERT_TRUE(NULL != mkdtemp(strcpy(tmp_out_dir, tmp_out_dir_form)));
 
-    static const char logcat_cmd[] =
-        "logcat -b radio -b events -b system -b main"
+    static const char logcat_cmd[] = logcat_executable
+        " -b radio -b events -b system -b main"
         " -d -f %s/log.txt -n 10 -r 1";
     char command[sizeof(tmp_out_dir) + sizeof(logcat_cmd)];
     snprintf(command, sizeof(command), logcat_cmd, tmp_out_dir);
@@ -880,7 +883,7 @@
 
     static const char log_filename[] = "log.txt";
     static const char logcat_cmd[] =
-        "logcat -b all -v nsec -d -f %s/%s -n 256 -r 1024";
+        logcat_executable " -b all -v nsec -d -f %s/%s -n 256 -r 1024";
     static const char cleanup_cmd[] = "rm -rf %s";
     char command[sizeof(tmp_out_dir) + sizeof(logcat_cmd) + sizeof(log_filename)];
     snprintf(command, sizeof(command), logcat_cmd, tmp_out_dir, log_filename);
@@ -1005,7 +1008,8 @@
 
     static const char log_filename[] = "log.txt";
     static const unsigned num_val = 32;
-    static const char logcat_cmd[] = "logcat -b all -d -f %s/%s -n %d -r 1";
+    static const char logcat_cmd[] =
+        logcat_executable " -b all -d -f %s/%s -n %d -r 1";
     static const char clear_cmd[] = " -c";
     static const char cleanup_cmd[] = "rm -rf %s";
     char command[sizeof(tmp_out_dir) + sizeof(logcat_cmd) +
@@ -1109,9 +1113,9 @@
 
 TEST(logcat, logrotate_id) {
     static const char logcat_cmd[] =
-        "logcat -b all -d -f %s/%s -n 32 -r 1 --id=test";
+        logcat_executable " -b all -d -f %s/%s -n 32 -r 1 --id=test";
     static const char logcat_short_cmd[] =
-        "logcat -b all -t 10 -f %s/%s -n 32 -r 1 --id=test";
+        logcat_executable " -b all -t 10 -f %s/%s -n 32 -r 1 --id=test";
     static const char tmp_out_dir_form[] =
         "/data/local/tmp/logcat.logrotate.XXXXXX";
     static const char log_filename[] = "log.txt";
@@ -1155,8 +1159,8 @@
 
 TEST(logcat, logrotate_nodir) {
     // expect logcat to error out on writing content and not exit(0) for nodir
-    static const char command[] =
-        "logcat -b all -d"
+    static const char command[] = logcat_executable
+        " -b all -d"
         " -f /das/nein/gerfingerpoken/logcat/log.txt"
         " -n 256 -r 1024";
     EXPECT_FALSE(IsFalse(0 == logcat_system(command), command));
@@ -1292,7 +1296,7 @@
     FILE* fp;
     logcat_define(ctx);
 
-    fp = logcat_popen(ctx, "logcat -p 2>/dev/null");
+    fp = logcat_popen(ctx, logcat_executable " -p 2>/dev/null");
     if (fp == NULL) {
         fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: logcat -p 2>/dev/null\n");
         return false;
@@ -1330,7 +1334,8 @@
 
     char buffer[BIG_BUFFER];
 
-    snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "logcat -P '%s' 2>&1", list ? list : "");
+    snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), logcat_executable " -P '%s' 2>&1",
+             list ? list : "");
     fp = logcat_popen(ctx, buffer);
     if (fp == NULL) {
         fprintf(stderr, "ERROR: %s\n", buffer);
@@ -1392,15 +1397,11 @@
     int count = 0;
 
     char buffer[BIG_BUFFER];
-// Have to make liblogcat data unique from logcat data injection
-#ifdef logcat
-#define logcat_regex_prefix "lolcat_test"
-#else
-#define logcat_regex_prefix "logcat_test"
-#endif
+#define logcat_regex_prefix ___STRING(logcat) "_test"
 
     snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
-             "logcat --pid %d -d -e " logcat_regex_prefix "_a+b", getpid());
+             logcat_executable " --pid %d -d -e " logcat_regex_prefix "_a+b",
+             getpid());
 
     LOG_FAILURE_RETRY(__android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_WARN, logcat_regex_prefix,
                                           logcat_regex_prefix "_ab"));
@@ -1437,8 +1438,8 @@
 
     char buffer[BIG_BUFFER];
 
-    snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "logcat --pid %d -d --max-count 3",
-             getpid());
+    snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer),
+             logcat_executable " --pid %d -d --max-count 3", getpid());
 
     LOG_FAILURE_RETRY(
         __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_WARN, "logcat_test", "logcat_test"));
@@ -1663,8 +1664,34 @@
 }
 
 TEST(logcat, security) {
-    EXPECT_FALSE(reportedSecurity("logcat -b all -g 2>&1"));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(reportedSecurity("logcat -b security -g 2>&1"));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(reportedSecurity("logcat -b security -c 2>&1"));
-    EXPECT_TRUE(reportedSecurity("logcat -b security -G 256K 2>&1"));
+    EXPECT_FALSE(reportedSecurity(logcat_executable " -b all -g 2>&1"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(reportedSecurity(logcat_executable " -b security -g 2>&1"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(reportedSecurity(logcat_executable " -b security -c 2>&1"));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(
+        reportedSecurity(logcat_executable " -b security -G 256K 2>&1"));
+}
+
+static size_t commandOutputSize(const char* command) {
+    logcat_define(ctx);
+    FILE* fp = logcat_popen(ctx, command);
+    if (!fp) return 0;
+
+    std::string ret;
+    if (!android::base::ReadFdToString(fileno(fp), &ret)) return 0;
+    if (logcat_pclose(ctx, fp) != 0) return 0;
+
+    return ret.size();
+}
+
+TEST(logcat, help) {
+    size_t logcatHelpTextSize = commandOutputSize(logcat_executable " -h 2>&1");
+    EXPECT_LT(4096UL, logcatHelpTextSize);
+    size_t logcatLastHelpTextSize =
+        commandOutputSize(logcat_executable " -L -h 2>&1");
+#ifdef USING_LOGCAT_EXECUTABLE_DEFAULT  // logcat and liblogcat
+    EXPECT_EQ(logcatHelpTextSize, logcatLastHelpTextSize);
+#else
+    // logcatd -L -h prints the help twice, as designed.
+    EXPECT_EQ(logcatHelpTextSize * 2, logcatLastHelpTextSize);
+#endif
 }
diff --git a/bootstat/uptime_parser.h b/logcat/tests/logcatd_test.cpp
similarity index 65%
rename from bootstat/uptime_parser.h
rename to logcat/tests/logcatd_test.cpp
index 756ae9b..bb7534e 100644
--- a/bootstat/uptime_parser.h
+++ b/logcat/tests/logcatd_test.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
+ * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -14,16 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef UPTIME_PARSER_H_
-#define UPTIME_PARSER_H_
+#define logcat logcatd
+#define logcat_executable "logcatd"
 
-#include <time.h>
-
-namespace bootstat {
-
-// Returns the number of seconds the system has been on since reboot.
-time_t ParseUptime();
-
-}  // namespace bootstat
-
-#endif  // UPTIME_PARSER_H_
\ No newline at end of file
+#include "logcat_test.cpp"
diff --git a/logd/tests/logd_test.cpp b/logd/tests/logd_test.cpp
index ddff393..d0101ed 100644
--- a/logd/tests/logd_test.cpp
+++ b/logd/tests/logd_test.cpp
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@
                     " BM_log_maximum_retry"
                     " BM_log_maximum"
                     " BM_clock_overhead"
-                    " BM_log_overhead"
+                    " BM_log_print_overhead"
                     " BM_log_latency"
                     " BM_log_delay",
                     "r")));
@@ -434,13 +434,13 @@
     char buffer[5120];
 
     static const char* benchmarks[] = {
-        "BM_log_maximum_retry ", "BM_log_maximum ", "BM_clock_overhead ",
-        "BM_log_overhead ",      "BM_log_latency ", "BM_log_delay "
+        "BM_log_maximum_retry ",  "BM_log_maximum ", "BM_clock_overhead ",
+        "BM_log_print_overhead ", "BM_log_latency ", "BM_log_delay "
     };
     static const unsigned int log_maximum_retry = 0;
     static const unsigned int log_maximum = 1;
     static const unsigned int clock_overhead = 2;
-    static const unsigned int log_overhead = 3;
+    static const unsigned int log_print_overhead = 3;
     static const unsigned int log_latency = 4;
     static const unsigned int log_delay = 5;
 
@@ -469,21 +469,23 @@
     }
 
     EXPECT_GE(200000UL, ns[log_maximum_retry]);  // 104734 user
+    EXPECT_NE(0UL, ns[log_maximum_retry]);       // failure to parse
 
     EXPECT_GE(90000UL, ns[log_maximum]);  // 46913 user
+    EXPECT_NE(0UL, ns[log_maximum]);      // failure to parse
 
     EXPECT_GE(4096UL, ns[clock_overhead]);  // 4095
+    EXPECT_NE(0UL, ns[clock_overhead]);     // failure to parse
 
-    EXPECT_GE(250000UL, ns[log_overhead]);  // 126886 user
+    EXPECT_GE(250000UL, ns[log_print_overhead]);  // 126886 user
+    EXPECT_NE(0UL, ns[log_print_overhead]);       // failure to parse
 
     EXPECT_GE(10000000UL,
               ns[log_latency]);  // 1453559 user space (background cgroup)
+    EXPECT_NE(0UL, ns[log_latency]);  // failure to parse
 
     EXPECT_GE(20000000UL, ns[log_delay]);  // 10500289 user
-
-    for (unsigned i = 0; i < arraysize(ns); ++i) {
-        EXPECT_NE(0UL, ns[i]);
-    }
+    EXPECT_NE(0UL, ns[log_delay]);         // failure to parse
 
     alloc_statistics(&buf, &len);
 
diff --git a/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp b/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81cf315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+phony {
+    name: "shell_and_utilities",
+    required: [
+        "bzip2",
+        "grep",
+        "gzip",
+        "mkshrc",
+        "reboot",
+        "sh",
+        "toolbox",
+        "toybox",
+    ],
+}