diff --git a/fastboot/Android.bp b/fastboot/Android.bp
index c0445f3..774af28 100644
--- a/fastboot/Android.bp
+++ b/fastboot/Android.bp
@@ -190,7 +190,6 @@
 
     static_libs: [
         "android.hardware.health-translate-ndk",
-        "libc++fs",
         "libhealthhalutils",
         "libhealthshim",
         "libfastbootshim",
@@ -416,7 +415,6 @@
     srcs: ["vendor_boot_img_utils_test.cpp"],
     static_libs: [
         "libbase",
-        "libc++fs",
         "libfastboot",
         "libgmock",
         "liblog",
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/Android.bp
index 402eb82..39b5b76 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/Android.bp
@@ -126,7 +126,6 @@
         "libprotobuf-cpp-lite",
     ],
     static_libs: [
-        "libc++fs",
         "libsnapshot_cow",
     ],
 }
@@ -269,7 +268,6 @@
         "android.hardware.boot@1.1",
         "android.hardware.boot-V1-ndk",
         "libbrotli",
-        "libc++fs",
         "libfs_mgr_binder",
         "libgflags",
         "libgsi",
@@ -350,7 +348,6 @@
     ],
     static_libs: [
         "libbrotli",
-        "libc++fs",
         "libfstab",
         "libz",
         "update_metadata-protos",
diff --git a/init/Android.bp b/init/Android.bp
index dd1f9aa..57e5a68 100644
--- a/init/Android.bp
+++ b/init/Android.bp
@@ -168,7 +168,6 @@
         "libavb",
         "libavf_cc_flags",
         "libbootloader_message",
-        "libc++fs",
         "libcgrouprc_format",
         "liblmkd_utils",
         "liblz4",
@@ -371,7 +370,6 @@
     ],
 
     static_libs: [
-        "libc++fs",
         "libfs_avb",
         "libavf_cc_flags",
         "libfs_mgr",
@@ -571,6 +569,11 @@
     ],
     export_include_dirs: ["test_utils/include"], // for tests
     header_libs: ["bionic_libc_platform_headers"],
+    product_variables: {
+        shipping_api_level: {
+            cflags: ["-DBUILD_SHIPPING_API_LEVEL=%s"],
+        },
+    },
 }
 
 // Host Verifier
@@ -625,6 +628,11 @@
             enabled: false,
         },
     },
+    product_variables: {
+        shipping_api_level: {
+            cflags: ["-DBUILD_SHIPPING_API_LEVEL=%s"],
+        },
+    },
 }
 
 cc_binary {
diff --git a/init/fuzzer/Android.bp b/init/fuzzer/Android.bp
index 9916246..5823932 100644
--- a/init/fuzzer/Android.bp
+++ b/init/fuzzer/Android.bp
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 cc_defaults {
     name: "libinit_fuzzer_defaults",
     static_libs: [
-        "libc++fs",
         "liblmkd_utils",
         "libmodprobe",
         "libprotobuf-cpp-lite",
diff --git a/init/host_init_stubs.h b/init/host_init_stubs.h
index 753ed6b..2fef9d3 100644
--- a/init/host_init_stubs.h
+++ b/init/host_init_stubs.h
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #define __ANDROID_API_S__ 31
 #define __ANDROID_API_T__ 33
 #define __ANDROID_API_U__ 34
+#define __ANDROID_API_V__ 35
 
 // sys/system_properties.h
 #define PROP_VALUE_MAX 92
diff --git a/init/service_parser.cpp b/init/service_parser.cpp
index de902e6..6781c70 100644
--- a/init/service_parser.cpp
+++ b/init/service_parser.cpp
@@ -52,6 +52,18 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
+#ifdef INIT_FULL_SOURCES
+// on full sources, we have better information on device to
+// make this decision
+constexpr bool kAlwaysErrorUserRoot = false;
+#else
+constexpr uint64_t kBuildShippingApiLevel = BUILD_SHIPPING_API_LEVEL + 0 /* +0 if empty */;
+// on partial sources, the host build, we don't have the specific
+// vendor API level, but we can enforce things based on the
+// shipping API level.
+constexpr bool kAlwaysErrorUserRoot = kBuildShippingApiLevel > __ANDROID_API_V__;
+#endif
+
 Result<void> ServiceParser::ParseCapabilities(std::vector<std::string>&& args) {
     service_->capabilities_ = 0;
 
@@ -680,7 +692,8 @@
     }
 
     if (service_->proc_attr_.parsed_uid == std::nullopt) {
-        if (android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.vendor.api_level", 0) > 202404) {
+        if (kAlwaysErrorUserRoot ||
+            android::base::GetIntProperty("ro.vendor.api_level", 0) > 202404) {
             return Error() << "No user specified for service '" << service_->name()
                            << "', so it would have been root.";
         } else {
diff --git a/rootdir/Android.mk b/rootdir/Android.mk
index 06e8730..4c1f2e4 100644
--- a/rootdir/Android.mk
+++ b/rootdir/Android.mk
@@ -72,9 +72,9 @@
 EXPORT_GLOBAL_CLANG_COVERAGE_OPTIONS :=
 ifeq ($(CLANG_COVERAGE),true)
   ifeq ($(CLANG_COVERAGE_CONTINUOUS_MODE),true)
-    EXPORT_GLOBAL_CLANG_COVERAGE_OPTIONS := export LLVM_PROFILE_FILE /data/local/tmp/clang%c-%20m.profraw
+    EXPORT_GLOBAL_CLANG_COVERAGE_OPTIONS := export LLVM_PROFILE_FILE /data/misc/trace/clang%c-%20m.profraw
   else
-    EXPORT_GLOBAL_CLANG_COVERAGE_OPTIONS := export LLVM_PROFILE_FILE /data/local/tmp/clang-%20m.profraw
+    EXPORT_GLOBAL_CLANG_COVERAGE_OPTIONS := export LLVM_PROFILE_FILE /data/misc/trace/clang-%20m.profraw
   endif
 endif