diff --git a/init/Android.bp b/init/Android.bp
index 7dfb828..285a6a4 100644
--- a/init/Android.bp
+++ b/init/Android.bp
@@ -128,7 +128,6 @@
         "persistent_properties.cpp",
         "persistent_properties.proto",
         "property_service.cpp",
-        "property_service.proto",
         "property_type.cpp",
         "reboot.cpp",
         "reboot_utils.cpp",
diff --git a/init/builtins.cpp b/init/builtins.cpp
index 3573e34..e17e899 100644
--- a/init/builtins.cpp
+++ b/init/builtins.cpp
@@ -80,7 +80,6 @@
 using namespace std::literals::string_literals;
 
 using android::base::Basename;
-using android::base::StartsWith;
 using android::base::unique_fd;
 using android::fs_mgr::Fstab;
 using android::fs_mgr::ReadFstabFromFile;
@@ -688,15 +687,6 @@
 }
 
 static Result<void> do_setprop(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
-    if (StartsWith(args[1], "ctl.")) {
-        return Error() << "InitPropertySet: Do not set ctl. properties from init; call the Service "
-                          "functions directly";
-    }
-    if (args[1] == kRestoreconProperty) {
-        return Error() << "InitPropertySet: Do not set '" << kRestoreconProperty
-                       << "' from init; use the restorecon builtin directly";
-    }
-
     property_set(args[1], args[2]);
     return {};
 }
diff --git a/init/init.cpp b/init/init.cpp
index e5d1036..18fb0c3 100644
--- a/init/init.cpp
+++ b/init/init.cpp
@@ -28,9 +28,6 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
-#define _REALLY_INCLUDE_SYS__SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_H_
-#include <sys/_system_properties.h>
-
 #include <functional>
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
@@ -64,7 +61,6 @@
 #include "mount_handler.h"
 #include "mount_namespace.h"
 #include "property_service.h"
-#include "proto_utils.h"
 #include "reboot.h"
 #include "reboot_utils.h"
 #include "security.h"
@@ -73,7 +69,6 @@
 #include "service.h"
 #include "service_parser.h"
 #include "sigchld_handler.h"
-#include "system/core/init/property_service.pb.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
@@ -95,7 +90,6 @@
 static char qemu[32];
 
 static int signal_fd = -1;
-static int property_fd = -1;
 
 static std::unique_ptr<Timer> waiting_for_prop(nullptr);
 static std::string wait_prop_name;
@@ -619,44 +613,6 @@
                                 selinux_start_time_ns));
 }
 
-static void HandlePropertyFd() {
-    auto message = ReadMessage(property_fd);
-    if (!message) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not read message from property service: " << message.error();
-        return;
-    }
-
-    auto property_message = PropertyMessage{};
-    if (!property_message.ParseFromString(*message)) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not parse message from property service";
-        return;
-    }
-
-    switch (property_message.msg_case()) {
-        case PropertyMessage::kControlMessage: {
-            auto& control_message = property_message.control_message();
-            bool success = HandleControlMessage(control_message.msg(), control_message.name(),
-                                                control_message.pid());
-
-            uint32_t response = success ? PROP_SUCCESS : PROP_ERROR_HANDLE_CONTROL_MESSAGE;
-            if (control_message.has_fd()) {
-                int fd = control_message.fd();
-                TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(send(fd, &response, sizeof(response), 0));
-                close(fd);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-        case PropertyMessage::kChangedMessage: {
-            auto& changed_message = property_message.changed_message();
-            property_changed(changed_message.name(), changed_message.value());
-            break;
-        }
-        default:
-            LOG(ERROR) << "Unknown message type from property service: "
-                       << property_message.msg_case();
-    }
-}
-
 int SecondStageMain(int argc, char** argv) {
     if (REBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC) {
         InstallRebootSignalHandlers();
@@ -728,12 +684,7 @@
     UmountDebugRamdisk();
     fs_mgr_vendor_overlay_mount_all();
     export_oem_lock_status();
-
-    StartPropertyService(&property_fd);
-    if (auto result = epoll.RegisterHandler(property_fd, HandlePropertyFd); !result) {
-        LOG(FATAL) << "Could not register epoll handler for property fd: " << result.error();
-    }
-
+    StartPropertyService(&epoll);
     MountHandler mount_handler(&epoll);
     set_usb_controller();
 
diff --git a/init/init.h b/init/init.h
index 624a3d4..cfc28f1 100644
--- a/init/init.h
+++ b/init/init.h
@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@
 Parser CreateParser(ActionManager& action_manager, ServiceList& service_list);
 Parser CreateServiceOnlyParser(ServiceList& service_list);
 
+bool HandleControlMessage(const std::string& msg, const std::string& arg, pid_t pid);
+
+void property_changed(const std::string& name, const std::string& value);
+
 bool start_waiting_for_property(const char *name, const char *value);
 
 void DumpState();
diff --git a/init/property_service.cpp b/init/property_service.cpp
index c78b81b..3408ff3 100644
--- a/init/property_service.cpp
+++ b/init/property_service.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
 #include <map>
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <optional>
 #include <queue>
 #include <thread>
 #include <vector>
@@ -64,10 +63,8 @@
 #include "init.h"
 #include "persistent_properties.h"
 #include "property_type.h"
-#include "proto_utils.h"
 #include "selinux.h"
 #include "subcontext.h"
-#include "system/core/init/property_service.pb.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 using namespace std::literals;
@@ -79,7 +76,6 @@
 using android::base::StringPrintf;
 using android::base::Timer;
 using android::base::Trim;
-using android::base::unique_fd;
 using android::base::WriteStringToFile;
 using android::properties::BuildTrie;
 using android::properties::ParsePropertyInfoFile;
@@ -89,13 +85,18 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
+static constexpr const char kRestoreconProperty[] = "selinux.restorecon_recursive";
+
 static bool persistent_properties_loaded = false;
 
 static int property_set_fd = -1;
-static int init_socket = -1;
 
 static PropertyInfoAreaFile property_info_area;
 
+uint32_t InitPropertySet(const std::string& name, const std::string& value);
+
+uint32_t (*property_set)(const std::string& name, const std::string& value) = InitPropertySet;
+
 void CreateSerializedPropertyInfo();
 
 struct PropertyAuditData {
@@ -163,17 +164,6 @@
     return has_access;
 }
 
-static void SendPropertyChanged(const std::string& name, const std::string& value) {
-    auto property_msg = PropertyMessage{};
-    auto* changed_message = property_msg.mutable_changed_message();
-    changed_message->set_name(name);
-    changed_message->set_value(value);
-
-    if (auto result = SendMessage(init_socket, property_msg); !result) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to send property changed message: " << result.error();
-    }
-}
-
 static uint32_t PropertySet(const std::string& name, const std::string& value, std::string* error) {
     size_t valuelen = value.size();
 
@@ -209,16 +199,7 @@
     if (persistent_properties_loaded && StartsWith(name, "persist.")) {
         WritePersistentProperty(name, value);
     }
-    // If init sets ro.persistent_properties.ready to true, then it has finished writing persistent
-    // properties, and we should write future persistent properties to disk.
-    if (name == "ro.persistent_properties.ready" && value == "true") {
-        persistent_properties_loaded = true;
-    }
-    // If init hasn't started its main loop, then it won't be handling property changed messages
-    // anyway, so there's no need to try to send them.
-    if (init_socket != -1) {
-        SendPropertyChanged(name, value);
-    }
+    property_changed(name, value);
     return PROP_SUCCESS;
 }
 
@@ -258,10 +239,35 @@
     bool thread_started_ = false;
 };
 
+uint32_t InitPropertySet(const std::string& name, const std::string& value) {
+    if (StartsWith(name, "ctl.")) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "InitPropertySet: Do not set ctl. properties from init; call the Service "
+                      "functions directly";
+        return PROP_ERROR_INVALID_NAME;
+    }
+    if (name == kRestoreconProperty) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "InitPropertySet: Do not set '" << kRestoreconProperty
+                   << "' from init; use the restorecon builtin directly";
+        return PROP_ERROR_INVALID_NAME;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t result = 0;
+    ucred cr = {.pid = 1, .uid = 0, .gid = 0};
+    std::string error;
+    result = HandlePropertySet(name, value, kInitContext.c_str(), cr, &error);
+    if (result != PROP_SUCCESS) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Init cannot set '" << name << "' to '" << value << "': " << error;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
 class SocketConnection {
   public:
     SocketConnection(int socket, const ucred& cred) : socket_(socket), cred_(cred) {}
 
+    ~SocketConnection() { close(socket_); }
+
     bool RecvUint32(uint32_t* value, uint32_t* timeout_ms) {
         return RecvFully(value, sizeof(*value), timeout_ms);
     }
@@ -298,9 +304,6 @@
     }
 
     bool SendUint32(uint32_t value) {
-        if (!socket_.ok()) {
-            return false;
-        }
         int result = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(send(socket_, &value, sizeof(value), 0));
         return result == sizeof(value);
     }
@@ -315,9 +318,7 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    int Release() { return socket_.release(); }
-
-    int socket() { return socket_.get(); }
+    int socket() { return socket_; }
 
     const ucred& cred() { return cred_; }
 
@@ -388,34 +389,12 @@
         return bytes_left == 0;
     }
 
-    unique_fd socket_;
+    int socket_;
     ucred cred_;
+
+    DISALLOW_IMPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS(SocketConnection);
 };
 
-static uint32_t SendControlMessage(const std::string& msg, const std::string& name, pid_t pid,
-                                   SocketConnection* socket, std::string* error) {
-    auto property_msg = PropertyMessage{};
-    auto* control_message = property_msg.mutable_control_message();
-    control_message->set_msg(msg);
-    control_message->set_name(name);
-    control_message->set_pid(pid);
-    if (socket != nullptr) {
-        control_message->set_fd(socket->socket());
-    }
-
-    if (auto result = SendMessage(init_socket, property_msg); !result) {
-        *error = "Failed to send control message: " + result.error().message();
-        return PROP_ERROR_HANDLE_CONTROL_MESSAGE;
-    }
-
-    if (socket != nullptr) {
-        // We've successfully sent the fd to init, so release it here.
-        socket->Release();
-    }
-
-    return PROP_SUCCESS;
-}
-
 bool CheckControlPropertyPerms(const std::string& name, const std::string& value,
                                const std::string& source_context, const ucred& cr) {
     // We check the legacy method first but these properties are dontaudit, so we only log an audit
@@ -483,14 +462,15 @@
 
 // This returns one of the enum of PROP_SUCCESS or PROP_ERROR*.
 uint32_t HandlePropertySet(const std::string& name, const std::string& value,
-                           const std::string& source_context, const ucred& cr,
-                           SocketConnection* socket, std::string* error) {
+                           const std::string& source_context, const ucred& cr, std::string* error) {
     if (auto ret = CheckPermissions(name, value, source_context, cr, error); ret != PROP_SUCCESS) {
         return ret;
     }
 
     if (StartsWith(name, "ctl.")) {
-        return SendControlMessage(name.c_str() + 4, value, cr.pid, socket, error);
+        return HandleControlMessage(name.c_str() + 4, value, cr.pid)
+                       ? PROP_SUCCESS
+                       : PROP_ERROR_HANDLE_CONTROL_MESSAGE;
     }
 
     // sys.powerctl is a special property that is used to make the device reboot.  We want to log
@@ -521,20 +501,6 @@
     return PropertySet(name, value, error);
 }
 
-uint32_t InitPropertySet(const std::string& name, const std::string& value) {
-    uint32_t result = 0;
-    ucred cr = {.pid = 1, .uid = 0, .gid = 0};
-    std::string error;
-    result = HandlePropertySet(name, value, kInitContext.c_str(), cr, nullptr, &error);
-    if (result != PROP_SUCCESS) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Init cannot set '" << name << "' to '" << value << "': " << error;
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-uint32_t (*property_set)(const std::string& name, const std::string& value) = InitPropertySet;
-
 static void handle_property_set_fd() {
     static constexpr uint32_t kDefaultSocketTimeout = 2000; /* ms */
 
@@ -583,8 +549,7 @@
 
         const auto& cr = socket.cred();
         std::string error;
-        uint32_t result =
-                HandlePropertySet(prop_name, prop_value, source_context, cr, nullptr, &error);
+        uint32_t result = HandlePropertySet(prop_name, prop_value, source_context, cr, &error);
         if (result != PROP_SUCCESS) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to set property '" << prop_name << "' from uid:" << cr.uid
                        << " gid:" << cr.gid << " pid:" << cr.pid << ": " << error;
@@ -612,12 +577,11 @@
 
         const auto& cr = socket.cred();
         std::string error;
-        uint32_t result = HandlePropertySet(name, value, source_context, cr, &socket, &error);
+        uint32_t result = HandlePropertySet(name, value, source_context, cr, &error);
         if (result != PROP_SUCCESS) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to set property '" << name << "' from uid:" << cr.uid
                        << " gid:" << cr.gid << " pid:" << cr.pid << ": " << error;
         }
-
         socket.SendUint32(result);
         break;
       }
@@ -800,6 +764,7 @@
     for (const auto& persistent_property_record : persistent_properties.properties()) {
         property_set(persistent_property_record.name(), persistent_property_record.value());
     }
+    persistent_properties_loaded = true;
     property_set("ro.persistent_properties.ready", "true");
 }
 
@@ -1020,37 +985,21 @@
     selinux_android_restorecon(kPropertyInfosPath, 0);
 }
 
-static void PropertyServiceThread() {
-    while (true) {
-        handle_property_set_fd();
-    }
-}
-
-void StartPropertyService(int* epoll_socket) {
+void StartPropertyService(Epoll* epoll) {
     property_set("ro.property_service.version", "2");
 
-    int sockets[2];
-    if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_SEQPACKET | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, sockets) != 0) {
-        PLOG(FATAL) << "Failed to socketpair() between property_service and init";
-    }
-    *epoll_socket = sockets[0];
-    init_socket = sockets[1];
-
-    if (auto result = CreateSocket(PROP_SERVICE_NAME, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, false, 0666, 0, 0,
-                                   {})) {
+    if (auto result = CreateSocket(PROP_SERVICE_NAME, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK,
+                                   false, 0666, 0, 0, {})) {
         property_set_fd = *result;
     } else {
-        LOG(FATAL) << "start_property_service socket creation failed: " << result.error();
+        PLOG(FATAL) << "start_property_service socket creation failed: " << result.error();
     }
 
     listen(property_set_fd, 8);
 
-    std::thread{PropertyServiceThread}.detach();
-
-    property_set = [](const std::string& key, const std::string& value) -> uint32_t {
-        android::base::SetProperty(key, value);
-        return 0;
-    };
+    if (auto result = epoll->RegisterHandler(property_set_fd, handle_property_set_fd); !result) {
+        PLOG(FATAL) << result.error();
+    }
 }
 
 }  // namespace init
diff --git a/init/property_service.h b/init/property_service.h
index 2dc92a5..7f9f844 100644
--- a/init/property_service.h
+++ b/init/property_service.h
@@ -25,16 +25,17 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-static constexpr const char kRestoreconProperty[] = "selinux.restorecon_recursive";
-
 bool CanReadProperty(const std::string& source_context, const std::string& name);
 
 extern uint32_t (*property_set)(const std::string& name, const std::string& value);
 
+uint32_t HandlePropertySet(const std::string& name, const std::string& value,
+                           const std::string& source_context, const ucred& cr, std::string* error);
+
 void property_init();
 void property_load_boot_defaults(bool load_debug_prop);
 void load_persist_props();
-void StartPropertyService(int* epoll_socket);
+void StartPropertyService(Epoll* epoll);
 
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/property_service.proto b/init/property_service.proto
deleted file mode 100644
index f711526..0000000
--- a/init/property_service.proto
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-syntax = "proto2";
-option optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME;
-
-message PropertyMessage {
-    message ControlMessage {
-        optional string msg = 1;
-        optional string name = 2;
-        optional int32 pid = 3;
-        optional int32 fd = 4;
-    }
-
-    message ChangedMessage {
-        optional string name = 1;
-        optional string value = 2;
-    }
-
-    oneof msg {
-        ControlMessage control_message = 1;
-        ChangedMessage changed_message = 2;
-    };
-}
diff --git a/init/proto_utils.h b/init/proto_utils.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 93a7d57..0000000
--- a/init/proto_utils.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <sys/socket.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <string>
-
-#include "result.h"
-
-namespace android {
-namespace init {
-
-constexpr size_t kBufferSize = 4096;
-
-inline Result<std::string> ReadMessage(int socket) {
-    char buffer[kBufferSize] = {};
-    auto result = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(recv(socket, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0));
-    if (result == 0) {
-        return Error();
-    } else if (result < 0) {
-        return ErrnoError();
-    }
-    return std::string(buffer, result);
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-Result<void> SendMessage(int socket, const T& message) {
-    std::string message_string;
-    if (!message.SerializeToString(&message_string)) {
-        return Error() << "Unable to serialize message";
-    }
-
-    if (message_string.size() > kBufferSize) {
-        return Error() << "Serialized message too long to send";
-    }
-
-    if (auto result =
-                TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(send(socket, message_string.c_str(), message_string.size(), 0));
-        result != static_cast<long>(message_string.size())) {
-        return ErrnoError() << "send() failed to send message contents";
-    }
-    return {};
-}
-
-}  // namespace init
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/subcontext.cpp b/init/subcontext.cpp
index ec93b58..00f91d8 100644
--- a/init/subcontext.cpp
+++ b/init/subcontext.cpp
@@ -18,17 +18,16 @@
 
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <poll.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <selinux/android.h>
 
 #include "action.h"
 #include "builtins.h"
-#include "proto_utils.h"
 #include "util.h"
 
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
@@ -60,6 +59,45 @@
 
 namespace {
 
+constexpr size_t kBufferSize = 4096;
+
+Result<std::string> ReadMessage(int socket) {
+    char buffer[kBufferSize] = {};
+    auto result = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(recv(socket, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0));
+    if (result == 0) {
+        return Error();
+    } else if (result < 0) {
+        return ErrnoError();
+    }
+    return std::string(buffer, result);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+Result<void> SendMessage(int socket, const T& message) {
+    std::string message_string;
+    if (!message.SerializeToString(&message_string)) {
+        return Error() << "Unable to serialize message";
+    }
+
+    if (message_string.size() > kBufferSize) {
+        return Error() << "Serialized message too long to send";
+    }
+
+    if (auto result =
+            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(send(socket, message_string.c_str(), message_string.size(), 0));
+        result != static_cast<long>(message_string.size())) {
+        return ErrnoError() << "send() failed to send message contents";
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> properties_to_set;
+
+uint32_t SubcontextPropertySet(const std::string& name, const std::string& value) {
+    properties_to_set.emplace_back(name, value);
+    return 0;
+}
+
 class SubcontextProcess {
   public:
     SubcontextProcess(const BuiltinFunctionMap* function_map, std::string context, int init_fd)
@@ -93,6 +131,14 @@
         result = RunBuiltinFunction(map_result->function, args, context_);
     }
 
+    for (const auto& [name, value] : properties_to_set) {
+        auto property = reply->add_properties_to_set();
+        property->set_name(name);
+        property->set_value(value);
+    }
+
+    properties_to_set.clear();
+
     if (result) {
         reply->set_success(true);
     } else {
@@ -178,10 +224,7 @@
 
     SelabelInitialize();
 
-    property_set = [](const std::string& key, const std::string& value) -> uint32_t {
-        android::base::SetProperty(key, value);
-        return 0;
-    };
+    property_set = SubcontextPropertySet;
 
     auto subcontext_process = SubcontextProcess(function_map, context, init_fd);
     subcontext_process.MainLoop();
@@ -268,6 +311,15 @@
         return subcontext_reply.error();
     }
 
+    for (const auto& property : subcontext_reply->properties_to_set()) {
+        ucred cr = {.pid = pid_, .uid = 0, .gid = 0};
+        std::string error;
+        if (HandlePropertySet(property.name(), property.value(), context_, cr, &error) != 0) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "Subcontext init could not set '" << property.name() << "' to '"
+                       << property.value() << "': " << error;
+        }
+    }
+
     if (subcontext_reply->reply_case() == SubcontextReply::kFailure) {
         auto& failure = subcontext_reply->failure();
         return ResultError(failure.error_string(), failure.error_errno());
diff --git a/init/subcontext.proto b/init/subcontext.proto
index e68115e..c31f4fb 100644
--- a/init/subcontext.proto
+++ b/init/subcontext.proto
@@ -38,4 +38,10 @@
         Failure failure = 2;
         ExpandArgsReply expand_args_reply = 3;
     }
+
+    message PropertyToSet {
+        optional string name = 1;
+        optional string value = 2;
+    }
+    repeated PropertyToSet properties_to_set = 4;
 }
\ No newline at end of file