diff --git a/adb/adb.cpp b/adb/adb.cpp
index 8a7b9c9..c78076d 100644
--- a/adb/adb.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb.cpp
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@
 // Try to handle a network forwarding request.
 // This returns 1 on success, 0 on failure, and -1 to indicate this is not
 // a forwarding-related request.
-int handle_forward_request(const char* service, transport_type ttype, char* serial, int reply_fd)
+int handle_forward_request(const char* service, TransportType type, char* serial, int reply_fd)
 {
     if (!strcmp(service, "list-forward")) {
         // Create the list of forward redirections.
@@ -757,13 +757,13 @@
         }
 
         std::string error_msg;
-        transport = acquire_one_transport(CS_ANY, ttype, serial, &error_msg);
+        transport = acquire_one_transport(CS_ANY, type, serial, &error_msg);
         if (!transport) {
             SendFail(reply_fd, error_msg);
             return 1;
         }
 
-        install_status_t r;
+        InstallStatus r;
         if (createForward) {
             r = install_listener(local, remote, transport, no_rebind);
         } else {
@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-int handle_host_request(char *service, transport_type ttype, char* serial, int reply_fd, asocket *s)
+int handle_host_request(char *service, TransportType type, char* serial, int reply_fd, asocket *s)
 {
     if(!strcmp(service, "kill")) {
         fprintf(stderr,"adb server killed by remote request\n");
@@ -813,7 +813,7 @@
     // "transport-local:" is used for switching transport to the only local transport
     // "transport-any:" is used for switching transport to the only transport
     if (!strncmp(service, "transport", strlen("transport"))) {
-        transport_type type = kTransportAny;
+        TransportType type = kTransportAny;
 
         if (!strncmp(service, "transport-usb", strlen("transport-usb"))) {
             type = kTransportUsb;
@@ -890,7 +890,7 @@
 
     if(!strncmp(service,"get-serialno",strlen("get-serialno"))) {
         const char *out = "unknown";
-        transport = acquire_one_transport(CS_ANY, ttype, serial, NULL);
+        transport = acquire_one_transport(CS_ANY, type, serial, NULL);
         if (transport && transport->serial) {
             out = transport->serial;
         }
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@
     }
     if(!strncmp(service,"get-devpath",strlen("get-devpath"))) {
         const char *out = "unknown";
-        transport = acquire_one_transport(CS_ANY, ttype, serial, NULL);
+        transport = acquire_one_transport(CS_ANY, type, serial, NULL);
         if (transport && transport->devpath) {
             out = transport->devpath;
         }
@@ -917,14 +917,14 @@
     }
 
     if(!strncmp(service,"get-state",strlen("get-state"))) {
-        transport = acquire_one_transport(CS_ANY, ttype, serial, NULL);
+        transport = acquire_one_transport(CS_ANY, type, serial, NULL);
         SendOkay(reply_fd);
         SendProtocolString(reply_fd, transport->connection_state_name());
         return 0;
     }
 #endif // ADB_HOST
 
-    int ret = handle_forward_request(service, ttype, serial, reply_fd);
+    int ret = handle_forward_request(service, type, serial, reply_fd);
     if (ret >= 0)
       return ret - 1;
     return -1;
diff --git a/adb/adb.h b/adb/adb.h
index fd9d0e6..5d20165 100644
--- a/adb/adb.h
+++ b/adb/adb.h
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@
 ** object, it's a special value used to indicate that a client wants to
 ** connect to a service implemented within the ADB server itself.
 */
-enum transport_type {
+enum TransportType {
         kTransportUsb,
         kTransportLocal,
         kTransportAny,
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
     unsigned sync_token;
     int connection_state;
     int online;
-    transport_type type;
+    TransportType type;
 
         /* usb handle or socket fd as needed */
     usb_handle *usb;
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@
 int       create_jdwp_connection_fd(int  jdwp_pid);
 #endif
 
-int handle_forward_request(const char* service, transport_type ttype, char* serial, int reply_fd);
+int handle_forward_request(const char* service, TransportType type, char* serial, int reply_fd);
 
 #if !ADB_HOST
 void framebuffer_service(int fd, void *cookie);
@@ -353,11 +353,6 @@
 extern int HOST;
 extern int SHELL_EXIT_NOTIFY_FD;
 
-enum subproc_mode {
-    SUBPROC_PTY = 0,
-    SUBPROC_RAW = 1,
-} ;
-
 #define CHUNK_SIZE (64*1024)
 
 #if !ADB_HOST
@@ -371,7 +366,7 @@
 #define USB_FFS_ADB_IN    USB_FFS_ADB_EP(ep2)
 #endif
 
-int handle_host_request(char *service, transport_type ttype, char* serial, int reply_fd, asocket *s);
+int handle_host_request(char *service, TransportType type, char* serial, int reply_fd, asocket *s);
 
 void handle_online(atransport *t);
 void handle_offline(atransport *t);
diff --git a/adb/adb_client.cpp b/adb/adb_client.cpp
index 7bb8e4a..18e14de 100644
--- a/adb/adb_client.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb_client.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 
 #include "adb_io.h"
 
-static transport_type __adb_transport = kTransportAny;
+static TransportType __adb_transport = kTransportAny;
 static const char* __adb_serial = NULL;
 
 static int __adb_server_port = DEFAULT_ADB_PORT;
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-void adb_set_transport(transport_type type, const char* serial)
+void adb_set_transport(TransportType type, const char* serial)
 {
     __adb_transport = type;
     __adb_serial = serial;
diff --git a/adb/adb_client.h b/adb/adb_client.h
index 96416f5..de5c2db 100644
--- a/adb/adb_client.h
+++ b/adb/adb_client.h
@@ -21,9 +21,8 @@
 // Returns true on success; returns false and fills 'error' on failure.
 bool adb_query(const std::string& service, std::string* result, std::string* error);
 
-/* Set the preferred transport to connect to.
-*/
-void adb_set_transport(transport_type type, const char* serial);
+// Set the preferred transport to connect to.
+void adb_set_transport(TransportType type, const char* serial);
 
 /* Set TCP specifics of the transport to use
 */
diff --git a/adb/adb_listeners.cpp b/adb/adb_listeners.cpp
index 3fc4719..cf193ab 100644
--- a/adb/adb_listeners.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb_listeners.cpp
@@ -160,8 +160,7 @@
     return result;
 }
 
-install_status_t remove_listener(const char *local_name, atransport* transport)
-{
+InstallStatus remove_listener(const char *local_name, atransport* transport) {
     alistener *l;
 
     for (l = listener_list.next; l != &listener_list; l = l->next) {
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-install_status_t install_listener(const std::string& local_name,
+InstallStatus install_listener(const std::string& local_name,
                                   const char *connect_to,
                                   atransport* transport,
                                   int no_rebind)
diff --git a/adb/adb_listeners.h b/adb/adb_listeners.h
index 67168ae..9a7ded1 100644
--- a/adb/adb_listeners.h
+++ b/adb/adb_listeners.h
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 #include <string>
 
 // error/status codes for install_listener.
-enum install_status_t {
+enum InstallStatus {
   INSTALL_STATUS_OK = 0,
   INSTALL_STATUS_INTERNAL_ERROR = -1,
   INSTALL_STATUS_CANNOT_BIND = -2,
@@ -36,14 +36,14 @@
 void listener_event_func(int _fd, unsigned ev, void *_l);
 void ss_listener_event_func(int _fd, unsigned ev, void *_l);
 
-install_status_t install_listener(const std::string& local_name,
-                                  const char* connect_to,
-                                  atransport* transport,
-                                  int no_rebind);
+InstallStatus install_listener(const std::string& local_name,
+                               const char* connect_to,
+                               atransport* transport,
+                               int no_rebind);
 
 std::string format_listeners();
 
-install_status_t remove_listener(const char* local_name, atransport* transport);
+InstallStatus remove_listener(const char* local_name, atransport* transport);
 void remove_all_listeners(void);
 
 #endif /* __ADB_LISTENERS_H */
diff --git a/adb/commandline.cpp b/adb/commandline.cpp
index f67fdbc..3477246 100644
--- a/adb/commandline.cpp
+++ b/adb/commandline.cpp
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@
 #include "adb_utils.h"
 #include "file_sync_service.h"
 
-static int install_app(transport_type t, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv);
-static int install_multiple_app(transport_type t, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv);
-static int uninstall_app(transport_type t, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv);
+static int install_app(TransportType t, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv);
+static int install_multiple_app(TransportType t, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv);
+static int uninstall_app(TransportType t, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv);
 
 static std::string gProductOutPath;
 extern int gListenAll;
@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@
 }
 
 
-static std::string format_host_command(const char* command, transport_type type, const char* serial) {
+static std::string format_host_command(const char* command, TransportType type, const char* serial) {
     if (serial) {
         return android::base::StringPrintf("host-serial:%s:%s", serial, command);
     }
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@
 #endif /* !defined(_WIN32) */
 }
 
-static bool wait_for_device(const char* service, transport_type t, const char* serial) {
+static bool wait_for_device(const char* service, TransportType t, const char* serial) {
     // Was the caller vague about what they'd like us to wait for?
     // If so, check they weren't more specific in their choice of transport type.
     if (strcmp(service, "wait-for-device") == 0) {
@@ -697,7 +697,7 @@
     return true;
 }
 
-static int send_shell_command(transport_type transport_type, const char* serial,
+static int send_shell_command(TransportType transport_type, const char* serial,
                               const std::string& command) {
     int fd;
     while (true) {
@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@
     return rc;
 }
 
-static int logcat(transport_type transport, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv) {
+static int logcat(TransportType transport, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv) {
     char* log_tags = getenv("ANDROID_LOG_TAGS");
     std::string quoted = escape_arg(log_tags == nullptr ? "" : log_tags);
 
@@ -953,9 +953,7 @@
     int is_daemon = 0;
     int is_server = 0;
     int r;
-    transport_type ttype = kTransportAny;
-    const char* serial = NULL;
-    const char* server_port_str = NULL;
+    TransportType transport_type = kTransportAny;
 
     // If defined, this should be an absolute path to
     // the directory containing all of the various system images
@@ -968,10 +966,10 @@
     }
     // TODO: also try TARGET_PRODUCT/TARGET_DEVICE as a hint
 
-    serial = getenv("ANDROID_SERIAL");
+    const char* serial = getenv("ANDROID_SERIAL");
 
     /* Validate and assign the server port */
-    server_port_str = getenv("ANDROID_ADB_SERVER_PORT");
+    const char* server_port_str = getenv("ANDROID_ADB_SERVER_PORT");
     int server_port = DEFAULT_ADB_PORT;
     if (server_port_str && strlen(server_port_str) > 0) {
         server_port = (int) strtol(server_port_str, NULL, 0);
@@ -1017,9 +1015,9 @@
                 argv++;
             }
         } else if (!strcmp(argv[0],"-d")) {
-            ttype = kTransportUsb;
+            transport_type = kTransportUsb;
         } else if (!strcmp(argv[0],"-e")) {
-            ttype = kTransportLocal;
+            transport_type = kTransportLocal;
         } else if (!strcmp(argv[0],"-a")) {
             gListenAll = 1;
         } else if (!strncmp(argv[0], "-H", 2)) {
@@ -1064,7 +1062,7 @@
         argv++;
     }
 
-    adb_set_transport(ttype, serial);
+    adb_set_transport(transport_type, serial);
     adb_set_tcp_specifics(server_port);
 
     if (is_server) {
@@ -1087,7 +1085,7 @@
     if (!strncmp(argv[0], "wait-for-", strlen("wait-for-"))) {
         const char* service = argv[0];
 
-        if (!wait_for_device(service, ttype, serial)) {
+        if (!wait_for_device(service, transport_type, serial)) {
             return 1;
         }
 
@@ -1256,7 +1254,7 @@
     }
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "bugreport")) {
         if (argc != 1) return usage();
-        return send_shell_command(ttype, serial, "shell:bugreport");
+        return send_shell_command(transport_type, serial, "shell:bugreport");
     }
     /* adb_command() wrapper commands */
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "forward") || !strcmp(argv[0], "reverse")) {
@@ -1297,9 +1295,9 @@
             if (serial) {
                 snprintf(host_prefix, sizeof host_prefix, "host-serial:%s",
                         serial);
-            } else if (ttype == kTransportUsb) {
+            } else if (transport_type == kTransportUsb) {
                 snprintf(host_prefix, sizeof host_prefix, "host-usb");
-            } else if (ttype == kTransportLocal) {
+            } else if (transport_type == kTransportLocal) {
                 snprintf(host_prefix, sizeof host_prefix, "host-local");
             } else {
                 snprintf(host_prefix, sizeof host_prefix, "host");
@@ -1376,15 +1374,15 @@
     }
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "install")) {
         if (argc < 2) return usage();
-        return install_app(ttype, serial, argc, argv);
+        return install_app(transport_type, serial, argc, argv);
     }
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "install-multiple")) {
         if (argc < 2) return usage();
-        return install_multiple_app(ttype, serial, argc, argv);
+        return install_multiple_app(transport_type, serial, argc, argv);
     }
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "uninstall")) {
         if (argc < 2) return usage();
-        return uninstall_app(ttype, serial, argc, argv);
+        return uninstall_app(transport_type, serial, argc, argv);
     }
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0], "sync")) {
         std::string src;
@@ -1436,11 +1434,11 @@
         !strcmp(argv[0],"get-serialno") ||
         !strcmp(argv[0],"get-devpath"))
     {
-        return adb_query_command(format_host_command(argv[0], ttype, serial));
+        return adb_query_command(format_host_command(argv[0], transport_type, serial));
     }
     /* other commands */
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0],"logcat") || !strcmp(argv[0],"lolcat") || !strcmp(argv[0],"longcat")) {
-        return logcat(ttype, serial, argc, argv);
+        return logcat(transport_type, serial, argc, argv);
     }
     else if (!strcmp(argv[0],"ppp")) {
         return ppp(argc, argv);
@@ -1476,9 +1474,7 @@
     return 1;
 }
 
-static int pm_command(transport_type transport, const char* serial,
-                      int argc, const char** argv)
-{
+static int pm_command(TransportType transport, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv) {
     std::string cmd = "shell:pm";
 
     while (argc-- > 0) {
@@ -1488,9 +1484,7 @@
     return send_shell_command(transport, serial, cmd);
 }
 
-static int uninstall_app(transport_type transport, const char* serial, int argc,
-                         const char** argv)
-{
+static int uninstall_app(TransportType transport, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv) {
     /* if the user choose the -k option, we refuse to do it until devices are
        out with the option to uninstall the remaining data somehow (adb/ui) */
     if (argc == 3 && strcmp(argv[1], "-k") == 0)
@@ -1507,8 +1501,7 @@
     return pm_command(transport, serial, argc, argv);
 }
 
-static int delete_file(transport_type transport, const char* serial, char* filename)
-{
+static int delete_file(TransportType transport, const char* serial, char* filename) {
     std::string cmd = "shell:rm -f " + escape_arg(filename);
     return send_shell_command(transport, serial, cmd);
 }
@@ -1524,9 +1517,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-static int install_app(transport_type transport, const char* serial, int argc,
-                       const char** argv)
-{
+static int install_app(TransportType transport, const char* serial, int argc, const char** argv) {
     static const char *const DATA_DEST = "/data/local/tmp/%s";
     static const char *const SD_DEST = "/sdcard/tmp/%s";
     const char* where = DATA_DEST;
@@ -1578,7 +1569,7 @@
     return err;
 }
 
-static int install_multiple_app(transport_type transport, const char* serial, int argc,
+static int install_multiple_app(TransportType transport, const char* serial, int argc,
                                 const char** argv)
 {
     int i;
diff --git a/adb/services.cpp b/adb/services.cpp
index 1847447..7e47729 100644
--- a/adb/services.cpp
+++ b/adb/services.cpp
@@ -378,12 +378,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-static int create_subproc_thread(const char *name, const subproc_mode mode)
-{
-    adb_thread_t t;
-    int ret_fd;
-    pid_t pid = -1;
-
+static int create_subproc_thread(const char *name, bool pty = false) {
     const char *arg0, *arg1;
     if (name == 0 || *name == 0) {
         arg0 = "-"; arg1 = 0;
@@ -391,16 +386,12 @@
         arg0 = "-c"; arg1 = name;
     }
 
-    switch (mode) {
-    case SUBPROC_PTY:
+    pid_t pid = -1;
+    int ret_fd;
+    if (pty) {
         ret_fd = create_subproc_pty(SHELL_COMMAND, arg0, arg1, &pid);
-        break;
-    case SUBPROC_RAW:
+    } else {
         ret_fd = create_subproc_raw(SHELL_COMMAND, arg0, arg1, &pid);
-        break;
-    default:
-        fprintf(stderr, "invalid subproc_mode %d\n", mode);
-        return -1;
     }
     D("create_subproc ret_fd=%d pid=%d\n", ret_fd, pid);
 
@@ -410,6 +401,7 @@
     sti->cookie = (void*) (uintptr_t) pid;
     sti->fd = ret_fd;
 
+    adb_thread_t t;
     if (adb_thread_create(&t, service_bootstrap_func, sti)) {
         free(sti);
         adb_close(ret_fd);
@@ -462,9 +454,9 @@
     } else if (!strncmp(name, "jdwp:", 5)) {
         ret = create_jdwp_connection_fd(atoi(name+5));
     } else if(!HOST && !strncmp(name, "shell:", 6)) {
-        ret = create_subproc_thread(name + 6, SUBPROC_PTY);
+        ret = create_subproc_thread(name + 6, true);
     } else if(!HOST && !strncmp(name, "exec:", 5)) {
-        ret = create_subproc_thread(name + 5, SUBPROC_RAW);
+        ret = create_subproc_thread(name + 5);
     } else if(!strncmp(name, "sync:", 5)) {
         ret = create_service_thread(file_sync_service, NULL);
     } else if(!strncmp(name, "remount:", 8)) {
@@ -479,9 +471,9 @@
         ret = create_service_thread(restart_unroot_service, NULL);
     } else if(!strncmp(name, "backup:", 7)) {
         ret = create_subproc_thread(android::base::StringPrintf("/system/bin/bu backup %s",
-                                                                (name + 7)).c_str(), SUBPROC_RAW);
+                                                                (name + 7)).c_str());
     } else if(!strncmp(name, "restore:", 8)) {
-        ret = create_subproc_thread("/system/bin/bu restore", SUBPROC_RAW);
+        ret = create_subproc_thread("/system/bin/bu restore");
     } else if(!strncmp(name, "tcpip:", 6)) {
         int port;
         if (sscanf(name + 6, "%d", &port) != 1) {
@@ -514,7 +506,7 @@
 
 #if ADB_HOST
 struct state_info {
-    transport_type transport;
+    TransportType transport_type;
     char* serial;
     int state;
 };
@@ -526,7 +518,8 @@
     D("wait_for_state %d\n", sinfo->state);
 
     std::string error_msg = "unknown error";
-    atransport* t = acquire_one_transport(sinfo->state, sinfo->transport, sinfo->serial, &error_msg);
+    atransport* t = acquire_one_transport(sinfo->state, sinfo->transport_type, sinfo->serial,
+                                          &error_msg);
     if (t != 0) {
         SendOkay(fd);
     } else {
@@ -664,13 +657,13 @@
         name += strlen("wait-for-");
 
         if (!strncmp(name, "local", strlen("local"))) {
-            sinfo->transport = kTransportLocal;
+            sinfo->transport_type = kTransportLocal;
             sinfo->state = CS_DEVICE;
         } else if (!strncmp(name, "usb", strlen("usb"))) {
-            sinfo->transport = kTransportUsb;
+            sinfo->transport_type = kTransportUsb;
             sinfo->state = CS_DEVICE;
         } else if (!strncmp(name, "any", strlen("any"))) {
-            sinfo->transport = kTransportAny;
+            sinfo->transport_type = kTransportAny;
             sinfo->state = CS_DEVICE;
         } else {
             free(sinfo);
diff --git a/adb/sockets.cpp b/adb/sockets.cpp
index 32ca17d..62cba6d 100644
--- a/adb/sockets.cpp
+++ b/adb/sockets.cpp
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@
 #if ADB_HOST
     char *service = NULL;
     char* serial = NULL;
-    transport_type ttype = kTransportAny;
+    TransportType type = kTransportAny;
 #endif
 
     D("SS(%d): enqueue %d\n", s->id, p->len);
@@ -748,13 +748,13 @@
             service = serial_end + 1;
         }
     } else if (!strncmp(service, "host-usb:", strlen("host-usb:"))) {
-        ttype = kTransportUsb;
+        type = kTransportUsb;
         service += strlen("host-usb:");
     } else if (!strncmp(service, "host-local:", strlen("host-local:"))) {
-        ttype = kTransportLocal;
+        type = kTransportLocal;
         service += strlen("host-local:");
     } else if (!strncmp(service, "host:", strlen("host:"))) {
-        ttype = kTransportAny;
+        type = kTransportAny;
         service += strlen("host:");
     } else {
         service = NULL;
@@ -768,7 +768,7 @@
             ** the OKAY or FAIL message and all we have to do
             ** is clean up.
             */
-        if(handle_host_request(service, ttype, serial, s->peer->fd, s) == 0) {
+        if(handle_host_request(service, type, serial, s->peer->fd, s) == 0) {
                 /* XXX fail message? */
             D( "SS(%d): handled host service '%s'\n", s->id, service );
             goto fail;
diff --git a/adb/transport.cpp b/adb/transport.cpp
index 5c50c0a..e168b86 100644
--- a/adb/transport.cpp
+++ b/adb/transport.cpp
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@
     return !*to_test;
 }
 
-atransport* acquire_one_transport(int state, transport_type ttype,
+atransport* acquire_one_transport(int state, TransportType type,
                                   const char* serial, std::string* error_out)
 {
     atransport *t;
@@ -773,7 +773,7 @@
                 result = t;
             }
         } else {
-            if (ttype == kTransportUsb && t->type == kTransportUsb) {
+            if (type == kTransportUsb && t->type == kTransportUsb) {
                 if (result) {
                     if (error_out) *error_out = "more than one device";
                     ambiguous = 1;
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@
                     break;
                 }
                 result = t;
-            } else if (ttype == kTransportLocal && t->type == kTransportLocal) {
+            } else if (type == kTransportLocal && t->type == kTransportLocal) {
                 if (result) {
                     if (error_out) *error_out = "more than one emulator";
                     ambiguous = 1;
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@
                     break;
                 }
                 result = t;
-            } else if (ttype == kTransportAny) {
+            } else if (type == kTransportAny) {
                 if (result) {
                     if (error_out) *error_out = "more than one device/emulator";
                     ambiguous = 1;
diff --git a/adb/transport.h b/adb/transport.h
index 5b6fdac..7b799b9 100644
--- a/adb/transport.h
+++ b/adb/transport.h
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
  * If serial is non-NULL then only the device with that serial will be chosen.
  * If no suitable transport is found, error is set.
  */
-atransport* acquire_one_transport(int state, transport_type ttype,
+atransport* acquire_one_transport(int state, TransportType type,
                                   const char* serial, std::string* error_out);
 void add_transport_disconnect(atransport* t, adisconnect* dis);
 void remove_transport_disconnect(atransport* t, adisconnect* dis);