diff --git a/adb/Android.bp b/adb/Android.bp
index 2f9c8fc..170053b 100644
--- a/adb/Android.bp
+++ b/adb/Android.bp
@@ -422,14 +422,6 @@
         "liblog",
     ],
 
-    product_variables: {
-        debuggable: {
-            required: [
-                "remount",
-            ],
-        },
-    },
-
     target: {
         android: {
             srcs: [
@@ -437,7 +429,6 @@
                 "daemon/framebuffer_service.cpp",
                 "daemon/mdns.cpp",
                 "daemon/reboot_service.cpp",
-                "daemon/remount_service.cpp",
                 "daemon/restart_service.cpp",
                 "daemon/set_verity_enable_state_service.cpp",
             ],
diff --git a/adb/daemon/main.cpp b/adb/daemon/main.cpp
index e5a4917..9ebab74 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/main.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/main.cpp
@@ -248,6 +248,12 @@
         prop_port = android::base::GetProperty("persist.adb.tcp.port", "");
     }
 
+#if !defined(__ANDROID__)
+    if (prop_port.empty() && getenv("ADBD_PORT")) {
+        prop_port = getenv("ADBD_PORT");
+    }
+#endif
+
     int port;
     if (sscanf(prop_port.c_str(), "%d", &port) == 1 && port > 0) {
         D("using port=%d", port);
diff --git a/adb/daemon/remount_service.cpp b/adb/daemon/remount_service.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6bd7855..0000000
--- a/adb/daemon/remount_service.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <string>
-
-#include "adb.h"
-#include "adb_io.h"
-#include "adb_unique_fd.h"
-
-static constexpr char kRemountCmd[] = "/system/bin/remount";
-
-static bool do_remount(int fd, const std::string& cmd) {
-    if (getuid() != 0) {
-        WriteFdExactly(fd, "Not running as root. Try \"adb root\" first.\n");
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    auto pid = fork();
-    if (pid < 0) {
-        WriteFdFmt(fd, "Failed to fork to %s: %s\n", kRemountCmd, strerror(errno));
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (pid == 0) {
-        // child side of the fork
-        dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO);
-        dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO);
-        dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO);
-
-        execl(kRemountCmd, kRemountCmd, cmd.empty() ? nullptr : cmd.c_str(), nullptr);
-        const char* msg = "failed to exec remount\n";
-        write(STDERR_FILENO, msg, strlen(msg));
-        _exit(errno);
-    }
-
-    int wstatus = 0;
-    auto ret = waitpid(pid, &wstatus, 0);
-
-    if (ret == -1) {
-        WriteFdFmt(fd, "Failed to wait for %s: %s\n", kRemountCmd, strerror(errno));
-        return false;
-    } else if (ret != pid) {
-        WriteFdFmt(fd, "pid %d and waitpid return %d do not match for %s\n",
-                   static_cast<int>(pid), static_cast<int>(ret), kRemountCmd);
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (WIFSIGNALED(wstatus)) {
-        WriteFdFmt(fd, "%s terminated with signal %s\n", kRemountCmd,
-                   strsignal(WTERMSIG(wstatus)));
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (!WIFEXITED(wstatus)) {
-        WriteFdFmt(fd, "%s stopped with status 0x%x\n", kRemountCmd, wstatus);
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    if (WEXITSTATUS(wstatus)) {
-        WriteFdFmt(fd, "%s exited with status %d\n", kRemountCmd, WEXITSTATUS(wstatus));
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    return true;
-}
-
-void remount_service(unique_fd fd, const std::string& cmd) {
-    do_remount(fd.get(), cmd);
-    // The remount command will print success or failure for us.
-}
diff --git a/adb/daemon/remount_service.h b/adb/daemon/remount_service.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 522a5da..0000000
--- a/adb/daemon/remount_service.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <string>
-
-#include "adb_unique_fd.h"
-
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-void remount_service(unique_fd, const std::string&);
-#endif
diff --git a/adb/daemon/services.cpp b/adb/daemon/services.cpp
index e6f4499..181a8c5 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/services.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/services.cpp
@@ -54,7 +54,6 @@
 #include "daemon/file_sync_service.h"
 #include "daemon/framebuffer_service.h"
 #include "daemon/reboot_service.h"
-#include "daemon/remount_service.h"
 #include "daemon/restart_service.h"
 #include "daemon/set_verity_enable_state_service.h"
 #include "daemon/shell_service.h"
@@ -251,9 +250,9 @@
     if (name.starts_with("framebuffer:")) {
         return create_service_thread("fb", framebuffer_service);
     } else if (android::base::ConsumePrefix(&name, "remount:")) {
-        std::string arg(name);
-        return create_service_thread("remount",
-                                     std::bind(remount_service, std::placeholders::_1, arg));
+        std::string cmd = "/system/bin/remount ";
+        cmd += name;
+        return StartSubprocess(cmd, nullptr, SubprocessType::kRaw, SubprocessProtocol::kNone);
     } else if (android::base::ConsumePrefix(&name, "reboot:")) {
         std::string arg(name);
         return create_service_thread("reboot",
diff --git a/debuggerd/client/debuggerd_client.cpp b/debuggerd/client/debuggerd_client.cpp
index 1a5b435..7e35a2f 100644
--- a/debuggerd/client/debuggerd_client.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/client/debuggerd_client.cpp
@@ -195,7 +195,10 @@
     return false;
   }
 
-  InterceptRequest req = {.pid = pid, .dump_type = dump_type};
+  InterceptRequest req = {
+      .dump_type = dump_type,
+      .pid = pid,
+  };
   if (!set_timeout(sockfd)) {
     PLOG(ERROR) << "libdebugger_client: failed to set timeout";
     return false;
diff --git a/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp b/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp
index c9a193c..99729dc 100644
--- a/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/debuggerd_test.cpp
@@ -101,7 +101,10 @@
     FAIL() << "failed to contact tombstoned: " << strerror(errno);
   }
 
-  InterceptRequest req = {.pid = target_pid, .dump_type = intercept_type};
+  InterceptRequest req = {
+      .dump_type = intercept_type,
+      .pid = target_pid,
+  };
 
   unique_fd output_pipe_write;
   if (!Pipe(output_fd, &output_pipe_write)) {
diff --git a/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_handler.cpp b/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_handler.cpp
index 598ea85..b90ca80 100644
--- a/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_handler.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/handler/debuggerd_handler.cpp
@@ -525,8 +525,8 @@
   log_signal_summary(info);
 
   debugger_thread_info thread_info = {
-      .pseudothread_tid = -1,
       .crashing_tid = __gettid(),
+      .pseudothread_tid = -1,
       .siginfo = info,
       .ucontext = context,
       .abort_msg = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(abort_message),
diff --git a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp
index 88c206f..9dea7ac 100644
--- a/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/libdebuggerd/test/tombstone_test.cpp
@@ -345,9 +345,9 @@
 
 TEST_F(TombstoneTest, dump_thread_info_uid) {
   dump_thread_info(&log_, ThreadInfo{.uid = 1,
-                                     .pid = 2,
                                      .tid = 3,
                                      .thread_name = "some_thread",
+                                     .pid = 2,
                                      .process_name = "some_process"});
   std::string expected = "pid: 2, tid: 3, name: some_thread  >>> some_process <<<\nuid: 1\n";
   ASSERT_STREQ(expected.c_str(), amfd_data_.c_str());
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
index c1a8dae..2ff5243 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
@@ -686,13 +686,14 @@
         if (entries.empty()) {
             FstabEntry entry = {
                     .blk_device = partition,
+                    // .logical_partition_name is required to look up AVB Hashtree descriptors.
+                    .logical_partition_name = "system",
                     .mount_point = mount_point,
                     .fs_type = "ext4",
                     .flags = MS_RDONLY,
                     .fs_options = "barrier=1",
                     .avb_keys = kGsiKeys,
-                    // .logical_partition_name is required to look up AVB Hashtree descriptors.
-                    .logical_partition_name = "system"};
+            };
             entry.fs_mgr_flags.wait = true;
             entry.fs_mgr_flags.logical = true;
             entry.fs_mgr_flags.first_stage_mount = true;
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/libdm/Android.bp
index dd95a5e..3ce909e 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/Android.bp
@@ -79,3 +79,19 @@
     require_root: true,
     test_min_api_level: 29,
 }
+
+cc_fuzz {
+  name: "dm_table_fuzzer",
+  defaults: ["fs_mgr_defaults"],
+  srcs: [
+    "dm_linear_fuzzer.cpp",
+    "test_util.cpp",
+  ],
+  static_libs: [
+        "libdm",
+        "libbase",
+        "libext2_uuid",
+        "libfs_mgr",
+        "liblog",
+  ],
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_linear_fuzzer.cpp b/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_linear_fuzzer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b119635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_linear_fuzzer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+#include <android-base/file.h>
+#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
+#include <libdm/dm_table.h>
+#include <libdm/loop_control.h>
+
+#include "test_util.h"
+
+using namespace android;
+using namespace android::base;
+using namespace android::dm;
+using namespace std;
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+/*
+ * This test aims at making the library crash, so these functions are not
+ * really useful.
+ * Keeping them here for future use.
+ */
+template <class T, class C>
+void ASSERT_EQ(const T& /*a*/, const C& /*b*/) {
+    // if (a != b) {}
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void ASSERT_FALSE(const T& /*a*/) {
+    // if (a) {}
+}
+
+template <class T, class C>
+void ASSERT_GE(const T& /*a*/, const C& /*b*/) {
+    // if (a < b) {}
+}
+
+template <class T, class C>
+void ASSERT_NE(const T& /*a*/, const C& /*b*/) {
+    // if (a == b) {}
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void ASSERT_TRUE(const T& /*a*/) {
+    // if (!a) {}
+}
+
+template <class T, class C>
+void EXPECT_EQ(const T& a, const C& b) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(a, b);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void EXPECT_TRUE(const T& a) {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(a);
+}
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+    uint64_t val[6];
+
+    if (size != sizeof(*val)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    memcpy(&val, &data[0], sizeof(*val));
+
+    unique_fd tmp1(CreateTempFile("file_1", 4096));
+    ASSERT_GE(tmp1, 0);
+    unique_fd tmp2(CreateTempFile("file_2", 4096));
+    ASSERT_GE(tmp2, 0);
+
+    LoopDevice loop_a(tmp1, 10s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(loop_a.valid());
+    LoopDevice loop_b(tmp2, 10s);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(loop_b.valid());
+
+    // Define a 2-sector device, with each sector mapping to the first sector
+    // of one of our loop devices.
+    DmTable table;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(table.Emplace<DmTargetLinear>(val[0], val[1], loop_a.device(), val[2]));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(table.Emplace<DmTargetLinear>(val[3], val[4], loop_b.device(), val[5]));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(table.valid());
+    ASSERT_EQ(2u, table.num_sectors());
+
+    TempDevice dev("libdm-test-dm-linear", table);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(dev.valid());
+    ASSERT_FALSE(dev.path().empty());
+
+    auto& dm = DeviceMapper::Instance();
+
+    dev_t dev_number;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(dm.GetDeviceNumber(dev.name(), &dev_number));
+    ASSERT_NE(dev_number, 0);
+
+    std::string dev_string;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(dm.GetDeviceString(dev.name(), &dev_string));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(dev_string.empty());
+
+    // Test GetTableStatus.
+    vector<DeviceMapper::TargetInfo> targets;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(dm.GetTableStatus(dev.name(), &targets));
+    ASSERT_EQ(targets.size(), 2);
+    EXPECT_EQ(strcmp(targets[0].spec.target_type, "linear"), 0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(targets[0].data.empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(targets[0].spec.sector_start, 0);
+    EXPECT_EQ(targets[0].spec.length, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(strcmp(targets[1].spec.target_type, "linear"), 0);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(targets[1].data.empty());
+    EXPECT_EQ(targets[1].spec.sector_start, 1);
+    EXPECT_EQ(targets[1].spec.length, 1);
+
+    // Test GetTargetType().
+    EXPECT_EQ(DeviceMapper::GetTargetType(targets[0].spec), std::string{"linear"});
+    EXPECT_EQ(DeviceMapper::GetTargetType(targets[1].spec), std::string{"linear"});
+
+    // Normally the TestDevice destructor would delete this, but at least one
+    // test should ensure that device deletion works.
+    ASSERT_TRUE(dev.Destroy());
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_test.cpp
index 39c908d..ed2fa83 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/dm_test.cpp
@@ -47,50 +47,6 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(dm.GetTargetByName("linear", &info));
 }
 
-// Helper to ensure that device mapper devices are released.
-class TempDevice {
-  public:
-    TempDevice(const std::string& name, const DmTable& table)
-        : dm_(DeviceMapper::Instance()), name_(name), valid_(false) {
-        valid_ = dm_.CreateDevice(name, table, &path_, 5s);
-    }
-    TempDevice(TempDevice&& other) noexcept
-        : dm_(other.dm_), name_(other.name_), path_(other.path_), valid_(other.valid_) {
-        other.valid_ = false;
-    }
-    ~TempDevice() {
-        if (valid_) {
-            dm_.DeleteDevice(name_);
-        }
-    }
-    bool Destroy() {
-        if (!valid_) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        valid_ = false;
-        return dm_.DeleteDevice(name_);
-    }
-    std::string path() const { return path_; }
-    const std::string& name() const { return name_; }
-    bool valid() const { return valid_; }
-
-    TempDevice(const TempDevice&) = delete;
-    TempDevice& operator=(const TempDevice&) = delete;
-
-    TempDevice& operator=(TempDevice&& other) noexcept {
-        name_ = other.name_;
-        valid_ = other.valid_;
-        other.valid_ = false;
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-  private:
-    DeviceMapper& dm_;
-    std::string name_;
-    std::string path_;
-    bool valid_;
-};
-
 TEST(libdm, DmLinear) {
     unique_fd tmp1(CreateTempFile("file_1", 4096));
     ASSERT_GE(tmp1, 0);
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/test_util.h b/fs_mgr/libdm/test_util.h
index 96b051c..6671364 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/test_util.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/test_util.h
@@ -20,8 +20,12 @@
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <stddef.h>
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <string>
 
+#include <libdm/dm.h>
+#include <libdm/dm_table.h>
+
 namespace android {
 namespace dm {
 
@@ -29,6 +33,50 @@
 // created with a fixed size.
 android::base::unique_fd CreateTempFile(const std::string& name, size_t size);
 
+// Helper to ensure that device mapper devices are released.
+class TempDevice {
+  public:
+    TempDevice(const std::string& name, const DmTable& table)
+        : dm_(DeviceMapper::Instance()), name_(name), valid_(false) {
+        valid_ = dm_.CreateDevice(name, table, &path_, std::chrono::seconds(5));
+    }
+    TempDevice(TempDevice&& other) noexcept
+        : dm_(other.dm_), name_(other.name_), path_(other.path_), valid_(other.valid_) {
+        other.valid_ = false;
+    }
+    ~TempDevice() {
+        if (valid_) {
+            dm_.DeleteDevice(name_);
+        }
+    }
+    bool Destroy() {
+        if (!valid_) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        valid_ = false;
+        return dm_.DeleteDevice(name_);
+    }
+    std::string path() const { return path_; }
+    const std::string& name() const { return name_; }
+    bool valid() const { return valid_; }
+
+    TempDevice(const TempDevice&) = delete;
+    TempDevice& operator=(const TempDevice&) = delete;
+
+    TempDevice& operator=(TempDevice&& other) noexcept {
+        name_ = other.name_;
+        valid_ = other.valid_;
+        other.valid_ = false;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    DeviceMapper& dm_;
+    std::string name_;
+    std::string path_;
+    bool valid_;
+};
+
 }  // namespace dm
 }  // namespace android
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/avb_util_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/avb_util_test.cpp
index 0d342d3..784eb9c 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/avb_util_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/tests/avb_util_test.cpp
@@ -101,10 +101,10 @@
 TEST_F(AvbUtilTest, DeriveAvbPartitionName) {
     // The fstab_entry to test.
     FstabEntry fstab_entry = {
-        .blk_device = "/dev/block/dm-1",  // a dm-linear device (logical)
-        .mount_point = "/system",
-        .fs_type = "ext4",
-        .logical_partition_name = "system",
+            .blk_device = "/dev/block/dm-1",  // a dm-linear device (logical)
+            .logical_partition_name = "system",
+            .mount_point = "/system",
+            .fs_type = "ext4",
     };
 
     // Logical partitions.
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/builder.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/builder.cpp
index 7405039..54350a5 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/builder.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/builder.cpp
@@ -171,7 +171,8 @@
 std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> MetadataBuilder::NewForUpdate(const IPartitionOpener& opener,
                                                                const std::string& source_partition,
                                                                uint32_t source_slot_number,
-                                                               uint32_t target_slot_number) {
+                                                               uint32_t target_slot_number,
+                                                               bool always_keep_source_slot) {
     auto metadata = ReadMetadata(opener, source_partition, source_slot_number);
     if (!metadata) {
         return nullptr;
@@ -189,7 +190,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    if (IPropertyFetcher::GetInstance()->GetBoolProperty("ro.virtual_ab.enabled", false)) {
+    if (IPropertyFetcher::GetInstance()->GetBoolProperty("ro.virtual_ab.enabled", false) &&
+        !always_keep_source_slot) {
         if (!UpdateMetadataForInPlaceSnapshot(metadata.get(), source_slot_number,
                                               target_slot_number)) {
             return nullptr;
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/builder.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/builder.h
index b43ccf0..1e9d636 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/builder.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/builder.h
@@ -209,10 +209,13 @@
     // metadata may not have the target slot's devices listed yet, in which
     // case, it is automatically upgraded to include all available block
     // devices.
+    // If |always_keep_source_slot| is set, on a Virtual A/B device, source slot
+    // partitions are kept. This is useful when applying a downgrade package.
     static std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> NewForUpdate(const IPartitionOpener& opener,
                                                          const std::string& source_partition,
                                                          uint32_t source_slot_number,
-                                                         uint32_t target_slot_number);
+                                                         uint32_t target_slot_number,
+                                                         bool always_keep_source_slot = false);
 
     // Import an existing table for modification. If the table is not valid, for
     // example it contains duplicate partition names, then nullptr is returned.
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/dm_snapshot_internals.h b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/dm_snapshot_internals.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4903de1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/dm_snapshot_internals.h
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace android {
+namespace snapshot {
+
+class DmSnapCowSizeCalculator {
+  public:
+    DmSnapCowSizeCalculator(unsigned int sector_bytes, unsigned int chunk_sectors)
+        : sector_bytes_(sector_bytes),
+          chunk_sectors_(chunk_sectors),
+          exceptions_per_chunk(chunk_sectors_ * sector_bytes_ / (64 * 2 / 8)) {}
+
+    void WriteByte(uint64_t address) { WriteSector(address / sector_bytes_); }
+    void WriteSector(uint64_t sector) { WriteChunk(sector / chunk_sectors_); }
+    void WriteChunk(uint64_t chunk_id) {
+        if (modified_chunks_.size() <= chunk_id) {
+            modified_chunks_.resize(chunk_id + 1, false);
+        }
+        modified_chunks_[chunk_id] = true;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t cow_size_bytes() const { return cow_size_sectors() * sector_bytes_; }
+    uint64_t cow_size_sectors() const { return cow_size_chunks() * chunk_sectors_; }
+
+    /*
+     * The COW device has a precise internal structure as follows:
+     *
+     * - header (1 chunk)
+     * - #0 map and chunks
+     *   - map (1 chunk)
+     *   - chunks addressable by previous map (exceptions_per_chunk)
+     * - #1 map and chunks
+     *   - map (1 chunk)
+     *   - chunks addressable by previous map (exceptions_per_chunk)
+     * ...
+     * - #n: map and chunks
+     *   - map (1 chunk)
+     *   - chunks addressable by previous map (exceptions_per_chunk)
+     * - 1 extra chunk
+     */
+    uint64_t cow_size_chunks() const {
+        uint64_t modified_chunks_count = 0;
+        uint64_t cow_chunks = 0;
+
+        for (const auto& c : modified_chunks_) {
+            if (c) {
+                ++modified_chunks_count;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* disk header + padding = 1 chunk */
+        cow_chunks += 1;
+
+        /* snapshot modified chunks */
+        cow_chunks += modified_chunks_count;
+
+        /* snapshot chunks index metadata */
+        cow_chunks += 1 + modified_chunks_count / exceptions_per_chunk;
+
+        return cow_chunks;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    /*
+     * Size of each sector in bytes.
+     */
+    const uint64_t sector_bytes_;
+
+    /*
+     * Size of each chunk in sectors.
+     */
+    const uint64_t chunk_sectors_;
+
+    /*
+     * The COW device stores tables to map the modified chunks. Each table
+     * has the size of exactly 1 chunk.
+     * Each row of the table (also called exception in the kernel) contains two
+     * 64 bit indices to identify the corresponding chunk, and this 128 bit row
+     * size is a constant.
+     * The number of exceptions that each table can contain determines the
+     * number of data chunks that separate two consecutive tables. This value
+     * is then fundamental to compute the space overhead introduced by the
+     * tables in COW devices.
+     */
+    const uint64_t exceptions_per_chunk;
+
+    /*
+     * |modified_chunks_| is a container that keeps trace of the modified
+     * chunks.
+     * Multiple options were considered when choosing the most appropriate data
+     * structure for this container. Here follows a summary of why vector<bool>
+     * has been chosen, taking as a reference a snapshot partition of 4 GiB and
+     * chunk size of 4 KiB.
+     * - std::set<uint64_t> is very space-efficient for a small number of
+     *   operations, but if the whole snapshot is changed, it would need to
+     *   store
+     *     4 GiB / 4 KiB * (64 bit / 8) = 8 MiB
+     *   just for the data, plus the additional data overhead for the red-black
+     *   tree used for data sorting (if each rb-tree element stores 3 address
+     *   and the word-aligne color, the total size grows to 32 MiB).
+     * - std::bitset<N> is not a good fit because requires a priori knowledge,
+     *   at compile time, of the bitset size.
+     * - std::vector<bool> is a special case of vector, which uses a data
+     *   compression that allows reducing the space utilization of each element
+     *   to 1 bit. In detail, this data structure is composed of a resizable
+     *   array of words, each of them representing a bitmap. On a 64 bit
+     *   device, modifying the whole 4 GiB snapshot grows this container up to
+     *     4 * GiB / 4 KiB / 64 = 64 KiB
+     *   that, even if is the same space requirement to change a single byte at
+     *   the highest address of the snapshot, is a very affordable space
+     *   requirement.
+     */
+    std::vector<bool> modified_chunks_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace snapshot
+}  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/partition_cow_creator_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/partition_cow_creator_test.cpp
index feb3c2d..f683f5b 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/partition_cow_creator_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/partition_cow_creator_test.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <liblp/builder.h>
 #include <liblp/property_fetcher.h>
 
+#include "dm_snapshot_internals.h"
 #include "partition_cow_creator.h"
 #include "test_helpers.h"
 
@@ -32,17 +33,20 @@
 };
 
 TEST_F(PartitionCowCreatorTest, IntersectSelf) {
-    auto builder_a = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
+    constexpr uint64_t initial_size = 1_MiB;
+    constexpr uint64_t final_size = 40_KiB;
+
+    auto builder_a = MetadataBuilder::New(initial_size, 1_KiB, 2);
     ASSERT_NE(builder_a, nullptr);
     auto system_a = builder_a->AddPartition("system_a", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
     ASSERT_NE(system_a, nullptr);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(builder_a->ResizePartition(system_a, 40 * 1024));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder_a->ResizePartition(system_a, final_size));
 
-    auto builder_b = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
+    auto builder_b = MetadataBuilder::New(initial_size, 1_KiB, 2);
     ASSERT_NE(builder_b, nullptr);
     auto system_b = builder_b->AddPartition("system_b", LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
     ASSERT_NE(system_b, nullptr);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(builder_b->ResizePartition(system_b, 40 * 1024));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder_b->ResizePartition(system_b, final_size));
 
     PartitionCowCreator creator{.target_metadata = builder_b.get(),
                                 .target_suffix = "_b",
@@ -51,8 +55,8 @@
                                 .current_suffix = "_a"};
     auto ret = creator.Run();
     ASSERT_TRUE(ret.has_value());
-    ASSERT_EQ(40 * 1024, ret->snapshot_status.device_size());
-    ASSERT_EQ(40 * 1024, ret->snapshot_status.snapshot_size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(final_size, ret->snapshot_status.device_size());
+    ASSERT_EQ(final_size, ret->snapshot_status.snapshot_size());
 }
 
 TEST_F(PartitionCowCreatorTest, Holes) {
@@ -64,7 +68,7 @@
 
     BlockDeviceInfo super_device("super", kSuperSize, 0, 0, 4_KiB);
     std::vector<BlockDeviceInfo> devices = {super_device};
-    auto source = MetadataBuilder::New(devices, "super", 1024, 2);
+    auto source = MetadataBuilder::New(devices, "super", 1_KiB, 2);
     auto system = source->AddPartition("system_a", 0);
     ASSERT_NE(nullptr, system);
     ASSERT_TRUE(source->ResizePartition(system, big_size));
@@ -96,5 +100,31 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(ret.has_value());
 }
 
+TEST(DmSnapshotInternals, CowSizeCalculator) {
+    DmSnapCowSizeCalculator cc(512, 8);
+    unsigned long int b;
+
+    // Empty COW
+    ASSERT_EQ(cc.cow_size_sectors(), 16);
+
+    // First chunk written
+    for (b = 0; b < 4_KiB; ++b) {
+        cc.WriteByte(b);
+        ASSERT_EQ(cc.cow_size_sectors(), 24);
+    }
+
+    // Second chunk written
+    for (b = 4_KiB; b < 8_KiB; ++b) {
+        cc.WriteByte(b);
+        ASSERT_EQ(cc.cow_size_sectors(), 32);
+    }
+
+    // Leave a hole and write 5th chunk
+    for (b = 16_KiB; b < 20_KiB; ++b) {
+        cc.WriteByte(b);
+        ASSERT_EQ(cc.cow_size_sectors(), 40);
+    }
+}
+
 }  // namespace snapshot
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot.cpp b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot.cpp
index 5b758c9..395fb40 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot.cpp
@@ -71,8 +71,6 @@
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 using namespace std::string_literals;
 
-// Unit is sectors, this is a 4K chunk.
-static constexpr uint32_t kSnapshotChunkSize = 8;
 static constexpr char kBootIndicatorPath[] = "/metadata/ota/snapshot-boot";
 
 class DeviceInfo final : public SnapshotManager::IDeviceInfo {
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot_test.cpp
index fd7754e..aea12be 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/snapshot_test.cpp
@@ -203,9 +203,9 @@
                     .block_device = fake_super,
                     .metadata = metadata.get(),
                     .partition = &partition,
-                    .device_name = GetPartitionName(partition) + "-base",
                     .force_writable = true,
                     .timeout_ms = 10s,
+                    .device_name = GetPartitionName(partition) + "-base",
             };
             std::string ignore_path;
             if (!CreateLogicalPartition(params, &ignore_path)) {
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/test_helpers.cpp b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/test_helpers.cpp
index 1a6a593..539c5c5 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/test_helpers.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/test_helpers.cpp
@@ -92,21 +92,14 @@
 }
 
 std::optional<std::string> GetHash(const std::string& path) {
-    unique_fd fd(open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY));
-    char buf[4096];
+    std::string content;
+    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString(path, &content, true)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Cannot access " << path;
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
     SHA256_CTX ctx;
     SHA256_Init(&ctx);
-    while (true) {
-        ssize_t n = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd.get(), buf, sizeof(buf)));
-        if (n < 0) {
-            PLOG(ERROR) << "Cannot read " << path;
-            return std::nullopt;
-        }
-        if (n == 0) {
-            break;
-        }
-        SHA256_Update(&ctx, buf, n);
-    }
+    SHA256_Update(&ctx, content.c_str(), content.size());
     uint8_t out[32];
     SHA256_Final(out, &ctx);
     return ToHexString(out, sizeof(out));
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/utility.h b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/utility.h
index 75c694c..3051184 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/utility.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/utility.h
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace snapshot {
 
+// Unit is sectors, this is a 4K chunk.
+static constexpr uint32_t kSnapshotChunkSize = 8;
+
 struct AutoDevice {
     virtual ~AutoDevice(){};
     void Release();
diff --git a/init/action_parser.cpp b/init/action_parser.cpp
index 9736824..a8e1e09 100644
--- a/init/action_parser.cpp
+++ b/init/action_parser.cpp
@@ -16,11 +16,14 @@
 
 #include "action_parser.h"
 
+#include <ctype.h>
+
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
 #include "property_service.h"
+#include "selinux.h"
 #else
 #include "host_init_stubs.h"
 #endif
@@ -77,6 +80,17 @@
     return {};
 }
 
+Result<void> ValidateEventTrigger(const std::string& event_trigger) {
+    if (SelinuxGetVendorAndroidVersion() >= __ANDROID_API_R__) {
+        for (const char& c : event_trigger) {
+            if (c != '_' && c != '-' && !std::isalnum(c)) {
+                return Error() << "Illegal character '" << c << "' in '" << event_trigger << "'";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
 Result<void> ParseTriggers(const std::vector<std::string>& args, Subcontext* subcontext,
                            std::string* event_trigger,
                            std::map<std::string, std::string>* property_triggers) {
@@ -103,6 +117,9 @@
             if (!event_trigger->empty()) {
                 return Error() << "multiple event triggers are not allowed";
             }
+            if (auto result = ValidateEventTrigger(args[i]); !result) {
+                return result;
+            }
 
             *event_trigger = args[i];
         }
diff --git a/init/builtins.cpp b/init/builtins.cpp
index 42211b2..2f2ead0 100644
--- a/init/builtins.cpp
+++ b/init/builtins.cpp
@@ -138,7 +138,14 @@
     if (!write_bootloader_message(options, &err)) {
         return Error() << "Failed to set bootloader message: " << err;
     }
-    property_set("sys.powerctl", "reboot,recovery");
+    // This function should only be reached from init and not from vendor_init, and we want to
+    // immediately trigger reboot instead of relaying through property_service.  Older devices may
+    // still have paths that reach here from vendor_init, so we keep the property_set as a fallback.
+    if (getpid() == 1) {
+        TriggerShutdown("reboot,recovery");
+    } else {
+        property_set("sys.powerctl", "reboot,recovery");
+    }
     return {};
 }
 
diff --git a/init/host_init_stubs.h b/init/host_init_stubs.h
index e3068b2..5dd5cf1 100644
--- a/init/host_init_stubs.h
+++ b/init/host_init_stubs.h
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 namespace init {
 
 // init.h
-inline void EnterShutdown(const std::string&) {
+inline void TriggerShutdown(const std::string&) {
     abort();
 }
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 
 // reboot_utils.h
 inline void SetFatalRebootTarget() {}
-inline void __attribute__((noreturn)) InitFatalReboot() {
+inline void __attribute__((noreturn)) InitFatalReboot(int signal_number) {
     abort();
 }
 
diff --git a/init/init.cpp b/init/init.cpp
index ad31fa0..f775d8f 100644
--- a/init/init.cpp
+++ b/init/init.cpp
@@ -98,7 +98,6 @@
 static std::unique_ptr<Timer> waiting_for_prop(nullptr);
 static std::string wait_prop_name;
 static std::string wait_prop_value;
-static bool shutting_down;
 static std::string shutdown_command;
 static bool do_shutdown = false;
 static bool load_debug_prop = false;
@@ -180,7 +179,7 @@
     waiting_for_prop.reset();
 }
 
-void EnterShutdown(const std::string& command) {
+void TriggerShutdown(const std::string& command) {
     // We can't call HandlePowerctlMessage() directly in this function,
     // because it modifies the contents of the action queue, which can cause the action queue
     // to get into a bad state if this function is called from a command being executed by the
@@ -198,7 +197,7 @@
     // In non-thermal-shutdown case, 'shutdown' trigger will be fired to let device specific
     // commands to be executed.
     if (name == "sys.powerctl") {
-        EnterShutdown(value);
+        TriggerShutdown(value);
     }
 
     if (property_triggers_enabled) ActionManager::GetInstance().QueuePropertyChange(name, value);
@@ -624,7 +623,15 @@
     auto init_message = InitMessage{};
     init_message.set_stop_sending_messages(true);
     if (auto result = SendMessage(property_fd, init_message); !result) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to send load persistent properties message: " << result.error();
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to send 'stop sending messages' message: " << result.error();
+    }
+}
+
+void SendStartSendingMessagesMessage() {
+    auto init_message = InitMessage{};
+    init_message.set_start_sending_messages(true);
+    if (auto result = SendMessage(property_fd, init_message); !result) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to send 'start sending messages' message: " << result.error();
     }
 }
 
@@ -811,18 +818,16 @@
         // By default, sleep until something happens.
         auto epoll_timeout = std::optional<std::chrono::milliseconds>{};
 
-        if (do_shutdown && !shutting_down) {
+        if (do_shutdown && !IsShuttingDown()) {
             do_shutdown = false;
-            if (HandlePowerctlMessage(shutdown_command)) {
-                shutting_down = true;
-            }
+            HandlePowerctlMessage(shutdown_command);
         }
 
         if (!(waiting_for_prop || Service::is_exec_service_running())) {
             am.ExecuteOneCommand();
         }
         if (!(waiting_for_prop || Service::is_exec_service_running())) {
-            if (!shutting_down) {
+            if (!IsShuttingDown()) {
                 auto next_process_action_time = HandleProcessActions();
 
                 // If there's a process that needs restarting, wake up in time for that.
diff --git a/init/init.h b/init/init.h
index 61fb110..d884a94 100644
--- a/init/init.h
+++ b/init/init.h
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 Parser CreateParser(ActionManager& action_manager, ServiceList& service_list);
 Parser CreateServiceOnlyParser(ServiceList& service_list);
 
-void EnterShutdown(const std::string& command);
+void TriggerShutdown(const std::string& command);
 
 bool start_waiting_for_property(const char *name, const char *value);
 
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 
 void SendLoadPersistentPropertiesMessage();
 void SendStopSendingMessagesMessage();
+void SendStartSendingMessagesMessage();
 
 int SecondStageMain(int argc, char** argv);
 
diff --git a/init/init_test.cpp b/init/init_test.cpp
index 315d584..9f63e4f 100644
--- a/init/init_test.cpp
+++ b/init/init_test.cpp
@@ -93,6 +93,26 @@
     EXPECT_TRUE(expect_true);
 }
 
+TEST(init, WrongEventTrigger) {
+    std::string init_script =
+            R"init(
+on boot:
+pass_test
+)init";
+
+    TemporaryFile tf;
+    ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFd(init_script, tf.fd));
+
+    ActionManager am;
+
+    Parser parser;
+    parser.AddSectionParser("on", std::make_unique<ActionParser>(&am, nullptr));
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(parser.ParseConfig(tf.path));
+    ASSERT_EQ(1u, parser.parse_error_count());
+}
+
 TEST(init, EventTriggerOrder) {
     std::string init_script =
         R"init(
diff --git a/init/property_service.cpp b/init/property_service.cpp
index d7e4021..c6bbc14 100644
--- a/init/property_service.cpp
+++ b/init/property_service.cpp
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@
 
 static int property_set_fd = -1;
 static int init_socket = -1;
+static bool accept_messages = false;
 
 static PropertyInfoAreaFile property_info_area;
 
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@
     }
     // If init hasn't started its main loop, then it won't be handling property changed messages
     // anyway, so there's no need to try to send them.
-    if (init_socket != -1) {
+    if (accept_messages) {
         SendPropertyChanged(name, value);
     }
     return PROP_SUCCESS;
@@ -389,7 +390,7 @@
 
 static uint32_t SendControlMessage(const std::string& msg, const std::string& name, pid_t pid,
                                    SocketConnection* socket, std::string* error) {
-    if (init_socket == -1) {
+    if (!accept_messages) {
         *error = "Received control message after shutdown, ignoring";
         return PROP_ERROR_HANDLE_CONTROL_MESSAGE;
     }
@@ -1035,7 +1036,11 @@
             break;
         }
         case InitMessage::kStopSendingMessages: {
-            init_socket = -1;
+            accept_messages = false;
+            break;
+        }
+        case InitMessage::kStartSendingMessages: {
+            accept_messages = true;
             break;
         }
         default:
@@ -1078,6 +1083,7 @@
     }
     *epoll_socket = sockets[0];
     init_socket = sockets[1];
+    accept_messages = true;
 
     if (auto result = CreateSocket(PROP_SERVICE_NAME, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC | SOCK_NONBLOCK,
                                    false, 0666, 0, 0, {})) {
diff --git a/init/property_service.proto b/init/property_service.proto
index ea454d4..08268d9 100644
--- a/init/property_service.proto
+++ b/init/property_service.proto
@@ -40,5 +40,6 @@
     oneof msg {
         bool load_persistent_properties = 1;
         bool stop_sending_messages = 2;
+        bool start_sending_messages = 3;
     };
 }
diff --git a/init/reboot.cpp b/init/reboot.cpp
index 30836d2..d77b975 100644
--- a/init/reboot.cpp
+++ b/init/reboot.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #include <linux/loop.h>
 #include <mntent.h>
 #include <semaphore.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <sys/cdefs.h>
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
 #include <sys/mount.h>
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <sys/wait.h>
 
+#include <chrono>
 #include <memory>
 #include <set>
 #include <thread>
@@ -41,6 +43,7 @@
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
+#include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <bootloader_message/bootloader_message.h>
@@ -50,13 +53,16 @@
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 #include <selinux/selinux.h>
 
+#include "action.h"
 #include "action_manager.h"
+#include "builtin_arguments.h"
 #include "init.h"
 #include "property_service.h"
 #include "reboot_utils.h"
 #include "service.h"
 #include "service_list.h"
 #include "sigchld_handler.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
 #define PROC_SYSRQ "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
 
@@ -71,6 +77,21 @@
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
+static bool shutting_down = false;
+
+static const std::set<std::string> kDebuggingServices{"tombstoned", "logd", "adbd", "console"};
+
+static std::vector<Service*> GetDebuggingServices(bool only_post_data) {
+    std::vector<Service*> ret;
+    ret.reserve(kDebuggingServices.size());
+    for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
+        if (kDebuggingServices.count(s->name()) && (!only_post_data || s->is_post_data())) {
+            ret.push_back(s.get());
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
 // represents umount status during reboot / shutdown.
 enum UmountStat {
     /* umount succeeded. */
@@ -442,6 +463,49 @@
     LOG(INFO) << "zram_backing_dev: `" << backing_dev << "` is cleared successfully.";
 }
 
+// Stops given services, waits for them to be stopped for |timeout| ms.
+// If terminate is true, then SIGTERM is sent to services, otherwise SIGKILL is sent.
+static void StopServices(const std::vector<Service*>& services, std::chrono::milliseconds timeout,
+                         bool terminate) {
+    LOG(INFO) << "Stopping " << services.size() << " services by sending "
+              << (terminate ? "SIGTERM" : "SIGKILL");
+    std::vector<pid_t> pids;
+    pids.reserve(services.size());
+    for (const auto& s : services) {
+        if (s->pid() > 0) {
+            pids.push_back(s->pid());
+        }
+        if (terminate) {
+            s->Terminate();
+        } else {
+            s->Stop();
+        }
+    }
+    if (timeout > 0ms) {
+        WaitToBeReaped(pids, timeout);
+    } else {
+        // Even if we don't to wait for services to stop, we still optimistically reap zombies.
+        ReapAnyOutstandingChildren();
+    }
+}
+
+// Like StopServices, but also logs all the services that failed to stop after the provided timeout.
+// Returns number of violators.
+static int StopServicesAndLogViolations(const std::vector<Service*>& services,
+                                        std::chrono::milliseconds timeout, bool terminate) {
+    StopServices(services, timeout, terminate);
+    int still_running = 0;
+    for (const auto& s : services) {
+        if (s->IsRunning()) {
+            LOG(ERROR) << "[service-misbehaving] : service '" << s->name() << "' is still running "
+                       << timeout.count() << "ms after receiving "
+                       << (terminate ? "SIGTERM" : "SIGKILL");
+            still_running++;
+        }
+    }
+    return still_running;
+}
+
 //* Reboot / shutdown the system.
 // cmd ANDROID_RB_* as defined in android_reboot.h
 // reason Reason string like "reboot", "shutdown,userrequested"
@@ -506,12 +570,13 @@
     // Start reboot monitor thread
     sem_post(&reboot_semaphore);
 
-    // keep debugging tools until non critical ones are all gone.
-    const std::set<std::string> kill_after_apps{"tombstoned", "logd", "adbd"};
     // watchdogd is a vendor specific component but should be alive to complete shutdown safely.
     const std::set<std::string> to_starts{"watchdogd"};
+    std::vector<Service*> stop_first;
+    stop_first.reserve(ServiceList::GetInstance().services().size());
     for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
-        if (kill_after_apps.count(s->name())) {
+        if (kDebuggingServices.count(s->name())) {
+            // keep debugging tools until non critical ones are all gone.
             s->SetShutdownCritical();
         } else if (to_starts.count(s->name())) {
             if (auto result = s->Start(); !result) {
@@ -525,6 +590,8 @@
                 LOG(ERROR) << "Could not start shutdown critical service '" << s->name()
                            << "': " << result.error();
             }
+        } else {
+            stop_first.push_back(s.get());
         }
     }
 
@@ -567,49 +634,12 @@
     // optional shutdown step
     // 1. terminate all services except shutdown critical ones. wait for delay to finish
     if (shutdown_timeout > 0ms) {
-        LOG(INFO) << "terminating init services";
-
-        // Ask all services to terminate except shutdown critical ones.
-        for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance().services_in_shutdown_order()) {
-            if (!s->IsShutdownCritical()) s->Terminate();
-        }
-
-        int service_count = 0;
-        // Only wait up to half of timeout here
-        auto termination_wait_timeout = shutdown_timeout / 2;
-        while (t.duration() < termination_wait_timeout) {
-            ReapAnyOutstandingChildren();
-
-            service_count = 0;
-            for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
-                // Count the number of services running except shutdown critical.
-                // Exclude the console as it will ignore the SIGTERM signal
-                // and not exit.
-                // Note: SVC_CONSOLE actually means "requires console" but
-                // it is only used by the shell.
-                if (!s->IsShutdownCritical() && s->pid() != 0 && (s->flags() & SVC_CONSOLE) == 0) {
-                    service_count++;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (service_count == 0) {
-                // All terminable services terminated. We can exit early.
-                break;
-            }
-
-            // Wait a bit before recounting the number or running services.
-            std::this_thread::sleep_for(50ms);
-        }
-        LOG(INFO) << "Terminating running services took " << t
-                  << " with remaining services:" << service_count;
+        StopServicesAndLogViolations(stop_first, shutdown_timeout / 2, true /* SIGTERM */);
     }
-
-    // minimum safety steps before restarting
-    // 2. kill all services except ones that are necessary for the shutdown sequence.
-    for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance().services_in_shutdown_order()) {
-        if (!s->IsShutdownCritical()) s->Stop();
-    }
+    // Send SIGKILL to ones that didn't terminate cleanly.
+    StopServicesAndLogViolations(stop_first, 0ms, false /* SIGKILL */);
     SubcontextTerminate();
+    // Reap subcontext pids.
     ReapAnyOutstandingChildren();
 
     // 3. send volume shutdown to vold
@@ -621,9 +651,7 @@
         LOG(INFO) << "vold not running, skipping vold shutdown";
     }
     // logcat stopped here
-    for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance().services_in_shutdown_order()) {
-        if (kill_after_apps.count(s->name())) s->Stop();
-    }
+    StopServices(GetDebuggingServices(false /* only_post_data */), 0ms, false /* SIGKILL */);
     // 4. sync, try umount, and optionally run fsck for user shutdown
     {
         Timer sync_timer;
@@ -655,12 +683,96 @@
     abort();
 }
 
-bool HandlePowerctlMessage(const std::string& command) {
+static void EnterShutdown() {
+    LOG(INFO) << "Entering shutdown mode";
+    shutting_down = true;
+    // Skip wait for prop if it is in progress
+    ResetWaitForProp();
+    // Clear EXEC flag if there is one pending
+    for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
+        s->UnSetExec();
+    }
+    // We no longer process messages about properties changing coming from property service, so we
+    // need to tell property service to stop sending us these messages, otherwise it'll fill the
+    // buffers and block indefinitely, causing future property sets, including those that init makes
+    // during shutdown in Service::NotifyStateChange() to also block indefinitely.
+    SendStopSendingMessagesMessage();
+}
+
+static void LeaveShutdown() {
+    LOG(INFO) << "Leaving shutdown mode";
+    shutting_down = false;
+    SendStartSendingMessagesMessage();
+}
+
+static Result<void> DoUserspaceReboot() {
+    LOG(INFO) << "Userspace reboot initiated";
+    auto guard = android::base::make_scope_guard([] {
+        // Leave shutdown so that we can handle a full reboot.
+        LeaveShutdown();
+        TriggerShutdown("reboot,abort-userspace-reboot");
+    });
+    // Triggering userspace-reboot-requested will result in a bunch of set_prop
+    // actions. We should make sure, that all of them are propagated before
+    // proceeding with userspace reboot.
+    // TODO(b/135984674): implement proper synchronization logic.
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(500ms);
+    EnterShutdown();
+    std::vector<Service*> stop_first;
+    // Remember the services that were enabled. We will need to manually enable them again otherwise
+    // triggers like class_start won't restart them.
+    std::vector<Service*> were_enabled;
+    stop_first.reserve(ServiceList::GetInstance().services().size());
+    for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance().services_in_shutdown_order()) {
+        if (s->is_post_data() && !kDebuggingServices.count(s->name())) {
+            stop_first.push_back(s);
+        }
+        if (s->is_post_data() && s->IsEnabled()) {
+            were_enabled.push_back(s);
+        }
+    }
+    // TODO(b/135984674): do we need shutdown animation for userspace reboot?
+    // TODO(b/135984674): control userspace timeout via read-only property?
+    StopServicesAndLogViolations(stop_first, 10s, true /* SIGTERM */);
+    if (int r = StopServicesAndLogViolations(stop_first, 20s, false /* SIGKILL */); r > 0) {
+        // TODO(b/135984674): store information about offending services for debugging.
+        return Error() << r << " post-data services are still running";
+    }
+    // TODO(b/135984674): remount userdata
+    if (int r = StopServicesAndLogViolations(GetDebuggingServices(true /* only_post_data */), 5s,
+                                             false /* SIGKILL */);
+        r > 0) {
+        // TODO(b/135984674): store information about offending services for debugging.
+        return Error() << r << " debugging services are still running";
+    }
+    // TODO(b/135984674): deactivate APEX modules and switch back to bootstrap namespace.
+    // Re-enable services
+    for (const auto& s : were_enabled) {
+        LOG(INFO) << "Re-enabling service '" << s->name() << "'";
+        s->Enable();
+    }
+    LeaveShutdown();
+    ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueEventTrigger("userspace-reboot-resume");
+    guard.Disable();  // Go on with userspace reboot.
+    return {};
+}
+
+static void HandleUserspaceReboot() {
+    LOG(INFO) << "Clearing queue and starting userspace-reboot-requested trigger";
+    auto& am = ActionManager::GetInstance();
+    am.ClearQueue();
+    am.QueueEventTrigger("userspace-reboot-requested");
+    auto handler = [](const BuiltinArguments&) { return DoUserspaceReboot(); };
+    am.QueueBuiltinAction(handler, "userspace-reboot");
+}
+
+void HandlePowerctlMessage(const std::string& command) {
     unsigned int cmd = 0;
     std::vector<std::string> cmd_params = Split(command, ",");
     std::string reboot_target = "";
     bool run_fsck = false;
     bool command_invalid = false;
+    bool userspace_reboot = false;
 
     if (cmd_params[0] == "shutdown") {
         cmd = ANDROID_RB_POWEROFF;
@@ -680,6 +792,10 @@
         cmd = ANDROID_RB_RESTART2;
         if (cmd_params.size() >= 2) {
             reboot_target = cmd_params[1];
+            if (reboot_target == "userspace") {
+                LOG(INFO) << "Userspace reboot requested";
+                userspace_reboot = true;
+            }
             // adb reboot fastboot should boot into bootloader for devices not
             // supporting logical partitions.
             if (reboot_target == "fastboot" &&
@@ -706,7 +822,7 @@
                     strlcpy(boot.command, "boot-recovery", sizeof(boot.command));
                     if (std::string err; !write_bootloader_message(boot, &err)) {
                         LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to set bootloader message: " << err;
-                        return false;
+                        return;
                     }
                 }
             } else if (reboot_target == "sideload" || reboot_target == "sideload-auto-reboot" ||
@@ -719,7 +835,7 @@
                 std::string err;
                 if (!write_bootloader_message(options, &err)) {
                     LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to set bootloader message: " << err;
-                    return false;
+                    return;
                 }
                 reboot_target = "recovery";
             }
@@ -734,7 +850,12 @@
     }
     if (command_invalid) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "powerctl: unrecognized command '" << command << "'";
-        return false;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (userspace_reboot) {
+        HandleUserspaceReboot();
+        return;
     }
 
     LOG(INFO) << "Clear action queue and start shutdown trigger";
@@ -748,21 +869,11 @@
     };
     ActionManager::GetInstance().QueueBuiltinAction(shutdown_handler, "shutdown_done");
 
-    // Skip wait for prop if it is in progress
-    ResetWaitForProp();
+    EnterShutdown();
+}
 
-    // Clear EXEC flag if there is one pending
-    for (const auto& s : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
-        s->UnSetExec();
-    }
-
-    // We no longer process messages about properties changing coming from property service, so we
-    // need to tell property service to stop sending us these messages, otherwise it'll fill the
-    // buffers and block indefinitely, causing future property sets, including those that init makes
-    // during shutdown in Service::NotifyStateChange() to also block indefinitely.
-    SendStopSendingMessagesMessage();
-
-    return true;
+bool IsShuttingDown() {
+    return shutting_down;
 }
 
 }  // namespace init
diff --git a/init/reboot.h b/init/reboot.h
index 07dcb6e..81c3edc 100644
--- a/init/reboot.h
+++ b/init/reboot.h
@@ -23,8 +23,9 @@
 namespace init {
 
 // Parses and handles a setprop sys.powerctl message.
-bool HandlePowerctlMessage(const std::string& command);
+void HandlePowerctlMessage(const std::string& command);
 
+bool IsShuttingDown();
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
 
diff --git a/init/reboot_utils.cpp b/init/reboot_utils.cpp
index de085cc..dac0cf4 100644
--- a/init/reboot_utils.cpp
+++ b/init/reboot_utils.cpp
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@
     abort();
 }
 
-void __attribute__((noreturn)) InitFatalReboot() {
+void __attribute__((noreturn)) InitFatalReboot(int signal_number) {
     auto pid = fork();
 
     if (pid == -1) {
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@
     }
 
     // In the parent, let's try to get a backtrace then shutdown.
+    LOG(ERROR) << __FUNCTION__ << ": signal " << signal_number;
     std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(
             Backtrace::Create(BACKTRACE_CURRENT_PROCESS, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD));
     if (!backtrace->Unwind(0)) {
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@
         // RebootSystem uses syscall() which isn't actually async-signal-safe, but our only option
         // and probably good enough given this is already an error case and only enabled for
         // development builds.
-        InitFatalReboot();
+        InitFatalReboot(signal);
     };
     action.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
     sigaction(SIGABRT, &action, nullptr);
diff --git a/init/reboot_utils.h b/init/reboot_utils.h
index 3fd969e..878ad96 100644
--- a/init/reboot_utils.h
+++ b/init/reboot_utils.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 bool IsRebootCapable();
 // This is a wrapper around the actual reboot calls.
 void __attribute__((noreturn)) RebootSystem(unsigned int cmd, const std::string& reboot_target);
-void __attribute__((noreturn)) InitFatalReboot();
+void __attribute__((noreturn)) InitFatalReboot(int signal_number);
 void InstallRebootSignalHandlers();
 
 }  // namespace init
diff --git a/init/service.cpp b/init/service.cpp
index a2db070..c8568a0 100644
--- a/init/service.cpp
+++ b/init/service.cpp
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@
 
     if ((siginfo.si_code != CLD_EXITED || siginfo.si_status != 0) && on_failure_reboot_target_) {
         LOG(ERROR) << "Service with 'reboot_on_failure' option failed, shutting down system.";
-        EnterShutdown(*on_failure_reboot_target_);
+        TriggerShutdown(*on_failure_reboot_target_);
     }
 
     if (flags_ & SVC_EXEC) UnSetExec();
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@
 Result<void> Service::ExecStart() {
     auto reboot_on_failure = make_scope_guard([this] {
         if (on_failure_reboot_target_) {
-            EnterShutdown(*on_failure_reboot_target_);
+            TriggerShutdown(*on_failure_reboot_target_);
         }
     });
 
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@
 Result<void> Service::Start() {
     auto reboot_on_failure = make_scope_guard([this] {
         if (on_failure_reboot_target_) {
-            EnterShutdown(*on_failure_reboot_target_);
+            TriggerShutdown(*on_failure_reboot_target_);
         }
     });
 
diff --git a/init/service.h b/init/service.h
index 788f792..272c9f9 100644
--- a/init/service.h
+++ b/init/service.h
@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@
             const std::vector<std::string>& args);
 
     bool IsRunning() { return (flags_ & SVC_RUNNING) != 0; }
+    bool IsEnabled() { return (flags_ & SVC_DISABLED) == 0; }
     Result<void> ExecStart();
     Result<void> Start();
     Result<void> StartIfNotDisabled();
diff --git a/init/sigchld_handler.cpp b/init/sigchld_handler.cpp
index 984235d..9b2c7d9 100644
--- a/init/sigchld_handler.cpp
+++ b/init/sigchld_handler.cpp
@@ -28,28 +28,31 @@
 #include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 
+#include <thread>
+
 #include "init.h"
 #include "service.h"
 #include "service_list.h"
 
-using android::base::StringPrintf;
 using android::base::boot_clock;
 using android::base::make_scope_guard;
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
+using android::base::Timer;
 
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
-static bool ReapOneProcess() {
+static pid_t ReapOneProcess() {
     siginfo_t siginfo = {};
     // This returns a zombie pid or informs us that there are no zombies left to be reaped.
     // It does NOT reap the pid; that is done below.
     if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(waitid(P_ALL, 0, &siginfo, WEXITED | WNOHANG | WNOWAIT)) != 0) {
         PLOG(ERROR) << "waitid failed";
-        return false;
+        return 0;
     }
 
     auto pid = siginfo.si_pid;
-    if (pid == 0) return false;
+    if (pid == 0) return 0;
 
     // At this point we know we have a zombie pid, so we use this scopeguard to reap the pid
     // whenever the function returns from this point forward.
@@ -92,7 +95,7 @@
         LOG(INFO) << name << " received signal " << siginfo.si_status << wait_string;
     }
 
-    if (!service) return true;
+    if (!service) return pid;
 
     service->Reap(siginfo);
 
@@ -100,13 +103,33 @@
         ServiceList::GetInstance().RemoveService(*service);
     }
 
-    return true;
+    return pid;
 }
 
 void ReapAnyOutstandingChildren() {
-    while (ReapOneProcess()) {
+    while (ReapOneProcess() != 0) {
     }
 }
 
+void WaitToBeReaped(const std::vector<pid_t>& pids, std::chrono::milliseconds timeout) {
+    Timer t;
+    std::vector<pid_t> alive_pids(pids.begin(), pids.end());
+    while (!alive_pids.empty() && t.duration() < timeout) {
+        pid_t pid;
+        while ((pid = ReapOneProcess()) != 0) {
+            auto it = std::find(alive_pids.begin(), alive_pids.end(), pid);
+            if (it != alive_pids.end()) {
+                alive_pids.erase(it);
+            }
+        }
+        if (alive_pids.empty()) {
+            break;
+        }
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(50ms);
+    }
+    LOG(INFO) << "Waiting for " << pids.size() << " pids to be reaped took " << t << " with "
+              << alive_pids.size() << " of them still running";
+}
+
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/sigchld_handler.h b/init/sigchld_handler.h
index 30063f2..fac1020 100644
--- a/init/sigchld_handler.h
+++ b/init/sigchld_handler.h
@@ -17,11 +17,16 @@
 #ifndef _INIT_SIGCHLD_HANDLER_H_
 #define _INIT_SIGCHLD_HANDLER_H_
 
+#include <chrono>
+#include <vector>
+
 namespace android {
 namespace init {
 
 void ReapAnyOutstandingChildren();
 
+void WaitToBeReaped(const std::vector<pid_t>& pids, std::chrono::milliseconds timeout);
+
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
 
diff --git a/init/util.cpp b/init/util.cpp
index 0532375..40db838 100644
--- a/init/util.cpp
+++ b/init/util.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <pwd.h>
+#include <signal.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -481,7 +482,7 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    InitFatalReboot();
+    InitFatalReboot(SIGABRT);
 }
 
 // The kernel opens /dev/console and uses that fd for stdin/stdout/stderr if there is a serial
diff --git a/libcutils/sched_policy_test.cpp b/libcutils/sched_policy_test.cpp
index a321c90..b9e2832 100644
--- a/libcutils/sched_policy_test.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/sched_policy_test.cpp
@@ -107,6 +107,18 @@
 
 TEST(SchedPolicy, get_sched_policy_name) {
     EXPECT_STREQ("bg", get_sched_policy_name(SP_BACKGROUND));
-    EXPECT_STREQ("error", get_sched_policy_name(SchedPolicy(-2)));
-    EXPECT_STREQ("error", get_sched_policy_name(SP_CNT));
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, get_sched_policy_name(SchedPolicy(-2)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, get_sched_policy_name(SP_CNT));
+}
+
+TEST(SchedPolicy, get_cpuset_policy_profile_name) {
+    EXPECT_STREQ("CPUSET_SP_BACKGROUND", get_cpuset_policy_profile_name(SP_BACKGROUND));
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, get_cpuset_policy_profile_name(SchedPolicy(-2)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, get_cpuset_policy_profile_name(SP_CNT));
+}
+
+TEST(SchedPolicy, get_sched_policy_profile_name) {
+    EXPECT_STREQ("SCHED_SP_BACKGROUND", get_sched_policy_profile_name(SP_BACKGROUND));
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, get_sched_policy_profile_name(SchedPolicy(-2)));
+    EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, get_sched_policy_profile_name(SP_CNT));
 }
diff --git a/libcutils/trace-dev.cpp b/libcutils/trace-dev.cpp
index 4da8215..bff16c1 100644
--- a/libcutils/trace-dev.cpp
+++ b/libcutils/trace-dev.cpp
@@ -34,12 +34,9 @@
     if (atrace_marker_fd == -1) {
         ALOGE("Error opening trace file: %s (%d)", strerror(errno), errno);
         atrace_enabled_tags = 0;
-        goto done;
+    } else {
+      atrace_enabled_tags = atrace_get_property();
     }
-
-    atrace_enabled_tags = atrace_get_property();
-
-done:
     atomic_store_explicit(&atrace_is_ready, true, memory_order_release);
 }
 
diff --git a/libion/ion.c b/libion/ion.c
index 5141ea8..07b4caf 100644
--- a/libion/ion.c
+++ b/libion/ion.c
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <ion/ion.h>
-#include "ion_4.19.h"
+#include <linux/ion_4.19.h>
 
 #include <log/log.h>
 
diff --git a/libion/ion_4.12.h b/libion/kernel-headers/linux/ion_4.12.h
similarity index 81%
rename from libion/ion_4.12.h
rename to libion/kernel-headers/linux/ion_4.12.h
index 614510c..1af8284 100644
--- a/libion/ion_4.12.h
+++ b/libion/kernel-headers/linux/ion_4.12.h
@@ -22,27 +22,27 @@
 #include <linux/types.h>
 #define ION_NUM_HEAP_IDS (sizeof(unsigned int) * 8)
 struct ion_new_allocation_data {
-  __u64 len;
-  __u32 heap_id_mask;
-  __u32 flags;
-  __u32 fd;
-  __u32 unused;
+    __u64 len;
+    __u32 heap_id_mask;
+    __u32 flags;
+    __u32 fd;
+    __u32 unused;
 };
 #define MAX_HEAP_NAME 32
 struct ion_heap_data {
-  char name[MAX_HEAP_NAME];
-  __u32 type;
-  __u32 heap_id;
-  __u32 reserved0;
-  __u32 reserved1;
-  __u32 reserved2;
+    char name[MAX_HEAP_NAME];
+    __u32 type;
+    __u32 heap_id;
+    __u32 reserved0;
+    __u32 reserved1;
+    __u32 reserved2;
 };
 struct ion_heap_query {
-  __u32 cnt;
-  __u32 reserved0;
-  __u64 heaps;
-  __u32 reserved1;
-  __u32 reserved2;
+    __u32 cnt;
+    __u32 reserved0;
+    __u64 heaps;
+    __u32 reserved1;
+    __u32 reserved2;
 };
 #define ION_IOC_MAGIC 'I'
 #define ION_IOC_NEW_ALLOC _IOWR(ION_IOC_MAGIC, 0, struct ion_new_allocation_data)
diff --git a/libion/ion_4.19.h b/libion/kernel-headers/linux/ion_4.19.h
similarity index 100%
rename from libion/ion_4.19.h
rename to libion/kernel-headers/linux/ion_4.19.h
diff --git a/libion/tests/ion_4.12.h b/libion/tests/ion_4.12.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 614510c..0000000
--- a/libion/tests/ion_4.12.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-/****************************************************************************
- ****************************************************************************
- ***
- ***   This header was automatically generated from a Linux kernel header
- ***   of the same name, to make information necessary for userspace to
- ***   call into the kernel available to libc.  It contains only constants,
- ***   structures, and macros generated from the original header, and thus,
- ***   contains no copyrightable information.
- ***
- ***   To edit the content of this header, modify the corresponding
- ***   source file (e.g. under external/kernel-headers/original/) then
- ***   run bionic/libc/kernel/tools/update_all.py
- ***
- ***   Any manual change here will be lost the next time this script will
- ***   be run. You've been warned!
- ***
- ****************************************************************************
- ****************************************************************************/
-#ifndef _UAPI_LINUX_ION_NEW_H
-#define _UAPI_LINUX_ION_NEW_H
-#include <linux/ioctl.h>
-#include <linux/types.h>
-#define ION_NUM_HEAP_IDS (sizeof(unsigned int) * 8)
-struct ion_new_allocation_data {
-  __u64 len;
-  __u32 heap_id_mask;
-  __u32 flags;
-  __u32 fd;
-  __u32 unused;
-};
-#define MAX_HEAP_NAME 32
-struct ion_heap_data {
-  char name[MAX_HEAP_NAME];
-  __u32 type;
-  __u32 heap_id;
-  __u32 reserved0;
-  __u32 reserved1;
-  __u32 reserved2;
-};
-struct ion_heap_query {
-  __u32 cnt;
-  __u32 reserved0;
-  __u64 heaps;
-  __u32 reserved1;
-  __u32 reserved2;
-};
-#define ION_IOC_MAGIC 'I'
-#define ION_IOC_NEW_ALLOC _IOWR(ION_IOC_MAGIC, 0, struct ion_new_allocation_data)
-#define ION_IOC_HEAP_QUERY _IOWR(ION_IOC_MAGIC, 8, struct ion_heap_query)
-#endif
diff --git a/libion/tests/ion_test_fixture.h b/libion/tests/ion_test_fixture.h
index 4f254b8..c78fe41 100644
--- a/libion/tests/ion_test_fixture.h
+++ b/libion/tests/ion_test_fixture.h
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 #define ION_TEST_FIXTURE_H_
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <linux/ion_4.12.h>
 #include <vector>
-#include "ion_4.12.h"
 
 using ::testing::Test;
 
diff --git a/liblog/include/android/log.h b/liblog/include/android/log.h
index 935590d..2e6210e 100644
--- a/liblog/include/android/log.h
+++ b/liblog/include/android/log.h
@@ -96,20 +96,14 @@
  * [printf(3)](http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man3/printf.3.html).
  */
 int __android_log_print(int prio, const char* tag, const char* fmt, ...)
-#if defined(__GNUC__)
-    __attribute__((__format__(printf, 3, 4)))
-#endif
-    ;
+    __attribute__((__format__(printf, 3, 4)));
 
 /**
  * Equivalent to `__android_log_print`, but taking a `va_list`.
  * (If `__android_log_print` is like `printf`, this is like `vprintf`.)
  */
 int __android_log_vprint(int prio, const char* tag, const char* fmt, va_list ap)
-#if defined(__GNUC__)
-    __attribute__((__format__(printf, 3, 0)))
-#endif
-    ;
+    __attribute__((__format__(printf, 3, 0)));
 
 /**
  * Writes an assertion failure to the log (as `ANDROID_LOG_FATAL`) and to
@@ -127,13 +121,8 @@
  * including the source filename and line number more conveniently than this
  * function.
  */
-void __android_log_assert(const char* cond, const char* tag, const char* fmt,
-                          ...)
-#if defined(__GNUC__)
-    __attribute__((__noreturn__))
-    __attribute__((__format__(printf, 3, 4)))
-#endif
-    ;
+void __android_log_assert(const char* cond, const char* tag, const char* fmt, ...)
+    __attribute__((__noreturn__)) __attribute__((__format__(printf, 3, 4)));
 
 #ifndef log_id_t_defined
 #define log_id_t_defined
@@ -171,8 +160,7 @@
  *
  * Apps should use __android_log_write() instead.
  */
-int __android_log_buf_write(int bufID, int prio, const char* tag,
-                            const char* text);
+int __android_log_buf_write(int bufID, int prio, const char* tag, const char* text);
 
 /**
  * Writes a formatted string to log buffer `id`,
@@ -182,12 +170,8 @@
  *
  * Apps should use __android_log_print() instead.
  */
-int __android_log_buf_print(int bufID, int prio, const char* tag,
-                            const char* fmt, ...)
-#if defined(__GNUC__)
-    __attribute__((__format__(printf, 4, 5)))
-#endif
-    ;
+int __android_log_buf_print(int bufID, int prio, const char* tag, const char* fmt, ...)
+    __attribute__((__format__(printf, 4, 5)));
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/event_tag_map.h b/liblog/include/log/event_tag_map.h
index 2687b3a..f7ec208 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/event_tag_map.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/event_tag_map.h
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <stddef.h>
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log.h b/liblog/include/log/log.h
index 5928649..90d1e76 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log.h
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 #endif
 #include <stdint.h> /* uint16_t, int32_t */
 #include <stdio.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
@@ -65,21 +64,6 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
-/*
- * This file uses ", ## __VA_ARGS__" zero-argument token pasting to
- * work around issues with debug-only syntax errors in assertions
- * that are missing format strings.  See commit
- * 19299904343daf191267564fe32e6cd5c165cd42
- */
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#pragma clang diagnostic push
-#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu-zero-variadic-macro-arguments"
-#endif
-
-/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
-
 /*
  * Event logging.
  */
@@ -164,10 +148,6 @@
  */
 void __android_log_close(void);
 
-#if defined(__clang__)
-#pragma clang diagnostic pop
-#endif
-
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_event_list.h b/liblog/include/log/log_event_list.h
index 636d417..deadf20 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_event_list.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_event_list.h
@@ -36,16 +36,11 @@
 /*
  * The opaque context used to manipulate lists of events.
  */
-#ifndef __android_log_context_defined
-#define __android_log_context_defined
 typedef struct android_log_context_internal* android_log_context;
-#endif
 
 /*
  * Elements returned when reading a list of events.
  */
-#ifndef __android_log_list_element_defined
-#define __android_log_list_element_defined
 typedef struct {
   AndroidEventLogType type;
   uint16_t complete;
@@ -57,7 +52,6 @@
     float float32;
   } data;
 } android_log_list_element;
-#endif
 
 /*
  * Creates a context associated with an event tag to write elements to
@@ -104,8 +98,6 @@
 int android_log_destroy(android_log_context* ctx);
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
-#ifndef __class_android_log_event_list_defined
-#define __class_android_log_event_list_defined
 /* android_log_list C++ helpers */
 extern "C++" {
 class android_log_event_list {
@@ -280,7 +272,6 @@
 };
 }
 #endif
-#endif
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_id.h b/liblog/include/log/log_id.h
index c052a50..4c6d809 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_id.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_id.h
@@ -45,12 +45,8 @@
  */
 int __android_log_buf_write(int bufID, int prio, const char* tag,
                             const char* text);
-int __android_log_buf_print(int bufID, int prio, const char* tag,
-                            const char* fmt, ...)
-#if defined(__GNUC__)
-    __attribute__((__format__(printf, 4, 5)))
-#endif
-    ;
+int __android_log_buf_print(int bufID, int prio, const char* tag, const char* fmt, ...)
+    __attribute__((__format__(printf, 4, 5)));
 
 /*
  * log_id_t helpers
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_read.h b/liblog/include/log/log_read.h
index fdef306..2079e7a 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_read.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_read.h
@@ -53,8 +53,6 @@
 /*
  * The userspace structure for version 1 of the logger_entry ABI.
  */
-#ifndef __struct_logger_entry_defined
-#define __struct_logger_entry_defined
 struct logger_entry {
   uint16_t len;   /* length of the payload */
   uint16_t __pad; /* no matter what, we get 2 bytes of padding */
@@ -64,13 +62,10 @@
   int32_t nsec;   /* nanoseconds */
   char msg[0]; /* the entry's payload */
 };
-#endif
 
 /*
  * The userspace structure for version 2 of the logger_entry ABI.
  */
-#ifndef __struct_logger_entry_v2_defined
-#define __struct_logger_entry_v2_defined
 struct logger_entry_v2 {
   uint16_t len;      /* length of the payload */
   uint16_t hdr_size; /* sizeof(struct logger_entry_v2) */
@@ -81,13 +76,10 @@
   uint32_t euid;     /* effective UID of logger */
   char msg[0]; /* the entry's payload */
 } __attribute__((__packed__));
-#endif
 
 /*
  * The userspace structure for version 3 of the logger_entry ABI.
  */
-#ifndef __struct_logger_entry_v3_defined
-#define __struct_logger_entry_v3_defined
 struct logger_entry_v3 {
   uint16_t len;      /* length of the payload */
   uint16_t hdr_size; /* sizeof(struct logger_entry_v3) */
@@ -98,13 +90,10 @@
   uint32_t lid;      /* log id of the payload */
   char msg[0]; /* the entry's payload */
 } __attribute__((__packed__));
-#endif
 
 /*
  * The userspace structure for version 4 of the logger_entry ABI.
  */
-#ifndef __struct_logger_entry_v4_defined
-#define __struct_logger_entry_v4_defined
 struct logger_entry_v4 {
   uint16_t len;      /* length of the payload */
   uint16_t hdr_size; /* sizeof(struct logger_entry_v4) */
@@ -116,7 +105,6 @@
   uint32_t uid;      /* generating process's uid */
   char msg[0]; /* the entry's payload */
 };
-#endif
 #pragma clang diagnostic pop
 
 /*
@@ -133,8 +121,6 @@
  */
 #define LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_LEN (5 * 1024)
 
-#ifndef __struct_log_msg_defined
-#define __struct_log_msg_defined
 struct log_msg {
   union {
     unsigned char buf[LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_LEN + 1];
@@ -191,7 +177,6 @@
   }
 #endif
 };
-#endif
 
 struct logger;
 
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_time.h b/liblog/include/log/log_time.h
index 09c9910..6b4458c 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_time.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_time.h
@@ -24,9 +24,6 @@
 #define US_PER_SEC 1000000ULL
 #define MS_PER_SEC 1000ULL
 
-#ifndef __struct_log_time_defined
-#define __struct_log_time_defined
-
 #define LOG_TIME_SEC(t) ((t)->tv_sec)
 /* next power of two after NS_PER_SEC */
 #define LOG_TIME_NSEC(t) ((t)->tv_nsec & (UINT32_MAX >> 2))
@@ -35,11 +32,6 @@
 
 extern "C" {
 
-/*
- * NB: we did NOT define a copy constructor. This will result in structure
- * no longer being compatible with pass-by-value which is desired
- * efficient behavior. Also, pass-by-reference breaks C/C++ ABI.
- */
 struct log_time {
  public:
   uint32_t tv_sec = 0; /* good to Feb 5 2106 */
@@ -169,5 +161,3 @@
 } __attribute__((__packed__)) log_time;
 
 #endif /* __cplusplus */
-
-#endif /* __struct_log_time_defined */
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/logprint.h b/liblog/include/log/logprint.h
index 8f4b187..7dfd914 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/logprint.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/logprint.h
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <android/log.h>
 #include <log/event_tag_map.h>
diff --git a/liblog/include/private/android_logger.h b/liblog/include/private/android_logger.h
index 5e04148..d3cb571 100644
--- a/liblog/include/private/android_logger.h
+++ b/liblog/include/private/android_logger.h
@@ -57,6 +57,18 @@
   int32_t tag;  // Little Endian Order
 } android_event_header_t;
 
+// Event payload EVENT_TYPE_LIST
+typedef struct __attribute__((__packed__)) {
+  int8_t type;  // EVENT_TYPE_LIST
+  int8_t element_count;
+} android_event_list_t;
+
+// Event payload EVENT_TYPE_FLOAT
+typedef struct __attribute__((__packed__)) {
+  int8_t type;  // EVENT_TYPE_FLOAT
+  float data;
+} android_event_float_t;
+
 /* Event payload EVENT_TYPE_INT */
 typedef struct __attribute__((__packed__)) {
   int8_t type;   // EVENT_TYPE_INT
diff --git a/liblog/log_event_list.cpp b/liblog/log_event_list.cpp
index 18ea930..7882c96 100644
--- a/liblog/log_event_list.cpp
+++ b/liblog/log_event_list.cpp
@@ -51,11 +51,9 @@
 typedef struct android_log_context_internal android_log_context_internal;
 
 static void init_context(android_log_context_internal* context, uint32_t tag) {
-  size_t needed;
-
   context->tag = tag;
   context->read_write_flag = kAndroidLoggerWrite;
-  needed = sizeof(uint8_t) + sizeof(uint8_t);
+  size_t needed = sizeof(android_event_list_t);
   if ((context->pos + needed) > MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD) {
     context->overflow = true;
   }
@@ -143,7 +141,6 @@
 }
 
 int android_log_write_list_begin(android_log_context ctx) {
-  size_t needed;
   android_log_context_internal* context;
 
   context = (android_log_context_internal*)ctx;
@@ -154,7 +151,7 @@
     context->overflow = true;
     return -EOVERFLOW;
   }
-  needed = sizeof(uint8_t) + sizeof(uint8_t);
+  size_t needed = sizeof(android_event_list_t);
   if ((context->pos + needed) > MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD) {
     context->overflow = true;
     return -EIO;
@@ -168,8 +165,9 @@
   if (context->overflow) {
     return -EIO;
   }
-  context->storage[context->pos + 0] = EVENT_TYPE_LIST;
-  context->storage[context->pos + 1] = 0;
+  auto* event_list = reinterpret_cast<android_event_list_t*>(&context->storage[context->pos]);
+  event_list->type = EVENT_TYPE_LIST;
+  event_list->element_count = 0;
   context->list[context->list_nest_depth] = context->pos + 1;
   context->count[context->list_nest_depth] = 0;
   context->pos += needed;
@@ -177,57 +175,49 @@
 }
 
 int android_log_write_int32(android_log_context ctx, int32_t value) {
-  size_t needed;
-  android_log_context_internal* context;
-
-  context = (android_log_context_internal*)ctx;
+  android_log_context_internal* context = (android_log_context_internal*)ctx;
   if (!context || (kAndroidLoggerWrite != context->read_write_flag)) {
     return -EBADF;
   }
   if (context->overflow) {
     return -EIO;
   }
-  needed = sizeof(uint8_t) + sizeof(value);
+  size_t needed = sizeof(android_event_int_t);
   if ((context->pos + needed) > MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD) {
     context->overflow = true;
     return -EIO;
   }
   context->count[context->list_nest_depth]++;
-  context->storage[context->pos + 0] = EVENT_TYPE_INT;
-  *reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(&context->storage[context->pos + 1]) = value;
+  auto* event_int = reinterpret_cast<android_event_int_t*>(&context->storage[context->pos]);
+  event_int->type = EVENT_TYPE_INT;
+  event_int->data = value;
   context->pos += needed;
   return 0;
 }
 
 int android_log_write_int64(android_log_context ctx, int64_t value) {
-  size_t needed;
-  android_log_context_internal* context;
-
-  context = (android_log_context_internal*)ctx;
+  android_log_context_internal* context = (android_log_context_internal*)ctx;
   if (!context || (kAndroidLoggerWrite != context->read_write_flag)) {
     return -EBADF;
   }
   if (context->overflow) {
     return -EIO;
   }
-  needed = sizeof(uint8_t) + sizeof(value);
+  size_t needed = sizeof(android_event_long_t);
   if ((context->pos + needed) > MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD) {
     context->overflow = true;
     return -EIO;
   }
   context->count[context->list_nest_depth]++;
-  context->storage[context->pos + 0] = EVENT_TYPE_LONG;
-  *reinterpret_cast<int64_t*>(&context->storage[context->pos + 1]) = value;
+  auto* event_long = reinterpret_cast<android_event_long_t*>(&context->storage[context->pos]);
+  event_long->type = EVENT_TYPE_LONG;
+  event_long->data = value;
   context->pos += needed;
   return 0;
 }
 
 int android_log_write_string8_len(android_log_context ctx, const char* value, size_t maxlen) {
-  size_t needed;
-  ssize_t len;
-  android_log_context_internal* context;
-
-  context = (android_log_context_internal*)ctx;
+  android_log_context_internal* context = (android_log_context_internal*)ctx;
   if (!context || (kAndroidLoggerWrite != context->read_write_flag)) {
     return -EBADF;
   }
@@ -237,8 +227,8 @@
   if (!value) {
     value = "";
   }
-  len = strnlen(value, maxlen);
-  needed = sizeof(uint8_t) + sizeof(int32_t) + len;
+  int32_t len = strnlen(value, maxlen);
+  size_t needed = sizeof(android_event_string_t) + len;
   if ((context->pos + needed) > MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD) {
     /* Truncate string for delivery */
     len = MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD - context->pos - 1 - sizeof(int32_t);
@@ -248,10 +238,11 @@
     }
   }
   context->count[context->list_nest_depth]++;
-  context->storage[context->pos + 0] = EVENT_TYPE_STRING;
-  *reinterpret_cast<ssize_t*>(&context->storage[context->pos + 1]) = len;
+  auto* event_string = reinterpret_cast<android_event_string_t*>(&context->storage[context->pos]);
+  event_string->type = EVENT_TYPE_STRING;
+  event_string->length = len;
   if (len) {
-    memcpy(&context->storage[context->pos + 5], value, len);
+    memcpy(&event_string->data, value, len);
   }
   context->pos += needed;
   return len;
@@ -262,26 +253,22 @@
 }
 
 int android_log_write_float32(android_log_context ctx, float value) {
-  size_t needed;
-  uint32_t ivalue;
-  android_log_context_internal* context;
-
-  context = (android_log_context_internal*)ctx;
+  android_log_context_internal* context = (android_log_context_internal*)ctx;
   if (!context || (kAndroidLoggerWrite != context->read_write_flag)) {
     return -EBADF;
   }
   if (context->overflow) {
     return -EIO;
   }
-  needed = sizeof(uint8_t) + sizeof(ivalue);
+  size_t needed = sizeof(android_event_float_t);
   if ((context->pos + needed) > MAX_EVENT_PAYLOAD) {
     context->overflow = true;
     return -EIO;
   }
-  ivalue = *(uint32_t*)&value;
   context->count[context->list_nest_depth]++;
-  context->storage[context->pos + 0] = EVENT_TYPE_FLOAT;
-  *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(&context->storage[context->pos + 1]) = ivalue;
+  auto* event_float = reinterpret_cast<android_event_float_t*>(&context->storage[context->pos]);
+  event_float->type = EVENT_TYPE_FLOAT;
+  event_float->data = value;
   context->pos += needed;
   return 0;
 }
@@ -443,20 +430,22 @@
     return elem;
   }
 
-  elem.type = static_cast<AndroidEventLogType>(context->storage[pos++]);
+  elem.type = static_cast<AndroidEventLogType>(context->storage[pos]);
   switch ((int)elem.type) {
     case EVENT_TYPE_FLOAT:
     /* Rely on union to translate elem.data.int32 into elem.data.float32 */
     /* FALLTHRU */
-    case EVENT_TYPE_INT:
+    case EVENT_TYPE_INT: {
       elem.len = sizeof(int32_t);
-      if ((pos + elem.len) > context->len) {
+      if ((pos + sizeof(android_event_int_t)) > context->len) {
         elem.type = EVENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
         return elem;
       }
-      elem.data.int32 = *reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(&context->storage[pos]);
+
+      auto* event_int = reinterpret_cast<android_event_int_t*>(&context->storage[pos]);
+      pos += sizeof(android_event_int_t);
+      elem.data.int32 = event_int->data;
       /* common tangeable object suffix */
-      pos += elem.len;
       elem.complete = !context->list_nest_depth && !context->count[0];
       if (!peek) {
         if (!context->count[context->list_nest_depth] ||
@@ -466,16 +455,19 @@
         context->pos = pos;
       }
       return elem;
+    }
 
-    case EVENT_TYPE_LONG:
+    case EVENT_TYPE_LONG: {
       elem.len = sizeof(int64_t);
-      if ((pos + elem.len) > context->len) {
+      if ((pos + sizeof(android_event_long_t)) > context->len) {
         elem.type = EVENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
         return elem;
       }
-      elem.data.int64 = *reinterpret_cast<int64_t*>(&context->storage[pos]);
+
+      auto* event_long = reinterpret_cast<android_event_long_t*>(&context->storage[pos]);
+      pos += sizeof(android_event_long_t);
+      elem.data.int64 = event_long->data;
       /* common tangeable object suffix */
-      pos += elem.len;
       elem.complete = !context->list_nest_depth && !context->count[0];
       if (!peek) {
         if (!context->count[context->list_nest_depth] ||
@@ -485,15 +477,22 @@
         context->pos = pos;
       }
       return elem;
+    }
 
-    case EVENT_TYPE_STRING:
-      if ((pos + sizeof(int32_t)) > context->len) {
+    case EVENT_TYPE_STRING: {
+      if ((pos + sizeof(android_event_string_t)) > context->len) {
         elem.type = EVENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
         elem.complete = true;
         return elem;
       }
-      elem.len = *reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(&context->storage[pos]);
-      pos += sizeof(int32_t);
+      auto* event_string = reinterpret_cast<android_event_string_t*>(&context->storage[pos]);
+      pos += sizeof(android_event_string_t);
+      // Wire format is int32_t, but elem.len is uint16_t...
+      if (event_string->length >= UINT16_MAX) {
+        elem.type = EVENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+        return elem;
+      }
+      elem.len = event_string->length;
       if ((pos + elem.len) > context->len) {
         elem.len = context->len - pos; /* truncate string */
         elem.complete = true;
@@ -502,7 +501,7 @@
           return elem;
         }
       }
-      elem.data.string = (char*)&context->storage[pos];
+      elem.data.string = event_string->data;
       /* common tangeable object suffix */
       pos += elem.len;
       elem.complete = !context->list_nest_depth && !context->count[0];
@@ -514,13 +513,16 @@
         context->pos = pos;
       }
       return elem;
+    }
 
-    case EVENT_TYPE_LIST:
-      if ((pos + sizeof(uint8_t)) > context->len) {
+    case EVENT_TYPE_LIST: {
+      if ((pos + sizeof(android_event_list_t)) > context->len) {
         elem.type = EVENT_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
         elem.complete = true;
         return elem;
       }
+      auto* event_list = reinterpret_cast<android_event_list_t*>(&context->storage[pos]);
+      pos += sizeof(android_event_list_t);
       elem.complete = context->list_nest_depth >= ANDROID_MAX_LIST_NEST_DEPTH;
       if (peek) {
         return elem;
@@ -528,15 +530,17 @@
       if (context->count[context->list_nest_depth]) {
         context->count[context->list_nest_depth]--;
       }
-      context->list_stop = !context->storage[pos];
+      context->list_stop = event_list->element_count == 0;
       context->list_nest_depth++;
       if (context->list_nest_depth <= ANDROID_MAX_LIST_NEST_DEPTH) {
-        context->count[context->list_nest_depth] = context->storage[pos];
+        context->count[context->list_nest_depth] = event_list->element_count;
       }
-      context->pos = pos + sizeof(uint8_t);
+      context->pos = pos;
       return elem;
+    }
 
     case EVENT_TYPE_LIST_STOP: /* Suprise Newline terminates lists. */
+      pos++;
       if (!peek) {
         context->pos = pos;
       }
diff --git a/liblog/logd_reader.cpp b/liblog/logd_reader.cpp
index 916a428..619cf8c 100644
--- a/liblog/logd_reader.cpp
+++ b/liblog/logd_reader.cpp
@@ -67,12 +67,12 @@
     .name = "logd",
     .available = logdAvailable,
     .version = logdVersion,
+    .close = logdClose,
     .read = logdRead,
     .poll = logdPoll,
-    .close = logdClose,
     .clear = logdClear,
-    .getSize = logdGetSize,
     .setSize = logdSetSize,
+    .getSize = logdGetSize,
     .getReadableSize = logdGetReadableSize,
     .getPrune = logdGetPrune,
     .setPrune = logdSetPrune,
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
   strlcpy(addr.sun_path, path.c_str(), sizeof(addr.sun_path));
 
   int fd = socket(AF_LOCAL, type | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0);
-  if (fd == 0) {
+  if (fd == -1) {
     return -1;
   }
 
@@ -316,16 +316,11 @@
   return check_log_success(buf, send_log_msg(NULL, NULL, buf, len));
 }
 
-static void caught_signal(int signum __unused) {}
-
 static int logdOpen(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list,
                     struct android_log_transport_context* transp) {
   struct android_log_logger* logger;
-  struct sigaction ignore;
-  struct sigaction old_sigaction;
-  unsigned int old_alarm = 0;
   char buffer[256], *cp, c;
-  int e, ret, remaining, sock;
+  int ret, remaining, sock;
 
   if (!logger_list) {
     return -EINVAL;
@@ -337,12 +332,6 @@
   }
 
   sock = socket_local_client("logdr", SOCK_SEQPACKET);
-  if (sock == 0) {
-    /* Guarantee not file descriptor zero */
-    int newsock = socket_local_client("logdr", SOCK_SEQPACKET);
-    close(sock);
-    sock = newsock;
-  }
   if (sock <= 0) {
     if ((sock == -1) && errno) {
       return -errno;
@@ -393,29 +382,13 @@
     cp += ret;
   }
 
-  if (logger_list->mode & ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK) {
-    /* Deal with an unresponsive logd */
-    memset(&ignore, 0, sizeof(ignore));
-    ignore.sa_handler = caught_signal;
-    sigemptyset(&ignore.sa_mask);
-    /* particularily useful if tombstone is reporting for logd */
-    sigaction(SIGALRM, &ignore, &old_sigaction);
-    old_alarm = alarm(30);
-  }
-  ret = write(sock, buffer, cp - buffer);
-  e = errno;
-  if (logger_list->mode & ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK) {
-    if (e == EINTR) {
-      e = ETIMEDOUT;
-    }
-    alarm(old_alarm);
-    sigaction(SIGALRM, &old_sigaction, NULL);
-  }
+  ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(write(sock, buffer, cp - buffer));
+  int write_errno = errno;
 
   if (ret <= 0) {
     close(sock);
-    if ((ret == -1) && e) {
-      return -e;
+    if (ret == -1) {
+      return -write_errno;
     }
     if (ret == 0) {
       return -EIO;
@@ -433,52 +406,21 @@
 /* Read from the selected logs */
 static int logdRead(struct android_log_logger_list* logger_list,
                     struct android_log_transport_context* transp, struct log_msg* log_msg) {
-  int ret, e;
-  struct sigaction ignore;
-  struct sigaction old_sigaction;
-  unsigned int old_alarm = 0;
-
-  ret = logdOpen(logger_list, transp);
+  int ret = logdOpen(logger_list, transp);
   if (ret < 0) {
     return ret;
   }
 
   memset(log_msg, 0, sizeof(*log_msg));
 
-  unsigned int new_alarm = 0;
-  if (logger_list->mode & ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK) {
-    if ((logger_list->mode & ANDROID_LOG_WRAP) &&
-        (logger_list->start.tv_sec || logger_list->start.tv_nsec)) {
-      /* b/64143705 */
-      new_alarm = (ANDROID_LOG_WRAP_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT * 11) / 10 + 10;
-      logger_list->mode &= ~ANDROID_LOG_WRAP;
-    } else {
-      new_alarm = 30;
-    }
-
-    memset(&ignore, 0, sizeof(ignore));
-    ignore.sa_handler = caught_signal;
-    sigemptyset(&ignore.sa_mask);
-    /* particularily useful if tombstone is reporting for logd */
-    sigaction(SIGALRM, &ignore, &old_sigaction);
-    old_alarm = alarm(new_alarm);
-  }
-
   /* NOTE: SOCK_SEQPACKET guarantees we read exactly one full entry */
-  ret = recv(ret, log_msg, LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_LEN, 0);
-  e = errno;
-
-  if (new_alarm) {
-    if ((ret == 0) || (e == EINTR)) {
-      e = EAGAIN;
-      ret = -1;
-    }
-    alarm(old_alarm);
-    sigaction(SIGALRM, &old_sigaction, NULL);
+  ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(recv(ret, log_msg, LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_LEN, 0));
+  if ((logger_list->mode & ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK) && ret == 0) {
+    return -EAGAIN;
   }
 
-  if ((ret == -1) && e) {
-    return -e;
+  if (ret == -1) {
+    return -errno;
   }
   return ret;
 }
diff --git a/liblog/logprint.cpp b/liblog/logprint.cpp
index dd2c797..82fbafd 100644
--- a/liblog/logprint.cpp
+++ b/liblog/logprint.cpp
@@ -35,8 +35,10 @@
 #include <wchar.h>
 
 #include <cutils/list.h>
+
 #include <log/log.h>
 #include <log/logprint.h>
+#include <private/android_logger.h>
 
 #include "log_portability.h"
 
@@ -635,8 +637,7 @@
 
   if (eventDataLen < 1) return -1;
 
-  type = *eventData++;
-  eventDataLen--;
+  type = *eventData;
 
   cp = NULL;
   len = 0;
@@ -725,22 +726,24 @@
     case EVENT_TYPE_INT:
       /* 32-bit signed int */
       {
-        int32_t ival;
-
-        if (eventDataLen < 4) return -1;
-        ival = *reinterpret_cast<const int32_t*>(eventData);
-        eventData += 4;
-        eventDataLen -= 4;
-
-        lval = ival;
+        if (eventDataLen < sizeof(android_event_int_t)) return -1;
+        auto* event_int = reinterpret_cast<const android_event_int_t*>(eventData);
+        lval = event_int->data;
+        eventData += sizeof(android_event_int_t);
+        eventDataLen -= sizeof(android_event_int_t);
       }
       goto pr_lval;
     case EVENT_TYPE_LONG:
       /* 64-bit signed long */
-      if (eventDataLen < 8) return -1;
-      lval = *reinterpret_cast<const int64_t*>(eventData);
-      eventData += 8;
-      eventDataLen -= 8;
+      if (eventDataLen < sizeof(android_event_long_t)) {
+        return -1;
+      }
+      {
+        auto* event_long = reinterpret_cast<const android_event_long_t*>(eventData);
+        lval = event_long->data;
+      }
+      eventData += sizeof(android_event_long_t);
+      eventDataLen -= sizeof(android_event_long_t);
     pr_lval:
       outCount = snprintf(outBuf, outBufLen, "%" PRId64, lval);
       if (outCount < outBufLen) {
@@ -754,14 +757,11 @@
     case EVENT_TYPE_FLOAT:
       /* float */
       {
-        uint32_t ival;
-        float fval;
-
-        if (eventDataLen < 4) return -1;
-        ival = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(eventData);
-        fval = *(float*)&ival;
-        eventData += 4;
-        eventDataLen -= 4;
+        if (eventDataLen < sizeof(android_event_float_t)) return -1;
+        auto* event_float = reinterpret_cast<const android_event_float_t*>(eventData);
+        float fval = event_float->data;
+        eventData += sizeof(android_event_int_t);
+        eventDataLen -= sizeof(android_event_int_t);
 
         outCount = snprintf(outBuf, outBufLen, "%f", fval);
         if (outCount < outBufLen) {
@@ -776,12 +776,11 @@
     case EVENT_TYPE_STRING:
       /* UTF-8 chars, not NULL-terminated */
       {
-        unsigned int strLen;
-
-        if (eventDataLen < 4) return -1;
-        strLen = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(eventData);
-        eventData += 4;
-        eventDataLen -= 4;
+        if (eventDataLen < sizeof(android_event_string_t)) return -1;
+        auto* event_string = reinterpret_cast<const android_event_string_t*>(eventData);
+        unsigned int strLen = event_string->length;
+        eventData += sizeof(android_event_string_t);
+        eventDataLen -= sizeof(android_event_string_t);
 
         if (eventDataLen < strLen) {
           result = -1; /* mark truncated */
@@ -814,20 +813,19 @@
     case EVENT_TYPE_LIST:
       /* N items, all different types */
       {
-        unsigned char count;
-        int i;
+        if (eventDataLen < sizeof(android_event_list_t)) return -1;
+        auto* event_list = reinterpret_cast<const android_event_list_t*>(eventData);
 
-        if (eventDataLen < 1) return -1;
-
-        count = *eventData++;
-        eventDataLen--;
+        int8_t count = event_list->element_count;
+        eventData += sizeof(android_event_list_t);
+        eventDataLen -= sizeof(android_event_list_t);
 
         if (outBufLen <= 0) goto no_room;
 
         *outBuf++ = '[';
         outBufLen--;
 
-        for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
           result = android_log_printBinaryEvent(&eventData, &eventDataLen, &outBuf, &outBufLen,
                                                 fmtStr, fmtLen);
           if (result != 0) goto bail;
@@ -1017,10 +1015,11 @@
     }
   }
   inCount = buf->len;
-  if (inCount < 4) return -1;
-  tagIndex = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(eventData);
-  eventData += 4;
-  inCount -= 4;
+  if (inCount < sizeof(android_event_header_t)) return -1;
+  auto* event_header = reinterpret_cast<const android_event_header_t*>(eventData);
+  tagIndex = event_header->tag;
+  eventData += sizeof(android_event_header_t);
+  inCount -= sizeof(android_event_header_t);
 
   entry->tagLen = 0;
   entry->tag = NULL;
diff --git a/liblog/pmsg_reader.cpp b/liblog/pmsg_reader.cpp
index 2db45a1..ce923f3 100644
--- a/liblog/pmsg_reader.cpp
+++ b/liblog/pmsg_reader.cpp
@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@
     .name = "pmsg",
     .available = pmsgAvailable,
     .version = pmsgVersion,
+    .close = pmsgClose,
     .read = pmsgRead,
     .poll = NULL,
-    .close = pmsgClose,
     .clear = pmsgClear,
     .setSize = NULL,
     .getSize = NULL,
@@ -62,58 +62,9 @@
   return -EBADF;
 }
 
-/* Determine the credentials of the caller */
-static bool uid_has_log_permission(uid_t uid) {
-  return (uid == AID_SYSTEM) || (uid == AID_LOG) || (uid == AID_ROOT) || (uid == AID_LOGD);
-}
-
-static uid_t get_best_effective_uid() {
-  uid_t euid;
-  uid_t uid;
-  gid_t gid;
-  ssize_t i;
-  static uid_t last_uid = (uid_t)-1;
-
-  if (last_uid != (uid_t)-1) {
-    return last_uid;
-  }
-  uid = __android_log_uid();
-  if (uid_has_log_permission(uid)) {
-    return last_uid = uid;
-  }
-  euid = geteuid();
-  if (uid_has_log_permission(euid)) {
-    return last_uid = euid;
-  }
-  gid = getgid();
-  if (uid_has_log_permission(gid)) {
-    return last_uid = gid;
-  }
-  gid = getegid();
-  if (uid_has_log_permission(gid)) {
-    return last_uid = gid;
-  }
-  i = getgroups((size_t)0, NULL);
-  if (i > 0) {
-    gid_t list[i];
-
-    getgroups(i, list);
-    while (--i >= 0) {
-      if (uid_has_log_permission(list[i])) {
-        return last_uid = list[i];
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return last_uid = uid;
-}
-
 static int pmsgClear(struct android_log_logger* logger __unused,
                      struct android_log_transport_context* transp __unused) {
-  if (uid_has_log_permission(get_best_effective_uid())) {
-    return unlink("/sys/fs/pstore/pmsg-ramoops-0");
-  }
-  errno = EPERM;
-  return -1;
+  return unlink("/sys/fs/pstore/pmsg-ramoops-0");
 }
 
 /*
@@ -128,14 +79,12 @@
                     struct android_log_transport_context* transp, struct log_msg* log_msg) {
   ssize_t ret;
   off_t current, next;
-  uid_t uid;
   struct __attribute__((__packed__)) {
     android_pmsg_log_header_t p;
     android_log_header_t l;
     uint8_t prio;
   } buf;
   static uint8_t preread_count;
-  bool is_system;
 
   memset(log_msg, 0, sizeof(*log_msg));
 
@@ -195,37 +144,30 @@
           ((logger_list->start.tv_sec != buf.l.realtime.tv_sec) ||
            (logger_list->start.tv_nsec <= buf.l.realtime.tv_nsec)))) &&
         (!logger_list->pid || (logger_list->pid == buf.p.pid))) {
-      uid = get_best_effective_uid();
-      is_system = uid_has_log_permission(uid);
-      if (is_system || (uid == buf.p.uid)) {
-        char* msg = is_system ? log_msg->entry_v4.msg : log_msg->entry_v3.msg;
-        *msg = buf.prio;
-        fd = atomic_load(&transp->context.fd);
-        if (fd <= 0) {
-          return -EBADF;
-        }
-        ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, msg + sizeof(buf.prio), buf.p.len - sizeof(buf)));
-        if (ret < 0) {
-          return -errno;
-        }
-        if (ret != (ssize_t)(buf.p.len - sizeof(buf))) {
-          return -EIO;
-        }
-
-        log_msg->entry_v4.len = buf.p.len - sizeof(buf) + sizeof(buf.prio);
-        log_msg->entry_v4.hdr_size =
-            is_system ? sizeof(log_msg->entry_v4) : sizeof(log_msg->entry_v3);
-        log_msg->entry_v4.pid = buf.p.pid;
-        log_msg->entry_v4.tid = buf.l.tid;
-        log_msg->entry_v4.sec = buf.l.realtime.tv_sec;
-        log_msg->entry_v4.nsec = buf.l.realtime.tv_nsec;
-        log_msg->entry_v4.lid = buf.l.id;
-        if (is_system) {
-          log_msg->entry_v4.uid = buf.p.uid;
-        }
-
-        return ret + sizeof(buf.prio) + log_msg->entry_v4.hdr_size;
+      char* msg = log_msg->entry_v4.msg;
+      *msg = buf.prio;
+      fd = atomic_load(&transp->context.fd);
+      if (fd <= 0) {
+        return -EBADF;
       }
+      ret = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(fd, msg + sizeof(buf.prio), buf.p.len - sizeof(buf)));
+      if (ret < 0) {
+        return -errno;
+      }
+      if (ret != (ssize_t)(buf.p.len - sizeof(buf))) {
+        return -EIO;
+      }
+
+      log_msg->entry_v4.len = buf.p.len - sizeof(buf) + sizeof(buf.prio);
+      log_msg->entry_v4.hdr_size = sizeof(log_msg->entry_v4);
+      log_msg->entry_v4.pid = buf.p.pid;
+      log_msg->entry_v4.tid = buf.l.tid;
+      log_msg->entry_v4.sec = buf.l.realtime.tv_sec;
+      log_msg->entry_v4.nsec = buf.l.realtime.tv_nsec;
+      log_msg->entry_v4.lid = buf.l.id;
+      log_msg->entry_v4.uid = buf.p.uid;
+
+      return ret + sizeof(buf.prio) + log_msg->entry_v4.hdr_size;
     }
 
     fd = atomic_load(&transp->context.fd);
@@ -273,13 +215,7 @@
   struct android_log_transport_context transp;
   struct content {
     struct listnode node;
-    union {
-      struct logger_entry_v4 entry;
-      struct logger_entry_v4 entry_v4;
-      struct logger_entry_v3 entry_v3;
-      struct logger_entry_v2 entry_v2;
-      struct logger_entry entry_v1;
-    };
+    struct logger_entry_v4 entry;
   } * content;
   struct names {
     struct listnode node;
diff --git a/liblog/tests/liblog_benchmark.cpp b/liblog/tests/liblog_benchmark.cpp
index 4642b9b..56892a2 100644
--- a/liblog/tests/liblog_benchmark.cpp
+++ b/liblog/tests/liblog_benchmark.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <poll.h>
+#include <sched.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/syscall.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
diff --git a/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp b/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp
index 9780b28..94c4fbb 100644
--- a/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp
+++ b/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp
@@ -27,10 +27,12 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
 #include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/macros.h>
+#include <android-base/scopeguard.h>
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #ifdef __ANDROID__  // includes sys/properties.h which does not exist outside
 #include <cutils/properties.h>
@@ -42,6 +44,8 @@
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 #include <private/android_logger.h>
 
+using android::base::make_scope_guard;
+
 // #define ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
 
 // enhanced version of LOG_FAILURE_RETRY to add support for EAGAIN and
@@ -58,6 +62,80 @@
     _rc;                                                                 \
   })
 
+// std::unique_ptr doesn't let you provide a pointer to a deleter (android_logger_list_close()) if
+// the type (struct logger_list) is an incomplete type, so we create ListCloser instead.
+struct ListCloser {
+  void operator()(struct logger_list* list) { android_logger_list_close(list); }
+};
+
+// This function is meant to be used for most log tests, it does the following:
+// 1) Open the log_buffer with a blocking reader
+// 2) Write the messages via write_messages
+// 3) Set an alarm for 2 seconds as a timeout
+// 4) Read until check_message returns true, which should be used to indicate the target message
+//    is found
+// 5) Open log_buffer with a non_blocking reader and dump all messages
+// 6) Count the number of times check_messages returns true for these messages and assert it's
+//    only 1.
+template <typename FWrite, typename FCheck>
+static void RunLogTests(log_id_t log_buffer, FWrite write_messages, FCheck check_message) {
+  pid_t pid = getpid();
+
+  auto logger_list = std::unique_ptr<struct logger_list, ListCloser>{
+      android_logger_list_open(log_buffer, ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY, 1000, pid)};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(logger_list);
+
+  write_messages();
+
+  alarm(2);
+  auto alarm_guard = android::base::make_scope_guard([] { alarm(0); });
+  bool found = false;
+  while (!found) {
+    log_msg log_msg;
+    ASSERT_GT(android_logger_list_read(logger_list.get(), &log_msg), 0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(log_buffer, log_msg.id());
+    ASSERT_EQ(pid, log_msg.entry.pid);
+
+    // TODO: Should this be an assert?
+    if (log_msg.msg() == nullptr) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    check_message(log_msg, &found);
+  }
+
+  auto logger_list_non_block = std::unique_ptr<struct logger_list, ListCloser>{
+      android_logger_list_open(log_buffer, ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK, 1000, pid)};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(logger_list_non_block);
+
+  size_t count = 0;
+  while (true) {
+    log_msg log_msg;
+    auto ret = android_logger_list_read(logger_list_non_block.get(), &log_msg);
+    if (ret == -EAGAIN) {
+      break;
+    }
+    ASSERT_GT(ret, 0);
+
+    ASSERT_EQ(log_buffer, log_msg.id());
+    ASSERT_EQ(pid, log_msg.entry.pid);
+
+    // TODO: Should this be an assert?
+    if (log_msg.msg() == nullptr) {
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    found = false;
+    check_message(log_msg, &found);
+    if (found) {
+      ++count;
+    }
+  }
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(1U, count);
+}
+
 TEST(liblog, __android_log_btwrite) {
   int intBuf = 0xDEADBEEF;
   EXPECT_LT(0,
@@ -65,14 +143,11 @@
   long long longBuf = 0xDEADBEEFA55A5AA5;
   EXPECT_LT(
       0, __android_log_btwrite(0, EVENT_TYPE_LONG, &longBuf, sizeof(longBuf)));
-  usleep(1000);
   char Buf[] = "\20\0\0\0DeAdBeEfA55a5aA5";
   EXPECT_LT(0,
             __android_log_btwrite(0, EVENT_TYPE_STRING, Buf, sizeof(Buf) - 1));
-  usleep(1000);
 }
 
-#ifdef ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
 #if defined(__ANDROID__)
 static std::string popenToString(const std::string& command) {
   std::string ret;
@@ -141,81 +216,63 @@
 
 static bool tested__android_log_close;
 #endif
-#endif  // ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
 
 TEST(liblog, __android_log_btwrite__android_logger_list_read) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
-  struct logger_list* logger_list;
-
-  pid_t pid = getpid();
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL !=
-              (logger_list = android_logger_list_open(
-                   LOG_ID_EVENTS, ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK,
-                   1000, pid)));
-
   log_time ts(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
-  EXPECT_LT(0, __android_log_btwrite(0, EVENT_TYPE_LONG, &ts, sizeof(ts)));
-#ifdef ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
-  // Check that we can close and reopen the logger
-  bool logdwActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite;
-  if (getuid() == AID_ROOT) {
-    tested__android_log_close = true;
-#ifndef NO_PSTORE
-    bool pmsgActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite = isPmsgActive();
-    EXPECT_TRUE(pmsgActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite);
-#endif /* NO_PSTORE */
-    logdwActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite = isLogdwActive();
-    EXPECT_TRUE(logdwActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite);
-  } else if (!tested__android_log_close) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: can not test __android_log_close()\n");
-  }
-  __android_log_close();
-  if (getuid() == AID_ROOT) {
-#ifndef NO_PSTORE
-    bool pmsgActiveAfter__android_log_close = isPmsgActive();
-    EXPECT_FALSE(pmsgActiveAfter__android_log_close);
-#endif /* NO_PSTORE */
-    bool logdwActiveAfter__android_log_close = isLogdwActive();
-    EXPECT_FALSE(logdwActiveAfter__android_log_close);
-  }
-#endif  // ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
+  log_time ts1(ts);
 
-  log_time ts1(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
-  EXPECT_LT(0, __android_log_btwrite(0, EVENT_TYPE_LONG, &ts1, sizeof(ts1)));
-#ifdef ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
-  if (getuid() == AID_ROOT) {
+  auto write_function = [&] {
+    EXPECT_LT(0, __android_log_btwrite(0, EVENT_TYPE_LONG, &ts, sizeof(ts)));
+    // Check that we can close and reopen the logger
+    bool logdwActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite;
+    if (getuid() == AID_ROOT) {
+      tested__android_log_close = true;
 #ifndef NO_PSTORE
-    bool pmsgActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite = isPmsgActive();
-    EXPECT_TRUE(pmsgActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite);
+      bool pmsgActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite = isPmsgActive();
+      EXPECT_TRUE(pmsgActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite);
 #endif /* NO_PSTORE */
-    logdwActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite = isLogdwActive();
-    EXPECT_TRUE(logdwActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite);
-  }
-#endif  // ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
-  usleep(1000000);
+      logdwActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite = isLogdwActive();
+      EXPECT_TRUE(logdwActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite);
+    } else if (!tested__android_log_close) {
+      fprintf(stderr, "WARNING: can not test __android_log_close()\n");
+    }
+    __android_log_close();
+    if (getuid() == AID_ROOT) {
+#ifndef NO_PSTORE
+      bool pmsgActiveAfter__android_log_close = isPmsgActive();
+      EXPECT_FALSE(pmsgActiveAfter__android_log_close);
+#endif /* NO_PSTORE */
+      bool logdwActiveAfter__android_log_close = isLogdwActive();
+      EXPECT_FALSE(logdwActiveAfter__android_log_close);
+    }
+
+    ts1 = log_time(CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
+    EXPECT_LT(0, __android_log_btwrite(0, EVENT_TYPE_LONG, &ts1, sizeof(ts1)));
+    if (getuid() == AID_ROOT) {
+#ifndef NO_PSTORE
+      bool pmsgActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite = isPmsgActive();
+      EXPECT_TRUE(pmsgActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite);
+#endif /* NO_PSTORE */
+      logdwActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite = isLogdwActive();
+      EXPECT_TRUE(logdwActiveAfter__android_log_btwrite);
+    }
+  };
 
   int count = 0;
   int second_count = 0;
 
-  for (;;) {
-    log_msg log_msg;
-    if (android_logger_list_read(logger_list, &log_msg) <= 0) {
-      break;
-    }
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(log_msg.entry.pid, pid);
-
+  auto check_function = [&](log_msg log_msg, bool* found) {
     if ((log_msg.entry.len != sizeof(android_log_event_long_t)) ||
         (log_msg.id() != LOG_ID_EVENTS)) {
-      continue;
+      return;
     }
 
     android_log_event_long_t* eventData;
     eventData = reinterpret_cast<android_log_event_long_t*>(log_msg.msg());
 
     if (!eventData || (eventData->payload.type != EVENT_TYPE_LONG)) {
-      continue;
+      return;
     }
 
     log_time tx(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&eventData->payload.data));
@@ -224,12 +281,50 @@
     } else if (ts1 == tx) {
       ++second_count;
     }
-  }
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, count);
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, second_count);
+    if (count == 1 && second_count == 1) {
+      count = 0;
+      second_count = 0;
+      *found = true;
+    }
+  };
 
-  android_logger_list_close(logger_list);
+  RunLogTests(LOG_ID_EVENTS, write_function, check_function);
+
+#else
+  GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
+#endif
+}
+
+TEST(liblog, __android_log_write__android_logger_list_read) {
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+  pid_t pid = getpid();
+
+  struct timespec ts;
+  clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
+  std::string buf = android::base::StringPrintf("pid=%u ts=%ld.%09ld", pid, ts.tv_sec, ts.tv_nsec);
+  static const char tag[] = "liblog.__android_log_write__android_logger_list_read";
+  static const char prio = ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG;
+
+  std::string expected_message =
+      std::string(&prio, sizeof(prio)) + tag + std::string("", 1) + buf + std::string("", 1);
+
+  auto write_function = [&] { ASSERT_LT(0, __android_log_write(prio, tag, buf.c_str())); };
+
+  auto check_function = [&](log_msg log_msg, bool* found) {
+    if (log_msg.entry.len != expected_message.length()) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (expected_message != std::string(log_msg.msg(), log_msg.entry.len)) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    *found = true;
+  };
+
+  RunLogTests(LOG_ID_MAIN, write_function, check_function);
+
 #else
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
 #endif
@@ -237,18 +332,10 @@
 
 static void bswrite_test(const char* message) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
-  struct logger_list* logger_list;
-
   pid_t pid = getpid();
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL !=
-              (logger_list = android_logger_list_open(
-                   LOG_ID_EVENTS, ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK,
-                   1000, pid)));
-
   log_time ts(android_log_clockid());
 
-  EXPECT_LT(0, __android_log_bswrite(0, message));
   size_t num_lines = 1, size = 0, length = 0, total = 0;
   const char* cp = message;
   while (*cp) {
@@ -270,36 +357,25 @@
     ++cp;
     ++total;
   }
-  usleep(1000000);
 
-  int count = 0;
+  auto write_function = [&] { EXPECT_LT(0, __android_log_bswrite(0, message)); };
 
-  for (;;) {
-    log_msg log_msg;
-    if (android_logger_list_read(logger_list, &log_msg) <= 0) {
-      break;
-    }
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(log_msg.entry.pid, pid);
-
-    if ((log_msg.entry.sec < (ts.tv_sec - 1)) ||
-        ((ts.tv_sec + 1) < log_msg.entry.sec) ||
-        ((size_t)log_msg.entry.len !=
-         (sizeof(android_log_event_string_t) + length)) ||
-        (log_msg.id() != LOG_ID_EVENTS)) {
-      continue;
+  auto check_function = [&](log_msg log_msg, bool* found) {
+    if ((size_t)log_msg.entry.len != (sizeof(android_log_event_string_t) + length) ||
+        log_msg.id() != LOG_ID_EVENTS) {
+      return;
     }
 
     android_log_event_string_t* eventData;
     eventData = reinterpret_cast<android_log_event_string_t*>(log_msg.msg());
 
     if (!eventData || (eventData->type != EVENT_TYPE_STRING)) {
-      continue;
+      return;
     }
 
     size_t len = eventData->length;
     if (len == total) {
-      ++count;
+      *found = true;
 
       AndroidLogFormat* logformat = android_log_format_new();
       EXPECT_TRUE(NULL != logformat);
@@ -326,11 +402,10 @@
       }
       android_log_format_free(logformat);
     }
-  }
+  };
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, count);
+  RunLogTests(LOG_ID_EVENTS, write_function, check_function);
 
-  android_logger_list_close(logger_list);
 #else
   message = NULL;
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
@@ -359,20 +434,14 @@
 
 static void buf_write_test(const char* message) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
-  struct logger_list* logger_list;
-
   pid_t pid = getpid();
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(
-      NULL !=
-      (logger_list = android_logger_list_open(
-           LOG_ID_MAIN, ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK, 1000, pid)));
-
   static const char tag[] = "TEST__android_log_buf_write";
   log_time ts(android_log_clockid());
 
-  EXPECT_LT(
-      0, __android_log_buf_write(LOG_ID_MAIN, ANDROID_LOG_INFO, tag, message));
+  auto write_function = [&] {
+    EXPECT_LT(0, __android_log_buf_write(LOG_ID_MAIN, ANDROID_LOG_INFO, tag, message));
+  };
   size_t num_lines = 1, size = 0, length = 0;
   const char* cp = message;
   while (*cp) {
@@ -389,26 +458,13 @@
     }
     ++cp;
   }
-  usleep(1000000);
 
-  int count = 0;
-
-  for (;;) {
-    log_msg log_msg;
-    if (android_logger_list_read(logger_list, &log_msg) <= 0) {
-      break;
+  auto check_function = [&](log_msg log_msg, bool* found) {
+    if ((size_t)log_msg.entry.len != (sizeof(tag) + length + 2) || log_msg.id() != LOG_ID_MAIN) {
+      return;
     }
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(log_msg.entry.pid, pid);
-
-    if ((log_msg.entry.sec < (ts.tv_sec - 1)) ||
-        ((ts.tv_sec + 1) < log_msg.entry.sec) ||
-        ((size_t)log_msg.entry.len != (sizeof(tag) + length + 2)) ||
-        (log_msg.id() != LOG_ID_MAIN)) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    ++count;
+    *found = true;
 
     AndroidLogFormat* logformat = android_log_format_new();
     EXPECT_TRUE(NULL != logformat);
@@ -425,11 +481,10 @@
                 android_log_printLogLine(logformat, fileno(stderr), &entry));
     }
     android_log_format_free(logformat);
-  }
+  };
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, count);
+  RunLogTests(LOG_ID_MAIN, write_function, check_function);
 
-  android_logger_list_close(logger_list);
 #else
   message = NULL;
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
@@ -892,7 +947,6 @@
 when you depart from me, sorrow abides and happiness\n\
 takes his leave.";
 
-#ifdef ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
 TEST(liblog, max_payload) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
   static const char max_payload_tag[] = "TEST_max_payload_and_longish_tag_XXXX";
@@ -903,32 +957,17 @@
   memcpy(tag, max_payload_tag, sizeof(tag));
   snprintf(tag + sizeof(tag) - 5, 5, "%04X", pid & 0xFFFF);
 
-  LOG_FAILURE_RETRY(__android_log_buf_write(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_INFO,
-                                            tag, max_payload_buf));
-  sleep(2);
+  auto write_function = [&] {
+    LOG_FAILURE_RETRY(
+        __android_log_buf_write(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_INFO, tag, max_payload_buf));
+  };
 
-  struct logger_list* logger_list;
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL != (logger_list = android_logger_list_open(
-                           LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY, 100, 0)));
-
-  bool matches = false;
   ssize_t max_len = 0;
-
-  for (;;) {
-    log_msg log_msg;
-    if (android_logger_list_read(logger_list, &log_msg) <= 0) {
-      break;
-    }
-
-    if ((log_msg.entry.pid != pid) || (log_msg.id() != LOG_ID_SYSTEM)) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
+  auto check_function = [&](log_msg log_msg, bool* found) {
     char* data = log_msg.msg();
 
     if (!data || strcmp(++data, tag)) {
-      continue;
+      return;
     }
 
     data += strlen(data) + 1;
@@ -945,57 +984,31 @@
     }
 
     if (max_len > 512) {
-      matches = true;
-      break;
+      *found = true;
     }
-  }
+  };
 
-  android_logger_list_close(logger_list);
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(true, matches);
+  RunLogTests(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, write_function, check_function);
 
   EXPECT_LE(SIZEOF_MAX_PAYLOAD_BUF, static_cast<size_t>(max_len));
 #else
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
 #endif
 }
-#endif  // ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
 
 TEST(liblog, __android_log_buf_print__maxtag) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
-  struct logger_list* logger_list;
+  auto write_function = [&] {
+    EXPECT_LT(0, __android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_MAIN, ANDROID_LOG_INFO, max_payload_buf,
+                                         max_payload_buf));
+  };
 
-  pid_t pid = getpid();
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(
-      NULL !=
-      (logger_list = android_logger_list_open(
-           LOG_ID_MAIN, ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK, 1000, pid)));
-
-  log_time ts(android_log_clockid());
-
-  EXPECT_LT(0, __android_log_buf_print(LOG_ID_MAIN, ANDROID_LOG_INFO,
-                                       max_payload_buf, max_payload_buf));
-  usleep(1000000);
-
-  int count = 0;
-
-  for (;;) {
-    log_msg log_msg;
-    if (android_logger_list_read(logger_list, &log_msg) <= 0) {
-      break;
+  auto check_function = [&](log_msg log_msg, bool* found) {
+    if ((size_t)log_msg.entry.len < LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD) {
+      return;
     }
 
-    ASSERT_EQ(log_msg.entry.pid, pid);
-
-    if ((log_msg.entry.sec < (ts.tv_sec - 1)) ||
-        ((ts.tv_sec + 1) < log_msg.entry.sec) ||
-        ((size_t)log_msg.entry.len < LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD) ||
-        (log_msg.id() != LOG_ID_MAIN)) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    ++count;
+    *found = true;
 
     AndroidLogFormat* logformat = android_log_format_new();
     EXPECT_TRUE(NULL != logformat);
@@ -1013,16 +1026,18 @@
       EXPECT_GT(LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD * 13 / 8, printLogLine);
     }
     android_log_format_free(logformat);
-  }
+  };
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, count);
+  RunLogTests(LOG_ID_MAIN, write_function, check_function);
 
-  android_logger_list_close(logger_list);
 #else
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
 #endif
 }
 
+// TODO: This test is tautological. android_logger_list_read() calls recv() with
+// LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD as its size argument, so it's not possible for this test to read a
+// payload larger than that size.
 TEST(liblog, too_big_payload) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
   pid_t pid = getpid();
@@ -1032,32 +1047,18 @@
   snprintf(tag + sizeof(tag) - 5, 5, "%04X", pid & 0xFFFF);
 
   std::string longString(3266519, 'x');
+  ssize_t ret;
 
-  ssize_t ret = LOG_FAILURE_RETRY(__android_log_buf_write(
-      LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_INFO, tag, longString.c_str()));
+  auto write_function = [&] {
+    ret = LOG_FAILURE_RETRY(
+        __android_log_buf_write(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, ANDROID_LOG_INFO, tag, longString.c_str()));
+  };
 
-  struct logger_list* logger_list;
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL != (logger_list = android_logger_list_open(
-                           LOG_ID_SYSTEM,
-                           ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK, 100, 0)));
-
-  ssize_t max_len = 0;
-
-  for (;;) {
-    log_msg log_msg;
-    if (android_logger_list_read(logger_list, &log_msg) <= 0) {
-      break;
-    }
-
-    if ((log_msg.entry.pid != pid) || (log_msg.id() != LOG_ID_SYSTEM)) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
+  auto check_function = [&](log_msg log_msg, bool* found) {
     char* data = log_msg.msg();
 
     if (!data || strcmp(++data, tag)) {
-      continue;
+      return;
     }
 
     data += strlen(data) + 1;
@@ -1069,33 +1070,38 @@
       ++right;
     }
 
-    if (max_len <= (left - data)) {
-      max_len = left - data + 1;
+    ssize_t len = left - data + 1;
+    // Check that we don't see any entries larger than the max payload.
+    EXPECT_LE(static_cast<size_t>(len), LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD - sizeof(big_payload_tag));
+
+    // Once we've found our expected entry, break.
+    if (len == LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD - sizeof(big_payload_tag)) {
+      EXPECT_EQ(ret, len + static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(big_payload_tag)));
+      *found = true;
     }
-  }
+  };
 
-  android_logger_list_close(logger_list);
+  RunLogTests(LOG_ID_SYSTEM, write_function, check_function);
 
-  EXPECT_LE(LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD - sizeof(big_payload_tag),
-            static_cast<size_t>(max_len));
-
-  // SLOP: Allow the underlying interface to optionally place a
-  // terminating nul at the LOGGER_ENTRY_MAX_PAYLOAD's last byte
-  // or not.
-  if (ret == (max_len + static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(big_payload_tag)) - 1)) {
-    --max_len;
-  }
-  EXPECT_EQ(ret, max_len + static_cast<ssize_t>(sizeof(big_payload_tag)));
 #else
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifdef ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
 TEST(liblog, dual_reader) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
+  static const int expected_count1 = 25;
+  static const int expected_count2 = 25;
 
-  static const int num = 25;
+  pid_t pid = getpid();
+
+  auto logger_list1 = std::unique_ptr<struct logger_list, ListCloser>{
+      android_logger_list_open(LOG_ID_MAIN, ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY, expected_count1, pid)};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(logger_list1);
+
+  auto logger_list2 = std::unique_ptr<struct logger_list, ListCloser>{
+      android_logger_list_open(LOG_ID_MAIN, ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY, expected_count2, pid)};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(logger_list2);
 
   for (int i = 25; i > 0; --i) {
     static const char fmt[] = "dual_reader %02d";
@@ -1104,32 +1110,46 @@
     LOG_FAILURE_RETRY(__android_log_buf_write(LOG_ID_MAIN, ANDROID_LOG_INFO,
                                               "liblog", buffer));
   }
-  usleep(1000000);
 
-  struct logger_list* logger_list1;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL != (logger_list1 = android_logger_list_open(
-                           LOG_ID_MAIN,
-                           ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK, num, 0)));
+  alarm(2);
+  auto alarm_guard = android::base::make_scope_guard([] { alarm(0); });
 
-  struct logger_list* logger_list2;
+  // Wait until we see all messages with the blocking reader.
+  int count1 = 0;
+  int count2 = 0;
 
-  if (NULL == (logger_list2 = android_logger_list_open(
-                   LOG_ID_MAIN, ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK,
-                   num - 10, 0))) {
-    android_logger_list_close(logger_list1);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NULL != logger_list2);
+  while (count1 != expected_count2 || count2 != expected_count2) {
+    log_msg log_msg;
+    if (count1 < expected_count1) {
+      ASSERT_GT(android_logger_list_read(logger_list1.get(), &log_msg), 0);
+      count1++;
+    }
+    if (count2 < expected_count2) {
+      ASSERT_GT(android_logger_list_read(logger_list2.get(), &log_msg), 0);
+      count2++;
+    }
   }
 
-  int count1 = 0;
+  // Test again with the nonblocking reader.
+  auto logger_list_non_block1 =
+      std::unique_ptr<struct logger_list, ListCloser>{android_logger_list_open(
+          LOG_ID_MAIN, ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK, expected_count1, pid)};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(logger_list_non_block1);
+
+  auto logger_list_non_block2 =
+      std::unique_ptr<struct logger_list, ListCloser>{android_logger_list_open(
+          LOG_ID_MAIN, ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK, expected_count2, pid)};
+  ASSERT_TRUE(logger_list_non_block2);
+  count1 = 0;
+  count2 = 0;
   bool done1 = false;
-  int count2 = 0;
   bool done2 = false;
 
-  do {
+  while (!done1 || !done2) {
     log_msg log_msg;
 
     if (!done1) {
-      if (android_logger_list_read(logger_list1, &log_msg) <= 0) {
+      if (android_logger_list_read(logger_list_non_block1.get(), &log_msg) <= 0) {
         done1 = true;
       } else {
         ++count1;
@@ -1137,26 +1157,21 @@
     }
 
     if (!done2) {
-      if (android_logger_list_read(logger_list2, &log_msg) <= 0) {
+      if (android_logger_list_read(logger_list_non_block2.get(), &log_msg) <= 0) {
         done2 = true;
       } else {
         ++count2;
       }
     }
-  } while ((!done1) || (!done2));
+  }
 
-  android_logger_list_close(logger_list1);
-  android_logger_list_close(logger_list2);
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(num, count1);
-  EXPECT_EQ(num - 10, count2);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_count1, count1);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_count2, count2);
 #else
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
 #endif
 }
-#endif  // ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
 
-#ifdef ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
 static bool checkPriForTag(AndroidLogFormat* p_format, const char* tag,
                            android_LogPriority pri) {
   return android_log_shouldPrintLine(p_format, tag, pri) &&
@@ -1232,7 +1247,6 @@
 
   android_log_format_free(p_format);
 }
-#endif  // ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
 TEST(liblog, is_loggable) {
@@ -1886,109 +1900,71 @@
 #endif  // ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
 
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
-static void android_errorWriteWithInfoLog_helper(int TAG, const char* SUBTAG,
-                                                 int UID, const char* payload,
-                                                 int DATA_LEN, int& count) {
-  struct logger_list* logger_list;
+static void android_errorWriteWithInfoLog_helper(int tag, const char* subtag, int uid,
+                                                 const char* payload, int data_len) {
+  auto write_function = [&] {
+    int ret = android_errorWriteWithInfoLog(tag, subtag, uid, payload, data_len);
+    ASSERT_LT(0, ret);
+  };
 
-  pid_t pid = getpid();
-
-  count = 0;
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL !=
-              (logger_list = android_logger_list_open(
-                   LOG_ID_EVENTS, ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK,
-                   1000, pid)));
-
-  int retval_android_errorWriteWithinInfoLog =
-      android_errorWriteWithInfoLog(TAG, SUBTAG, UID, payload, DATA_LEN);
-  if (payload) {
-    ASSERT_LT(0, retval_android_errorWriteWithinInfoLog);
-  } else {
-    ASSERT_GT(0, retval_android_errorWriteWithinInfoLog);
-  }
-
-  sleep(2);
-
-  for (;;) {
-    log_msg log_msg;
-    if (android_logger_list_read(logger_list, &log_msg) <= 0) {
-      break;
-    }
-
-    char* eventData = log_msg.msg();
-    if (!eventData) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    char* original = eventData;
+  auto check_function = [&](log_msg log_msg, bool* found) {
+    char* event_data = log_msg.msg();
+    char* original = event_data;
 
     // Tag
-    int tag = *reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(eventData);
-    eventData += 4;
-
-    if (tag != TAG) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if (!payload) {
-      // This tag should not have been written because the data was null
-      ++count;
-      break;
+    auto* event_header = reinterpret_cast<android_event_header_t*>(event_data);
+    event_data += sizeof(android_event_header_t);
+    if (event_header->tag != tag) {
+      return;
     }
 
     // List type
-    ASSERT_EQ(EVENT_TYPE_LIST, eventData[0]);
-    eventData++;
-
-    // Number of elements in list
-    ASSERT_EQ(3, eventData[0]);
-    eventData++;
+    auto* event_list = reinterpret_cast<android_event_list_t*>(event_data);
+    ASSERT_EQ(EVENT_TYPE_LIST, event_list->type);
+    ASSERT_EQ(3, event_list->element_count);
+    event_data += sizeof(android_event_list_t);
 
     // Element #1: string type for subtag
-    ASSERT_EQ(EVENT_TYPE_STRING, eventData[0]);
-    eventData++;
-
-    unsigned subtag_len = strlen(SUBTAG);
-    if (subtag_len > 32) subtag_len = 32;
-    ASSERT_EQ(subtag_len, *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(eventData));
-    eventData += 4;
-
-    if (memcmp(SUBTAG, eventData, subtag_len)) {
-      continue;
+    auto* event_string_subtag = reinterpret_cast<android_event_string_t*>(event_data);
+    ASSERT_EQ(EVENT_TYPE_STRING, event_string_subtag->type);
+    int32_t subtag_len = strlen(subtag);
+    if (subtag_len > 32) {
+      subtag_len = 32;
     }
-    eventData += subtag_len;
+    ASSERT_EQ(subtag_len, event_string_subtag->length);
+    if (memcmp(subtag, &event_string_subtag->data, subtag_len)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    event_data += sizeof(android_event_string_t) + subtag_len;
 
     // Element #2: int type for uid
-    ASSERT_EQ(EVENT_TYPE_INT, eventData[0]);
-    eventData++;
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(UID, *reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(eventData));
-    eventData += 4;
+    auto* event_int_uid = reinterpret_cast<android_event_int_t*>(event_data);
+    ASSERT_EQ(EVENT_TYPE_INT, event_int_uid->type);
+    ASSERT_EQ(uid, event_int_uid->data);
+    event_data += sizeof(android_event_int_t);
 
     // Element #3: string type for data
-    ASSERT_EQ(EVENT_TYPE_STRING, eventData[0]);
-    eventData++;
-
-    size_t dataLen = *reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(eventData);
-    eventData += 4;
-    if (DATA_LEN < 512) ASSERT_EQ(DATA_LEN, (int)dataLen);
-
-    if (memcmp(payload, eventData, dataLen)) {
-      continue;
+    auto* event_string_data = reinterpret_cast<android_event_string_t*>(event_data);
+    ASSERT_EQ(EVENT_TYPE_STRING, event_string_data->type);
+    int32_t message_data_len = event_string_data->length;
+    if (data_len < 512) {
+      ASSERT_EQ(data_len, message_data_len);
     }
+    if (memcmp(payload, &event_string_data->data, message_data_len) != 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+    event_data += sizeof(android_event_string_t);
 
-    if (DATA_LEN >= 512) {
-      eventData += dataLen;
+    if (data_len >= 512) {
+      event_data += message_data_len;
       // 4 bytes for the tag, and max_payload_buf should be truncated.
-      ASSERT_LE(4 + 512, eventData - original);       // worst expectations
-      ASSERT_GT(4 + DATA_LEN, eventData - original);  // must be truncated
+      ASSERT_LE(4 + 512, event_data - original);       // worst expectations
+      ASSERT_GT(4 + data_len, event_data - original);  // must be truncated
     }
+    *found = true;
+  };
 
-    ++count;
-  }
-
-  android_logger_list_close(logger_list);
+  RunLogTests(LOG_ID_EVENTS, write_function, check_function);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -2003,10 +1979,7 @@
 
 TEST(liblog, android_errorWriteWithInfoLog__android_logger_list_read__typical) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
-  int count;
-  android_errorWriteWithInfoLog_helper(UNIQUE_TAG(1), "test-subtag", -1,
-                                       max_payload_buf, 200, count);
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, count);
+  android_errorWriteWithInfoLog_helper(UNIQUE_TAG(1), "test-subtag", -1, max_payload_buf, 200);
 #else
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
 #endif
@@ -2015,23 +1988,20 @@
 TEST(liblog,
      android_errorWriteWithInfoLog__android_logger_list_read__data_too_large) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
-  int count;
-  android_errorWriteWithInfoLog_helper(UNIQUE_TAG(2), "test-subtag", -1,
-                                       max_payload_buf, sizeof(max_payload_buf),
-                                       count);
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, count);
+  android_errorWriteWithInfoLog_helper(UNIQUE_TAG(2), "test-subtag", -1, max_payload_buf,
+                                       sizeof(max_payload_buf));
 #else
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
 #endif
 }
 
+// TODO: Do we need to check that we didn't actually write anything if we return a failure here?
 TEST(liblog,
      android_errorWriteWithInfoLog__android_logger_list_read__null_data) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
-  int count;
-  android_errorWriteWithInfoLog_helper(UNIQUE_TAG(3), "test-subtag", -1, NULL,
-                                       200, count);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, count);
+  int retval_android_errorWriteWithinInfoLog =
+      android_errorWriteWithInfoLog(UNIQUE_TAG(3), "test-subtag", -1, nullptr, 200);
+  ASSERT_GT(0, retval_android_errorWriteWithinInfoLog);
 #else
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
 #endif
@@ -2040,11 +2010,8 @@
 TEST(liblog,
      android_errorWriteWithInfoLog__android_logger_list_read__subtag_too_long) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
-  int count;
   android_errorWriteWithInfoLog_helper(
-      UNIQUE_TAG(4), "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz now i know my abc", -1,
-      max_payload_buf, 200, count);
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, count);
+      UNIQUE_TAG(4), "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz now i know my abc", -1, max_payload_buf, 200);
 #else
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
 #endif
@@ -2058,126 +2025,44 @@
   buf_write_test(max_payload_buf);
 }
 
-#ifdef __ANDROID__
-static void android_errorWriteLog_helper(int TAG, const char* SUBTAG,
-                                         int& count) {
-  struct logger_list* logger_list;
-
-  pid_t pid = getpid();
-
-  count = 0;
-
-  // Do a Before and After on the count to measure the effect. Decrement
-  // what we find in Before to set the stage.
-  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL !=
-              (logger_list = android_logger_list_open(
-                   LOG_ID_EVENTS, ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK,
-                   1000, pid)));
-
-  for (;;) {
-    log_msg log_msg;
-    if (android_logger_list_read(logger_list, &log_msg) <= 0) break;
-
-    char* eventData = log_msg.msg();
-    if (!eventData) continue;
-
-    // Tag
-    int tag = *reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(eventData);
-    eventData += 4;
-
-    if (tag != TAG) continue;
-
-    if (!SUBTAG) {
-      // This tag should not have been written because the data was null
-      --count;
-      break;
-    }
-
-    // List type
-    eventData++;
-    // Number of elements in list
-    eventData++;
-    // Element #1: string type for subtag
-    eventData++;
-
-    eventData += 4;
-
-    if (memcmp(SUBTAG, eventData, strlen(SUBTAG))) continue;
-    --count;
-  }
-
-  android_logger_list_close(logger_list);
-
-  // Do an After on the count to measure the effect.
-  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL !=
-              (logger_list = android_logger_list_open(
-                   LOG_ID_EVENTS, ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK,
-                   1000, pid)));
-
-  int retval_android_errorWriteLog = android_errorWriteLog(TAG, SUBTAG);
-  if (SUBTAG) {
-    ASSERT_LT(0, retval_android_errorWriteLog);
-  } else {
-    ASSERT_GT(0, retval_android_errorWriteLog);
-  }
-
-  sleep(2);
-
-  for (;;) {
-    log_msg log_msg;
-    if (android_logger_list_read(logger_list, &log_msg) <= 0) {
-      break;
-    }
-
-    char* eventData = log_msg.msg();
-    if (!eventData) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    // Tag
-    int tag = *reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(eventData);
-    eventData += 4;
-
-    if (tag != TAG) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    if (!SUBTAG) {
-      // This tag should not have been written because the data was null
-      ++count;
-      break;
-    }
-
-    // List type
-    ASSERT_EQ(EVENT_TYPE_LIST, eventData[0]);
-    eventData++;
-
-    // Number of elements in list
-    ASSERT_EQ(3, eventData[0]);
-    eventData++;
-
-    // Element #1: string type for subtag
-    ASSERT_EQ(EVENT_TYPE_STRING, eventData[0]);
-    eventData++;
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(strlen(SUBTAG), *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(eventData));
-    eventData += 4;
-
-    if (memcmp(SUBTAG, eventData, strlen(SUBTAG))) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    ++count;
-  }
-
-  android_logger_list_close(logger_list);
-}
-#endif
-
 TEST(liblog, android_errorWriteLog__android_logger_list_read__success) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
-  int count;
-  android_errorWriteLog_helper(UNIQUE_TAG(5), "test-subtag", count);
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, count);
+  int kTag = UNIQUE_TAG(5);
+  const char* kSubTag = "test-subtag";
+
+  auto write_function = [&] {
+    int retval_android_errorWriteLog = android_errorWriteLog(kTag, kSubTag);
+    ASSERT_LT(0, retval_android_errorWriteLog);
+  };
+
+  auto check_function = [&](log_msg log_msg, bool* found) {
+    char* event_data = log_msg.msg();
+
+    // Tag
+    auto* event_header = reinterpret_cast<android_event_header_t*>(event_data);
+    event_data += sizeof(android_event_header_t);
+    if (event_header->tag != kTag) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // List type
+    auto* event_list = reinterpret_cast<android_event_list_t*>(event_data);
+    ASSERT_EQ(EVENT_TYPE_LIST, event_list->type);
+    ASSERT_EQ(3, event_list->element_count);
+    event_data += sizeof(android_event_list_t);
+
+    // Element #1: string type for subtag
+    auto* event_string_subtag = reinterpret_cast<android_event_string_t*>(event_data);
+    ASSERT_EQ(EVENT_TYPE_STRING, event_string_subtag->type);
+    int32_t subtag_len = strlen(kSubTag);
+    ASSERT_EQ(subtag_len, event_string_subtag->length);
+    if (memcmp(kSubTag, &event_string_subtag->data, subtag_len) == 0) {
+      *found = true;
+    }
+  };
+
+  RunLogTests(LOG_ID_EVENTS, write_function, check_function);
+
 #else
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
 #endif
@@ -2185,9 +2070,7 @@
 
 TEST(liblog, android_errorWriteLog__android_logger_list_read__null_subtag) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
-  int count;
-  android_errorWriteLog_helper(UNIQUE_TAG(6), NULL, count);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0, count);
+  EXPECT_LT(android_errorWriteLog(UNIQUE_TAG(6), nullptr), 0);
 #else
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
 #endif
@@ -2605,52 +2488,21 @@
 
 static void create_android_logger(const char* (*fn)(uint32_t tag,
                                                     size_t& expected_len)) {
-  struct logger_list* logger_list;
+  size_t expected_len;
+  const char* expected_string;
+  auto write_function = [&] {
+    expected_string = (*fn)(1005, expected_len);
+    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, expected_string);
+  };
 
   pid_t pid = getpid();
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(NULL !=
-              (logger_list = android_logger_list_open(
-                   LOG_ID_EVENTS, ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK,
-                   1000, pid)));
-
-#ifdef __ANDROID__
-  log_time ts(android_log_clockid());
-#else
-  log_time ts(CLOCK_REALTIME);
-#endif
-
-  size_t expected_len;
-  const char* expected_string = (*fn)(1005, expected_len);
-
-  if (!expected_string) {
-    android_logger_list_close(logger_list);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  usleep(1000000);
-
-  int count = 0;
-
-  for (;;) {
-    log_msg log_msg;
-    if (android_logger_list_read(logger_list, &log_msg) <= 0) {
-      break;
-    }
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(log_msg.entry.pid, pid);
-
-    if ((log_msg.entry.sec < (ts.tv_sec - 1)) ||
-        ((ts.tv_sec + 1) < log_msg.entry.sec) ||
-        ((size_t)log_msg.entry.len != expected_len) ||
-        (log_msg.id() != LOG_ID_EVENTS)) {
-      continue;
+  auto check_function = [&](log_msg log_msg, bool* found) {
+    if (static_cast<size_t>(log_msg.entry.len) != expected_len) {
+      return;
     }
 
     char* eventData = log_msg.msg();
 
-    ++count;
-
     AndroidLogFormat* logformat = android_log_format_new();
     EXPECT_TRUE(NULL != logformat);
     AndroidLogEntry entry;
@@ -2673,23 +2525,23 @@
     // test buffer reading API
     int buffer_to_string = -1;
     if (eventData) {
-      snprintf(msgBuf, sizeof(msgBuf), "I/[%" PRIu32 "]", *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t*>(eventData));
+      auto* event_header = reinterpret_cast<android_event_header_t*>(eventData);
+      eventData += sizeof(android_event_header_t);
+      snprintf(msgBuf, sizeof(msgBuf), "I/[%" PRId32 "]", event_header->tag);
       print_barrier();
       fprintf(stderr, "%-10s(%5u): ", msgBuf, pid);
       memset(msgBuf, 0, sizeof(msgBuf));
-      buffer_to_string = android_log_buffer_to_string(
-          eventData + sizeof(uint32_t), log_msg.entry.len - sizeof(uint32_t),
-          msgBuf, sizeof(msgBuf));
+      buffer_to_string =
+          android_log_buffer_to_string(eventData, log_msg.entry.len, msgBuf, sizeof(msgBuf));
       fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msgBuf);
       print_barrier();
     }
     EXPECT_EQ(0, buffer_to_string);
     EXPECT_STREQ(expected_string, msgBuf);
-  }
+    *found = true;
+  };
 
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, count);
-
-  android_logger_list_close(logger_list);
+  RunLogTests(LOG_ID_EVENTS, write_function, check_function);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -2773,7 +2625,6 @@
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifdef ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
 TEST(liblog, create_android_logger_overflow) {
   android_log_context ctx;
 
@@ -2800,7 +2651,6 @@
   EXPECT_LE(0, android_log_destroy(&ctx));
   ASSERT_TRUE(NULL == ctx);
 }
-#endif  // ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
@@ -2941,7 +2791,6 @@
 }
 #endif  // ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
 
-#ifdef ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
 TEST(liblog, android_lookupEventTagNum) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
   EventTagMap* map = android_openEventTagMap(NULL);
@@ -2958,4 +2807,3 @@
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
 #endif
 }
-#endif  // ENABLE_FLAKY_TESTS
diff --git a/liblog/tests/log_read_test.cpp b/liblog/tests/log_read_test.cpp
index 443c3ea..1be99aa 100644
--- a/liblog/tests/log_read_test.cpp
+++ b/liblog/tests/log_read_test.cpp
@@ -29,54 +29,6 @@
 // Do not use anything in log/log_time.h despite side effects of the above.
 #include <private/android_logger.h>
 
-TEST(liblog, __android_log_write__android_logger_list_read) {
-#ifdef __ANDROID__
-  pid_t pid = getpid();
-
-  struct logger_list* logger_list;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(
-      NULL !=
-      (logger_list = android_logger_list_open(
-           LOG_ID_MAIN, ANDROID_LOG_RDONLY | ANDROID_LOG_NONBLOCK, 1000, pid)));
-
-  struct timespec ts;
-  clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
-  std::string buf = android::base::StringPrintf("pid=%u ts=%ld.%09ld", pid,
-                                                ts.tv_sec, ts.tv_nsec);
-  static const char tag[] =
-      "liblog.__android_log_write__android_logger_list_read";
-  static const char prio = ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG;
-  ASSERT_LT(0, __android_log_write(prio, tag, buf.c_str()));
-  usleep(1000000);
-
-  buf = std::string(&prio, sizeof(prio)) + tag + std::string("", 1) + buf +
-        std::string("", 1);
-
-  int count = 0;
-
-  for (;;) {
-    log_msg log_msg;
-    if (android_logger_list_read(logger_list, &log_msg) <= 0) break;
-
-    EXPECT_EQ(log_msg.entry.pid, pid);
-    // There may be a future where we leak "liblog" tagged LOG_ID_EVENT
-    // binary messages through so that logger losses can be correlated?
-    EXPECT_EQ(log_msg.id(), LOG_ID_MAIN);
-
-    if (log_msg.entry.len != buf.length()) continue;
-
-    if (buf != std::string(log_msg.msg(), log_msg.entry.len)) continue;
-
-    ++count;
-  }
-  android_logger_list_close(logger_list);
-
-  EXPECT_EQ(1, count);
-#else
-  GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
-#endif
-}
-
 TEST(liblog, android_logger_get_) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
   // This test assumes the log buffers are filled with noise from
diff --git a/liblog/tests/log_wrap_test.cpp b/liblog/tests/log_wrap_test.cpp
index c7dd8e8..e06964f 100644
--- a/liblog/tests/log_wrap_test.cpp
+++ b/liblog/tests/log_wrap_test.cpp
@@ -58,60 +58,27 @@
 
   android_logger_list_close(logger_list);
 }
-
-static void caught_signal(int /* signum */) {
-}
 #endif
 
 // b/64143705 confirm fixed
 TEST(liblog, wrap_mode_blocks) {
 #ifdef __ANDROID__
+  // The read call is expected to take up to 2 hours in the happy case.  There was a previous bug
+  // where it would take only 30 seconds due to an alarm() in logd_reader.cpp.  That alarm has been
+  // removed, so we check here that the read call blocks for a reasonable amount of time (5s).
+
+  struct sigaction ignore = {.sa_handler = [](int) { _exit(0); }};
+  struct sigaction old_sigaction;
+  sigaction(SIGALRM, &ignore, &old_sigaction);
+  alarm(5);
 
   android::base::Timer timer;
+  read_with_wrap();
 
-  // The read call is expected to take up to 2 hours in the happy case.
-  // We only want to make sure it waits for longer than 30s, but we can't
-  // use an alarm as the implementation uses it. So we run the test in
-  // a separate process.
-  pid_t pid = fork();
-
-  if (pid == 0) {
-    // child
-    read_with_wrap();
-    _exit(0);
-  }
-
-  struct sigaction ignore, old_sigaction;
-  memset(&ignore, 0, sizeof(ignore));
-  ignore.sa_handler = caught_signal;
-  sigemptyset(&ignore.sa_mask);
-  sigaction(SIGALRM, &ignore, &old_sigaction);
-  alarm(45);
-
-  bool killed = false;
-  for (;;) {
-    siginfo_t info = {};
-    // This wait will succeed if the child exits, or fail with EINTR if the
-    // alarm goes off first - a loose approximation to a timed wait.
-    int ret = waitid(P_PID, pid, &info, WEXITED);
-    if (ret >= 0 || errno != EINTR) {
-      EXPECT_EQ(ret, 0);
-      if (!killed) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(info.si_status, 0);
-      }
-      break;
-    }
-    unsigned int alarm_left = alarm(0);
-    if (alarm_left > 0) {
-      alarm(alarm_left);
-    } else {
-      kill(pid, SIGTERM);
-      killed = true;
-    }
-  }
+  FAIL() << "read_with_wrap() should not return before the alarm is triggered.";
 
   alarm(0);
-  EXPECT_GT(timer.duration(), std::chrono::seconds(40));
+  sigaction(SIGALRM, &old_sigaction, nullptr);
 #else
   GTEST_LOG_(INFO) << "This test does nothing.\n";
 #endif
diff --git a/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/procmeminfo.h b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/procmeminfo.h
index f782ec5..8c1280f 100644
--- a/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/procmeminfo.h
+++ b/libmeminfo/include/meminfo/procmeminfo.h
@@ -48,6 +48,10 @@
     // Same as Maps() except, do not read the usage stats for each map.
     const std::vector<Vma>& MapsWithoutUsageStats();
 
+    // If MapsWithoutUsageStats was called, this function will fill in
+    // usage stats for this single vma.
+    bool FillInVmaStats(Vma& vma);
+
     // Collect all 'vma' or 'maps' from /proc/<pid>/smaps and store them in 'maps_'. Returns a
     // constant reference to the vma vector after the collection is done.
     //
diff --git a/libmeminfo/libmeminfo_test.cpp b/libmeminfo/libmeminfo_test.cpp
index cf5341d..378a4cd 100644
--- a/libmeminfo/libmeminfo_test.cpp
+++ b/libmeminfo/libmeminfo_test.cpp
@@ -101,6 +101,33 @@
     }
 }
 
+TEST(ProcMemInfo, MapsUsageFillInLater) {
+    ProcMemInfo proc_mem(pid);
+    const std::vector<Vma>& maps = proc_mem.MapsWithoutUsageStats();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(maps.empty());
+    for (auto& map : maps) {
+        Vma update_map(map);
+        ASSERT_EQ(map.start, update_map.start);
+        ASSERT_EQ(map.end, update_map.end);
+        ASSERT_EQ(map.offset, update_map.offset);
+        ASSERT_EQ(map.flags, update_map.flags);
+        ASSERT_EQ(map.name, update_map.name);
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, update_map.usage.vss);
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, update_map.usage.rss);
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, update_map.usage.pss);
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, update_map.usage.uss);
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, update_map.usage.swap);
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, update_map.usage.swap_pss);
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, update_map.usage.private_clean);
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, update_map.usage.private_dirty);
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, update_map.usage.shared_clean);
+        ASSERT_EQ(0, update_map.usage.shared_dirty);
+        ASSERT_TRUE(proc_mem.FillInVmaStats(update_map));
+        // Check that at least one usage stat was updated.
+        ASSERT_NE(0, update_map.usage.vss);
+    }
+}
+
 TEST(ProcMemInfo, PageMapPresent) {
     static constexpr size_t kNumPages = 20;
     size_t pagesize = getpagesize();
diff --git a/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp b/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp
index 6f68ab4..9e9a705 100644
--- a/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp
+++ b/libmeminfo/procmeminfo.cpp
@@ -244,6 +244,15 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+static int GetPagemapFd(pid_t pid) {
+    std::string pagemap_file = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/pagemap", pid);
+    int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(pagemap_file.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC));
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open " << pagemap_file;
+    }
+    return fd;
+}
+
 bool ProcMemInfo::ReadMaps(bool get_wss, bool use_pageidle, bool get_usage_stats) {
     // Each object reads /proc/<pid>/maps only once. This is done to make sure programs that are
     // running for the lifetime of the system can recycle the objects and don't have to
@@ -269,11 +278,8 @@
         return true;
     }
 
-    std::string pagemap_file = ::android::base::StringPrintf("/proc/%d/pagemap", pid_);
-    ::android::base::unique_fd pagemap_fd(
-            TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(pagemap_file.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
-    if (pagemap_fd < 0) {
-        PLOG(ERROR) << "Failed to open " << pagemap_file;
+    ::android::base::unique_fd pagemap_fd(GetPagemapFd(pid_));
+    if (pagemap_fd == -1) {
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -290,6 +296,20 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+bool ProcMemInfo::FillInVmaStats(Vma& vma) {
+    ::android::base::unique_fd pagemap_fd(GetPagemapFd(pid_));
+    if (pagemap_fd == -1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!ReadVmaStats(pagemap_fd.get(), vma, get_wss_, false)) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to read page map for vma " << vma.name << "[" << vma.start << "-"
+                   << vma.end << "]";
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 bool ProcMemInfo::ReadVmaStats(int pagemap_fd, Vma& vma, bool get_wss, bool use_pageidle) {
     PageAcct& pinfo = PageAcct::Instance();
     if (get_wss && use_pageidle && !pinfo.InitPageAcct(true)) {
diff --git a/libmeminfo/tools/showmap.cpp b/libmeminfo/tools/showmap.cpp
index 8ea2108..72ab0f3 100644
--- a/libmeminfo/tools/showmap.cpp
+++ b/libmeminfo/tools/showmap.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <inttypes.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/signal.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -139,6 +140,9 @@
     if (!g_verbose && !g_show_addr) {
         printf("   # ");
     }
+    if (g_verbose) {
+        printf(" flags ");
+    }
     printf(" object\n");
 }
 
@@ -150,6 +154,9 @@
     if (!g_verbose && !g_show_addr) {
         printf("---- ");
     }
+    if (g_verbose) {
+        printf("------ ");
+    }
     printf("------------------------------\n");
 }
 
@@ -169,6 +176,18 @@
     if (!g_verbose && !g_show_addr) {
         printf("%4" PRIu32 " ", v.count);
     }
+    if (g_verbose) {
+        if (total) {
+            printf("       ");
+        } else {
+            std::string flags_str("---");
+            if (v.vma.flags & PROT_READ) flags_str[0] = 'r';
+            if (v.vma.flags & PROT_WRITE) flags_str[1] = 'w';
+            if (v.vma.flags & PROT_EXEC) flags_str[2] = 'x';
+
+            printf("%6s ", flags_str.c_str());
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 static int showmap(void) {
diff --git a/libnativebridge/.clang-format b/libnativebridge/.clang-format
deleted file mode 120000
index fd0645f..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/.clang-format
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../.clang-format-2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libnativebridge/Android.bp b/libnativebridge/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index 10d42e4..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-cc_defaults {
-    name: "libnativebridge-defaults",
-    cflags: [
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wall",
-    ],
-    cppflags: [
-        "-fvisibility=protected",
-    ],
-    header_libs: ["libnativebridge-headers"],
-    export_header_lib_headers: ["libnativebridge-headers"],
-}
-
-cc_library_headers {
-    name: "libnativebridge-headers",
-
-    host_supported: true,
-    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
-}
-
-cc_library {
-    name: "libnativebridge",
-    defaults: ["libnativebridge-defaults"],
-
-    host_supported: true,
-    srcs: ["native_bridge.cc"],
-    header_libs: [
-        "libbase_headers",
-    ],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "liblog",
-    ],
-    // TODO(jiyong): remove this line after aosp/885921 lands
-    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
-
-    target: {
-        android: {
-            version_script: "libnativebridge.map.txt",
-        },
-        linux: {
-            version_script: "libnativebridge.map.txt",
-        },
-    },
-
-    stubs: {
-        symbol_file: "libnativebridge.map.txt",
-        versions: ["1"],
-    },
-}
-
-// TODO(b/124250621): eliminate the need for this library
-cc_library {
-    name: "libnativebridge_lazy",
-    defaults: ["libnativebridge-defaults"],
-
-    host_supported: false,
-    srcs: ["native_bridge_lazy.cc"],
-    required: ["libnativebridge"],
-}
-
-subdirs = ["tests"]
diff --git a/libnativebridge/CPPLINT.cfg b/libnativebridge/CPPLINT.cfg
deleted file mode 100644
index 578047b..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/CPPLINT.cfg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-filter=-build/header_guard
-filter=-whitespace/comments
-filter=-whitespace/parens
diff --git a/libnativebridge/OWNERS b/libnativebridge/OWNERS
deleted file mode 100644
index daf87f4..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/OWNERS
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-dimitry@google.com
-eaeltsin@google.com
-ngeoffray@google.com
-oth@google.com
diff --git a/libnativebridge/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h b/libnativebridge/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h
deleted file mode 100644
index e9c9500..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/include/nativebridge/native_bridge.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,418 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef NATIVE_BRIDGE_H_
-#define NATIVE_BRIDGE_H_
-
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#include "jni.h"
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-namespace android {
-extern "C" {
-#endif  // __cplusplus
-
-struct NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks;
-struct NativeBridgeRuntimeValues;
-
-// Function pointer type for sigaction. This is mostly the signature of a signal handler, except
-// for the return type. The runtime needs to know whether the signal was handled or should be given
-// to the chain.
-typedef bool (*NativeBridgeSignalHandlerFn)(int, siginfo_t*, void*);
-
-// Open the native bridge, if any. Should be called by Runtime::Init(). A null library filename
-// signals that we do not want to load a native bridge.
-bool LoadNativeBridge(const char* native_bridge_library_filename,
-                      const struct NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks* runtime_callbacks);
-
-// Quick check whether a native bridge will be needed. This is based off of the instruction set
-// of the process.
-bool NeedsNativeBridge(const char* instruction_set);
-
-// Do the early initialization part of the native bridge, if necessary. This should be done under
-// high privileges.
-bool PreInitializeNativeBridge(const char* app_data_dir, const char* instruction_set);
-
-// Initialize the native bridge, if any. Should be called by Runtime::DidForkFromZygote. The JNIEnv*
-// will be used to modify the app environment for the bridge.
-bool InitializeNativeBridge(JNIEnv* env, const char* instruction_set);
-
-// Unload the native bridge, if any. Should be called by Runtime::DidForkFromZygote.
-void UnloadNativeBridge();
-
-// Check whether a native bridge is available (opened or initialized). Requires a prior call to
-// LoadNativeBridge.
-bool NativeBridgeAvailable();
-
-// Check whether a native bridge is available (initialized). Requires a prior call to
-// LoadNativeBridge & InitializeNativeBridge.
-bool NativeBridgeInitialized();
-
-// Load a shared library that is supported by the native bridge.
-//
-// Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
-// Use NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt() instead in namespace scenario.
-void* NativeBridgeLoadLibrary(const char* libpath, int flag);
-
-// Get a native bridge trampoline for specified native method.
-void* NativeBridgeGetTrampoline(void* handle, const char* name, const char* shorty, uint32_t len);
-
-// True if native library paths are valid and is for an ABI that is supported by native bridge.
-// The *libpath* must point to a library.
-//
-// Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
-// Use NativeBridgeIsPathSupported() instead in namespace scenario.
-bool NativeBridgeIsSupported(const char* libpath);
-
-// Returns the version number of the native bridge. This information is available after a
-// successful LoadNativeBridge() and before closing it, that is, as long as NativeBridgeAvailable()
-// returns true. Returns 0 otherwise.
-uint32_t NativeBridgeGetVersion();
-
-// Returns a signal handler that the bridge would like to be managed. Only valid for a native
-// bridge supporting the version 2 interface. Will return null if the bridge does not support
-// version 2, or if it doesn't have a signal handler it wants to be known.
-NativeBridgeSignalHandlerFn NativeBridgeGetSignalHandler(int signal);
-
-// Returns whether we have seen a native bridge error. This could happen because the library
-// was not found, rejected, could not be initialized and so on.
-//
-// This functionality is mainly for testing.
-bool NativeBridgeError();
-
-// Returns whether a given string is acceptable as a native bridge library filename.
-//
-// This functionality is exposed mainly for testing.
-bool NativeBridgeNameAcceptable(const char* native_bridge_library_filename);
-
-// Decrements the reference count on the dynamic library handler. If the reference count drops
-// to zero then the dynamic library is unloaded. Returns 0 on success and non-zero on error.
-int NativeBridgeUnloadLibrary(void* handle);
-
-// Get last error message of native bridge when fail to load library or search symbol.
-// This is reflection of dlerror() for native bridge.
-const char* NativeBridgeGetError();
-
-struct native_bridge_namespace_t;
-
-// True if native library paths are valid and is for an ABI that is supported by native bridge.
-// Different from NativeBridgeIsSupported(), the *path* here must be a directory containing
-// libraries of an ABI.
-//
-// Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
-// Use NativeBridgeIsSupported() instead in non-namespace scenario.
-bool NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(const char* path);
-
-// Initializes anonymous namespace.
-// NativeBridge's peer of android_init_anonymous_namespace() of dynamic linker.
-//
-// The anonymous namespace is used in the case when a NativeBridge implementation
-// cannot identify the caller of dlopen/dlsym which happens for the code not loaded
-// by dynamic linker; for example calls from the mono-compiled code.
-//
-// Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
-// Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
-bool NativeBridgeInitAnonymousNamespace(const char* public_ns_sonames,
-                                        const char* anon_ns_library_path);
-
-// Create new namespace in which native libraries will be loaded.
-// NativeBridge's peer of android_create_namespace() of dynamic linker.
-//
-// The libraries in the namespace are searched by folowing order:
-// 1. ld_library_path (Think of this as namespace-local LD_LIBRARY_PATH)
-// 2. In directories specified by DT_RUNPATH of the "needed by" binary.
-// 3. deault_library_path (This of this as namespace-local default library path)
-//
-// Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
-// Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
-struct native_bridge_namespace_t* NativeBridgeCreateNamespace(
-    const char* name, const char* ld_library_path, const char* default_library_path, uint64_t type,
-    const char* permitted_when_isolated_path, struct native_bridge_namespace_t* parent_ns);
-
-// Creates a link which shares some libraries from one namespace to another.
-// NativeBridge's peer of android_link_namespaces() of dynamic linker.
-//
-// Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
-// Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
-bool NativeBridgeLinkNamespaces(struct native_bridge_namespace_t* from,
-                                struct native_bridge_namespace_t* to,
-                                const char* shared_libs_sonames);
-
-// Load a shared library with namespace key that is supported by the native bridge.
-// NativeBridge's peer of android_dlopen_ext() of dynamic linker, only supports namespace
-// extension.
-//
-// Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
-// Use NativeBridgeLoadLibrary() instead in non-namespace scenario.
-void* NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt(const char* libpath, int flag,
-                                 struct native_bridge_namespace_t* ns);
-
-// Returns exported namespace by the name. This is a reflection of
-// android_get_exported_namespace function. Introduced in v5.
-struct native_bridge_namespace_t* NativeBridgeGetExportedNamespace(const char* name);
-
-// Native bridge interfaces to runtime.
-struct NativeBridgeCallbacks {
-  // Version number of the interface.
-  uint32_t version;
-
-  // Initialize native bridge. Native bridge's internal implementation must ensure MT safety and
-  // that the native bridge is initialized only once. Thus it is OK to call this interface for an
-  // already initialized native bridge.
-  //
-  // Parameters:
-  //   runtime_cbs [IN] the pointer to NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks.
-  // Returns:
-  //   true if initialization was successful.
-  bool (*initialize)(const struct NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks* runtime_cbs,
-                     const char* private_dir, const char* instruction_set);
-
-  // Load a shared library that is supported by the native bridge.
-  //
-  // Parameters:
-  //   libpath [IN] path to the shared library
-  //   flag [IN] the stardard RTLD_XXX defined in bionic dlfcn.h
-  // Returns:
-  //   The opaque handle of the shared library if sucessful, otherwise NULL
-  //
-  // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
-  // Use loadLibraryExt instead in namespace scenario.
-  void* (*loadLibrary)(const char* libpath, int flag);
-
-  // Get a native bridge trampoline for specified native method. The trampoline has same
-  // sigature as the native method.
-  //
-  // Parameters:
-  //   handle [IN] the handle returned from loadLibrary
-  //   shorty [IN] short descriptor of native method
-  //   len [IN] length of shorty
-  // Returns:
-  //   address of trampoline if successful, otherwise NULL
-  void* (*getTrampoline)(void* handle, const char* name, const char* shorty, uint32_t len);
-
-  // Check whether native library is valid and is for an ABI that is supported by native bridge.
-  //
-  // Parameters:
-  //   libpath [IN] path to the shared library
-  // Returns:
-  //   TRUE if library is supported by native bridge, FALSE otherwise
-  //
-  // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
-  // Use isPathSupported instead in namespace scenario.
-  bool (*isSupported)(const char* libpath);
-
-  // Provide environment values required by the app running with native bridge according to the
-  // instruction set.
-  //
-  // Parameters:
-  //   instruction_set [IN] the instruction set of the app
-  // Returns:
-  //   NULL if not supported by native bridge.
-  //   Otherwise, return all environment values to be set after fork.
-  const struct NativeBridgeRuntimeValues* (*getAppEnv)(const char* instruction_set);
-
-  // Added callbacks in version 2.
-
-  // Check whether the bridge is compatible with the given version. A bridge may decide not to be
-  // forwards- or backwards-compatible, and libnativebridge will then stop using it.
-  //
-  // Parameters:
-  //   bridge_version [IN] the version of libnativebridge.
-  // Returns:
-  //   true if the native bridge supports the given version of libnativebridge.
-  bool (*isCompatibleWith)(uint32_t bridge_version);
-
-  // A callback to retrieve a native bridge's signal handler for the specified signal. The runtime
-  // will ensure that the signal handler is being called after the runtime's own handler, but before
-  // all chained handlers. The native bridge should not try to install the handler by itself, as
-  // that will potentially lead to cycles.
-  //
-  // Parameters:
-  //   signal [IN] the signal for which the handler is asked for. Currently, only SIGSEGV is
-  //                 supported by the runtime.
-  // Returns:
-  //   NULL if the native bridge doesn't use a handler or doesn't want it to be managed by the
-  //   runtime.
-  //   Otherwise, a pointer to the signal handler.
-  NativeBridgeSignalHandlerFn (*getSignalHandler)(int signal);
-
-  // Added callbacks in version 3.
-
-  // Decrements the reference count on the dynamic library handler. If the reference count drops
-  // to zero then the dynamic library is unloaded.
-  //
-  // Parameters:
-  //   handle [IN] the handler of a dynamic library.
-  //
-  // Returns:
-  //   0 on success, and nonzero on error.
-  int (*unloadLibrary)(void* handle);
-
-  // Dump the last failure message of native bridge when fail to load library or search symbol.
-  //
-  // Parameters:
-  //
-  // Returns:
-  //   A string describing the most recent error that occurred when load library
-  //   or lookup symbol via native bridge.
-  const char* (*getError)();
-
-  // Check whether library paths are supported by native bridge.
-  //
-  // Parameters:
-  //   library_path [IN] search paths for native libraries (directories separated by ':')
-  // Returns:
-  //   TRUE if libraries within search paths are supported by native bridge, FALSE otherwise
-  //
-  // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
-  // Use isSupported instead in non-namespace scenario.
-  bool (*isPathSupported)(const char* library_path);
-
-  // Initializes anonymous namespace at native bridge side.
-  // NativeBridge's peer of android_init_anonymous_namespace() of dynamic linker.
-  //
-  // The anonymous namespace is used in the case when a NativeBridge implementation
-  // cannot identify the caller of dlopen/dlsym which happens for the code not loaded
-  // by dynamic linker; for example calls from the mono-compiled code.
-  //
-  // Parameters:
-  //   public_ns_sonames [IN] the name of "public" libraries.
-  //   anon_ns_library_path [IN] the library search path of (anonymous) namespace.
-  // Returns:
-  //   true if the pass is ok.
-  //   Otherwise, false.
-  //
-  // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
-  // Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
-  bool (*initAnonymousNamespace)(const char* public_ns_sonames, const char* anon_ns_library_path);
-
-  // Create new namespace in which native libraries will be loaded.
-  // NativeBridge's peer of android_create_namespace() of dynamic linker.
-  //
-  // Parameters:
-  //   name [IN] the name of the namespace.
-  //   ld_library_path [IN] the first set of library search paths of the namespace.
-  //   default_library_path [IN] the second set of library search path of the namespace.
-  //   type [IN] the attribute of the namespace.
-  //   permitted_when_isolated_path [IN] the permitted path for isolated namespace(if it is).
-  //   parent_ns [IN] the pointer of the parent namespace to be inherited from.
-  // Returns:
-  //   native_bridge_namespace_t* for created namespace or nullptr in the case of error.
-  //
-  // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
-  // Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
-  struct native_bridge_namespace_t* (*createNamespace)(const char* name,
-                                                       const char* ld_library_path,
-                                                       const char* default_library_path,
-                                                       uint64_t type,
-                                                       const char* permitted_when_isolated_path,
-                                                       struct native_bridge_namespace_t* parent_ns);
-
-  // Creates a link which shares some libraries from one namespace to another.
-  // NativeBridge's peer of android_link_namespaces() of dynamic linker.
-  //
-  // Parameters:
-  //   from [IN] the namespace where libraries are accessed.
-  //   to [IN] the namespace where libraries are loaded.
-  //   shared_libs_sonames [IN] the libraries to be shared.
-  //
-  // Returns:
-  //   Whether successed or not.
-  //
-  // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
-  // Should not use in non-namespace scenario.
-  bool (*linkNamespaces)(struct native_bridge_namespace_t* from,
-                         struct native_bridge_namespace_t* to, const char* shared_libs_sonames);
-
-  // Load a shared library within a namespace.
-  // NativeBridge's peer of android_dlopen_ext() of dynamic linker, only supports namespace
-  // extension.
-  //
-  // Parameters:
-  //   libpath [IN] path to the shared library
-  //   flag [IN] the stardard RTLD_XXX defined in bionic dlfcn.h
-  //   ns [IN] the pointer of the namespace in which the library should be loaded.
-  // Returns:
-  //   The opaque handle of the shared library if sucessful, otherwise NULL
-  //
-  // Starting with v3, NativeBridge has two scenarios: with/without namespace.
-  // Use loadLibrary instead in non-namespace scenario.
-  void* (*loadLibraryExt)(const char* libpath, int flag, struct native_bridge_namespace_t* ns);
-
-  // Get native bridge version of vendor namespace.
-  // The vendor namespace is the namespace used to load vendor public libraries.
-  // With O release this namespace can be different from the default namespace.
-  // For the devices without enable vendor namespaces this function should return null
-  //
-  // Returns:
-  //   vendor namespace or null if it was not set up for the device
-  //
-  // Starting with v5 (Android Q) this function is no longer used.
-  // Use getExportedNamespace() below.
-  struct native_bridge_namespace_t* (*getVendorNamespace)();
-
-  // Get native bridge version of exported namespace. Peer of
-  // android_get_exported_namespace(const char*) function.
-  //
-  // Returns:
-  //   exported namespace or null if it was not set up for the device
-  struct native_bridge_namespace_t* (*getExportedNamespace)(const char* name);
-};
-
-// Runtime interfaces to native bridge.
-struct NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks {
-  // Get shorty of a Java method. The shorty is supposed to be persistent in memory.
-  //
-  // Parameters:
-  //   env [IN] pointer to JNIenv.
-  //   mid [IN] Java methodID.
-  // Returns:
-  //   short descriptor for method.
-  const char* (*getMethodShorty)(JNIEnv* env, jmethodID mid);
-
-  // Get number of native methods for specified class.
-  //
-  // Parameters:
-  //   env [IN] pointer to JNIenv.
-  //   clazz [IN] Java class object.
-  // Returns:
-  //   number of native methods.
-  uint32_t (*getNativeMethodCount)(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz);
-
-  // Get at most 'method_count' native methods for specified class 'clazz'. Results are outputed
-  // via 'methods' [OUT]. The signature pointer in JNINativeMethod is reused as the method shorty.
-  //
-  // Parameters:
-  //   env [IN] pointer to JNIenv.
-  //   clazz [IN] Java class object.
-  //   methods [OUT] array of method with the name, shorty, and fnPtr.
-  //   method_count [IN] max number of elements in methods.
-  // Returns:
-  //   number of method it actually wrote to methods.
-  uint32_t (*getNativeMethods)(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, JNINativeMethod* methods,
-                               uint32_t method_count);
-};
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}  // extern "C"
-}  // namespace android
-#endif  // __cplusplus
-
-#endif  // NATIVE_BRIDGE_H_
diff --git a/libnativebridge/libnativebridge.map.txt b/libnativebridge/libnativebridge.map.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index a6841a3..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/libnativebridge.map.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-# TODO(b/122710865): Most of these uses come from libnativeloader, which should be bundled
-# together with libnativebridge in the APEX. Once this happens, prune this list.
-LIBNATIVEBRIDGE_1 {
-  global:
-    NativeBridgeIsSupported;
-    NativeBridgeLoadLibrary;
-    NativeBridgeUnloadLibrary;
-    NativeBridgeGetError;
-    NativeBridgeIsPathSupported;
-    NativeBridgeCreateNamespace;
-    NativeBridgeGetExportedNamespace;
-    NativeBridgeLinkNamespaces;
-    NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt;
-    NativeBridgeInitAnonymousNamespace;
-    NativeBridgeInitialized;
-    NativeBridgeGetTrampoline;
-    LoadNativeBridge;
-    PreInitializeNativeBridge;
-    InitializeNativeBridge;
-    NativeBridgeGetVersion;
-    NativeBridgeGetSignalHandler;
-    UnloadNativeBridge;
-    NativeBridgeAvailable;
-    NeedsNativeBridge;
-    NativeBridgeError;
-    NativeBridgeNameAcceptable;
-  local:
-    *;
-};
diff --git a/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc b/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index 9adba9a..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/native_bridge.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,646 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "nativebridge"
-
-#include "nativebridge/native_bridge.h"
-
-#include <dlfcn.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <sys/mount.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <cstring>
-
-#include <android-base/macros.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-template <typename T>
-void UNUSED(const T&) {}
-#endif
-
-extern "C" {
-
-// Environment values required by the apps running with native bridge.
-struct NativeBridgeRuntimeValues {
-    const char* os_arch;
-    const char* cpu_abi;
-    const char* cpu_abi2;
-    const char* *supported_abis;
-    int32_t abi_count;
-};
-
-// The symbol name exposed by native-bridge with the type of NativeBridgeCallbacks.
-static constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeInterfaceSymbol = "NativeBridgeItf";
-
-enum class NativeBridgeState {
-  kNotSetup,                        // Initial state.
-  kOpened,                          // After successful dlopen.
-  kPreInitialized,                  // After successful pre-initialization.
-  kInitialized,                     // After successful initialization.
-  kClosed                           // Closed or errors.
-};
-
-static constexpr const char* kNotSetupString = "kNotSetup";
-static constexpr const char* kOpenedString = "kOpened";
-static constexpr const char* kPreInitializedString = "kPreInitialized";
-static constexpr const char* kInitializedString = "kInitialized";
-static constexpr const char* kClosedString = "kClosed";
-
-static const char* GetNativeBridgeStateString(NativeBridgeState state) {
-  switch (state) {
-    case NativeBridgeState::kNotSetup:
-      return kNotSetupString;
-
-    case NativeBridgeState::kOpened:
-      return kOpenedString;
-
-    case NativeBridgeState::kPreInitialized:
-      return kPreInitializedString;
-
-    case NativeBridgeState::kInitialized:
-      return kInitializedString;
-
-    case NativeBridgeState::kClosed:
-      return kClosedString;
-  }
-}
-
-// Current state of the native bridge.
-static NativeBridgeState state = NativeBridgeState::kNotSetup;
-
-// The version of NativeBridge implementation.
-// Different Nativebridge interface needs the service of different version of
-// Nativebridge implementation.
-// Used by isCompatibleWith() which is introduced in v2.
-enum NativeBridgeImplementationVersion {
-  // first version, not used.
-  DEFAULT_VERSION = 1,
-  // The version which signal semantic is introduced.
-  SIGNAL_VERSION = 2,
-  // The version which namespace semantic is introduced.
-  NAMESPACE_VERSION = 3,
-  // The version with vendor namespaces
-  VENDOR_NAMESPACE_VERSION = 4,
-  // The version with runtime namespaces
-  RUNTIME_NAMESPACE_VERSION = 5,
-};
-
-// Whether we had an error at some point.
-static bool had_error = false;
-
-// Handle of the loaded library.
-static void* native_bridge_handle = nullptr;
-// Pointer to the callbacks. Available as soon as LoadNativeBridge succeeds, but only initialized
-// later.
-static const NativeBridgeCallbacks* callbacks = nullptr;
-// Callbacks provided by the environment to the bridge. Passed to LoadNativeBridge.
-static const NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks* runtime_callbacks = nullptr;
-
-// The app's code cache directory.
-static char* app_code_cache_dir = nullptr;
-
-// Code cache directory (relative to the application private directory)
-// Ideally we'd like to call into framework to retrieve this name. However that's considered an
-// implementation detail and will require either hacks or consistent refactorings. We compromise
-// and hard code the directory name again here.
-static constexpr const char* kCodeCacheDir = "code_cache";
-
-// Characters allowed in a native bridge filename. The first character must
-// be in [a-zA-Z] (expected 'l' for "libx"). The rest must be in [a-zA-Z0-9._-].
-static bool CharacterAllowed(char c, bool first) {
-  if (first) {
-    return ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') || ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z');
-  } else {
-    return ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') || ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') || ('0' <= c && c <= '9') ||
-           (c == '.') || (c == '_') || (c == '-');
-  }
-}
-
-static void ReleaseAppCodeCacheDir() {
-  if (app_code_cache_dir != nullptr) {
-    delete[] app_code_cache_dir;
-    app_code_cache_dir = nullptr;
-  }
-}
-
-// We only allow simple names for the library. It is supposed to be a file in
-// /system/lib or /vendor/lib. Only allow a small range of characters, that is
-// names consisting of [a-zA-Z0-9._-] and starting with [a-zA-Z].
-bool NativeBridgeNameAcceptable(const char* nb_library_filename) {
-  const char* ptr = nb_library_filename;
-  if (*ptr == 0) {
-    // Emptry string. Allowed, means no native bridge.
-    return true;
-  } else {
-    // First character must be [a-zA-Z].
-    if (!CharacterAllowed(*ptr, true))  {
-      // Found an invalid fist character, don't accept.
-      ALOGE("Native bridge library %s has been rejected for first character %c",
-            nb_library_filename,
-            *ptr);
-      return false;
-    } else {
-      // For the rest, be more liberal.
-      ptr++;
-      while (*ptr != 0) {
-        if (!CharacterAllowed(*ptr, false)) {
-          // Found an invalid character, don't accept.
-          ALOGE("Native bridge library %s has been rejected for %c", nb_library_filename, *ptr);
-          return false;
-        }
-        ptr++;
-      }
-    }
-    return true;
-  }
-}
-
-// The policy of invoking Nativebridge changed in v3 with/without namespace.
-// Suggest Nativebridge implementation not maintain backward-compatible.
-static bool isCompatibleWith(const uint32_t version) {
-  // Libnativebridge is now designed to be forward-compatible. So only "0" is an unsupported
-  // version.
-  if (callbacks == nullptr || callbacks->version == 0 || version == 0) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // If this is a v2+ bridge, it may not be forwards- or backwards-compatible. Check.
-  if (callbacks->version >= SIGNAL_VERSION) {
-    return callbacks->isCompatibleWith(version);
-  }
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-static void CloseNativeBridge(bool with_error) {
-  state = NativeBridgeState::kClosed;
-  had_error |= with_error;
-  ReleaseAppCodeCacheDir();
-}
-
-bool LoadNativeBridge(const char* nb_library_filename,
-                      const NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks* runtime_cbs) {
-  // We expect only one place that calls LoadNativeBridge: Runtime::Init. At that point we are not
-  // multi-threaded, so we do not need locking here.
-
-  if (state != NativeBridgeState::kNotSetup) {
-    // Setup has been called before. Ignore this call.
-    if (nb_library_filename != nullptr) {  // Avoids some log-spam for dalvikvm.
-      ALOGW("Called LoadNativeBridge for an already set up native bridge. State is %s.",
-            GetNativeBridgeStateString(state));
-    }
-    // Note: counts as an error, even though the bridge may be functional.
-    had_error = true;
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (nb_library_filename == nullptr || *nb_library_filename == 0) {
-    CloseNativeBridge(false);
-    return false;
-  } else {
-    if (!NativeBridgeNameAcceptable(nb_library_filename)) {
-      CloseNativeBridge(true);
-    } else {
-      // Try to open the library.
-      void* handle = dlopen(nb_library_filename, RTLD_LAZY);
-      if (handle != nullptr) {
-        callbacks = reinterpret_cast<NativeBridgeCallbacks*>(dlsym(handle,
-                                                                   kNativeBridgeInterfaceSymbol));
-        if (callbacks != nullptr) {
-          if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
-            // Store the handle for later.
-            native_bridge_handle = handle;
-          } else {
-            callbacks = nullptr;
-            dlclose(handle);
-            ALOGW("Unsupported native bridge interface.");
-          }
-        } else {
-          dlclose(handle);
-        }
-      }
-
-      // Two failure conditions: could not find library (dlopen failed), or could not find native
-      // bridge interface (dlsym failed). Both are an error and close the native bridge.
-      if (callbacks == nullptr) {
-        CloseNativeBridge(true);
-      } else {
-        runtime_callbacks = runtime_cbs;
-        state = NativeBridgeState::kOpened;
-      }
-    }
-    return state == NativeBridgeState::kOpened;
-  }
-}
-
-bool NeedsNativeBridge(const char* instruction_set) {
-  if (instruction_set == nullptr) {
-    ALOGE("Null instruction set in NeedsNativeBridge.");
-    return false;
-  }
-  return strncmp(instruction_set, ABI_STRING, strlen(ABI_STRING) + 1) != 0;
-}
-
-bool PreInitializeNativeBridge(const char* app_data_dir_in, const char* instruction_set) {
-  if (state != NativeBridgeState::kOpened) {
-    ALOGE("Invalid state: native bridge is expected to be opened.");
-    CloseNativeBridge(true);
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (app_data_dir_in == nullptr) {
-    ALOGE("Application private directory cannot be null.");
-    CloseNativeBridge(true);
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Create the path to the application code cache directory.
-  // The memory will be release after Initialization or when the native bridge is closed.
-  const size_t len = strlen(app_data_dir_in) + strlen(kCodeCacheDir) + 2; // '\0' + '/'
-  app_code_cache_dir = new char[len];
-  snprintf(app_code_cache_dir, len, "%s/%s", app_data_dir_in, kCodeCacheDir);
-
-  // Bind-mount /system/lib{,64}/<isa>/cpuinfo to /proc/cpuinfo.
-  // Failure is not fatal and will keep the native bridge in kPreInitialized.
-  state = NativeBridgeState::kPreInitialized;
-
-#ifndef __APPLE__
-  if (instruction_set == nullptr) {
-    return true;
-  }
-  size_t isa_len = strlen(instruction_set);
-  if (isa_len > 10) {
-    // 10 is a loose upper bound on the currently known instruction sets (a tight bound is 7 for
-    // x86_64 [including the trailing \0]). This is so we don't have to change here if there will
-    // be another instruction set in the future.
-    ALOGW("Instruction set %s is malformed, must be less than or equal to 10 characters.",
-          instruction_set);
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  // If the file does not exist, the mount command will fail,
-  // so we save the extra file existence check.
-  char cpuinfo_path[1024];
-
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-  snprintf(cpuinfo_path, sizeof(cpuinfo_path), "/system/lib"
-#ifdef __LP64__
-      "64"
-#endif  // __LP64__
-      "/%s/cpuinfo", instruction_set);
-#else   // !__ANDROID__
-  // To be able to test on the host, we hardwire a relative path.
-  snprintf(cpuinfo_path, sizeof(cpuinfo_path), "./cpuinfo");
-#endif
-
-  // Bind-mount.
-  if (TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(mount(cpuinfo_path,        // Source.
-                               "/proc/cpuinfo",     // Target.
-                               nullptr,             // FS type.
-                               MS_BIND,             // Mount flags: bind mount.
-                               nullptr)) == -1) {   // "Data."
-    ALOGW("Failed to bind-mount %s as /proc/cpuinfo: %s", cpuinfo_path, strerror(errno));
-  }
-#else  // __APPLE__
-  UNUSED(instruction_set);
-  ALOGW("Mac OS does not support bind-mounting. Host simulation of native bridge impossible.");
-#endif
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-static void SetCpuAbi(JNIEnv* env, jclass build_class, const char* field, const char* value) {
-  if (value != nullptr) {
-    jfieldID field_id = env->GetStaticFieldID(build_class, field, "Ljava/lang/String;");
-    if (field_id == nullptr) {
-      env->ExceptionClear();
-      ALOGW("Could not find %s field.", field);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    jstring str = env->NewStringUTF(value);
-    if (str == nullptr) {
-      env->ExceptionClear();
-      ALOGW("Could not create string %s.", value);
-      return;
-    }
-
-    env->SetStaticObjectField(build_class, field_id, str);
-  }
-}
-
-// Set up the environment for the bridged app.
-static void SetupEnvironment(const NativeBridgeCallbacks* callbacks, JNIEnv* env, const char* isa) {
-  // Need a JNIEnv* to do anything.
-  if (env == nullptr) {
-    ALOGW("No JNIEnv* to set up app environment.");
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Query the bridge for environment values.
-  const struct NativeBridgeRuntimeValues* env_values = callbacks->getAppEnv(isa);
-  if (env_values == nullptr) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Keep the JNIEnv clean.
-  jint success = env->PushLocalFrame(16);  // That should be small and large enough.
-  if (success < 0) {
-    // Out of memory, really borked.
-    ALOGW("Out of memory while setting up app environment.");
-    env->ExceptionClear();
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // Reset CPU_ABI & CPU_ABI2 to values required by the apps running with native bridge.
-  if (env_values->cpu_abi != nullptr || env_values->cpu_abi2 != nullptr ||
-      env_values->abi_count >= 0) {
-    jclass bclass_id = env->FindClass("android/os/Build");
-    if (bclass_id != nullptr) {
-      SetCpuAbi(env, bclass_id, "CPU_ABI", env_values->cpu_abi);
-      SetCpuAbi(env, bclass_id, "CPU_ABI2", env_values->cpu_abi2);
-    } else {
-      // For example in a host test environment.
-      env->ExceptionClear();
-      ALOGW("Could not find Build class.");
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (env_values->os_arch != nullptr) {
-    jclass sclass_id = env->FindClass("java/lang/System");
-    if (sclass_id != nullptr) {
-      jmethodID set_prop_id = env->GetStaticMethodID(sclass_id, "setUnchangeableSystemProperty",
-          "(Ljava/lang/String;Ljava/lang/String;)V");
-      if (set_prop_id != nullptr) {
-        // Init os.arch to the value reqired by the apps running with native bridge.
-        env->CallStaticVoidMethod(sclass_id, set_prop_id, env->NewStringUTF("os.arch"),
-            env->NewStringUTF(env_values->os_arch));
-      } else {
-        env->ExceptionClear();
-        ALOGW("Could not find System#setUnchangeableSystemProperty.");
-      }
-    } else {
-      env->ExceptionClear();
-      ALOGW("Could not find System class.");
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Make it pristine again.
-  env->PopLocalFrame(nullptr);
-}
-
-bool InitializeNativeBridge(JNIEnv* env, const char* instruction_set) {
-  // We expect only one place that calls InitializeNativeBridge: Runtime::DidForkFromZygote. At that
-  // point we are not multi-threaded, so we do not need locking here.
-
-  if (state == NativeBridgeState::kPreInitialized) {
-    // Check for code cache: if it doesn't exist try to create it.
-    struct stat st;
-    if (stat(app_code_cache_dir, &st) == -1) {
-      if (errno == ENOENT) {
-        if (mkdir(app_code_cache_dir, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IXOTH) == -1) {
-          ALOGW("Cannot create code cache directory %s: %s.", app_code_cache_dir, strerror(errno));
-          ReleaseAppCodeCacheDir();
-        }
-      } else {
-        ALOGW("Cannot stat code cache directory %s: %s.", app_code_cache_dir, strerror(errno));
-        ReleaseAppCodeCacheDir();
-      }
-    } else if (!S_ISDIR(st.st_mode)) {
-      ALOGW("Code cache is not a directory %s.", app_code_cache_dir);
-      ReleaseAppCodeCacheDir();
-    }
-
-    // If we're still PreInitialized (dind't fail the code cache checks) try to initialize.
-    if (state == NativeBridgeState::kPreInitialized) {
-      if (callbacks->initialize(runtime_callbacks, app_code_cache_dir, instruction_set)) {
-        SetupEnvironment(callbacks, env, instruction_set);
-        state = NativeBridgeState::kInitialized;
-        // We no longer need the code cache path, release the memory.
-        ReleaseAppCodeCacheDir();
-      } else {
-        // Unload the library.
-        dlclose(native_bridge_handle);
-        CloseNativeBridge(true);
-      }
-    }
-  } else {
-    CloseNativeBridge(true);
-  }
-
-  return state == NativeBridgeState::kInitialized;
-}
-
-void UnloadNativeBridge() {
-  // We expect only one place that calls UnloadNativeBridge: Runtime::DidForkFromZygote. At that
-  // point we are not multi-threaded, so we do not need locking here.
-
-  switch(state) {
-    case NativeBridgeState::kOpened:
-    case NativeBridgeState::kPreInitialized:
-    case NativeBridgeState::kInitialized:
-      // Unload.
-      dlclose(native_bridge_handle);
-      CloseNativeBridge(false);
-      break;
-
-    case NativeBridgeState::kNotSetup:
-      // Not even set up. Error.
-      CloseNativeBridge(true);
-      break;
-
-    case NativeBridgeState::kClosed:
-      // Ignore.
-      break;
-  }
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeError() {
-  return had_error;
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeAvailable() {
-  return state == NativeBridgeState::kOpened
-      || state == NativeBridgeState::kPreInitialized
-      || state == NativeBridgeState::kInitialized;
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeInitialized() {
-  // Calls of this are supposed to happen in a state where the native bridge is stable, i.e., after
-  // Runtime::DidForkFromZygote. In that case we do not need a lock.
-  return state == NativeBridgeState::kInitialized;
-}
-
-void* NativeBridgeLoadLibrary(const char* libpath, int flag) {
-  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
-    return callbacks->loadLibrary(libpath, flag);
-  }
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-void* NativeBridgeGetTrampoline(void* handle, const char* name, const char* shorty,
-                                uint32_t len) {
-  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
-    return callbacks->getTrampoline(handle, name, shorty, len);
-  }
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeIsSupported(const char* libpath) {
-  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
-    return callbacks->isSupported(libpath);
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-uint32_t NativeBridgeGetVersion() {
-  if (NativeBridgeAvailable()) {
-    return callbacks->version;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}
-
-NativeBridgeSignalHandlerFn NativeBridgeGetSignalHandler(int signal) {
-  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
-    if (isCompatibleWith(SIGNAL_VERSION)) {
-      return callbacks->getSignalHandler(signal);
-    } else {
-      ALOGE("not compatible with version %d, cannot get signal handler", SIGNAL_VERSION);
-    }
-  }
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-int NativeBridgeUnloadLibrary(void* handle) {
-  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
-    if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
-      return callbacks->unloadLibrary(handle);
-    } else {
-      ALOGE("not compatible with version %d, cannot unload library", NAMESPACE_VERSION);
-    }
-  }
-  return -1;
-}
-
-const char* NativeBridgeGetError() {
-  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
-    if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
-      return callbacks->getError();
-    } else {
-      return "native bridge implementation is not compatible with version 3, cannot get message";
-    }
-  }
-  return "native bridge is not initialized";
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(const char* path) {
-  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
-    if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
-      return callbacks->isPathSupported(path);
-    } else {
-      ALOGE("not compatible with version %d, cannot check via library path", NAMESPACE_VERSION);
-    }
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeInitAnonymousNamespace(const char* public_ns_sonames,
-                                        const char* anon_ns_library_path) {
-  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
-    if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
-      return callbacks->initAnonymousNamespace(public_ns_sonames, anon_ns_library_path);
-    } else {
-      ALOGE("not compatible with version %d, cannot init namespace", NAMESPACE_VERSION);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return false;
-}
-
-native_bridge_namespace_t* NativeBridgeCreateNamespace(const char* name,
-                                                       const char* ld_library_path,
-                                                       const char* default_library_path,
-                                                       uint64_t type,
-                                                       const char* permitted_when_isolated_path,
-                                                       native_bridge_namespace_t* parent_ns) {
-  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
-    if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
-      return callbacks->createNamespace(name,
-                                        ld_library_path,
-                                        default_library_path,
-                                        type,
-                                        permitted_when_isolated_path,
-                                        parent_ns);
-    } else {
-      ALOGE("not compatible with version %d, cannot create namespace %s", NAMESPACE_VERSION, name);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeLinkNamespaces(native_bridge_namespace_t* from, native_bridge_namespace_t* to,
-                                const char* shared_libs_sonames) {
-  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
-    if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
-      return callbacks->linkNamespaces(from, to, shared_libs_sonames);
-    } else {
-      ALOGE("not compatible with version %d, cannot init namespace", NAMESPACE_VERSION);
-    }
-  }
-
-  return false;
-}
-
-native_bridge_namespace_t* NativeBridgeGetExportedNamespace(const char* name) {
-  if (!NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
-    return nullptr;
-  }
-
-  if (isCompatibleWith(RUNTIME_NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
-    return callbacks->getExportedNamespace(name);
-  }
-
-  // sphal is vendor namespace name -> use v4 callback in the case NB callbacks
-  // are not compatible with v5
-  if (isCompatibleWith(VENDOR_NAMESPACE_VERSION) && name != nullptr && strcmp("sphal", name) == 0) {
-    return callbacks->getVendorNamespace();
-  }
-
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-void* NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt(const char* libpath, int flag, native_bridge_namespace_t* ns) {
-  if (NativeBridgeInitialized()) {
-    if (isCompatibleWith(NAMESPACE_VERSION)) {
-      return callbacks->loadLibraryExt(libpath, flag, ns);
-    } else {
-      ALOGE("not compatible with version %d, cannot load library in namespace", NAMESPACE_VERSION);
-    }
-  }
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-}  // extern "C"
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/native_bridge_lazy.cc b/libnativebridge/native_bridge_lazy.cc
deleted file mode 100644
index 94c8084..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/native_bridge_lazy.cc
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "nativebridge/native_bridge.h"
-#define LOG_TAG "nativebridge"
-
-#include <dlfcn.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-namespace {
-
-void* GetLibHandle() {
-  static void* handle = dlopen("libnativebridge.so", RTLD_NOW);
-  LOG_FATAL_IF(handle == nullptr, "Failed to load libnativebridge.so: %s", dlerror());
-  return handle;
-}
-
-template <typename FuncPtr>
-FuncPtr GetFuncPtr(const char* function_name) {
-  auto f = reinterpret_cast<FuncPtr>(dlsym(GetLibHandle(), function_name));
-  LOG_FATAL_IF(f == nullptr, "Failed to get address of %s: %s", function_name, dlerror());
-  return f;
-}
-
-#define GET_FUNC_PTR(name) GetFuncPtr<decltype(&name)>(#name)
-
-}  // namespace
-
-bool LoadNativeBridge(const char* native_bridge_library_filename,
-                      const struct NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks* runtime_callbacks) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(LoadNativeBridge);
-  return f(native_bridge_library_filename, runtime_callbacks);
-}
-
-bool NeedsNativeBridge(const char* instruction_set) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NeedsNativeBridge);
-  return f(instruction_set);
-}
-
-bool PreInitializeNativeBridge(const char* app_data_dir, const char* instruction_set) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(PreInitializeNativeBridge);
-  return f(app_data_dir, instruction_set);
-}
-
-bool InitializeNativeBridge(JNIEnv* env, const char* instruction_set) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(InitializeNativeBridge);
-  return f(env, instruction_set);
-}
-
-void UnloadNativeBridge() {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(UnloadNativeBridge);
-  return f();
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeAvailable() {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeBridgeAvailable);
-  return f();
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeInitialized() {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeBridgeInitialized);
-  return f();
-}
-
-void* NativeBridgeLoadLibrary(const char* libpath, int flag) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeBridgeLoadLibrary);
-  return f(libpath, flag);
-}
-
-void* NativeBridgeGetTrampoline(void* handle, const char* name, const char* shorty, uint32_t len) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeBridgeGetTrampoline);
-  return f(handle, name, shorty, len);
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeIsSupported(const char* libpath) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeBridgeIsSupported);
-  return f(libpath);
-}
-
-uint32_t NativeBridgeGetVersion() {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeBridgeGetVersion);
-  return f();
-}
-
-NativeBridgeSignalHandlerFn NativeBridgeGetSignalHandler(int signal) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeBridgeGetSignalHandler);
-  return f(signal);
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeError() {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeBridgeError);
-  return f();
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeNameAcceptable(const char* native_bridge_library_filename) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeBridgeNameAcceptable);
-  return f(native_bridge_library_filename);
-}
-
-int NativeBridgeUnloadLibrary(void* handle) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeBridgeUnloadLibrary);
-  return f(handle);
-}
-
-const char* NativeBridgeGetError() {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeBridgeGetError);
-  return f();
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(const char* path) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeBridgeIsPathSupported);
-  return f(path);
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeInitAnonymousNamespace(const char* public_ns_sonames,
-                                        const char* anon_ns_library_path) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeBridgeInitAnonymousNamespace);
-  return f(public_ns_sonames, anon_ns_library_path);
-}
-
-struct native_bridge_namespace_t* NativeBridgeCreateNamespace(
-    const char* name, const char* ld_library_path, const char* default_library_path, uint64_t type,
-    const char* permitted_when_isolated_path, struct native_bridge_namespace_t* parent_ns) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeBridgeCreateNamespace);
-  return f(name, ld_library_path, default_library_path, type, permitted_when_isolated_path,
-           parent_ns);
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeLinkNamespaces(struct native_bridge_namespace_t* from,
-                                struct native_bridge_namespace_t* to,
-                                const char* shared_libs_sonames) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeBridgeLinkNamespaces);
-  return f(from, to, shared_libs_sonames);
-}
-
-void* NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt(const char* libpath, int flag,
-                                 struct native_bridge_namespace_t* ns) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt);
-  return f(libpath, flag, ns);
-}
-
-struct native_bridge_namespace_t* NativeBridgeGetVendorNamespace() {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeBridgeGetVendorNamespace);
-  return f();
-}
-
-#undef GET_FUNC_PTR
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/Android.bp b/libnativebridge/tests/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index 2bb8467..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-//
-// Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-//
-
-cc_defaults {
-    name: "libnativebridge-dummy-defaults",
-
-    host_supported: true,
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Wextra",
-        "-Werror",
-    ],
-    header_libs: ["libnativebridge-headers"],
-    cppflags: ["-fvisibility=protected"],
-}
-
-cc_library_shared {
-    name: "libnativebridge-dummy",
-    srcs: ["DummyNativeBridge.cpp"],
-    defaults: ["libnativebridge-dummy-defaults"],
-}
-
-cc_library_shared {
-    name: "libnativebridge2-dummy",
-    srcs: ["DummyNativeBridge2.cpp"],
-    defaults: ["libnativebridge-dummy-defaults"],
-}
-
-cc_library_shared {
-    name: "libnativebridge3-dummy",
-    srcs: ["DummyNativeBridge3.cpp"],
-    defaults: ["libnativebridge-dummy-defaults"],
-}
-
-// Build the unit tests.
-cc_defaults {
-    name: "libnativebridge-tests-defaults",
-    test_per_src: true,
-
-    cflags: [
-        "-Wall",
-        "-Werror",
-    ],
-
-    srcs: [
-        "CodeCacheCreate_test.cpp",
-        "CodeCacheExists_test.cpp",
-        "CodeCacheStatFail_test.cpp",
-        "CompleteFlow_test.cpp",
-        "InvalidCharsNativeBridge_test.cpp",
-        "NativeBridge2Signal_test.cpp",
-        "NativeBridgeVersion_test.cpp",
-        "NeedsNativeBridge_test.cpp",
-        "PreInitializeNativeBridge_test.cpp",
-        "PreInitializeNativeBridgeFail1_test.cpp",
-        "PreInitializeNativeBridgeFail2_test.cpp",
-        "ReSetupNativeBridge_test.cpp",
-        "UnavailableNativeBridge_test.cpp",
-        "ValidNameNativeBridge_test.cpp",
-        "NativeBridge3UnloadLibrary_test.cpp",
-        "NativeBridge3GetError_test.cpp",
-        "NativeBridge3IsPathSupported_test.cpp",
-        "NativeBridge3InitAnonymousNamespace_test.cpp",
-        "NativeBridge3CreateNamespace_test.cpp",
-        "NativeBridge3LoadLibraryExt_test.cpp",
-    ],
-
-    shared_libs: [
-        "liblog",
-        "libnativebridge-dummy",
-    ],
-    header_libs: ["libbase_headers"],
-}
-
-cc_test {
-    name: "libnativebridge-tests",
-    defaults: ["libnativebridge-tests-defaults"],
-    host_supported: true,
-    shared_libs: ["libnativebridge"],
-}
-
-cc_test {
-    name: "libnativebridge-lazy-tests",
-    defaults: ["libnativebridge-tests-defaults"],
-    shared_libs: ["libnativebridge_lazy"],
-}
-
-// Build the test for the C API.
-cc_test {
-    name: "libnativebridge-api-tests",
-    host_supported: true,
-    test_per_src: true,
-    srcs: [
-        "NativeBridgeApi.c",
-    ],
-    header_libs: ["libnativebridge-headers"],
-}
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/CodeCacheCreate_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/CodeCacheCreate_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 58270c4..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/CodeCacheCreate_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-// Tests that the bridge initialization creates the code_cache if it doesn't
-// exists.
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, CodeCacheCreate) {
-    // Make sure that code_cache does not exists
-    struct stat st;
-    ASSERT_EQ(-1, stat(kCodeCache, &st));
-    ASSERT_EQ(ENOENT, errno);
-
-    // Init
-    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_FALSE(NativeBridgeError());
-
-    // Check that code_cache was created
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, stat(kCodeCache, &st));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(S_ISDIR(st.st_mode));
-
-    // Clean up
-    UnloadNativeBridge();
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
-
-    ASSERT_FALSE(NativeBridgeError());
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/CodeCacheExists_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/CodeCacheExists_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 8ba0158..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/CodeCacheExists_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-// Tests that the bridge is initialized without errors if the code_cache already
-// exists.
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, CodeCacheExists) {
-    // Make sure that code_cache does not exists
-    struct stat st;
-    ASSERT_EQ(-1, stat(kCodeCache, &st));
-    ASSERT_EQ(ENOENT, errno);
-
-    // Create the code_cache
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, mkdir(kCodeCache, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IXOTH));
-
-    // Init
-    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_FALSE(NativeBridgeError());
-
-    // Check that the code cache is still there
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, stat(kCodeCache, &st));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(S_ISDIR(st.st_mode));
-
-    // Clean up
-    UnloadNativeBridge();
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
-
-    ASSERT_FALSE(NativeBridgeError());
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/CodeCacheStatFail_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/CodeCacheStatFail_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 4ea519e..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/CodeCacheStatFail_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-// Tests that the bridge is initialized without errors if the code_cache is
-// existed as a file.
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, CodeCacheStatFail) {
-    int fd = creat(kCodeCache, O_RDWR);
-    ASSERT_NE(-1, fd);
-    close(fd);
-
-    struct stat st;
-    ASSERT_EQ(-1, stat(kCodeCacheStatFail, &st));
-    ASSERT_EQ(ENOTDIR, errno);
-
-    // Init
-    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(kCodeCacheStatFail, "isa"));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_FALSE(NativeBridgeError());
-
-    // Clean up
-    UnloadNativeBridge();
-
-    ASSERT_FALSE(NativeBridgeError());
-    unlink(kCodeCache);
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/CompleteFlow_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/CompleteFlow_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index b033792..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/CompleteFlow_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, CompleteFlow) {
-    // Init
-    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-
-    // Basic calls to check that nothing crashes
-    ASSERT_FALSE(NativeBridgeIsSupported(nullptr));
-    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, NativeBridgeLoadLibrary(nullptr, 0));
-    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, NativeBridgeGetTrampoline(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 0));
-
-    // Unload
-    UnloadNativeBridge();
-
-    ASSERT_FALSE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_FALSE(NativeBridgeError());
-
-    // Clean-up code_cache
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/DummyNativeBridge.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/DummyNativeBridge.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index b9894f6..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/DummyNativeBridge.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-// A dummy implementation of the native-bridge interface.
-
-#include "nativebridge/native_bridge.h"
-
-// NativeBridgeCallbacks implementations
-extern "C" bool native_bridge_initialize(const android::NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks* /* art_cbs */,
-                                         const char* /* app_code_cache_dir */,
-                                         const char* /* isa */) {
-  return true;
-}
-
-extern "C" void* native_bridge_loadLibrary(const char* /* libpath */, int /* flag */) {
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-extern "C" void* native_bridge_getTrampoline(void* /* handle */, const char* /* name */,
-                                             const char* /* shorty */, uint32_t /* len */) {
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-extern "C" bool native_bridge_isSupported(const char* /* libpath */) {
-  return false;
-}
-
-extern "C" const struct android::NativeBridgeRuntimeValues* native_bridge_getAppEnv(
-    const char* /* abi */) {
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-android::NativeBridgeCallbacks NativeBridgeItf {
-  .version = 1,
-  .initialize = &native_bridge_initialize,
-  .loadLibrary = &native_bridge_loadLibrary,
-  .getTrampoline = &native_bridge_getTrampoline,
-  .isSupported = &native_bridge_isSupported,
-  .getAppEnv = &native_bridge_getAppEnv
-};
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/DummyNativeBridge2.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/DummyNativeBridge2.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6920c74..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/DummyNativeBridge2.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-// A dummy implementation of the native-bridge interface.
-
-#include "nativebridge/native_bridge.h"
-
-#include <signal.h>
-
-// NativeBridgeCallbacks implementations
-extern "C" bool native_bridge2_initialize(const android::NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks* /* art_cbs */,
-                                         const char* /* app_code_cache_dir */,
-                                         const char* /* isa */) {
-  return true;
-}
-
-extern "C" void* native_bridge2_loadLibrary(const char* /* libpath */, int /* flag */) {
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-extern "C" void* native_bridge2_getTrampoline(void* /* handle */, const char* /* name */,
-                                             const char* /* shorty */, uint32_t /* len */) {
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-extern "C" bool native_bridge2_isSupported(const char* /* libpath */) {
-  return false;
-}
-
-extern "C" const struct android::NativeBridgeRuntimeValues* native_bridge2_getAppEnv(
-    const char* /* abi */) {
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-extern "C" bool native_bridge2_is_compatible_compatible_with(uint32_t version) {
-  // For testing, allow 1 and 2, but disallow 3+.
-  return version <= 2;
-}
-
-static bool native_bridge2_dummy_signal_handler(int, siginfo_t*, void*) {
-  // TODO: Implement something here. We'd either have to have a death test with a log here, or
-  //       we'd have to be able to resume after the faulting instruction...
-  return true;
-}
-
-extern "C" android::NativeBridgeSignalHandlerFn native_bridge2_get_signal_handler(int signal) {
-  if (signal == SIGSEGV) {
-    return &native_bridge2_dummy_signal_handler;
-  }
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-android::NativeBridgeCallbacks NativeBridgeItf {
-  .version = 2,
-  .initialize = &native_bridge2_initialize,
-  .loadLibrary = &native_bridge2_loadLibrary,
-  .getTrampoline = &native_bridge2_getTrampoline,
-  .isSupported = &native_bridge2_isSupported,
-  .getAppEnv = &native_bridge2_getAppEnv,
-  .isCompatibleWith = &native_bridge2_is_compatible_compatible_with,
-  .getSignalHandler = &native_bridge2_get_signal_handler
-};
-
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/DummyNativeBridge3.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/DummyNativeBridge3.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 4ef1c82..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/DummyNativeBridge3.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-// A dummy implementation of the native-bridge interface.
-
-#include "nativebridge/native_bridge.h"
-
-#include <signal.h>
-
-// NativeBridgeCallbacks implementations
-extern "C" bool native_bridge3_initialize(
-                      const android::NativeBridgeRuntimeCallbacks* /* art_cbs */,
-                      const char* /* app_code_cache_dir */,
-                      const char* /* isa */) {
-  return true;
-}
-
-extern "C" void* native_bridge3_loadLibrary(const char* /* libpath */, int /* flag */) {
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-extern "C" void* native_bridge3_getTrampoline(void* /* handle */, const char* /* name */,
-                                             const char* /* shorty */, uint32_t /* len */) {
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-extern "C" bool native_bridge3_isSupported(const char* /* libpath */) {
-  return false;
-}
-
-extern "C" const struct android::NativeBridgeRuntimeValues* native_bridge3_getAppEnv(
-    const char* /* abi */) {
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-extern "C" bool native_bridge3_isCompatibleWith(uint32_t version) {
-  // For testing, allow 1-3, but disallow 4+.
-  return version <= 3;
-}
-
-static bool native_bridge3_dummy_signal_handler(int, siginfo_t*, void*) {
-  // TODO: Implement something here. We'd either have to have a death test with a log here, or
-  //       we'd have to be able to resume after the faulting instruction...
-  return true;
-}
-
-extern "C" android::NativeBridgeSignalHandlerFn native_bridge3_getSignalHandler(int signal) {
-  if (signal == SIGSEGV) {
-    return &native_bridge3_dummy_signal_handler;
-  }
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-extern "C" int native_bridge3_unloadLibrary(void* /* handle */) {
-  return 0;
-}
-
-extern "C" const char* native_bridge3_getError() {
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-extern "C" bool native_bridge3_isPathSupported(const char* /* path */) {
-  return true;
-}
-
-extern "C" bool native_bridge3_initAnonymousNamespace(const char* /* public_ns_sonames */,
-                                                      const char* /* anon_ns_library_path */) {
-  return true;
-}
-
-extern "C" android::native_bridge_namespace_t*
-native_bridge3_createNamespace(const char* /* name */,
-                               const char* /* ld_library_path */,
-                               const char* /* default_library_path */,
-                               uint64_t /* type */,
-                               const char* /* permitted_when_isolated_path */,
-                               android::native_bridge_namespace_t* /* parent_ns */) {
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-extern "C" bool native_bridge3_linkNamespaces(android::native_bridge_namespace_t* /* from */,
-                                              android::native_bridge_namespace_t* /* to */,
-                                              const char* /* shared_libs_soname */) {
-  return true;
-}
-
-extern "C" void* native_bridge3_loadLibraryExt(const char* /* libpath */,
-                                               int /* flag */,
-                                               android::native_bridge_namespace_t* /* ns */) {
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-android::NativeBridgeCallbacks NativeBridgeItf{
-    // v1
-    .version = 3,
-    .initialize = &native_bridge3_initialize,
-    .loadLibrary = &native_bridge3_loadLibrary,
-    .getTrampoline = &native_bridge3_getTrampoline,
-    .isSupported = &native_bridge3_isSupported,
-    .getAppEnv = &native_bridge3_getAppEnv,
-    // v2
-    .isCompatibleWith = &native_bridge3_isCompatibleWith,
-    .getSignalHandler = &native_bridge3_getSignalHandler,
-    // v3
-    .unloadLibrary = &native_bridge3_unloadLibrary,
-    .getError = &native_bridge3_getError,
-    .isPathSupported = &native_bridge3_isPathSupported,
-    .initAnonymousNamespace = &native_bridge3_initAnonymousNamespace,
-    .createNamespace = &native_bridge3_createNamespace,
-    .linkNamespaces = &native_bridge3_linkNamespaces,
-    .loadLibraryExt = &native_bridge3_loadLibraryExt};
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/InvalidCharsNativeBridge_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/InvalidCharsNativeBridge_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 8f7973d..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/InvalidCharsNativeBridge_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-static const char* kTestName = "../librandom$@-bridge_not.existing.so";
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, InvalidChars) {
-    // Do one test actually calling setup.
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, NativeBridgeError());
-    LoadNativeBridge(kTestName, nullptr);
-    // This should lead to an error for invalid characters.
-    EXPECT_EQ(true, NativeBridgeError());
-
-    // Further tests need to use NativeBridgeNameAcceptable, as the error
-    // state can't be changed back.
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, NativeBridgeNameAcceptable("."));
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, NativeBridgeNameAcceptable(".."));
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, NativeBridgeNameAcceptable("_"));
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, NativeBridgeNameAcceptable("-"));
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, NativeBridgeNameAcceptable("lib@.so"));
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, NativeBridgeNameAcceptable("lib$.so"));
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge2Signal_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge2Signal_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 44e45e3..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge2Signal_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary2 = "libnativebridge2-dummy.so";
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, V2_Signal) {
-    // Init
-    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary2, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(2U, NativeBridgeGetVersion());
-    ASSERT_NE(nullptr, NativeBridgeGetSignalHandler(SIGSEGV));
-
-    // Clean-up code_cache
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3CreateNamespace_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3CreateNamespace_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 668d942..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3CreateNamespace_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary3 = "libnativebridge3-dummy.so";
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, V3_CreateNamespace) {
-    // Init
-    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary3, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(3U, NativeBridgeGetVersion());
-    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, NativeBridgeCreateNamespace(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
-                                                   0, nullptr, nullptr));
-
-    // Clean-up code_cache
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3GetError_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3GetError_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0b9f582..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3GetError_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary3 = "libnativebridge3-dummy.so";
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, V3_GetError) {
-    // Init
-    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary3, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(3U, NativeBridgeGetVersion());
-    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, NativeBridgeGetError());
-
-    // Clean-up code_cache
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3InitAnonymousNamespace_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3InitAnonymousNamespace_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index b0d6b09..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3InitAnonymousNamespace_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary3 = "libnativebridge3-dummy.so";
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, V3_InitAnonymousNamespace) {
-  // Init
-  ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary3, nullptr));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-  ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-  ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-
-  ASSERT_EQ(3U, NativeBridgeGetVersion());
-  ASSERT_EQ(true, NativeBridgeInitAnonymousNamespace(nullptr, nullptr));
-
-  // Clean-up code_cache
-  ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3IsPathSupported_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3IsPathSupported_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 325e40b..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3IsPathSupported_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary3 = "libnativebridge3-dummy.so";
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, V3_IsPathSupported) {
-    // Init
-    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary3, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(3U, NativeBridgeGetVersion());
-    ASSERT_EQ(true, NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(nullptr));
-
-    // Clean-up code_cache
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3LoadLibraryExt_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3LoadLibraryExt_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 4caeb44..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3LoadLibraryExt_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary3 = "libnativebridge3-dummy.so";
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, V3_LoadLibraryExt) {
-    // Init
-    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary3, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(3U, NativeBridgeGetVersion());
-    ASSERT_EQ(nullptr, NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt(nullptr, 0, nullptr));
-
-    // Clean-up code_cache
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3UnloadLibrary_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3UnloadLibrary_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 93a979c..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridge3UnloadLibrary_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary3 = "libnativebridge3-dummy.so";
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, V3_UnloadLibrary) {
-    // Init
-    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary3, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(".", "isa"));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeAvailable());
-
-    ASSERT_EQ(3U, NativeBridgeGetVersion());
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, NativeBridgeUnloadLibrary(nullptr));
-
-    // Clean-up code_cache
-    ASSERT_EQ(0, rmdir(kCodeCache));
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridgeApi.c b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridgeApi.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 7ab71fe..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridgeApi.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/* The main purpose of this test is to ensure this C header compiles in C, so
- * that no C++ features inadvertently leak into the C ABI. */
-#include "nativebridge/native_bridge.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-  (void)argc;
-  (void)argv;
-  return 0;
-}
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridgeTest.h b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridgeTest.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 0f99816..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridgeTest.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef NATIVE_BRIDGE_TEST_H_
-#define NATIVE_BRIDGE_TEST_H_
-
-#define LOG_TAG "NativeBridge_test"
-
-#include <nativebridge/native_bridge.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-
-constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary = "libnativebridge-dummy.so";
-constexpr const char* kCodeCache = "./code_cache";
-constexpr const char* kCodeCacheStatFail = "./code_cache/temp";
-constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary2 = "libnativebridge2-dummy.so";
-constexpr const char* kNativeBridgeLibrary3 = "libnativebridge3-dummy.so";
-
-namespace android {
-
-class NativeBridgeTest : public testing::Test {
-};
-
-};  // namespace android
-
-#endif  // NATIVE_BRIDGE_H_
-
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridgeVersion_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridgeVersion_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index d3f9a80..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/NativeBridgeVersion_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, Version) {
-    // When a bridge isn't loaded, we expect 0.
-    EXPECT_EQ(NativeBridgeGetVersion(), 0U);
-
-    // After our dummy bridge has been loaded, we expect 1.
-    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary, nullptr));
-    EXPECT_EQ(NativeBridgeGetVersion(), 1U);
-
-    // Unload
-    UnloadNativeBridge();
-
-    // Version information is gone.
-    EXPECT_EQ(NativeBridgeGetVersion(), 0U);
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/NeedsNativeBridge_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/NeedsNativeBridge_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index c8ff743..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/NeedsNativeBridge_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-#include <android-base/macros.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-static const char* kISAs[] = { "arm", "arm64", "mips", "mips64", "x86", "x86_64", "random", "64arm",
-                               "64_x86", "64_x86_64", "", "reallylongstringabcd", nullptr };
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, NeedsNativeBridge) {
-  EXPECT_EQ(false, NeedsNativeBridge(ABI_STRING));
-
-  const size_t kISACount = sizeof(kISAs) / sizeof(kISAs[0]);
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < kISACount; i++) {
-    EXPECT_EQ(kISAs[i] == nullptr ? false : strcmp(kISAs[i], ABI_STRING) != 0,
-              NeedsNativeBridge(kISAs[i]));
-    }
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/PreInitializeNativeBridgeFail1_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/PreInitializeNativeBridgeFail1_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 5a2b0a1..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/PreInitializeNativeBridgeFail1_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-#include <dlfcn.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <sys/mount.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cstring>
-
-#include <android/log.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, PreInitializeNativeBridgeFail1) {
-  // Needs a valid application directory.
-  ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary, nullptr));
-  ASSERT_FALSE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, "isa"));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeError());
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/PreInitializeNativeBridgeFail2_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/PreInitializeNativeBridgeFail2_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index af976b1..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/PreInitializeNativeBridgeFail2_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <dlfcn.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <sys/mount.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cstring>
-
-#include <android/log.h>
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, PreInitializeNativeBridgeFail2) {
-  // Needs LoadNativeBridge() first
-  ASSERT_FALSE(PreInitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, "isa"));
-  ASSERT_TRUE(NativeBridgeError());
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/PreInitializeNativeBridge_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/PreInitializeNativeBridge_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index cd5a8e2..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/PreInitializeNativeBridge_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <dlfcn.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <sys/mount.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cstring>
-
-#include <android/log.h>
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, PreInitializeNativeBridge) {
-    ASSERT_TRUE(LoadNativeBridge(kNativeBridgeLibrary, nullptr));
-#if !defined(__APPLE__)         // Mac OS does not support bind-mount.
-#if !defined(__ANDROID__)       // Cannot write into the hard-wired location.
-    static constexpr const char* kTestData = "PreInitializeNativeBridge test.";
-
-    // Try to create our mount namespace.
-    if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) != -1) {
-        // Create a dummy file.
-        FILE* cpuinfo = fopen("./cpuinfo", "w");
-        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, cpuinfo) << strerror(errno);
-        fprintf(cpuinfo, kTestData);
-        fclose(cpuinfo);
-
-        ASSERT_TRUE(PreInitializeNativeBridge("does not matter 1", "short 2"));
-
-        // Read /proc/cpuinfo
-        FILE* proc_cpuinfo = fopen("/proc/cpuinfo", "r");
-        ASSERT_NE(nullptr, proc_cpuinfo) << strerror(errno);
-        char buf[1024];
-        EXPECT_NE(nullptr, fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), proc_cpuinfo)) << "Error reading.";
-        fclose(proc_cpuinfo);
-
-        EXPECT_EQ(0, strcmp(buf, kTestData));
-
-        // Delete the file.
-        ASSERT_EQ(0, unlink("./cpuinfo")) << "Error unlinking temporary file.";
-        // Ending the test will tear down the mount namespace.
-    } else {
-        GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << "Could not create mount namespace. Are you running this as root?";
-    }
-#endif
-#endif
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/ReSetupNativeBridge_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/ReSetupNativeBridge_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 944e5d7..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/ReSetupNativeBridge_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, ReSetup) {
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, NativeBridgeError());
-    LoadNativeBridge("", nullptr);
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, NativeBridgeError());
-    LoadNativeBridge("", nullptr);
-    // This should lead to an error for trying to re-setup a native bridge.
-    EXPECT_EQ(true, NativeBridgeError());
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/UnavailableNativeBridge_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/UnavailableNativeBridge_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index ad374a5..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/UnavailableNativeBridge_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "NativeBridgeTest.h"
-
-namespace android {
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, NoNativeBridge) {
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, NativeBridgeAvailable());
-    // Try to initialize. This should fail as we are not set up.
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, InitializeNativeBridge(nullptr, nullptr));
-    EXPECT_EQ(true, NativeBridgeError());
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, NativeBridgeAvailable());
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativebridge/tests/ValidNameNativeBridge_test.cpp b/libnativebridge/tests/ValidNameNativeBridge_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 690be4a..0000000
--- a/libnativebridge/tests/ValidNameNativeBridge_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2011 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <NativeBridgeTest.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-static const char* kTestName = "librandom-bridge_not.existing.so";
-
-TEST_F(NativeBridgeTest, ValidName) {
-    // Check that the name is acceptable.
-    EXPECT_EQ(true, NativeBridgeNameAcceptable(kTestName));
-
-    // Now check what happens on LoadNativeBridge.
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, NativeBridgeError());
-    LoadNativeBridge(kTestName, nullptr);
-    // This will lead to an error as the library doesn't exist.
-    EXPECT_EQ(true, NativeBridgeError());
-    EXPECT_EQ(false, NativeBridgeAvailable());
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativeloader/.clang-format b/libnativeloader/.clang-format
deleted file mode 120000
index fd0645f..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/.clang-format
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-../.clang-format-2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/libnativeloader/Android.bp b/libnativeloader/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index 939bdd7..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-// Shared library for target
-// ========================================================
-cc_defaults {
-    name: "libnativeloader-defaults",
-    cflags: [
-        "-Werror",
-        "-Wall",
-    ],
-    cppflags: [
-        "-fvisibility=hidden",
-    ],
-    header_libs: ["libnativeloader-headers"],
-    export_header_lib_headers: ["libnativeloader-headers"],
-}
-
-cc_library {
-    name: "libnativeloader",
-    defaults: ["libnativeloader-defaults"],
-    host_supported: true,
-    srcs: [
-        "native_loader.cpp",
-    ],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libnativehelper",
-        "liblog",
-        "libnativebridge",
-        "libbase",
-    ],
-    target: {
-        android: {
-            srcs: [
-                "library_namespaces.cpp",
-                "native_loader_namespace.cpp",
-                "public_libraries.cpp",
-            ],
-            shared_libs: [
-                "libdl_android",
-            ],
-        },
-    },
-    required: [
-        "llndk.libraries.txt",
-        "vndksp.libraries.txt",
-    ],
-    stubs: {
-        symbol_file: "libnativeloader.map.txt",
-        versions: ["1"],
-    },
-}
-
-// TODO(b/124250621) eliminate the need for this library
-cc_library {
-    name: "libnativeloader_lazy",
-    defaults: ["libnativeloader-defaults"],
-    host_supported: false,
-    srcs: ["native_loader_lazy.cpp"],
-    required: ["libnativeloader"],
-}
-
-cc_library_headers {
-    name: "libnativeloader-headers",
-    host_supported: true,
-    export_include_dirs: ["include"],
-}
-
-cc_test {
-    name: "libnativeloader_test",
-    srcs: [
-        "native_loader_test.cpp",
-        "native_loader.cpp",
-        "library_namespaces.cpp",
-        "native_loader_namespace.cpp",
-        "public_libraries.cpp",
-    ],
-    cflags: ["-DANDROID"],
-    static_libs: [
-        "libbase",
-        "liblog",
-        "libnativehelper",
-        "libgmock",
-    ],
-    header_libs: [
-        "libnativebridge-headers",
-        "libnativeloader-headers",
-    ],
-    system_shared_libs: ["libc", "libm"],
-    test_suites: ["device-tests"],
-}
diff --git a/libnativeloader/CPPLINT.cfg b/libnativeloader/CPPLINT.cfg
deleted file mode 100644
index db98533..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/CPPLINT.cfg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-filter=-build/header_guard
-filter=-readability/check
-filter=-build/namespaces
diff --git a/libnativeloader/OWNERS b/libnativeloader/OWNERS
deleted file mode 100644
index f735653..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/OWNERS
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-dimitry@google.com
-jiyong@google.com
-ngeoffray@google.com
-oth@google.com
-mast@google.com
-rpl@google.com
diff --git a/libnativeloader/README.md b/libnativeloader/README.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 57b9001..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/README.md
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-libnativeloader
-===============================================================================
-
-Overview
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-libnativeloader is responsible for loading native shared libraries (`*.so`
-files) inside the Android Runtime (ART). The native shared libraries could be
-app-provided JNI libraries or public native libraries like `libc.so` provided
-by the platform.
-
-The most typical use case of this library is calling `System.loadLibrary(name)`.
-When the method is called, the ART runtime delegates the call to this library
-along with the reference to the classloader where the call was made.  Then this
-library finds the linker namespace (named `classloader-namespace`) that is
-associated with the given classloader, and tries to load the requested library
-from the namespace. The actual searching, loading, and linking of the library
-is performed by the dynamic linker.
-
-The linker namespace is created when an APK is loaded into the process, and is
-associated with the classloader that loaded the APK. The linker namespace is
-configured so that only the JNI libraries embedded in the APK is accessible
-from the namespace, thus preventing an APK from loading JNI libraries of other
-APKs.
-
-The linker namespace is also configured differently depending on other
-characteristics of the APK such as whether or not the APK is bundled with the
-platform. In case of the unbundled, i.e., downloaded or updated APK, only the
-public native libraries that is listed in `/system/etc/public.libraries.txt`
-are available from the platform, whereas in case of the bundled, all libraries
-under `/system/lib` are available (i.e. shared). In case when the unbundled
-app is from `/vendor` or `/product` partition, the app is additionally provided
-with the [VNDK-SP](https://source.android.com/devices/architecture/vndk#sp-hal)
-libraries. As the platform is getting modularized with
-[APEX](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/apex/+/refs/heads/master/docs/README.md),
-some libraries are no longer provided from platform, but from the APEXes which
-have their own linker namespaces. For example, ICU libraries `libicuuc.so` and
-`libicui18n.so` are from the runtime APEX.
-
-The list of public native libraries is not static. The default set of libraries
-are defined in AOSP, but partners can extend it to include their own libraries.
-Currently, following extensions are available:
-
-- `/vendor/etc/public.libraries.txt`: libraries in `/vendor/lib` that are
-specific to the underlying SoC, e.g. GPU, DSP, etc.
-- `/{system|product}/etc/public.libraries-<companyname>.txt`: libraries in
-`/{system|product}/lib` that a device manufacturer has newly added. The
-libraries should be named as `lib<name>.<companyname>.so` as in
-`libFoo.acme.so`.
-
-Note that, due to the naming constraint requiring `.<companyname>.so` suffix, it
-is prohibited for a device manufacturer to expose an AOSP-defined private
-library, e.g. libgui.so, libart.so, etc., to APKs.
-
-Lastly, libnativeloader is responsible for abstracting the two types of the
-dynamic linker interface: `libdl.so` and `libnativebridge.so`. The former is
-for non-translated, e.g. ARM-on-ARM, libraries, while the latter is for
-loading libraries in a translated environment such as ARM-on-x86.
-
-Implementation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Implementation wise, libnativeloader consists of four parts:
-
-- `native_loader.cpp`
-- `library_namespaces.cpp`
-- `native_loader_namespace.cpp`
-- `public_libraries.cpp`
-
-`native_loader.cpp` implements the public interface of this library. It is just
-a thin wrapper around `library_namespaces.cpp` and `native_loader_namespace.cpp`.
-
-`library_namespaces.cpp` implements the singleton class `LibraryNamespaces` which
-is a manager-like entity that is responsible for creating and configuring
-linker namespaces and finding an already created linker namespace for a given
-classloader.
-
-`native_loader_namespace.cpp` implements the class `NativeLoaderNamespace` that
-models a linker namespace. Its main job is to abstract the two types of the
-dynamic linker interface so that other parts of this library do not have to know
-the differences of the interfaces.
-
-`public_libraries.cpp` is responsible for reading `*.txt` files for the public
-native libraries from the various partitions. It can be considered as a part of
-`LibraryNamespaces` but is separated from it to hide the details of the parsing
-routines.
diff --git a/libnativeloader/TEST_MAPPING b/libnativeloader/TEST_MAPPING
deleted file mode 100644
index 7becb77..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/TEST_MAPPING
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "presubmit": [
-    {
-      "name": "libnativeloader_test"
-    }
-  ],
-  "imports": [
-    {
-      "path": "cts/tests/tests/jni"
-    }
-  ]
-}
diff --git a/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/dlext_namespaces.h b/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/dlext_namespaces.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 8937636..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/dlext_namespaces.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2016 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef __ANDROID_DLEXT_NAMESPACES_H__
-#define __ANDROID_DLEXT_NAMESPACES_H__
-
-#include <android/dlext.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-
-__BEGIN_DECLS
-
-enum {
-  /* A regular namespace is the namespace with a custom search path that does
-   * not impose any restrictions on the location of native libraries.
-   */
-  ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_REGULAR = 0,
-
-  /* An isolated namespace requires all the libraries to be on the search path
-   * or under permitted_when_isolated_path. The search path is the union of
-   * ld_library_path and default_library_path.
-   */
-  ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_ISOLATED = 1,
-
-  /* The shared namespace clones the list of libraries of the caller namespace upon creation
-   * which means that they are shared between namespaces - the caller namespace and the new one
-   * will use the same copy of a library if it was loaded prior to android_create_namespace call.
-   *
-   * Note that libraries loaded after the namespace is created will not be shared.
-   *
-   * Shared namespaces can be isolated or regular. Note that they do not inherit the search path nor
-   * permitted_path from the caller's namespace.
-   */
-  ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_SHARED = 2,
-
-  /* This flag instructs linker to enable grey-list workaround for the namespace.
-   * See http://b/26394120 for details.
-   */
-  ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_GREYLIST_ENABLED = 0x08000000,
-
-  /* This flag instructs linker to use this namespace as the anonymous
-   * namespace. The anonymous namespace is used in the case when linker cannot
-   * identify the caller of dlopen/dlsym. This happens for the code not loaded
-   * by dynamic linker; for example calls from the mono-compiled code. There can
-   * be only one anonymous namespace in a process. If there already is an
-   * anonymous namespace in the process, using this flag when creating a new
-   * namespace causes an error.
-   */
-  ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_ALSO_USED_AS_ANONYMOUS = 0x10000000,
-
-  ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_SHARED_ISOLATED =
-      ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_SHARED | ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_ISOLATED,
-};
-
-/*
- * Creates new linker namespace.
- * ld_library_path and default_library_path represent the search path
- * for the libraries in the namespace.
- *
- * The libraries in the namespace are searched by folowing order:
- * 1. ld_library_path (Think of this as namespace-local LD_LIBRARY_PATH)
- * 2. In directories specified by DT_RUNPATH of the "needed by" binary.
- * 3. deault_library_path (This of this as namespace-local default library path)
- *
- * When type is ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_ISOLATED the resulting namespace requires all of
- * the libraries to be on the search path or under the permitted_when_isolated_path;
- * the search_path is ld_library_path:default_library_path. Note that the
- * permitted_when_isolated_path path is not part of the search_path and
- * does not affect the search order. It is a way to allow loading libraries from specific
- * locations when using absolute path.
- * If a library or any of its dependencies are outside of the permitted_when_isolated_path
- * and search_path, and it is not part of the public namespace dlopen will fail.
- */
-extern struct android_namespace_t* android_create_namespace(
-    const char* name, const char* ld_library_path, const char* default_library_path, uint64_t type,
-    const char* permitted_when_isolated_path, struct android_namespace_t* parent);
-
-/*
- * Creates a link between namespaces. Every link has list of sonames of
- * shared libraries. These are the libraries which are accessible from
- * namespace 'from' but loaded within namespace 'to' context.
- * When to namespace is nullptr this function establishes a link between
- * 'from' namespace and the default namespace.
- *
- * The lookup order of the libraries in namespaces with links is following:
- * 1. Look inside current namespace using 'this' namespace search path.
- * 2. Look in linked namespaces
- * 2.1. Perform soname check - if library soname is not in the list of shared
- *      libraries sonames skip this link, otherwise
- * 2.2. Search library using linked namespace search path. Note that this
- *      step will not go deeper into linked namespaces for this library but
- *      will do so for DT_NEEDED libraries.
- */
-extern bool android_link_namespaces(struct android_namespace_t* from,
-                                    struct android_namespace_t* to,
-                                    const char* shared_libs_sonames);
-
-extern struct android_namespace_t* android_get_exported_namespace(const char* name);
-
-__END_DECLS
-
-#endif /* __ANDROID_DLEXT_NAMESPACES_H__ */
diff --git a/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/native_loader.h b/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/native_loader.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 51fb875..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/include/nativeloader/native_loader.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef NATIVE_LOADER_H_
-#define NATIVE_LOADER_H_
-
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include "jni.h"
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-#include <android/dlext.h>
-#endif
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-namespace android {
-extern "C" {
-#endif  // __cplusplus
-
-// README: the char** error message parameter being passed
-// to the methods below need to be freed through calling NativeLoaderFreeErrorMessage.
-// It's the caller's responsibility to call that method.
-
-__attribute__((visibility("default")))
-void InitializeNativeLoader();
-
-__attribute__((visibility("default"))) jstring CreateClassLoaderNamespace(
-    JNIEnv* env, int32_t target_sdk_version, jobject class_loader, bool is_shared, jstring dex_path,
-    jstring library_path, jstring permitted_path);
-
-__attribute__((visibility("default"))) void* OpenNativeLibrary(
-    JNIEnv* env, int32_t target_sdk_version, const char* path, jobject class_loader,
-    const char* caller_location, jstring library_path, bool* needs_native_bridge, char** error_msg);
-
-__attribute__((visibility("default"))) bool CloseNativeLibrary(void* handle,
-                                                               const bool needs_native_bridge,
-                                                               char** error_msg);
-
-__attribute__((visibility("default"))) void NativeLoaderFreeErrorMessage(char* msg);
-
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-// Look up linker namespace by class_loader. Returns nullptr if
-// there is no namespace associated with the class_loader.
-// TODO(b/79940628): move users to FindNativeLoaderNamespaceByClassLoader and remove this function.
-__attribute__((visibility("default"))) struct android_namespace_t* FindNamespaceByClassLoader(
-    JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader);
-// That version works with native bridge namespaces, but requires use of OpenNativeLibrary.
-struct NativeLoaderNamespace;
-__attribute__((visibility("default"))) struct NativeLoaderNamespace*
-FindNativeLoaderNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader);
-// Load library.  Unlinke OpenNativeLibrary above couldn't create namespace on demand, but does
-// not require access to JNIEnv either.
-__attribute__((visibility("default"))) void* OpenNativeLibraryInNamespace(
-    struct NativeLoaderNamespace* ns, const char* path, bool* needs_native_bridge,
-    char** error_msg);
-#endif
-
-__attribute__((visibility("default")))
-void ResetNativeLoader();
-
-#ifdef __cplusplus
-}  // extern "C"
-}  // namespace android
-#endif  // __cplusplus
-
-#endif  // NATIVE_BRIDGE_H_
diff --git a/libnativeloader/libnativeloader.map.txt b/libnativeloader/libnativeloader.map.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 40c30bd..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/libnativeloader.map.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-#  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-# TODO(b/122710865): Prune these uses once the runtime APEX is complete.
-LIBNATIVELOADER_1 {
-  global:
-    OpenNativeLibrary;
-    InitializeNativeLoader;
-    ResetNativeLoader;
-    CloseNativeLibrary;
-    OpenNativeLibraryInNamespace;
-    FindNamespaceByClassLoader;
-    FindNativeLoaderNamespaceByClassLoader;
-    CreateClassLoaderNamespace;
-    NativeLoaderFreeErrorMessage;
-  local:
-    *;
-};
diff --git a/libnativeloader/library_namespaces.cpp b/libnativeloader/library_namespaces.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 9a33b55..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/library_namespaces.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,319 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#include "library_namespaces.h"
-
-#include <dirent.h>
-#include <dlfcn.h>
-
-#include <regex>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android-base/macros.h>
-#include <android-base/properties.h>
-#include <android-base/strings.h>
-#include <nativehelper/ScopedUtfChars.h>
-
-#include "nativeloader/dlext_namespaces.h"
-#include "public_libraries.h"
-#include "utils.h"
-
-using android::base::Error;
-
-namespace android::nativeloader {
-
-namespace {
-// The device may be configured to have the vendor libraries loaded to a separate namespace.
-// For historical reasons this namespace was named sphal but effectively it is intended
-// to use to load vendor libraries to separate namespace with controlled interface between
-// vendor and system namespaces.
-constexpr const char* kVendorNamespaceName = "sphal";
-constexpr const char* kVndkNamespaceName = "vndk";
-constexpr const char* kRuntimeNamespaceName = "runtime";
-constexpr const char* kNeuralNetworksNamespaceName = "neuralnetworks";
-
-// classloader-namespace is a linker namespace that is created for the loaded
-// app. To be specific, it is created for the app classloader. When
-// System.load() is called from a Java class that is loaded from the
-// classloader, the classloader-namespace namespace associated with that
-// classloader is selected for dlopen. The namespace is configured so that its
-// search path is set to the app-local JNI directory and it is linked to the
-// platform namespace with the names of libs listed in the public.libraries.txt.
-// This way an app can only load its own JNI libraries along with the public libs.
-constexpr const char* kClassloaderNamespaceName = "classloader-namespace";
-// Same thing for vendor APKs.
-constexpr const char* kVendorClassloaderNamespaceName = "vendor-classloader-namespace";
-
-// (http://b/27588281) This is a workaround for apps using custom classloaders and calling
-// System.load() with an absolute path which is outside of the classloader library search path.
-// This list includes all directories app is allowed to access this way.
-constexpr const char* kWhitelistedDirectories = "/data:/mnt/expand";
-
-constexpr const char* kVendorLibPath = "/vendor/" LIB;
-constexpr const char* kProductLibPath = "/product/" LIB ":/system/product/" LIB;
-
-const std::regex kVendorDexPathRegex("(^|:)/vendor/");
-const std::regex kProductDexPathRegex("(^|:)(/system)?/product/");
-
-// Define origin of APK if it is from vendor partition or product partition
-typedef enum {
-  APK_ORIGIN_DEFAULT = 0,
-  APK_ORIGIN_VENDOR = 1,
-  APK_ORIGIN_PRODUCT = 2,
-} ApkOrigin;
-
-jobject GetParentClassLoader(JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader) {
-  jclass class_loader_class = env->FindClass("java/lang/ClassLoader");
-  jmethodID get_parent =
-      env->GetMethodID(class_loader_class, "getParent", "()Ljava/lang/ClassLoader;");
-
-  return env->CallObjectMethod(class_loader, get_parent);
-}
-
-ApkOrigin GetApkOriginFromDexPath(JNIEnv* env, jstring dex_path) {
-  ApkOrigin apk_origin = APK_ORIGIN_DEFAULT;
-
-  if (dex_path != nullptr) {
-    ScopedUtfChars dex_path_utf_chars(env, dex_path);
-
-    if (std::regex_search(dex_path_utf_chars.c_str(), kVendorDexPathRegex)) {
-      apk_origin = APK_ORIGIN_VENDOR;
-    }
-
-    if (std::regex_search(dex_path_utf_chars.c_str(), kProductDexPathRegex)) {
-      LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(apk_origin == APK_ORIGIN_VENDOR,
-                          "Dex path contains both vendor and product partition : %s",
-                          dex_path_utf_chars.c_str());
-
-      apk_origin = APK_ORIGIN_PRODUCT;
-    }
-  }
-  return apk_origin;
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
-void LibraryNamespaces::Initialize() {
-  // Once public namespace is initialized there is no
-  // point in running this code - it will have no effect
-  // on the current list of public libraries.
-  if (initialized_) {
-    return;
-  }
-
-  // android_init_namespaces() expects all the public libraries
-  // to be loaded so that they can be found by soname alone.
-  //
-  // TODO(dimitry): this is a bit misleading since we do not know
-  // if the vendor public library is going to be opened from /vendor/lib
-  // we might as well end up loading them from /system/lib or /product/lib
-  // For now we rely on CTS test to catch things like this but
-  // it should probably be addressed in the future.
-  for (const auto& soname : android::base::Split(preloadable_public_libraries(), ":")) {
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(dlopen(soname.c_str(), RTLD_NOW | RTLD_NODELETE) == nullptr,
-                        "Error preloading public library %s: %s", soname.c_str(), dlerror());
-  }
-}
-
-Result<NativeLoaderNamespace*> LibraryNamespaces::Create(JNIEnv* env, uint32_t target_sdk_version,
-                                                         jobject class_loader, bool is_shared,
-                                                         jstring dex_path,
-                                                         jstring java_library_path,
-                                                         jstring java_permitted_path) {
-  std::string library_path;  // empty string by default.
-
-  if (java_library_path != nullptr) {
-    ScopedUtfChars library_path_utf_chars(env, java_library_path);
-    library_path = library_path_utf_chars.c_str();
-  }
-
-  ApkOrigin apk_origin = GetApkOriginFromDexPath(env, dex_path);
-
-  // (http://b/27588281) This is a workaround for apps using custom
-  // classloaders and calling System.load() with an absolute path which
-  // is outside of the classloader library search path.
-  //
-  // This part effectively allows such a classloader to access anything
-  // under /data and /mnt/expand
-  std::string permitted_path = kWhitelistedDirectories;
-
-  if (java_permitted_path != nullptr) {
-    ScopedUtfChars path(env, java_permitted_path);
-    if (path.c_str() != nullptr && path.size() > 0) {
-      permitted_path = permitted_path + ":" + path.c_str();
-    }
-  }
-
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader) != nullptr,
-                      "There is already a namespace associated with this classloader");
-
-  std::string system_exposed_libraries = default_public_libraries();
-  const char* namespace_name = kClassloaderNamespaceName;
-  bool unbundled_vendor_or_product_app = false;
-  if ((apk_origin == APK_ORIGIN_VENDOR ||
-       (apk_origin == APK_ORIGIN_PRODUCT && target_sdk_version > 29)) &&
-      !is_shared) {
-    unbundled_vendor_or_product_app = true;
-    // For vendor / product apks, give access to the vendor / product lib even though
-    // they are treated as unbundled; the libs and apks are still bundled
-    // together in the vendor / product partition.
-    const char* origin_partition;
-    const char* origin_lib_path;
-
-    switch (apk_origin) {
-      case APK_ORIGIN_VENDOR:
-        origin_partition = "vendor";
-        origin_lib_path = kVendorLibPath;
-        break;
-      case APK_ORIGIN_PRODUCT:
-        origin_partition = "product";
-        origin_lib_path = kProductLibPath;
-        break;
-      default:
-        origin_partition = "unknown";
-        origin_lib_path = "";
-    }
-    library_path = library_path + ":" + origin_lib_path;
-    permitted_path = permitted_path + ":" + origin_lib_path;
-
-    // Also give access to LLNDK libraries since they are available to vendors
-    system_exposed_libraries = system_exposed_libraries + ":" + llndk_libraries().c_str();
-
-    // Different name is useful for debugging
-    namespace_name = kVendorClassloaderNamespaceName;
-    ALOGD("classloader namespace configured for unbundled %s apk. library_path=%s",
-          origin_partition, library_path.c_str());
-  } else {
-    // extended public libraries are NOT available to vendor apks, otherwise it
-    // would be system->vendor violation.
-    if (!extended_public_libraries().empty()) {
-      system_exposed_libraries = system_exposed_libraries + ':' + extended_public_libraries();
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Create the app namespace
-  NativeLoaderNamespace* parent_ns = FindParentNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader);
-  // Heuristic: the first classloader with non-empty library_path is assumed to
-  // be the main classloader for app
-  // TODO(b/139178525) remove this heuristic by determining this in LoadedApk (or its
-  // friends) and then passing it down to here.
-  bool is_main_classloader = app_main_namespace_ == nullptr && !library_path.empty();
-  // Policy: the namespace for the main classloader is also used as the
-  // anonymous namespace.
-  bool also_used_as_anonymous = is_main_classloader;
-  // Note: this function is executed with g_namespaces_mutex held, thus no
-  // racing here.
-  auto app_ns = NativeLoaderNamespace::Create(
-      namespace_name, library_path, permitted_path, parent_ns, is_shared,
-      target_sdk_version < 24 /* is_greylist_enabled */, also_used_as_anonymous);
-  if (!app_ns) {
-    return app_ns.error();
-  }
-  // ... and link to other namespaces to allow access to some public libraries
-  bool is_bridged = app_ns->IsBridged();
-
-  auto platform_ns = NativeLoaderNamespace::GetPlatformNamespace(is_bridged);
-  if (!platform_ns) {
-    return platform_ns.error();
-  }
-
-  auto linked = app_ns->Link(*platform_ns, system_exposed_libraries);
-  if (!linked) {
-    return linked.error();
-  }
-
-  auto runtime_ns = NativeLoaderNamespace::GetExportedNamespace(kRuntimeNamespaceName, is_bridged);
-  // Runtime apex does not exist in host, and under certain build conditions.
-  if (runtime_ns) {
-    linked = app_ns->Link(*runtime_ns, runtime_public_libraries());
-    if (!linked) {
-      return linked.error();
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Give access to NNAPI libraries (apex-updated LLNDK library).
-  auto nnapi_ns =
-      NativeLoaderNamespace::GetExportedNamespace(kNeuralNetworksNamespaceName, is_bridged);
-  if (nnapi_ns) {
-    linked = app_ns->Link(*nnapi_ns, neuralnetworks_public_libraries());
-    if (!linked) {
-      return linked.error();
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Give access to VNDK-SP libraries from the 'vndk' namespace.
-  if (unbundled_vendor_or_product_app && !vndksp_libraries().empty()) {
-    auto vndk_ns = NativeLoaderNamespace::GetExportedNamespace(kVndkNamespaceName, is_bridged);
-    if (vndk_ns) {
-      linked = app_ns->Link(*vndk_ns, vndksp_libraries());
-      if (!linked) {
-        return linked.error();
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (!vendor_public_libraries().empty()) {
-    auto vendor_ns = NativeLoaderNamespace::GetExportedNamespace(kVendorNamespaceName, is_bridged);
-    // when vendor_ns is not configured, link to the platform namespace
-    auto target_ns = vendor_ns ? vendor_ns : platform_ns;
-    if (target_ns) {
-      linked = app_ns->Link(*target_ns, vendor_public_libraries());
-      if (!linked) {
-        return linked.error();
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  namespaces_.push_back(std::make_pair(env->NewWeakGlobalRef(class_loader), *app_ns));
-  if (is_main_classloader) {
-    app_main_namespace_ = &(*app_ns);
-  }
-
-  return &(namespaces_.back().second);
-}
-
-NativeLoaderNamespace* LibraryNamespaces::FindNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env,
-                                                                     jobject class_loader) {
-  auto it = std::find_if(namespaces_.begin(), namespaces_.end(),
-                         [&](const std::pair<jweak, NativeLoaderNamespace>& value) {
-                           return env->IsSameObject(value.first, class_loader);
-                         });
-  if (it != namespaces_.end()) {
-    return &it->second;
-  }
-
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-NativeLoaderNamespace* LibraryNamespaces::FindParentNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env,
-                                                                           jobject class_loader) {
-  jobject parent_class_loader = GetParentClassLoader(env, class_loader);
-
-  while (parent_class_loader != nullptr) {
-    NativeLoaderNamespace* ns;
-    if ((ns = FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, parent_class_loader)) != nullptr) {
-      return ns;
-    }
-
-    parent_class_loader = GetParentClassLoader(env, parent_class_loader);
-  }
-
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-}  // namespace android::nativeloader
diff --git a/libnativeloader/library_namespaces.h b/libnativeloader/library_namespaces.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 7b3efff..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/library_namespaces.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#pragma once
-#if !defined(__ANDROID__)
-#error "Not available for host"
-#endif
-
-#define LOG_TAG "nativeloader"
-
-#include "native_loader_namespace.h"
-
-#include <list>
-#include <string>
-
-#include <android-base/result.h>
-#include <jni.h>
-
-namespace android::nativeloader {
-
-using android::base::Result;
-
-// LibraryNamespaces is a singleton object that manages NativeLoaderNamespace
-// objects for an app process. Its main job is to create (and configure) a new
-// NativeLoaderNamespace object for a Java ClassLoader, and to find an existing
-// object for a given ClassLoader.
-class LibraryNamespaces {
- public:
-  LibraryNamespaces() : initialized_(false), app_main_namespace_(nullptr) {}
-
-  LibraryNamespaces(LibraryNamespaces&&) = default;
-  LibraryNamespaces(const LibraryNamespaces&) = delete;
-  LibraryNamespaces& operator=(const LibraryNamespaces&) = delete;
-
-  void Initialize();
-  void Reset() {
-    namespaces_.clear();
-    initialized_ = false;
-    app_main_namespace_ = nullptr;
-  }
-  Result<NativeLoaderNamespace*> Create(JNIEnv* env, uint32_t target_sdk_version,
-                                        jobject class_loader, bool is_shared, jstring dex_path,
-                                        jstring java_library_path, jstring java_permitted_path);
-  NativeLoaderNamespace* FindNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader);
-
- private:
-  Result<void> InitPublicNamespace(const char* library_path);
-  NativeLoaderNamespace* FindParentNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader);
-
-  bool initialized_;
-  NativeLoaderNamespace* app_main_namespace_;
-  std::list<std::pair<jweak, NativeLoaderNamespace>> namespaces_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace android::nativeloader
diff --git a/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp b/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 60d462f..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/native_loader.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,258 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "nativeloader"
-
-#include "nativeloader/native_loader.h"
-
-#include <dlfcn.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/macros.h>
-#include <android-base/strings.h>
-#include <nativebridge/native_bridge.h>
-#include <nativehelper/ScopedUtfChars.h>
-
-#ifdef __ANDROID__
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include "library_namespaces.h"
-#include "nativeloader/dlext_namespaces.h"
-#endif
-
-namespace android {
-
-namespace {
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-using android::nativeloader::LibraryNamespaces;
-
-constexpr const char* kApexPath = "/apex/";
-
-std::mutex g_namespaces_mutex;
-LibraryNamespaces* g_namespaces = new LibraryNamespaces;
-
-android_namespace_t* FindExportedNamespace(const char* caller_location) {
-  std::string location = caller_location;
-  // Lots of implicit assumptions here: we expect `caller_location` to be of the form:
-  // /apex/com.android...modulename/...
-  //
-  // And we extract from it 'modulename', which is the name of the linker namespace.
-  if (android::base::StartsWith(location, kApexPath)) {
-    size_t slash_index = location.find_first_of('/', strlen(kApexPath));
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF((slash_index == std::string::npos),
-                        "Error finding namespace of apex: no slash in path %s", caller_location);
-    size_t dot_index = location.find_last_of('.', slash_index);
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF((dot_index == std::string::npos),
-                        "Error finding namespace of apex: no dot in apex name %s", caller_location);
-    std::string name = location.substr(dot_index + 1, slash_index - dot_index - 1);
-    // TODO(b/139408016): Rename the runtime namespace to "art".
-    if (name == "art") {
-      name = "runtime";
-    }
-    android_namespace_t* boot_namespace = android_get_exported_namespace(name.c_str());
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF((boot_namespace == nullptr),
-                        "Error finding namespace of apex: no namespace called %s", name.c_str());
-    return boot_namespace;
-  }
-  return nullptr;
-}
-#endif  // #if defined(__ANDROID__)
-}  // namespace
-
-void InitializeNativeLoader() {
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_namespaces_mutex);
-  g_namespaces->Initialize();
-#endif
-}
-
-void ResetNativeLoader() {
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_namespaces_mutex);
-  g_namespaces->Reset();
-#endif
-}
-
-jstring CreateClassLoaderNamespace(JNIEnv* env, int32_t target_sdk_version, jobject class_loader,
-                                   bool is_shared, jstring dex_path, jstring library_path,
-                                   jstring permitted_path) {
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_namespaces_mutex);
-  auto ns = g_namespaces->Create(env, target_sdk_version, class_loader, is_shared, dex_path,
-                                 library_path, permitted_path);
-  if (!ns) {
-    return env->NewStringUTF(ns.error().message().c_str());
-  }
-#else
-  UNUSED(env, target_sdk_version, class_loader, is_shared, dex_path, library_path, permitted_path);
-#endif
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-void* OpenNativeLibrary(JNIEnv* env, int32_t target_sdk_version, const char* path,
-                        jobject class_loader, const char* caller_location, jstring library_path,
-                        bool* needs_native_bridge, char** error_msg) {
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-  UNUSED(target_sdk_version);
-  if (class_loader == nullptr) {
-    *needs_native_bridge = false;
-    if (caller_location != nullptr) {
-      android_namespace_t* boot_namespace = FindExportedNamespace(caller_location);
-      if (boot_namespace != nullptr) {
-        const android_dlextinfo dlextinfo = {
-            .flags = ANDROID_DLEXT_USE_NAMESPACE,
-            .library_namespace = boot_namespace,
-        };
-        void* handle = android_dlopen_ext(path, RTLD_NOW, &dlextinfo);
-        if (handle == nullptr) {
-          *error_msg = strdup(dlerror());
-        }
-        return handle;
-      }
-    }
-    void* handle = dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW);
-    if (handle == nullptr) {
-      *error_msg = strdup(dlerror());
-    }
-    return handle;
-  }
-
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_namespaces_mutex);
-  NativeLoaderNamespace* ns;
-
-  if ((ns = g_namespaces->FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader)) == nullptr) {
-    // This is the case where the classloader was not created by ApplicationLoaders
-    // In this case we create an isolated not-shared namespace for it.
-    Result<NativeLoaderNamespace*> isolated_ns =
-        g_namespaces->Create(env, target_sdk_version, class_loader, false /* is_shared */, nullptr,
-                             library_path, nullptr);
-    if (!isolated_ns) {
-      *error_msg = strdup(isolated_ns.error().message().c_str());
-      return nullptr;
-    } else {
-      ns = *isolated_ns;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return OpenNativeLibraryInNamespace(ns, path, needs_native_bridge, error_msg);
-#else
-  UNUSED(env, target_sdk_version, class_loader, caller_location);
-
-  // Do some best effort to emulate library-path support. It will not
-  // work for dependencies.
-  //
-  // Note: null has a special meaning and must be preserved.
-  std::string c_library_path;  // Empty string by default.
-  if (library_path != nullptr && path != nullptr && path[0] != '/') {
-    ScopedUtfChars library_path_utf_chars(env, library_path);
-    c_library_path = library_path_utf_chars.c_str();
-  }
-
-  std::vector<std::string> library_paths = base::Split(c_library_path, ":");
-
-  for (const std::string& lib_path : library_paths) {
-    *needs_native_bridge = false;
-    const char* path_arg;
-    std::string complete_path;
-    if (path == nullptr) {
-      // Preserve null.
-      path_arg = nullptr;
-    } else {
-      complete_path = lib_path;
-      if (!complete_path.empty()) {
-        complete_path.append("/");
-      }
-      complete_path.append(path);
-      path_arg = complete_path.c_str();
-    }
-    void* handle = dlopen(path_arg, RTLD_NOW);
-    if (handle != nullptr) {
-      return handle;
-    }
-    if (NativeBridgeIsSupported(path_arg)) {
-      *needs_native_bridge = true;
-      handle = NativeBridgeLoadLibrary(path_arg, RTLD_NOW);
-      if (handle != nullptr) {
-        return handle;
-      }
-      *error_msg = strdup(NativeBridgeGetError());
-    } else {
-      *error_msg = strdup(dlerror());
-    }
-  }
-  return nullptr;
-#endif
-}
-
-bool CloseNativeLibrary(void* handle, const bool needs_native_bridge, char** error_msg) {
-  bool success;
-  if (needs_native_bridge) {
-    success = (NativeBridgeUnloadLibrary(handle) == 0);
-    if (!success) {
-      *error_msg = strdup(NativeBridgeGetError());
-    }
-  } else {
-    success = (dlclose(handle) == 0);
-    if (!success) {
-      *error_msg = strdup(dlerror());
-    }
-  }
-
-  return success;
-}
-
-void NativeLoaderFreeErrorMessage(char* msg) {
-  // The error messages get allocated through strdup, so we must call free on them.
-  free(msg);
-}
-
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-void* OpenNativeLibraryInNamespace(NativeLoaderNamespace* ns, const char* path,
-                                   bool* needs_native_bridge, char** error_msg) {
-  auto handle = ns->Load(path);
-  if (!handle && error_msg != nullptr) {
-    *error_msg = strdup(handle.error().message().c_str());
-  }
-  if (needs_native_bridge != nullptr) {
-    *needs_native_bridge = ns->IsBridged();
-  }
-  return handle ? *handle : nullptr;
-}
-
-// native_bridge_namespaces are not supported for callers of this function.
-// This function will return nullptr in the case when application is running
-// on native bridge.
-android_namespace_t* FindNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_namespaces_mutex);
-  NativeLoaderNamespace* ns = g_namespaces->FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader);
-  if (ns != nullptr && !ns->IsBridged()) {
-    return ns->ToRawAndroidNamespace();
-  }
-  return nullptr;
-}
-
-NativeLoaderNamespace* FindNativeLoaderNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader) {
-  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_namespaces_mutex);
-  return g_namespaces->FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env, class_loader);
-}
-#endif
-
-};  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativeloader/native_loader_lazy.cpp b/libnativeloader/native_loader_lazy.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 2eb1203..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/native_loader_lazy.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include "nativeloader/native_loader.h"
-#define LOG_TAG "nativeloader"
-
-#include <dlfcn.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-namespace {
-
-void* GetLibHandle() {
-  static void* handle = dlopen("libnativeloader.so", RTLD_NOW);
-  LOG_FATAL_IF(handle == nullptr, "Failed to load libnativeloader.so: %s", dlerror());
-  return handle;
-}
-
-template <typename FuncPtr>
-FuncPtr GetFuncPtr(const char* function_name) {
-  auto f = reinterpret_cast<FuncPtr>(dlsym(GetLibHandle(), function_name));
-  LOG_FATAL_IF(f == nullptr, "Failed to get address of %s: %s", function_name, dlerror());
-  return f;
-}
-
-#define GET_FUNC_PTR(name) GetFuncPtr<decltype(&name)>(#name)
-
-}  // namespace
-
-void InitializeNativeLoader() {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(InitializeNativeLoader);
-  return f();
-}
-
-jstring CreateClassLoaderNamespace(JNIEnv* env, int32_t target_sdk_version, jobject class_loader,
-                                   bool is_shared, jstring dex_path, jstring library_path,
-                                   jstring permitted_path) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(CreateClassLoaderNamespace);
-  return f(env, target_sdk_version, class_loader, is_shared, dex_path, library_path,
-           permitted_path);
-}
-
-void* OpenNativeLibrary(JNIEnv* env, int32_t target_sdk_version, const char* path,
-                        jobject class_loader, const char* caller_location, jstring library_path,
-                        bool* needs_native_bridge, char** error_msg) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(OpenNativeLibrary);
-  return f(env, target_sdk_version, path, class_loader, caller_location, library_path,
-           needs_native_bridge, error_msg);
-}
-
-bool CloseNativeLibrary(void* handle, const bool needs_native_bridge, char** error_msg) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(CloseNativeLibrary);
-  return f(handle, needs_native_bridge, error_msg);
-}
-
-void NativeLoaderFreeErrorMessage(char* msg) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(NativeLoaderFreeErrorMessage);
-  return f(msg);
-}
-
-struct android_namespace_t* FindNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env, jobject class_loader) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(FindNamespaceByClassLoader);
-  return f(env, class_loader);
-}
-
-struct NativeLoaderNamespace* FindNativeLoaderNamespaceByClassLoader(JNIEnv* env,
-                                                                     jobject class_loader) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(FindNativeLoaderNamespaceByClassLoader);
-  return f(env, class_loader);
-}
-
-void* OpenNativeLibraryInNamespace(struct NativeLoaderNamespace* ns, const char* path,
-                                   bool* needs_native_bridge, char** error_msg) {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(OpenNativeLibraryInNamespace);
-  return f(ns, path, needs_native_bridge, error_msg);
-}
-
-void ResetNativeLoader() {
-  static auto f = GET_FUNC_PTR(ResetNativeLoader);
-  return f();
-}
-
-#undef GET_FUNC_PTR
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativeloader/native_loader_namespace.cpp b/libnativeloader/native_loader_namespace.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index a81fddf..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/native_loader_namespace.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,178 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "nativeloader"
-
-#include "native_loader_namespace.h"
-
-#include <dlfcn.h>
-
-#include <functional>
-
-#include <android-base/strings.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <nativebridge/native_bridge.h>
-
-#include "nativeloader/dlext_namespaces.h"
-
-using android::base::Error;
-using android::base::Errorf;
-
-namespace android {
-
-namespace {
-
-constexpr const char* kDefaultNamespaceName = "default";
-constexpr const char* kPlatformNamespaceName = "platform";
-
-std::string GetLinkerError(bool is_bridged) {
-  const char* msg = is_bridged ? NativeBridgeGetError() : dlerror();
-  if (msg == nullptr) {
-    return "no error";
-  }
-  return std::string(msg);
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
-Result<NativeLoaderNamespace> NativeLoaderNamespace::GetExportedNamespace(const std::string& name,
-                                                                          bool is_bridged) {
-  if (!is_bridged) {
-    auto raw = android_get_exported_namespace(name.c_str());
-    if (raw != nullptr) {
-      return NativeLoaderNamespace(name, raw);
-    }
-  } else {
-    auto raw = NativeBridgeGetExportedNamespace(name.c_str());
-    if (raw != nullptr) {
-      return NativeLoaderNamespace(name, raw);
-    }
-  }
-  return Errorf("namespace {} does not exist or exported", name);
-}
-
-// The platform namespace is called "default" for binaries in /system and
-// "platform" for those in the Runtime APEX. Try "platform" first since
-// "default" always exists.
-Result<NativeLoaderNamespace> NativeLoaderNamespace::GetPlatformNamespace(bool is_bridged) {
-  auto ns = GetExportedNamespace(kPlatformNamespaceName, is_bridged);
-  if (ns) return ns;
-  ns = GetExportedNamespace(kDefaultNamespaceName, is_bridged);
-  if (ns) return ns;
-
-  // If nothing is found, return NativeLoaderNamespace constructed from nullptr.
-  // nullptr also means default namespace to the linker.
-  if (!is_bridged) {
-    return NativeLoaderNamespace(kDefaultNamespaceName, static_cast<android_namespace_t*>(nullptr));
-  } else {
-    return NativeLoaderNamespace(kDefaultNamespaceName,
-                                 static_cast<native_bridge_namespace_t*>(nullptr));
-  }
-}
-
-Result<NativeLoaderNamespace> NativeLoaderNamespace::Create(
-    const std::string& name, const std::string& search_paths, const std::string& permitted_paths,
-    const NativeLoaderNamespace* parent, bool is_shared, bool is_greylist_enabled,
-    bool also_used_as_anonymous) {
-  bool is_bridged = false;
-  if (parent != nullptr) {
-    is_bridged = parent->IsBridged();
-  } else if (!search_paths.empty()) {
-    is_bridged = NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(search_paths.c_str());
-  }
-
-  // Fall back to the platform namespace if no parent is set.
-  auto platform_ns = GetPlatformNamespace(is_bridged);
-  if (!platform_ns) {
-    return platform_ns.error();
-  }
-  const NativeLoaderNamespace& effective_parent = parent != nullptr ? *parent : *platform_ns;
-
-  // All namespaces for apps are isolated
-  uint64_t type = ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_ISOLATED;
-
-  // The namespace is also used as the anonymous namespace
-  // which is used when the linker fails to determine the caller address
-  if (also_used_as_anonymous) {
-    type |= ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_ALSO_USED_AS_ANONYMOUS;
-  }
-
-  // Bundled apps have access to all system libraries that are currently loaded
-  // in the default namespace
-  if (is_shared) {
-    type |= ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_SHARED;
-  }
-  if (is_greylist_enabled) {
-    type |= ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_GREYLIST_ENABLED;
-  }
-
-  if (!is_bridged) {
-    android_namespace_t* raw =
-        android_create_namespace(name.c_str(), nullptr, search_paths.c_str(), type,
-                                 permitted_paths.c_str(), effective_parent.ToRawAndroidNamespace());
-    if (raw != nullptr) {
-      return NativeLoaderNamespace(name, raw);
-    }
-  } else {
-    native_bridge_namespace_t* raw = NativeBridgeCreateNamespace(
-        name.c_str(), nullptr, search_paths.c_str(), type, permitted_paths.c_str(),
-        effective_parent.ToRawNativeBridgeNamespace());
-    if (raw != nullptr) {
-      return NativeLoaderNamespace(name, raw);
-    }
-  }
-  return Errorf("failed to create {} namespace name:{}, search_paths:{}, permitted_paths:{}",
-                is_bridged ? "bridged" : "native", name, search_paths, permitted_paths);
-}
-
-Result<void> NativeLoaderNamespace::Link(const NativeLoaderNamespace& target,
-                                         const std::string& shared_libs) const {
-  LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(shared_libs.empty(), "empty share lib when linking %s to %s",
-                      this->name().c_str(), target.name().c_str());
-  if (!IsBridged()) {
-    if (android_link_namespaces(this->ToRawAndroidNamespace(), target.ToRawAndroidNamespace(),
-                                shared_libs.c_str())) {
-      return {};
-    }
-  } else {
-    if (NativeBridgeLinkNamespaces(this->ToRawNativeBridgeNamespace(),
-                                   target.ToRawNativeBridgeNamespace(), shared_libs.c_str())) {
-      return {};
-    }
-  }
-  return Error() << GetLinkerError(IsBridged());
-}
-
-Result<void*> NativeLoaderNamespace::Load(const char* lib_name) const {
-  if (!IsBridged()) {
-    android_dlextinfo extinfo;
-    extinfo.flags = ANDROID_DLEXT_USE_NAMESPACE;
-    extinfo.library_namespace = this->ToRawAndroidNamespace();
-    void* handle = android_dlopen_ext(lib_name, RTLD_NOW, &extinfo);
-    if (handle != nullptr) {
-      return handle;
-    }
-  } else {
-    void* handle =
-        NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt(lib_name, RTLD_NOW, this->ToRawNativeBridgeNamespace());
-    if (handle != nullptr) {
-      return handle;
-    }
-  }
-  return Error() << GetLinkerError(IsBridged());
-}
-
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativeloader/native_loader_namespace.h b/libnativeloader/native_loader_namespace.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 7200ee7..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/native_loader_namespace.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#pragma once
-#if defined(__ANDROID__)
-
-#include <string>
-#include <variant>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android-base/result.h>
-#include <android/dlext.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-#include <nativebridge/native_bridge.h>
-
-namespace android {
-
-using android::base::Result;
-
-// NativeLoaderNamespace abstracts a linker namespace for the native
-// architecture (ex: arm on arm) or the translated architecture (ex: arm on
-// x86). Instances of this class are managed by LibraryNamespaces object.
-struct NativeLoaderNamespace {
- public:
-  static Result<NativeLoaderNamespace> Create(const std::string& name,
-                                              const std::string& search_paths,
-                                              const std::string& permitted_paths,
-                                              const NativeLoaderNamespace* parent, bool is_shared,
-                                              bool is_greylist_enabled,
-                                              bool also_used_as_anonymous);
-
-  NativeLoaderNamespace(NativeLoaderNamespace&&) = default;
-  NativeLoaderNamespace(const NativeLoaderNamespace&) = default;
-  NativeLoaderNamespace& operator=(const NativeLoaderNamespace&) = default;
-
-  android_namespace_t* ToRawAndroidNamespace() const { return std::get<0>(raw_); }
-  native_bridge_namespace_t* ToRawNativeBridgeNamespace() const { return std::get<1>(raw_); }
-
-  std::string name() const { return name_; }
-  bool IsBridged() const { return raw_.index() == 1; }
-
-  Result<void> Link(const NativeLoaderNamespace& target, const std::string& shared_libs) const;
-  Result<void*> Load(const char* lib_name) const;
-
-  static Result<NativeLoaderNamespace> GetExportedNamespace(const std::string& name,
-                                                            bool is_bridged);
-  static Result<NativeLoaderNamespace> GetPlatformNamespace(bool is_bridged);
-
- private:
-  explicit NativeLoaderNamespace(const std::string& name, android_namespace_t* ns)
-      : name_(name), raw_(ns) {}
-  explicit NativeLoaderNamespace(const std::string& name, native_bridge_namespace_t* ns)
-      : name_(name), raw_(ns) {}
-
-  std::string name_;
-  std::variant<android_namespace_t*, native_bridge_namespace_t*> raw_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace android
-#endif  // #if defined(__ANDROID__)
diff --git a/libnativeloader/native_loader_test.cpp b/libnativeloader/native_loader_test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 46e2780..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/native_loader_test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,663 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <dlfcn.h>
-#include <memory>
-#include <unordered_map>
-
-#include <android-base/strings.h>
-#include <gmock/gmock.h>
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
-#include <jni.h>
-
-#include "native_loader_namespace.h"
-#include "nativeloader/dlext_namespaces.h"
-#include "nativeloader/native_loader.h"
-#include "public_libraries.h"
-
-using namespace ::testing;
-using namespace ::android::nativeloader::internal;
-
-namespace android {
-namespace nativeloader {
-
-// gmock interface that represents interested platform APIs on libdl and libnativebridge
-class Platform {
- public:
-  virtual ~Platform() {}
-
-  // libdl APIs
-  virtual void* dlopen(const char* filename, int flags) = 0;
-  virtual int dlclose(void* handle) = 0;
-  virtual char* dlerror(void) = 0;
-
-  // These mock_* are the APIs semantically the same across libdl and libnativebridge.
-  // Instead of having two set of mock APIs for the two, define only one set with an additional
-  // argument 'bool bridged' to identify the context (i.e., called for libdl or libnativebridge).
-  typedef char* mock_namespace_handle;
-  virtual bool mock_init_anonymous_namespace(bool bridged, const char* sonames,
-                                             const char* search_paths) = 0;
-  virtual mock_namespace_handle mock_create_namespace(
-      bool bridged, const char* name, const char* ld_library_path, const char* default_library_path,
-      uint64_t type, const char* permitted_when_isolated_path, mock_namespace_handle parent) = 0;
-  virtual bool mock_link_namespaces(bool bridged, mock_namespace_handle from,
-                                    mock_namespace_handle to, const char* sonames) = 0;
-  virtual mock_namespace_handle mock_get_exported_namespace(bool bridged, const char* name) = 0;
-  virtual void* mock_dlopen_ext(bool bridged, const char* filename, int flags,
-                                mock_namespace_handle ns) = 0;
-
-  // libnativebridge APIs for which libdl has no corresponding APIs
-  virtual bool NativeBridgeInitialized() = 0;
-  virtual const char* NativeBridgeGetError() = 0;
-  virtual bool NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(const char*) = 0;
-  virtual bool NativeBridgeIsSupported(const char*) = 0;
-
-  // To mock "ClassLoader Object.getParent()"
-  virtual const char* JniObject_getParent(const char*) = 0;
-};
-
-// The mock does not actually create a namespace object. But simply casts the pointer to the
-// string for the namespace name as the handle to the namespace object.
-#define TO_ANDROID_NAMESPACE(str) \
-  reinterpret_cast<struct android_namespace_t*>(const_cast<char*>(str))
-
-#define TO_BRIDGED_NAMESPACE(str) \
-  reinterpret_cast<struct native_bridge_namespace_t*>(const_cast<char*>(str))
-
-#define TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(ns) reinterpret_cast<Platform::mock_namespace_handle>(ns)
-
-// These represents built-in namespaces created by the linker according to ld.config.txt
-static std::unordered_map<std::string, Platform::mock_namespace_handle> namespaces = {
-    {"platform", TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(TO_ANDROID_NAMESPACE("platform"))},
-    {"default", TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(TO_ANDROID_NAMESPACE("default"))},
-    {"runtime", TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(TO_ANDROID_NAMESPACE("runtime"))},
-    {"sphal", TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(TO_ANDROID_NAMESPACE("sphal"))},
-    {"vndk", TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(TO_ANDROID_NAMESPACE("vndk"))},
-    {"neuralnetworks", TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(TO_ANDROID_NAMESPACE("neuralnetworks"))},
-};
-
-// The actual gmock object
-class MockPlatform : public Platform {
- public:
-  explicit MockPlatform(bool is_bridged) : is_bridged_(is_bridged) {
-    ON_CALL(*this, NativeBridgeIsSupported(_)).WillByDefault(Return(is_bridged_));
-    ON_CALL(*this, NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(_)).WillByDefault(Return(is_bridged_));
-    ON_CALL(*this, mock_get_exported_namespace(_, _))
-        .WillByDefault(Invoke([](bool, const char* name) -> mock_namespace_handle {
-          if (namespaces.find(name) != namespaces.end()) {
-            return namespaces[name];
-          }
-          return TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(TO_ANDROID_NAMESPACE("(namespace not found"));
-        }));
-  }
-
-  // Mocking libdl APIs
-  MOCK_METHOD2(dlopen, void*(const char*, int));
-  MOCK_METHOD1(dlclose, int(void*));
-  MOCK_METHOD0(dlerror, char*());
-
-  // Mocking the common APIs
-  MOCK_METHOD3(mock_init_anonymous_namespace, bool(bool, const char*, const char*));
-  MOCK_METHOD7(mock_create_namespace,
-               mock_namespace_handle(bool, const char*, const char*, const char*, uint64_t,
-                                     const char*, mock_namespace_handle));
-  MOCK_METHOD4(mock_link_namespaces,
-               bool(bool, mock_namespace_handle, mock_namespace_handle, const char*));
-  MOCK_METHOD2(mock_get_exported_namespace, mock_namespace_handle(bool, const char*));
-  MOCK_METHOD4(mock_dlopen_ext, void*(bool, const char*, int, mock_namespace_handle));
-
-  // Mocking libnativebridge APIs
-  MOCK_METHOD0(NativeBridgeInitialized, bool());
-  MOCK_METHOD0(NativeBridgeGetError, const char*());
-  MOCK_METHOD1(NativeBridgeIsPathSupported, bool(const char*));
-  MOCK_METHOD1(NativeBridgeIsSupported, bool(const char*));
-
-  // Mocking "ClassLoader Object.getParent()"
-  MOCK_METHOD1(JniObject_getParent, const char*(const char*));
-
- private:
-  bool is_bridged_;
-};
-
-static std::unique_ptr<MockPlatform> mock;
-
-// Provide C wrappers for the mock object.
-extern "C" {
-void* dlopen(const char* file, int flag) {
-  return mock->dlopen(file, flag);
-}
-
-int dlclose(void* handle) {
-  return mock->dlclose(handle);
-}
-
-char* dlerror(void) {
-  return mock->dlerror();
-}
-
-bool android_init_anonymous_namespace(const char* sonames, const char* search_path) {
-  return mock->mock_init_anonymous_namespace(false, sonames, search_path);
-}
-
-struct android_namespace_t* android_create_namespace(const char* name, const char* ld_library_path,
-                                                     const char* default_library_path,
-                                                     uint64_t type,
-                                                     const char* permitted_when_isolated_path,
-                                                     struct android_namespace_t* parent) {
-  return TO_ANDROID_NAMESPACE(
-      mock->mock_create_namespace(false, name, ld_library_path, default_library_path, type,
-                                  permitted_when_isolated_path, TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(parent)));
-}
-
-bool android_link_namespaces(struct android_namespace_t* from, struct android_namespace_t* to,
-                             const char* sonames) {
-  return mock->mock_link_namespaces(false, TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(from), TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(to), sonames);
-}
-
-struct android_namespace_t* android_get_exported_namespace(const char* name) {
-  return TO_ANDROID_NAMESPACE(mock->mock_get_exported_namespace(false, name));
-}
-
-void* android_dlopen_ext(const char* filename, int flags, const android_dlextinfo* info) {
-  return mock->mock_dlopen_ext(false, filename, flags, TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(info->library_namespace));
-}
-
-// libnativebridge APIs
-bool NativeBridgeIsSupported(const char* libpath) {
-  return mock->NativeBridgeIsSupported(libpath);
-}
-
-struct native_bridge_namespace_t* NativeBridgeGetExportedNamespace(const char* name) {
-  return TO_BRIDGED_NAMESPACE(mock->mock_get_exported_namespace(true, name));
-}
-
-struct native_bridge_namespace_t* NativeBridgeCreateNamespace(
-    const char* name, const char* ld_library_path, const char* default_library_path, uint64_t type,
-    const char* permitted_when_isolated_path, struct native_bridge_namespace_t* parent) {
-  return TO_BRIDGED_NAMESPACE(
-      mock->mock_create_namespace(true, name, ld_library_path, default_library_path, type,
-                                  permitted_when_isolated_path, TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(parent)));
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeLinkNamespaces(struct native_bridge_namespace_t* from,
-                                struct native_bridge_namespace_t* to, const char* sonames) {
-  return mock->mock_link_namespaces(true, TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(from), TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(to), sonames);
-}
-
-void* NativeBridgeLoadLibraryExt(const char* libpath, int flag,
-                                 struct native_bridge_namespace_t* ns) {
-  return mock->mock_dlopen_ext(true, libpath, flag, TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(ns));
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeInitialized() {
-  return mock->NativeBridgeInitialized();
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeInitAnonymousNamespace(const char* public_ns_sonames,
-                                        const char* anon_ns_library_path) {
-  return mock->mock_init_anonymous_namespace(true, public_ns_sonames, anon_ns_library_path);
-}
-
-const char* NativeBridgeGetError() {
-  return mock->NativeBridgeGetError();
-}
-
-bool NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(const char* path) {
-  return mock->NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(path);
-}
-
-}  // extern "C"
-
-// A very simple JNI mock.
-// jstring is a pointer to utf8 char array. We don't need utf16 char here.
-// jobject, jclass, and jmethodID are also a pointer to utf8 char array
-// Only a few JNI methods that are actually used in libnativeloader are mocked.
-JNINativeInterface* CreateJNINativeInterface() {
-  JNINativeInterface* inf = new JNINativeInterface();
-  memset(inf, 0, sizeof(JNINativeInterface));
-
-  inf->GetStringUTFChars = [](JNIEnv*, jstring s, jboolean*) -> const char* {
-    return reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s);
-  };
-
-  inf->ReleaseStringUTFChars = [](JNIEnv*, jstring, const char*) -> void { return; };
-
-  inf->NewStringUTF = [](JNIEnv*, const char* bytes) -> jstring {
-    return reinterpret_cast<jstring>(const_cast<char*>(bytes));
-  };
-
-  inf->FindClass = [](JNIEnv*, const char* name) -> jclass {
-    return reinterpret_cast<jclass>(const_cast<char*>(name));
-  };
-
-  inf->CallObjectMethodV = [](JNIEnv*, jobject obj, jmethodID mid, va_list) -> jobject {
-    if (strcmp("getParent", reinterpret_cast<const char*>(mid)) == 0) {
-      // JniObject_getParent can be a valid jobject or nullptr if there is
-      // no parent classloader.
-      const char* ret = mock->JniObject_getParent(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(obj));
-      return reinterpret_cast<jobject>(const_cast<char*>(ret));
-    }
-    return nullptr;
-  };
-
-  inf->GetMethodID = [](JNIEnv*, jclass, const char* name, const char*) -> jmethodID {
-    return reinterpret_cast<jmethodID>(const_cast<char*>(name));
-  };
-
-  inf->NewWeakGlobalRef = [](JNIEnv*, jobject obj) -> jobject { return obj; };
-
-  inf->IsSameObject = [](JNIEnv*, jobject a, jobject b) -> jboolean {
-    return strcmp(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(a), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(b)) == 0;
-  };
-
-  return inf;
-}
-
-static void* const any_nonnull = reinterpret_cast<void*>(0x12345678);
-
-// Custom matcher for comparing namespace handles
-MATCHER_P(NsEq, other, "") {
-  *result_listener << "comparing " << reinterpret_cast<const char*>(arg) << " and " << other;
-  return strcmp(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(arg), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(other)) == 0;
-}
-
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-// Test fixture
-class NativeLoaderTest : public ::testing::TestWithParam<bool> {
- protected:
-  bool IsBridged() { return GetParam(); }
-
-  void SetUp() override {
-    mock = std::make_unique<NiceMock<MockPlatform>>(IsBridged());
-
-    env = std::make_unique<JNIEnv>();
-    env->functions = CreateJNINativeInterface();
-  }
-
-  void SetExpectations() {
-    std::vector<std::string> default_public_libs =
-        android::base::Split(preloadable_public_libraries(), ":");
-    for (auto l : default_public_libs) {
-      EXPECT_CALL(*mock, dlopen(StrEq(l.c_str()), RTLD_NOW | RTLD_NODELETE))
-          .WillOnce(Return(any_nonnull));
-    }
-  }
-
-  void RunTest() { InitializeNativeLoader(); }
-
-  void TearDown() override {
-    ResetNativeLoader();
-    delete env->functions;
-    mock.reset();
-  }
-
-  std::unique_ptr<JNIEnv> env;
-};
-
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-TEST_P(NativeLoaderTest, InitializeLoadsDefaultPublicLibraries) {
-  SetExpectations();
-  RunTest();
-}
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(NativeLoaderTests, NativeLoaderTest, testing::Bool());
-
-/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
-
-class NativeLoaderTest_Create : public NativeLoaderTest {
- protected:
-  // Test inputs (initialized to the default values). Overriding these
-  // must be done before calling SetExpectations() and RunTest().
-  uint32_t target_sdk_version = 29;
-  std::string class_loader = "my_classloader";
-  bool is_shared = false;
-  std::string dex_path = "/data/app/foo/classes.dex";
-  std::string library_path = "/data/app/foo/lib/arm";
-  std::string permitted_path = "/data/app/foo/lib";
-
-  // expected output (.. for the default test inputs)
-  std::string expected_namespace_name = "classloader-namespace";
-  uint64_t expected_namespace_flags =
-      ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_ISOLATED | ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_ALSO_USED_AS_ANONYMOUS;
-  std::string expected_library_path = library_path;
-  std::string expected_permitted_path = std::string("/data:/mnt/expand:") + permitted_path;
-  std::string expected_parent_namespace = "platform";
-  bool expected_link_with_platform_ns = true;
-  bool expected_link_with_runtime_ns = true;
-  bool expected_link_with_sphal_ns = !vendor_public_libraries().empty();
-  bool expected_link_with_vndk_ns = false;
-  bool expected_link_with_default_ns = false;
-  bool expected_link_with_neuralnetworks_ns = true;
-  std::string expected_shared_libs_to_platform_ns = default_public_libraries();
-  std::string expected_shared_libs_to_runtime_ns = runtime_public_libraries();
-  std::string expected_shared_libs_to_sphal_ns = vendor_public_libraries();
-  std::string expected_shared_libs_to_vndk_ns = vndksp_libraries();
-  std::string expected_shared_libs_to_default_ns = default_public_libraries();
-  std::string expected_shared_libs_to_neuralnetworks_ns = neuralnetworks_public_libraries();
-
-  void SetExpectations() {
-    NativeLoaderTest::SetExpectations();
-
-    ON_CALL(*mock, JniObject_getParent(StrEq(class_loader))).WillByDefault(Return(nullptr));
-
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mock, NativeBridgeIsPathSupported(_)).Times(AnyNumber());
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mock, NativeBridgeInitialized()).Times(AnyNumber());
-
-    EXPECT_CALL(*mock, mock_create_namespace(
-                           Eq(IsBridged()), StrEq(expected_namespace_name), nullptr,
-                           StrEq(expected_library_path), expected_namespace_flags,
-                           StrEq(expected_permitted_path), NsEq(expected_parent_namespace.c_str())))
-        .WillOnce(Return(TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(TO_ANDROID_NAMESPACE(dex_path.c_str()))));
-    if (expected_link_with_platform_ns) {
-      EXPECT_CALL(*mock, mock_link_namespaces(Eq(IsBridged()), _, NsEq("platform"),
-                                              StrEq(expected_shared_libs_to_platform_ns)))
-          .WillOnce(Return(true));
-    }
-    if (expected_link_with_runtime_ns) {
-      EXPECT_CALL(*mock, mock_link_namespaces(Eq(IsBridged()), _, NsEq("runtime"),
-                                              StrEq(expected_shared_libs_to_runtime_ns)))
-          .WillOnce(Return(true));
-    }
-    if (expected_link_with_sphal_ns) {
-      EXPECT_CALL(*mock, mock_link_namespaces(Eq(IsBridged()), _, NsEq("sphal"),
-                                              StrEq(expected_shared_libs_to_sphal_ns)))
-          .WillOnce(Return(true));
-    }
-    if (expected_link_with_vndk_ns) {
-      EXPECT_CALL(*mock, mock_link_namespaces(Eq(IsBridged()), _, NsEq("vndk"),
-                                              StrEq(expected_shared_libs_to_vndk_ns)))
-          .WillOnce(Return(true));
-    }
-    if (expected_link_with_default_ns) {
-      EXPECT_CALL(*mock, mock_link_namespaces(Eq(IsBridged()), _, NsEq("default"),
-                                              StrEq(expected_shared_libs_to_default_ns)))
-          .WillOnce(Return(true));
-    }
-    if (expected_link_with_neuralnetworks_ns) {
-      EXPECT_CALL(*mock, mock_link_namespaces(Eq(IsBridged()), _, NsEq("neuralnetworks"),
-                                              StrEq(expected_shared_libs_to_neuralnetworks_ns)))
-          .WillOnce(Return(true));
-    }
-  }
-
-  void RunTest() {
-    NativeLoaderTest::RunTest();
-
-    jstring err = CreateClassLoaderNamespace(
-        env(), target_sdk_version, env()->NewStringUTF(class_loader.c_str()), is_shared,
-        env()->NewStringUTF(dex_path.c_str()), env()->NewStringUTF(library_path.c_str()),
-        env()->NewStringUTF(permitted_path.c_str()));
-
-    // no error
-    EXPECT_EQ(err, nullptr);
-
-    if (!IsBridged()) {
-      struct android_namespace_t* ns =
-          FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env(), env()->NewStringUTF(class_loader.c_str()));
-
-      // The created namespace is for this apk
-      EXPECT_EQ(dex_path.c_str(), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ns));
-    } else {
-      struct NativeLoaderNamespace* ns =
-          FindNativeLoaderNamespaceByClassLoader(env(), env()->NewStringUTF(class_loader.c_str()));
-
-      // The created namespace is for the this apk
-      EXPECT_STREQ(dex_path.c_str(),
-                   reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ns->ToRawNativeBridgeNamespace()));
-    }
-  }
-
-  JNIEnv* env() { return NativeLoaderTest::env.get(); }
-};
-
-TEST_P(NativeLoaderTest_Create, DownloadedApp) {
-  SetExpectations();
-  RunTest();
-}
-
-TEST_P(NativeLoaderTest_Create, BundledSystemApp) {
-  dex_path = "/system/app/foo/foo.apk";
-  is_shared = true;
-
-  expected_namespace_flags |= ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_SHARED;
-  SetExpectations();
-  RunTest();
-}
-
-TEST_P(NativeLoaderTest_Create, BundledVendorApp) {
-  dex_path = "/vendor/app/foo/foo.apk";
-  is_shared = true;
-
-  expected_namespace_flags |= ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_SHARED;
-  SetExpectations();
-  RunTest();
-}
-
-TEST_P(NativeLoaderTest_Create, UnbundledVendorApp) {
-  dex_path = "/vendor/app/foo/foo.apk";
-  is_shared = false;
-
-  expected_namespace_name = "vendor-classloader-namespace";
-  expected_library_path = expected_library_path + ":/vendor/lib";
-  expected_permitted_path = expected_permitted_path + ":/vendor/lib";
-  expected_shared_libs_to_platform_ns =
-      expected_shared_libs_to_platform_ns + ":" + llndk_libraries();
-  expected_link_with_vndk_ns = true;
-  SetExpectations();
-  RunTest();
-}
-
-TEST_P(NativeLoaderTest_Create, BundledProductApp_pre30) {
-  dex_path = "/product/app/foo/foo.apk";
-  is_shared = true;
-
-  expected_namespace_flags |= ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_SHARED;
-  SetExpectations();
-  RunTest();
-}
-
-TEST_P(NativeLoaderTest_Create, BundledProductApp_post30) {
-  dex_path = "/product/app/foo/foo.apk";
-  is_shared = true;
-  target_sdk_version = 30;
-
-  expected_namespace_flags |= ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_SHARED;
-  SetExpectations();
-  RunTest();
-}
-
-TEST_P(NativeLoaderTest_Create, UnbundledProductApp_pre30) {
-  dex_path = "/product/app/foo/foo.apk";
-  is_shared = false;
-  SetExpectations();
-  RunTest();
-}
-
-TEST_P(NativeLoaderTest_Create, UnbundledProductApp_post30) {
-  dex_path = "/product/app/foo/foo.apk";
-  is_shared = false;
-  target_sdk_version = 30;
-
-  expected_namespace_name = "vendor-classloader-namespace";
-  expected_library_path = expected_library_path + ":/product/lib:/system/product/lib";
-  expected_permitted_path = expected_permitted_path + ":/product/lib:/system/product/lib";
-  expected_shared_libs_to_platform_ns =
-      expected_shared_libs_to_platform_ns + ":" + llndk_libraries();
-  expected_link_with_vndk_ns = true;
-  SetExpectations();
-  RunTest();
-}
-
-TEST_P(NativeLoaderTest_Create, NamespaceForSharedLibIsNotUsedAsAnonymousNamespace) {
-  if (IsBridged()) {
-    // There is no shared lib in translated arch
-    // TODO(jiyong): revisit this
-    return;
-  }
-  // compared to apks, for java shared libs, library_path is empty; java shared
-  // libs don't have their own native libs. They use platform's.
-  library_path = "";
-  expected_library_path = library_path;
-  // no ALSO_USED_AS_ANONYMOUS
-  expected_namespace_flags = ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_ISOLATED;
-  SetExpectations();
-  RunTest();
-}
-
-TEST_P(NativeLoaderTest_Create, TwoApks) {
-  SetExpectations();
-  const uint32_t second_app_target_sdk_version = 29;
-  const std::string second_app_class_loader = "second_app_classloader";
-  const bool second_app_is_shared = false;
-  const std::string second_app_dex_path = "/data/app/bar/classes.dex";
-  const std::string second_app_library_path = "/data/app/bar/lib/arm";
-  const std::string second_app_permitted_path = "/data/app/bar/lib";
-  const std::string expected_second_app_permitted_path =
-      std::string("/data:/mnt/expand:") + second_app_permitted_path;
-  const std::string expected_second_app_parent_namespace = "classloader-namespace";
-  // no ALSO_USED_AS_ANONYMOUS
-  const uint64_t expected_second_namespace_flags = ANDROID_NAMESPACE_TYPE_ISOLATED;
-
-  // The scenario is that second app is loaded by the first app.
-  // So the first app's classloader (`classloader`) is parent of the second
-  // app's classloader.
-  ON_CALL(*mock, JniObject_getParent(StrEq(second_app_class_loader)))
-      .WillByDefault(Return(class_loader.c_str()));
-
-  // namespace for the second app is created. Its parent is set to the namespace
-  // of the first app.
-  EXPECT_CALL(*mock, mock_create_namespace(
-                         Eq(IsBridged()), StrEq(expected_namespace_name), nullptr,
-                         StrEq(second_app_library_path), expected_second_namespace_flags,
-                         StrEq(expected_second_app_permitted_path), NsEq(dex_path.c_str())))
-      .WillOnce(Return(TO_MOCK_NAMESPACE(TO_ANDROID_NAMESPACE(second_app_dex_path.c_str()))));
-  EXPECT_CALL(*mock, mock_link_namespaces(Eq(IsBridged()), NsEq(second_app_dex_path.c_str()), _, _))
-      .WillRepeatedly(Return(true));
-
-  RunTest();
-  jstring err = CreateClassLoaderNamespace(
-      env(), second_app_target_sdk_version, env()->NewStringUTF(second_app_class_loader.c_str()),
-      second_app_is_shared, env()->NewStringUTF(second_app_dex_path.c_str()),
-      env()->NewStringUTF(second_app_library_path.c_str()),
-      env()->NewStringUTF(second_app_permitted_path.c_str()));
-
-  // success
-  EXPECT_EQ(err, nullptr);
-
-  if (!IsBridged()) {
-    struct android_namespace_t* ns =
-        FindNamespaceByClassLoader(env(), env()->NewStringUTF(second_app_class_loader.c_str()));
-
-    // The created namespace is for the second apk
-    EXPECT_EQ(second_app_dex_path.c_str(), reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ns));
-  } else {
-    struct NativeLoaderNamespace* ns = FindNativeLoaderNamespaceByClassLoader(
-        env(), env()->NewStringUTF(second_app_class_loader.c_str()));
-
-    // The created namespace is for the second apk
-    EXPECT_STREQ(second_app_dex_path.c_str(),
-                 reinterpret_cast<const char*>(ns->ToRawNativeBridgeNamespace()));
-  }
-}
-
-INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P(NativeLoaderTests_Create, NativeLoaderTest_Create, testing::Bool());
-
-const std::function<Result<bool>(const struct ConfigEntry&)> always_true =
-    [](const struct ConfigEntry&) -> Result<bool> { return true; };
-
-TEST(NativeLoaderConfigParser, NamesAndComments) {
-  const char file_content[] = R"(
-######
-
-libA.so
-#libB.so
-
-
-      libC.so
-libD.so
-    #### libE.so
-)";
-  const std::vector<std::string> expected_result = {"libA.so", "libC.so", "libD.so"};
-  Result<std::vector<std::string>> result = ParseConfig(file_content, always_true);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result) << result.error().message();
-  ASSERT_EQ(expected_result, *result);
-}
-
-TEST(NativeLoaderConfigParser, WithBitness) {
-  const char file_content[] = R"(
-libA.so 32
-libB.so 64
-libC.so
-)";
-#if defined(__LP64__)
-  const std::vector<std::string> expected_result = {"libB.so", "libC.so"};
-#else
-  const std::vector<std::string> expected_result = {"libA.so", "libC.so"};
-#endif
-  Result<std::vector<std::string>> result = ParseConfig(file_content, always_true);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result) << result.error().message();
-  ASSERT_EQ(expected_result, *result);
-}
-
-TEST(NativeLoaderConfigParser, WithNoPreload) {
-  const char file_content[] = R"(
-libA.so nopreload
-libB.so nopreload
-libC.so
-)";
-
-  const std::vector<std::string> expected_result = {"libC.so"};
-  Result<std::vector<std::string>> result =
-      ParseConfig(file_content,
-                  [](const struct ConfigEntry& entry) -> Result<bool> { return !entry.nopreload; });
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result) << result.error().message();
-  ASSERT_EQ(expected_result, *result);
-}
-
-TEST(NativeLoaderConfigParser, WithNoPreloadAndBitness) {
-  const char file_content[] = R"(
-libA.so nopreload 32
-libB.so 64 nopreload
-libC.so 32
-libD.so 64
-libE.so nopreload
-)";
-
-#if defined(__LP64__)
-  const std::vector<std::string> expected_result = {"libD.so"};
-#else
-  const std::vector<std::string> expected_result = {"libC.so"};
-#endif
-  Result<std::vector<std::string>> result =
-      ParseConfig(file_content,
-                  [](const struct ConfigEntry& entry) -> Result<bool> { return !entry.nopreload; });
-  ASSERT_TRUE(result) << result.error().message();
-  ASSERT_EQ(expected_result, *result);
-}
-
-TEST(NativeLoaderConfigParser, RejectMalformed) {
-  ASSERT_FALSE(ParseConfig("libA.so 32 64", always_true));
-  ASSERT_FALSE(ParseConfig("libA.so 32 32", always_true));
-  ASSERT_FALSE(ParseConfig("libA.so 32 nopreload 64", always_true));
-  ASSERT_FALSE(ParseConfig("32 libA.so nopreload", always_true));
-  ASSERT_FALSE(ParseConfig("nopreload libA.so 32", always_true));
-  ASSERT_FALSE(ParseConfig("libA.so nopreload # comment", always_true));
-}
-
-}  // namespace nativeloader
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libnativeloader/public_libraries.cpp b/libnativeloader/public_libraries.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 010e8cc..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/public_libraries.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,371 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#define LOG_TAG "nativeloader"
-
-#include "public_libraries.h"
-
-#include <dirent.h>
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <memory>
-
-#include <android-base/file.h>
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-#include <android-base/properties.h>
-#include <android-base/result.h>
-#include <android-base/strings.h>
-#include <log/log.h>
-
-#include "utils.h"
-
-namespace android::nativeloader {
-
-using namespace internal;
-using namespace ::std::string_literals;
-using android::base::ErrnoError;
-using android::base::Errorf;
-using android::base::Result;
-
-namespace {
-
-constexpr const char* kDefaultPublicLibrariesFile = "/etc/public.libraries.txt";
-constexpr const char* kExtendedPublicLibrariesFilePrefix = "public.libraries-";
-constexpr const char* kExtendedPublicLibrariesFileSuffix = ".txt";
-constexpr const char* kVendorPublicLibrariesFile = "/vendor/etc/public.libraries.txt";
-constexpr const char* kLlndkLibrariesFile = "/system/etc/llndk.libraries.txt";
-constexpr const char* kVndkLibrariesFile = "/system/etc/vndksp.libraries.txt";
-
-const std::vector<const std::string> kArtApexPublicLibraries = {
-    "libicuuc.so",
-    "libicui18n.so",
-};
-
-constexpr const char* kArtApexLibPath = "/apex/com.android.art/" LIB;
-
-constexpr const char* kNeuralNetworksApexPublicLibrary = "libneuralnetworks.so";
-
-// TODO(b/130388701): do we need this?
-std::string root_dir() {
-  static const char* android_root_env = getenv("ANDROID_ROOT");
-  return android_root_env != nullptr ? android_root_env : "/system";
-}
-
-bool debuggable() {
-  static bool debuggable = android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.debuggable", false);
-  return debuggable;
-}
-
-std::string vndk_version_str() {
-  static std::string version = android::base::GetProperty("ro.vndk.version", "");
-  if (version != "" && version != "current") {
-    return "." + version;
-  }
-  return "";
-}
-
-// For debuggable platform builds use ANDROID_ADDITIONAL_PUBLIC_LIBRARIES environment
-// variable to add libraries to the list. This is intended for platform tests only.
-std::string additional_public_libraries() {
-  if (debuggable()) {
-    const char* val = getenv("ANDROID_ADDITIONAL_PUBLIC_LIBRARIES");
-    return val ? val : "";
-  }
-  return "";
-}
-
-void InsertVndkVersionStr(std::string* file_name) {
-  CHECK(file_name != nullptr);
-  size_t insert_pos = file_name->find_last_of(".");
-  if (insert_pos == std::string::npos) {
-    insert_pos = file_name->length();
-  }
-  file_name->insert(insert_pos, vndk_version_str());
-}
-
-const std::function<Result<bool>(const struct ConfigEntry&)> always_true =
-    [](const struct ConfigEntry&) -> Result<bool> { return true; };
-
-Result<std::vector<std::string>> ReadConfig(
-    const std::string& configFile,
-    const std::function<Result<bool>(const ConfigEntry& /* entry */)>& filter_fn) {
-  std::string file_content;
-  if (!base::ReadFileToString(configFile, &file_content)) {
-    return ErrnoError();
-  }
-  Result<std::vector<std::string>> result = ParseConfig(file_content, filter_fn);
-  if (!result) {
-    return Errorf("Cannot parse {}: {}", configFile, result.error().message());
-  }
-  return result;
-}
-
-void ReadExtensionLibraries(const char* dirname, std::vector<std::string>* sonames) {
-  std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)> dir(opendir(dirname), closedir);
-  if (dir != nullptr) {
-    // Failing to opening the dir is not an error, which can happen in
-    // webview_zygote.
-    while (struct dirent* ent = readdir(dir.get())) {
-      if (ent->d_type != DT_REG && ent->d_type != DT_LNK) {
-        continue;
-      }
-      const std::string filename(ent->d_name);
-      std::string_view fn = filename;
-      if (android::base::ConsumePrefix(&fn, kExtendedPublicLibrariesFilePrefix) &&
-          android::base::ConsumeSuffix(&fn, kExtendedPublicLibrariesFileSuffix)) {
-        const std::string company_name(fn);
-        const std::string config_file_path = dirname + "/"s + filename;
-        LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL_IF(
-            company_name.empty(),
-            "Error extracting company name from public native library list file path \"%s\"",
-            config_file_path.c_str());
-
-        auto ret = ReadConfig(
-            config_file_path, [&company_name](const struct ConfigEntry& entry) -> Result<bool> {
-              if (android::base::StartsWith(entry.soname, "lib") &&
-                  android::base::EndsWith(entry.soname, "." + company_name + ".so")) {
-                return true;
-              } else {
-                return Errorf("Library name \"{}\" does not end with the company name {}.",
-                              entry.soname, company_name);
-              }
-            });
-        if (ret) {
-          sonames->insert(sonames->end(), ret->begin(), ret->end());
-        } else {
-          LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Error reading public native library list from \"%s\": %s",
-                           config_file_path.c_str(), ret.error().message().c_str());
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-static std::string InitDefaultPublicLibraries(bool for_preload) {
-  std::string config_file = root_dir() + kDefaultPublicLibrariesFile;
-  auto sonames =
-      ReadConfig(config_file, [&for_preload](const struct ConfigEntry& entry) -> Result<bool> {
-        if (for_preload) {
-          return !entry.nopreload;
-        } else {
-          return true;
-        }
-      });
-  if (!sonames) {
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Error reading public native library list from \"%s\": %s",
-                     config_file.c_str(), sonames.error().message().c_str());
-    return "";
-  }
-
-  std::string additional_libs = additional_public_libraries();
-  if (!additional_libs.empty()) {
-    auto vec = base::Split(additional_libs, ":");
-    std::copy(vec.begin(), vec.end(), std::back_inserter(*sonames));
-  }
-
-  // If this is for preloading libs, don't remove the libs from APEXes.
-  if (for_preload) {
-    return android::base::Join(*sonames, ':');
-  }
-
-  // Remove the public libs in the runtime namespace.
-  // These libs are listed in public.android.txt, but we don't want the rest of android
-  // in default namespace to dlopen the libs.
-  // For example, libicuuc.so is exposed to classloader namespace from runtime namespace.
-  // Unfortunately, it does not have stable C symbols, and default namespace should only use
-  // stable symbols in libandroidicu.so. http://b/120786417
-  for (const std::string& lib_name : kArtApexPublicLibraries) {
-    std::string path(kArtApexLibPath);
-    path.append("/").append(lib_name);
-
-    struct stat s;
-    // Do nothing if the path in /apex does not exist.
-    // Runtime APEX must be mounted since libnativeloader is in the same APEX
-    if (stat(path.c_str(), &s) != 0) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    auto it = std::find(sonames->begin(), sonames->end(), lib_name);
-    if (it != sonames->end()) {
-      sonames->erase(it);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Remove the public libs in the nnapi namespace.
-  auto it = std::find(sonames->begin(), sonames->end(), kNeuralNetworksApexPublicLibrary);
-  if (it != sonames->end()) {
-    sonames->erase(it);
-  }
-  return android::base::Join(*sonames, ':');
-}
-
-static std::string InitArtPublicLibraries() {
-  CHECK(sizeof(kArtApexPublicLibraries) > 0);
-  std::string list = android::base::Join(kArtApexPublicLibraries, ":");
-
-  std::string additional_libs = additional_public_libraries();
-  if (!additional_libs.empty()) {
-    list = list + ':' + additional_libs;
-  }
-  return list;
-}
-
-static std::string InitVendorPublicLibraries() {
-  // This file is optional, quietly ignore if the file does not exist.
-  auto sonames = ReadConfig(kVendorPublicLibrariesFile, always_true);
-  if (!sonames) {
-    return "";
-  }
-  return android::base::Join(*sonames, ':');
-}
-
-// read /system/etc/public.libraries-<companyname>.txt and
-// /product/etc/public.libraries-<companyname>.txt which contain partner defined
-// system libs that are exposed to apps. The libs in the txt files must be
-// named as lib<name>.<companyname>.so.
-static std::string InitExtendedPublicLibraries() {
-  std::vector<std::string> sonames;
-  ReadExtensionLibraries("/system/etc", &sonames);
-  ReadExtensionLibraries("/product/etc", &sonames);
-  return android::base::Join(sonames, ':');
-}
-
-static std::string InitLlndkLibraries() {
-  std::string config_file = kLlndkLibrariesFile;
-  InsertVndkVersionStr(&config_file);
-  auto sonames = ReadConfig(config_file, always_true);
-  if (!sonames) {
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s", sonames.error().message().c_str());
-    return "";
-  }
-  return android::base::Join(*sonames, ':');
-}
-
-static std::string InitVndkspLibraries() {
-  std::string config_file = kVndkLibrariesFile;
-  InsertVndkVersionStr(&config_file);
-  auto sonames = ReadConfig(config_file, always_true);
-  if (!sonames) {
-    LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("%s", sonames.error().message().c_str());
-    return "";
-  }
-  return android::base::Join(*sonames, ':');
-}
-
-static std::string InitNeuralNetworksPublicLibraries() {
-  return kNeuralNetworksApexPublicLibrary;
-}
-
-}  // namespace
-
-const std::string& preloadable_public_libraries() {
-  static std::string list = InitDefaultPublicLibraries(/*for_preload*/ true);
-  return list;
-}
-
-const std::string& default_public_libraries() {
-  static std::string list = InitDefaultPublicLibraries(/*for_preload*/ false);
-  return list;
-}
-
-const std::string& runtime_public_libraries() {
-  static std::string list = InitArtPublicLibraries();
-  return list;
-}
-
-const std::string& vendor_public_libraries() {
-  static std::string list = InitVendorPublicLibraries();
-  return list;
-}
-
-const std::string& extended_public_libraries() {
-  static std::string list = InitExtendedPublicLibraries();
-  return list;
-}
-
-const std::string& neuralnetworks_public_libraries() {
-  static std::string list = InitNeuralNetworksPublicLibraries();
-  return list;
-}
-
-const std::string& llndk_libraries() {
-  static std::string list = InitLlndkLibraries();
-  return list;
-}
-
-const std::string& vndksp_libraries() {
-  static std::string list = InitVndkspLibraries();
-  return list;
-}
-
-namespace internal {
-// Exported for testing
-Result<std::vector<std::string>> ParseConfig(
-    const std::string& file_content,
-    const std::function<Result<bool>(const ConfigEntry& /* entry */)>& filter_fn) {
-  std::vector<std::string> lines = base::Split(file_content, "\n");
-
-  std::vector<std::string> sonames;
-  for (auto& line : lines) {
-    auto trimmed_line = base::Trim(line);
-    if (trimmed_line[0] == '#' || trimmed_line.empty()) {
-      continue;
-    }
-
-    std::vector<std::string> tokens = android::base::Split(trimmed_line, " ");
-    if (tokens.size() < 1 || tokens.size() > 3) {
-      return Errorf("Malformed line \"{}\"", line);
-    }
-    struct ConfigEntry entry = {.soname = "", .nopreload = false, .bitness = ALL};
-    size_t i = tokens.size();
-    while (i-- > 0) {
-      if (tokens[i] == "nopreload") {
-        entry.nopreload = true;
-      } else if (tokens[i] == "32" || tokens[i] == "64") {
-        if (entry.bitness != ALL) {
-          return Errorf("Malformed line \"{}\": bitness can be specified only once", line);
-        }
-        entry.bitness = tokens[i] == "32" ? ONLY_32 : ONLY_64;
-      } else {
-        if (i != 0) {
-          return Errorf("Malformed line \"{}\"", line);
-        }
-        entry.soname = tokens[i];
-      }
-    }
-
-    // skip 32-bit lib on 64-bit process and vice versa
-#if defined(__LP64__)
-    if (entry.bitness == ONLY_32) continue;
-#else
-    if (entry.bitness == ONLY_64) continue;
-#endif
-
-    Result<bool> ret = filter_fn(entry);
-    if (!ret) {
-      return ret.error();
-    }
-    if (*ret) {
-      // filter_fn has returned true.
-      sonames.push_back(entry.soname);
-    }
-  }
-  return sonames;
-}
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-}  // namespace android::nativeloader
diff --git a/libnativeloader/public_libraries.h b/libnativeloader/public_libraries.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 2de4172..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/public_libraries.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#pragma once
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <string>
-
-#include <android-base/result.h>
-
-namespace android::nativeloader {
-
-using android::base::Result;
-
-// These provide the list of libraries that are available to the namespace for apps.
-// Not all of the libraries are available to apps. Depending on the context,
-// e.g., if it is a vendor app or not, different set of libraries are made available.
-const std::string& preloadable_public_libraries();
-const std::string& default_public_libraries();
-const std::string& runtime_public_libraries();
-const std::string& vendor_public_libraries();
-const std::string& extended_public_libraries();
-const std::string& neuralnetworks_public_libraries();
-const std::string& llndk_libraries();
-const std::string& vndksp_libraries();
-
-// These are exported for testing
-namespace internal {
-
-enum Bitness { ALL = 0, ONLY_32, ONLY_64 };
-
-struct ConfigEntry {
-  std::string soname;
-  bool nopreload;
-  Bitness bitness;
-};
-
-Result<std::vector<std::string>> ParseConfig(
-    const std::string& file_content,
-    const std::function<Result<bool>(const ConfigEntry& /* entry */)>& filter_fn);
-
-}  // namespace internal
-
-}  // namespace android::nativeloader
diff --git a/libnativeloader/test/Android.bp b/libnativeloader/test/Android.bp
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d5c53d..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/test/Android.bp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-//
-// Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
-//
-// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-// You may obtain a copy of the License at
-//
-//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-//
-// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-// limitations under the License.
-//
-
-cc_library {
-    name: "libfoo.oem1",
-    srcs: ["test.cpp"],
-    cflags: ["-DLIBNAME=\"libfoo.oem1.so\""],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libbase",
-    ],
-}
-
-cc_library {
-    name: "libbar.oem1",
-    srcs: ["test.cpp"],
-    cflags: ["-DLIBNAME=\"libbar.oem1.so\""],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libbase",
-    ],
-}
-
-cc_library {
-    name: "libfoo.oem2",
-    srcs: ["test.cpp"],
-    cflags: ["-DLIBNAME=\"libfoo.oem2.so\""],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libbase",
-    ],
-}
-
-cc_library {
-    name: "libbar.oem2",
-    srcs: ["test.cpp"],
-    cflags: ["-DLIBNAME=\"libbar.oem2.so\""],
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libbase",
-    ],
-}
-
-cc_library {
-    name: "libfoo.product1",
-    srcs: ["test.cpp"],
-    cflags: ["-DLIBNAME=\"libfoo.product1.so\""],
-    product_specific: true,
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libbase",
-    ],
-}
-
-cc_library {
-    name: "libbar.product1",
-    srcs: ["test.cpp"],
-    cflags: ["-DLIBNAME=\"libbar.product1.so\""],
-    product_specific: true,
-    shared_libs: [
-        "libbase",
-    ],
-}
-
-// Build the test for the C API.
-cc_test {
-    name: "libnativeloader-api-tests",
-    host_supported: true,
-    test_per_src: true,
-    srcs: [
-        "api_test.c",
-    ],
-    header_libs: ["libnativeloader-headers"],
-}
diff --git a/libnativeloader/test/Android.mk b/libnativeloader/test/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 65e7b09..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/test/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := public.libraries-oem1.txt
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= $(LOCAL_MODULE)
-LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
-LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_ETC)
-include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := public.libraries-oem2.txt
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= $(LOCAL_MODULE)
-LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
-LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_ETC)
-include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := public.libraries-product1.txt
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= $(LOCAL_MODULE)
-LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
-LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_PRODUCT_ETC)
-include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := oemlibrarytest-system
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-LOCAL_MANIFEST_FILE := system/AndroidManifest.xml
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)
-LOCAL_SDK_VERSION := current
-LOCAL_PROGUARD_ENABLED := disabled
-LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_APPS)
-include $(BUILD_PACKAGE)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_PACKAGE_NAME := oemlibrarytest-vendor
-LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
-LOCAL_MANIFEST_FILE := vendor/AndroidManifest.xml
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(call all-java-files-under, src)
-LOCAL_SDK_VERSION := current
-LOCAL_PROGUARD_ENABLED := disabled
-LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_VENDOR_APPS)
-include $(BUILD_PACKAGE)
diff --git a/libnativeloader/test/api_test.c b/libnativeloader/test/api_test.c
deleted file mode 100644
index e7025fd..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/test/api_test.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-/* The main purpose of this test is to ensure this C header compiles in C, so
- * that no C++ features inadvertently leak into the C ABI. */
-#include "nativeloader/native_loader.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-  (void)argc;
-  (void)argv;
-  return 0;
-}
diff --git a/libnativeloader/test/public.libraries-oem1.txt b/libnativeloader/test/public.libraries-oem1.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index f9433e2..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/test/public.libraries-oem1.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-libfoo.oem1.so
-libbar.oem1.so
diff --git a/libnativeloader/test/public.libraries-oem2.txt b/libnativeloader/test/public.libraries-oem2.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index de6bdb0..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/test/public.libraries-oem2.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-libfoo.oem2.so
-libbar.oem2.so
diff --git a/libnativeloader/test/public.libraries-product1.txt b/libnativeloader/test/public.libraries-product1.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 358154c..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/test/public.libraries-product1.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-libfoo.product1.so
-libbar.product1.so
diff --git a/libnativeloader/test/runtest.sh b/libnativeloader/test/runtest.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 40beb5b..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/test/runtest.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-adb root
-adb remount
-adb sync
-adb shell stop
-adb shell start
-sleep 5 # wait until device reboots
-adb logcat -c;
-adb shell am start -n android.test.app.system/android.test.app.TestActivity
-adb shell am start -n android.test.app.vendor/android.test.app.TestActivity
-adb logcat | grep android.test.app
diff --git a/libnativeloader/test/src/android/test/app/TestActivity.java b/libnativeloader/test/src/android/test/app/TestActivity.java
deleted file mode 100644
index a7a455d..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/test/src/android/test/app/TestActivity.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-package android.test.app;
-
-import android.app.Activity;
-import android.os.Bundle;
-import android.util.Log;
-
-public class TestActivity extends Activity {
-
-    @Override
-    public void onCreate(Bundle icicle) {
-         super.onCreate(icicle);
-         tryLoadingLib("foo.oem1");
-         tryLoadingLib("bar.oem1");
-         tryLoadingLib("foo.oem2");
-         tryLoadingLib("bar.oem2");
-         tryLoadingLib("foo.product1");
-         tryLoadingLib("bar.product1");
-    }
-
-    private void tryLoadingLib(String name) {
-        try {
-            System.loadLibrary(name);
-            Log.d(getPackageName(), "library " + name + " is successfully loaded");
-        } catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
-            Log.d(getPackageName(), "failed to load libarary " + name, e);
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/libnativeloader/test/system/AndroidManifest.xml b/libnativeloader/test/system/AndroidManifest.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index c304889..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/test/system/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!--
- * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- -->
-
-<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
-    package="android.test.app.system">
-
-    <application>
-        <activity android:name="android.test.app.TestActivity" >
-            <intent-filter>
-                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
-                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
-            </intent-filter>
-        </activity>
-    </application>
-
-</manifest>
-
diff --git a/libnativeloader/test/test.cpp b/libnativeloader/test/test.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index b166928..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/test/test.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#define LOG_TAG "oemlib"
-#include <android-base/logging.h>
-
-static __attribute__((constructor)) void test_lib_init() {
-  LOG(DEBUG) << LIBNAME << " loaded";
-}
diff --git a/libnativeloader/test/vendor/AndroidManifest.xml b/libnativeloader/test/vendor/AndroidManifest.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index c4c1a9c..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/test/vendor/AndroidManifest.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<!--
- * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- -->
-
-<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
-    package="android.test.app.vendor">
-
-    <application>
-        <activity android:name="android.test.app.TestActivity" >
-            <intent-filter>
-                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
-                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
-            </intent-filter>
-        </activity>
-    </application>
-
-</manifest>
-
diff --git a/libnativeloader/utils.h b/libnativeloader/utils.h
deleted file mode 100644
index a1c2be5..0000000
--- a/libnativeloader/utils.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-#pragma once
-
-namespace android::nativeloader {
-
-#if defined(__LP64__)
-#define LIB "lib64"
-#else
-#define LIB "lib"
-#endif
-
-}  // namespace android::nativeloader
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/sched_policy.h b/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/sched_policy.h
index 3c498da..945d90c 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/sched_policy.h
+++ b/libprocessgroup/include/processgroup/sched_policy.h
@@ -70,11 +70,22 @@
 extern int get_sched_policy(int tid, SchedPolicy* policy);
 
 /* Return a displayable string corresponding to policy.
- * Return value: non-NULL NUL-terminated name of unspecified length;
+ * Return value: NUL-terminated name of unspecified length, nullptr if invalid;
  * the caller is responsible for displaying the useful part of the string.
  */
 extern const char* get_sched_policy_name(SchedPolicy policy);
 
+/* Return the aggregated task profile name corresponding to cpuset policy.
+ * Return value: NUL-terminated name of unspecified length, nullptr if invalid;
+ * the caller could use it to call SetTaskProfiles.
+ */
+extern const char* get_cpuset_policy_profile_name(SchedPolicy policy);
+
+/* Return the aggregated task profile name corresponding to sched policy.
+ * Return value: NUL-terminated name of unspecified length, nullptr if invalid;
+ * the caller could use it to call SetTaskProfiles.
+ */
+extern const char* get_sched_policy_profile_name(SchedPolicy policy);
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/sched_policy.cpp b/libprocessgroup/sched_policy.cpp
index 6b0ab87..16339d3 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/sched_policy.cpp
+++ b/libprocessgroup/sched_policy.cpp
@@ -212,7 +212,45 @@
     };
     static_assert(arraysize(kSchedPolicyNames) == SP_CNT, "missing name");
     if (policy < SP_BACKGROUND || policy >= SP_CNT) {
-        return "error";
+        return nullptr;
     }
     return kSchedPolicyNames[policy];
 }
+
+const char* get_cpuset_policy_profile_name(SchedPolicy policy) {
+    /*
+     *  cpuset profile array for:
+     *  SP_DEFAULT(-1), SP_BACKGROUND(0), SP_FOREGROUND(1),
+     *  SP_SYSTEM(2), SP_AUDIO_APP(3), SP_AUDIO_SYS(4),
+     *  SP_TOP_APP(5), SP_RT_APP(6), SP_RESTRICTED(7)
+     *  index is policy + 1
+     *  this need keep in sync with SchedPolicy enum
+     */
+    static constexpr const char* kCpusetProfiles[SP_CNT + 1] = {
+            "CPUSET_SP_DEFAULT", "CPUSET_SP_BACKGROUND", "CPUSET_SP_FOREGROUND",
+            "CPUSET_SP_SYSTEM",  "CPUSET_SP_FOREGROUND", "CPUSET_SP_FOREGROUND",
+            "CPUSET_SP_TOP_APP", "CPUSET_SP_DEFAULT",    "CPUSET_SP_RESTRICTED"};
+    if (policy < SP_DEFAULT || policy >= SP_CNT) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return kCpusetProfiles[policy + 1];
+}
+
+const char* get_sched_policy_profile_name(SchedPolicy policy) {
+    /*
+     *  sched profile array for:
+     *  SP_DEFAULT(-1), SP_BACKGROUND(0), SP_FOREGROUND(1),
+     *  SP_SYSTEM(2), SP_AUDIO_APP(3), SP_AUDIO_SYS(4),
+     *  SP_TOP_APP(5), SP_RT_APP(6), SP_RESTRICTED(7)
+     *  index is policy + 1
+     *  this need keep in sync with SchedPolicy enum
+     */
+    static constexpr const char* kSchedProfiles[SP_CNT + 1] = {
+            "SCHED_SP_DEFAULT", "SCHED_SP_BACKGROUND", "SCHED_SP_FOREGROUND",
+            "SCHED_SP_DEFAULT", "SCHED_SP_FOREGROUND", "SCHED_SP_FOREGROUND",
+            "SCHED_SP_TOP_APP", "SCHED_SP_RT_APP",     "SCHED_SP_DEFAULT"};
+    if (policy < SP_DEFAULT || policy >= SP_CNT) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    return kSchedProfiles[policy + 1];
+}
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Android.bp b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
index 8d2299f..b0f3786 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Android.bp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Android.bp
@@ -245,6 +245,7 @@
         "tests/files/offline/jit_debug_x86/*",
         "tests/files/offline/jit_map_arm/*",
         "tests/files/offline/gnu_debugdata_arm/*",
+        "tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/*",
         "tests/files/offline/load_bias_ro_rx_x86_64/*",
         "tests/files/offline/offset_arm/*",
         "tests/files/offline/shared_lib_in_apk_arm64/*",
diff --git a/libunwindstack/AndroidVersions.md b/libunwindstack/AndroidVersions.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..234f639
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/AndroidVersions.md
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+# Unwinder Support Per Android Release
+This document describes the changes in the way the libunwindstack
+unwinder works on different Android versions. It does not describe
+every change in the code made between different versions, but is
+meant to allow an app developer to know what might be supported
+on different versions. It also describes the different way an unwind
+will display on different versions of Android.
+
+## Android P
+libunwindstack was first introduced in Android P.
+
+* Supports up to and including Dwarf 4 unwinding information.
+  See http://dwarfstd.org/ for Dwarf standards.
+* Supports Arm exidx unwinding.
+* Supports the gdb JIT unwinding interface, which is how ART creates unwinding
+  information for the JIT'd Java frames.
+* Supports special frames added to represent an ART Java interpreter frame.
+  ART has marked the dex pc using cfi information that the unwinder
+  understands and handles by adding a new frame in the stacktrace.
+
+## Note
+By default, lld creates two separate maps of the elf in memory, one read-only
+and one read/executable. The libunwindstack on P and the unwinder on older
+versions of Android will not unwind properly in this case. For apps that
+target Android P or older, make sure that `-Wl,--no-rosegment` is
+included in linker arguments when using lld.
+
+## Android Q
+* Fix bug (b/109824792) that handled load bias data incorrectly when
+  FDEs use pc relative addressing in the eh\_frame\_hdr.
+  Unfortunately, this wasn't fixed correctly in Q since it assumes
+  that the bias is coming from the program header for the executable
+  load. The real fix was to use the bias from the actual section data and
+  is not completely fixed until Android R. For apps targeting Android Q,
+  if it is being compiled with the llvm linker lld, it might be necessary
+  to add the linker option `-Wl,-zseparate-code` to avoid creating an elf
+  created this way.
+* Change the way the exidx section offset is found (b/110704153). Before
+  the p\_vaddr value from the program header minus the load bias was used
+  to find the start of the exidx data. Changed to use the p\_offset since
+  it doesn't require any load bias manipulations.
+* Fix bug handling of dwarf sections without any header (b/110235461).
+  Previously, the code assumed that FDEs are non-overlapping, and the FDEs
+  are always in sorted order from low pc to high pc. Thus the code would
+  read the entire set of CIEs/FDEs and then do a binary search to find
+  the appropriate FDE for a given pc. Now the code does a sequential read
+  and stops when it finds the FDE for a pc. It also understands the
+  overlapping FDEs, so find the first FDE that matches a pc. In practice,
+  elf files with this format only ever occurs if the file was generated
+  without an eh\_frame/eh\_frame\_hdr section and only a debug\_frame. The
+  other way this has been observed is when running simpleperf to unwind since
+  sometimes there is not enough information in the eh\_frame for all points
+  in the executable. On Android P, this would result in some incorrect
+  unwinds coming from simpleperf. Nearly all crashes from Android P should
+  be correct since the eh\_frame information was enough to do the unwind
+  properly.
+* Be permissive of badly formed elf files. Previously, any detected error
+  would result in unwinds stopping even if there is enough valid information
+  to do an unwind.
+  * The code now allows program header/section header offsets to point
+    to unreadable memory. As long as the code can find the unwind tables,
+    that is good enough.
+  * The code allows program headers/section headers to be missing.
+  * Allow a symbol table section header to point to invalid symbol table
+    values.
+* Support for the linker read-only segment option (b/109657296).
+  This is a feature of lld whereby there are two sections that
+  contain elf data. The first is read-only and contains the elf header data,
+  and the second is read-execute or execute only that
+  contains the executable code from the elf. Before this, the unwinder
+  always assumed that there was only a single read-execute section that
+  contained the elf header data and the executable code.
+* Build ID information for elf objects added. This will display the
+  NT\_GNU\_BUILD\_ID note found in elf files. This information can be used
+  to identify the exact version of a shared library to help get symbol
+  information when looking at a crash.
+* Add support for displaying the soname from an apk frame. Previously,
+  a frame map name would be only the apk, but now if the shared library
+  in the apk has set a soname, the map name will be `app.apk!libexample.so`
+  instead of only `app.apk`.
+* Minimal support for Dwarf 5. This merely treats a Dwarf 5 version
+  elf file as Dwarf 4. It does not support the new dwarf ops in Dwarf 5.
+  Since the new ops are not likely to be used very often, this allows
+  continuing to unwind even when encountering Dwarf 5 elf files.
+* Fix bug in pc handling of signal frames (b/130302288). In the previous
+  version, the pc would be wrong in the signal frame. The rest of the
+  unwind was correct, only the frame in the signal handler was incorrect
+  in Android P.
+* Detect when an elf file is not readable so that a message can be
+  displayed indicating that. This can happen when an app puts the shared
+  libraries in non-standard locations that are not readable due to
+  security restrictions (selinux rules).
+
+## Android R
+* Display the offsets for Java interpreter frames. If this frame came
+  from a non-zero offset map, no offset is printed. Previously, the
+  line would look like:
+
+    #17 pc 00500d7a  GoogleCamera.apk (com.google.camera.AndroidPriorityThread.run+10)
+
+  to:
+
+    #17 pc 00500d7a  GoogleCamera.apk (offset 0x11d0000) (com.google.camera.AndroidPriorityThread.run+10)
+* Fix bug where the load bias was set from the first PT\_LOAD program
+  header that has a zero p\_offset value. Now it is set from the first
+  executable PT\_LOAD program header. This has only ever been a problem
+  for host executables compiled for the x86\_64 architecture.
+* Switched to the libc++ demangler for function names. Previously, the
+  demangler used was not complete, so some less common demangled function
+  names would not be properly demangled or the function name would not be
+  demangled at all.
+* Fix bug in load bias handling. If the unwind information in the eh\_frame
+  or eh\_frame\_hdr does not have the same bias as the executable section,
+  and uses pc relative FDEs, the unwind will be incorrect. This tends
+  to truncate unwinds since the unwinder could not find the correct unwind
+  information for a given pc.
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DexFile.cpp b/libunwindstack/DexFile.cpp
index eaf867f..dff7a8b 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DexFile.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/DexFile.cpp
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 
+#define LOG_TAG "unwind"
+#include <log/log.h>
+
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <art_api/dex_file_support.h>
 
@@ -32,6 +35,19 @@
 
 namespace unwindstack {
 
+static bool CheckDexSupport() {
+  if (std::string err_msg; !art_api::dex::TryLoadLibdexfileExternal(&err_msg)) {
+    ALOGW("Failed to initialize DEX file support: %s", err_msg.c_str());
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static bool HasDexSupport() {
+  static bool has_dex_support = CheckDexSupport();
+  return has_dex_support;
+}
+
 std::unique_ptr<DexFile> DexFile::Create(uint64_t dex_file_offset_in_memory, Memory* memory,
                                          MapInfo* info) {
   if (!info->name.empty()) {
@@ -57,6 +73,10 @@
 
 std::unique_ptr<DexFileFromFile> DexFileFromFile::Create(uint64_t dex_file_offset_in_file,
                                                          const std::string& file) {
+  if (UNLIKELY(!HasDexSupport())) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
   android::base::unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(file.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
   if (fd == -1) {
     return nullptr;
@@ -75,6 +95,10 @@
 std::unique_ptr<DexFileFromMemory> DexFileFromMemory::Create(uint64_t dex_file_offset_in_memory,
                                                              Memory* memory,
                                                              const std::string& name) {
+  if (UNLIKELY(!HasDexSupport())) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
   std::vector<uint8_t> backing_memory;
 
   for (size_t size = 0;;) {
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfEhFrameWithHdr.cpp b/libunwindstack/DwarfEhFrameWithHdr.cpp
index 802beca..24b94f0 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfEhFrameWithHdr.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfEhFrameWithHdr.cpp
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
 }
 
 template <typename AddressType>
-bool DwarfEhFrameWithHdr<AddressType>::Init(uint64_t offset, uint64_t size, uint64_t load_bias) {
-  load_bias_ = load_bias;
+bool DwarfEhFrameWithHdr<AddressType>::Init(uint64_t offset, uint64_t size, int64_t section_bias) {
+  section_bias_ = section_bias;
 
   memory_.clear_func_offset();
   memory_.clear_text_offset();
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@
 
   // Relative encodings require adding in the load bias.
   if (IsEncodingRelative(table_encoding_)) {
-    value += load_bias_;
+    value += section_bias_;
   }
   info->pc = value;
   return info;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfEhFrameWithHdr.h b/libunwindstack/DwarfEhFrameWithHdr.h
index 0e5eef7..b8dd3dd 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfEhFrameWithHdr.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfEhFrameWithHdr.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
   using DwarfSectionImpl<AddressType>::entries_offset_;
   using DwarfSectionImpl<AddressType>::entries_end_;
   using DwarfSectionImpl<AddressType>::last_error_;
-  using DwarfSectionImpl<AddressType>::load_bias_;
+  using DwarfSectionImpl<AddressType>::section_bias_;
 
   struct FdeInfo {
     AddressType pc;
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
     return pc + this->memory_.cur_offset() - 4;
   }
 
-  bool Init(uint64_t offset, uint64_t size, uint64_t load_bias) override;
+  bool Init(uint64_t offset, uint64_t size, int64_t section_bias) override;
 
   const DwarfFde* GetFdeFromPc(uint64_t pc) override;
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.cpp b/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.cpp
index b505900..2e388c6 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfMemory.cpp
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
       // Nothing to do.
       break;
     case DW_EH_PE_pcrel:
-      if (pc_offset_ == static_cast<uint64_t>(-1)) {
+      if (pc_offset_ == INT64_MAX) {
         // Unsupported encoding.
         return false;
       }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/DwarfSection.cpp b/libunwindstack/DwarfSection.cpp
index 849a31a..cdb6141 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/DwarfSection.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/DwarfSection.cpp
@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@
   memory_.set_cur_offset(cur_offset);
 
   // The load bias only applies to the start.
-  memory_.set_pc_offset(load_bias_);
+  memory_.set_pc_offset(section_bias_);
   bool valid = memory_.ReadEncodedValue<AddressType>(cie->fde_address_encoding, &fde->pc_start);
   fde->pc_start = AdjustPcFromFde(fde->pc_start);
 
@@ -591,8 +591,9 @@
 }
 
 template <typename AddressType>
-bool DwarfSectionImplNoHdr<AddressType>::Init(uint64_t offset, uint64_t size, uint64_t load_bias) {
-  load_bias_ = load_bias;
+bool DwarfSectionImplNoHdr<AddressType>::Init(uint64_t offset, uint64_t size,
+                                              int64_t section_bias) {
+  section_bias_ = section_bias;
   entries_offset_ = offset;
   next_entries_offset_ = offset;
   entries_end_ = offset + size;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp b/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp
index 3454913..c141b2e 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/Elf.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 
   valid_ = interface_->Init(&load_bias_);
   if (valid_) {
-    interface_->InitHeaders(load_bias_);
+    interface_->InitHeaders();
     InitGnuDebugdata();
   } else {
     interface_.reset(nullptr);
@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@
 
   // Ignore the load_bias from the compressed section, the correct load bias
   // is in the uncompressed data.
-  uint64_t load_bias;
+  int64_t load_bias;
   if (gnu->Init(&load_bias)) {
-    gnu->InitHeaders(load_bias);
+    gnu->InitHeaders();
     interface_->SetGnuDebugdataInterface(gnu);
   } else {
     // Free all of the memory associated with the gnu_debugdata section.
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@
   }
 
   // Adjust by the load bias.
-  if (*memory_address < load_bias_) {
+  if (load_bias_ > 0 && *memory_address < static_cast<uint64_t>(load_bias_)) {
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@
 }
 
 bool Elf::IsValidPc(uint64_t pc) {
-  if (!valid_ || pc < load_bias_) {
+  if (!valid_ || (load_bias_ > 0 && pc < static_cast<uint64_t>(load_bias_))) {
     return false;
   }
 
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@
   return interface.release();
 }
 
-uint64_t Elf::GetLoadBias(Memory* memory) {
+int64_t Elf::GetLoadBias(Memory* memory) {
   if (!IsValidElf(memory)) {
     return 0;
   }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp b/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
index be1f092..e34273c 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/ElfInterface.cpp
@@ -124,10 +124,10 @@
 }
 
 template <typename AddressType>
-void ElfInterface::InitHeadersWithTemplate(uint64_t load_bias) {
+void ElfInterface::InitHeadersWithTemplate() {
   if (eh_frame_hdr_offset_ != 0) {
     eh_frame_.reset(new DwarfEhFrameWithHdr<AddressType>(memory_));
-    if (!eh_frame_->Init(eh_frame_hdr_offset_, eh_frame_hdr_size_, load_bias)) {
+    if (!eh_frame_->Init(eh_frame_hdr_offset_, eh_frame_hdr_size_, eh_frame_hdr_section_bias_)) {
       eh_frame_.reset(nullptr);
     }
   }
@@ -136,21 +136,23 @@
     // If there is an eh_frame section without an eh_frame_hdr section,
     // or using the frame hdr object failed to init.
     eh_frame_.reset(new DwarfEhFrame<AddressType>(memory_));
-    if (!eh_frame_->Init(eh_frame_offset_, eh_frame_size_, load_bias)) {
+    if (!eh_frame_->Init(eh_frame_offset_, eh_frame_size_, eh_frame_section_bias_)) {
       eh_frame_.reset(nullptr);
     }
   }
 
   if (eh_frame_.get() == nullptr) {
     eh_frame_hdr_offset_ = 0;
+    eh_frame_hdr_section_bias_ = 0;
     eh_frame_hdr_size_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1);
     eh_frame_offset_ = 0;
+    eh_frame_section_bias_ = 0;
     eh_frame_size_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1);
   }
 
   if (debug_frame_offset_ != 0) {
     debug_frame_.reset(new DwarfDebugFrame<AddressType>(memory_));
-    if (!debug_frame_->Init(debug_frame_offset_, debug_frame_size_, load_bias)) {
+    if (!debug_frame_->Init(debug_frame_offset_, debug_frame_size_, debug_frame_section_bias_)) {
       debug_frame_.reset(nullptr);
       debug_frame_offset_ = 0;
       debug_frame_size_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1);
@@ -159,7 +161,7 @@
 }
 
 template <typename EhdrType, typename PhdrType, typename ShdrType>
-bool ElfInterface::ReadAllHeaders(uint64_t* load_bias) {
+bool ElfInterface::ReadAllHeaders(int64_t* load_bias) {
   EhdrType ehdr;
   if (!memory_->ReadFully(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr))) {
     last_error_.code = ERROR_MEMORY_INVALID;
@@ -175,7 +177,7 @@
 }
 
 template <typename EhdrType, typename PhdrType>
-uint64_t ElfInterface::GetLoadBias(Memory* memory) {
+int64_t ElfInterface::GetLoadBias(Memory* memory) {
   EhdrType ehdr;
   if (!memory->ReadFully(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr))) {
     return false;
@@ -190,17 +192,14 @@
 
     // Find the first executable load when looking for the load bias.
     if (phdr.p_type == PT_LOAD && (phdr.p_flags & PF_X)) {
-      if (phdr.p_vaddr > phdr.p_offset) {
-        return phdr.p_vaddr - phdr.p_offset;
-      }
-      break;
+      return static_cast<uint64_t>(phdr.p_vaddr) - phdr.p_offset;
     }
   }
   return 0;
 }
 
 template <typename EhdrType, typename PhdrType>
-void ElfInterface::ReadProgramHeaders(const EhdrType& ehdr, uint64_t* load_bias) {
+void ElfInterface::ReadProgramHeaders(const EhdrType& ehdr, int64_t* load_bias) {
   uint64_t offset = ehdr.e_phoff;
   bool first_exec_load_header = true;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < ehdr.e_phnum; i++, offset += ehdr.e_phentsize) {
@@ -219,8 +218,8 @@
       pt_loads_[phdr.p_offset] = LoadInfo{phdr.p_offset, phdr.p_vaddr,
                                           static_cast<size_t>(phdr.p_memsz)};
       // Only set the load bias from the first executable load header.
-      if (first_exec_load_header && phdr.p_vaddr > phdr.p_offset) {
-        *load_bias = phdr.p_vaddr - phdr.p_offset;
+      if (first_exec_load_header) {
+        *load_bias = static_cast<uint64_t>(phdr.p_vaddr) - phdr.p_offset;
       }
       first_exec_load_header = false;
       break;
@@ -229,6 +228,7 @@
     case PT_GNU_EH_FRAME:
       // This is really the pointer to the .eh_frame_hdr section.
       eh_frame_hdr_offset_ = phdr.p_offset;
+      eh_frame_hdr_section_bias_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(phdr.p_paddr) - phdr.p_offset;
       eh_frame_hdr_size_ = phdr.p_memsz;
       break;
 
@@ -343,24 +343,21 @@
       if (shdr.sh_name < sec_size) {
         std::string name;
         if (memory_->ReadString(sec_offset + shdr.sh_name, &name)) {
-          uint64_t* offset_ptr = nullptr;
-          uint64_t* size_ptr = nullptr;
           if (name == ".debug_frame") {
-            offset_ptr = &debug_frame_offset_;
-            size_ptr = &debug_frame_size_;
+            debug_frame_offset_ = shdr.sh_offset;
+            debug_frame_size_ = shdr.sh_size;
+            debug_frame_section_bias_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(shdr.sh_addr) - shdr.sh_offset;
           } else if (name == ".gnu_debugdata") {
-            offset_ptr = &gnu_debugdata_offset_;
-            size_ptr = &gnu_debugdata_size_;
+            gnu_debugdata_offset_ = shdr.sh_offset;
+            gnu_debugdata_size_ = shdr.sh_size;
           } else if (name == ".eh_frame") {
-            offset_ptr = &eh_frame_offset_;
-            size_ptr = &eh_frame_size_;
+            eh_frame_offset_ = shdr.sh_offset;
+            eh_frame_section_bias_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(shdr.sh_addr) - shdr.sh_offset;
+            eh_frame_size_ = shdr.sh_size;
           } else if (eh_frame_hdr_offset_ == 0 && name == ".eh_frame_hdr") {
-            offset_ptr = &eh_frame_hdr_offset_;
-            size_ptr = &eh_frame_hdr_size_;
-          }
-          if (offset_ptr != nullptr) {
-            *offset_ptr = shdr.sh_offset;
-            *size_ptr = shdr.sh_size;
+            eh_frame_hdr_offset_ = shdr.sh_offset;
+            eh_frame_hdr_section_bias_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(shdr.sh_addr) - shdr.sh_offset;
+            eh_frame_hdr_size_ = shdr.sh_size;
           }
         }
       }
@@ -642,16 +639,14 @@
 }
 
 // Instantiate all of the needed template functions.
-template void ElfInterface::InitHeadersWithTemplate<uint32_t>(uint64_t);
-template void ElfInterface::InitHeadersWithTemplate<uint64_t>(uint64_t);
+template void ElfInterface::InitHeadersWithTemplate<uint32_t>();
+template void ElfInterface::InitHeadersWithTemplate<uint64_t>();
 
-template bool ElfInterface::ReadAllHeaders<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, Elf32_Shdr>(uint64_t*);
-template bool ElfInterface::ReadAllHeaders<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, Elf64_Shdr>(uint64_t*);
+template bool ElfInterface::ReadAllHeaders<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, Elf32_Shdr>(int64_t*);
+template bool ElfInterface::ReadAllHeaders<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, Elf64_Shdr>(int64_t*);
 
-template void ElfInterface::ReadProgramHeaders<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr>(const Elf32_Ehdr&,
-                                                                       uint64_t*);
-template void ElfInterface::ReadProgramHeaders<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr>(const Elf64_Ehdr&,
-                                                                       uint64_t*);
+template void ElfInterface::ReadProgramHeaders<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr>(const Elf32_Ehdr&, int64_t*);
+template void ElfInterface::ReadProgramHeaders<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr>(const Elf64_Ehdr&, int64_t*);
 
 template void ElfInterface::ReadSectionHeaders<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr>(const Elf32_Ehdr&);
 template void ElfInterface::ReadSectionHeaders<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr>(const Elf64_Ehdr&);
@@ -673,8 +668,8 @@
 template void ElfInterface::GetMaxSizeWithTemplate<Elf32_Ehdr>(Memory*, uint64_t*);
 template void ElfInterface::GetMaxSizeWithTemplate<Elf64_Ehdr>(Memory*, uint64_t*);
 
-template uint64_t ElfInterface::GetLoadBias<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr>(Memory*);
-template uint64_t ElfInterface::GetLoadBias<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr>(Memory*);
+template int64_t ElfInterface::GetLoadBias<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr>(Memory*);
+template int64_t ElfInterface::GetLoadBias<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr>(Memory*);
 
 template std::string ElfInterface::ReadBuildIDFromMemory<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Nhdr>(
     Memory*);
diff --git a/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.cpp b/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.cpp
index 3dd5d54..76f2dc8 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 
 namespace unwindstack {
 
-bool ElfInterfaceArm::Init(uint64_t* load_bias) {
+bool ElfInterfaceArm::Init(int64_t* load_bias) {
   if (!ElfInterface32::Init(load_bias)) {
     return false;
   }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.h b/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.h
index 4c3a0c3..1d71cac 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/ElfInterfaceArm.h
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
   iterator begin() { return iterator(this, 0); }
   iterator end() { return iterator(this, total_entries_); }
 
-  bool Init(uint64_t* load_bias) override;
+  bool Init(int64_t* section_bias) override;
 
   bool GetPrel31Addr(uint32_t offset, uint32_t* addr);
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp b/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
index 5b30a4d..f2dad84 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/MapInfo.cpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
@@ -263,8 +264,8 @@
 }
 
 uint64_t MapInfo::GetLoadBias(const std::shared_ptr<Memory>& process_memory) {
-  uint64_t cur_load_bias = load_bias.load();
-  if (cur_load_bias != static_cast<uint64_t>(-1)) {
+  int64_t cur_load_bias = load_bias.load();
+  if (cur_load_bias != INT64_MAX) {
     return cur_load_bias;
   }
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfMemory.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfMemory.h
index 8dd8d2b..c45699a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfMemory.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfMemory.h
@@ -49,8 +49,8 @@
   uint64_t cur_offset() { return cur_offset_; }
   void set_cur_offset(uint64_t cur_offset) { cur_offset_ = cur_offset; }
 
-  void set_pc_offset(uint64_t offset) { pc_offset_ = offset; }
-  void clear_pc_offset() { pc_offset_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1); }
+  void set_pc_offset(int64_t offset) { pc_offset_ = offset; }
+  void clear_pc_offset() { pc_offset_ = INT64_MAX; }
 
   void set_data_offset(uint64_t offset) { data_offset_ = offset; }
   void clear_data_offset() { data_offset_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1); }
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
   Memory* memory_;
   uint64_t cur_offset_ = 0;
 
-  uint64_t pc_offset_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1);
+  int64_t pc_offset_ = INT64_MAX;
   uint64_t data_offset_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1);
   uint64_t func_offset_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1);
   uint64_t text_offset_ = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1);
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfSection.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfSection.h
index e9942de..0b3f6d4 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfSection.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/DwarfSection.h
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
   DwarfErrorCode LastErrorCode() { return last_error_.code; }
   uint64_t LastErrorAddress() { return last_error_.address; }
 
-  virtual bool Init(uint64_t offset, uint64_t size, uint64_t load_bias) = 0;
+  virtual bool Init(uint64_t offset, uint64_t size, int64_t section_bias) = 0;
 
   virtual bool Eval(const DwarfCie*, Memory*, const dwarf_loc_regs_t&, Regs*, bool*) = 0;
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
   bool EvalExpression(const DwarfLocation& loc, Memory* regular_memory, AddressType* value,
                       RegsInfo<AddressType>* regs_info, bool* is_dex_pc);
 
-  uint64_t load_bias_ = 0;
+  int64_t section_bias_ = 0;
   uint64_t entries_offset_ = 0;
   uint64_t entries_end_ = 0;
   uint64_t pc_offset_ = 0;
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@
   using DwarfSectionImpl<AddressType>::entries_offset_;
   using DwarfSectionImpl<AddressType>::entries_end_;
   using DwarfSectionImpl<AddressType>::last_error_;
-  using DwarfSectionImpl<AddressType>::load_bias_;
+  using DwarfSectionImpl<AddressType>::section_bias_;
   using DwarfSectionImpl<AddressType>::cie_entries_;
   using DwarfSectionImpl<AddressType>::fde_entries_;
   using DwarfSectionImpl<AddressType>::cie32_value_;
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
   DwarfSectionImplNoHdr(Memory* memory) : DwarfSectionImpl<AddressType>(memory) {}
   virtual ~DwarfSectionImplNoHdr() = default;
 
-  bool Init(uint64_t offset, uint64_t size, uint64_t load_bias) override;
+  bool Init(uint64_t offset, uint64_t size, int64_t section_bias) override;
 
   const DwarfFde* GetFdeFromPc(uint64_t pc) override;
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h
index 56bf318..fc3f2a6 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/Elf.h
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 
   std::string GetBuildID();
 
-  uint64_t GetLoadBias() { return load_bias_; }
+  int64_t GetLoadBias() { return load_bias_; }
 
   bool IsValidPc(uint64_t pc);
 
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@
 
   static bool GetInfo(Memory* memory, uint64_t* size);
 
-  static uint64_t GetLoadBias(Memory* memory);
+  static int64_t GetLoadBias(Memory* memory);
 
   static std::string GetBuildID(Memory* memory);
 
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
 
  protected:
   bool valid_ = false;
-  uint64_t load_bias_ = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias_ = 0;
   std::unique_ptr<ElfInterface> interface_;
   std::unique_ptr<Memory> memory_;
   uint32_t machine_type_;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/ElfInterface.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/ElfInterface.h
index dbd917d..ae9bd9a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/ElfInterface.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/ElfInterface.h
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@
   ElfInterface(Memory* memory) : memory_(memory) {}
   virtual ~ElfInterface();
 
-  virtual bool Init(uint64_t* load_bias) = 0;
+  virtual bool Init(int64_t* load_bias) = 0;
 
-  virtual void InitHeaders(uint64_t load_bias) = 0;
+  virtual void InitHeaders() = 0;
 
   virtual std::string GetSoname() = 0;
 
@@ -80,10 +80,13 @@
   uint64_t dynamic_vaddr() { return dynamic_vaddr_; }
   uint64_t dynamic_size() { return dynamic_size_; }
   uint64_t eh_frame_hdr_offset() { return eh_frame_hdr_offset_; }
+  int64_t eh_frame_hdr_section_bias() { return eh_frame_hdr_section_bias_; }
   uint64_t eh_frame_hdr_size() { return eh_frame_hdr_size_; }
   uint64_t eh_frame_offset() { return eh_frame_offset_; }
+  int64_t eh_frame_section_bias() { return eh_frame_section_bias_; }
   uint64_t eh_frame_size() { return eh_frame_size_; }
   uint64_t debug_frame_offset() { return debug_frame_offset_; }
+  int64_t debug_frame_section_bias() { return debug_frame_section_bias_; }
   uint64_t debug_frame_size() { return debug_frame_size_; }
   uint64_t gnu_debugdata_offset() { return gnu_debugdata_offset_; }
   uint64_t gnu_debugdata_size() { return gnu_debugdata_size_; }
@@ -98,20 +101,20 @@
   uint64_t LastErrorAddress() { return last_error_.address; }
 
   template <typename EhdrType, typename PhdrType>
-  static uint64_t GetLoadBias(Memory* memory);
+  static int64_t GetLoadBias(Memory* memory);
 
   template <typename EhdrType, typename ShdrType, typename NhdrType>
   static std::string ReadBuildIDFromMemory(Memory* memory);
 
  protected:
   template <typename AddressType>
-  void InitHeadersWithTemplate(uint64_t load_bias);
+  void InitHeadersWithTemplate();
 
   template <typename EhdrType, typename PhdrType, typename ShdrType>
-  bool ReadAllHeaders(uint64_t* load_bias);
+  bool ReadAllHeaders(int64_t* load_bias);
 
   template <typename EhdrType, typename PhdrType>
-  void ReadProgramHeaders(const EhdrType& ehdr, uint64_t* load_bias);
+  void ReadProgramHeaders(const EhdrType& ehdr, int64_t* load_bias);
 
   template <typename EhdrType, typename ShdrType>
   void ReadSectionHeaders(const EhdrType& ehdr);
@@ -142,12 +145,15 @@
   uint64_t dynamic_size_ = 0;
 
   uint64_t eh_frame_hdr_offset_ = 0;
+  int64_t eh_frame_hdr_section_bias_ = 0;
   uint64_t eh_frame_hdr_size_ = 0;
 
   uint64_t eh_frame_offset_ = 0;
+  int64_t eh_frame_section_bias_ = 0;
   uint64_t eh_frame_size_ = 0;
 
   uint64_t debug_frame_offset_ = 0;
+  int64_t debug_frame_section_bias_ = 0;
   uint64_t debug_frame_size_ = 0;
 
   uint64_t gnu_debugdata_offset_ = 0;
@@ -175,13 +181,11 @@
   ElfInterface32(Memory* memory) : ElfInterface(memory) {}
   virtual ~ElfInterface32() = default;
 
-  bool Init(uint64_t* load_bias) override {
+  bool Init(int64_t* load_bias) override {
     return ElfInterface::ReadAllHeaders<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, Elf32_Shdr>(load_bias);
   }
 
-  void InitHeaders(uint64_t load_bias) override {
-    ElfInterface::InitHeadersWithTemplate<uint32_t>(load_bias);
-  }
+  void InitHeaders() override { ElfInterface::InitHeadersWithTemplate<uint32_t>(); }
 
   std::string GetSoname() override { return ElfInterface::GetSonameWithTemplate<Elf32_Dyn>(); }
 
@@ -205,13 +209,11 @@
   ElfInterface64(Memory* memory) : ElfInterface(memory) {}
   virtual ~ElfInterface64() = default;
 
-  bool Init(uint64_t* load_bias) override {
+  bool Init(int64_t* load_bias) override {
     return ElfInterface::ReadAllHeaders<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, Elf64_Shdr>(load_bias);
   }
 
-  void InitHeaders(uint64_t load_bias) override {
-    ElfInterface::InitHeadersWithTemplate<uint64_t>(load_bias);
-  }
+  void InitHeaders() override { ElfInterface::InitHeadersWithTemplate<uint64_t>(); }
 
   std::string GetSoname() override { return ElfInterface::GetSonameWithTemplate<Elf64_Dyn>(); }
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h
index 6c5cfc4..8f0c516 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/include/unwindstack/MapInfo.h
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
         flags(flags),
         name(name),
         prev_map(map_info),
-        load_bias(static_cast<uint64_t>(-1)),
+        load_bias(INT64_MAX),
         build_id(0) {}
   MapInfo(MapInfo* map_info, uint64_t start, uint64_t end, uint64_t offset, uint64_t flags,
           const std::string& name)
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
         flags(flags),
         name(name),
         prev_map(map_info),
-        load_bias(static_cast<uint64_t>(-1)),
+        load_bias(INT64_MAX),
         build_id(0) {}
   ~MapInfo();
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 
   MapInfo* prev_map = nullptr;
 
-  std::atomic_uint64_t load_bias;
+  std::atomic_int64_t load_bias;
 
   // This is a pointer to a new'd std::string.
   // Using an atomic value means that we don't need to lock and will
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionImplTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionImplTest.cpp
index b386ef4..a9d6dad 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionImplTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionImplTest.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
   TestDwarfSectionImpl(Memory* memory) : DwarfSectionImpl<TypeParam>(memory) {}
   virtual ~TestDwarfSectionImpl() = default;
 
-  bool Init(uint64_t, uint64_t, uint64_t) override { return false; }
+  bool Init(uint64_t, uint64_t, int64_t) override { return false; }
 
   void GetFdes(std::vector<const DwarfFde*>*) override {}
 
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionTest.cpp
index d754fcc..953dc75 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/DwarfSectionTest.cpp
@@ -30,23 +30,24 @@
   MockDwarfSection(Memory* memory) : DwarfSection(memory) {}
   virtual ~MockDwarfSection() = default;
 
-  MOCK_METHOD3(Init, bool(uint64_t, uint64_t, uint64_t));
+  MOCK_METHOD(bool, Init, (uint64_t, uint64_t, int64_t), (override));
 
-  MOCK_METHOD5(Eval, bool(const DwarfCie*, Memory*, const dwarf_loc_regs_t&, Regs*, bool*));
+  MOCK_METHOD(bool, Eval, (const DwarfCie*, Memory*, const dwarf_loc_regs_t&, Regs*, bool*),
+              (override));
 
-  MOCK_METHOD3(Log, bool(uint8_t, uint64_t, const DwarfFde*));
+  MOCK_METHOD(bool, Log, (uint8_t, uint64_t, const DwarfFde*), (override));
 
-  MOCK_METHOD1(GetFdes, void(std::vector<const DwarfFde*>*));
+  MOCK_METHOD(void, GetFdes, (std::vector<const DwarfFde*>*), (override));
 
-  MOCK_METHOD1(GetFdeFromPc, const DwarfFde*(uint64_t));
+  MOCK_METHOD(const DwarfFde*, GetFdeFromPc, (uint64_t), (override));
 
-  MOCK_METHOD3(GetCfaLocationInfo, bool(uint64_t, const DwarfFde*, dwarf_loc_regs_t*));
+  MOCK_METHOD(bool, GetCfaLocationInfo, (uint64_t, const DwarfFde*, dwarf_loc_regs_t*), (override));
 
-  MOCK_METHOD1(GetCieOffsetFromFde32, uint64_t(uint32_t));
+  MOCK_METHOD(uint64_t, GetCieOffsetFromFde32, (uint32_t), (override));
 
-  MOCK_METHOD1(GetCieOffsetFromFde64, uint64_t(uint64_t));
+  MOCK_METHOD(uint64_t, GetCieOffsetFromFde64, (uint64_t), (override));
 
-  MOCK_METHOD1(AdjustPcFromFde, uint64_t(uint64_t));
+  MOCK_METHOD(uint64_t, AdjustPcFromFde, (uint64_t), (override));
 };
 
 class DwarfSectionTest : public ::testing::Test {
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfFake.h b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfFake.h
index bd3083c..832e64a 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfFake.h
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfFake.h
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@
   ElfInterfaceFake(Memory* memory) : ElfInterface(memory) {}
   virtual ~ElfInterfaceFake() = default;
 
-  bool Init(uint64_t*) override { return false; }
-  void InitHeaders(uint64_t) override {}
+  bool Init(int64_t*) override { return false; }
+  void InitHeaders() override {}
   std::string GetSoname() override { return fake_soname_; }
 
   bool GetFunctionName(uint64_t, std::string*, uint64_t*) override;
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfInterfaceTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfInterfaceTest.cpp
index 5b2036b..b048b17 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfInterfaceTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfInterfaceTest.cpp
@@ -112,6 +112,21 @@
   template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
   void InitSectionHeadersOffsets();
 
+  template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+  void InitSectionHeadersOffsetsEhFrameSectionBias(uint64_t addr, uint64_t offset,
+                                                   int64_t expected_bias);
+
+  template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+  void InitSectionHeadersOffsetsEhFrameHdrSectionBias(uint64_t addr, uint64_t offset,
+                                                      int64_t expected_bias);
+
+  template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+  void InitSectionHeadersOffsetsDebugFrameSectionBias(uint64_t addr, uint64_t offset,
+                                                      int64_t expected_bias);
+
+  template <typename Ehdr, typename Phdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+  void CheckGnuEhFrame(uint64_t addr, uint64_t offset, int64_t expected_bias);
+
   template <typename Sym>
   void InitSym(uint64_t offset, uint32_t value, uint32_t size, uint32_t name_offset,
                uint64_t sym_offset, const char* name);
@@ -132,10 +147,10 @@
   void BuildIDSectionTooSmallForHeader();
 
   template <typename Ehdr, typename Phdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
-  void CheckLoadBiasInFirstPhdr(uint64_t load_bias);
+  void CheckLoadBiasInFirstPhdr(int64_t load_bias);
 
   template <typename Ehdr, typename Phdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
-  void CheckLoadBiasInFirstExecPhdr(uint64_t offset, uint64_t vaddr, uint64_t load_bias);
+  void CheckLoadBiasInFirstExecPhdr(uint64_t offset, uint64_t vaddr, int64_t load_bias);
 
   MemoryFake memory_;
 };
@@ -172,9 +187,9 @@
   phdr.p_align = 0x1000;
   memory_.SetMemory(0x100, &phdr, sizeof(phdr));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x2000U, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2000, load_bias);
 
   const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, LoadInfo>& pt_loads = elf->pt_loads();
   ASSERT_EQ(1U, pt_loads.size());
@@ -184,11 +199,11 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0x10000U, load_data.table_size);
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf32_single_pt_load) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, single_pt_load_32) {
   SinglePtLoad<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, Elf32_Dyn, ElfInterface32>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf64_single_pt_load) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, single_pt_load_64) {
   SinglePtLoad<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, Elf64_Dyn, ElfInterface64>();
 }
 
@@ -228,9 +243,9 @@
   phdr.p_align = 0x1002;
   memory_.SetMemory(0x100 + 2 * sizeof(phdr), &phdr, sizeof(phdr));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x2000U, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2000, load_bias);
 
   const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, LoadInfo>& pt_loads = elf->pt_loads();
   ASSERT_EQ(3U, pt_loads.size());
@@ -251,11 +266,11 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0x10002U, load_data.table_size);
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf32_multiple_executable_pt_loads) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, multiple_executable_pt_loads_32) {
   MultipleExecutablePtLoads<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, Elf32_Dyn, ElfInterface32>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf64_multiple_executable_pt_loads) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, multiple_executable_pt_loads_64) {
   MultipleExecutablePtLoads<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, Elf64_Dyn, ElfInterface64>();
 }
 
@@ -295,9 +310,9 @@
   phdr.p_align = 0x1002;
   memory_.SetMemory(0x100 + 2 * (sizeof(phdr) + 100), &phdr, sizeof(phdr));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x2000U, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2000, load_bias);
 
   const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, LoadInfo>& pt_loads = elf->pt_loads();
   ASSERT_EQ(3U, pt_loads.size());
@@ -318,12 +333,12 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0x10002U, load_data.table_size);
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf32_multiple_executable_pt_loads_increments_not_size_of_phdr) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, multiple_executable_pt_loads_increments_not_size_of_phdr_32) {
   MultipleExecutablePtLoadsIncrementsNotSizeOfPhdr<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, Elf32_Dyn,
                                                    ElfInterface32>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf64_multiple_executable_pt_loads_increments_not_size_of_phdr) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, multiple_executable_pt_loads_increments_not_size_of_phdr_64) {
   MultipleExecutablePtLoadsIncrementsNotSizeOfPhdr<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, Elf64_Dyn,
                                                    ElfInterface64>();
 }
@@ -364,9 +379,9 @@
   phdr.p_align = 0x1002;
   memory_.SetMemory(0x100 + 2 * sizeof(phdr), &phdr, sizeof(phdr));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x1001U, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x1001, load_bias);
 
   const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, LoadInfo>& pt_loads = elf->pt_loads();
   ASSERT_EQ(1U, pt_loads.size());
@@ -377,11 +392,11 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0x10001U, load_data.table_size);
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf32_non_executable_pt_loads) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, non_executable_pt_loads_32) {
   NonExecutablePtLoads<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, Elf32_Dyn, ElfInterface32>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf64_non_executable_pt_loads) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, non_executable_pt_loads_64) {
   NonExecutablePtLoads<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, Elf64_Dyn, ElfInterface64>();
 }
 
@@ -434,11 +449,10 @@
   memset(&phdr, 0, sizeof(phdr));
   phdr.p_type = PT_GNU_EH_FRAME;
   memory_.SetMemory(phdr_offset, &phdr, sizeof(phdr));
-  phdr_offset += sizeof(phdr);
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x2000U, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2000, load_bias);
 
   const std::unordered_map<uint64_t, LoadInfo>& pt_loads = elf->pt_loads();
   ASSERT_EQ(1U, pt_loads.size());
@@ -449,15 +463,15 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0x10000U, load_data.table_size);
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf32_many_phdrs) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, many_phdrs_32) {
   ElfInterfaceTest::ManyPhdrs<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, Elf32_Dyn, ElfInterface32>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf64_many_phdrs) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, many_phdrs_64) {
   ElfInterfaceTest::ManyPhdrs<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, Elf64_Dyn, ElfInterface64>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf32_arm) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, arm32) {
   ElfInterfaceArm elf_arm(&memory_);
 
   Elf32_Ehdr ehdr = {};
@@ -476,9 +490,9 @@
   memory_.SetData32(0x2000, 0x1000);
   memory_.SetData32(0x2008, 0x1000);
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf_arm.Init(&load_bias));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, load_bias);
 
   std::vector<uint32_t> entries;
   for (auto addr : elf_arm) {
@@ -557,19 +571,19 @@
 void ElfInterfaceTest::Soname() {
   std::unique_ptr<ElfInterface> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, load_bias);
 
   ASSERT_EQ("fake_soname.so", elf->GetSoname());
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf32_soname) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, soname_32) {
   SonameInit<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Dyn>();
   Soname<ElfInterface32>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf64_soname) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, soname_64) {
   SonameInit<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Dyn>();
   Soname<ElfInterface64>();
 }
@@ -578,19 +592,19 @@
 void ElfInterfaceTest::SonameAfterDtNull() {
   std::unique_ptr<ElfInterface> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, load_bias);
 
   ASSERT_EQ("", elf->GetSoname());
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf32_soname_after_dt_null) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, soname_after_dt_null_32) {
   SonameInit<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Dyn>(SONAME_DTNULL_AFTER);
   SonameAfterDtNull<ElfInterface32>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf64_soname_after_dt_null) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, soname_after_dt_null_64) {
   SonameInit<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Dyn>(SONAME_DTNULL_AFTER);
   SonameAfterDtNull<ElfInterface64>();
 }
@@ -599,19 +613,19 @@
 void ElfInterfaceTest::SonameSize() {
   std::unique_ptr<ElfInterface> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, load_bias);
 
   ASSERT_EQ("", elf->GetSoname());
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf32_soname_size) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, soname_size_32) {
   SonameInit<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Dyn>(SONAME_DTSIZE_SMALL);
   SonameSize<ElfInterface32>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf64_soname_size) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, soname_size_64) {
   SonameInit<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Dyn>(SONAME_DTSIZE_SMALL);
   SonameSize<ElfInterface64>();
 }
@@ -622,19 +636,19 @@
 void ElfInterfaceTest::SonameMissingMap() {
   std::unique_ptr<ElfInterface> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, load_bias);
 
   ASSERT_EQ("", elf->GetSoname());
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf32_soname_missing_map) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, soname_missing_map_32) {
   SonameInit<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Dyn>(SONAME_MISSING_MAP);
   SonameMissingMap<ElfInterface32>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, elf64_soname_missing_map) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, soname_missing_map_64) {
   SonameInit<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Dyn>(SONAME_MISSING_MAP);
   SonameMissingMap<ElfInterface64>();
 }
@@ -653,17 +667,17 @@
   memory_.SetData32(0x10004, 0x500);
   memory_.SetData32(0x10008, 250);
 
-  elf.InitHeaders(0);
+  elf.InitHeaders();
 
   EXPECT_FALSE(elf.eh_frame() == nullptr);
   EXPECT_TRUE(elf.debug_frame() == nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_headers_eh_frame32) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_headers_eh_frame_32) {
   InitHeadersEhFrameTest<ElfInterface32Fake>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_headers_eh_frame64) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_headers_eh_frame_64) {
   InitHeadersEhFrameTest<ElfInterface64Fake>();
 }
 
@@ -685,17 +699,17 @@
   memory_.SetData32(0x5108, 0x1500);
   memory_.SetData32(0x510c, 0x200);
 
-  elf.InitHeaders(0);
+  elf.InitHeaders();
 
   EXPECT_TRUE(elf.eh_frame() == nullptr);
   EXPECT_FALSE(elf.debug_frame() == nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_headers_debug_frame32) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_headers_debug_frame_32) {
   InitHeadersDebugFrame<ElfInterface32Fake>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_headers_debug_frame64) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_headers_debug_frame_64) {
   InitHeadersDebugFrame<ElfInterface64Fake>();
 }
 
@@ -709,16 +723,16 @@
   ehdr.e_phentsize = sizeof(Phdr);
   memory_.SetMemory(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, load_bias);
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_program_headers_malformed32) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_program_headers_malformed_32) {
   InitProgramHeadersMalformed<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, ElfInterface32>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_program_headers_malformed64) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_program_headers_malformed_64) {
   InitProgramHeadersMalformed<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, ElfInterface64>();
 }
 
@@ -732,16 +746,16 @@
   ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Shdr);
   memory_.SetMemory(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, load_bias);
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_malformed32) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_malformed_32) {
   InitSectionHeadersMalformed<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, ElfInterface32>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_malformed64) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_malformed_64) {
   InitSectionHeadersMalformed<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, ElfInterface64>();
 }
 
@@ -796,11 +810,10 @@
   shdr.sh_offset = 0xf000;
   shdr.sh_size = 0x1000;
   memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
-  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, load_bias);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, elf->debug_frame_offset());
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, elf->debug_frame_size());
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, elf->gnu_debugdata_offset());
@@ -811,11 +824,11 @@
   ASSERT_FALSE(elf->GetFunctionName(0x90010, &name, &name_offset));
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_malformed_symdata32) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_malformed_symdata_32) {
   InitSectionHeadersMalformedSymData<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, ElfInterface32>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_malformed_symdata64) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_malformed_symdata_64) {
   InitSectionHeadersMalformedSymData<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, ElfInterface64>();
 }
 
@@ -866,14 +879,13 @@
   shdr.sh_offset = 0xf000;
   shdr.sh_size = 0x1000;
   memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
-  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
 
   InitSym<Sym>(0x5000, 0x90000, 0x1000, 0x100, 0xf000, "function_one");
   InitSym<Sym>(0x6000, 0xd0000, 0x1000, 0x300, 0xf000, "function_two");
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, load_bias);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, elf->debug_frame_offset());
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, elf->debug_frame_size());
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, elf->gnu_debugdata_offset());
@@ -890,19 +902,19 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(32U, name_offset);
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers32) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_32) {
   InitSectionHeaders<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Sym, ElfInterface32>(sizeof(Elf32_Shdr));
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers64) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_64) {
   InitSectionHeaders<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Sym, ElfInterface64>(sizeof(Elf64_Shdr));
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_non_std_entry_size32) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_non_std_entry_size_32) {
   InitSectionHeaders<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Sym, ElfInterface32>(0x100);
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_non_std_entry_size64) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_non_std_entry_size_64) {
   InitSectionHeaders<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Sym, ElfInterface64>(0x100);
 }
 
@@ -967,7 +979,7 @@
   shdr.sh_type = SHT_PROGBITS;
   shdr.sh_link = 2;
   shdr.sh_name = 0x400;
-  shdr.sh_addr = 0x6000;
+  shdr.sh_addr = 0xa000;
   shdr.sh_offset = 0xa000;
   shdr.sh_entsize = 0x100;
   shdr.sh_size = 0xf00;
@@ -977,10 +989,10 @@
   memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
   shdr.sh_type = SHT_NOTE;
   shdr.sh_name = 0x500;
+  shdr.sh_addr = 0xb000;
   shdr.sh_offset = 0xb000;
   shdr.sh_size = 0xf00;
   memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
-  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
 
   memory_.SetMemory(0xf100, ".debug_frame", sizeof(".debug_frame"));
   memory_.SetMemory(0xf200, ".gnu_debugdata", sizeof(".gnu_debugdata"));
@@ -988,29 +1000,352 @@
   memory_.SetMemory(0xf400, ".eh_frame_hdr", sizeof(".eh_frame_hdr"));
   memory_.SetMemory(0xf500, ".note.gnu.build-id", sizeof(".note.gnu.build-id"));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, load_bias);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x6000U, elf->debug_frame_offset());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, elf->debug_frame_section_bias());
   EXPECT_EQ(0x500U, elf->debug_frame_size());
+
   EXPECT_EQ(0x5000U, elf->gnu_debugdata_offset());
   EXPECT_EQ(0x800U, elf->gnu_debugdata_size());
+
   EXPECT_EQ(0x7000U, elf->eh_frame_offset());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, elf->eh_frame_section_bias());
   EXPECT_EQ(0x800U, elf->eh_frame_size());
+
   EXPECT_EQ(0xa000U, elf->eh_frame_hdr_offset());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, elf->eh_frame_hdr_section_bias());
   EXPECT_EQ(0xf00U, elf->eh_frame_hdr_size());
+
   EXPECT_EQ(0xb000U, elf->gnu_build_id_offset());
   EXPECT_EQ(0xf00U, elf->gnu_build_id_size());
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets32) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_32) {
   InitSectionHeadersOffsets<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, ElfInterface32>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets64) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_64) {
   InitSectionHeadersOffsets<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, ElfInterface64>();
 }
 
+template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+void ElfInterfaceTest::InitSectionHeadersOffsetsEhFrameSectionBias(uint64_t addr, uint64_t offset,
+                                                                   int64_t expected_bias) {
+  std::unique_ptr<ElfInterfaceType> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
+
+  uint64_t elf_offset = 0x2000;
+
+  Ehdr ehdr = {};
+  ehdr.e_shoff = elf_offset;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 4;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Shdr);
+  ehdr.e_shstrndx = 2;
+  memory_.SetMemory(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+  elf_offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  Shdr shdr = {};
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_PROGBITS;
+  shdr.sh_link = 2;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x200;
+  shdr.sh_addr = 0x8000;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0x8000;
+  shdr.sh_entsize = 0x100;
+  shdr.sh_size = 0x800;
+  memory_.SetMemory(elf_offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+  elf_offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  // The string data for section header names.
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x20000;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0xf000;
+  shdr.sh_size = 0x1000;
+  memory_.SetMemory(elf_offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+  elf_offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_PROGBITS;
+  shdr.sh_link = 2;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x100;
+  shdr.sh_addr = addr;
+  shdr.sh_offset = offset;
+  shdr.sh_entsize = 0x100;
+  shdr.sh_size = 0x500;
+  memory_.SetMemory(elf_offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+
+  memory_.SetMemory(0xf100, ".eh_frame", sizeof(".eh_frame"));
+  memory_.SetMemory(0xf200, ".eh_frame_hdr", sizeof(".eh_frame_hdr"));
+
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(offset, elf->eh_frame_offset());
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_bias, elf->eh_frame_section_bias());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x500U, elf->eh_frame_size());
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x8000U, elf->eh_frame_hdr_offset());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, elf->eh_frame_hdr_section_bias());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x800U, elf->eh_frame_hdr_size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_eh_frame_section_bias_zero_32) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsEhFrameSectionBias<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, ElfInterface32>(0x4000,
+                                                                                      0x4000, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_eh_frame_section_bias_zero_64) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsEhFrameSectionBias<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, ElfInterface64>(0x6000,
+                                                                                      0x6000, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_eh_frame_section_bias_positive_32) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsEhFrameSectionBias<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, ElfInterface32>(
+      0x5000, 0x4000, 0x1000);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_eh_frame_section_bias_positive_64) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsEhFrameSectionBias<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, ElfInterface64>(
+      0x6000, 0x4000, 0x2000);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_eh_frame_section_bias_negative_32) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsEhFrameSectionBias<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, ElfInterface32>(
+      0x3000, 0x4000, -0x1000);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_eh_frame_section_bias_negative_64) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsEhFrameSectionBias<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, ElfInterface64>(
+      0x6000, 0x9000, -0x3000);
+}
+
+template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+void ElfInterfaceTest::InitSectionHeadersOffsetsEhFrameHdrSectionBias(uint64_t addr,
+                                                                      uint64_t offset,
+                                                                      int64_t expected_bias) {
+  std::unique_ptr<ElfInterfaceType> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
+
+  uint64_t elf_offset = 0x2000;
+
+  Ehdr ehdr = {};
+  ehdr.e_shoff = elf_offset;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 4;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Shdr);
+  ehdr.e_shstrndx = 2;
+  memory_.SetMemory(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+  elf_offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  Shdr shdr = {};
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_PROGBITS;
+  shdr.sh_link = 2;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x200;
+  shdr.sh_addr = addr;
+  shdr.sh_offset = offset;
+  shdr.sh_entsize = 0x100;
+  shdr.sh_size = 0x800;
+  memory_.SetMemory(elf_offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+  elf_offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  // The string data for section header names.
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x20000;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0xf000;
+  shdr.sh_size = 0x1000;
+  memory_.SetMemory(elf_offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+  elf_offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_PROGBITS;
+  shdr.sh_link = 2;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x100;
+  shdr.sh_addr = 0x5000;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0x5000;
+  shdr.sh_entsize = 0x100;
+  shdr.sh_size = 0x500;
+  memory_.SetMemory(elf_offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+
+  memory_.SetMemory(0xf100, ".eh_frame", sizeof(".eh_frame"));
+  memory_.SetMemory(0xf200, ".eh_frame_hdr", sizeof(".eh_frame_hdr"));
+
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x5000U, elf->eh_frame_offset());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, elf->eh_frame_section_bias());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x500U, elf->eh_frame_size());
+  EXPECT_EQ(offset, elf->eh_frame_hdr_offset());
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_bias, elf->eh_frame_hdr_section_bias());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x800U, elf->eh_frame_hdr_size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_eh_frame_hdr_section_bias_zero_32) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsEhFrameHdrSectionBias<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, ElfInterface32>(0x9000,
+                                                                                         0x9000, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_eh_frame_hdr_section_bias_zero_64) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsEhFrameHdrSectionBias<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, ElfInterface64>(0xa000,
+                                                                                         0xa000, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_eh_frame_hdr_section_bias_positive_32) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsEhFrameHdrSectionBias<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, ElfInterface32>(
+      0x9000, 0x4000, 0x5000);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_eh_frame_hdr_section_bias_positive_64) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsEhFrameHdrSectionBias<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, ElfInterface64>(
+      0x6000, 0x1000, 0x5000);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_eh_frame_hdr_section_bias_negative_32) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsEhFrameHdrSectionBias<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, ElfInterface32>(
+      0x3000, 0x5000, -0x2000);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_eh_frame_hdr_section_bias_negative_64) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsEhFrameHdrSectionBias<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, ElfInterface64>(
+      0x5000, 0x9000, -0x4000);
+}
+
+template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+void ElfInterfaceTest::InitSectionHeadersOffsetsDebugFrameSectionBias(uint64_t addr,
+                                                                      uint64_t offset,
+                                                                      int64_t expected_bias) {
+  std::unique_ptr<ElfInterfaceType> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
+
+  uint64_t elf_offset = 0x2000;
+
+  Ehdr ehdr = {};
+  ehdr.e_shoff = elf_offset;
+  ehdr.e_shnum = 3;
+  ehdr.e_shentsize = sizeof(Shdr);
+  ehdr.e_shstrndx = 2;
+  memory_.SetMemory(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+  elf_offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  Shdr shdr = {};
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_PROGBITS;
+  shdr.sh_link = 2;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x100;
+  shdr.sh_addr = addr;
+  shdr.sh_offset = offset;
+  shdr.sh_entsize = 0x100;
+  shdr.sh_size = 0x800;
+  memory_.SetMemory(elf_offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+  elf_offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
+
+  // The string data for section header names.
+  memset(&shdr, 0, sizeof(shdr));
+  shdr.sh_type = SHT_STRTAB;
+  shdr.sh_name = 0x20000;
+  shdr.sh_offset = 0xf000;
+  shdr.sh_size = 0x1000;
+  memory_.SetMemory(elf_offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
+
+  memory_.SetMemory(0xf100, ".debug_frame", sizeof(".debug_frame"));
+
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(offset, elf->debug_frame_offset());
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_bias, elf->debug_frame_section_bias());
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x800U, elf->debug_frame_size());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_debug_frame_section_bias_zero_32) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsDebugFrameSectionBias<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, ElfInterface32>(0x5000,
+                                                                                         0x5000, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_debug_frame_section_bias_zero_64) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsDebugFrameSectionBias<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, ElfInterface64>(0xa000,
+                                                                                         0xa000, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_debug_frame_section_bias_positive_32) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsDebugFrameSectionBias<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, ElfInterface32>(
+      0x5000, 0x2000, 0x3000);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_debug_frame_section_bias_positive_64) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsDebugFrameSectionBias<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, ElfInterface64>(
+      0x7000, 0x1000, 0x6000);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_debug_frame_section_bias_negative_32) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsDebugFrameSectionBias<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, ElfInterface32>(
+      0x6000, 0x7000, -0x1000);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, init_section_headers_offsets_debug_frame_section_bias_negative_64) {
+  InitSectionHeadersOffsetsDebugFrameSectionBias<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, ElfInterface64>(
+      0x3000, 0x5000, -0x2000);
+}
+
+template <typename Ehdr, typename Phdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
+void ElfInterfaceTest::CheckGnuEhFrame(uint64_t addr, uint64_t offset, int64_t expected_bias) {
+  std::unique_ptr<ElfInterface> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
+
+  Ehdr ehdr = {};
+  ehdr.e_phoff = 0x100;
+  ehdr.e_phnum = 2;
+  ehdr.e_phentsize = sizeof(Phdr);
+  memory_.SetMemory(0, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr));
+
+  uint64_t phdr_offset = 0x100;
+
+  Phdr phdr = {};
+  phdr.p_type = PT_LOAD;
+  phdr.p_memsz = 0x10000;
+  phdr.p_flags = PF_R | PF_X;
+  phdr.p_align = 0x1000;
+  memory_.SetMemory(phdr_offset, &phdr, sizeof(phdr));
+  phdr_offset += sizeof(phdr);
+
+  memset(&phdr, 0, sizeof(phdr));
+  phdr.p_type = PT_GNU_EH_FRAME;
+  phdr.p_paddr = addr;
+  phdr.p_offset = offset;
+  memory_.SetMemory(phdr_offset, &phdr, sizeof(phdr));
+
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(expected_bias, elf->eh_frame_hdr_section_bias());
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, eh_frame_zero_section_bias_32) {
+  ElfInterfaceTest::CheckGnuEhFrame<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, ElfInterface32>(0x4000, 0x4000, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, eh_frame_zero_section_bias_64) {
+  ElfInterfaceTest::CheckGnuEhFrame<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, ElfInterface64>(0x4000, 0x4000, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, eh_frame_positive_section_bias_32) {
+  ElfInterfaceTest::CheckGnuEhFrame<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, ElfInterface32>(0x4000, 0x1000, 0x3000);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, eh_frame_positive_section_bias_64) {
+  ElfInterfaceTest::CheckGnuEhFrame<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, ElfInterface64>(0x4000, 0x1000, 0x3000);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, eh_frame_negative_section_bias_32) {
+  ElfInterfaceTest::CheckGnuEhFrame<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, ElfInterface32>(0x4000, 0x5000,
+                                                                            -0x1000);
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, eh_frame_negative_section_bias_64) {
+  ElfInterfaceTest::CheckGnuEhFrame<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, ElfInterface64>(0x4000, 0x5000,
+                                                                            -0x1000);
+}
+
 TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, is_valid_pc_from_pt_load) {
   std::unique_ptr<ElfInterface> elf(new ElfInterface32(&memory_));
 
@@ -1028,9 +1363,9 @@
   phdr.p_align = 0x1000;
   memory_.SetMemory(0x100, &phdr, sizeof(phdr));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, load_bias);
   EXPECT_TRUE(elf->IsValidPc(0));
   EXPECT_TRUE(elf->IsValidPc(0x5000));
   EXPECT_TRUE(elf->IsValidPc(0xffff));
@@ -1054,9 +1389,9 @@
   phdr.p_align = 0x1000;
   memory_.SetMemory(0x100, &phdr, sizeof(phdr));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  EXPECT_EQ(0x2000U, load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x2000, load_bias);
   EXPECT_FALSE(elf->IsValidPc(0));
   EXPECT_FALSE(elf->IsValidPc(0x1000));
   EXPECT_FALSE(elf->IsValidPc(0x1fff));
@@ -1111,10 +1446,10 @@
   memory_.SetData32(0x708, 0x2100);
   memory_.SetData32(0x70c, 0x200);
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  elf->InitHeaders(0);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, load_bias);
+  elf->InitHeaders();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, load_bias);
   EXPECT_FALSE(elf->IsValidPc(0));
   EXPECT_FALSE(elf->IsValidPc(0x20ff));
   EXPECT_TRUE(elf->IsValidPc(0x2100));
@@ -1168,10 +1503,10 @@
   memory_.SetData32(0x708, 0x20f8);
   memory_.SetData32(0x70c, 0x200);
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
-  elf->InitHeaders(0);
-  EXPECT_EQ(0U, load_bias);
+  elf->InitHeaders();
+  EXPECT_EQ(0, load_bias);
   EXPECT_FALSE(elf->IsValidPc(0));
   EXPECT_FALSE(elf->IsValidPc(0x27ff));
   EXPECT_TRUE(elf->IsValidPc(0x2800));
@@ -1207,7 +1542,6 @@
   note_offset += sizeof("GNU");
   // This part of the note does not contain any trailing '\0'.
   memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "BUILDID", 7);
-  note_offset += 8;
 
   Shdr shdr = {};
   shdr.sh_type = SHT_NOTE;
@@ -1224,16 +1558,23 @@
   shdr.sh_offset = 0xf000;
   shdr.sh_size = 0x1000;
   memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
-  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
 
   memory_.SetMemory(0xf500, ".note.gnu.build-id", sizeof(".note.gnu.build-id"));
   memory_.SetMemory(0xb000, note_section, sizeof(note_section));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
   ASSERT_EQ("BUILDID", elf->GetBuildID());
 }
 
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_32) {
+  BuildID<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Nhdr, ElfInterface32>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_64) {
+  BuildID<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Nhdr, ElfInterface64>();
+}
+
 template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename Nhdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
 void ElfInterfaceTest::BuildIDTwoNotes() {
   std::unique_ptr<ElfInterfaceType> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
@@ -1272,7 +1613,6 @@
   note_offset += sizeof("GNU");
   // This part of the note does not contain any trailing '\0'.
   memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "BUILDID", 7);
-  note_offset += 8;
 
   Shdr shdr = {};
   shdr.sh_type = SHT_NOTE;
@@ -1289,16 +1629,23 @@
   shdr.sh_offset = 0xf000;
   shdr.sh_size = 0x1000;
   memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
-  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
 
   memory_.SetMemory(0xf500, ".note.gnu.build-id", sizeof(".note.gnu.build-id"));
   memory_.SetMemory(0xb000, note_section, sizeof(note_section));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
   ASSERT_EQ("BUILDID", elf->GetBuildID());
 }
 
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_two_notes_32) {
+  BuildIDTwoNotes<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Nhdr, ElfInterface32>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_two_notes_64) {
+  BuildIDTwoNotes<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Nhdr, ElfInterface64>();
+}
+
 template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename Nhdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
 void ElfInterfaceTest::BuildIDSectionTooSmallForName () {
   std::unique_ptr<ElfInterfaceType> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
@@ -1326,7 +1673,6 @@
   note_offset += sizeof("GNU");
   // This part of the note does not contain any trailing '\0'.
   memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "BUILDID", 7);
-  note_offset += 8;
 
   Shdr shdr = {};
   shdr.sh_type = SHT_NOTE;
@@ -1343,16 +1689,23 @@
   shdr.sh_offset = 0xf000;
   shdr.sh_size = 0x1000;
   memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
-  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
 
   memory_.SetMemory(0xf500, ".note.gnu.build-id", sizeof(".note.gnu.build-id"));
   memory_.SetMemory(0xb000, note_section, sizeof(note_section));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
   ASSERT_EQ("", elf->GetBuildID());
 }
 
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_name_32) {
+  BuildIDSectionTooSmallForName<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Nhdr, ElfInterface32>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_name_64) {
+  BuildIDSectionTooSmallForName<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Nhdr, ElfInterface64>();
+}
+
 template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename Nhdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
 void ElfInterfaceTest::BuildIDSectionTooSmallForDesc () {
   std::unique_ptr<ElfInterfaceType> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
@@ -1380,7 +1733,6 @@
   note_offset += sizeof("GNU");
   // This part of the note does not contain any trailing '\0'.
   memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "BUILDID", 7);
-  note_offset += 8;
 
   Shdr shdr = {};
   shdr.sh_type = SHT_NOTE;
@@ -1397,16 +1749,23 @@
   shdr.sh_offset = 0xf000;
   shdr.sh_size = 0x1000;
   memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
-  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
 
   memory_.SetMemory(0xf500, ".note.gnu.build-id", sizeof(".note.gnu.build-id"));
   memory_.SetMemory(0xb000, note_section, sizeof(note_section));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
   ASSERT_EQ("", elf->GetBuildID());
 }
 
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_desc_32) {
+  BuildIDSectionTooSmallForDesc<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Nhdr, ElfInterface32>();
+}
+
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_desc_64) {
+  BuildIDSectionTooSmallForDesc<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Nhdr, ElfInterface64>();
+}
+
 template <typename Ehdr, typename Shdr, typename Nhdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
 void ElfInterfaceTest::BuildIDSectionTooSmallForHeader () {
   std::unique_ptr<ElfInterfaceType> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
@@ -1434,7 +1793,6 @@
   note_offset += sizeof("GNU");
   // This part of the note does not contain any trailing '\0'.
   memcpy(&note_section[note_offset], "BUILDID", 7);
-  note_offset += 8;
 
   Shdr shdr = {};
   shdr.sh_type = SHT_NOTE;
@@ -1451,58 +1809,25 @@
   shdr.sh_offset = 0xf000;
   shdr.sh_size = 0x1000;
   memory_.SetMemory(offset, &shdr, sizeof(shdr));
-  offset += ehdr.e_shentsize;
 
   memory_.SetMemory(0xf500, ".note.gnu.build-id", sizeof(".note.gnu.build-id"));
   memory_.SetMemory(0xb000, note_section, sizeof(note_section));
 
-  uint64_t load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&load_bias));
   ASSERT_EQ("", elf->GetBuildID());
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id32) {
-  BuildID<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Nhdr, ElfInterface32>();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id64) {
-  BuildID<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Nhdr, ElfInterface64>();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_two_notes32) {
-  BuildIDTwoNotes<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Nhdr, ElfInterface32>();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_two_notes64) {
-  BuildIDTwoNotes<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Nhdr, ElfInterface64>();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_name32) {
-  BuildIDSectionTooSmallForName<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Nhdr, ElfInterface32>();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_name64) {
-  BuildIDSectionTooSmallForName<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Nhdr, ElfInterface64>();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_desc32) {
-  BuildIDSectionTooSmallForDesc<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Nhdr, ElfInterface32>();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_desc64) {
-  BuildIDSectionTooSmallForDesc<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Nhdr, ElfInterface64>();
-}
-
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_header32) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_header_32) {
   BuildIDSectionTooSmallForHeader<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Shdr, Elf32_Nhdr, ElfInterface32>();
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_header64) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, build_id_section_too_small_for_header_64) {
   BuildIDSectionTooSmallForHeader<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Shdr, Elf64_Nhdr, ElfInterface64>();
 }
 
 template <typename Ehdr, typename Phdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
-void ElfInterfaceTest::CheckLoadBiasInFirstPhdr(uint64_t load_bias) {
+void ElfInterfaceTest::CheckLoadBiasInFirstPhdr(int64_t load_bias) {
   Ehdr ehdr = {};
   ehdr.e_phoff = 0x100;
   ehdr.e_phnum = 2;
@@ -1526,11 +1851,11 @@
   phdr.p_align = 0x1000;
   memory_.SetMemory(0x100 + sizeof(phdr), &phdr, sizeof(phdr));
 
-  uint64_t static_load_bias = ElfInterface::GetLoadBias<Ehdr, Phdr>(&memory_);
+  int64_t static_load_bias = ElfInterface::GetLoadBias<Ehdr, Phdr>(&memory_);
   ASSERT_EQ(load_bias, static_load_bias);
 
   std::unique_ptr<ElfInterfaceType> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
-  uint64_t init_load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t init_load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&init_load_bias));
   ASSERT_EQ(init_load_bias, static_load_bias);
 }
@@ -1553,7 +1878,7 @@
 
 template <typename Ehdr, typename Phdr, typename ElfInterfaceType>
 void ElfInterfaceTest::CheckLoadBiasInFirstExecPhdr(uint64_t offset, uint64_t vaddr,
-                                                    uint64_t load_bias) {
+                                                    int64_t load_bias) {
   Ehdr ehdr = {};
   ehdr.e_phoff = 0x100;
   ehdr.e_phnum = 3;
@@ -1586,11 +1911,11 @@
   phdr.p_align = 0x1000;
   memory_.SetMemory(0x200 + sizeof(phdr), &phdr, sizeof(phdr));
 
-  uint64_t static_load_bias = ElfInterface::GetLoadBias<Ehdr, Phdr>(&memory_);
+  int64_t static_load_bias = ElfInterface::GetLoadBias<Ehdr, Phdr>(&memory_);
   ASSERT_EQ(load_bias, static_load_bias);
 
   std::unique_ptr<ElfInterfaceType> elf(new ElfInterfaceType(&memory_));
-  uint64_t init_load_bias = 0;
+  int64_t init_load_bias = 0;
   ASSERT_TRUE(elf->Init(&init_load_bias));
   ASSERT_EQ(init_load_bias, static_load_bias);
 }
@@ -1603,20 +1928,20 @@
   CheckLoadBiasInFirstExecPhdr<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, ElfInterface64>(0x1000, 0x1000, 0);
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, get_load_bias_exec_non_zero_32) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, get_load_bias_exec_positive_32) {
   CheckLoadBiasInFirstExecPhdr<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, ElfInterface32>(0x1000, 0x4000, 0x3000);
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, get_load_bias_exec_non_zero_64) {
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, get_load_bias_exec_positive_64) {
   CheckLoadBiasInFirstExecPhdr<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, ElfInterface64>(0x1000, 0x4000, 0x3000);
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, get_load_bias_exec_zero_from_error_32) {
-  CheckLoadBiasInFirstExecPhdr<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, ElfInterface32>(0x5000, 0x1000, 0);
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, get_load_bias_exec_negative_32) {
+  CheckLoadBiasInFirstExecPhdr<Elf32_Ehdr, Elf32_Phdr, ElfInterface32>(0x5000, 0x1000, -0x4000);
 }
 
-TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, get_load_bias_exec_zero_from_error_64) {
-  CheckLoadBiasInFirstExecPhdr<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, ElfInterface64>(0x5000, 0x1000, 0);
+TEST_F(ElfInterfaceTest, get_load_bias_exec_negative_64) {
+  CheckLoadBiasInFirstExecPhdr<Elf64_Ehdr, Elf64_Phdr, ElfInterface64>(0x5000, 0x1000, -0x4000);
 }
 
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp
index c432d6d..e6728a0 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/ElfTest.cpp
@@ -310,15 +310,15 @@
   ElfInterfaceMock(Memory* memory) : ElfInterface(memory) {}
   virtual ~ElfInterfaceMock() = default;
 
-  bool Init(uint64_t*) override { return false; }
-  void InitHeaders(uint64_t) override {}
+  bool Init(int64_t*) override { return false; }
+  void InitHeaders() override {}
   std::string GetSoname() override { return ""; }
   bool GetFunctionName(uint64_t, std::string*, uint64_t*) override { return false; }
   std::string GetBuildID() override { return ""; }
 
-  MOCK_METHOD4(Step, bool(uint64_t, Regs*, Memory*, bool*));
-  MOCK_METHOD2(GetGlobalVariable, bool(const std::string&, uint64_t*));
-  MOCK_METHOD1(IsValidPc, bool(uint64_t));
+  MOCK_METHOD(bool, Step, (uint64_t, Regs*, Memory*, bool*), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(bool, GetGlobalVariable, (const std::string&, uint64_t*), (override));
+  MOCK_METHOD(bool, IsValidPc, (uint64_t), (override));
 
   void MockSetDynamicOffset(uint64_t offset) { dynamic_offset_ = offset; }
   void MockSetDynamicVaddr(uint64_t vaddr) { dynamic_vaddr_ = vaddr; }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetLoadBiasTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetLoadBiasTest.cpp
index 2c98928..da3dbf2 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetLoadBiasTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoGetLoadBiasTest.cpp
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
   elf_->FakeSetLoadBias(0);
   EXPECT_EQ(0U, map_info_->GetLoadBias(process_memory_));
 
-  map_info_->load_bias = static_cast<uint64_t>(-1);
+  map_info_->load_bias = INT64_MAX;
   elf_->FakeSetLoadBias(0x1000);
   EXPECT_EQ(0x1000U, map_info_->GetLoadBias(process_memory_));
 }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoTest.cpp
index e2cbb98..ef76b1b 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/MapInfoTest.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(3UL, map_info.offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(4UL, map_info.flags);
   EXPECT_EQ("map", map_info.name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint64_t>(-1), map_info.load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(INT64_MAX, map_info.load_bias);
   EXPECT_EQ(0UL, map_info.elf_offset);
   EXPECT_TRUE(map_info.elf.get() == nullptr);
 }
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(3UL, map_info.offset);
   EXPECT_EQ(4UL, map_info.flags);
   EXPECT_EQ("string_map", map_info.name);
-  EXPECT_EQ(static_cast<uint64_t>(-1), map_info.load_bias);
+  EXPECT_EQ(INT64_MAX, map_info.load_bias);
   EXPECT_EQ(0UL, map_info.elf_offset);
   EXPECT_TRUE(map_info.elf.get() == nullptr);
 }
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindOfflineTest.cpp b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindOfflineTest.cpp
index bded57a..72eef3e 100644
--- a/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindOfflineTest.cpp
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/UnwindOfflineTest.cpp
@@ -1534,4 +1534,53 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(0x7ffd22415e90ULL, unwinder.frames()[16].sp);
 }
 
+TEST_F(UnwindOfflineTest, load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64) {
+  ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(Init("load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/", ARCH_ARM64));
+
+  Unwinder unwinder(128, maps_.get(), regs_.get(), process_memory_);
+  unwinder.Unwind();
+
+  std::string frame_info(DumpFrames(unwinder));
+  ASSERT_EQ(12U, unwinder.NumFrames()) << "Unwind:\n" << frame_info;
+  EXPECT_EQ(
+      "  #00 pc 00000000000d59bc  linker64 (__dl_syscall+28)\n"
+      "  #01 pc 00000000000554e8  linker64 (__dl__ZL24debuggerd_signal_handleriP7siginfoPv+1148)\n"
+      "  #02 pc 00000000000008c0  vdso (__kernel_rt_sigreturn)\n"
+      "  #03 pc 000000000007f3e8  libc.so (abort+168)\n"
+      "  #04 pc 00000000000459fc  test (std::__ndk1::__throw_bad_cast()+4)\n"
+      "  #05 pc 0000000000056d80  test (testing::Test::Run()+88)\n"
+      "  #06 pc 000000000005724c  test (testing::TestInfo::Run()+112)\n"
+      "  #07 pc 0000000000057558  test (testing::TestSuite::Run()+116)\n"
+      "  #08 pc 000000000005bffc  test (testing::internal::UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests()+464)\n"
+      "  #09 pc 000000000005bd9c  test (testing::UnitTest::Run()+116)\n"
+      "  #10 pc 00000000000464e4  test (main+144)\n"
+      "  #11 pc 000000000007aa34  libc.so (__libc_init+108)\n",
+      frame_info);
+
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7112cb99bcULL, unwinder.frames()[0].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7112bdbbf0ULL, unwinder.frames()[0].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7112c394e8ULL, unwinder.frames()[1].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7112bdbbf0ULL, unwinder.frames()[1].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7112be28c0ULL, unwinder.frames()[2].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7112bdbda0ULL, unwinder.frames()[2].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x71115ab3e8ULL, unwinder.frames()[3].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7fdd4a3f00ULL, unwinder.frames()[3].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x5f739dc9fcULL, unwinder.frames()[4].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7fdd4a3fe0ULL, unwinder.frames()[4].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x5f739edd80ULL, unwinder.frames()[5].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7fdd4a3ff0ULL, unwinder.frames()[5].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x5f739ee24cULL, unwinder.frames()[6].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7fdd4a4010ULL, unwinder.frames()[6].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x5f739ee558ULL, unwinder.frames()[7].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7fdd4a4040ULL, unwinder.frames()[7].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x5f739f2ffcULL, unwinder.frames()[8].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7fdd4a4070ULL, unwinder.frames()[8].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x5f739f2d9cULL, unwinder.frames()[9].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7fdd4a4100ULL, unwinder.frames()[9].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x5f739dd4e4ULL, unwinder.frames()[10].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7fdd4a4130ULL, unwinder.frames()[10].sp);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x71115a6a34ULL, unwinder.frames()[11].pc);
+  EXPECT_EQ(0x7fdd4a4170ULL, unwinder.frames()[11].sp);
+}
+
 }  // namespace unwindstack
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/libc.so b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/libc.so
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bb7156
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/libc.so
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/linker64 b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/linker64
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00a3896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/linker64
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/maps.txt b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/maps.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2babee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/maps.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+5f73997000-5f739dc000 r--p 0 00:00 0   test
+5f739dc000-5f73a43000 r-xp 44000 00:00 0   test
+711152c000-711156e000 r--p 0 00:00 0   libc.so
+711156e000-7111611000 --xp 42000 00:00 0   libc.so
+7112be2000-7112be4000 r-xp 0 00:00 0   vdso
+7112be4000-7112c1c000 r--p 0 00:00 0   linker64
+7112c1c000-7112ce1000 r-xp 38000 00:00 0   linker64
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/regs.txt b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/regs.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c601e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/regs.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+x0: 7112bdbc24
+x1: 0
+x2: ffffffff
+x3: 0
+x4: 0
+x5: 0
+x6: 0
+x7: 7f7f7f7f7f7f7f7f
+x8: 62
+x9: a78826643b37f4a1
+x10: 7112bdbc20
+x11: 4100
+x12: 7112bdbb70
+x13: 18
+x14: 1d6518077
+x15: 2a43148faf732a
+x16: 16fc0
+x17: 71115f61a0
+x18: 7111d6a000
+x19: 7112cef1b0
+x20: 7112bdbda0
+x21: 59616d61
+x22: 1
+x23: 7112bdbc24
+x24: 4b0e
+x25: 62
+x26: 2
+x27: 0
+x28: 7111934020
+x29: 7112bdbd90
+sp: 7112bdbbf0
+lr: 7112c394ec
+pc: 7112cb99bc
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/stack0.data b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/stack0.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1674733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/stack0.data
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/stack1.data b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/stack1.data
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d7b48a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/stack1.data
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/test b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/test
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a75b8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/test
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/vdso b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/vdso
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4940916
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libunwindstack/tests/files/offline/load_bias_different_section_bias_arm64/vdso
Binary files differ
diff --git a/libutils/include/utils/Flattenable.h b/libutils/include/utils/Flattenable.h
index 9d00602..953b859 100644
--- a/libutils/include/utils/Flattenable.h
+++ b/libutils/include/utils/Flattenable.h
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@
 #ifndef ANDROID_UTILS_FLATTENABLE_H
 #define ANDROID_UTILS_FLATTENABLE_H
 
+// DO NOT USE: please use parcelable instead
+// This code is deprecated and will not be supported via AIDL code gen. For data
+// to be sent over binder, please use parcelables.
 
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -28,7 +31,9 @@
 
 namespace android {
 
-
+// DO NOT USE: please use parcelable instead
+// This code is deprecated and will not be supported via AIDL code gen. For data
+// to be sent over binder, please use parcelables.
 class FlattenableUtils {
 public:
     template<size_t N>
@@ -79,7 +84,9 @@
     }
 };
 
-
+// DO NOT USE: please use parcelable instead
+// This code is deprecated and will not be supported via AIDL code gen. For data
+// to be sent over binder, please use parcelables.
 /*
  * The Flattenable protocol allows an object to serialize itself out
  * to a byte-buffer and an array of file descriptors.
@@ -131,6 +138,9 @@
     return static_cast<T*>(this)->T::unflatten(buffer, size, fds, count);
 }
 
+// DO NOT USE: please use parcelable instead
+// This code is deprecated and will not be supported via AIDL code gen. For data
+// to be sent over binder, please use parcelables.
 /*
  * LightFlattenable is a protocol allowing object to serialize themselves out
  * to a byte-buffer. Because it doesn't handle file-descriptors,
@@ -171,6 +181,9 @@
     return static_cast<T*>(this)->T::unflatten(buffer, size);
 }
 
+// DO NOT USE: please use parcelable instead
+// This code is deprecated and will not be supported via AIDL code gen. For data
+// to be sent over binder, please use parcelables.
 /*
  * LightFlattenablePod is an implementation of the LightFlattenable protocol
  * for POD (plain-old-data) objects.
diff --git a/lmkd/lmkd.c b/lmkd/lmkd.c
index 18cd9f5..9de7ff7 100644
--- a/lmkd/lmkd.c
+++ b/lmkd/lmkd.c
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #include <sys/mman.h>
 #include <sys/resource.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
 #include <sys/sysinfo.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
@@ -139,6 +140,15 @@
 /* ro.lmk.psi_complete_stall_ms property defaults */
 #define DEF_COMPLETE_STALL 700
 
+static inline int sys_pidfd_open(pid_t pid, unsigned int flags) {
+    return syscall(__NR_pidfd_open, pid, flags);
+}
+
+static inline int sys_pidfd_send_signal(int pidfd, int sig, siginfo_t *info,
+                                        unsigned int flags) {
+    return syscall(__NR_pidfd_send_signal, pidfd, sig, info, flags);
+}
+
 /* default to old in-kernel interface if no memory pressure events */
 static bool use_inkernel_interface = true;
 static bool has_inkernel_module;
@@ -169,6 +179,11 @@
 
 static int level_oomadj[VMPRESS_LEVEL_COUNT];
 static int mpevfd[VMPRESS_LEVEL_COUNT] = { -1, -1, -1 };
+static bool pidfd_supported;
+static int last_kill_pid_or_fd = -1;
+static struct timespec last_kill_tm;
+
+/* lmkd configurable parameters */
 static bool debug_process_killing;
 static bool enable_pressure_upgrade;
 static int64_t upgrade_pressure;
@@ -197,6 +212,8 @@
     POLLING_DO_NOT_CHANGE,
     POLLING_START,
     POLLING_STOP,
+    POLLING_PAUSE,
+    POLLING_RESUME,
 };
 
 /*
@@ -207,6 +224,7 @@
  */
 struct polling_params {
     struct event_handler_info* poll_handler;
+    struct event_handler_info* paused_handler;
     struct timespec poll_start_tm;
     struct timespec last_poll_tm;
     int polling_interval_ms;
@@ -235,8 +253,11 @@
 /* vmpressure event handler data */
 static struct event_handler_info vmpressure_hinfo[VMPRESS_LEVEL_COUNT];
 
-/* 3 memory pressure levels, 1 ctrl listen socket, 2 ctrl data socket, 1 lmk events */
-#define MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS (2 + MAX_DATA_CONN + VMPRESS_LEVEL_COUNT)
+/*
+ * 1 ctrl listen socket, 2 ctrl data socket, 3 memory pressure levels,
+ * 1 lmk events + 1 fd to wait for process death
+ */
+#define MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS (1 + MAX_DATA_CONN + VMPRESS_LEVEL_COUNT + 1 + 1)
 static int epollfd;
 static int maxevents;
 
@@ -466,6 +487,7 @@
 struct proc {
     struct adjslot_list asl;
     int pid;
+    int pidfd;
     uid_t uid;
     int oomadj;
     struct proc *pidhash_next;
@@ -682,6 +704,13 @@
         prevp->pidhash_next = procp->pidhash_next;
 
     proc_unslot(procp);
+    /*
+     * Close pidfd here if we are not waiting for corresponding process to die,
+     * in which case stop_wait_for_proc_kill() will close the pidfd later
+     */
+    if (procp->pidfd >= 0 && procp->pidfd != last_kill_pid_or_fd) {
+        close(procp->pidfd);
+    }
     free(procp);
     return 0;
 }
@@ -906,16 +935,27 @@
 
     procp = pid_lookup(params.pid);
     if (!procp) {
-            procp = malloc(sizeof(struct proc));
-            if (!procp) {
-                // Oh, the irony.  May need to rebuild our state.
+        int pidfd = -1;
+
+        if (pidfd_supported) {
+            pidfd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(sys_pidfd_open(params.pid, 0));
+            if (pidfd < 0) {
+                ALOGE("pidfd_open for pid %d failed; errno=%d", params.pid, errno);
                 return;
             }
+        }
 
-            procp->pid = params.pid;
-            procp->uid = params.uid;
-            procp->oomadj = params.oomadj;
-            proc_insert(procp);
+        procp = calloc(1, sizeof(struct proc));
+        if (!procp) {
+            // Oh, the irony.  May need to rebuild our state.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        procp->pid = params.pid;
+        procp->pidfd = pidfd;
+        procp->uid = params.uid;
+        procp->oomadj = params.oomadj;
+        proc_insert(procp);
     } else {
         proc_unslot(procp);
         procp->oomadj = params.oomadj;
@@ -1647,12 +1687,109 @@
     closedir(d);
 }
 
-static int last_killed_pid = -1;
+static bool is_kill_pending(void) {
+    char buf[24];
+
+    if (last_kill_pid_or_fd < 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (pidfd_supported) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /* when pidfd is not supported base the decision on /proc/<pid> existence */
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/%d/", last_kill_pid_or_fd);
+    if (access(buf, F_OK) == 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool is_waiting_for_kill(void) {
+    return pidfd_supported && last_kill_pid_or_fd >= 0;
+}
+
+static void stop_wait_for_proc_kill(bool finished) {
+    struct epoll_event epev;
+
+    if (last_kill_pid_or_fd < 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (debug_process_killing) {
+        struct timespec curr_tm;
+
+        if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE, &curr_tm) != 0) {
+            /*
+             * curr_tm is used here merely to report kill duration, so this failure is not fatal.
+             * Log an error and continue.
+             */
+            ALOGE("Failed to get current time");
+        }
+
+        if (finished) {
+            ALOGI("Process got killed in %ldms",
+                get_time_diff_ms(&last_kill_tm, &curr_tm));
+        } else {
+            ALOGI("Stop waiting for process kill after %ldms",
+                get_time_diff_ms(&last_kill_tm, &curr_tm));
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (pidfd_supported) {
+        /* unregister fd */
+        if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, last_kill_pid_or_fd, &epev) != 0) {
+            ALOGE("epoll_ctl for last killed process failed; errno=%d", errno);
+            return;
+        }
+        maxevents--;
+        close(last_kill_pid_or_fd);
+    }
+
+    last_kill_pid_or_fd = -1;
+}
+
+static void kill_done_handler(int data __unused, uint32_t events __unused,
+                              struct polling_params *poll_params) {
+    stop_wait_for_proc_kill(true);
+    poll_params->update = POLLING_RESUME;
+}
+
+static void start_wait_for_proc_kill(int pid_or_fd) {
+    static struct event_handler_info kill_done_hinfo = { 0, kill_done_handler };
+    struct epoll_event epev;
+
+    if (last_kill_pid_or_fd >= 0) {
+        /* Should not happen but if it does we should stop previous wait */
+        ALOGE("Attempt to wait for a kill while another wait is in progress");
+        stop_wait_for_proc_kill(false);
+    }
+
+    last_kill_pid_or_fd = pid_or_fd;
+
+    if (!pidfd_supported) {
+        /* If pidfd is not supported just store PID and exit */
+        return;
+    }
+
+    epev.events = EPOLLIN;
+    epev.data.ptr = (void *)&kill_done_hinfo;
+    if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, last_kill_pid_or_fd, &epev) != 0) {
+        ALOGE("epoll_ctl for last kill failed; errno=%d", errno);
+        close(last_kill_pid_or_fd);
+        last_kill_pid_or_fd = -1;
+        return;
+    }
+    maxevents++;
+}
 
 /* Kill one process specified by procp.  Returns the size of the process killed */
 static int kill_one_process(struct proc* procp, int min_oom_score, int kill_reason,
-                            const char *kill_desc, union meminfo *mi) {
+                            const char *kill_desc, union meminfo *mi, struct timespec *tm) {
     int pid = procp->pid;
+    int pidfd = procp->pidfd;
     uid_t uid = procp->uid;
     int tgid;
     char *taskname;
@@ -1683,11 +1820,18 @@
     TRACE_KILL_START(pid);
 
     /* CAP_KILL required */
-    r = kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+    if (pidfd < 0) {
+        start_wait_for_proc_kill(pid);
+        r = kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+    } else {
+        start_wait_for_proc_kill(pidfd);
+        r = sys_pidfd_send_signal(pidfd, SIGKILL, NULL, 0);
+    }
 
     TRACE_KILL_END();
 
     if (r) {
+        stop_wait_for_proc_kill(false);
         ALOGE("kill(%d): errno=%d", pid, errno);
         /* Delete process record even when we fail to kill so that we don't get stuck on it */
         goto out;
@@ -1695,6 +1839,8 @@
 
     set_process_group_and_prio(pid, SP_FOREGROUND, ANDROID_PRIORITY_HIGHEST);
 
+    last_kill_tm = *tm;
+
     inc_killcnt(procp->oomadj);
 
     killinfo_log(procp, min_oom_score, tasksize, kill_reason, mi);
@@ -1707,8 +1853,6 @@
               uid, procp->oomadj, tasksize * page_k);
     }
 
-    last_killed_pid = pid;
-
     stats_write_lmk_kill_occurred(LMK_KILL_OCCURRED, uid, taskname,
             procp->oomadj, min_oom_score, tasksize, mem_st);
 
@@ -1728,7 +1872,7 @@
  * Returns size of the killed process.
  */
 static int find_and_kill_process(int min_score_adj, int kill_reason, const char *kill_desc,
-                                 union meminfo *mi) {
+                                 union meminfo *mi, struct timespec *tm) {
     int i;
     int killed_size = 0;
     bool lmk_state_change_start = false;
@@ -1743,7 +1887,7 @@
             if (!procp)
                 break;
 
-            killed_size = kill_one_process(procp, min_score_adj, kill_reason, kill_desc, mi);
+            killed_size = kill_one_process(procp, min_score_adj, kill_reason, kill_desc, mi, tm);
             if (killed_size >= 0) {
                 if (!lmk_state_change_start) {
                     lmk_state_change_start = true;
@@ -1822,23 +1966,6 @@
         level - 1 : level);
 }
 
-static bool is_kill_pending(void) {
-    char buf[24];
-
-    if (last_killed_pid < 0) {
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/%d/", last_killed_pid);
-    if (access(buf, F_OK) == 0) {
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    // reset last killed PID because there's nothing pending
-    last_killed_pid = -1;
-    return false;
-}
-
 enum zone_watermark {
     WMARK_MIN = 0,
     WMARK_LOW,
@@ -1934,9 +2061,13 @@
 
     /* Skip while still killing a process */
     if (is_kill_pending()) {
-        /* TODO: replace this quick polling with pidfd polling if kernel supports */
         goto no_kill;
     }
+    /*
+     * Process is dead, stop waiting. This has no effect if pidfds are supported and
+     * death notification already caused waiting to stop.
+     */
+    stop_wait_for_proc_kill(true);
 
     if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE, &curr_tm) != 0) {
         ALOGE("Failed to get current time");
@@ -2067,7 +2198,8 @@
 
     /* Kill a process if necessary */
     if (kill_reason != NONE) {
-        int pages_freed = find_and_kill_process(min_score_adj, kill_reason, kill_desc, &mi);
+        int pages_freed = find_and_kill_process(min_score_adj, kill_reason, kill_desc, &mi,
+                                                &curr_tm);
         if (pages_freed > 0) {
             killing = true;
             if (cut_thrashing_limit) {
@@ -2081,6 +2213,13 @@
     }
 
 no_kill:
+    /* Do not poll if kernel supports pidfd waiting */
+    if (is_waiting_for_kill()) {
+        /* Pause polling if we are waiting for process death notification */
+        poll_params->update = POLLING_PAUSE;
+        return;
+    }
+
     /*
      * Start polling after initial PSI event;
      * extend polling while device is in direct reclaim or process is being killed;
@@ -2110,7 +2249,6 @@
     union meminfo mi;
     struct zoneinfo zi;
     struct timespec curr_tm;
-    static struct timespec last_kill_tm;
     static unsigned long kill_skip_count = 0;
     enum vmpressure_level level = (enum vmpressure_level)data;
     long other_free = 0, other_file = 0;
@@ -2159,15 +2297,26 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    if (kill_timeout_ms) {
-        // If we're within the timeout, see if there's pending reclaim work
-        // from the last killed process. If there is (as evidenced by
-        // /proc/<pid> continuing to exist), skip killing for now.
-        if ((get_time_diff_ms(&last_kill_tm, &curr_tm) < kill_timeout_ms) &&
-            (low_ram_device || is_kill_pending())) {
+    if (kill_timeout_ms && get_time_diff_ms(&last_kill_tm, &curr_tm) < kill_timeout_ms) {
+        /*
+         * If we're within the no-kill timeout, see if there's pending reclaim work
+         * from the last killed process. If so, skip killing for now.
+         */
+        if (is_kill_pending()) {
             kill_skip_count++;
             return;
         }
+        /*
+         * Process is dead, stop waiting. This has no effect if pidfds are supported and
+         * death notification already caused waiting to stop.
+         */
+        stop_wait_for_proc_kill(true);
+    } else {
+        /*
+         * Killing took longer than no-kill timeout. Stop waiting for the last process
+         * to die because we are ready to kill again.
+         */
+        stop_wait_for_proc_kill(false);
     }
 
     if (kill_skip_count > 0) {
@@ -2266,7 +2415,7 @@
 do_kill:
     if (low_ram_device) {
         /* For Go devices kill only one task */
-        if (find_and_kill_process(level_oomadj[level], -1, NULL, &mi) == 0) {
+        if (find_and_kill_process(level_oomadj[level], -1, NULL, &mi, &curr_tm) == 0) {
             if (debug_process_killing) {
                 ALOGI("Nothing to kill");
             }
@@ -2289,7 +2438,7 @@
             min_score_adj = level_oomadj[level];
         }
 
-        pages_freed = find_and_kill_process(min_score_adj, -1, NULL, &mi);
+        pages_freed = find_and_kill_process(min_score_adj, -1, NULL, &mi, &curr_tm);
 
         if (pages_freed == 0) {
             /* Rate limit kill reports when nothing was reclaimed */
@@ -2297,9 +2446,6 @@
                 report_skip_count++;
                 return;
             }
-        } else {
-            /* If we killed anything, update the last killed timestamp. */
-            last_kill_tm = curr_tm;
         }
 
         /* Log whenever we kill or when report rate limit allows */
@@ -2322,6 +2468,10 @@
 
         last_report_tm = curr_tm;
     }
+    if (is_waiting_for_kill()) {
+        /* pause polling if we are waiting for process death notification */
+        poll_params->update = POLLING_PAUSE;
+    }
 }
 
 static bool init_mp_psi(enum vmpressure_level level, bool use_new_strategy) {
@@ -2473,6 +2623,7 @@
         .fd = -1,
     };
     struct epoll_event epev;
+    int pidfd;
     int i;
     int ret;
 
@@ -2563,9 +2714,59 @@
         ALOGE("Failed to read %s: %s", file_data.filename, strerror(errno));
     }
 
+    /* check if kernel supports pidfd_open syscall */
+    pidfd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(sys_pidfd_open(getpid(), 0));
+    if (pidfd < 0) {
+        pidfd_supported = (errno != ENOSYS);
+    } else {
+        pidfd_supported = true;
+        close(pidfd);
+    }
+    ALOGI("Process polling is %s", pidfd_supported ? "supported" : "not supported" );
+
     return 0;
 }
 
+static void call_handler(struct event_handler_info* handler_info,
+                         struct polling_params *poll_params, uint32_t events) {
+    struct timespec curr_tm;
+
+    handler_info->handler(handler_info->data, events, poll_params);
+    clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE, &curr_tm);
+    poll_params->last_poll_tm = curr_tm;
+
+    switch (poll_params->update) {
+    case POLLING_START:
+        /*
+         * Poll for the duration of PSI_WINDOW_SIZE_MS after the
+         * initial PSI event because psi events are rate-limited
+         * at one per sec.
+         */
+        poll_params->poll_start_tm = curr_tm;
+        poll_params->poll_handler = handler_info;
+        break;
+    case POLLING_STOP:
+        poll_params->poll_handler = NULL;
+        break;
+    case POLLING_PAUSE:
+        poll_params->paused_handler = handler_info;
+        poll_params->poll_handler = NULL;
+        break;
+    case POLLING_RESUME:
+        poll_params->poll_start_tm = curr_tm;
+        poll_params->poll_handler = poll_params->paused_handler;
+        break;
+    case POLLING_DO_NOT_CHANGE:
+        if (get_time_diff_ms(&poll_params->poll_start_tm, &curr_tm) > PSI_WINDOW_SIZE_MS) {
+            /* Polled for the duration of PSI window, time to stop */
+            poll_params->poll_handler = NULL;
+        }
+        /* WARNING: skipping the rest of the function */
+        return;
+    }
+    poll_params->update = POLLING_DO_NOT_CHANGE;
+}
+
 static void mainloop(void) {
     struct event_handler_info* handler_info;
     struct polling_params poll_params;
@@ -2582,41 +2783,33 @@
         int i;
 
         if (poll_params.poll_handler) {
-            /* Calculate next timeout */
-            clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE, &curr_tm);
-            delay = get_time_diff_ms(&poll_params.last_poll_tm, &curr_tm);
-            delay = (delay < poll_params.polling_interval_ms) ?
-                poll_params.polling_interval_ms - delay : poll_params.polling_interval_ms;
-
-            /* Wait for events until the next polling timeout */
-            nevents = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, maxevents, delay);
+            bool poll_now;
 
             clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE, &curr_tm);
-            if (get_time_diff_ms(&poll_params.last_poll_tm, &curr_tm) >=
-                poll_params.polling_interval_ms) {
-                /* Set input params for the call */
-                poll_params.poll_handler->handler(poll_params.poll_handler->data, 0, &poll_params);
-                poll_params.last_poll_tm = curr_tm;
+            if (poll_params.poll_handler == poll_params.paused_handler) {
+                /*
+                 * Just transitioned into POLLING_RESUME. Reset paused_handler
+                 * and poll immediately
+                 */
+                poll_params.paused_handler = NULL;
+                poll_now = true;
+                nevents = 0;
+            } else {
+                /* Calculate next timeout */
+                delay = get_time_diff_ms(&poll_params.last_poll_tm, &curr_tm);
+                delay = (delay < poll_params.polling_interval_ms) ?
+                    poll_params.polling_interval_ms - delay : poll_params.polling_interval_ms;
 
-                if (poll_params.update != POLLING_DO_NOT_CHANGE) {
-                    switch (poll_params.update) {
-                    case POLLING_START:
-                        poll_params.poll_start_tm = curr_tm;
-                        break;
-                    case POLLING_STOP:
-                        poll_params.poll_handler = NULL;
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    poll_params.update = POLLING_DO_NOT_CHANGE;
-                } else {
-                    if (get_time_diff_ms(&poll_params.poll_start_tm, &curr_tm) >
-                        PSI_WINDOW_SIZE_MS) {
-                        /* Polled for the duration of PSI window, time to stop */
-                        poll_params.poll_handler = NULL;
-                    }
-                }
+                /* Wait for events until the next polling timeout */
+                nevents = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, maxevents, delay);
+
+                /* Update current time after wait */
+                clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE, &curr_tm);
+                poll_now = (get_time_diff_ms(&poll_params.last_poll_tm, &curr_tm) >=
+                    poll_params.polling_interval_ms);
+            }
+            if (poll_now) {
+                call_handler(poll_params.poll_handler, &poll_params, 0);
             }
         } else {
             /* Wait for events with no timeout */
@@ -2656,29 +2849,7 @@
             }
             if (evt->data.ptr) {
                 handler_info = (struct event_handler_info*)evt->data.ptr;
-                /* Set input params for the call */
-                handler_info->handler(handler_info->data, evt->events, &poll_params);
-
-                if (poll_params.update != POLLING_DO_NOT_CHANGE) {
-                    switch (poll_params.update) {
-                    case POLLING_START:
-                        /*
-                         * Poll for the duration of PSI_WINDOW_SIZE_MS after the
-                         * initial PSI event because psi events are rate-limited
-                         * at one per sec.
-                         */
-                        clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE, &curr_tm);
-                        poll_params.poll_start_tm = poll_params.last_poll_tm = curr_tm;
-                        poll_params.poll_handler = handler_info;
-                        break;
-                    case POLLING_STOP:
-                        poll_params.poll_handler = NULL;
-                        break;
-                    default:
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    poll_params.update = POLLING_DO_NOT_CHANGE;
-                }
+                call_handler(handler_info, &poll_params, evt->events);
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/logd/LogBuffer.cpp b/logd/LogBuffer.cpp
index 9cbc7c4..ba05a06 100644
--- a/logd/LogBuffer.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogBuffer.cpp
@@ -1185,7 +1185,7 @@
         unlock();
 
         // range locking in LastLogTimes looks after us
-        curr = element->flushTo(reader, this, privileged, sameTid);
+        curr = element->flushTo(reader, this, sameTid);
 
         if (curr == element->FLUSH_ERROR) {
             return curr;
diff --git a/logd/LogBufferElement.cpp b/logd/LogBufferElement.cpp
index 82c4fb9..5c43e18 100644
--- a/logd/LogBufferElement.cpp
+++ b/logd/LogBufferElement.cpp
@@ -244,14 +244,10 @@
     return retval;
 }
 
-log_time LogBufferElement::flushTo(SocketClient* reader, LogBuffer* parent,
-                                   bool privileged, bool lastSame) {
-    struct logger_entry_v4 entry;
+log_time LogBufferElement::flushTo(SocketClient* reader, LogBuffer* parent, bool lastSame) {
+    struct logger_entry_v4 entry = {};
 
-    memset(&entry, 0, sizeof(struct logger_entry_v4));
-
-    entry.hdr_size = privileged ? sizeof(struct logger_entry_v4)
-                                : sizeof(struct logger_entry_v3);
+    entry.hdr_size = sizeof(struct logger_entry_v4);
     entry.lid = mLogId;
     entry.pid = mPid;
     entry.tid = mTid;
diff --git a/logd/LogBufferElement.h b/logd/LogBufferElement.h
index da4991b..fd790e4 100644
--- a/logd/LogBufferElement.h
+++ b/logd/LogBufferElement.h
@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef _LOGD_LOG_BUFFER_ELEMENT_H__
-#define _LOGD_LOG_BUFFER_ELEMENT_H__
+#pragma once
 
 #include <stdatomic.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
@@ -96,8 +95,5 @@
     }
 
     static const log_time FLUSH_ERROR;
-    log_time flushTo(SocketClient* writer, LogBuffer* parent, bool privileged,
-                     bool lastSame);
+    log_time flushTo(SocketClient* writer, LogBuffer* parent, bool lastSame);
 };
-
-#endif
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt
index bb8d4d0..a99756a 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.legacy.txt
@@ -42,29 +42,29 @@
 # APEX related namespaces.
 ###############################################################################
 
-additional.namespaces = runtime,conscrypt,media,neuralnetworks,resolv
+additional.namespaces = art,conscrypt,media,neuralnetworks,resolv
 
 # Keep in sync with the "platform" namespace in art/build/apex/ld.config.txt.
 # If a shared library or an executable requests a shared library that
 # cannot be loaded into the default namespace, the dynamic linker tries
-# to load the shared library from the runtime namespace. And then, if the
-# shared library cannot be loaded from the runtime namespace either, the
+# to load the shared library from the art namespace. And then, if the
+# shared library cannot be loaded from the art namespace either, the
 # dynamic linker tries to load the shared library from the resolv namespace.
 # Finally, if all attempts fail, the dynamic linker returns an error.
-namespace.default.links = runtime,resolv,neuralnetworks
-namespace.default.asan.links = runtime,resolv,neuralnetworks
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs  = libandroidicu.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libdexfile_external.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libdexfiled_external.so
+namespace.default.links = art,resolv,neuralnetworks
+namespace.default.asan.links = art,resolv,neuralnetworks
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs  = libandroidicu.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libdexfile_external.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libdexfiled_external.so
 # TODO(b/120786417 or b/134659294): libicuuc.so and libicui18n.so are kept for app compat.
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libicui18n.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libicuuc.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativebridge.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativehelper.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativeloader.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libicui18n.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libicuuc.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libnativebridge.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libnativehelper.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libnativeloader.so
 
 # TODO(b/122876336): Remove libpac.so once it's migrated to Webview
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libpac.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libpac.so
 
 # When libnetd_resolv.so can't be found in the default namespace, search for it
 # in the resolv namespace. Don't allow any other libraries from the resolv namespace
@@ -75,25 +75,25 @@
 namespace.default.link.neuralnetworks.shared_libs = libneuralnetworks.so
 
 ###############################################################################
-# "runtime" APEX namespace
+# "art" APEX namespace
 #
-# This namespace exposes externally accessible libraries from the Runtime APEX.
-# Keep in sync with the "runtime" namespace in art/build/apex/ld.config.txt.
+# This namespace exposes externally accessible libraries from the ART APEX.
+# Keep in sync with the "art" namespace in art/build/apex/ld.config.txt.
 ###############################################################################
-# TODO(b/139408016): Rename this namespace to "art".
-namespace.runtime.isolated = true
+namespace.art.isolated = true
 # Visible to allow links to be created at runtime, e.g. through
 # android_link_namespaces in libnativeloader.
-namespace.runtime.visible = true
+namespace.art.visible = true
 
-namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.links = default
+namespace.art.search.paths = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.art.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.art.links = default,neuralnetworks
 # Need allow_all_shared_libs because libart.so can dlopen oat files in
 # /system/framework and /data.
 # TODO(b/130340935): Use a dynamically created linker namespace similar to
 # classloader-namespace for oat files, and tighten this up.
-namespace.runtime.link.default.allow_all_shared_libs = true
+namespace.art.link.default.allow_all_shared_libs = true
+namespace.art.link.neuralnetworks.shared_libs = libneuralnetworks.so
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "media" APEX namespace
@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@
 
 namespace.conscrypt.search.paths = /apex/com.android.conscrypt/${LIB}
 namespace.conscrypt.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.conscrypt/${LIB}
-namespace.conscrypt.links = runtime,default
-namespace.conscrypt.link.runtime.shared_libs  = libandroidio.so
+namespace.conscrypt.links = art,default
+namespace.conscrypt.link.art.shared_libs = libandroidio.so
 namespace.conscrypt.link.default.shared_libs  = libc.so
 namespace.conscrypt.link.default.shared_libs += libm.so
 namespace.conscrypt.link.default.shared_libs += libdl.so
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt
index 7c8b3e7..9c9f4a9 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/ld.config.vndk_lite.txt
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 dir.system = /data
 
 [system]
-additional.namespaces = runtime,conscrypt,media,neuralnetworks,resolv,sphal,vndk,rs
+additional.namespaces = art,conscrypt,media,neuralnetworks,resolv,sphal,vndk,rs
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "default" namespace
@@ -68,23 +68,23 @@
 # Keep in sync with the "platform" namespace in art/build/apex/ld.config.txt.
 # If a shared library or an executable requests a shared library that
 # cannot be loaded into the default namespace, the dynamic linker tries
-# to load the shared library from the runtime namespace. And then, if the
-# shared library cannot be loaded from the runtime namespace either, the
+# to load the shared library from the art namespace. And then, if the
+# shared library cannot be loaded from the art namespace either, the
 # dynamic linker tries to load the shared library from the resolv namespace.
 # Finally, if all attempts fail, the dynamic linker returns an error.
-namespace.default.links = runtime,resolv,neuralnetworks
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs  = libandroidicu.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libdexfile_external.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libdexfiled_external.so
+namespace.default.links = art,resolv,neuralnetworks
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs  = libandroidicu.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libdexfile_external.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libdexfiled_external.so
 # TODO(b/120786417 or b/134659294): libicuuc.so and libicui18n.so are kept for app compat.
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libicui18n.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libicuuc.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativebridge.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativehelper.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativeloader.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libicui18n.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libicuuc.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libnativebridge.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libnativehelper.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libnativeloader.so
 
 # TODO(b/122876336): Remove libpac.so once it's migrated to Webview
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libpac.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libpac.so
 
 # When libnetd_resolv.so can't be found in the default namespace, search for it
 # in the resolv namespace. Don't allow any other libraries from the resolv namespace
@@ -95,26 +95,25 @@
 namespace.default.link.neuralnetworks.shared_libs = libneuralnetworks.so
 
 ###############################################################################
-# "runtime" APEX namespace
+# "art" APEX namespace
 #
-# This namespace pulls in externally accessible libs from the Runtime APEX.
-# Keep in sync with the "runtime" namespace in art/build/apex/ld.config.txt.
+# This namespace pulls in externally accessible libs from the ART APEX.
+# Keep in sync with the "art" namespace in art/build/apex/ld.config.txt.
 ###############################################################################
-# TODO(b/139408016): Rename this namespace to "art".
-namespace.runtime.isolated = true
+namespace.art.isolated = true
 # Visible to allow links to be created at runtime, e.g. through
 # android_link_namespaces in libnativeloader.
-namespace.runtime.visible = true
+namespace.art.visible = true
 
-namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.links = default,neuralnetworks
+namespace.art.search.paths = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.art.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.art.links = default,neuralnetworks
 # Need allow_all_shared_libs because libart.so can dlopen oat files in
 # /system/framework and /data.
 # TODO(b/130340935): Use a dynamically created linker namespace similar to
 # classloader-namespace for oat files, and tighten this up.
-namespace.runtime.link.default.allow_all_shared_libs = true
-namespace.runtime.link.neuralnetworks.shared_libs = libneuralnetworks.so
+namespace.art.link.default.allow_all_shared_libs = true
+namespace.art.link.neuralnetworks.shared_libs = libneuralnetworks.so
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "media" APEX namespace
@@ -149,12 +148,13 @@
 
 namespace.conscrypt.search.paths = /apex/com.android.conscrypt/${LIB}
 namespace.conscrypt.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.conscrypt/${LIB}
-namespace.conscrypt.links = runtime,default
-namespace.conscrypt.link.runtime.shared_libs  = libandroidio.so
+namespace.conscrypt.links = art,default
+namespace.conscrypt.link.art.shared_libs = libandroidio.so
 namespace.conscrypt.link.default.shared_libs  = libc.so
 namespace.conscrypt.link.default.shared_libs += libm.so
 namespace.conscrypt.link.default.shared_libs += libdl.so
 namespace.conscrypt.link.default.shared_libs += liblog.so
+namespace.conscrypt.link.default.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "resolv" APEX namespace
@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@
 namespace.resolv.link.default.shared_libs += libbinder_ndk.so
 namespace.resolv.link.default.shared_libs += liblog.so
 namespace.resolv.link.default.shared_libs += libvndksupport.so
+namespace.resolv.link.default.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "sphal" namespace
@@ -348,7 +349,7 @@
 namespace.neuralnetworks.link.default.shared_libs += libneuralnetworks_packageinfo.so
 namespace.neuralnetworks.link.default.shared_libs += libsync.so
 namespace.neuralnetworks.link.default.shared_libs += libvndksupport.so
-
+namespace.neuralnetworks.link.default.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
 
 ###############################################################################
 # Namespace config for vendor processes. In O, no restriction is enforced for
@@ -357,7 +358,7 @@
 # (LL-NDK only) access.
 ###############################################################################
 [vendor]
-additional.namespaces = runtime,neuralnetworks
+additional.namespaces = art,neuralnetworks
 
 namespace.default.isolated = false
 
@@ -399,36 +400,35 @@
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths += /data/asan/system/${LIB}/vndk%VNDK_VER%
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /system/${LIB}/vndk%VNDK_VER%
 
-namespace.default.links = runtime,neuralnetworks
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs  = libdexfile_external.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libdexfiled_external.so
+namespace.default.links = art,neuralnetworks
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs  = libdexfile_external.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libdexfiled_external.so
 # TODO(b/120786417 or b/134659294): libicuuc.so and libicui18n.so are kept for app compat.
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libicui18n.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libicuuc.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativebridge.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativehelper.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativeloader.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libicui18n.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libicuuc.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libnativebridge.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libnativehelper.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libnativeloader.so
 # Workaround for b/124772622
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libandroidicu.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libandroidicu.so
 
 # LLNDK library moved into apex
 namespace.default.link.neuralnetworks.shared_libs = libneuralnetworks.so
 
 ###############################################################################
-# "runtime" APEX namespace
+# "art" APEX namespace
 #
-# This namespace exposes externally accessible libraries from the Runtime APEX.
-# Keep in sync with the "runtime" namespace in art/build/apex/ld.config.txt.
+# This namespace exposes externally accessible libraries from the ART APEX.
+# Keep in sync with the "art" namespace in art/build/apex/ld.config.txt.
 ###############################################################################
-# TODO(b/139408016): Rename this namespace to "art".
-namespace.runtime.isolated = true
+namespace.art.isolated = true
 
-namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.links = default
+namespace.art.search.paths = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.art.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.art.links = default
 # TODO(b/130340935): Use a dynamically created linker namespace similar to
 # classloader-namespace for oat files, and tighten this up.
-namespace.runtime.link.default.allow_all_shared_libs = true
+namespace.art.link.default.allow_all_shared_libs = true
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "neuralnetworks" APEX namespace
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@
 namespace.neuralnetworks.link.default.shared_libs += libneuralnetworks_packageinfo.so
 namespace.neuralnetworks.link.default.shared_libs += libsync.so
 namespace.neuralnetworks.link.default.shared_libs += libvndksupport.so
-
+namespace.neuralnetworks.link.default.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
 
 ###############################################################################
 # Namespace config for native tests that need access to both system and vendor
@@ -459,7 +459,7 @@
 # includes the requisite namespace setup for APEXes.
 ###############################################################################
 [unrestricted]
-additional.namespaces = runtime,media,conscrypt,resolv,neuralnetworks
+additional.namespaces = art,media,conscrypt,resolv,neuralnetworks
 
 # Visible to allow links to be created at runtime, e.g. through
 # android_link_namespaces in libnativeloader.
@@ -477,20 +477,19 @@
 namespace.default.asan.search.paths +=           /vendor/${LIB}
 
 # Keep in sync with the "platform" namespace in art/build/apex/ld.config.txt.
-namespace.default.links = runtime,resolv,neuralnetworks
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs  = libandroidicu.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libdexfile_external.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libdexfiled_external.so
+namespace.default.links = art,resolv,neuralnetworks
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs  = libandroidicu.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libdexfile_external.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libdexfiled_external.so
 # TODO(b/120786417 or b/134659294): libicuuc.so and libicui18n.so are kept for app compat.
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libicui18n.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libicuuc.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativebridge.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativehelper.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libnativeloader.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libicui18n.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libicuuc.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libnativebridge.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libnativehelper.so
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libnativeloader.so
 
 # TODO(b/122876336): Remove libpac.so once it's migrated to Webview
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += libpac.so
-namespace.default.link.runtime.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
+namespace.default.link.art.shared_libs += libpac.so
 
 namespace.default.link.resolv.shared_libs = libnetd_resolv.so
 
@@ -498,22 +497,22 @@
 namespace.default.link.neuralnetworks.shared_libs = libneuralnetworks.so
 
 ###############################################################################
-# "runtime" APEX namespace
+# "art" APEX namespace
 #
-# This namespace exposes externally accessible libraries from the Runtime APEX.
-# Keep in sync with the "runtime" namespace in art/build/apex/ld.config.txt.
+# This namespace exposes externally accessible libraries from the ART APEX.
+# Keep in sync with the "art" namespace in art/build/apex/ld.config.txt.
 ###############################################################################
-# TODO(b/139408016): Rename this namespace to "art".
-namespace.runtime.isolated = true
+namespace.art.isolated = true
 # Visible to allow links to be created at runtime, e.g. through
 # android_link_namespaces in libnativeloader.
-namespace.runtime.visible = true
+namespace.art.visible = true
 
-namespace.runtime.search.paths = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
-namespace.runtime.links = default
+namespace.art.search.paths = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.art.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.art/${LIB}
+namespace.art.links = default
 # TODO(b/130340935): Use a dynamically created linker namespace similar to
 # classloader-namespace for oat files, and tighten this up.
+namespace.runtime.link.default.allow_all_shared_libs = true
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "media" APEX namespace
@@ -548,11 +547,12 @@
 
 namespace.conscrypt.search.paths = /apex/com.android.conscrypt/${LIB}
 namespace.conscrypt.asan.search.paths = /apex/com.android.conscrypt/${LIB}
-namespace.conscrypt.links = runtime,default
-namespace.conscrypt.link.runtime.shared_libs  = libandroidio.so
+namespace.conscrypt.links = art,default
+namespace.conscrypt.link.art.shared_libs = libandroidio.so
 namespace.conscrypt.link.default.shared_libs  = libc.so
 namespace.conscrypt.link.default.shared_libs += libm.so
 namespace.conscrypt.link.default.shared_libs += libdl.so
+namespace.conscrypt.link.default.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "resolv" APEX namespace
@@ -570,6 +570,7 @@
 namespace.resolv.link.default.shared_libs += libm.so
 namespace.resolv.link.default.shared_libs += libdl.so
 namespace.resolv.link.default.shared_libs += libbinder_ndk.so
+namespace.resolv.link.default.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
 
 ###############################################################################
 # "neuralnetworks" APEX namespace
@@ -591,7 +592,7 @@
 namespace.neuralnetworks.link.default.shared_libs += libneuralnetworks_packageinfo.so
 namespace.neuralnetworks.link.default.shared_libs += libsync.so
 namespace.neuralnetworks.link.default.shared_libs += libvndksupport.so
-
+namespace.neuralnetworks.link.default.shared_libs += %SANITIZER_RUNTIME_LIBRARIES%
 
 ###############################################################################
 # Namespace config for binaries under /postinstall.
diff --git a/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.android.txt b/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.android.txt
index 27e855f..405f5a9 100644
--- a/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.android.txt
+++ b/rootdir/etc/public.libraries.android.txt
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 libmediandk.so
 libm.so
 libnativewindow.so
-libneuralnetworks.so
+libneuralnetworks.so nopreload
 libOpenMAXAL.so
 libOpenSLES.so
 libRS.so
diff --git a/rootdir/init.rc b/rootdir/init.rc
index 3b64b82..c5bf1603 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.rc
+++ b/rootdir/init.rc
@@ -917,3 +917,18 @@
 
 on init && property:ro.debuggable=1
     start console
+
+on userspace-reboot
+  # TODO(b/135984674): reset all necessary properties here.
+  setprop sys.init.userspace_reboot_in_progress 1
+  setprop sys.boot_completed 0
+  setprop sys.init.updatable_crashing 0
+  setprop apexd.status 0
+
+on userspace-reboot-resume
+  # TODO(b/135984674): remount userdata and reset checkpointing
+  trigger nonencrypted
+  trigger post-fs-data
+  trigger zygote-start
+  trigger early-boot
+  trigger boot