diff --git a/bootstat/Android.bp b/bootstat/Android.bp
index 5192f5e..545a06f 100644
--- a/bootstat/Android.bp
+++ b/bootstat/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 bootstat_lib_src_files = [
     "boot_event_record_store.cpp",
 ]
diff --git a/cli-test/Android.bp b/cli-test/Android.bp
index 37a1d1b..59618b4 100644
--- a/cli-test/Android.bp
+++ b/cli-test/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "cli-test",
     host_supported: true,
diff --git a/code_coverage/Android.bp b/code_coverage/Android.bp
index b51c802..2cb1617 100644
--- a/code_coverage/Android.bp
+++ b/code_coverage/Android.bp
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 prebuilt_etc {
     name: "code_coverage.policy",
     sub_dir: "seccomp_policy",
diff --git a/cpio/Android.bp b/cpio/Android.bp
index baa0319..16af079 100644
--- a/cpio/Android.bp
+++ b/cpio/Android.bp
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright 2005 The Android Open Source Project
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_binary_host {
     name: "mkbootfs",
     srcs: ["mkbootfs.c"],
diff --git a/debuggerd/Android.bp b/debuggerd/Android.bp
index 53f85bf..fb274ec 100644
--- a/debuggerd/Android.bp
+++ b/debuggerd/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,31 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_debuggerd_license"],
+}
+
+// Added automatically by a large-scale-change that took the approach of
+// 'apply every license found to every target'. While this makes sure we respect
+// every license restriction, it may not be entirely correct.
+//
+// e.g. GPL in an MIT project might only apply to the contrib/ directory.
+//
+// Please consider splitting the single license below into multiple licenses,
+// taking care not to lose any license_kind information, and overriding the
+// default license using the 'licenses: [...]' property on targets as needed.
+//
+// For unused files, consider creating a 'fileGroup' with "//visibility:private"
+// to attach the license to, and including a comment whether the files may be
+// used in the current project.
+// See: http://go/android-license-faq
+license {
+    name: "system_core_debuggerd_license",
+    visibility: [":__subpackages__"],
+    license_kinds: [
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0",
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-BSD",
+    ],
+    // large-scale-change unable to identify any license_text files
+}
+
 cc_defaults {
     name: "debuggerd_defaults",
     cflags: [
diff --git a/debuggerd/crasher/Android.bp b/debuggerd/crasher/Android.bp
index 61c5395..7975a3a 100644
--- a/debuggerd/crasher/Android.bp
+++ b/debuggerd/crasher/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_defaults {
     name: "crasher-defaults",
 
diff --git a/debuggerd/proto/Android.bp b/debuggerd/proto/Android.bp
index bb82f03..b78224b 100644
--- a/debuggerd/proto/Android.bp
+++ b/debuggerd/proto/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 filegroup {
     name: "libtombstone_proto-src",
     srcs: ["tombstone.proto"],
diff --git a/diagnose_usb/Android.bp b/diagnose_usb/Android.bp
index 93d13bd..cb79ffe 100644
--- a/diagnose_usb/Android.bp
+++ b/diagnose_usb/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_static {
     name: "libdiagnose_usb",
     cflags: ["-Wall", "-Wextra", "-Werror"],
diff --git a/fastboot/Android.bp b/fastboot/Android.bp
index 85a19e5..1a91d1e 100644
--- a/fastboot/Android.bp
+++ b/fastboot/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,34 @@
 
 // This is required because no Android.bp can include a library defined in an
 // Android.mk. Eventually should kill libfastboot (defined in Android.mk)
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_fastboot_license"],
+}
+
+// Added automatically by a large-scale-change that took the approach of
+// 'apply every license found to every target'. While this makes sure we respect
+// every license restriction, it may not be entirely correct.
+//
+// e.g. GPL in an MIT project might only apply to the contrib/ directory.
+//
+// Please consider splitting the single license below into multiple licenses,
+// taking care not to lose any license_kind information, and overriding the
+// default license using the 'licenses: [...]' property on targets as needed.
+//
+// For unused files, consider creating a 'fileGroup' with "//visibility:private"
+// to attach the license to, and including a comment whether the files may be
+// used in the current project.
+// See: http://go/android-license-faq
+license {
+    name: "system_core_fastboot_license",
+    visibility: [":__subpackages__"],
+    license_kinds: [
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0",
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-BSD",
+    ],
+    // large-scale-change unable to identify any license_text files
+}
+
 cc_library_host_static {
     name: "libfastboot2",
 
diff --git a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/Android.bp b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/Android.bp
index aa449b2..159c314 100644
--- a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/Android.bp
+++ b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "system_core_fastboot_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-BSD
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_fastboot_license"],
+}
+
 cc_test_host {
   name: "fuzzy_fastboot",
   compile_multilib: "first",
diff --git a/fs_mgr/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/Android.bp
index 96cc5c8..5356b00 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,34 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_fs_mgr_license"],
+}
+
+// Added automatically by a large-scale-change that took the approach of
+// 'apply every license found to every target'. While this makes sure we respect
+// every license restriction, it may not be entirely correct.
+//
+// e.g. GPL in an MIT project might only apply to the contrib/ directory.
+//
+// Please consider splitting the single license below into multiple licenses,
+// taking care not to lose any license_kind information, and overriding the
+// default license using the 'licenses: [...]' property on targets as needed.
+//
+// For unused files, consider creating a 'fileGroup' with "//visibility:private"
+// to attach the license to, and including a comment whether the files may be
+// used in the current project.
+// See: http://go/android-license-faq
+license {
+    name: "system_core_fs_mgr_license",
+    visibility: [":__subpackages__"],
+    license_kinds: [
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0",
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-MIT",
+    ],
+    // large-scale-change unable to identify any license_text files
+}
+
 cc_defaults {
     name: "fs_mgr_defaults",
     sanitize: {
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/libdm/Android.bp
index 0efe384..428a7f4 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_static {
     name: "libdm",
     defaults: ["fs_mgr_defaults"],
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfiemap/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/libfiemap/Android.bp
index a622110..1c5872e 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libfiemap/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfiemap/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_headers {
     name: "libfiemap_headers",
     recovery_available: true,
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/Android.bp
index 45e7a30..c1c181a 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libfs_avb/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,16 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "system_core_fs_mgr_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-MIT
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_fs_mgr_license"],
+}
+
 cc_library_static {
     name: "libfs_avb",
     defaults: ["fs_mgr_defaults"],
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/liblp/Android.bp
index 9517bd3..7e528b1 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 liblp_lib_deps = [
     "libbase",
     "liblog",
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/Android.bp
index 678adf8..b808609 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libsnapshot/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_defaults {
     name: "libsnapshot_defaults",
     defaults: ["fs_mgr_defaults"],
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libstorage_literals/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/libstorage_literals/Android.bp
index beb18ef..635ca49 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libstorage_literals/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libstorage_literals/Android.bp
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_headers {
     name: "libstorage_literals_headers",
     host_supported: true,
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libvbmeta/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/libvbmeta/Android.bp
index a299b6e..c197097 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libvbmeta/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/libvbmeta/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 libvbmeta_lib_deps = [
     "libbase",
     "libcrypto",
diff --git a/fs_mgr/tests/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/tests/Android.bp
index 9ed283a..335da9e 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/tests/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_test {
     name: "CtsFsMgrTestCases",
     test_suites: [
diff --git a/fs_mgr/tools/Android.bp b/fs_mgr/tools/Android.bp
index d6ccc4b..462777d 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/tools/Android.bp
+++ b/fs_mgr/tools/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "dmctl",
     srcs: ["dmctl.cpp"],
diff --git a/gatekeeperd/Android.bp b/gatekeeperd/Android.bp
index d1046df..49e8085 100644
--- a/gatekeeperd/Android.bp
+++ b/gatekeeperd/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "gatekeeperd",
     cflags: [
diff --git a/healthd/Android.bp b/healthd/Android.bp
index 251a45b..ec47f68 100644
--- a/healthd/Android.bp
+++ b/healthd/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_headers {
     name: "libhealthd_headers",
     vendor_available: true,
diff --git a/healthd/testdata/Android.bp b/healthd/testdata/Android.bp
index 110c79a..f212538 100644
--- a/healthd/testdata/Android.bp
+++ b/healthd/testdata/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 filegroup {
     name: "libhealthd_charger_test_data",
     srcs: ["**/*.*"],
diff --git a/init/Android.bp b/init/Android.bp
index 5da8e36..3ff1767 100644
--- a/init/Android.bp
+++ b/init/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,23 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_init_license"],
+}
+
+// Added automatically by a large-scale-change
+// See: http://go/android-license-faq
+license {
+    name: "system_core_init_license",
+    visibility: [":__subpackages__"],
+    license_kinds: [
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0",
+    ],
+    license_text: [
+        "NOTICE",
+    ],
+}
+
 init_common_sources = [
     "action.cpp",
     "action_manager.cpp",
diff --git a/init/Android.mk b/init/Android.mk
index 561d641..65ee385 100644
--- a/init/Android.mk
+++ b/init/Android.mk
@@ -64,6 +64,9 @@
     util.cpp \
 
 LOCAL_MODULE := init_first_stage
+LOCAL_LICENSE_KINDS := SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+LOCAL_LICENSE_CONDITIONS := notice
+LOCAL_NOTICE_FILE := $(LOCAL_PATH)/NOTICE
 LOCAL_MODULE_STEM := init
 
 LOCAL_FORCE_STATIC_EXECUTABLE := true
@@ -137,6 +140,9 @@
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
 LOCAL_MODULE := init_system
+LOCAL_LICENSE_KINDS := SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+LOCAL_LICENSE_CONDITIONS := notice
+LOCAL_NOTICE_FILE := $(LOCAL_PATH)/NOTICE
 LOCAL_REQUIRED_MODULES := \
    init_second_stage \
 
@@ -145,6 +151,9 @@
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
 LOCAL_MODULE := init_vendor
+LOCAL_LICENSE_KINDS := SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+LOCAL_LICENSE_CONDITIONS := notice
+LOCAL_NOTICE_FILE := $(LOCAL_PATH)/NOTICE
 ifneq ($(BOARD_BUILD_SYSTEM_ROOT_IMAGE),true)
 LOCAL_REQUIRED_MODULES := \
    init_first_stage \
diff --git a/init/README.md b/init/README.md
index 67d55e1..4a262c9 100644
--- a/init/README.md
+++ b/init/README.md
@@ -523,6 +523,11 @@
 `interface_start aidl/aidl_lazy_test_1` will start the AIDL service that
 provides the `aidl_lazy_test_1` interface.
 
+`load_exports <path>`
+> Open the file at _path_ and export global environment variables declared
+  there. Each line must be in the format `export <name> <value>`, as described
+  above.
+
 `load_system_props`
 > (This action is deprecated and no-op.)
 
@@ -795,6 +800,9 @@
 `ro.boottime.init.selinux`
 > How long in ns it took to run SELinux stage.
 
+`ro.boottime.init.modules`
+> How long in ms it took to load kernel modules.
+
 `ro.boottime.init.cold_boot_wait`
 > How long init waited for ueventd's coldboot phase to end.
 
diff --git a/init/builtins.cpp b/init/builtins.cpp
index 6b7d1e9..dcc9582 100644
--- a/init/builtins.cpp
+++ b/init/builtins.cpp
@@ -292,6 +292,38 @@
     return {};
 }
 
+static Result<void> do_load_exports(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
+    auto file_contents = ReadFile(args[1]);
+    if (!file_contents.ok()) {
+        return Error() << "Could not read input file '" << args[1]
+                       << "': " << file_contents.error();
+    }
+
+    auto lines = Split(*file_contents, "\n");
+    for (const auto& line : lines) {
+        if (line.empty()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        auto env = Split(line, " ");
+
+        if (env.size() != 3) {
+            return ErrnoError() << "Expected a line as `export <name> <value>`, found: `" << line
+                                << "`";
+        }
+
+        if (env[0] != "export") {
+            return ErrnoError() << "Unknown action: '" << env[0] << "', expected 'export'";
+        }
+
+        if (setenv(env[1].c_str(), env[2].c_str(), 1) == -1) {
+            return ErrnoError() << "Failed to export '" << line << "' from " << args[1];
+        }
+    }
+
+    return {};
+}
+
 static Result<void> do_hostname(const BuiltinArguments& args) {
     if (auto result = WriteFile("/proc/sys/kernel/hostname", args[1]); !result.ok()) {
         return Error() << "Unable to write to /proc/sys/kernel/hostname: " << result.error();
@@ -1404,6 +1436,7 @@
         {"interface_restart",       {1,     1,    {false,  do_interface_restart}}},
         {"interface_start",         {1,     1,    {false,  do_interface_start}}},
         {"interface_stop",          {1,     1,    {false,  do_interface_stop}}},
+        {"load_exports",            {1,     1,    {false,  do_load_exports}}},
         {"load_persist_props",      {0,     0,    {false,  do_load_persist_props}}},
         {"load_system_props",       {0,     0,    {false,  do_load_system_props}}},
         {"loglevel",                {1,     1,    {false,  do_loglevel}}},
diff --git a/init/first_stage_init.cpp b/init/first_stage_init.cpp
index 6954c03..83d2b6d 100644
--- a/init/first_stage_init.cpp
+++ b/init/first_stage_init.cpp
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
 }
 
 #define MODULE_BASE_DIR "/lib/modules"
-bool LoadKernelModules(bool recovery, bool want_console) {
+bool LoadKernelModules(bool recovery, bool want_console, int& modules_loaded) {
     struct utsname uts;
     if (uname(&uts)) {
         LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to get kernel version.";
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@
         dir_path.append(module_dir);
         Modprobe m({dir_path}, GetModuleLoadList(recovery, dir_path));
         bool retval = m.LoadListedModules(!want_console);
-        int modules_loaded = m.GetModuleCount();
+        modules_loaded = m.GetModuleCount();
         if (modules_loaded > 0) {
             return retval;
         }
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
 
     Modprobe m({MODULE_BASE_DIR}, GetModuleLoadList(recovery, MODULE_BASE_DIR));
     bool retval = m.LoadListedModules(!want_console);
-    int modules_loaded = m.GetModuleCount();
+    modules_loaded = m.GetModuleCount();
     if (modules_loaded > 0) {
         return retval;
     }
@@ -278,13 +278,23 @@
 
     auto want_console = ALLOW_FIRST_STAGE_CONSOLE ? FirstStageConsole(cmdline) : 0;
 
-    if (!LoadKernelModules(IsRecoveryMode() && !ForceNormalBoot(cmdline), want_console)) {
+    boot_clock::time_point module_start_time = boot_clock::now();
+    int module_count = 0;
+    if (!LoadKernelModules(IsRecoveryMode() && !ForceNormalBoot(cmdline), want_console,
+                           module_count)) {
         if (want_console != FirstStageConsoleParam::DISABLED) {
             LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to load kernel modules, starting console";
         } else {
             LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to load kernel modules";
         }
     }
+    if (module_count > 0) {
+        auto module_elapse_time = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
+                boot_clock::now() - module_start_time);
+        setenv(kEnvInitModuleDurationMs, std::to_string(module_elapse_time.count()).c_str(), 1);
+        LOG(INFO) << "Loaded " << module_count << " kernel modules took "
+                  << module_elapse_time.count() << " ms";
+    }
 
     if (want_console == FirstStageConsoleParam::CONSOLE_ON_FAILURE) {
         StartConsole(cmdline);
diff --git a/init/first_stage_init.h b/init/first_stage_init.h
index 7de816f..1211f29 100644
--- a/init/first_stage_init.h
+++ b/init/first_stage_init.h
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 int FirstStageMain(int argc, char** argv);
 
 static constexpr char kEnvFirstStageStartedAt[] = "FIRST_STAGE_STARTED_AT";
+static constexpr char kEnvInitModuleDurationMs[] = "INIT_MODULE_DURATION_MS";
 
 }  // namespace init
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/init/init.cpp b/init/init.cpp
index b08037a..70d6809 100644
--- a/init/init.cpp
+++ b/init/init.cpp
@@ -713,6 +713,10 @@
     SetProperty("ro.boottime.init.selinux",
                 std::to_string(second_stage_start_time.time_since_epoch().count() -
                                selinux_start_time_ns));
+    if (auto init_module_time_str = getenv(kEnvInitModuleDurationMs); init_module_time_str) {
+        SetProperty("ro.boottime.init.modules", init_module_time_str);
+        unsetenv(kEnvInitModuleDurationMs);
+    }
 }
 
 void SendLoadPersistentPropertiesMessage() {
diff --git a/init/sysprop/Android.bp b/init/sysprop/Android.bp
index 7582875..296cdc1 100644
--- a/init/sysprop/Android.bp
+++ b/init/sysprop/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "system_core_init_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_init_license"],
+}
+
 sysprop_library {
   name: "com.android.sysprop.init",
   srcs: ["InitProperties.sysprop"],
diff --git a/init/test_kill_services/Android.bp b/init/test_kill_services/Android.bp
index d59e548..37361a8 100644
--- a/init/test_kill_services/Android.bp
+++ b/init/test_kill_services/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "system_core_init_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_init_license"],
+}
+
 cc_test {
     name: "init_kill_services_test",
     srcs: ["init_kill_services_test.cpp"],
diff --git a/init/test_service/Android.bp b/init/test_service/Android.bp
index 8bd16a7..37bc371 100644
--- a/init/test_service/Android.bp
+++ b/init/test_service/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,15 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "system_core_init_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_init_license"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "test_service",
     srcs: ["test_service.cpp"],
diff --git a/libappfuse/Android.bp b/libappfuse/Android.bp
index ae1481f..a9bd94e 100644
--- a/libappfuse/Android.bp
+++ b/libappfuse/Android.bp
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright 2016 The Android Open Source Project
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_defaults {
     name: "libappfuse_defaults",
     local_include_dirs: ["include"],
diff --git a/libasyncio/Android.bp b/libasyncio/Android.bp
index 44e7933..692e223 100644
--- a/libasyncio/Android.bp
+++ b/libasyncio/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_defaults {
     name: "libasyncio_defaults",
     cflags: [
diff --git a/libbinderwrapper/Android.bp b/libbinderwrapper/Android.bp
index d2487e2..75f43ee 100644
--- a/libbinderwrapper/Android.bp
+++ b/libbinderwrapper/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_defaults {
     name: "libbinderwrapper_defaults",
 
diff --git a/libcrypto_utils/Android.bp b/libcrypto_utils/Android.bp
index 923b291..b33d46d 100644
--- a/libcrypto_utils/Android.bp
+++ b/libcrypto_utils/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library {
     name: "libcrypto_utils",
     vendor_available: true,
diff --git a/libcrypto_utils/tests/Android.bp b/libcrypto_utils/tests/Android.bp
index 5aadfe2..087e83b 100644
--- a/libcrypto_utils/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libcrypto_utils/tests/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_test_host {
     name: "libcrypto_utils_test",
     srcs: ["android_pubkey_test.cpp"],
diff --git a/libcutils/Android.bp b/libcutils/Android.bp
index c75e538..1bf84b4 100644
--- a/libcutils/Android.bp
+++ b/libcutils/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,37 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_libcutils_license"],
+}
+
+// Added automatically by a large-scale-change that took the approach of
+// 'apply every license found to every target'. While this makes sure we respect
+// every license restriction, it may not be entirely correct.
+//
+// e.g. GPL in an MIT project might only apply to the contrib/ directory.
+//
+// Please consider splitting the single license below into multiple licenses,
+// taking care not to lose any license_kind information, and overriding the
+// default license using the 'licenses: [...]' property on targets as needed.
+//
+// For unused files, consider creating a 'fileGroup' with "//visibility:private"
+// to attach the license to, and including a comment whether the files may be
+// used in the current project.
+// See: http://go/android-license-faq
+license {
+    name: "system_core_libcutils_license",
+    visibility: [":__subpackages__"],
+    license_kinds: [
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0",
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-BSD",
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-MIT",
+    ],
+    license_text: [
+        "NOTICE",
+    ],
+}
+
 filegroup {
     name: "android_filesystem_config_header",
     srcs: ["include/private/android_filesystem_config.h"],
diff --git a/libdiskconfig/Android.bp b/libdiskconfig/Android.bp
index b92f086..a3d643e 100644
--- a/libdiskconfig/Android.bp
+++ b/libdiskconfig/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library {
     name: "libdiskconfig",
     vendor_available: true,
diff --git a/libgrallocusage/Android.bp b/libgrallocusage/Android.bp
index 33ae13d..f31b5f1 100644
--- a/libgrallocusage/Android.bp
+++ b/libgrallocusage/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,23 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_libgrallocusage_license"],
+}
+
+// Added automatically by a large-scale-change
+// See: http://go/android-license-faq
+license {
+    name: "system_core_libgrallocusage_license",
+    visibility: [":__subpackages__"],
+    license_kinds: [
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0",
+    ],
+    license_text: [
+        "NOTICE",
+    ],
+}
+
 cc_library {
     name: "libgrallocusage",
     vendor_available: true,
diff --git a/libkeyutils/Android.bp b/libkeyutils/Android.bp
index b388e95..9848cd8 100644
--- a/libkeyutils/Android.bp
+++ b/libkeyutils/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,31 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_libkeyutils_license"],
+}
+
+// Added automatically by a large-scale-change that took the approach of
+// 'apply every license found to every target'. While this makes sure we respect
+// every license restriction, it may not be entirely correct.
+//
+// e.g. GPL in an MIT project might only apply to the contrib/ directory.
+//
+// Please consider splitting the single license below into multiple licenses,
+// taking care not to lose any license_kind information, and overriding the
+// default license using the 'licenses: [...]' property on targets as needed.
+//
+// For unused files, consider creating a 'fileGroup' with "//visibility:private"
+// to attach the license to, and including a comment whether the files may be
+// used in the current project.
+// See: http://go/android-license-faq
+license {
+    name: "system_core_libkeyutils_license",
+    visibility: [":__subpackages__"],
+    license_kinds: [
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0",
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-BSD",
+    ],
+    // large-scale-change unable to identify any license_text files
+}
+
 cc_library {
     name: "libkeyutils",
     cflags: ["-Werror"],
diff --git a/libkeyutils/mini_keyctl/Android.bp b/libkeyutils/mini_keyctl/Android.bp
index a04a3db..417ddac 100644
--- a/libkeyutils/mini_keyctl/Android.bp
+++ b/libkeyutils/mini_keyctl/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_static {
     name: "libmini_keyctl_static",
     srcs: [
diff --git a/libmodprobe/Android.bp b/libmodprobe/Android.bp
index 78da46c..ba11dc9 100644
--- a/libmodprobe/Android.bp
+++ b/libmodprobe/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_static {
     name: "libmodprobe",
     cflags: [
diff --git a/libnetutils/Android.bp b/libnetutils/Android.bp
index eec2415..2864ad0 100644
--- a/libnetutils/Android.bp
+++ b/libnetutils/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_libnetutils_license"],
+}
+
+// Added automatically by a large-scale-change
+// See: http://go/android-license-faq
+license {
+    name: "system_core_libnetutils_license",
+    visibility: [":__subpackages__"],
+    license_kinds: [
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0",
+    ],
+    license_text: [
+        "NOTICE",
+    ],
+}
+
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "libnetutils",
     vendor_available: true,
diff --git a/libpackagelistparser/Android.bp b/libpackagelistparser/Android.bp
index c3f8692..81885d7 100644
--- a/libpackagelistparser/Android.bp
+++ b/libpackagelistparser/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library {
     name: "libpackagelistparser",
     ramdisk_available: true,
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/Android.bp b/libprocessgroup/Android.bp
index f104100..c68552d 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/Android.bp
+++ b/libprocessgroup/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_headers {
     name: "libprocessgroup_headers",
     vendor_available: true,
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/cgrouprc/Android.bp b/libprocessgroup/cgrouprc/Android.bp
index def069b..0cbe0cc 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/cgrouprc/Android.bp
+++ b/libprocessgroup/cgrouprc/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library {
     name: "libcgrouprc",
     host_supported: true,
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/cgrouprc_format/Android.bp b/libprocessgroup/cgrouprc_format/Android.bp
index 6428930..0590924 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/cgrouprc_format/Android.bp
+++ b/libprocessgroup/cgrouprc_format/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_static {
     name: "libcgrouprc_format",
     host_supported: true,
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/profiles/Android.bp b/libprocessgroup/profiles/Android.bp
index 2d7bb5a..885971a 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/profiles/Android.bp
+++ b/libprocessgroup/profiles/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 prebuilt_etc {
     name: "cgroups.json",
     src: "cgroups.json",
diff --git a/libprocessgroup/setup/Android.bp b/libprocessgroup/setup/Android.bp
index f6fc066..ea6c247 100644
--- a/libprocessgroup/setup/Android.bp
+++ b/libprocessgroup/setup/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_shared {
     name: "libprocessgroup_setup",
     recovery_available: true,
diff --git a/libqtaguid/Android.bp b/libqtaguid/Android.bp
index de632ca..64db095 100644
--- a/libqtaguid/Android.bp
+++ b/libqtaguid/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_headers {
     name: "libqtaguid_headers",
     vendor_available: false,
diff --git a/libsparse/Android.bp b/libsparse/Android.bp
index 5b6ce41..0b4b640 100644
--- a/libsparse/Android.bp
+++ b/libsparse/Android.bp
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright 2010 The Android Open Source Project
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library {
     name: "libsparse",
     host_supported: true,
diff --git a/libstats/push_compat/Android.bp b/libstats/push_compat/Android.bp
index 43ae69d..4b2f40e 100644
--- a/libstats/push_compat/Android.bp
+++ b/libstats/push_compat/Android.bp
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@
 // protocols. This library should only be used by DNS resolver or other
 // native modules on Q that log pushed atoms to statsd.
 // =========================================================================
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_defaults {
     name: "libstatspush_compat_defaults",
     srcs: [
@@ -65,4 +69,3 @@
     ],
     static_libs: ["libgmock"],
 }
-
diff --git a/libsuspend/Android.bp b/libsuspend/Android.bp
index c5f1f5e..671de4d 100644
--- a/libsuspend/Android.bp
+++ b/libsuspend/Android.bp
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright 2012 The Android Open Source Project
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library {
     name: "libsuspend",
     srcs: [
diff --git a/libsync/Android.bp b/libsync/Android.bp
index 4828892..540a246 100644
--- a/libsync/Android.bp
+++ b/libsync/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_libsync_license"],
+}
+
+// Added automatically by a large-scale-change
+// See: http://go/android-license-faq
+license {
+    name: "system_core_libsync_license",
+    visibility: [":__subpackages__"],
+    license_kinds: [
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0",
+    ],
+    license_text: [
+        "NOTICE",
+    ],
+}
+
 ndk_headers {
     name: "libsync_headers",
     from: "include/ndk",
diff --git a/libsystem/Android.bp b/libsystem/Android.bp
index b37b8ec..dacc8ca 100644
--- a/libsystem/Android.bp
+++ b/libsystem/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_headers {
     name: "libsystem_headers",
     vendor_available: true,
diff --git a/libsysutils/Android.bp b/libsysutils/Android.bp
index 3b98bab..5f472b2 100644
--- a/libsysutils/Android.bp
+++ b/libsysutils/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library {
     name: "libsysutils",
     vendor_available: true,
diff --git a/libusbhost/Android.bp b/libusbhost/Android.bp
index fc6f305..3883317 100644
--- a/libusbhost/Android.bp
+++ b/libusbhost/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library {
     name: "libusbhost",
     vendor_available: true,
diff --git a/libutils/Android.bp b/libutils/Android.bp
index 1e7cbdb..c9ecfa9 100644
--- a/libutils/Android.bp
+++ b/libutils/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,23 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_libutils_license"],
+}
+
+// Added automatically by a large-scale-change
+// See: http://go/android-license-faq
+license {
+    name: "system_core_libutils_license",
+    visibility: [":__subpackages__"],
+    license_kinds: [
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0",
+    ],
+    license_text: [
+        "NOTICE",
+    ],
+}
+
 cc_library_headers {
     name: "libutils_headers",
     vendor_available: true,
diff --git a/libvndksupport/Android.bp b/libvndksupport/Android.bp
index a5cece4..11c75f7 100644
--- a/libvndksupport/Android.bp
+++ b/libvndksupport/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library {
     name: "libvndksupport",
     native_bridge_supported: true,
diff --git a/libvndksupport/tests/Android.bp b/libvndksupport/tests/Android.bp
index 2570cce..ba700cb 100644
--- a/libvndksupport/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/libvndksupport/tests/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_test {
     name: "libvndksupport-tests",
     srcs: [
diff --git a/llkd/Android.bp b/llkd/Android.bp
index 62a637d..1c0e0f0 100644
--- a/llkd/Android.bp
+++ b/llkd/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_headers {
     name: "llkd_headers",
 
diff --git a/llkd/tests/Android.bp b/llkd/tests/Android.bp
index 6dd5938..3db6e85 100644
--- a/llkd/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/llkd/tests/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_test {
     name: "llkd_unit_test",
 
diff --git a/property_service/libpropertyinfoparser/Android.bp b/property_service/libpropertyinfoparser/Android.bp
index 8777896..6861456 100644
--- a/property_service/libpropertyinfoparser/Android.bp
+++ b/property_service/libpropertyinfoparser/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_static {
     name: "libpropertyinfoparser",
     host_supported: true,
diff --git a/property_service/libpropertyinfoserializer/Android.bp b/property_service/libpropertyinfoserializer/Android.bp
index f91bc37..f260450 100644
--- a/property_service/libpropertyinfoserializer/Android.bp
+++ b/property_service/libpropertyinfoserializer/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_defaults {
     name: "propertyinfoserializer_defaults",
     host_supported: true,
diff --git a/property_service/property_info_checker/Android.bp b/property_service/property_info_checker/Android.bp
index 66f378a..d26e359 100644
--- a/property_service/property_info_checker/Android.bp
+++ b/property_service/property_info_checker/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "property_info_checker",
     host_supported: true,
diff --git a/qemu_pipe/Android.bp b/qemu_pipe/Android.bp
index ad86a4e..42a69db 100644
--- a/qemu_pipe/Android.bp
+++ b/qemu_pipe/Android.bp
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright 2011 The Android Open Source Project
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_static {
     name: "libqemu_pipe",
     vendor_available: true,
diff --git a/reboot/Android.bp b/reboot/Android.bp
index cc71723..7b243bd 100644
--- a/reboot/Android.bp
+++ b/reboot/Android.bp
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright 2013 The Android Open Source Project
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "reboot",
     srcs: ["reboot.c"],
diff --git a/rootdir/Android.bp b/rootdir/Android.bp
index d63868a..6a80808 100644
--- a/rootdir/Android.bp
+++ b/rootdir/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 prebuilt_etc {
     name: "init.rc",
     src: "init.rc",
diff --git a/rootdir/Android.mk b/rootdir/Android.mk
index 73d1101..c9e68f8 100644
--- a/rootdir/Android.mk
+++ b/rootdir/Android.mk
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
 LOCAL_MODULE := init-debug.rc
+LOCAL_LICENSE_KINDS := SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+LOCAL_LICENSE_CONDITIONS := notice
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_ETC)/init
@@ -18,6 +20,8 @@
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
 LOCAL_MODULE := asan.options
+LOCAL_LICENSE_KINDS := SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+LOCAL_LICENSE_CONDITIONS := notice
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT)
@@ -29,6 +33,8 @@
 ifeq ($(SANITIZE_TARGET_SYSTEM),true)
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 LOCAL_MODULE:= asan_extract
+LOCAL_LICENSE_KINDS:= SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+LOCAL_LICENSE_CONDITIONS:= notice
 LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := EXECUTABLES
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := asan_extract.sh
@@ -47,6 +53,8 @@
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
 LOCAL_MODULE := init.environ.rc
+LOCAL_LICENSE_KINDS := SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+LOCAL_LICENSE_CONDITIONS := notice
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_ROOT_OUT)
 
 EXPORT_GLOBAL_ASAN_OPTIONS :=
@@ -182,6 +190,8 @@
 # sanitizer.libraries.txt
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 LOCAL_MODULE := sanitizer.libraries.txt
+LOCAL_LICENSE_KINDS := SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+LOCAL_LICENSE_CONDITIONS := notice
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_ETC)
 LOCAL_MODULE_STEM := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
@@ -206,6 +216,8 @@
 # adb_debug.prop in debug ramdisk
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 LOCAL_MODULE := adb_debug.prop
+LOCAL_LICENSE_KINDS := SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+LOCAL_LICENSE_CONDITIONS := notice
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_DEBUG_RAMDISK_OUT)
diff --git a/rootdir/avb/Android.bp b/rootdir/avb/Android.bp
index 8c7caf3..cfc59a7 100644
--- a/rootdir/avb/Android.bp
+++ b/rootdir/avb/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 filegroup {
     name: "q-gsi_avbpubkey",
     srcs: [
diff --git a/rootdir/avb/Android.mk b/rootdir/avb/Android.mk
index f71f205..647cfa2 100644
--- a/rootdir/avb/Android.mk
+++ b/rootdir/avb/Android.mk
@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
 LOCAL_MODULE := q-gsi.avbpubkey
+LOCAL_LICENSE_KINDS := SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+LOCAL_LICENSE_CONDITIONS := notice
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(my_gsi_avb_keys_path)
@@ -30,6 +32,8 @@
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
 LOCAL_MODULE := q-developer-gsi.avbpubkey
+LOCAL_LICENSE_KINDS := SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+LOCAL_LICENSE_CONDITIONS := notice
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(my_gsi_avb_keys_path)
@@ -41,6 +45,8 @@
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
 LOCAL_MODULE := r-gsi.avbpubkey
+LOCAL_LICENSE_KINDS := SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+LOCAL_LICENSE_CONDITIONS := notice
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(my_gsi_avb_keys_path)
@@ -52,6 +58,8 @@
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
 LOCAL_MODULE := r-developer-gsi.avbpubkey
+LOCAL_LICENSE_KINDS := SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+LOCAL_LICENSE_CONDITIONS := notice
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(my_gsi_avb_keys_path)
@@ -63,6 +71,8 @@
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
 LOCAL_MODULE := s-gsi.avbpubkey
+LOCAL_LICENSE_KINDS := SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+LOCAL_LICENSE_CONDITIONS := notice
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(my_gsi_avb_keys_path)
@@ -74,6 +84,8 @@
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
 LOCAL_MODULE := s-developer-gsi.avbpubkey
+LOCAL_LICENSE_KINDS := SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+LOCAL_LICENSE_CONDITIONS := notice
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(my_gsi_avb_keys_path)
@@ -85,6 +97,8 @@
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
 
 LOCAL_MODULE := qcar-gsi.avbpubkey
+LOCAL_LICENSE_KINDS := SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+LOCAL_LICENSE_CONDITIONS := notice
 LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
 LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(my_gsi_avb_keys_path)
diff --git a/run-as/Android.bp b/run-as/Android.bp
index accd07d..9baee8f 100644
--- a/run-as/Android.bp
+++ b/run-as/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,23 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_run-as_license"],
+}
+
+// Added automatically by a large-scale-change
+// See: http://go/android-license-faq
+license {
+    name: "system_core_run-as_license",
+    visibility: [":__subpackages__"],
+    license_kinds: [
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0",
+    ],
+    license_text: [
+        "NOTICE",
+    ],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "run-as",
     srcs: [
diff --git a/sdcard/Android.bp b/sdcard/Android.bp
index c096587..10a7d16 100644
--- a/sdcard/Android.bp
+++ b/sdcard/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     srcs: ["sdcard.cpp"],
     name: "sdcard",
diff --git a/set-verity-state/Android.bp b/set-verity-state/Android.bp
index da112c9..2f0cb10 100644
--- a/set-verity-state/Android.bp
+++ b/set-verity-state/Android.bp
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 // Copyright 2019 The Android Open Source Project
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "set-verity-state",
     srcs: ["set-verity-state.cpp"],
diff --git a/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp b/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp
index 5e013fe..b7d7490 100644
--- a/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp
+++ b/shell_and_utilities/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 phony {
     name: "shell_and_utilities",
     required: [
diff --git a/storaged/Android.bp b/storaged/Android.bp
index cc19481..ec27a08 100644
--- a/storaged/Android.bp
+++ b/storaged/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_defaults {
     name: "storaged_defaults",
 
diff --git a/toolbox/Android.bp b/toolbox/Android.bp
index 3207824..8594ec4 100644
--- a/toolbox/Android.bp
+++ b/toolbox/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_toolbox_license"],
+}
+
+// Added automatically by a large-scale-change
+// See: http://go/android-license-faq
+license {
+    name: "system_core_toolbox_license",
+    visibility: [":__subpackages__"],
+    license_kinds: [
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0",
+    ],
+    license_text: [
+        "NOTICE",
+    ],
+}
+
 cc_defaults {
     name: "toolbox_defaults",
     cflags: [
diff --git a/trusty/Android.bp b/trusty/Android.bp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38c6204
--- /dev/null
+++ b/trusty/Android.bp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_trusty_license"],
+}
+
+// Added automatically by a large-scale-change that took the approach of
+// 'apply every license found to every target'. While this makes sure we respect
+// every license restriction, it may not be entirely correct.
+//
+// e.g. GPL in an MIT project might only apply to the contrib/ directory.
+//
+// Please consider splitting the single license below into multiple licenses,
+// taking care not to lose any license_kind information, and overriding the
+// default license using the 'licenses: [...]' property on targets as needed.
+//
+// For unused files, consider creating a 'fileGroup' with "//visibility:private"
+// to attach the license to, and including a comment whether the files may be
+// used in the current project.
+// See: http://go/android-license-faq
+license {
+    name: "system_core_trusty_license",
+    visibility: [":__subpackages__"],
+    license_kinds: [
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0",
+        "SPDX-license-identifier-MIT",
+    ],
+    // large-scale-change unable to identify any license_text files
+}
diff --git a/trusty/apploader/Android.bp b/trusty/apploader/Android.bp
index 7e97cb8..4411964 100644
--- a/trusty/apploader/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/apploader/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "trusty_apploader",
     vendor: true,
diff --git a/trusty/confirmationui/Android.bp b/trusty/confirmationui/Android.bp
index 09d48ad..0922415 100644
--- a/trusty/confirmationui/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/confirmationui/Android.bp
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@
 // to only building on ARM if they include assembly. Individual makefiles
 // are responsible for having their own logic, for fine-grained control.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "android.hardware.confirmationui@1.0-service.trusty",
     relative_install_path: "hw",
diff --git a/trusty/confirmationui/TrustyApp.cpp b/trusty/confirmationui/TrustyApp.cpp
index 0e84b19..1e70a5e 100644
--- a/trusty/confirmationui/TrustyApp.cpp
+++ b/trusty/confirmationui/TrustyApp.cpp
@@ -107,11 +107,6 @@
         return;
     }
 
-    if (dma_buf < 0) {
-        LOG(ERROR) << AT << "failed to allocate shared memory buffer";
-        return;
-    }
-
     confirmationui_hdr hdr = {
         .cmd = CONFIRMATIONUI_CMD_INIT,
     };
diff --git a/trusty/confirmationui/fuzz/Android.bp b/trusty/confirmationui/fuzz/Android.bp
index 635966f..12bb70a 100644
--- a/trusty/confirmationui/fuzz/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/confirmationui/fuzz/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_fuzz {
     name: "trusty_confirmationui_fuzzer",
     defaults: ["trusty_fuzzer_defaults"],
diff --git a/trusty/coverage/Android.bp b/trusty/coverage/Android.bp
index daa6f03..fb30604 100644
--- a/trusty/coverage/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/coverage/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library {
     name: "libtrusty_coverage",
     vendor_available: true,
diff --git a/trusty/fuzz/Android.bp b/trusty/fuzz/Android.bp
index ad13816..c8c9fe9 100644
--- a/trusty/fuzz/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/fuzz/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_defaults {
     name: "trusty_fuzzer_defaults",
     shared_libs: [
diff --git a/trusty/fuzz/test/Android.bp b/trusty/fuzz/test/Android.bp
index 66e103d..932121a 100644
--- a/trusty/fuzz/test/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/fuzz/test/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_fuzz {
     name: "trusty_test_fuzzer",
     defaults: ["trusty_fuzzer_defaults"],
diff --git a/trusty/gatekeeper/Android.bp b/trusty/gatekeeper/Android.bp
index e553af1..81f012f 100644
--- a/trusty/gatekeeper/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/gatekeeper/Android.bp
@@ -19,6 +19,10 @@
 // to only building on ARM if they include assembly. Individual makefiles
 // are responsible for having their own logic, for fine-grained control.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "android.hardware.gatekeeper@1.0-service.trusty",
     defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
diff --git a/trusty/gatekeeper/fuzz/Android.bp b/trusty/gatekeeper/fuzz/Android.bp
index 7ffa776..6ff68b6 100644
--- a/trusty/gatekeeper/fuzz/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/gatekeeper/fuzz/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_fuzz {
     name: "trusty_gatekeeper_fuzzer",
     defaults: ["trusty_fuzzer_defaults"],
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/Android.bp b/trusty/keymaster/Android.bp
index 27e1a3f..6d24e84 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "android.hardware.keymaster@3.0-service.trusty",
     defaults: ["hidl_defaults"],
@@ -107,4 +111,3 @@
         "-Werror",
     ],
 }
-
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/fuzz/Android.bp b/trusty/keymaster/fuzz/Android.bp
index da9f9ec..93dc4eb 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/fuzz/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/fuzz/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_fuzz {
     name: "trusty_keymaster_fuzzer",
     defaults: ["trusty_fuzzer_defaults"],
diff --git a/trusty/libtrusty/Android.bp b/trusty/libtrusty/Android.bp
index e0161a5..086051d 100644
--- a/trusty/libtrusty/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/libtrusty/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_defaults {
     name: "libtrusty_defaults",
     srcs: ["trusty.c"],
diff --git a/trusty/libtrusty/tipc-test/Android.bp b/trusty/libtrusty/tipc-test/Android.bp
index 5e60d28..c7a8ae1 100644
--- a/trusty/libtrusty/tipc-test/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/libtrusty/tipc-test/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_test {
     name: "tipc-test",
     vendor: true,
diff --git a/trusty/secure_dpu/Android.bp b/trusty/secure_dpu/Android.bp
index 0d57cea..39dd0b9 100644
--- a/trusty/secure_dpu/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/secure_dpu/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_headers {
     name: "secure_dpu_headers",
     vendor: true,
diff --git a/trusty/storage/interface/Android.bp b/trusty/storage/interface/Android.bp
index 18b4a5f..d031b0c 100644
--- a/trusty/storage/interface/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/storage/interface/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_static {
     name: "libtrustystorageinterface",
     vendor: true,
diff --git a/trusty/storage/lib/Android.bp b/trusty/storage/lib/Android.bp
index 2fba17e..f28308b 100644
--- a/trusty/storage/lib/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/storage/lib/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_library_static {
     name: "libtrustystorage",
     vendor: true,
diff --git a/trusty/storage/proxy/Android.bp b/trusty/storage/proxy/Android.bp
index b93facb..a471435 100644
--- a/trusty/storage/proxy/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/storage/proxy/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "storageproxyd",
     vendor: true,
diff --git a/trusty/storage/tests/Android.bp b/trusty/storage/tests/Android.bp
index 536c3ca..891f543 100644
--- a/trusty/storage/tests/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/storage/tests/Android.bp
@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 //
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_test {
     name: "secure-storage-unit-test",
     vendor: true,
diff --git a/trusty/utils/rpmb_dev/Android.bp b/trusty/utils/rpmb_dev/Android.bp
index e923e82..c5853ef 100644
--- a/trusty/utils/rpmb_dev/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/utils/rpmb_dev/Android.bp
@@ -11,6 +11,16 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    // See: http://go/android-license-faq
+    // A large-scale-change added 'default_applicable_licenses' to import
+    // all of the 'license_kinds' from "system_core_trusty_license"
+    // to get the below license kinds:
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-Apache-2.0
+    //   SPDX-license-identifier-MIT
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["system_core_trusty_license"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "rpmb_dev",
     vendor: true,
diff --git a/trusty/utils/spiproxyd/Android.bp b/trusty/utils/spiproxyd/Android.bp
index c1d0987..81f3e73 100644
--- a/trusty/utils/spiproxyd/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/utils/spiproxyd/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "spiproxyd",
     vendor: true,
diff --git a/trusty/utils/trusty-ut-ctrl/Android.bp b/trusty/utils/trusty-ut-ctrl/Android.bp
index 664696a..6fc2a48 100644
--- a/trusty/utils/trusty-ut-ctrl/Android.bp
+++ b/trusty/utils/trusty-ut-ctrl/Android.bp
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "trusty-ut-ctrl",
     vendor: true,
diff --git a/usbd/Android.bp b/usbd/Android.bp
index 6a339a1..22d171d 100644
--- a/usbd/Android.bp
+++ b/usbd/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "usbd",
     init_rc: ["usbd.rc"],
diff --git a/watchdogd/Android.bp b/watchdogd/Android.bp
index 0fbc33c..0388208 100644
--- a/watchdogd/Android.bp
+++ b/watchdogd/Android.bp
@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+package {
+    default_applicable_licenses: ["Android-Apache-2.0"],
+}
+
 cc_binary {
     name: "watchdogd",
     recovery_available: true,