diff --git a/adb/client/commandline.cpp b/adb/client/commandline.cpp
index 6e143c1..e38e305 100644
--- a/adb/client/commandline.cpp
+++ b/adb/client/commandline.cpp
@@ -841,14 +841,19 @@
         return -1;
     }
 
-    std::string service = android::base::StringPrintf(
-        "sideload-host:%d:%d", static_cast<int>(sb.st_size), SIDELOAD_HOST_BLOCK_SIZE);
+    std::string service =
+            android::base::StringPrintf("sideload-host:%" PRId64 ":%d",
+                                        static_cast<int64_t>(sb.st_size), SIDELOAD_HOST_BLOCK_SIZE);
     std::string error;
     unique_fd device_fd(adb_connect(service, &error));
     if (device_fd < 0) {
-        // Try falling back to the older (<= K) sideload method. Maybe this
-        // is an older device that doesn't support sideload-host.
         fprintf(stderr, "adb: sideload connection failed: %s\n", error.c_str());
+
+        // If this is a small enough package, maybe this is an older device that doesn't
+        // support sideload-host. Try falling back to the older (<= K) sideload method.
+        if (sb.st_size > INT_MAX) {
+            return -1;
+        }
         fprintf(stderr, "adb: trying pre-KitKat sideload method...\n");
         return adb_sideload_legacy(filename, package_fd, static_cast<int>(sb.st_size));
     }
@@ -858,7 +863,7 @@
 
     char buf[SIDELOAD_HOST_BLOCK_SIZE];
 
-    size_t xfer = 0;
+    int64_t xfer = 0;
     int last_percent = -1;
     while (true) {
         if (!ReadFdExactly(device_fd, buf, 8)) {
@@ -874,20 +879,22 @@
             return 0;
         }
 
-        int block = strtol(buf, nullptr, 10);
-
-        size_t offset = block * SIDELOAD_HOST_BLOCK_SIZE;
-        if (offset >= static_cast<size_t>(sb.st_size)) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to read block %d past end\n", block);
+        int64_t block = strtoll(buf, nullptr, 10);
+        int64_t offset = block * SIDELOAD_HOST_BLOCK_SIZE;
+        if (offset >= static_cast<int64_t>(sb.st_size)) {
+            fprintf(stderr,
+                    "adb: failed to read block %" PRId64 " at offset %" PRId64 ", past end %" PRId64
+                    "\n",
+                    block, offset, static_cast<int64_t>(sb.st_size));
             return -1;
         }
 
         size_t to_write = SIDELOAD_HOST_BLOCK_SIZE;
-        if ((offset + SIDELOAD_HOST_BLOCK_SIZE) > static_cast<size_t>(sb.st_size)) {
+        if ((offset + SIDELOAD_HOST_BLOCK_SIZE) > static_cast<int64_t>(sb.st_size)) {
             to_write = sb.st_size - offset;
         }
 
-        if (adb_lseek(package_fd, offset, SEEK_SET) != static_cast<int>(offset)) {
+        if (adb_lseek(package_fd, offset, SEEK_SET) != offset) {
             fprintf(stderr, "adb: failed to seek to package block: %s\n", strerror(errno));
             return -1;
         }
diff --git a/adb/daemon/remount_service.cpp b/adb/daemon/remount_service.cpp
index cf4d294..ae02525 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/remount_service.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/remount_service.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/properties.h>
 #include <bootloader_message/bootloader_message.h>
 #include <cutils/android_reboot.h>
@@ -47,6 +48,8 @@
 #include "adb_utils.h"
 #include "set_verity_enable_state_service.h"
 
+using android::base::Realpath;
+
 // Returns the last device used to mount a directory in /proc/mounts.
 // This will find overlayfs entry where upperdir=lowerdir, to make sure
 // remount is associated with the correct directory.
@@ -55,9 +58,15 @@
     std::string mnt_fsname;
     if (!fp) return mnt_fsname;
 
+    // dir might be a symlink, e.g., /product -> /system/product in GSI.
+    std::string canonical_path;
+    if (!Realpath(dir, &canonical_path)) {
+        PLOG(ERROR) << "Realpath failed: " << dir;
+    }
+
     mntent* e;
     while ((e = getmntent(fp.get())) != nullptr) {
-        if (strcmp(dir, e->mnt_dir) == 0) {
+        if (canonical_path == e->mnt_dir) {
             mnt_fsname = e->mnt_fsname;
         }
     }
@@ -146,6 +155,10 @@
         return true;
     }
     bool is_root = strcmp(dir, "/") == 0;
+    if (is_root && !find_mount("/system", false).empty()) {
+        dir = "/system";
+        is_root = false;
+    }
     std::string dev = find_mount(dir, is_root);
     // Even if the device for the root is not found, we still try to remount it
     // as rw. This typically only happens when running Android in a container:
@@ -216,13 +229,19 @@
 
     // If we can use overlayfs, lets get it in place first
     // before we struggle with determining deduplication operations.
-    if (!verity_enabled && fs_mgr_overlayfs_setup() && fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all()) {
-        WriteFdExactly(fd.get(), "overlayfs mounted\n");
+    if (!verity_enabled && fs_mgr_overlayfs_setup()) {
+        std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
+                                                                   fs_mgr_free_fstab);
+        if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all(fstab.get())) {
+            WriteFdExactly(fd.get(), "overlayfs mounted\n");
+        }
     }
 
     // Find partitions that are deduplicated, and can be un-deduplicated.
     std::set<std::string> dedup;
-    for (const auto& partition : partitions) {
+    for (const auto& part : partitions) {
+        auto partition = part;
+        if ((part == "/") && !find_mount("/system", false).empty()) partition = "/system";
         std::string dev = find_mount(partition.c_str(), partition == "/");
         if (dev.empty() || !fs_mgr_has_shared_blocks(partition, dev)) {
             continue;
diff --git a/adb/daemon/services.cpp b/adb/daemon/services.cpp
index 8417690..2bac486 100644
--- a/adb/daemon/services.cpp
+++ b/adb/daemon/services.cpp
@@ -103,7 +103,9 @@
     if (reboot_arg.empty()) reboot_arg = "adb";
     std::string reboot_string = android::base::StringPrintf("reboot,%s", reboot_arg.c_str());
 
-    if (reboot_arg == "fastboot" && access("/dev/socket/recovery", F_OK) == 0) {
+    if (reboot_arg == "fastboot" &&
+        android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.boot.logical_partitions", false) &&
+        access("/dev/socket/recovery", F_OK) == 0) {
         LOG(INFO) << "Recovery specific reboot fastboot";
         /*
          * The socket is created to allow switching between recovery and
diff --git a/adb/fdevent.cpp b/adb/fdevent.cpp
index dee87bd..98a73eb 100644
--- a/adb/fdevent.cpp
+++ b/adb/fdevent.cpp
@@ -147,24 +147,34 @@
     return fde;
 }
 
-void fdevent_destroy(fdevent* fde) {
+unique_fd fdevent_release(fdevent* fde) {
     check_main_thread();
-    if (fde == nullptr) return;
+    if (!fde) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
     if (!(fde->state & FDE_CREATED)) {
         LOG(FATAL) << "destroying fde not created by fdevent_create(): " << dump_fde(fde);
     }
 
+    unique_fd result = std::move(fde->fd);
     if (fde->state & FDE_ACTIVE) {
-        g_poll_node_map.erase(fde->fd.get());
+        g_poll_node_map.erase(result.get());
+
         if (fde->state & FDE_PENDING) {
             g_pending_list.remove(fde);
         }
-        fde->fd.reset();
         fde->state = 0;
         fde->events = 0;
     }
 
     delete fde;
+    return result;
+}
+
+void fdevent_destroy(fdevent* fde) {
+    // Release, and then let unique_fd's destructor cleanup.
+    fdevent_release(fde);
 }
 
 static void fdevent_update(fdevent* fde, unsigned events) {
diff --git a/adb/fdevent.h b/adb/fdevent.h
index d501b86..df2339a 100644
--- a/adb/fdevent.h
+++ b/adb/fdevent.h
@@ -50,11 +50,12 @@
 */
 fdevent *fdevent_create(int fd, fd_func func, void *arg);
 
-/* Uninitialize and deallocate an fdevent object that was
-** created by fdevent_create()
-*/
+// Deallocate an fdevent object that was created by fdevent_create.
 void fdevent_destroy(fdevent *fde);
 
+// fdevent_destroy, except releasing the file descriptor previously owned by the fdevent.
+unique_fd fdevent_release(fdevent* fde);
+
 /* Change which events should cause notifications
 */
 void fdevent_set(fdevent *fde, unsigned events);
diff --git a/adb/sysdeps.h b/adb/sysdeps.h
index be0bdd0..b8d7e06 100644
--- a/adb/sysdeps.h
+++ b/adb/sysdeps.h
@@ -52,10 +52,11 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <io.h>
 #include <process.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <utime.h>
-#include <winsock2.h>
 #include <windows.h>
+#include <winsock2.h>
 #include <ws2tcpip.h>
 
 #include <memory>   // unique_ptr
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@
 extern int adb_creat(const char* path, int mode);
 extern int adb_read(int fd, void* buf, int len);
 extern int adb_write(int fd, const void* buf, int len);
-extern int adb_lseek(int fd, int pos, int where);
+extern int64_t adb_lseek(int fd, int64_t pos, int where);
 extern int adb_shutdown(int fd, int direction = SHUT_RDWR);
 extern int adb_close(int fd);
 extern int adb_register_socket(SOCKET s);
@@ -315,25 +316,24 @@
 
 #else /* !_WIN32 a.k.a. Unix */
 
-#include <cutils/sockets.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
-#include <poll.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/wait.h>
-
-#include <pthread.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
 #include <netdb.h>
 #include <netinet/in.h>
 #include <netinet/tcp.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 #include <string>
 
+#include <cutils/sockets.h>
+
 #define OS_PATH_SEPARATORS "/"
 #define OS_PATH_SEPARATOR '/'
 #define OS_PATH_SEPARATOR_STR "/"
@@ -443,12 +443,15 @@
 #undef   write
 #define  write  ___xxx_write
 
-static __inline__ int   adb_lseek(int  fd, int  pos, int  where)
-{
+static __inline__ int64_t adb_lseek(int fd, int64_t pos, int where) {
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
     return lseek(fd, pos, where);
+#else
+    return lseek64(fd, pos, where);
+#endif
 }
-#undef   lseek
-#define  lseek   ___xxx_lseek
+#undef lseek
+#define lseek ___xxx_lseek
 
 static __inline__  int    adb_unlink(const char*  path)
 {
diff --git a/adb/sysdeps_win32.cpp b/adb/sysdeps_win32.cpp
index 026dd1c..8784757 100644
--- a/adb/sysdeps_win32.cpp
+++ b/adb/sysdeps_win32.cpp
@@ -52,12 +52,11 @@
 
 typedef const struct FHClassRec_* FHClass;
 typedef struct FHRec_* FH;
-typedef struct EventHookRec_* EventHook;
 
 typedef struct FHClassRec_ {
     void (*_fh_init)(FH);
     int (*_fh_close)(FH);
-    int (*_fh_lseek)(FH, int, int);
+    int64_t (*_fh_lseek)(FH, int64_t, int);
     int (*_fh_read)(FH, void*, int);
     int (*_fh_write)(FH, const void*, int);
     int (*_fh_writev)(FH, const adb_iovec*, int);
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@
 
 static void _fh_file_init(FH);
 static int _fh_file_close(FH);
-static int _fh_file_lseek(FH, int, int);
+static int64_t _fh_file_lseek(FH, int64_t, int);
 static int _fh_file_read(FH, void*, int);
 static int _fh_file_write(FH, const void*, int);
 static int _fh_file_writev(FH, const adb_iovec*, int);
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@
 
 static void _fh_socket_init(FH);
 static int _fh_socket_close(FH);
-static int _fh_socket_lseek(FH, int, int);
+static int64_t _fh_socket_lseek(FH, int64_t, int);
 static int _fh_socket_read(FH, void*, int);
 static int _fh_socket_write(FH, const void*, int);
 static int _fh_socket_writev(FH, const adb_iovec*, int);
@@ -318,10 +317,8 @@
     return wrote_bytes;
 }
 
-static int _fh_file_lseek(FH f, int pos, int origin) {
+static int64_t _fh_file_lseek(FH f, int64_t pos, int origin) {
     DWORD method;
-    DWORD result;
-
     switch (origin) {
         case SEEK_SET:
             method = FILE_BEGIN;
@@ -337,14 +334,13 @@
             return -1;
     }
 
-    result = SetFilePointer(f->fh_handle, pos, nullptr, method);
-    if (result == INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER) {
+    LARGE_INTEGER li = {.QuadPart = pos};
+    if (!SetFilePointerEx(f->fh_handle, li, &li, method)) {
         errno = EIO;
         return -1;
-    } else {
-        f->eof = 0;
     }
-    return (int)result;
+    f->eof = 0;
+    return li.QuadPart;
 }
 
 /**************************************************************************/
@@ -491,14 +487,12 @@
     return f->clazz->_fh_writev(f, iov, iovcnt);
 }
 
-int adb_lseek(int fd, int pos, int where) {
+int64_t adb_lseek(int fd, int64_t pos, int where) {
     FH f = _fh_from_int(fd, __func__);
-
     if (!f) {
         errno = EBADF;
         return -1;
     }
-
     return f->clazz->_fh_lseek(f, pos, where);
 }
 
@@ -644,7 +638,7 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-static int _fh_socket_lseek(FH f, int pos, int origin) {
+static int64_t _fh_socket_lseek(FH f, int64_t pos, int origin) {
     errno = EPIPE;
     return -1;
 }
diff --git a/adb/test_device.py b/adb/test_device.py
old mode 100644
new mode 100755
index 9f45115..c3166ff
--- a/adb/test_device.py
+++ b/adb/test_device.py
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@
                 shutil.rmtree(host_dir)
 
     def test_push_empty(self):
-        """Push a directory containing an empty directory to the device."""
+        """Push an empty directory to the device."""
         self.device.shell(['rm', '-rf', self.DEVICE_TEMP_DIR])
         self.device.shell(['mkdir', self.DEVICE_TEMP_DIR])
 
@@ -767,9 +767,10 @@
 
             self.device.push(empty_dir_path, self.DEVICE_TEMP_DIR)
 
-            test_empty_cmd = ['[', '-d',
-                              os.path.join(self.DEVICE_TEMP_DIR, 'empty')]
+            remote_path = os.path.join(self.DEVICE_TEMP_DIR, "empty")
+            test_empty_cmd = ["[", "-d", remote_path, "]"]
             rc, _, _ = self.device.shell_nocheck(test_empty_cmd)
+
             self.assertEqual(rc, 0)
             self.device.shell(['rm', '-rf', self.DEVICE_TEMP_DIR])
         finally:
diff --git a/base/Android.bp b/base/Android.bp
index 3d80d97..daa820a 100644
--- a/base/Android.bp
+++ b/base/Android.bp
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@
         "test_utils.cpp",
     ],
 
+    cppflags: ["-Wexit-time-destructors"],
     shared_libs: ["liblog"],
     target: {
         android: {
@@ -68,13 +69,11 @@
             srcs: [
                 "errors_unix.cpp",
             ],
-            cppflags: ["-Wexit-time-destructors"],
         },
         darwin: {
             srcs: [
                 "errors_unix.cpp",
             ],
-            cppflags: ["-Wexit-time-destructors"],
         },
         linux_bionic: {
             enabled: true,
diff --git a/bootstat/bootstat.cpp b/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
index c17e00f..6700b6c 100644
--- a/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
+++ b/bootstat/bootstat.cpp
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@
     {"reboot,rescueparty", 90},
     {"charge", 91},
     {"oem_tz_crash", 92},
-    {"uvlo", 93},
+    {"uvlo", 93},  // aliasReasons converts to reboot,undervoltage
     {"oem_ps_hold", 94},
     {"abnormal_reset", 95},
     {"oemerr_unknown", 96},
@@ -248,9 +248,9 @@
     {"watchdog_nonsec", 102},
     {"watchdog_apps_bark", 103},
     {"reboot_dmverity_corrupted", 104},
-    {"reboot_smpl", 105},
+    {"reboot_smpl", 105},  // aliasReasons converts to reboot,powerloss
     {"watchdog_sdi_apps_reset", 106},
-    {"smpl", 107},
+    {"smpl", 107},  // aliasReasons converts to reboot,powerloss
     {"oem_modem_failed_to_powerup", 108},
     {"reboot_normal", 109},
     {"oem_lpass_cfg", 110},
@@ -262,8 +262,8 @@
     {"oem_rpm_undef_error", 116},
     {"oem_crash_on_the_lk", 117},
     {"oem_rpm_reset", 118},
-    {"REUSE1", 119},  // Former dupe, can be re-used
-    {"REUSE2", 120},  // Former dupe, can be re-used
+    {"reboot,powerloss", 119},
+    {"reboot,undervoltage", 120},
     {"factory_cable", 121},
     {"oem_ar6320_failed_to_powerup", 122},
     {"watchdog_rpm_bite", 123},
@@ -840,6 +840,8 @@
         {"reboot,tool", "tool_by_pass_pwk"},
         {"!reboot,longkey", "reboot_longkey"},
         {"!reboot,longkey", "kpdpwr"},
+        {"!reboot,undervoltage", "uvlo"},
+        {"!reboot,powerloss", "smpl"},
         {"bootloader", ""},
     };
 
diff --git a/debuggerd/crasher/crasher.cpp b/debuggerd/crasher/crasher.cpp
index f0fe1d0..f0bdfbf 100644
--- a/debuggerd/crasher/crasher.cpp
+++ b/debuggerd/crasher/crasher.cpp
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@
     // Prefixes.
     if (!strncmp(arg, "wait-", strlen("wait-"))) {
       char buf[1];
-      TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(STDIN_FILENO, buf, sizeof(buf)));
+      UNUSED(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(STDIN_FILENO, buf, sizeof(buf))));
       return do_action(arg + strlen("wait-"));
     } else if (!strncmp(arg, "exhaustfd-", strlen("exhaustfd-"))) {
       errno = 0;
@@ -258,10 +258,14 @@
       __assert("some_file.c", 123, "false");
     } else if (!strcasecmp(arg, "assert2")) {
       __assert2("some_file.c", 123, "some_function", "false");
+#if !defined(__clang_analyzer__)
     } else if (!strcasecmp(arg, "fortify")) {
+      // FORTIFY is disabled when running clang-tidy and other tools, so this
+      // shouldn't depend on internal implementation details of it.
       char buf[10];
       __read_chk(-1, buf, 32, 10);
       while (true) pause();
+#endif
     } else if (!strcasecmp(arg, "fdsan_file")) {
       FILE* f = fopen("/dev/null", "r");
       close(fileno(f));
diff --git a/fastboot/Android.bp b/fastboot/Android.bp
index 6b175af..50d18ed 100644
--- a/fastboot/Android.bp
+++ b/fastboot/Android.bp
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "android.hardware.boot@1.0",
         "android.hardware.fastboot@1.0",
+        "android.hardware.health@2.0",
         "libadbd",
         "libasyncio",
         "libbase",
@@ -139,6 +140,10 @@
         "libutils",
     ],
 
+    static_libs: [
+        "libhealthhalutils",
+    ],
+
     cpp_std: "c++17",
 }
 
@@ -202,7 +207,6 @@
     cpp_std: "c++17",
     srcs: [
         "bootimg_utils.cpp",
-        "engine.cpp",
         "fastboot.cpp",
         "fs.cpp",
         "socket.cpp",
diff --git a/fastboot/bootimg_utils.cpp b/fastboot/bootimg_utils.cpp
index 1152007..e433787 100644
--- a/fastboot/bootimg_utils.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/bootimg_utils.cpp
@@ -39,27 +39,27 @@
     strcpy(reinterpret_cast<char*>(h->cmdline), cmdline.c_str());
 }
 
-boot_img_hdr_v1* mkbootimg(void* kernel, int64_t kernel_size, void* ramdisk, int64_t ramdisk_size,
-                           void* second, int64_t second_size, size_t base,
-                           const boot_img_hdr_v1& src, int64_t* bootimg_size) {
+boot_img_hdr_v1* mkbootimg(const std::vector<char>& kernel, const std::vector<char>& ramdisk,
+                           const std::vector<char>& second, size_t base, const boot_img_hdr_v1& src,
+                           std::vector<char>* out) {
     const size_t page_mask = src.page_size - 1;
 
     int64_t header_actual = (sizeof(boot_img_hdr_v1) + page_mask) & (~page_mask);
-    int64_t kernel_actual = (kernel_size + page_mask) & (~page_mask);
-    int64_t ramdisk_actual = (ramdisk_size + page_mask) & (~page_mask);
-    int64_t second_actual = (second_size + page_mask) & (~page_mask);
+    int64_t kernel_actual = (kernel.size() + page_mask) & (~page_mask);
+    int64_t ramdisk_actual = (ramdisk.size() + page_mask) & (~page_mask);
+    int64_t second_actual = (second.size() + page_mask) & (~page_mask);
 
-    *bootimg_size = header_actual + kernel_actual + ramdisk_actual + second_actual;
+    int64_t bootimg_size = header_actual + kernel_actual + ramdisk_actual + second_actual;
+    out->resize(bootimg_size);
 
-    boot_img_hdr_v1* hdr = reinterpret_cast<boot_img_hdr_v1*>(calloc(*bootimg_size, 1));
-    if (hdr == nullptr) die("couldn't allocate boot image: %" PRId64 " bytes", *bootimg_size);
+    boot_img_hdr_v1* hdr = reinterpret_cast<boot_img_hdr_v1*>(out->data());
 
     *hdr = src;
     memcpy(hdr->magic, BOOT_MAGIC, BOOT_MAGIC_SIZE);
 
-    hdr->kernel_size =  kernel_size;
-    hdr->ramdisk_size = ramdisk_size;
-    hdr->second_size =  second_size;
+    hdr->kernel_size = kernel.size();
+    hdr->ramdisk_size = ramdisk.size();
+    hdr->second_size = second.size();
 
     hdr->kernel_addr += base;
     hdr->ramdisk_addr += base;
@@ -70,8 +70,9 @@
         hdr->header_size = sizeof(boot_img_hdr_v1);
     }
 
-    memcpy(hdr->magic + hdr->page_size, kernel, kernel_size);
-    memcpy(hdr->magic + hdr->page_size + kernel_actual, ramdisk, ramdisk_size);
-    memcpy(hdr->magic + hdr->page_size + kernel_actual + ramdisk_actual, second, second_size);
+    memcpy(hdr->magic + hdr->page_size, kernel.data(), kernel.size());
+    memcpy(hdr->magic + hdr->page_size + kernel_actual, ramdisk.data(), ramdisk.size());
+    memcpy(hdr->magic + hdr->page_size + kernel_actual + ramdisk_actual, second.data(),
+           second.size());
     return hdr;
 }
diff --git a/fastboot/bootimg_utils.h b/fastboot/bootimg_utils.h
index fe805b0..a4e8870 100644
--- a/fastboot/bootimg_utils.h
+++ b/fastboot/bootimg_utils.h
@@ -33,8 +33,9 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
-boot_img_hdr_v1* mkbootimg(void* kernel, int64_t kernel_size, void* ramdisk, int64_t ramdisk_size,
-                           void* second, int64_t second_size, size_t base,
-                           const boot_img_hdr_v1& src, int64_t* bootimg_size);
+boot_img_hdr_v1* mkbootimg(const std::vector<char>& kernel, const std::vector<char>& ramdisk,
+                           const std::vector<char>& second, size_t base, const boot_img_hdr_v1& src,
+                           std::vector<char>* out);
 void bootimg_set_cmdline(boot_img_hdr_v1* h, const std::string& cmdline);
diff --git a/fastboot/constants.h b/fastboot/constants.h
index 57e25fc..2eaf006 100644
--- a/fastboot/constants.h
+++ b/fastboot/constants.h
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #define FB_CMD_DELETE_PARTITION "delete-logical-partition"
 #define FB_CMD_RESIZE_PARTITION "resize-logical-partition"
 #define FB_CMD_UPDATE_SUPER "update-super"
+#define FB_CMD_OEM "oem"
 
 #define RESPONSE_OKAY "OKAY"
 #define RESPONSE_FAIL "FAIL"
@@ -59,3 +60,6 @@
 #define FB_VAR_IS_LOGICAL "is-logical"
 #define FB_VAR_IS_USERSPACE "is-userspace"
 #define FB_VAR_HW_REVISION "hw-revision"
+#define FB_VAR_VARIANT "variant"
+#define FB_VAR_OFF_MODE_CHARGE_STATE "off-mode-charge"
+#define FB_VAR_BATTERY_VOLTAGE "battery-voltage"
diff --git a/fastboot/device/commands.cpp b/fastboot/device/commands.cpp
index 0ec0994..b02d968 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/commands.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/device/commands.cpp
@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@
 using ::android::hardware::boot::V1_0::BoolResult;
 using ::android::hardware::boot::V1_0::CommandResult;
 using ::android::hardware::boot::V1_0::Slot;
+using ::android::hardware::fastboot::V1_0::Result;
+using ::android::hardware::fastboot::V1_0::Status;
+
 using namespace android::fs_mgr;
 
 struct VariableHandlers {
@@ -79,6 +82,7 @@
             {FB_VAR_VERSION_BASEBAND, {GetBasebandVersion, nullptr}},
             {FB_VAR_PRODUCT, {GetProduct, nullptr}},
             {FB_VAR_SERIALNO, {GetSerial, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_VARIANT, {GetVariant, nullptr}},
             {FB_VAR_SECURE, {GetSecure, nullptr}},
             {FB_VAR_UNLOCKED, {GetUnlocked, nullptr}},
             {FB_VAR_MAX_DOWNLOAD_SIZE, {GetMaxDownloadSize, nullptr}},
@@ -91,6 +95,8 @@
             {FB_VAR_PARTITION_TYPE, {GetPartitionType, GetAllPartitionArgsWithSlot}},
             {FB_VAR_IS_LOGICAL, {GetPartitionIsLogical, GetAllPartitionArgsWithSlot}},
             {FB_VAR_IS_USERSPACE, {GetIsUserspace, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_OFF_MODE_CHARGE_STATE, {GetOffModeChargeState, nullptr}},
+            {FB_VAR_BATTERY_VOLTAGE, {GetBatteryVoltage, nullptr}},
             {FB_VAR_HW_REVISION, {GetHardwareRevision, nullptr}}};
 
     if (args.size() < 2) {
@@ -133,6 +139,24 @@
     return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Erasing failed");
 }
 
+bool OemCmdHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
+    auto fastboot_hal = device->fastboot_hal();
+    if (!fastboot_hal) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Unable to open fastboot HAL");
+    }
+
+    Result ret;
+    auto ret_val = fastboot_hal->doOemCommand(args[0], [&](Result result) { ret = result; });
+    if (!ret_val.isOk()) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Unable to do OEM command");
+    }
+    if (ret.status != Status::SUCCESS) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, ret.message);
+    }
+
+    return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::OKAY, ret.message);
+}
+
 bool DownloadHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args) {
     if (args.size() < 2) {
         return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "size argument unspecified");
@@ -159,6 +183,12 @@
     if (args.size() < 2) {
         return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Invalid arguments");
     }
+
+    if (GetDeviceLockStatus()) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL,
+                                   "Flashing is not allowed on locked devices");
+    }
+
     int ret = Flash(device, args[1]);
     if (ret < 0) {
         return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, strerror(-ret));
@@ -304,6 +334,10 @@
         return device->WriteFail("Invalid partition name and size");
     }
 
+    if (GetDeviceLockStatus()) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Command not available on locked devices");
+    }
+
     uint64_t partition_size;
     std::string partition_name = args[1];
     if (!android::base::ParseUint(args[2].c_str(), &partition_size)) {
@@ -344,6 +378,10 @@
         return device->WriteFail("Invalid partition name and size");
     }
 
+    if (GetDeviceLockStatus()) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Command not available on locked devices");
+    }
+
     PartitionBuilder builder(device);
     if (!builder.Valid()) {
         return device->WriteFail("Could not open super partition");
@@ -360,6 +398,10 @@
         return device->WriteFail("Invalid partition name and size");
     }
 
+    if (GetDeviceLockStatus()) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Command not available on locked devices");
+    }
+
     uint64_t partition_size;
     std::string partition_name = args[1];
     if (!android::base::ParseUint(args[2].c_str(), &partition_size)) {
@@ -388,6 +430,11 @@
     if (args.size() < 2) {
         return device->WriteFail("Invalid arguments");
     }
+
+    if (GetDeviceLockStatus()) {
+        return device->WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Command not available on locked devices");
+    }
+
     bool wipe = (args.size() >= 3 && args[2] == "wipe");
     return UpdateSuper(device, args[1], wipe);
 }
diff --git a/fastboot/device/commands.h b/fastboot/device/commands.h
index 4778d23..9df43a9 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/commands.h
+++ b/fastboot/device/commands.h
@@ -45,3 +45,4 @@
 bool DeletePartitionHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
 bool ResizePartitionHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
 bool UpdateSuperHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
+bool OemCmdHandler(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args);
diff --git a/fastboot/device/fastboot_device.cpp b/fastboot/device/fastboot_device.cpp
index ae2e7a6..b843c05 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/fastboot_device.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/device/fastboot_device.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android/hardware/boot/1.0/IBootControl.h>
 #include <android/hardware/fastboot/1.0/IFastboot.h>
+#include <healthhalutils/HealthHalUtils.h>
+
 #include <algorithm>
 
 #include "constants.h"
@@ -30,6 +32,8 @@
 using ::android::hardware::boot::V1_0::IBootControl;
 using ::android::hardware::boot::V1_0::Slot;
 using ::android::hardware::fastboot::V1_0::IFastboot;
+using ::android::hardware::health::V2_0::get_health_service;
+
 namespace sph = std::placeholders;
 
 FastbootDevice::FastbootDevice()
@@ -48,9 +52,11 @@
               {FB_CMD_DELETE_PARTITION, DeletePartitionHandler},
               {FB_CMD_RESIZE_PARTITION, ResizePartitionHandler},
               {FB_CMD_UPDATE_SUPER, UpdateSuperHandler},
+              {FB_CMD_OEM, OemCmdHandler},
       }),
       transport_(std::make_unique<ClientUsbTransport>()),
       boot_control_hal_(IBootControl::getService()),
+      health_hal_(get_health_service()),
       fastboot_hal_(IFastboot::getService()) {}
 
 FastbootDevice::~FastbootDevice() {
@@ -120,10 +126,20 @@
         command[bytes_read] = '\0';
 
         LOG(INFO) << "Fastboot command: " << command;
-        auto args = android::base::Split(command, ":");
-        auto found_command = kCommandMap.find(args[0]);
+
+        std::vector<std::string> args;
+        std::string cmd_name;
+        if (android::base::StartsWith(command, "oem ")) {
+            args = {command};
+            cmd_name = "oem";
+        } else {
+            args = android::base::Split(command, ":");
+            cmd_name = args[0];
+        }
+
+        auto found_command = kCommandMap.find(cmd_name);
         if (found_command == kCommandMap.end()) {
-            WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Unrecognized command");
+            WriteStatus(FastbootResult::FAIL, "Unrecognized command " + args[0]);
             continue;
         }
         if (!found_command->second(this, args)) {
diff --git a/fastboot/device/fastboot_device.h b/fastboot/device/fastboot_device.h
index 189cf80..2eb7177 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/fastboot_device.h
+++ b/fastboot/device/fastboot_device.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 #include <android/hardware/boot/1.0/IBootControl.h>
 #include <android/hardware/fastboot/1.0/IFastboot.h>
+#include <android/hardware/health/2.0/IHealth.h>
 
 #include "commands.h"
 #include "transport.h"
@@ -53,12 +54,14 @@
     android::sp<android::hardware::fastboot::V1_0::IFastboot> fastboot_hal() {
         return fastboot_hal_;
     }
+    android::sp<android::hardware::health::V2_0::IHealth> health_hal() { return health_hal_; }
 
   private:
     const std::unordered_map<std::string, CommandHandler> kCommandMap;
 
     std::unique_ptr<Transport> transport_;
     android::sp<android::hardware::boot::V1_0::IBootControl> boot_control_hal_;
+    android::sp<android::hardware::health::V2_0::IHealth> health_hal_;
     android::sp<android::hardware::fastboot::V1_0::IFastboot> fastboot_hal_;
     std::vector<char> download_data_;
 };
diff --git a/fastboot/device/utility.cpp b/fastboot/device/utility.cpp
index 261a202..02f6f2c 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/utility.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/device/utility.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include <android-base/file.h>
 #include <android-base/logging.h>
 #include <fs_mgr_dm_linear.h>
 #include <liblp/liblp.h>
@@ -159,3 +160,9 @@
     }
     return partitions;
 }
+
+bool GetDeviceLockStatus() {
+    std::string cmdline;
+    android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/cmdline", &cmdline);
+    return cmdline.find("androidboot.verifiedbootstate=orange") == std::string::npos;
+}
diff --git a/fastboot/device/utility.h b/fastboot/device/utility.h
index 4f0d079..bb08f72 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/utility.h
+++ b/fastboot/device/utility.h
@@ -58,3 +58,4 @@
 bool OpenPartition(FastbootDevice* device, const std::string& name, PartitionHandle* handle);
 bool GetSlotNumber(const std::string& slot, android::hardware::boot::V1_0::Slot* number);
 std::vector<std::string> ListPartitions(FastbootDevice* device);
+bool GetDeviceLockStatus();
diff --git a/fastboot/device/variables.cpp b/fastboot/device/variables.cpp
index 7535248..01415d7 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/variables.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/device/variables.cpp
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <ext4_utils/ext4_utils.h>
+#include <healthhalutils/HealthHalUtils.h>
 
 #include "fastboot_device.h"
 #include "flashing.h"
@@ -74,6 +75,73 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+bool GetVariant(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                std::string* message) {
+    auto fastboot_hal = device->fastboot_hal();
+    if (!fastboot_hal) {
+        *message = "Fastboot HAL not found";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Result ret;
+    auto ret_val = fastboot_hal->getVariant([&](std::string device_variant, Result result) {
+        *message = device_variant;
+        ret = result;
+    });
+    if (!ret_val.isOk() || ret.status != Status::SUCCESS) {
+        *message = "Unable to get device variant";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GetOffModeChargeState(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                           std::string* message) {
+    auto fastboot_hal = device->fastboot_hal();
+    if (!fastboot_hal) {
+        *message = "Fastboot HAL not found";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Result ret;
+    auto ret_val =
+            fastboot_hal->getOffModeChargeState([&](bool off_mode_charging_state, Result result) {
+                *message = off_mode_charging_state ? "1" : "0";
+                ret = result;
+            });
+    if (!ret_val.isOk() || (ret.status != Status::SUCCESS)) {
+        *message = "Unable to get off mode charge state";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool GetBatteryVoltage(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
+                       std::string* message) {
+    using android::hardware::health::V2_0::HealthInfo;
+    using android::hardware::health::V2_0::Result;
+
+    auto health_hal = device->health_hal();
+    if (!health_hal) {
+        *message = "Health HAL not found";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    Result ret;
+    auto ret_val = health_hal->getHealthInfo([&](Result result, HealthInfo info) {
+        *message = std::to_string(info.legacy.batteryVoltage);
+        ret = result;
+    });
+    if (!ret_val.isOk() || (ret != Result::SUCCESS)) {
+        *message = "Unable to get battery voltage";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 bool GetCurrentSlot(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
                     std::string* message) {
     std::string suffix = device->GetCurrentSlot();
@@ -148,7 +216,7 @@
 
 bool GetUnlocked(FastbootDevice* /* device */, const std::vector<std::string>& /* args */,
                  std::string* message) {
-    *message = "yes";
+    *message = GetDeviceLockStatus() ? "no" : "yes";
     return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/fastboot/device/variables.h b/fastboot/device/variables.h
index 63f2670..e7c3c7c 100644
--- a/fastboot/device/variables.h
+++ b/fastboot/device/variables.h
@@ -52,7 +52,11 @@
                     std::string* message);
 bool GetHardwareRevision(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
                          std::string* message);
-
+bool GetVariant(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args, std::string* message);
+bool GetOffModeChargeState(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                           std::string* message);
+bool GetBatteryVoltage(FastbootDevice* device, const std::vector<std::string>& args,
+                       std::string* message);
 // Helpers for getvar all.
 std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> GetAllPartitionArgsWithSlot(FastbootDevice* device);
 std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> GetAllPartitionArgsNoSlot(FastbootDevice* device);
diff --git a/fastboot/engine.cpp b/fastboot/engine.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 0ac57af..0000000
--- a/fastboot/engine.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,272 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
- *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- *    distribution.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
- * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
- * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
- * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
- * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
- * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
- * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
- * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-#include "engine.h"
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <memory>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <android-base/stringprintf.h>
-
-#include "constants.h"
-#include "transport.h"
-
-using android::base::StringPrintf;
-
-static fastboot::FastBootDriver* fb = nullptr;
-
-void fb_init(fastboot::FastBootDriver& fbi) {
-    fb = &fbi;
-    auto cb = [](std::string& info) { fprintf(stderr, "(bootloader) %s\n", info.c_str()); };
-    fb->SetInfoCallback(cb);
-}
-
-void fb_reinit(Transport* transport) {
-    if (Transport* old_transport = fb->set_transport(transport)) {
-        delete old_transport;
-    }
-}
-
-const std::string fb_get_error() {
-    return fb->Error();
-}
-
-bool fb_getvar(const std::string& key, std::string* value) {
-    return !fb->GetVar(key, value);
-}
-
-static void HandleResult(double start, int status) {
-    if (status) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "FAILED (%s)\n", fb->Error().c_str());
-        die("Command failed");
-    } else {
-        double split = now();
-        fprintf(stderr, "OKAY [%7.3fs]\n", (split - start));
-    }
-}
-
-#define RUN_COMMAND(command)         \
-    {                                \
-        double start = now();        \
-        auto status = (command);     \
-        HandleResult(start, status); \
-    }
-
-void fb_set_active(const std::string& slot) {
-    Status("Setting current slot to '" + slot + "'");
-    RUN_COMMAND(fb->SetActive(slot));
-}
-
-void fb_erase(const std::string& partition) {
-    Status("Erasing '" + partition + "'");
-    RUN_COMMAND(fb->Erase(partition));
-}
-
-void fb_flash_fd(const std::string& partition, int fd, uint32_t sz) {
-    Status(StringPrintf("Sending '%s' (%u KB)", partition.c_str(), sz / 1024));
-    RUN_COMMAND(fb->Download(fd, sz));
-
-    Status("Writing '" + partition + "'");
-    RUN_COMMAND(fb->Flash(partition));
-}
-
-void fb_flash(const std::string& partition, void* data, uint32_t sz) {
-    Status(StringPrintf("Sending '%s' (%u KB)", partition.c_str(), sz / 1024));
-    RUN_COMMAND(fb->Download(static_cast<char*>(data), sz));
-
-    Status("Writing '" + partition + "'");
-    RUN_COMMAND(fb->Flash(partition));
-}
-
-void fb_flash_sparse(const std::string& partition, struct sparse_file* s, uint32_t sz,
-                     size_t current, size_t total) {
-    Status(StringPrintf("Sending sparse '%s' %zu/%zu (%u KB)", partition.c_str(), current, total,
-                        sz / 1024));
-    RUN_COMMAND(fb->Download(s));
-
-    Status(StringPrintf("Writing sparse '%s' %zu/%zu", partition.c_str(), current, total));
-    RUN_COMMAND(fb->Flash(partition));
-}
-
-void fb_create_partition(const std::string& partition, const std::string& size) {
-    Status("Creating '" + partition + "'");
-    RUN_COMMAND(fb->RawCommand(FB_CMD_CREATE_PARTITION ":" + partition + ":" + size));
-}
-
-void fb_delete_partition(const std::string& partition) {
-    Status("Deleting '" + partition + "'");
-    RUN_COMMAND(fb->RawCommand(FB_CMD_DELETE_PARTITION ":" + partition));
-}
-
-void fb_resize_partition(const std::string& partition, const std::string& size) {
-    Status("Resizing '" + partition + "'");
-    RUN_COMMAND(fb->RawCommand(FB_CMD_RESIZE_PARTITION ":" + partition + ":" + size));
-}
-
-static int match(const char* str, const char** value, unsigned count) {
-    unsigned n;
-
-    for (n = 0; n < count; n++) {
-        const char *val = value[n];
-        int len = strlen(val);
-        int match;
-
-        if ((len > 1) && (val[len-1] == '*')) {
-            len--;
-            match = !strncmp(val, str, len);
-        } else {
-            match = !strcmp(val, str);
-        }
-
-        if (match) return 1;
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-void fb_require(const std::string& product, const std::string& var, bool invert, size_t count,
-                const char** values) {
-    Status("Checking '" + var + "'");
-
-    double start = now();
-
-    std::string var_value;
-    auto status = fb->GetVar(var, &var_value);
-
-    if (status) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "getvar:%s FAILED (%s)\n", var.c_str(), fb->Error().c_str());
-        die("requirements not met!");
-    }
-
-    if (!product.empty()) {
-        if (product != cur_product) {
-            double split = now();
-            fprintf(stderr, "IGNORE, product is %s required only for %s [%7.3fs]\n", cur_product,
-                    product.c_str(), (split - start));
-            return;
-        }
-    }
-
-    int yes = match(var_value.c_str(), values, count);
-    if (invert) yes = !yes;
-
-    if (yes) {
-        double split = now();
-        fprintf(stderr, "OKAY [%7.3fs]\n", (split - start));
-        return;
-    }
-
-    fprintf(stderr, "FAILED\n\n");
-    fprintf(stderr, "Device %s is '%s'.\n", var.c_str(), var_value.c_str());
-    fprintf(stderr, "Update %s '%s'", invert ? "rejects" : "requires", values[0]);
-    for (size_t n = 1; n < count; n++) {
-        fprintf(stderr, " or '%s'", values[n]);
-    }
-    fprintf(stderr, ".\n\n");
-    die("requirements not met!");
-}
-
-void fb_display(const std::string& label, const std::string& var) {
-    std::string value;
-    auto status = fb->GetVar(var, &value);
-
-    if (status) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "getvar:%s FAILED (%s)\n", var.c_str(), fb->Error().c_str());
-        return;
-    }
-    fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", label.c_str(), value.c_str());
-}
-
-void fb_query_save(const std::string& var, char* dest, uint32_t dest_size) {
-    std::string value;
-    auto status = fb->GetVar(var, &value);
-
-    if (status) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "getvar:%s FAILED (%s)\n", var.c_str(), fb->Error().c_str());
-        return;
-    }
-
-    strncpy(dest, value.c_str(), dest_size);
-}
-
-void fb_reboot() {
-    fprintf(stderr, "Rebooting");
-    fb->Reboot();
-    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-}
-
-void fb_command(const std::string& cmd, const std::string& msg) {
-    Status(msg);
-    RUN_COMMAND(fb->RawCommand(cmd));
-}
-
-void fb_download(const std::string& name, void* data, uint32_t size) {
-    Status("Downloading '" + name + "'");
-    RUN_COMMAND(fb->Download(static_cast<char*>(data), size));
-}
-
-void fb_download_fd(const std::string& name, int fd, uint32_t sz) {
-    Status(StringPrintf("Sending '%s' (%u KB)", name.c_str(), sz / 1024));
-    RUN_COMMAND(fb->Download(fd, sz));
-}
-
-void fb_upload(const std::string& outfile) {
-    Status("Uploading '" + outfile + "'");
-    RUN_COMMAND(fb->Upload(outfile));
-}
-
-void fb_notice(const std::string& notice) {
-    Status(notice);
-    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-}
-
-void fb_wait_for_disconnect() {
-    fb->WaitForDisconnect();
-}
-
-bool fb_reboot_to_userspace() {
-    Status("Rebooting to userspace fastboot");
-    verbose("\n");
-
-    if (fb->RebootTo("fastboot") != fastboot::RetCode::SUCCESS) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "FAILED (%s)\n", fb->Error().c_str());
-        return false;
-    }
-    fprintf(stderr, "OKAY\n");
-
-    fb_reinit(nullptr);
-    return true;
-}
diff --git a/fastboot/engine.h b/fastboot/engine.h
deleted file mode 100644
index d78cb13..0000000
--- a/fastboot/engine.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
- *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
- *    distribution.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
- * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
- * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
- * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
- * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
- * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
- * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
- * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
- * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
- * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
- * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-
-#include <string>
-
-#include <bootimg.h>
-#include "fastboot_driver.h"
-#include "util.h"
-
-#include "constants.h"
-
-class Transport;
-struct sparse_file;
-
-const std::string fb_get_error();
-
-void fb_init(fastboot::FastBootDriver& fbi);
-void fb_reinit(Transport* transport);
-
-bool fb_getvar(const std::string& key, std::string* value);
-void fb_flash(const std::string& partition, void* data, uint32_t sz);
-void fb_flash_fd(const std::string& partition, int fd, uint32_t sz);
-void fb_flash_sparse(const std::string& partition, struct sparse_file* s, uint32_t sz,
-                     size_t current, size_t total);
-void fb_erase(const std::string& partition);
-void fb_require(const std::string& prod, const std::string& var, bool invert, size_t nvalues,
-                const char** values);
-void fb_display(const std::string& label, const std::string& var);
-void fb_query_save(const std::string& var, char* dest, uint32_t dest_size);
-void fb_reboot();
-void fb_command(const std::string& cmd, const std::string& msg);
-void fb_download(const std::string& name, void* data, uint32_t size);
-void fb_download_fd(const std::string& name, int fd, uint32_t sz);
-void fb_upload(const std::string& outfile);
-void fb_notice(const std::string& notice);
-void fb_wait_for_disconnect(void);
-void fb_create_partition(const std::string& partition, const std::string& size);
-void fb_delete_partition(const std::string& partition);
-void fb_resize_partition(const std::string& partition, const std::string& size);
-void fb_set_active(const std::string& slot);
-bool fb_reboot_to_userspace();
-
-/* Current product */
-extern char cur_product[FB_RESPONSE_SZ + 1];
-
-class FastBootTool {
-  public:
-    int Main(int argc, char* argv[]);
-
-    void ParseOsPatchLevel(boot_img_hdr_v1*, const char*);
-    void ParseOsVersion(boot_img_hdr_v1*, const char*);
-};
diff --git a/fastboot/fastboot.cpp b/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
index 8e6c125..5962650 100644
--- a/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fastboot.cpp
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@
  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  */
 
+#include "fastboot.h"
+
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -43,6 +45,7 @@
 
 #include <chrono>
 #include <functional>
+#include <regex>
 #include <thread>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
@@ -62,21 +65,23 @@
 
 #include "bootimg_utils.h"
 #include "diagnose_usb.h"
-#include "engine.h"
+#include "fastboot_driver.h"
 #include "fs.h"
 #include "tcp.h"
 #include "transport.h"
 #include "udp.h"
 #include "usb.h"
+#include "util.h"
 
+using android::base::ReadFully;
+using android::base::Split;
+using android::base::Trim;
 using android::base::unique_fd;
 
 #ifndef O_BINARY
 #define O_BINARY 0
 #endif
 
-char cur_product[FB_RESPONSE_SZ + 1];
-
 static const char* serial = nullptr;
 
 static bool g_long_listing = false;
@@ -96,6 +101,8 @@
 
 static const std::string convert_fbe_marker_filename("convert_fbe");
 
+fastboot::FastBootDriver* fb = nullptr;
+
 enum fb_buffer_type {
     FB_BUFFER_FD,
     FB_BUFFER_SPARSE,
@@ -177,40 +184,46 @@
     return "";
 }
 
+double last_start_time;
+
+static void Status(const std::string& message) {
+    static constexpr char kStatusFormat[] = "%-50s ";
+    fprintf(stderr, kStatusFormat, message.c_str());
+    last_start_time = now();
+}
+
+static void Epilog(int status) {
+    if (status) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "FAILED (%s)\n", fb->Error().c_str());
+        die("Command failed");
+    } else {
+        double split = now();
+        fprintf(stderr, "OKAY [%7.3fs]\n", (split - last_start_time));
+    }
+}
+
+static void InfoMessage(const std::string& info) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "(bootloader) %s\n", info.c_str());
+}
+
 static int64_t get_file_size(int fd) {
     struct stat sb;
-    return fstat(fd, &sb) == -1 ? -1 : sb.st_size;
+    if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1) {
+        die("could not get file size");
+    }
+    return sb.st_size;
 }
 
-static void* load_fd(int fd, int64_t* sz) {
-    int errno_tmp;
-    char* data = nullptr;
+bool ReadFileToVector(const std::string& file, std::vector<char>* out) {
+    out->clear();
 
-    *sz = get_file_size(fd);
-    if (*sz < 0) {
-        goto oops;
+    unique_fd fd(TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(file.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_BINARY)));
+    if (fd == -1) {
+        return false;
     }
 
-    data = (char*) malloc(*sz);
-    if (data == nullptr) goto oops;
-
-    if(read(fd, data, *sz) != *sz) goto oops;
-    close(fd);
-
-    return data;
-
-oops:
-    errno_tmp = errno;
-    close(fd);
-    if(data != 0) free(data);
-    errno = errno_tmp;
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static void* load_file(const std::string& path, int64_t* sz) {
-    int fd = open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
-    if (fd == -1) return nullptr;
-    return load_fd(fd, sz);
+    out->resize(get_file_size(fd));
+    return ReadFully(fd, out->data(), out->size());
 }
 
 static int match_fastboot_with_serial(usb_ifc_info* info, const char* local_serial) {
@@ -418,70 +431,71 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void* load_bootable_image(const std::string& kernel, const std::string& ramdisk,
-                                 const std::string& second_stage, int64_t* sz) {
-    int64_t ksize;
-    void* kdata = load_file(kernel.c_str(), &ksize);
-    if (kdata == nullptr) die("cannot load '%s': %s", kernel.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+static std::vector<char> LoadBootableImage(const std::string& kernel, const std::string& ramdisk,
+                                           const std::string& second_stage) {
+    std::vector<char> kernel_data;
+    if (!ReadFileToVector(kernel, &kernel_data)) {
+        die("cannot load '%s': %s", kernel.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+    }
 
     // Is this actually a boot image?
-    if (ksize < static_cast<int64_t>(sizeof(boot_img_hdr_v1))) {
+    if (kernel_data.size() < sizeof(boot_img_hdr_v1)) {
         die("cannot load '%s': too short", kernel.c_str());
     }
-    if (!memcmp(kdata, BOOT_MAGIC, BOOT_MAGIC_SIZE)) {
+    if (!memcmp(kernel_data.data(), BOOT_MAGIC, BOOT_MAGIC_SIZE)) {
         if (!g_cmdline.empty()) {
-            bootimg_set_cmdline(reinterpret_cast<boot_img_hdr_v1*>(kdata), g_cmdline);
+            bootimg_set_cmdline(reinterpret_cast<boot_img_hdr_v1*>(kernel_data.data()), g_cmdline);
         }
 
         if (!ramdisk.empty()) die("cannot boot a boot.img *and* ramdisk");
 
-        *sz = ksize;
-        return kdata;
+        return kernel_data;
     }
 
-    void* rdata = nullptr;
-    int64_t rsize = 0;
+    std::vector<char> ramdisk_data;
     if (!ramdisk.empty()) {
-        rdata = load_file(ramdisk.c_str(), &rsize);
-        if (rdata == nullptr) die("cannot load '%s': %s", ramdisk.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+        if (!ReadFileToVector(ramdisk, &ramdisk_data)) {
+            die("cannot load '%s': %s", ramdisk.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+        }
     }
 
-    void* sdata = nullptr;
-    int64_t ssize = 0;
+    std::vector<char> second_stage_data;
     if (!second_stage.empty()) {
-        sdata = load_file(second_stage.c_str(), &ssize);
-        if (sdata == nullptr) die("cannot load '%s': %s", second_stage.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+        if (!ReadFileToVector(second_stage, &second_stage_data)) {
+            die("cannot load '%s': %s", second_stage.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+        }
     }
-
     fprintf(stderr,"creating boot image...\n");
-    boot_img_hdr_v1* bdata = mkbootimg(kdata, ksize, rdata, rsize, sdata, ssize,
-                                       g_base_addr, g_boot_img_hdr, sz);
-    if (bdata == nullptr) die("failed to create boot.img");
 
-    if (!g_cmdline.empty()) bootimg_set_cmdline(bdata, g_cmdline);
-    fprintf(stderr, "creating boot image - %" PRId64 " bytes\n", *sz);
+    std::vector<char> out;
+    boot_img_hdr_v1* boot_image_data = mkbootimg(kernel_data, ramdisk_data, second_stage_data,
+                                                 g_base_addr, g_boot_img_hdr, &out);
 
-    return bdata;
+    if (!g_cmdline.empty()) bootimg_set_cmdline(boot_image_data, g_cmdline);
+    fprintf(stderr, "creating boot image - %zu bytes\n", out.size());
+
+    return out;
 }
 
-static void* unzip_to_memory(ZipArchiveHandle zip, const char* entry_name, int64_t* sz) {
-    ZipString zip_entry_name(entry_name);
+static bool UnzipToMemory(ZipArchiveHandle zip, const std::string& entry_name,
+                          std::vector<char>* out) {
+    ZipString zip_entry_name(entry_name.c_str());
     ZipEntry zip_entry;
     if (FindEntry(zip, zip_entry_name, &zip_entry) != 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "archive does not contain '%s'\n", entry_name);
-        return nullptr;
+        fprintf(stderr, "archive does not contain '%s'\n", entry_name.c_str());
+        return false;
     }
 
-    *sz = zip_entry.uncompressed_length;
+    out->resize(zip_entry.uncompressed_length);
 
-    fprintf(stderr, "extracting %s (%" PRId64 " MB) to RAM...\n", entry_name, *sz / 1024 / 1024);
-    uint8_t* data = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(malloc(zip_entry.uncompressed_length));
-    if (data == nullptr) die("failed to allocate %" PRId64 " bytes for '%s'", *sz, entry_name);
+    fprintf(stderr, "extracting %s (%zu MB) to RAM...\n", entry_name.c_str(),
+            out->size() / 1024 / 1024);
 
-    int error = ExtractToMemory(zip, &zip_entry, data, zip_entry.uncompressed_length);
-    if (error != 0) die("failed to extract '%s': %s", entry_name, ErrorCodeString(error));
+    int error = ExtractToMemory(zip, &zip_entry, reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(out->data()),
+                                out->size());
+    if (error != 0) die("failed to extract '%s': %s", entry_name.c_str(), ErrorCodeString(error));
 
-    return data;
+    return true;
 }
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
@@ -602,119 +616,168 @@
     return fd.release();
 }
 
-static char* strip(char* s) {
-    while (*s && isspace(*s)) s++;
+static void CheckRequirement(const std::string& cur_product, const std::string& var,
+                             const std::string& product, bool invert,
+                             const std::vector<std::string>& options) {
+    Status("Checking '" + var + "'");
 
-    int n = strlen(s);
-    while (n-- > 0) {
-        if (!isspace(s[n])) break;
-        s[n] = 0;
+    double start = now();
+
+    if (!product.empty()) {
+        if (product != cur_product) {
+            double split = now();
+            fprintf(stderr, "IGNORE, product is %s required only for %s [%7.3fs]\n",
+                    cur_product.c_str(), product.c_str(), (split - start));
+            return;
+        }
     }
-    return s;
+
+    std::string var_value;
+    if (fb->GetVar(var, &var_value) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "FAILED\n\n");
+        fprintf(stderr, "Could not getvar for '%s' (%s)\n\n", var.c_str(),
+                fb->Error().c_str());
+        die("requirements not met!");
+    }
+
+    bool match = false;
+    for (const auto& option : options) {
+        if (option == var_value || (option.back() == '*' &&
+                                    !var_value.compare(0, option.length() - 1, option, 0,
+                                                       option.length() - 1))) {
+            match = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (invert) {
+        match = !match;
+    }
+
+    if (match) {
+        double split = now();
+        fprintf(stderr, "OKAY [%7.3fs]\n", (split - start));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    fprintf(stderr, "FAILED\n\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "Device %s is '%s'.\n", var.c_str(), var_value.c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "Update %s '%s'", invert ? "rejects" : "requires", options[0].c_str());
+    for (auto it = std::next(options.begin()); it != options.end(); ++it) {
+        fprintf(stderr, " or '%s'", it->c_str());
+    }
+    fprintf(stderr, ".\n\n");
+    die("requirements not met!");
 }
 
-#define MAX_OPTIONS 32
-static void check_requirement(char* line) {
-    char *val[MAX_OPTIONS];
-    unsigned count;
-    char *x;
-    int invert = 0;
-
+bool ParseRequirementLine(const std::string& line, std::string* name, std::string* product,
+                          bool* invert, std::vector<std::string>* options) {
     // "require product=alpha|beta|gamma"
     // "require version-bootloader=1234"
     // "require-for-product:gamma version-bootloader=istanbul|constantinople"
     // "require partition-exists=vendor"
+    *product = "";
+    *invert = false;
 
-    char* name = line;
-    const char* product = "";
-    if (!strncmp(name, "reject ", 7)) {
-        name += 7;
-        invert = 1;
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "require ", 8)) {
-        name += 8;
-        invert = 0;
-    } else if (!strncmp(name, "require-for-product:", 20)) {
-        // Get the product and point name past it
-        product = name + 20;
-        name = strchr(name, ' ');
-        if (!name) die("android-info.txt syntax error: %s", line);
-        *name = 0;
-        name += 1;
-        invert = 0;
+    auto require_reject_regex = std::regex{"(require\\s+|reject\\s+)?\\s*(\\S+)\\s*=\\s*(.*)"};
+    auto require_product_regex =
+            std::regex{"require-for-product:\\s*(\\S+)\\s+(\\S+)\\s*=\\s*(.*)"};
+    std::smatch match_results;
+
+    if (std::regex_match(line, match_results, require_reject_regex)) {
+        *invert = Trim(match_results[1]) == "reject";
+    } else if (std::regex_match(line, match_results, require_product_regex)) {
+        *product = match_results[1];
+    } else {
+        return false;
     }
 
-    x = strchr(name, '=');
-    if (x == 0) return;
-    *x = 0;
-    val[0] = x + 1;
+    *name = match_results[2];
+    // Work around an unfortunate name mismatch.
+    if (*name == "board") {
+        *name = "product";
+    }
 
-    name = strip(name);
+    auto raw_options = Split(match_results[3], "|");
+    for (const auto& option : raw_options) {
+        auto trimmed_option = Trim(option);
+        options->emplace_back(trimmed_option);
+    }
 
-    // "require partition-exists=x" is a special case, added because of the trouble we had when
-    // Pixel 2 shipped with new partitions and users used old versions of fastboot to flash them,
-    // missing out new partitions. A device with new partitions can use "partition-exists" to
-    // override the fields `optional_if_no_image` in the `images` array.
-    if (!strcmp(name, "partition-exists")) {
-        const char* partition_name = val[0];
-        std::string has_slot;
-        if (!fb_getvar(std::string("has-slot:") + partition_name, &has_slot) ||
-            (has_slot != "yes" && has_slot != "no")) {
-            die("device doesn't have required partition %s!", partition_name);
+    return true;
+}
+
+// "require partition-exists=x" is a special case, added because of the trouble we had when
+// Pixel 2 shipped with new partitions and users used old versions of fastboot to flash them,
+// missing out new partitions. A device with new partitions can use "partition-exists" to
+// override the fields `optional_if_no_image` in the `images` array.
+static void HandlePartitionExists(const std::vector<std::string>& options) {
+    const std::string& partition_name = options[0];
+    std::string has_slot;
+    if (fb->GetVar("has-slot:" + partition_name, &has_slot) != fastboot::SUCCESS ||
+        (has_slot != "yes" && has_slot != "no")) {
+        die("device doesn't have required partition %s!", partition_name.c_str());
+    }
+    bool known_partition = false;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(images); ++i) {
+        if (images[i].nickname && images[i].nickname == partition_name) {
+            images[i].optional_if_no_image = false;
+            known_partition = true;
         }
-        bool known_partition = false;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < arraysize(images); ++i) {
-            if (images[i].nickname && !strcmp(images[i].nickname, partition_name)) {
-                images[i].optional_if_no_image = false;
-                known_partition = true;
-            }
+    }
+    if (!known_partition) {
+        die("device requires partition %s which is not known to this version of fastboot",
+            partition_name.c_str());
+    }
+}
+
+static void CheckRequirements(const std::string& data) {
+    std::string cur_product;
+    if (fb->GetVar("product", &cur_product) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "getvar:product FAILED (%s)\n", fb->Error().c_str());
+    }
+
+    auto lines = Split(data, "\n");
+    for (const auto& line : lines) {
+        if (line.empty()) {
+            continue;
         }
-        if (!known_partition) {
-            die("device requires partition %s which is not known to this version of fastboot",
-                partition_name);
+
+        std::string name;
+        std::string product;
+        bool invert;
+        std::vector<std::string> options;
+
+        if (!ParseRequirementLine(line, &name, &product, &invert, &options)) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "android-info.txt syntax error: %s\n", line.c_str());
+            continue;
         }
+        if (name == "partition-exists") {
+            HandlePartitionExists(options);
+        } else {
+            CheckRequirement(cur_product, name, product, invert, options);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void DisplayVarOrError(const std::string& label, const std::string& var) {
+    std::string value;
+
+    if (fb->GetVar(var, &value) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
+        Status("getvar:" + var);
+        fprintf(stderr, "FAILED (%s)\n", fb->Error().c_str());
         return;
     }
-
-    for(count = 1; count < MAX_OPTIONS; count++) {
-        x = strchr(val[count - 1],'|');
-        if (x == 0) break;
-        *x = 0;
-        val[count] = x + 1;
-    }
-
-    // Work around an unfortunate name mismatch.
-    const char* var = name;
-    if (!strcmp(name, "board")) var = "product";
-
-    const char** out = reinterpret_cast<const char**>(malloc(sizeof(char*) * count));
-    if (out == nullptr) die("out of memory");
-
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-        out[i] = xstrdup(strip(val[i]));
-    }
-
-    fb_require(product, var, invert, count, out);
+    fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", label.c_str(), value.c_str());
 }
 
-static void check_requirements(char* data, int64_t sz) {
-    char* s = data;
-    while (sz-- > 0) {
-        if (*s == '\n') {
-            *s++ = 0;
-            check_requirement(data);
-            data = s;
-        } else {
-            s++;
-        }
-    }
-}
+static void DumpInfo() {
+    fprintf(stderr, "--------------------------------------------\n");
+    DisplayVarOrError("Bootloader Version...", "version-bootloader");
+    DisplayVarOrError("Baseband Version.....", "version-baseband");
+    DisplayVarOrError("Serial Number........", "serialno");
+    fprintf(stderr, "--------------------------------------------\n");
 
-static void dump_info() {
-    fb_notice("--------------------------------------------");
-    fb_display("Bootloader Version...", "version-bootloader");
-    fb_display("Baseband Version.....", "version-baseband");
-    fb_display("Serial Number........", "serialno");
-    fb_notice("--------------------------------------------");
 }
 
 static struct sparse_file** load_sparse_files(int fd, int64_t max_size) {
@@ -739,7 +802,7 @@
 
 static int64_t get_target_sparse_limit() {
     std::string max_download_size;
-    if (!fb_getvar("max-download-size", &max_download_size) ||
+    if (fb->GetVar("max-download-size", &max_download_size) != fastboot::SUCCESS ||
         max_download_size.empty()) {
         verbose("target didn't report max-download-size");
         return 0;
@@ -887,12 +950,12 @@
 
             for (size_t i = 0; i < sparse_files.size(); ++i) {
                 const auto& pair = sparse_files[i];
-                fb_flash_sparse(partition, pair.first, pair.second, i + 1, sparse_files.size());
+                fb->FlashPartition(partition, pair.first, pair.second, i + 1, sparse_files.size());
             }
             break;
         }
         case FB_BUFFER_FD:
-            fb_flash_fd(partition, buf->fd, buf->sz);
+            fb->FlashPartition(partition, buf->fd, buf->sz);
             break;
         default:
             die("unknown buffer type: %d", buf->type);
@@ -901,14 +964,15 @@
 
 static std::string get_current_slot() {
     std::string current_slot;
-    if (!fb_getvar("current-slot", &current_slot)) return "";
+    if (fb->GetVar("current-slot", &current_slot) != fastboot::SUCCESS) return "";
     return current_slot;
 }
 
 static int get_slot_count() {
     std::string var;
     int count = 0;
-    if (!fb_getvar("slot-count", &var) || !android::base::ParseInt(var, &count)) {
+    if (fb->GetVar("slot-count", &var) != fastboot::SUCCESS ||
+        !android::base::ParseInt(var, &count)) {
         return 0;
     }
     return count;
@@ -983,7 +1047,7 @@
     std::string has_slot;
     std::string current_slot;
 
-    if (!fb_getvar("has-slot:" + part, &has_slot)) {
+    if (fb->GetVar("has-slot:" + part, &has_slot) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
         /* If has-slot is not supported, the answer is no. */
         has_slot = "no";
     }
@@ -1016,7 +1080,7 @@
     std::string has_slot;
 
     if (slot == "all") {
-        if (!fb_getvar("has-slot:" + part, &has_slot)) {
+        if (fb->GetVar("has-slot:" + part, &has_slot) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
             die("Could not check if partition %s has slot %s", part.c_str(), slot.c_str());
         }
         if (has_slot == "yes") {
@@ -1046,25 +1110,25 @@
     if (!supports_AB()) return;
 
     if (slot_override != "") {
-        fb_set_active(slot_override);
+        fb->SetActive(slot_override);
     } else {
         std::string current_slot = get_current_slot();
         if (current_slot != "") {
-            fb_set_active(current_slot);
+            fb->SetActive(current_slot);
         }
     }
 }
 
 static bool is_userspace_fastboot() {
     std::string value;
-    return fb_getvar("is-userspace", &value) && value == "yes";
+    return fb->GetVar("is-userspace", &value) == fastboot::SUCCESS && value == "yes";
 }
 
 static bool if_partition_exists(const std::string& partition, const std::string& slot) {
     std::string has_slot;
     std::string partition_name = partition;
 
-    if (fb_getvar("has-slot:" + partition, &has_slot) && has_slot == "yes") {
+    if (fb->GetVar("has-slot:" + partition, &has_slot) == fastboot::SUCCESS && has_slot == "yes") {
         if (slot == "") {
             std::string current_slot = get_current_slot();
             if (current_slot == "") {
@@ -1076,28 +1140,29 @@
         }
     }
     std::string partition_size;
-    return fb_getvar("partition-size:" + partition_name, &partition_size);
+    return fb->GetVar("partition-size:" + partition_name, &partition_size) == fastboot::SUCCESS;
 }
 
 static bool is_logical(const std::string& partition) {
     std::string value;
-    return fb_getvar("is-logical:" + partition, &value) && value == "yes";
+    return fb->GetVar("is-logical:" + partition, &value) == fastboot::SUCCESS && value == "yes";
 }
 
 static void reboot_to_userspace_fastboot() {
-    if (!fb_reboot_to_userspace()) {
-        die("Must reboot to userspace fastboot to flash logical partitions");
-    }
+    fb->RebootTo("fastboot");
+
+    auto* old_transport = fb->set_transport(nullptr);
+    delete old_transport;
 
     // Give the current connection time to close.
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1000));
 
-    fb_reinit(open_device());
+    fb->set_transport(open_device());
 }
 
 class ImageSource {
   public:
-    virtual void* ReadFile(const std::string& name, int64_t* size) const = 0;
+    virtual bool ReadFile(const std::string& name, std::vector<char>* out) const = 0;
     virtual int OpenFile(const std::string& name) const = 0;
 };
 
@@ -1133,6 +1198,7 @@
 }
 
 void FlashAllTool::Flash() {
+    DumpInfo();
     CheckRequirements();
     DetermineSecondarySlot();
     CollectImages();
@@ -1149,7 +1215,7 @@
     for (const auto& [image, slot] : os_images_) {
         auto resize_partition = [](const std::string& partition) -> void {
             if (is_logical(partition)) {
-                fb_resize_partition(partition, "0");
+                fb->ResizePartition(partition, "0");
             }
         };
         do_for_partitions(image->part_name, slot, resize_partition, false);
@@ -1166,12 +1232,11 @@
 }
 
 void FlashAllTool::CheckRequirements() {
-    int64_t sz;
-    void* data = source_.ReadFile("android-info.txt", &sz);
-    if (data == nullptr) {
+    std::vector<char> contents;
+    if (!source_.ReadFile("android-info.txt", &contents)) {
         die("could not read android-info.txt");
     }
-    check_requirements(reinterpret_cast<char*>(data), sz);
+    ::CheckRequirements({contents.data(), contents.size()});
 }
 
 void FlashAllTool::DetermineSecondarySlot() {
@@ -1224,15 +1289,14 @@
 
 void FlashAllTool::FlashImage(const Image& image, const std::string& slot, fastboot_buffer* buf) {
     auto flash = [&, this](const std::string& partition_name) {
-        int64_t sz;
-        void* data = source_.ReadFile(image.sig_name, &sz);
-        if (data) {
-            fb_download("signature", data, sz);
-            fb_command("signature", "installing signature");
+        std::vector<char> signature_data;
+        if (source_.ReadFile(image.sig_name, &signature_data)) {
+            fb->Download("signature", signature_data);
+            fb->RawCommand("signature", "installing signature");
         }
 
         if (is_logical(partition_name)) {
-            fb_resize_partition(partition_name, std::to_string(buf->image_size));
+            fb->ResizePartition(partition_name, std::to_string(buf->image_size));
         }
         flash_buf(partition_name.c_str(), buf);
     };
@@ -1251,27 +1315,27 @@
     if (!is_userspace_fastboot()) {
         reboot_to_userspace_fastboot();
     }
-    fb_download_fd("super", fd, get_file_size(fd));
+    fb->Download("super", fd, get_file_size(fd));
 
     std::string command = "update-super:super";
     if (wipe_) {
         command += ":wipe";
     }
-    fb_command(command, "Updating super partition");
+    fb->RawCommand(command, "Updating super partition");
 }
 
 class ZipImageSource final : public ImageSource {
   public:
     explicit ZipImageSource(ZipArchiveHandle zip) : zip_(zip) {}
-    void* ReadFile(const std::string& name, int64_t* size) const override;
+    bool ReadFile(const std::string& name, std::vector<char>* out) const override;
     int OpenFile(const std::string& name) const override;
 
   private:
     ZipArchiveHandle zip_;
 };
 
-void* ZipImageSource::ReadFile(const std::string& name, int64_t* size) const {
-    return unzip_to_memory(zip_, name.c_str(), size);
+bool ZipImageSource::ReadFile(const std::string& name, std::vector<char>* out) const {
+    return UnzipToMemory(zip_, name, out);
 }
 
 int ZipImageSource::OpenFile(const std::string& name) const {
@@ -1279,10 +1343,6 @@
 }
 
 static void do_update(const char* filename, const std::string& slot_override, bool skip_secondary) {
-    dump_info();
-
-    fb_query_save("product", cur_product, sizeof(cur_product));
-
     ZipArchiveHandle zip;
     int error = OpenArchive(filename, &zip);
     if (error != 0) {
@@ -1297,16 +1357,16 @@
 
 class LocalImageSource final : public ImageSource {
   public:
-    void* ReadFile(const std::string& name, int64_t* size) const override;
+    bool ReadFile(const std::string& name, std::vector<char>* out) const override;
     int OpenFile(const std::string& name) const override;
 };
 
-void* LocalImageSource::ReadFile(const std::string& name, int64_t* size) const {
+bool LocalImageSource::ReadFile(const std::string& name, std::vector<char>* out) const {
     auto path = find_item_given_name(name);
     if (path.empty()) {
-        return nullptr;
+        return false;
     }
-    return load_file(path.c_str(), size);
+    return ReadFileToVector(path, out);
 }
 
 int LocalImageSource::OpenFile(const std::string& name) const {
@@ -1315,11 +1375,6 @@
 }
 
 static void do_flashall(const std::string& slot_override, bool skip_secondary, bool wipe) {
-    std::string fname;
-    dump_info();
-
-    fb_query_save("product", cur_product, sizeof(cur_product));
-
     FlashAllTool tool(LocalImageSource(), slot_override, skip_secondary, wipe);
     tool.Flash();
 }
@@ -1338,7 +1393,7 @@
     while (!args->empty()) {
         command += " " + next_arg(args);
     }
-    fb_command(command, "");
+    fb->RawCommand(command, "");
 }
 
 static std::string fb_fix_numeric_var(std::string var) {
@@ -1352,7 +1407,7 @@
 
 static unsigned fb_get_flash_block_size(std::string name) {
     std::string sizeString;
-    if (!fb_getvar(name, &sizeString) || sizeString.empty()) {
+    if (fb->GetVar(name, &sizeString) != fastboot::SUCCESS || sizeString.empty()) {
         // This device does not report flash block sizes, so return 0.
         return 0;
     }
@@ -1390,7 +1445,7 @@
         limit = sparse_limit;
     }
 
-    if (!fb_getvar("partition-type:" + partition, &partition_type)) {
+    if (fb->GetVar("partition-type:" + partition, &partition_type) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
         errMsg = "Can't determine partition type.\n";
         goto failed;
     }
@@ -1402,7 +1457,7 @@
         partition_type = type_override;
     }
 
-    if (!fb_getvar("partition-size:" + partition, &partition_size)) {
+    if (fb->GetVar("partition-size:" + partition, &partition_size) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
         errMsg = "Unable to get partition size\n";
         goto failed;
     }
@@ -1460,7 +1515,7 @@
         fprintf(stderr, "Erase successful, but not automatically formatting.\n");
         if (errMsg) fprintf(stderr, "%s", errMsg);
     }
-    fprintf(stderr, "FAILED (%s)\n", fb_get_error().c_str());
+    fprintf(stderr, "FAILED (%s)\n", fb->Error().c_str());
 }
 
 int FastBootTool::Main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
@@ -1473,8 +1528,6 @@
     bool wants_set_active = false;
     bool skip_secondary = false;
     bool set_fbe_marker = false;
-    void *data;
-    int64_t sz;
     int longindex;
     std::string slot_override;
     std::string next_active;
@@ -1612,8 +1665,13 @@
     if (transport == nullptr) {
         return 1;
     }
-    fastboot::FastBootDriver fb(transport);
-    fb_init(fb);
+    fastboot::DriverCallbacks driver_callbacks = {
+        .prolog = Status,
+        .epilog = Epilog,
+        .info = InfoMessage,
+    };
+    fastboot::FastBootDriver fastboot_driver(transport, driver_callbacks, false);
+    fb = &fastboot_driver;
 
     const double start = now();
 
@@ -1624,7 +1682,7 @@
         if (next_active == "") {
             if (slot_override == "") {
                 std::string current_slot;
-                if (fb_getvar("current-slot", &current_slot)) {
+                if (fb->GetVar("current-slot", &current_slot) == fastboot::SUCCESS) {
                     next_active = verify_slot(current_slot, false);
                 } else {
                     wants_set_active = false;
@@ -1641,19 +1699,18 @@
 
         if (command == "getvar") {
             std::string variable = next_arg(&args);
-            fb_display(variable, variable);
+            DisplayVarOrError(variable, variable);
         } else if (command == "erase") {
             std::string partition = next_arg(&args);
             auto erase = [&](const std::string& partition) {
                 std::string partition_type;
-                if (fb_getvar(std::string("partition-type:") + partition,
-                              &partition_type) &&
+                if (fb->GetVar("partition-type:" + partition, &partition_type) == fastboot::SUCCESS &&
                     fs_get_generator(partition_type) != nullptr) {
                     fprintf(stderr, "******** Did you mean to fastboot format this %s partition?\n",
                             partition_type.c_str());
                 }
 
-                fb_erase(partition);
+                fb->Erase(partition);
             };
             do_for_partitions(partition, slot_override, erase, true);
         } else if (android::base::StartsWith(command, "format")) {
@@ -1678,11 +1735,13 @@
             do_for_partitions(partition.c_str(), slot_override, format, true);
         } else if (command == "signature") {
             std::string filename = next_arg(&args);
-            data = load_file(filename.c_str(), &sz);
-            if (data == nullptr) die("could not load '%s': %s", filename.c_str(), strerror(errno));
-            if (sz != 256) die("signature must be 256 bytes (got %" PRId64 ")", sz);
-            fb_download("signature", data, sz);
-            fb_command("signature", "installing signature");
+            std::vector<char> data;
+            if (!ReadFileToVector(filename, &data)) {
+                die("could not load '%s': %s", filename.c_str(), strerror(errno));
+            }
+            if (data.size() != 256) die("signature must be 256 bytes (got %zu)", data.size());
+            fb->Download("signature", data);
+            fb->RawCommand("signature", "installing signature");
         } else if (command == "reboot") {
             wants_reboot = true;
 
@@ -1710,7 +1769,7 @@
         } else if (command == "reboot-fastboot") {
             wants_reboot_fastboot = true;
         } else if (command == "continue") {
-            fb_command("continue", "resuming boot");
+            fb->Continue();
         } else if (command == "boot") {
             std::string kernel = next_arg(&args);
             std::string ramdisk;
@@ -1718,9 +1777,9 @@
             std::string second_stage;
             if (!args.empty()) second_stage = next_arg(&args);
 
-            data = load_bootable_image(kernel, ramdisk, second_stage, &sz);
-            fb_download("boot.img", data, sz);
-            fb_command("boot", "booting");
+            auto data = LoadBootableImage(kernel, ramdisk, second_stage);
+            fb->Download("boot.img", data);
+            fb->Boot();
         } else if (command == "flash") {
             std::string pname = next_arg(&args);
 
@@ -1744,9 +1803,9 @@
             std::string second_stage;
             if (!args.empty()) second_stage = next_arg(&args);
 
-            data = load_bootable_image(kernel, ramdisk, second_stage, &sz);
-            auto flashraw = [&](const std::string& partition) {
-                fb_flash(partition, data, sz);
+            auto data = LoadBootableImage(kernel, ramdisk, second_stage);
+            auto flashraw = [&data](const std::string& partition) {
+                fb->FlashPartition(partition, data);
             };
             do_for_partitions(partition, slot_override, flashraw, true);
         } else if (command == "flashall") {
@@ -1770,7 +1829,7 @@
             wants_reboot = true;
         } else if (command == "set_active") {
             std::string slot = verify_slot(next_arg(&args), false);
-            fb_set_active(slot);
+            fb->SetActive(slot);
         } else if (command == "stage") {
             std::string filename = next_arg(&args);
 
@@ -1778,10 +1837,10 @@
             if (!load_buf(filename.c_str(), &buf) || buf.type != FB_BUFFER_FD) {
                 die("cannot load '%s'", filename.c_str());
             }
-            fb_download_fd(filename, buf.fd, buf.sz);
+            fb->Download(filename, buf.fd, buf.sz);
         } else if (command == "get_staged") {
             std::string filename = next_arg(&args);
-            fb_upload(filename);
+            fb->Upload(filename);
         } else if (command == "oem") {
             do_oem_command("oem", &args);
         } else if (command == "flashing") {
@@ -1798,14 +1857,14 @@
         } else if (command == "create-logical-partition") {
             std::string partition = next_arg(&args);
             std::string size = next_arg(&args);
-            fb_create_partition(partition, size);
+            fb->CreatePartition(partition, size);
         } else if (command == "delete-logical-partition") {
             std::string partition = next_arg(&args);
-            fb_delete_partition(partition);
+            fb->DeletePartition(partition);
         } else if (command == "resize-logical-partition") {
             std::string partition = next_arg(&args);
             std::string size = next_arg(&args);
-            fb_resize_partition(partition, size);
+            fb->ResizePartition(partition, size);
         } else {
             syntax_error("unknown command %s", command.c_str());
         }
@@ -1815,9 +1874,11 @@
         std::vector<std::string> partitions = { "userdata", "cache", "metadata" };
         for (const auto& partition : partitions) {
             std::string partition_type;
-            if (!fb_getvar(std::string{"partition-type:"} + partition, &partition_type)) continue;
+            if (fb->GetVar("partition-type:" + partition, &partition_type) != fastboot::SUCCESS) {
+                continue;
+            }
             if (partition_type.empty()) continue;
-            fb_erase(partition);
+            fb->Erase(partition);
             if (partition == "userdata" && set_fbe_marker) {
                 fprintf(stderr, "setting FBE marker on initial userdata...\n");
                 std::string initial_userdata_dir = create_fbemarker_tmpdir();
@@ -1829,27 +1890,27 @@
         }
     }
     if (wants_set_active) {
-        fb_set_active(next_active);
+        fb->SetActive(next_active);
     }
     if (wants_reboot && !skip_reboot) {
-        fb_reboot();
-        fb_wait_for_disconnect();
+        fb->Reboot();
+        fb->WaitForDisconnect();
     } else if (wants_reboot_bootloader) {
-        fb_command("reboot-bootloader", "rebooting into bootloader");
-        fb_wait_for_disconnect();
+        fb->RebootTo("bootloader");
+        fb->WaitForDisconnect();
     } else if (wants_reboot_recovery) {
-        fb_command("reboot-recovery", "rebooting into recovery");
-        fb_wait_for_disconnect();
+        fb->RebootTo("recovery");
+        fb->WaitForDisconnect();
     } else if (wants_reboot_fastboot) {
-        fb_command("reboot-fastboot", "rebooting into fastboot");
-        fb_wait_for_disconnect();
+        fb->RebootTo("fastboot");
+        fb->WaitForDisconnect();
     }
 
     fprintf(stderr, "Finished. Total time: %.3fs\n", (now() - start));
 
-    if (Transport* old_transport = fb.set_transport(nullptr)) {
-        delete old_transport;
-    }
+    auto* old_transport = fb->set_transport(nullptr);
+    delete old_transport;
+
     return 0;
 }
 
diff --git a/fastboot/fastboot.h b/fastboot/fastboot.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f18253
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fastboot/fastboot.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2018 The Android Open Source Project
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ *  * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *  * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
+ *    the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+ *    distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
+ * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
+ * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
+ * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
+ * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
+ * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+ * SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <bootimg.h>
+
+class FastBootTool {
+  public:
+    int Main(int argc, char* argv[]);
+
+    void ParseOsPatchLevel(boot_img_hdr_v1*, const char*);
+    void ParseOsVersion(boot_img_hdr_v1*, const char*);
+};
diff --git a/fastboot/fastboot_driver.cpp b/fastboot/fastboot_driver.cpp
index 4a14131..b1f3bc9 100644
--- a/fastboot/fastboot_driver.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fastboot_driver.cpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
  * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  */
+
 #include "fastboot_driver.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
@@ -44,43 +45,56 @@
 #include <android-base/strings.h>
 #include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
 #include <utils/FileMap.h>
-#include "fastboot_driver.h"
+
+#include "constants.h"
 #include "transport.h"
 
+using android::base::StringPrintf;
+
 namespace fastboot {
 
 /*************************** PUBLIC *******************************/
-FastBootDriver::FastBootDriver(Transport* transport, std::function<void(std::string&)> info,
+FastBootDriver::FastBootDriver(Transport* transport, DriverCallbacks driver_callbacks,
                                bool no_checks)
-    : transport_(transport) {
-    info_cb_ = info;
-    disable_checks_ = no_checks;
-}
+    : transport_(transport),
+      prolog_(std::move(driver_callbacks.prolog)),
+      epilog_(std::move(driver_callbacks.epilog)),
+      info_(std::move(driver_callbacks.info)),
+      disable_checks_(no_checks) {}
 
 FastBootDriver::~FastBootDriver() {
 }
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::Boot(std::string* response, std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return RawCommand(Commands::BOOT, response, info);
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_BOOT, "Booting", response, info);
 }
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::Continue(std::string* response, std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return RawCommand(Commands::CONTINUE, response, info);
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_CONTINUE, "Resuming boot", response, info);
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::Erase(const std::string& part, std::string* response,
-                              std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return RawCommand(Commands::ERASE + part, response, info);
+RetCode FastBootDriver::CreatePartition(const std::string& partition, const std::string& size) {
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_CREATE_PARTITION ":" + partition + ":" + size,
+                      "Creating '" + partition + "'");
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::Flash(const std::string& part, std::string* response,
+RetCode FastBootDriver::DeletePartition(const std::string& partition) {
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_DELETE_PARTITION ":" + partition, "Deleting '" + partition + "'");
+}
+
+RetCode FastBootDriver::Erase(const std::string& partition, std::string* response,
                               std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return RawCommand(Commands::FLASH + part, response, info);
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_ERASE ":" + partition, "Erasing '" + partition + "'", response, info);
+}
+
+RetCode FastBootDriver::Flash(const std::string& partition, std::string* response,
+                              std::vector<std::string>* info) {
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_FLASH ":" + partition, "Writing '" + partition + "'", response, info);
 }
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::GetVar(const std::string& key, std::string* val,
                                std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return RawCommand(Commands::GET_VAR + key, val, info);
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_GETVAR ":" + key, val, info);
 }
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::GetVarAll(std::vector<std::string>* response) {
@@ -89,44 +103,52 @@
 }
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::Reboot(std::string* response, std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return RawCommand(Commands::REBOOT, response, info);
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_REBOOT, "Rebooting", response, info);
 }
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::RebootTo(std::string target, std::string* response,
                                  std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return RawCommand("reboot-" + target, response, info);
+    return RawCommand("reboot-" + target, "Rebooting into " + target, response, info);
+}
+
+RetCode FastBootDriver::ResizePartition(const std::string& partition, const std::string& size) {
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_RESIZE_PARTITION ":" + partition + ":" + size,
+                      "Resizing '" + partition + "'");
 }
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::SetActive(const std::string& slot, std::string* response,
                                   std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return RawCommand(Commands::SET_ACTIVE + slot, response, info);
+    return RawCommand(FB_CMD_SET_ACTIVE ":" + slot, "Setting current slot to '" + slot + "'",
+                      response, info);
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::FlashPartition(const std::string& part, const std::vector<char>& data) {
+RetCode FastBootDriver::FlashPartition(const std::string& partition,
+                                       const std::vector<char>& data) {
     RetCode ret;
-    if ((ret = Download(data))) {
+    if ((ret = Download(partition, data))) {
         return ret;
     }
-    return RawCommand(Commands::FLASH + part);
+    return Flash(partition);
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::FlashPartition(const std::string& part, int fd, uint32_t sz) {
+RetCode FastBootDriver::FlashPartition(const std::string& partition, int fd, uint32_t size) {
     RetCode ret;
-    if ((ret = Download(fd, sz))) {
+    if ((ret = Download(partition, fd, size))) {
         return ret;
     }
-    return RawCommand(Commands::FLASH + part);
+    return Flash(partition);
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::FlashPartition(const std::string& part, sparse_file* s) {
+RetCode FastBootDriver::FlashPartition(const std::string& partition, sparse_file* s, uint32_t size,
+                                       size_t current, size_t total) {
     RetCode ret;
-    if ((ret = Download(s))) {
+    if ((ret = Download(partition, s, size, current, total, false))) {
         return ret;
     }
-    return RawCommand(Commands::FLASH + part);
+    return Flash(partition);
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::Partitions(std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint64_t>>* parts) {
+RetCode FastBootDriver::Partitions(std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint64_t>>* partitions) {
     std::vector<std::string> all;
     RetCode ret;
     if ((ret = GetVarAll(&all))) {
@@ -141,32 +163,18 @@
             std::string m1(sm[1]);
             std::string m2(sm[2]);
             uint64_t tmp = strtoll(m2.c_str(), 0, 16);
-            parts->push_back(std::make_tuple(m1, tmp));
+            partitions->push_back(std::make_tuple(m1, tmp));
         }
     }
     return SUCCESS;
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::Require(const std::string& var, const std::vector<std::string>& allowed,
-                                bool* reqmet, bool invert) {
-    *reqmet = invert;
-    RetCode ret;
-    std::string response;
-    if ((ret = GetVar(var, &response))) {
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    // Now check if we have a match
-    for (const auto s : allowed) {
-        // If it ends in *, and starting substring match
-        if (response == s || (s.length() && s.back() == '*' &&
-                              !response.compare(0, s.length() - 1, s, 0, s.length() - 1))) {
-            *reqmet = !invert;
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return SUCCESS;
+RetCode FastBootDriver::Download(const std::string& name, int fd, size_t size,
+                                 std::string* response, std::vector<std::string>* info) {
+    prolog_(StringPrintf("Sending '%s' (%zu KB)", name.c_str(), size / 1024));
+    auto result = Download(fd, size, response, info);
+    epilog_(result);
+    return result;
 }
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::Download(int fd, size_t size, std::string* response,
@@ -192,26 +200,29 @@
     return HandleResponse(response, info);
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::Download(const std::vector<char>& buf, std::string* response,
-                                 std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    return Download(buf.data(), buf.size(), response, info);
+RetCode FastBootDriver::Download(const std::string& name, const std::vector<char>& buf,
+                                 std::string* response, std::vector<std::string>* info) {
+    prolog_(StringPrintf("Sending '%s' (%zu KB)", name.c_str(), buf.size() / 1024));
+    auto result = Download(buf, response, info);
+    epilog_(result);
+    return result;
 }
 
-RetCode FastBootDriver::Download(const char* buf, uint32_t size, std::string* response,
+RetCode FastBootDriver::Download(const std::vector<char>& buf, std::string* response,
                                  std::vector<std::string>* info) {
     RetCode ret;
     error_ = "";
-    if ((size == 0 || size > MAX_DOWNLOAD_SIZE) && !disable_checks_) {
+    if ((buf.size() == 0 || buf.size() > MAX_DOWNLOAD_SIZE) && !disable_checks_) {
         error_ = "Buffer is too large or 0 bytes";
         return BAD_ARG;
     }
 
-    if ((ret = DownloadCommand(size, response, info))) {
+    if ((ret = DownloadCommand(buf.size(), response, info))) {
         return ret;
     }
 
     // Write the buffer
-    if ((ret = SendBuffer(buf, size))) {
+    if ((ret = SendBuffer(buf))) {
         return ret;
     }
 
@@ -219,6 +230,16 @@
     return HandleResponse(response, info);
 }
 
+RetCode FastBootDriver::Download(const std::string& partition, struct sparse_file* s, uint32_t size,
+                                 size_t current, size_t total, bool use_crc, std::string* response,
+                                 std::vector<std::string>* info) {
+    prolog_(StringPrintf("Sending sparse '%s' %zu/%zu (%u KB)", partition.c_str(), current, total,
+                         size / 1024));
+    auto result = Download(s, use_crc, response, info);
+    epilog_(result);
+    return result;
+}
+
 RetCode FastBootDriver::Download(sparse_file* s, bool use_crc, std::string* response,
                                  std::vector<std::string>* info) {
     error_ = "";
@@ -261,9 +282,17 @@
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::Upload(const std::string& outfile, std::string* response,
                                std::vector<std::string>* info) {
+    prolog_("Uploading '" + outfile + "'");
+    auto result = UploadInner(outfile, response, info);
+    epilog_(result);
+    return result;
+}
+
+RetCode FastBootDriver::UploadInner(const std::string& outfile, std::string* response,
+                                    std::vector<std::string>* info) {
     RetCode ret;
     int dsize;
-    if ((ret = RawCommand(Commands::UPLOAD, response, info, &dsize))) {
+    if ((ret = RawCommand(FB_CMD_UPLOAD, response, info, &dsize))) {
         error_ = "Upload request failed: " + error_;
         return ret;
     }
@@ -297,8 +326,8 @@
 }
 
 // Helpers
-void FastBootDriver::SetInfoCallback(std::function<void(std::string&)> info) {
-    info_cb_ = info;
+void FastBootDriver::SetInfoCallback(std::function<void(const std::string&)> info) {
+    info_ = info;
 }
 
 const std::string FastBootDriver::RCString(RetCode rc) {
@@ -335,6 +364,15 @@
 }
 
 /****************************** PROTECTED *************************************/
+RetCode FastBootDriver::RawCommand(const std::string& cmd, const std::string& message,
+                                   std::string* response, std::vector<std::string>* info,
+                                   int* dsize) {
+    prolog_(message);
+    auto result = RawCommand(cmd, response, info, dsize);
+    epilog_(result);
+    return result;
+}
+
 RetCode FastBootDriver::RawCommand(const std::string& cmd, std::string* response,
                                    std::vector<std::string>* info, int* dsize) {
     error_ = "";  // Clear any pending error
@@ -354,7 +392,7 @@
 
 RetCode FastBootDriver::DownloadCommand(uint32_t size, std::string* response,
                                         std::vector<std::string>* info) {
-    std::string cmd(android::base::StringPrintf("%s%08" PRIx32, Commands::DOWNLOAD.c_str(), size));
+    std::string cmd(android::base::StringPrintf("%s:%08" PRIx32, FB_CMD_DOWNLOAD, size));
     RetCode ret;
     if ((ret = RawCommand(cmd, response, info))) {
         return ret;
@@ -387,7 +425,7 @@
         std::string input(status);
         if (android::base::StartsWith(input, "INFO")) {
             std::string tmp = input.substr(strlen("INFO"));
-            info_cb_(tmp);
+            info_(tmp);
             add_info(std::move(tmp));
         } else if (android::base::StartsWith(input, "OKAY")) {
             set_response(input.substr(strlen("OKAY")));
@@ -420,16 +458,6 @@
     return android::base::StringPrintf("%s (%s)", msg.c_str(), strerror(errno));
 }
 
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::BOOT = "boot";
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::CONTINUE = "continue";
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::DOWNLOAD = "download:";
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::ERASE = "erase:";
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::FLASH = "flash:";
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::GET_VAR = "getvar:";
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::REBOOT = "reboot";
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::SET_ACTIVE = "set_active:";
-const std::string FastBootDriver::Commands::UPLOAD = "upload";
-
 /******************************* PRIVATE **************************************/
 RetCode FastBootDriver::SendBuffer(int fd, size_t size) {
     static constexpr uint32_t MAX_MAP_SIZE = 512 * 1024 * 1024;
diff --git a/fastboot/fastboot_driver.h b/fastboot/fastboot_driver.h
index 4d85ba0..62bbe52 100644
--- a/fastboot/fastboot_driver.h
+++ b/fastboot/fastboot_driver.h
@@ -55,6 +55,12 @@
     TIMEOUT,
 };
 
+struct DriverCallbacks {
+    std::function<void(const std::string&)> prolog = [](const std::string&) {};
+    std::function<void(int)> epilog = [](int) {};
+    std::function<void(const std::string&)> info = [](const std::string&) {};
+};
+
 class FastBootDriver {
     friend class FastBootTest;
 
@@ -63,25 +69,30 @@
     static constexpr uint32_t MAX_DOWNLOAD_SIZE = std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max();
     static constexpr size_t TRANSPORT_CHUNK_SIZE = 1024;
 
-    FastBootDriver(Transport* transport,
-                   std::function<void(std::string&)> info = [](std::string&) {},
+    FastBootDriver(Transport* transport, DriverCallbacks driver_callbacks = {},
                    bool no_checks = false);
     ~FastBootDriver();
 
     RetCode Boot(std::string* response = nullptr, std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
     RetCode Continue(std::string* response = nullptr, std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
+    RetCode CreatePartition(const std::string& partition, const std::string& size);
+    RetCode DeletePartition(const std::string& partition);
+    RetCode Download(const std::string& name, int fd, size_t size, std::string* response = nullptr,
+                     std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
     RetCode Download(int fd, size_t size, std::string* response = nullptr,
                      std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
+    RetCode Download(const std::string& name, const std::vector<char>& buf,
+                     std::string* response = nullptr, std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
     RetCode Download(const std::vector<char>& buf, std::string* response = nullptr,
                      std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
-    // This will be removed after fastboot is modified to use a vector
-    RetCode Download(const char* buf, uint32_t size, std::string* response = nullptr,
+    RetCode Download(const std::string& partition, struct sparse_file* s, uint32_t sz,
+                     size_t current, size_t total, bool use_crc, std::string* response = nullptr,
                      std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
     RetCode Download(sparse_file* s, bool use_crc = false, std::string* response = nullptr,
                      std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
-    RetCode Erase(const std::string& part, std::string* response = nullptr,
+    RetCode Erase(const std::string& partition, std::string* response = nullptr,
                   std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
-    RetCode Flash(const std::string& part, std::string* response = nullptr,
+    RetCode Flash(const std::string& partition, std::string* response = nullptr,
                   std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
     RetCode GetVar(const std::string& key, std::string* val,
                    std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
@@ -89,22 +100,24 @@
     RetCode Reboot(std::string* response = nullptr, std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
     RetCode RebootTo(std::string target, std::string* response = nullptr,
                      std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
+    RetCode ResizePartition(const std::string& partition, const std::string& size);
     RetCode SetActive(const std::string& slot, std::string* response = nullptr,
                       std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
     RetCode Upload(const std::string& outfile, std::string* response = nullptr,
                    std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
 
     /* HIGHER LEVEL COMMANDS -- Composed of the commands above */
-    RetCode FlashPartition(const std::string& part, const std::vector<char>& data);
-    RetCode FlashPartition(const std::string& part, int fd, uint32_t sz);
-    RetCode FlashPartition(const std::string& part, sparse_file* s);
+    RetCode FlashPartition(const std::string& partition, const std::vector<char>& data);
+    RetCode FlashPartition(const std::string& partition, int fd, uint32_t sz);
+    RetCode FlashPartition(const std::string& partition, sparse_file* s, uint32_t sz,
+                           size_t current, size_t total);
 
-    RetCode Partitions(std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint64_t>>* parts);
+    RetCode Partitions(std::vector<std::tuple<std::string, uint64_t>>* partitions);
     RetCode Require(const std::string& var, const std::vector<std::string>& allowed, bool* reqmet,
                     bool invert = false);
 
     /* HELPERS */
-    void SetInfoCallback(std::function<void(std::string&)> info);
+    void SetInfoCallback(std::function<void(const std::string&)> info);
     static const std::string RCString(RetCode rc);
     std::string Error();
     RetCode WaitForDisconnect();
@@ -113,7 +126,10 @@
     Transport* set_transport(Transport* transport);
     Transport* transport() const { return transport_; }
 
-    // This is temporarily public for engine.cpp
+    RetCode RawCommand(const std::string& cmd, const std::string& message,
+                       std::string* response = nullptr, std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr,
+                       int* dsize = nullptr);
+
     RetCode RawCommand(const std::string& cmd, std::string* response = nullptr,
                        std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr, int* dsize = nullptr);
 
@@ -125,19 +141,6 @@
 
     std::string ErrnoStr(const std::string& msg);
 
-    // More like a namespace...
-    struct Commands {
-        static const std::string BOOT;
-        static const std::string CONTINUE;
-        static const std::string DOWNLOAD;
-        static const std::string ERASE;
-        static const std::string FLASH;
-        static const std::string GET_VAR;
-        static const std::string REBOOT;
-        static const std::string SET_ACTIVE;
-        static const std::string UPLOAD;
-    };
-
     Transport* transport_;
 
   private:
@@ -148,10 +151,15 @@
     RetCode ReadBuffer(std::vector<char>& buf);
     RetCode ReadBuffer(void* buf, size_t size);
 
+    RetCode UploadInner(const std::string& outfile, std::string* response = nullptr,
+                        std::vector<std::string>* info = nullptr);
+
     int SparseWriteCallback(std::vector<char>& tpbuf, const char* data, size_t len);
 
     std::string error_;
-    std::function<void(std::string&)> info_cb_;
+    std::function<void(const std::string&)> prolog_;
+    std::function<void(int)> epilog_;
+    std::function<void(const std::string&)> info_;
     bool disable_checks_;
 };
 
diff --git a/fastboot/fastboot_test.cpp b/fastboot/fastboot_test.cpp
index 43201fa..9c3ab6e 100644
--- a/fastboot/fastboot_test.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fastboot_test.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "engine.h"
+#include "fastboot.h"
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
@@ -59,3 +59,145 @@
     EXPECT_DEATH(fb.ParseOsVersion(&hdr, "1.128.3"), "bad OS version");
     EXPECT_DEATH(fb.ParseOsVersion(&hdr, "1.2.128"), "bad OS version");
 }
+
+extern bool ParseRequirementLine(const std::string& line, std::string* name, std::string* product,
+                                 bool* invert, std::vector<std::string>* options);
+
+static void ParseRequirementLineTest(const std::string& line, const std::string& expected_name,
+                                     const std::string& expected_product, bool expected_invert,
+                                     const std::vector<std::string>& expected_options) {
+    std::string name;
+    std::string product;
+    bool invert;
+    std::vector<std::string> options;
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(ParseRequirementLine(line, &name, &product, &invert, &options)) << line;
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_name, name) << line;
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_product, product) << line;
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_invert, invert) << line;
+    EXPECT_EQ(expected_options, options) << line;
+}
+
+TEST(FastBoot, ParseRequirementLineSuccesses) {
+    // Examples provided in the code + slight variations.
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha", "product", "", false, {"alpha"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha|beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require version-bootloader=1234", "version-bootloader", "", false,
+                             {"1234"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product:gamma version-bootloader=istanbul",
+                             "version-bootloader", "gamma", false, {"istanbul"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product:gamma version-bootloader=istanbul|constantinople",
+                             "version-bootloader", "gamma", false, {"istanbul", "constantinople"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require partition-exists=vendor", "partition-exists", "", false,
+                             {"vendor"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("reject product=alpha", "product", "", true, {"alpha"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("reject product=alpha|beta|gamma", "product", "", true,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+
+    // Without any prefix, assume 'require'
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("product=alpha|beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    // Including if the variable name is otherwise a prefix keyword
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require = alpha", "require", "", false, {"alpha"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("reject = alpha", "reject", "", false, {"alpha"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product:gamma = alpha", "require-for-product:gamma", "",
+                             false, {"alpha"});
+
+    // Extra spaces are allowed.
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require    product=alpha|beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product    =alpha|beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=   alpha|beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product   =   alpha|beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha  |beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha|  beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha  |  beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha|beta|gamma   ", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("product  =  alpha  |  beta  |  gamma   ", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product:  gamma version-bootloader=istanbul",
+                             "version-bootloader", "gamma", false, {"istanbul"});
+
+    // Extraneous ending | is okay, implies accepting an empty string.
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha|", "product", "", false, {"alpha", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha|beta|gamma|", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "gamma", ""});
+
+    // Accept empty options, double ||, etc, implies accepting an empty string.
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha||beta|   |gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "", "beta", "", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha||beta|gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "", "beta", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha|beta|   |gamma", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", "", "gamma"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha||", "product", "", false, {"alpha", "", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha|| ", "product", "", false, {"alpha", "", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha| ", "product", "", false, {"alpha", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=alpha|beta| ", "product", "", false,
+                             {"alpha", "beta", ""});
+
+    // No option string is also treating as accepting an empty string.
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require =", "require", "", false, {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require = |", "require", "", false, {"", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("reject =", "reject", "", false, {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("reject = |", "reject", "", false, {"", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product: =", "require-for-product:", "", false, {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product: = | ", "require-for-product:", "", false,
+                             {"", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product=", "product", "", false, {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product = ", "product", "", false, {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require product = | ", "product", "", false, {"", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("reject product=", "product", "", true, {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("reject product = ", "product", "", true, {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("reject product = | ", "product", "", true, {"", ""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product:gamma product=", "product", "gamma", false, {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product:gamma product = ", "product", "gamma", false,
+                             {""});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require-for-product:gamma product = |", "product", "gamma", false,
+                             {"", ""});
+
+    // Check for board -> product substitution.
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("require board=alpha", "product", "", false, {"alpha"});
+    ParseRequirementLineTest("board=alpha", "product", "", false, {"alpha"});
+}
+
+static void ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed(const std::string& line) {
+    std::string name;
+    std::string product;
+    bool invert;
+    std::vector<std::string> options;
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(ParseRequirementLine(line, &name, &product, &invert, &options)) << line;
+}
+
+TEST(FastBoot, ParseRequirementLineMalformed) {
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("nothing");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("=");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("|");
+
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("require");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("require ");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("reject");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("reject ");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("require-for-product:");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("require-for-product: ");
+
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("require product");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("reject product");
+
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("require-for-product:gamma");
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("require-for-product:gamma product");
+
+    // No spaces allowed before between require-for-product and :.
+    ParseRequirementLineTestMalformed("require-for-product :");
+}
diff --git a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/fixtures.cpp b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/fixtures.cpp
index 4da71ca..c18af1d 100644
--- a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/fixtures.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/fixtures.cpp
@@ -121,8 +121,7 @@
     } else {
         ASSERT_EQ(device_path, cb_scratch);  // The path can not change
     }
-    fb = std::unique_ptr<FastBootDriver>(
-            new FastBootDriver(transport.get(), [](std::string&) {}, true));
+    fb = std::unique_ptr<FastBootDriver>(new FastBootDriver(transport.get(), {}, true));
 }
 
 void FastBootTest::TearDown() {
@@ -204,8 +203,7 @@
             putchar('.');
         }
         device_path = cb_scratch;
-        fb = std::unique_ptr<FastBootDriver>(
-                new FastBootDriver(transport.get(), [](std::string&) {}, true));
+        fb = std::unique_ptr<FastBootDriver>(new FastBootDriver(transport.get(), {}, true));
         if (assert_change) {
             ASSERT_EQ(fb->GetVar("unlocked", &resp), SUCCESS) << "getvar:unlocked failed";
             ASSERT_EQ(resp, unlock ? "yes" : "no")
diff --git a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/main.cpp b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/main.cpp
index 8fb5a6a..90a2e74 100644
--- a/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/main.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/fuzzy_fastboot/main.cpp
@@ -441,9 +441,6 @@
         ASSERT_TRUE(*sparse) << "Sparse file creation failed on: " << bs;
         EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse), SUCCESS) << "Download sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
         EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-        EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse, true), SUCCESS)
-                << "Download sparse with crc failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-        EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
     }
 }
 
@@ -462,9 +459,6 @@
                 << "Adding data failed to sparse file: " << sparse.Rep();
         EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse), SUCCESS) << "Download sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
         EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-        EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse, true), SUCCESS)
-                << "Download sparse with crc failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-        EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
     }
 }
 
@@ -474,9 +468,6 @@
     ASSERT_TRUE(*sparse) << "Sparse image creation failed";
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse), SUCCESS) << "Download sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-    EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse, true), SUCCESS)
-            << "Download sparse with crc failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-    EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
 }
 
 TEST_F(Conformance, SparseDownload1) {
@@ -487,9 +478,6 @@
             << "Adding data failed to sparse file: " << sparse.Rep();
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse), SUCCESS) << "Download sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-    EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse, true), SUCCESS)
-            << "Download sparse with crc failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-    EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
 }
 
 TEST_F(Conformance, SparseDownload2) {
@@ -503,9 +491,6 @@
             << "Adding data failed to sparse file: " << sparse.Rep();
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse), SUCCESS) << "Download sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-    EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse, true), SUCCESS)
-            << "Download sparse with crc failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-    EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
 }
 
 TEST_F(Conformance, SparseDownload3) {
@@ -537,9 +522,6 @@
     }
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse), SUCCESS) << "Download sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-    EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(*sparse, true), SUCCESS)
-            << "Download sparse with crc failed: " << sparse.Rep();
-    EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), SUCCESS) << "Flashing sparse failed: " << sparse.Rep();
 }
 
 TEST_F(Conformance, SparseVersionCheck) {
@@ -559,24 +541,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(Conformance, SparseCRCCheck) {
-    SparseWrapper sparse(4096, 4096);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(*sparse) << "Sparse image creation failed";
-    std::vector<char> buf = RandomBuf(4096);
-    ASSERT_EQ(sparse_file_add_data(*sparse, buf.data(), buf.size(), 0), 0)
-            << "Adding data failed to sparse file: " << sparse.Rep();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(SparseToBuf(*sparse, &buf, true)) << "Sparse buffer creation failed";
-    // Flip a bit in the crc
-    buf.back() = buf.back() ^ 0x01;
-    ASSERT_EQ(DownloadCommand(buf.size()), SUCCESS) << "Device rejected download command";
-    ASSERT_EQ(SendBuffer(buf), SUCCESS) << "Downloading payload failed";
-    // It can either reject this download or reject it during flash
-    if (HandleResponse() != DEVICE_FAIL) {
-        EXPECT_EQ(fb->Flash("userdata"), DEVICE_FAIL)
-                << "Flashing an invalid sparse version should fail " << sparse.Rep();
-    }
-}
-
 TEST_F(UnlockPermissions, Download) {
     std::vector<char> buf{'a', 'o', 's', 'p'};
     EXPECT_EQ(fb->Download(buf), SUCCESS) << "Download 4-byte payload failed";
diff --git a/fastboot/main.cpp b/fastboot/main.cpp
index c3683f7..35f4218 100644
--- a/fastboot/main.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/main.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
  * SUCH DAMAGE.
  */
 
-#include "engine.h"
+#include "fastboot.h"
 
 int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
     FastBootTool fb;
diff --git a/fastboot/util.cpp b/fastboot/util.cpp
index 125182d..d02b37f 100644
--- a/fastboot/util.cpp
+++ b/fastboot/util.cpp
@@ -69,14 +69,3 @@
     }
     fprintf(stderr, "\n");
 }
-
-void Status(const std::string& message) {
-    static constexpr char kStatusFormat[] = "%-50s ";
-    fprintf(stderr, kStatusFormat, message.c_str());
-}
-
-char* xstrdup(const char* s) {
-    char* result = strdup(s);
-    if (!result) die("out of memory");
-    return result;
-}
diff --git a/fastboot/util.h b/fastboot/util.h
index 20be461..2535414 100644
--- a/fastboot/util.h
+++ b/fastboot/util.h
@@ -9,11 +9,8 @@
 
 /* util stuff */
 double now();
-char* xstrdup(const char*);
 void set_verbose();
 
-void Status(const std::string& message);
-
 // These printf-like functions are implemented in terms of vsnprintf, so they
 // use the same attribute for compile-time format string checking.
 void die(const char* fmt, ...) __attribute__((__noreturn__))
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
index 38ecc31..208162e 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr.cpp
@@ -529,8 +529,18 @@
     errno = 0;
     ret = mount(source, target, rec->fs_type, mountflags, rec->fs_options);
     save_errno = errno;
-    PINFO << __FUNCTION__ << "(source=" << source << ",target=" << target
-          << ",type=" << rec->fs_type << ")=" << ret;
+    const char* target_missing = "";
+    const char* source_missing = "";
+    if (save_errno == ENOENT) {
+        if (access(target, F_OK)) {
+            target_missing = "(missing)";
+        } else if (access(source, F_OK)) {
+            source_missing = "(missing)";
+        }
+        errno = save_errno;
+    }
+    PINFO << __FUNCTION__ << "(source=" << source << source_missing << ",target=" << target
+          << target_missing << ",type=" << rec->fs_type << ")=" << ret;
     if ((ret == 0) && (mountflags & MS_RDONLY) != 0) {
         fs_mgr_set_blk_ro(source);
     }
@@ -569,8 +579,7 @@
  *   -1 on failure with errno set to match the 1st mount failure.
  *   0 on success.
  */
-static int mount_with_alternatives(struct fstab *fstab, int start_idx, int *end_idx, int *attempted_idx)
-{
+static int mount_with_alternatives(fstab* fstab, int start_idx, int* end_idx, int* attempted_idx) {
     int i;
     int mount_errno = 0;
     int mounted = 0;
@@ -805,6 +814,23 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+static bool call_vdc_ret(const std::vector<std::string>& args, int* ret) {
+    std::vector<char const*> argv;
+    argv.emplace_back("/system/bin/vdc");
+    for (auto& arg : args) {
+        argv.emplace_back(arg.c_str());
+    }
+    LOG(INFO) << "Calling: " << android::base::Join(argv, ' ');
+    int err = android_fork_execvp(argv.size(), const_cast<char**>(argv.data()), ret, false, true);
+    if (err != 0) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "vdc call failed with error code: " << err;
+        return false;
+    }
+    LOG(DEBUG) << "vdc finished successfully";
+    *ret = WEXITSTATUS(*ret);
+    return true;
+}
+
 bool fs_mgr_update_logical_partition(struct fstab_rec* rec) {
     // Logical partitions are specified with a named partition rather than a
     // block device, so if the block device is a path, then it has already
@@ -823,19 +849,70 @@
     return true;
 }
 
+bool fs_mgr_update_checkpoint_partition(struct fstab_rec* rec) {
+    if (fs_mgr_is_checkpoint_fs(rec)) {
+        if (!strcmp(rec->fs_type, "f2fs")) {
+            std::string opts(rec->fs_options);
+
+            opts += ",checkpoint=disable";
+            free(rec->fs_options);
+            rec->fs_options = strdup(opts.c_str());
+        } else {
+            LERROR << rec->fs_type << " does not implement checkpoints.";
+        }
+    } else if (fs_mgr_is_checkpoint_blk(rec)) {
+        call_vdc({"checkpoint", "restoreCheckpoint", rec->blk_device});
+
+        android::base::unique_fd fd(
+                TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(rec->blk_device, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC)));
+        if (!fd) {
+            PERROR << "Cannot open device " << rec->blk_device;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        uint64_t size = get_block_device_size(fd) / 512;
+        if (!size) {
+            PERROR << "Cannot get device size";
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        android::dm::DmTable table;
+        if (!table.AddTarget(
+                    std::make_unique<android::dm::DmTargetBow>(0, size, rec->blk_device))) {
+            LERROR << "Failed to add Bow target";
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        DeviceMapper& dm = DeviceMapper::Instance();
+        if (!dm.CreateDevice("bow", table)) {
+            PERROR << "Failed to create bow device";
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        std::string name;
+        if (!dm.GetDmDevicePathByName("bow", &name)) {
+            PERROR << "Failed to get bow device name";
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        rec->blk_device = strdup(name.c_str());
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 /* When multiple fstab records share the same mount_point, it will
  * try to mount each one in turn, and ignore any duplicates after a
  * first successful mount.
  * Returns -1 on error, and  FS_MGR_MNTALL_* otherwise.
  */
-int fs_mgr_mount_all(struct fstab *fstab, int mount_mode)
-{
+int fs_mgr_mount_all(fstab* fstab, int mount_mode) {
     int i = 0;
     int encryptable = FS_MGR_MNTALL_DEV_NOT_ENCRYPTABLE;
     int error_count = 0;
     int mret = -1;
     int mount_errno = 0;
     int attempted_idx = -1;
+    int need_checkpoint = -1;
     FsManagerAvbUniquePtr avb_handle(nullptr);
 
     if (!fstab) {
@@ -882,6 +959,18 @@
             }
         }
 
+        if (fs_mgr_is_checkpoint(&fstab->recs[i])) {
+            if (need_checkpoint == -1 &&
+                !call_vdc_ret({"checkpoint", "needsCheckpoint"}, &need_checkpoint)) {
+                LERROR << "Failed to find if checkpointing is needed. Assuming no.";
+                need_checkpoint = 0;
+            }
+            if (need_checkpoint == 1 && !fs_mgr_update_checkpoint_partition(&fstab->recs[i])) {
+                LERROR << "Could not set up checkpoint partition, skipping!";
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
         if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_WAIT &&
             !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(fstab->recs[i].blk_device, 20s)) {
             LERROR << "Skipping '" << fstab->recs[i].blk_device << "' during mount_all";
@@ -1045,7 +1134,7 @@
     }
 
 #if ALLOW_ADBD_DISABLE_VERITY == 1  // "userdebug" build
-    fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all();
+    fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all(fstab);
 #endif
 
     if (error_count) {
@@ -1081,9 +1170,8 @@
  * If multiple fstab entries are to be mounted on "n_name", it will try to mount each one
  * in turn, and stop on 1st success, or no more match.
  */
-int fs_mgr_do_mount(struct fstab *fstab, const char *n_name, char *n_blk_device,
-                    char *tmp_mount_point)
-{
+static int fs_mgr_do_mount_helper(fstab* fstab, const char* n_name, char* n_blk_device,
+                                  char* tmp_mount_point, int need_checkpoint) {
     int i = 0;
     int mount_errors = 0;
     int first_mount_errno = 0;
@@ -1116,6 +1204,18 @@
             }
         }
 
+        if (fs_mgr_is_checkpoint(&fstab->recs[i])) {
+            if (need_checkpoint == -1 &&
+                !call_vdc_ret({"checkpoint", "needsCheckpoint"}, &need_checkpoint)) {
+                LERROR << "Failed to find if checkpointing is needed. Assuming no.";
+                need_checkpoint = 0;
+            }
+            if (need_checkpoint == 1 && !fs_mgr_update_checkpoint_partition(&fstab->recs[i])) {
+                LERROR << "Could not set up checkpoint partition, skipping!";
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
         /* First check the filesystem if requested */
         if (fstab->recs[i].fs_mgr_flags & MF_WAIT && !fs_mgr_wait_for_file(n_blk_device, 20s)) {
             LERROR << "Skipping mounting '" << n_blk_device << "'";
@@ -1185,6 +1285,15 @@
     return FS_MGR_DOMNT_FAILED;
 }
 
+int fs_mgr_do_mount(fstab* fstab, const char* n_name, char* n_blk_device, char* tmp_mount_point) {
+    return fs_mgr_do_mount_helper(fstab, n_name, n_blk_device, tmp_mount_point, -1);
+}
+
+int fs_mgr_do_mount(fstab* fstab, const char* n_name, char* n_blk_device, char* tmp_mount_point,
+                    bool needs_cp) {
+    return fs_mgr_do_mount_helper(fstab, n_name, n_blk_device, tmp_mount_point, needs_cp);
+}
+
 /*
  * mount a tmpfs filesystem at the given point.
  * return 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
@@ -1207,8 +1316,7 @@
 /* This must be called after mount_all, because the mkswap command needs to be
  * available.
  */
-int fs_mgr_swapon_all(struct fstab *fstab)
-{
+int fs_mgr_swapon_all(fstab* fstab) {
     int i = 0;
     int flags = 0;
     int err = 0;
@@ -1294,7 +1402,7 @@
     return ret;
 }
 
-struct fstab_rec const* fs_mgr_get_crypt_entry(struct fstab const* fstab) {
+struct fstab_rec const* fs_mgr_get_crypt_entry(fstab const* fstab) {
     int i;
 
     if (!fstab) {
@@ -1318,7 +1426,7 @@
  *
  * real_blk_device must be at least PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX bytes long
  */
-void fs_mgr_get_crypt_info(struct fstab* fstab, char* key_loc, char* real_blk_device, size_t size) {
+void fs_mgr_get_crypt_info(fstab* fstab, char* key_loc, char* real_blk_device, size_t size) {
     struct fstab_rec const* rec = fs_mgr_get_crypt_entry(fstab);
     if (key_loc) {
         if (rec) {
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
index 1585b4c..fc3a05c 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_fstab.cpp
@@ -80,37 +80,39 @@
 };
 
 static struct flag_list fs_mgr_flags[] = {
-    {"wait", MF_WAIT},
-    {"check", MF_CHECK},
-    {"encryptable=", MF_CRYPT},
-    {"forceencrypt=", MF_FORCECRYPT},
-    {"fileencryption=", MF_FILEENCRYPTION},
-    {"forcefdeorfbe=", MF_FORCEFDEORFBE},
-    {"keydirectory=", MF_KEYDIRECTORY},
-    {"nonremovable", MF_NONREMOVABLE},
-    {"voldmanaged=", MF_VOLDMANAGED},
-    {"length=", MF_LENGTH},
-    {"recoveryonly", MF_RECOVERYONLY},
-    {"swapprio=", MF_SWAPPRIO},
-    {"zramsize=", MF_ZRAMSIZE},
-    {"max_comp_streams=", MF_MAX_COMP_STREAMS},
-    {"verifyatboot", MF_VERIFYATBOOT},
-    {"verify", MF_VERIFY},
-    {"avb", MF_AVB},
-    {"noemulatedsd", MF_NOEMULATEDSD},
-    {"notrim", MF_NOTRIM},
-    {"formattable", MF_FORMATTABLE},
-    {"slotselect", MF_SLOTSELECT},
-    {"nofail", MF_NOFAIL},
-    {"latemount", MF_LATEMOUNT},
-    {"reservedsize=", MF_RESERVEDSIZE},
-    {"quota", MF_QUOTA},
-    {"eraseblk=", MF_ERASEBLKSIZE},
-    {"logicalblk=", MF_LOGICALBLKSIZE},
-    {"sysfs_path=", MF_SYSFS},
-    {"defaults", 0},
-    {"logical", MF_LOGICAL},
-    {0, 0},
+        {"wait", MF_WAIT},
+        {"check", MF_CHECK},
+        {"encryptable=", MF_CRYPT},
+        {"forceencrypt=", MF_FORCECRYPT},
+        {"fileencryption=", MF_FILEENCRYPTION},
+        {"forcefdeorfbe=", MF_FORCEFDEORFBE},
+        {"keydirectory=", MF_KEYDIRECTORY},
+        {"nonremovable", MF_NONREMOVABLE},
+        {"voldmanaged=", MF_VOLDMANAGED},
+        {"length=", MF_LENGTH},
+        {"recoveryonly", MF_RECOVERYONLY},
+        {"swapprio=", MF_SWAPPRIO},
+        {"zramsize=", MF_ZRAMSIZE},
+        {"max_comp_streams=", MF_MAX_COMP_STREAMS},
+        {"verifyatboot", MF_VERIFYATBOOT},
+        {"verify", MF_VERIFY},
+        {"avb", MF_AVB},
+        {"noemulatedsd", MF_NOEMULATEDSD},
+        {"notrim", MF_NOTRIM},
+        {"formattable", MF_FORMATTABLE},
+        {"slotselect", MF_SLOTSELECT},
+        {"nofail", MF_NOFAIL},
+        {"latemount", MF_LATEMOUNT},
+        {"reservedsize=", MF_RESERVEDSIZE},
+        {"quota", MF_QUOTA},
+        {"eraseblk=", MF_ERASEBLKSIZE},
+        {"logicalblk=", MF_LOGICALBLKSIZE},
+        {"sysfs_path=", MF_SYSFS},
+        {"defaults", 0},
+        {"logical", MF_LOGICAL},
+        {"checkpoint=block", MF_CHECKPOINT_BLK},
+        {"checkpoint=fs", MF_CHECKPOINT_FS},
+        {0, 0},
 };
 
 #define EM_AES_256_XTS  1
@@ -1002,3 +1004,15 @@
 int fs_mgr_is_logical(const struct fstab_rec* fstab) {
     return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_LOGICAL;
 }
+
+int fs_mgr_is_checkpoint(const struct fstab_rec* fstab) {
+    return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & (MF_CHECKPOINT_FS | MF_CHECKPOINT_BLK);
+}
+
+int fs_mgr_is_checkpoint_fs(const struct fstab_rec* fstab) {
+    return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_CHECKPOINT_FS;
+}
+
+int fs_mgr_is_checkpoint_blk(const struct fstab_rec* fstab) {
+    return fstab->fs_mgr_flags & MF_CHECKPOINT_BLK;
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp
index 720dcfd..07b2a7a 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_overlayfs.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
 
 #if ALLOW_ADBD_DISABLE_VERITY == 0  // If we are a user build, provide stubs
 
-bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all() {
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all(const fstab*) {
     return false;
 }
 
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@
     struct statvfs vst;
     if (statvfs(mount_point, &vst)) return true;
 
-    static constexpr int percent = 1;  // 1%
+    static constexpr int kPercentThreshold = 1;  // 1%
 
-    return (vst.f_bfree >= (vst.f_blocks * percent / 100));
+    return (vst.f_bfree >= (vst.f_blocks * kPercentThreshold / 100));
 }
 
 bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_enabled(const struct fstab_rec* fsrec) {
@@ -123,32 +123,32 @@
            !fs_mgr_filesystem_has_space(fsrec->mount_point);
 }
 
-constexpr char upper_name[] = "upper";
-constexpr char work_name[] = "work";
+const auto kUpperName = "upper"s;
+const auto kWorkName = "work"s;
+const auto kOverlayTopDir = "/overlay"s;
 
 std::string fs_mgr_get_overlayfs_candidate(const std::string& mount_point) {
     if (!fs_mgr_is_dir(mount_point)) return "";
-    auto dir = kOverlayMountPoint + "/overlay/" + android::base::Basename(mount_point) + "/";
-    auto upper = dir + upper_name;
+    auto dir =
+            kOverlayMountPoint + kOverlayTopDir + "/" + android::base::Basename(mount_point) + "/";
+    auto upper = dir + kUpperName;
     if (!fs_mgr_is_dir(upper)) return "";
-    auto work = dir + work_name;
+    auto work = dir + kWorkName;
     if (!fs_mgr_is_dir(work)) return "";
     if (!fs_mgr_dir_is_writable(work)) return "";
     return dir;
 }
 
-constexpr char lowerdir_option[] = "lowerdir=";
-constexpr char upperdir_option[] = "upperdir=";
+const auto kLowerdirOption = "lowerdir="s;
+const auto kUpperdirOption = "upperdir="s;
 
 // default options for mount_point, returns empty string for none available.
 std::string fs_mgr_get_overlayfs_options(const std::string& mount_point) {
     auto candidate = fs_mgr_get_overlayfs_candidate(mount_point);
     if (candidate.empty()) return "";
 
-    auto context = fs_mgr_get_context(mount_point);
-    if (!context.empty()) context = ",rootcontext="s + context;
-    return "override_creds=off,"s + lowerdir_option + mount_point + "," + upperdir_option +
-           candidate + upper_name + ",workdir=" + candidate + work_name + context;
+    return "override_creds=off,"s + kLowerdirOption + mount_point + "," + kUpperdirOption +
+           candidate + kUpperName + ",workdir=" + candidate + kWorkName;
 }
 
 bool fs_mgr_system_root_image(const fstab* fstab) {
@@ -192,6 +192,40 @@
     return overlayfs_in_kernel;
 }
 
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_already_mounted(const std::string& mount_point) {
+    std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab("/proc/mounts"),
+                                                               fs_mgr_free_fstab);
+    if (!fstab) return false;
+    const auto lowerdir = kLowerdirOption + mount_point;
+    for (auto i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; ++i) {
+        const auto fsrec = &fstab->recs[i];
+        const auto fs_type = fsrec->fs_type;
+        if (!fs_type) continue;
+        if (("overlay"s != fs_type) && ("overlayfs"s != fs_type)) continue;
+        auto fsrec_mount_point = fsrec->mount_point;
+        if (!fsrec_mount_point) continue;
+        if (mount_point != fsrec_mount_point) continue;
+        const auto fs_options = fsrec->fs_options;
+        if (!fs_options) continue;
+        const auto options = android::base::Split(fs_options, ",");
+        for (const auto& opt : options) {
+            if (opt == lowerdir) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_verity_enabled(const std::string& basename_mount_point) {
+    auto found = false;
+    fs_mgr_update_verity_state(
+            [&basename_mount_point, &found](fstab_rec*, const char* mount_point, int, int) {
+                if (mount_point && (basename_mount_point == mount_point)) found = true;
+            });
+    return found;
+}
+
 bool fs_mgr_wants_overlayfs(const fstab_rec* fsrec) {
     if (!fsrec) return false;
 
@@ -215,14 +249,7 @@
 
     if (!fs_mgr_overlayfs_enabled(fsrec)) return false;
 
-    // Verity enabled?
-    const auto basename_mount_point(android::base::Basename(fsrec_mount_point));
-    auto found = false;
-    fs_mgr_update_verity_state(
-            [&basename_mount_point, &found](fstab_rec*, const char* mount_point, int, int) {
-                if (mount_point && (basename_mount_point == mount_point)) found = true;
-            });
-    return !found;
+    return !fs_mgr_overlayfs_verity_enabled(android::base::Basename(fsrec_mount_point));
 }
 
 bool fs_mgr_rm_all(const std::string& path, bool* change = nullptr) {
@@ -233,7 +260,7 @@
             errno = save_errno;
             return true;
         }
-        PERROR << "overlayfs open " << path;
+        PERROR << "opendir " << path;
         return false;
     }
     dirent* entry;
@@ -251,7 +278,7 @@
                 if (change) *change = true;
             } else {
                 ret = false;
-                PERROR << "overlayfs rmdir " << file;
+                PERROR << "rmdir " << file;
             }
             continue;
         }
@@ -259,39 +286,39 @@
             if (change) *change = true;
         } else {
             ret = false;
-            PERROR << "overlayfs rm " << file;
+            PERROR << "rm " << file;
         }
     }
     return ret;
 }
 
-constexpr char overlayfs_file_context[] = "u:object_r:overlayfs_file:s0";
+constexpr char kOverlayfsFileContext[] = "u:object_r:overlayfs_file:s0";
 
 bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_setup_one(const std::string& overlay, const std::string& mount_point,
                                 bool* change) {
     auto ret = true;
-    auto fsrec_mount_point = overlay + android::base::Basename(mount_point) + "/";
+    auto fsrec_mount_point = overlay + "/" + android::base::Basename(mount_point) + "/";
 
-    if (setfscreatecon(overlayfs_file_context)) {
+    if (setfscreatecon(kOverlayfsFileContext)) {
         ret = false;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs setfscreatecon " << overlayfs_file_context;
+        PERROR << "setfscreatecon " << kOverlayfsFileContext;
     }
     auto save_errno = errno;
     if (!mkdir(fsrec_mount_point.c_str(), 0755)) {
         if (change) *change = true;
     } else if (errno != EEXIST) {
         ret = false;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs mkdir " << fsrec_mount_point;
+        PERROR << "mkdir " << fsrec_mount_point;
     } else {
         errno = save_errno;
     }
 
     save_errno = errno;
-    if (!mkdir((fsrec_mount_point + work_name).c_str(), 0755)) {
+    if (!mkdir((fsrec_mount_point + kWorkName).c_str(), 0755)) {
         if (change) *change = true;
     } else if (errno != EEXIST) {
         ret = false;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs mkdir " << fsrec_mount_point << work_name;
+        PERROR << "mkdir " << fsrec_mount_point << kWorkName;
     } else {
         errno = save_errno;
     }
@@ -300,15 +327,15 @@
     auto new_context = fs_mgr_get_context(mount_point);
     if (!new_context.empty() && setfscreatecon(new_context.c_str())) {
         ret = false;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs setfscreatecon " << new_context;
+        PERROR << "setfscreatecon " << new_context;
     }
-    auto upper = fsrec_mount_point + upper_name;
+    auto upper = fsrec_mount_point + kUpperName;
     save_errno = errno;
     if (!mkdir(upper.c_str(), 0755)) {
         if (change) *change = true;
     } else if (errno != EEXIST) {
         ret = false;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs mkdir " << upper;
+        PERROR << "mkdir " << upper;
     } else {
         errno = save_errno;
     }
@@ -325,7 +352,7 @@
     auto report = "__mount(source=overlay,target="s + mount_point + ",type=overlay";
     const auto opt_list = android::base::Split(options, ",");
     for (const auto opt : opt_list) {
-        if (android::base::StartsWith(opt, upperdir_option)) {
+        if (android::base::StartsWith(opt, kUpperdirOption)) {
             report = report + "," + opt;
             break;
         }
@@ -343,31 +370,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_already_mounted(const std::string& mount_point) {
-    std::unique_ptr<struct fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(
-            fs_mgr_read_fstab("/proc/mounts"), fs_mgr_free_fstab);
-    if (!fstab) return false;
-    const auto lowerdir = std::string(lowerdir_option) + mount_point;
-    for (auto i = 0; i < fstab->num_entries; ++i) {
-        const auto fsrec = &fstab->recs[i];
-        const auto fs_type = fsrec->fs_type;
-        if (!fs_type) continue;
-        if (("overlay"s != fs_type) && ("overlayfs"s != fs_type)) continue;
-        auto fsrec_mount_point = fsrec->mount_point;
-        if (!fsrec_mount_point) continue;
-        if (mount_point != fsrec_mount_point) continue;
-        const auto fs_options = fsrec->fs_options;
-        if (!fs_options) continue;
-        const auto options = android::base::Split(fs_options, ",");
-        for (const auto opt : options) {
-            if (opt == lowerdir) {
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
 std::vector<std::string> fs_mgr_candidate_list(const fstab* fstab,
                                                const char* mount_point = nullptr) {
     std::vector<std::string> mounts;
@@ -393,21 +395,28 @@
         }
         if (!duplicate_or_more_specific) mounts.emplace_back(new_mount_point);
     }
+    // if not itemized /system or /, system as root, fake up
+    // fs_mgr_wants_overlayfs evaluation of /system as candidate.
+
+    if ((std::find(mounts.begin(), mounts.end(), "/system") == mounts.end()) &&
+        !fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(const_cast<struct fstab*>(fstab), "/") &&
+        !fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(const_cast<struct fstab*>(fstab), "/system") &&
+        !fs_mgr_overlayfs_verity_enabled("system")) {
+        mounts.emplace_back("/system");
+    }
     return mounts;
 }
 
 }  // namespace
 
-bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all() {
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all(const fstab* fstab) {
     auto ret = false;
 
     if (!fs_mgr_wants_overlayfs()) return ret;
 
-    std::unique_ptr<struct fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
-                                                                      fs_mgr_free_fstab);
     if (!fstab) return ret;
 
-    for (const auto& mount_point : fs_mgr_candidate_list(fstab.get())) {
+    for (const auto& mount_point : fs_mgr_candidate_list(fstab)) {
         if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_already_mounted(mount_point)) continue;
         if (fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount(mount_point)) ret = true;
     }
@@ -426,25 +435,25 @@
     if (!fs_mgr_wants_overlayfs()) return ret;
     if (!fs_mgr_boot_completed()) {
         errno = EBUSY;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs setup";
+        PERROR << "setup";
         return ret;
     }
 
-    std::unique_ptr<struct fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
-                                                                      fs_mgr_free_fstab);
+    std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)> fstab(fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(),
+                                                               fs_mgr_free_fstab);
     if (fstab && !fs_mgr_get_entry_for_mount_point(fstab.get(), kOverlayMountPoint)) return ret;
     auto mounts = fs_mgr_candidate_list(fstab.get(), fs_mgr_mount_point(fstab.get(), mount_point));
     if (fstab && mounts.empty()) return ret;
 
-    if (setfscreatecon(overlayfs_file_context)) {
-        PERROR << "overlayfs setfscreatecon " << overlayfs_file_context;
+    if (setfscreatecon(kOverlayfsFileContext)) {
+        PERROR << "setfscreatecon " << kOverlayfsFileContext;
     }
-    auto overlay = kOverlayMountPoint + "/overlay/";
+    auto overlay = kOverlayMountPoint + kOverlayTopDir;
     auto save_errno = errno;
     if (!mkdir(overlay.c_str(), 0755)) {
         if (change) *change = true;
     } else if (errno != EEXIST) {
-        PERROR << "overlayfs mkdir " << overlay;
+        PERROR << "mkdir " << overlay;
     } else {
         errno = save_errno;
     }
@@ -462,13 +471,13 @@
 // If something is altered, set *change.
 bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_teardown(const char* mount_point, bool* change) {
     if (change) *change = false;
-    mount_point = fs_mgr_mount_point(std::unique_ptr<struct fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)>(
+    mount_point = fs_mgr_mount_point(std::unique_ptr<fstab, decltype(&fs_mgr_free_fstab)>(
                                              fs_mgr_read_fstab_default(), fs_mgr_free_fstab)
                                              .get(),
                                      mount_point);
     auto ret = true;
-    const auto overlay = kOverlayMountPoint + "/overlay";
-    const auto oldpath = overlay + (mount_point ?: "");
+    const auto overlay = kOverlayMountPoint + kOverlayTopDir;
+    const auto oldpath = overlay + (mount_point ? "/"s + mount_point : ""s);
     const auto newpath = oldpath + ".teardown";
     ret &= fs_mgr_rm_all(newpath);
     auto save_errno = errno;
@@ -476,7 +485,7 @@
         if (change) *change = true;
     } else if (errno != ENOENT) {
         ret = false;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs mv " << oldpath << " " << newpath;
+        PERROR << "mv " << oldpath << " " << newpath;
     } else {
         errno = save_errno;
     }
@@ -486,7 +495,7 @@
         if (change) *change = true;
     } else if (errno != ENOENT) {
         ret = false;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs rmdir " << newpath;
+        PERROR << "rmdir " << newpath;
     } else {
         errno = save_errno;
     }
@@ -496,7 +505,7 @@
             if (change) *change = true;
         } else if ((errno != ENOENT) && (errno != ENOTEMPTY)) {
             ret = false;
-            PERROR << "overlayfs rmdir " << overlay;
+            PERROR << "rmdir " << overlay;
         } else {
             errno = save_errno;
         }
@@ -511,7 +520,7 @@
     // caller that there may still be more to do.
     if (!fs_mgr_boot_completed()) {
         errno = EBUSY;
-        PERROR << "overlayfs teardown";
+        PERROR << "teardown";
         ret = false;
     }
     return ret;
diff --git a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
index ebc4a0f..506e81d 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/fs_mgr_priv.h
@@ -113,6 +113,8 @@
 #define MF_KEYDIRECTORY    0X4000000
 #define MF_SYSFS           0X8000000
 #define MF_LOGICAL        0x10000000
+#define MF_CHECKPOINT_BLK 0x20000000
+#define MF_CHECKPOINT_FS  0x40000000
 // clang-format on
 
 #define DM_BUF_SIZE 4096
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr.h b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr.h
index 1049fb6..cee069b 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr.h
@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@
 
 int fs_mgr_do_mount(struct fstab *fstab, const char *n_name, char *n_blk_device,
                     char *tmp_mount_point);
+int fs_mgr_do_mount(struct fstab* fstab, const char* n_name, char* n_blk_device,
+                    char* tmp_mount_point, bool need_cp);
 int fs_mgr_do_mount_one(struct fstab_rec *rec);
 int fs_mgr_do_tmpfs_mount(const char *n_name);
 struct fstab_rec const* fs_mgr_get_crypt_entry(struct fstab const* fstab);
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_overlayfs.h b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_overlayfs.h
index ceb45de..251dd9b 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_overlayfs.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/include/fs_mgr_overlayfs.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
-bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all();
+bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all(const fstab* fstab);
 bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_setup(const char* backing = nullptr, const char* mount_point = nullptr,
                             bool* change = nullptr);
 bool fs_mgr_overlayfs_teardown(const char* mount_point = nullptr, bool* change = nullptr);
diff --git a/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h b/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h
index b1ee328..bb40511 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/include_fstab/fstab/fstab.h
@@ -86,6 +86,9 @@
 int fs_mgr_is_latemount(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
 int fs_mgr_is_quota(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
 int fs_mgr_is_logical(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
+int fs_mgr_is_checkpoint(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
+int fs_mgr_is_checkpoint_fs(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
+int fs_mgr_is_checkpoint_blk(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
 int fs_mgr_has_sysfs_path(const struct fstab_rec* fstab);
 
 std::string fs_mgr_get_slot_suffix();
diff --git a/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm_target.h b/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm_target.h
index aab89e5..175b0f0 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm_target.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/libdm/include/libdm/dm_target.h
@@ -156,6 +156,20 @@
     std::string target_string_;
 };
 
+// dm-bow is the backup on write target that can provide checkpoint capability
+// for file systems that do not support checkpoints natively
+class DmTargetBow final : public DmTarget {
+  public:
+    DmTargetBow(uint64_t start, uint64_t length, const std::string& target_string)
+        : DmTarget(start, length), target_string_(target_string) {}
+
+    std::string name() const override { return "bow"; }
+    std::string GetParameterString() const override { return target_string_; }
+
+  private:
+    std::string target_string_;
+};
+
 }  // namespace dm
 }  // namespace android
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/builder.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/builder.cpp
index 018c280..d9a0e9c 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/builder.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/builder.cpp
@@ -79,8 +79,9 @@
     out->extents.push_back(LpMetadataExtent{num_sectors_, LP_TARGET_TYPE_ZERO, 0});
 }
 
-Partition::Partition(const std::string& name, const std::string& guid, uint32_t attributes)
-    : name_(name), guid_(guid), attributes_(attributes), size_(0) {}
+Partition::Partition(const std::string& name, const std::string& group_name,
+                     const std::string& guid, uint32_t attributes)
+    : name_(name), group_name_(group_name), guid_(guid), attributes_(attributes), size_(0) {}
 
 void Partition::AddExtent(std::unique_ptr<Extent>&& extent) {
     size_ += extent->num_sectors() * LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
@@ -128,6 +129,17 @@
     DCHECK(size_ == aligned_size);
 }
 
+uint64_t Partition::BytesOnDisk() const {
+    uint64_t sectors = 0;
+    for (const auto& extent : extents_) {
+        if (!extent->AsLinearExtent()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        sectors += extent->num_sectors();
+    }
+    return sectors * LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
+}
+
 std::unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> MetadataBuilder::New(const std::string& block_device,
                                                       uint32_t slot_number) {
     std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> metadata = ReadMetadata(block_device.c_str(), slot_number);
@@ -175,14 +187,23 @@
     header_.header_size = sizeof(header_);
     header_.partitions.entry_size = sizeof(LpMetadataPartition);
     header_.extents.entry_size = sizeof(LpMetadataExtent);
+    header_.groups.entry_size = sizeof(LpMetadataPartitionGroup);
 }
 
 bool MetadataBuilder::Init(const LpMetadata& metadata) {
     geometry_ = metadata.geometry;
 
+    for (const auto& group : metadata.groups) {
+        std::string group_name = GetPartitionGroupName(group);
+        if (!AddGroup(group_name, group.maximum_size)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
     for (const auto& partition : metadata.partitions) {
-        Partition* builder = AddPartition(GetPartitionName(partition), GetPartitionGuid(partition),
-                                          partition.attributes);
+        std::string group_name = GetPartitionGroupName(metadata.groups[partition.group_index]);
+        Partition* builder = AddPartition(GetPartitionName(partition), group_name,
+                                          GetPartitionGuid(partition), partition.attributes);
         if (!builder) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -292,11 +313,29 @@
     geometry_.alignment_offset = device_info_.alignment_offset;
     geometry_.block_device_size = device_info_.size;
     geometry_.logical_block_size = device_info.logical_block_size;
+
+    if (!AddGroup("default", 0)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool MetadataBuilder::AddGroup(const std::string& group_name, uint64_t maximum_size) {
+    if (FindGroup(group_name)) {
+        LERROR << "Group already exists: " << group_name;
+        return false;
+    }
+    groups_.push_back(std::make_unique<PartitionGroup>(group_name, maximum_size));
     return true;
 }
 
 Partition* MetadataBuilder::AddPartition(const std::string& name, const std::string& guid,
                                          uint32_t attributes) {
+    return AddPartition(name, "default", guid, attributes);
+}
+
+Partition* MetadataBuilder::AddPartition(const std::string& name, const std::string& group_name,
+                                         const std::string& guid, uint32_t attributes) {
     if (name.empty()) {
         LERROR << "Partition must have a non-empty name.";
         return nullptr;
@@ -305,7 +344,11 @@
         LERROR << "Attempting to create duplication partition with name: " << name;
         return nullptr;
     }
-    partitions_.push_back(std::make_unique<Partition>(name, guid, attributes));
+    if (!FindGroup(group_name)) {
+        LERROR << "Could not find partition group: " << group_name;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    partitions_.push_back(std::make_unique<Partition>(name, group_name, guid, attributes));
     return partitions_.back().get();
 }
 
@@ -318,6 +361,26 @@
     return nullptr;
 }
 
+PartitionGroup* MetadataBuilder::FindGroup(const std::string& group_name) const {
+    for (const auto& group : groups_) {
+        if (group->name() == group_name) {
+            return group.get();
+        }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+uint64_t MetadataBuilder::TotalSizeOfGroup(PartitionGroup* group) const {
+    uint64_t total = 0;
+    for (const auto& partition : partitions_) {
+        if (partition->group_name() != group->name()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        total += partition->BytesOnDisk();
+    }
+    return total;
+}
+
 void MetadataBuilder::RemovePartition(const std::string& name) {
     for (auto iter = partitions_.begin(); iter != partitions_.end(); iter++) {
         if ((*iter)->name() == name) {
@@ -328,8 +391,23 @@
 }
 
 bool MetadataBuilder::GrowPartition(Partition* partition, uint64_t aligned_size) {
-    // Figure out how much we need to allocate.
+    PartitionGroup* group = FindGroup(partition->group_name());
+    CHECK(group);
+
+    // Figure out how much we need to allocate, and whether our group has
+    // enough space remaining.
     uint64_t space_needed = aligned_size - partition->size();
+    if (group->maximum_size() > 0) {
+        uint64_t group_size = TotalSizeOfGroup(group);
+        if (group_size >= group->maximum_size() ||
+            group->maximum_size() - group_size < space_needed) {
+            LERROR << "Partition " << partition->name() << " is part of group " << group->name()
+                   << " which does not have enough space free (" << space_needed << "requested, "
+                   << group_size << " used out of " << group->maximum_size();
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
     uint64_t sectors_needed = space_needed / LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
     DCHECK(sectors_needed * LP_SECTOR_SIZE == space_needed);
 
@@ -441,6 +519,20 @@
     metadata->header = header_;
     metadata->geometry = geometry_;
 
+    std::map<std::string, size_t> group_indices;
+    for (const auto& group : groups_) {
+        LpMetadataPartitionGroup out = {};
+
+        if (group->name().size() > sizeof(out.name)) {
+            LERROR << "Partition group name is too long: " << group->name();
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        strncpy(out.name, group->name().c_str(), sizeof(out.name));
+        out.maximum_size = group->maximum_size();
+
+        metadata->groups.push_back(out);
+    }
+
     // Flatten the partition and extent structures into an LpMetadata, which
     // makes it very easy to validate, serialize, or pass on to device-mapper.
     for (const auto& partition : partitions_) {
@@ -475,6 +567,7 @@
 
     metadata->header.partitions.num_entries = static_cast<uint32_t>(metadata->partitions.size());
     metadata->header.extents.num_entries = static_cast<uint32_t>(metadata->extents.size());
+    metadata->header.groups.num_entries = static_cast<uint32_t>(metadata->groups.size());
     return metadata;
 }
 
@@ -482,6 +575,14 @@
     return (geometry_.last_logical_sector - geometry_.first_logical_sector + 1) * LP_SECTOR_SIZE;
 }
 
+uint64_t MetadataBuilder::UsedSpace() const {
+    uint64_t size = 0;
+    for (const auto& partition : partitions_) {
+        size += partition->size();
+    }
+    return size;
+}
+
 uint64_t MetadataBuilder::AlignSector(uint64_t sector) {
     // Note: when reading alignment info from the Kernel, we don't assume it
     // is aligned to the sector size, so we round up to the nearest sector.
@@ -522,8 +623,10 @@
         ShrinkPartition(partition, aligned_size);
     }
 
-    LINFO << "Partition " << partition->name() << " will resize from " << old_size << " bytes to "
-          << aligned_size << " bytes";
+    if (partition->size() != old_size) {
+        LINFO << "Partition " << partition->name() << " will resize from " << old_size
+              << " bytes to " << aligned_size << " bytes";
+    }
     return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/builder_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/builder_test.cpp
index da9c8f3..711cc64 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/builder_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/builder_test.cpp
@@ -202,14 +202,28 @@
 }
 
 TEST(liblp, UseAllDiskSpace) {
-    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(1024 * 1024, 1024, 2);
-    EXPECT_EQ(builder->AllocatableSpace(), 1036288);
+    static constexpr uint64_t total = 1024 * 1024;
+    static constexpr uint64_t metadata = 1024;
+    static constexpr uint64_t slots = 2;
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(total, metadata, slots);
+    // We reserve a geometry block (4KB) plus space for each copy of the
+    // maximum size of a metadata blob. Then, we double that space since
+    // we store a backup copy of everything.
+    static constexpr uint64_t geometry = 4 * 1024;
+    static constexpr uint64_t allocatable = total - (metadata * slots + geometry) * 2;
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->AllocatableSpace(), allocatable);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->UsedSpace(), 0);
 
     Partition* system = builder->AddPartition("system", TEST_GUID, LP_PARTITION_ATTR_READONLY);
     ASSERT_NE(system, nullptr);
-    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 1036288), true);
-    EXPECT_EQ(system->size(), 1036288);
-    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, 1036289), false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, allocatable), true);
+    EXPECT_EQ(system->size(), allocatable);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->UsedSpace(), allocatable);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->AllocatableSpace(), allocatable);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->ResizePartition(system, allocatable + 1), false);
+    EXPECT_EQ(system->size(), allocatable);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->UsedSpace(), allocatable);
+    EXPECT_EQ(builder->AllocatableSpace(), allocatable);
 }
 
 TEST(liblp, BuildComplex) {
@@ -481,3 +495,28 @@
     unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 512, 1);
     ASSERT_EQ(builder, nullptr);
 }
+
+TEST(liblp, HasDefaultGroup) {
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info(1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 4096);
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+
+    EXPECT_FALSE(builder->AddGroup("default", 0));
+}
+
+TEST(liblp, GroupSizeLimits) {
+    BlockDeviceInfo device_info(1024 * 1024, 0, 0, 4096);
+    unique_ptr<MetadataBuilder> builder = MetadataBuilder::New(device_info, 1024, 1);
+    ASSERT_NE(builder, nullptr);
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->AddGroup("google", 16384));
+
+    Partition* partition = builder->AddPartition("system", "google", TEST_GUID, 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(partition, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(partition, 8192));
+    EXPECT_EQ(partition->size(), 8192);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(partition, 16384));
+    EXPECT_EQ(partition->size(), 16384);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(builder->ResizePartition(partition, 32768));
+    EXPECT_EQ(partition->size(), 16384);
+}
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/builder.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/builder.h
index 38842a4..f1edee7 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/builder.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/builder.h
@@ -95,11 +95,25 @@
     void AddTo(LpMetadata* out) const override;
 };
 
+class PartitionGroup final {
+  public:
+    explicit PartitionGroup(const std::string& name, uint64_t maximum_size)
+        : name_(name), maximum_size_(maximum_size) {}
+
+    const std::string& name() const { return name_; }
+    uint64_t maximum_size() const { return maximum_size_; }
+
+  private:
+    std::string name_;
+    uint64_t maximum_size_;
+};
+
 class Partition final {
     friend class MetadataBuilder;
 
   public:
-    Partition(const std::string& name, const std::string& guid, uint32_t attributes);
+    Partition(const std::string& name, const std::string& group_name, const std::string& guid,
+              uint32_t attributes);
 
     // Add a raw extent.
     void AddExtent(std::unique_ptr<Extent>&& extent);
@@ -107,7 +121,12 @@
     // Remove all extents from this partition.
     void RemoveExtents();
 
+    // Compute the size used by linear extents. This is the same as size(),
+    // but does not factor in extents which do not take up space.
+    uint64_t BytesOnDisk() const;
+
     const std::string& name() const { return name_; }
+    const std::string& group_name() const { return group_name_; }
     uint32_t attributes() const { return attributes_; }
     const std::string& guid() const { return guid_; }
     const std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Extent>>& extents() const { return extents_; }
@@ -117,6 +136,7 @@
     void ShrinkTo(uint64_t aligned_size);
 
     std::string name_;
+    std::string group_name_;
     std::string guid_;
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Extent>> extents_;
     uint32_t attributes_;
@@ -156,12 +176,24 @@
         return New(device_info, metadata_max_size, metadata_slot_count);
     }
 
+    // Define a new partition group. By default there is one group called
+    // "default", with an unrestricted size. A non-zero size will restrict the
+    // total space used by all partitions in the group.
+    //
+    // This can fail and return false if the group already exists.
+    bool AddGroup(const std::string& group_name, uint64_t maximum_size);
+
     // Export metadata so it can be serialized to an image, to disk, or mounted
     // via device-mapper.
     std::unique_ptr<LpMetadata> Export();
 
     // Add a partition, returning a handle so it can be sized as needed. If a
     // partition with the given name already exists, nullptr is returned.
+    Partition* AddPartition(const std::string& name, const std::string& group_name,
+                            const std::string& guid, uint32_t attributes);
+
+    // Same as AddPartition above, but uses the default partition group which
+    // has no size restrictions.
     Partition* AddPartition(const std::string& name, const std::string& guid, uint32_t attributes);
 
     // Delete a partition by name if it exists.
@@ -184,6 +216,7 @@
 
     // Amount of space that can be allocated to logical partitions.
     uint64_t AllocatableSpace() const;
+    uint64_t UsedSpace() const;
 
     // Merge new block device information into previous values. Alignment values
     // are only overwritten if the new values are non-zero.
@@ -201,10 +234,13 @@
     bool GrowPartition(Partition* partition, uint64_t aligned_size);
     void ShrinkPartition(Partition* partition, uint64_t aligned_size);
     uint64_t AlignSector(uint64_t sector);
+    PartitionGroup* FindGroup(const std::string& group_name) const;
+    uint64_t TotalSizeOfGroup(PartitionGroup* group) const;
 
     LpMetadataGeometry geometry_;
     LpMetadataHeader header_;
     std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Partition>> partitions_;
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<PartitionGroup>> groups_;
     BlockDeviceInfo device_info_;
 };
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/liblp.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/liblp.h
index 6da24f6..51d262b 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/liblp.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/liblp.h
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
     LpMetadataHeader header;
     std::vector<LpMetadataPartition> partitions;
     std::vector<LpMetadataExtent> extents;
+    std::vector<LpMetadataPartitionGroup> groups;
 };
 
 // Place an initial partition table on the device. This will overwrite the
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@
 // Helper to extract safe C++ strings from partition info.
 std::string GetPartitionName(const LpMetadataPartition& partition);
 std::string GetPartitionGuid(const LpMetadataPartition& partition);
+std::string GetPartitionGroupName(const LpMetadataPartitionGroup& group);
 
 // Helper to return a slot number for a slot suffix.
 uint32_t SlotNumberForSlotSuffix(const std::string& suffix);
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/metadata_format.h b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/metadata_format.h
index 52c80f7..79ef2ab 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/metadata_format.h
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/include/liblp/metadata_format.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 #define LP_METADATA_HEADER_MAGIC 0x414C5030
 
 /* Current metadata version. */
-#define LP_METADATA_MAJOR_VERSION 1
+#define LP_METADATA_MAJOR_VERSION 2
 #define LP_METADATA_MINOR_VERSION 0
 
 /* Attributes for the LpMetadataPartition::attributes field.
@@ -216,6 +216,8 @@
     LpMetadataTableDescriptor partitions;
     /* 92: Extent table descriptor. */
     LpMetadataTableDescriptor extents;
+    /* 104: Updateable group descriptor. */
+    LpMetadataTableDescriptor groups;
 } __attribute__((packed)) LpMetadataHeader;
 
 /* This struct defines a logical partition entry, similar to what would be
@@ -245,6 +247,9 @@
      * least one extent.
      */
     uint32_t num_extents;
+
+    /* 64: Group this partition belongs to. */
+    uint32_t group_index;
 } __attribute__((packed)) LpMetadataPartition;
 
 /* This extent is a dm-linear target, and the index is an index into the
@@ -271,6 +276,19 @@
     uint64_t target_data;
 } __attribute__((packed)) LpMetadataExtent;
 
+/* This struct defines an entry in the groups table. Each group has a maximum
+ * size, and partitions in a group must not exceed that size. There is always
+ * a "default" group of unlimited size, which is used when not using update
+ * groups or when using overlayfs or fastbootd.
+ */
+typedef struct LpMetadataPartitionGroup {
+    /*  0: Name of this group. Any unused characters must be 0. */
+    char name[36];
+
+    /* 36: Maximum size in bytes. If 0, the group has no maximum size. */
+    uint64_t maximum_size;
+} LpMetadataPartitionGroup;
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 } /* extern "C" */
 #endif
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/io_test.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/io_test.cpp
index 329a901..f93852b 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/io_test.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/io_test.cpp
@@ -117,6 +117,9 @@
     uint64_t size;
     ASSERT_TRUE(GetDescriptorSize(fd, &size));
     ASSERT_EQ(size, kDiskSize);
+
+    // Verify that we can't read unwritten metadata.
+    ASSERT_EQ(ReadMetadata(fd, 1), nullptr);
 }
 
 // Flashing metadata should not work if the metadata was created for a larger
@@ -191,9 +194,6 @@
     ASSERT_EQ(imported->partitions.size(), 1);
     EXPECT_EQ(GetPartitionName(imported->partitions[0]), "system");
 
-    // Verify that we can't read unwritten metadata.
-    ASSERT_EQ(ReadMetadata(fd, 1), nullptr);
-
     // Change the name before writing to the next slot.
     strncpy(imported->partitions[0].name, "vendor", sizeof(imported->partitions[0].name));
     ASSERT_TRUE(UpdatePartitionTable(fd, *imported.get(), 1));
@@ -343,9 +343,6 @@
         ASSERT_NE(partition, nullptr);
     }
     ASSERT_NE(partition, nullptr);
-    // Add one extent to any partition to fill up more space - we're at 508
-    // bytes after this, out of 512.
-    ASSERT_TRUE(builder->ResizePartition(partition, 1024));
 
     unique_ptr<LpMetadata> exported = builder->Export();
     ASSERT_NE(exported, nullptr);
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.cpp
index 190c650..005d493 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/reader.cpp
@@ -188,7 +188,8 @@
         return false;
     }
     if (!ValidateTableBounds(header, header.partitions) ||
-        !ValidateTableBounds(header, header.extents)) {
+        !ValidateTableBounds(header, header.extents) ||
+        !ValidateTableBounds(header, header.groups)) {
         LERROR << "Logical partition metadata has invalid table bounds.";
         return false;
     }
@@ -202,6 +203,10 @@
         LERROR << "Logical partition metadata has invalid extent table entry size.";
         return false;
     }
+    if (header.groups.entry_size != sizeof(LpMetadataPartitionGroup)) {
+        LERROR << "Logical partition metadata has invalid group table entry size.";
+        return false;
+    }
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -257,6 +262,10 @@
             LERROR << "Logical partition has invalid extent list.";
             return nullptr;
         }
+        if (partition.group_index >= header.groups.num_entries) {
+            LERROR << "Logical partition has invalid group index.";
+            return nullptr;
+        }
 
         metadata->partitions.push_back(partition);
     }
@@ -269,6 +278,16 @@
 
         metadata->extents.push_back(extent);
     }
+
+    cursor = buffer.get() + header.groups.offset;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < header.groups.num_entries; i++) {
+        LpMetadataPartitionGroup group = {};
+        memcpy(&group, cursor, sizeof(group));
+        cursor += header.groups.entry_size;
+
+        metadata->groups.push_back(group);
+    }
+
     return metadata;
 }
 
@@ -345,5 +364,9 @@
     return NameFromFixedArray(partition.name, sizeof(partition.name));
 }
 
+std::string GetPartitionGroupName(const LpMetadataPartitionGroup& group) {
+    return NameFromFixedArray(group.name, sizeof(group.name));
+}
+
 }  // namespace fs_mgr
 }  // namespace android
diff --git a/fs_mgr/liblp/writer.cpp b/fs_mgr/liblp/writer.cpp
index ad84b22..2415629 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/liblp/writer.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/liblp/writer.cpp
@@ -56,14 +56,17 @@
                            metadata.partitions.size() * sizeof(LpMetadataPartition));
     std::string extents(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(metadata.extents.data()),
                         metadata.extents.size() * sizeof(LpMetadataExtent));
+    std::string groups(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(metadata.groups.data()),
+                       metadata.groups.size() * sizeof(LpMetadataPartitionGroup));
 
     // Compute positions of tables.
     header.partitions.offset = 0;
     header.extents.offset = header.partitions.offset + partitions.size();
-    header.tables_size = header.extents.offset + extents.size();
+    header.groups.offset = header.extents.offset + extents.size();
+    header.tables_size = header.groups.offset + groups.size();
 
     // Compute payload checksum.
-    std::string tables = partitions + extents;
+    std::string tables = partitions + extents + groups;
     SHA256(tables.data(), tables.size(), header.tables_checksum);
 
     // Compute header checksum.
@@ -94,7 +97,8 @@
     }
     // Make sure we're writing within the space reserved.
     if (blob->size() > geometry.metadata_max_size) {
-        LERROR << "Logical partition metadata is too large.";
+        LERROR << "Logical partition metadata is too large. " << blob->size() << " > "
+               << geometry.metadata_max_size;
         return false;
     }
 
diff --git a/fs_mgr/tools/dmctl.cpp b/fs_mgr/tools/dmctl.cpp
index 879ba21..f78093b 100644
--- a/fs_mgr/tools/dmctl.cpp
+++ b/fs_mgr/tools/dmctl.cpp
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 using DmTargetLinear = ::android::dm::DmTargetLinear;
 using DmTargetZero = ::android::dm::DmTargetZero;
 using DmTargetAndroidVerity = ::android::dm::DmTargetAndroidVerity;
+using DmTargetBow = ::android::dm::DmTargetBow;
 using DmTargetTypeInfo = ::android::dm::DmTargetTypeInfo;
 using DmBlockDevice = ::android::dm::DeviceMapper::DmBlockDevice;
 
@@ -108,6 +109,13 @@
             std::string block_device = NextArg();
             return std::make_unique<DmTargetAndroidVerity>(start_sector, num_sectors, keyid,
                                                            block_device);
+        } else if (target_type == "bow") {
+            if (!HasArgs(1)) {
+                std::cerr << "Expected \"bow\" <block_device>" << std::endl;
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            std::string block_device = NextArg();
+            return std::make_unique<DmTargetBow>(start_sector, num_sectors, block_device);
         } else {
             std::cerr << "Unrecognized target type: " << target_type << std::endl;
             return nullptr;
diff --git a/healthd/Android.mk b/healthd/Android.mk
index 9096f79..80bf84a 100644
--- a/healthd/Android.mk
+++ b/healthd/Android.mk
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@
     android.hardware.health@2.0 \
     android.hardware.health@1.0 \
     android.hardware.health@1.0-convert \
+    libbinderthreadstate \
     libhidltransport \
     libhidlbase \
     libhwbinder_noltopgo \
diff --git a/init/first_stage_mount.cpp b/init/first_stage_mount.cpp
index 79cfbcb..6f97d19 100644
--- a/init/first_stage_mount.cpp
+++ b/init/first_stage_mount.cpp
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
     bool CreateLogicalPartitions();
     bool MountPartition(fstab_rec* fstab_rec);
     bool MountPartitions();
+    bool IsDmLinearEnabled();
     bool GetBackingDmLinearDevices();
 
     virtual ListenerAction UeventCallback(const Uevent& uevent);
@@ -120,30 +121,18 @@
     return is_android_dt_value_expected("vbmeta/compatible", "android,vbmeta");
 }
 
-static bool IsRecoveryMode() {
+static bool ForceNormalBoot() {
     static bool force_normal_boot = []() {
         std::string cmdline;
         android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/cmdline", &cmdline);
         return cmdline.find("androidboot.force_normal_boot=1") != std::string::npos;
     }();
 
-    return !force_normal_boot && access("/system/bin/recovery", F_OK) == 0;
+    return force_normal_boot;
 }
 
-static inline bool IsDmLinearEnabled() {
-    static bool checked = false;
-    static bool enabled = false;
-    if (checked) {
-        return enabled;
-    }
-    import_kernel_cmdline(false,
-                          [](const std::string& key, const std::string& value, bool in_qemu) {
-                              if (key == "androidboot.logical_partitions" && value == "1") {
-                                  enabled = true;
-                              }
-                          });
-    checked = true;
-    return enabled;
+static bool IsRecoveryMode() {
+    return !ForceNormalBoot() && access("/system/bin/recovery", F_OK) == 0;
 }
 
 // Class Definitions
@@ -194,6 +183,13 @@
     return GetBackingDmLinearDevices() && GetDmVerityDevices() && InitRequiredDevices();
 }
 
+bool FirstStageMount::IsDmLinearEnabled() {
+    for (auto fstab_rec : mount_fstab_recs_) {
+        if (fs_mgr_is_logical(fstab_rec)) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 bool FirstStageMount::GetBackingDmLinearDevices() {
     // Add any additional devices required for dm-linear mappings.
     if (!IsDmLinearEnabled()) {
@@ -368,11 +364,15 @@
     // this case, we mount system first then pivot to it.  From that point on,
     // we are effectively identical to a system-as-root device.
     auto system_partition =
-            std::find_if(mount_fstab_recs_.begin(), mount_fstab_recs_.end(), [](const auto& rec) {
-                return rec->mount_point == "/system"s ||
-                       rec->mount_point == "/system_recovery_mount"s;
-            });
+            std::find_if(mount_fstab_recs_.begin(), mount_fstab_recs_.end(),
+                         [](const auto& rec) { return rec->mount_point == "/system"s; });
+
     if (system_partition != mount_fstab_recs_.end()) {
+        if (ForceNormalBoot()) {
+            free((*system_partition)->mount_point);
+            (*system_partition)->mount_point = strdup("/system_recovery_mount");
+        }
+
         if (!MountPartition(*system_partition)) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@
         }
     }
 
-    fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all();
+    fs_mgr_overlayfs_mount_all(device_tree_fstab_.get());
 
     return true;
 }
diff --git a/init/init.cpp b/init/init.cpp
index e5c1548..47cfe32 100644
--- a/init/init.cpp
+++ b/init/init.cpp
@@ -346,12 +346,12 @@
     if (!android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.oem_unlock_supported", false)) {
         return;
     }
-
-    std::string value = GetProperty("ro.boot.verifiedbootstate", "");
-
-    if (!value.empty()) {
-        property_set("ro.boot.flash.locked", value == "orange" ? "0" : "1");
-    }
+    import_kernel_cmdline(
+            false, [](const std::string& key, const std::string& value, bool in_qemu) {
+                if (key == "androidboot.verifiedbootstate") {
+                    property_set("ro.boot.flash.locked", value == "orange" ? "0" : "1");
+                }
+            });
 }
 
 static void export_kernel_boot_props() {
diff --git a/init/init_first_stage.cpp b/init/init_first_stage.cpp
index 0c4a110..40706a1 100644
--- a/init/init_first_stage.cpp
+++ b/init/init_first_stage.cpp
@@ -84,6 +84,9 @@
     CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/ptmx", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(5, 2)));
     CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/null", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 3)));
 
+    // These below mounts are done in first stage init so that first stage mount can mount
+    // subdirectories of /mnt/{vendor,product}/.  Other mounts, not required by first stage mount,
+    // should be done in rc files.
     // Mount staging areas for devices managed by vold
     // See storage config details at http://source.android.com/devices/storage/
     CHECKCALL(mount("tmpfs", "/mnt", "tmpfs", MS_NOEXEC | MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV,
diff --git a/init/reboot.cpp b/init/reboot.cpp
index 908c67f..866f40e 100644
--- a/init/reboot.cpp
+++ b/init/reboot.cpp
@@ -464,6 +464,12 @@
         cmd = ANDROID_RB_RESTART2;
         if (cmd_params.size() >= 2) {
             reboot_target = cmd_params[1];
+            // adb reboot fastboot should boot into bootloader for devices not
+            // supporting logical partitions.
+            if (reboot_target == "fastboot" &&
+                !android::base::GetBoolProperty("ro.boot.logical_partitions", false)) {
+                reboot_target = "bootloader";
+            }
             // When rebooting to the bootloader notify the bootloader writing
             // also the BCB.
             if (reboot_target == "bootloader") {
diff --git a/init/subcontext.cpp b/init/subcontext.cpp
index c2a21d4..092c51c 100644
--- a/init/subcontext.cpp
+++ b/init/subcontext.cpp
@@ -62,7 +62,9 @@
 Result<std::string> ReadMessage(int socket) {
     char buffer[kBufferSize] = {};
     auto result = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(recv(socket, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0));
-    if (result <= 0) {
+    if (result == 0) {
+        return Error();
+    } else if (result < 0) {
         return ErrnoError();
     }
     return std::string(buffer, result);
@@ -175,6 +177,12 @@
 
         auto init_message = ReadMessage(init_fd_);
         if (!init_message) {
+            if (init_message.error_errno() == 0) {
+                // If the init file descriptor was closed, let's exit quietly. If
+                // this was accidental, init will restart us. If init died, this
+                // avoids calling abort(3) unnecessarily.
+                return;
+            }
             LOG(FATAL) << "Could not read message from init: " << init_message.error();
         }
 
diff --git a/libbacktrace/Android.bp b/libbacktrace/Android.bp
index c42ae49..43bcd98 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/Android.bp
+++ b/libbacktrace/Android.bp
@@ -27,15 +27,6 @@
             enabled: false,
         },
     },
-
-    multilib: {
-        lib32: {
-            suffix: "32",
-        },
-        lib64: {
-            suffix: "64",
-        },
-    },
 }
 
 libbacktrace_sources = [
@@ -108,7 +99,7 @@
     whole_static_libs: ["libdemangle"],
 }
 
-cc_library_shared {
+cc_test_library {
     name: "libbacktrace_test",
     defaults: ["libbacktrace_common"],
     host_supported: true,
@@ -121,6 +112,21 @@
     shared_libs: [
         "libunwindstack",
     ],
+    relative_install_path: "backtrace_test_libs",
+
+    target: {
+        linux_glibc: {
+            // The host uses rosegment, which isn't supported yet.
+            ldflags: [
+                "-Wl,--no-rosegment",
+            ],
+            // This forces the creation of eh_frame with unwind information
+            // for host.
+            cflags: [
+                "-fcxx-exceptions"
+            ],
+        },
+    },
 }
 
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -128,12 +134,12 @@
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 cc_test {
     name: "backtrace_test",
+    isolated: true,
     defaults: ["libbacktrace_common"],
     host_supported: true,
     srcs: [
         "backtrace_offline_test.cpp",
         "backtrace_test.cpp",
-        "GetPss.cpp",
     ],
 
     cflags: [
@@ -143,7 +149,6 @@
     ],
 
     shared_libs: [
-        "libbacktrace_test",
         "libbacktrace",
         "libbase",
         "liblog",
@@ -152,17 +157,10 @@
 
     group_static_libs: true,
 
-    target: {
-        android: {
-            cflags: ["-DENABLE_PSS_TESTS"],
-            shared_libs: [
-                "libutils",
-            ],
-        },
-        linux_glibc: {
-            static_libs: ["libutils"],
-        },
-    },
+    // So that the dlopen can find the libbacktrace_test.so.
+    ldflags: [
+        "-Wl,--rpath,${ORIGIN}/../backtrace_test_libs",
+    ],
 
     test_suites: ["device-tests"],
     data: [
diff --git a/libbacktrace/BacktraceTest.h b/libbacktrace/BacktraceTest.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c38af04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libbacktrace/BacktraceTest.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LIBBACKTRACE_BACKTRACE_TEST_H
+#define _LIBBACKTRACE_BACKTRACE_TEST_H
+
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+class BacktraceTest : public ::testing::Test {
+ protected:
+  static void SetUpTestCase() {
+    dl_handle_ = dlopen("libbacktrace_test.so", RTLD_NOW | RTLD_LOCAL);
+
+    test_level_one_ = reinterpret_cast<int (*)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*)>(
+        dlsym(dl_handle_, "test_level_one"));
+
+    test_level_two_ = reinterpret_cast<int (*)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*)>(
+        dlsym(dl_handle_, "test_level_two"));
+
+    test_level_three_ = reinterpret_cast<int (*)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*)>(
+        dlsym(dl_handle_, "test_level_three"));
+
+    test_level_four_ = reinterpret_cast<int (*)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*)>(
+        dlsym(dl_handle_, "test_level_four"));
+
+    test_recursive_call_ = reinterpret_cast<int (*)(int, void (*)(void*), void*)>(
+        dlsym(dl_handle_, "test_recursive_call"));
+
+    test_get_context_and_wait_ = reinterpret_cast<void (*)(void*, volatile int*)>(
+        dlsym(dl_handle_, "test_get_context_and_wait"));
+
+    test_signal_action_ =
+        reinterpret_cast<void (*)(int, siginfo_t*, void*)>(dlsym(dl_handle_, "test_signal_action"));
+
+    test_signal_handler_ =
+        reinterpret_cast<void (*)(int)>(dlsym(dl_handle_, "test_signal_handler"));
+  }
+
+  void SetUp() override {
+    ASSERT_TRUE(dl_handle_ != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(test_level_one_ != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(test_level_two_ != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(test_level_three_ != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(test_level_four_ != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(test_recursive_call_ != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(test_get_context_and_wait_ != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(test_signal_action_ != nullptr);
+    ASSERT_TRUE(test_signal_handler_ != nullptr);
+  }
+
+ public:
+  static void* dl_handle_;
+  static int (*test_level_one_)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+  static int (*test_level_two_)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+  static int (*test_level_three_)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+  static int (*test_level_four_)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+  static int (*test_recursive_call_)(int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+  static void (*test_get_context_and_wait_)(void*, volatile int*);
+  static void (*test_signal_action_)(int, siginfo_t*, void*);
+  static void (*test_signal_handler_)(int);
+};
+
+#endif  // _LIBBACKTRACE_BACKTRACE_TEST_H
diff --git a/libbacktrace/GetPss.cpp b/libbacktrace/GetPss.cpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 6d750ea..0000000
--- a/libbacktrace/GetPss.cpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#include <inttypes.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-
-// This is an extremely simplified version of libpagemap.
-
-#define _BITS(x, offset, bits) (((x) >> (offset)) & ((1LL << (bits)) - 1))
-
-#define PAGEMAP_PRESENT(x)     (_BITS(x, 63, 1))
-#define PAGEMAP_SWAPPED(x)     (_BITS(x, 62, 1))
-#define PAGEMAP_SHIFT(x)       (_BITS(x, 55, 6))
-#define PAGEMAP_PFN(x)         (_BITS(x, 0, 55))
-#define PAGEMAP_SWAP_OFFSET(x) (_BITS(x, 5, 50))
-#define PAGEMAP_SWAP_TYPE(x)   (_BITS(x, 0,  5))
-
-static bool ReadData(int fd, off_t place, uint64_t *data) {
-  if (lseek(fd, place * sizeof(uint64_t), SEEK_SET) < 0) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (read(fd, (void*)data, sizeof(uint64_t)) != (ssize_t)sizeof(uint64_t)) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-size_t GetPssBytes() {
-  FILE* maps = fopen("/proc/self/maps", "r");
-  if (maps == nullptr) {
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  int pagecount_fd = open("/proc/kpagecount", O_RDONLY);
-  if (pagecount_fd == -1) {
-    fclose(maps);
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  int pagemap_fd = open("/proc/self/pagemap", O_RDONLY);
-  if (pagemap_fd == -1) {
-    fclose(maps);
-    close(pagecount_fd);
-    return 0;
-  }
-
-  char line[4096];
-  size_t total_pss = 0;
-  int pagesize = getpagesize();
-  while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), maps)) {
-    uintptr_t start, end;
-    if (sscanf(line, "%" SCNxPTR "-%" SCNxPTR " ", &start, &end) != 2) {
-      total_pss = 0;
-      break;
-    }
-    for (off_t page = static_cast<off_t>(start/pagesize);
-         page < static_cast<off_t>(end/pagesize); page++) {
-      uint64_t data;
-      if (ReadData(pagemap_fd, page, &data)) {
-        if (PAGEMAP_PRESENT(data) && !PAGEMAP_SWAPPED(data)) {
-          uint64_t count;
-          if (ReadData(pagecount_fd, static_cast<off_t>(PAGEMAP_PFN(data)), &count)) {
-            total_pss += (count >= 1) ? pagesize / count : 0;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  fclose(maps);
-
-  close(pagecount_fd);
-  close(pagemap_fd);
-
-  return total_pss;
-}
diff --git a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h b/libbacktrace/GetPss.h
deleted file mode 100644
index 787c33d..0000000
--- a/libbacktrace/GetPss.h
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
-
-#ifndef _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
-#define _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
-
-size_t GetPssBytes();
-
-#endif // _LIBBACKTRACE_GET_PSS_H
diff --git a/libbacktrace/backtrace_offline_test.cpp b/libbacktrace/backtrace_offline_test.cpp
index 7d1027e..662fb99 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/backtrace_offline_test.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/backtrace_offline_test.cpp
@@ -37,15 +37,7 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-extern "C" {
-// Prototypes for functions in the test library.
-int test_level_one(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
-int test_level_two(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
-int test_level_three(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
-int test_level_four(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
-int test_recursive_call(int, void (*)(void*), void*);
-void test_get_context_and_wait(void* context, volatile int* exit_flag);
-}
+#include "BacktraceTest.h"
 
 struct FunctionSymbol {
   std::string name;
@@ -56,12 +48,13 @@
 static std::vector<FunctionSymbol> GetFunctionSymbols() {
   std::vector<FunctionSymbol> symbols = {
       {"unknown_start", 0, 0},
-      {"test_level_one", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_level_one), 0},
-      {"test_level_two", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_level_two), 0},
-      {"test_level_three", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_level_three), 0},
-      {"test_level_four", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_level_four), 0},
-      {"test_recursive_call", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_recursive_call), 0},
-      {"test_get_context_and_wait", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_get_context_and_wait), 0},
+      {"test_level_one", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&BacktraceTest::test_level_one_), 0},
+      {"test_level_two", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&BacktraceTest::test_level_two_), 0},
+      {"test_level_three", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&BacktraceTest::test_level_three_), 0},
+      {"test_level_four", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&BacktraceTest::test_level_four_), 0},
+      {"test_recursive_call", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&BacktraceTest::test_recursive_call_), 0},
+      {"test_get_context_and_wait",
+       reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&BacktraceTest::test_get_context_and_wait_), 0},
       {"unknown_end", static_cast<uint64_t>(-1), static_cast<uint64_t>(-1)},
   };
   std::sort(
@@ -100,7 +93,7 @@
 static void* OfflineThreadFunc(void* arg) {
   OfflineThreadArg* fn_arg = reinterpret_cast<OfflineThreadArg*>(arg);
   fn_arg->tid = android::base::GetThreadId();
-  test_get_context_and_wait(&fn_arg->ucontext, &fn_arg->exit_flag);
+  BacktraceTest::test_get_context_and_wait_(&fn_arg->ucontext, &fn_arg->exit_flag);
   return nullptr;
 }
 
@@ -109,7 +102,7 @@
 }
 
 // This test is disable because it is for generating test data.
-TEST(libbacktrace, DISABLED_generate_offline_testdata) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, DISABLED_generate_offline_testdata) {
   // Create a thread to generate the needed stack and registers information.
   const size_t stack_size = 16 * 1024;
   void* stack = mmap(NULL, stack_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
@@ -304,22 +297,22 @@
 }
 
 // For now, these tests can only run on the given architectures.
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_eh_frame) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_eh_frame) {
   BacktraceOfflineTest("arm64", "libbacktrace_test_eh_frame.so");
   BacktraceOfflineTest("x86_64", "libbacktrace_test_eh_frame.so");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_debug_frame) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_debug_frame) {
   BacktraceOfflineTest("arm", "libbacktrace_test_debug_frame.so");
   BacktraceOfflineTest("x86", "libbacktrace_test_debug_frame.so");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_gnu_debugdata) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_gnu_debugdata) {
   BacktraceOfflineTest("arm", "libbacktrace_test_gnu_debugdata.so");
   BacktraceOfflineTest("x86", "libbacktrace_test_gnu_debugdata.so");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_arm_exidx) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_arm_exidx) {
   BacktraceOfflineTest("arm", "libbacktrace_test_arm_exidx.so");
 }
 
@@ -373,32 +366,32 @@
 
 // This test tests the situation that ranges of functions covered by .eh_frame and .ARM.exidx
 // overlap with each other, which appears in /system/lib/libart.so.
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_unwind_mix_eh_frame_and_arm_exidx) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_unwind_mix_eh_frame_and_arm_exidx) {
   LibUnwindingTest("arm", "offline_testdata_for_libart", "libart.so");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_debug_frame_with_load_bias) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_debug_frame_with_load_bias) {
   LibUnwindingTest("arm", "offline_testdata_for_libandroid_runtime", "libandroid_runtime.so");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_try_armexidx_after_debug_frame) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_try_armexidx_after_debug_frame) {
   LibUnwindingTest("arm", "offline_testdata_for_libGLESv2_adreno", "libGLESv2_adreno.so");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_cie_with_P_augmentation) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_cie_with_P_augmentation) {
   // Make sure we can unwind through functions with CIE entry containing P augmentation, which
   // makes unwinding library reading personality handler from memory. One example is
   // /system/lib64/libskia.so.
   LibUnwindingTest("arm64", "offline_testdata_for_libskia", "libskia.so");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_empty_eh_frame_hdr) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_empty_eh_frame_hdr) {
   // Make sure we can unwind through libraries with empty .eh_frame_hdr section. One example is
   // /vendor/lib64/egl/eglSubDriverAndroid.so.
   LibUnwindingTest("arm64", "offline_testdata_for_eglSubDriverAndroid", "eglSubDriverAndroid.so");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, offline_max_frames_limit) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, offline_max_frames_limit) {
   // The length of callchain can reach 256 when recording an application.
   ASSERT_GE(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES, 256);
 }
diff --git a/libbacktrace/backtrace_test.cpp b/libbacktrace/backtrace_test.cpp
index 06a32c7..f4191b9 100644
--- a/libbacktrace/backtrace_test.cpp
+++ b/libbacktrace/backtrace_test.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <inttypes.h>
+#include <malloc.h>
 #include <pthread.h>
 #include <signal.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@
 
 // For the THREAD_SIGNAL definition.
 #include "BacktraceCurrent.h"
+#include "BacktraceTest.h"
 #include "backtrace_testlib.h"
 
 // Number of microseconds per milliseconds.
@@ -95,6 +97,23 @@
 static void VerifyMaxDump(Backtrace* backtrace, create_func_t create_func = nullptr,
                           map_create_func_t map_func = nullptr);
 
+void* BacktraceTest::dl_handle_;
+int (*BacktraceTest::test_level_one_)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+int (*BacktraceTest::test_level_two_)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+int (*BacktraceTest::test_level_three_)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+int (*BacktraceTest::test_level_four_)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+int (*BacktraceTest::test_recursive_call_)(int, void (*)(void*), void*);
+void (*BacktraceTest::test_get_context_and_wait_)(void*, volatile int*);
+void (*BacktraceTest::test_signal_action_)(int, siginfo_t*, void*);
+void (*BacktraceTest::test_signal_handler_)(int);
+
+extern "C" bool GetInitialArgs(const char*** args, size_t* num_args) {
+  static const char* initial_args[] = {"--slow_threshold_ms=8000", "--deadline_threshold_ms=15000"};
+  *args = initial_args;
+  *num_args = 2;
+  return true;
+}
+
 static uint64_t NanoTime() {
   struct timespec t = { 0, 0 };
   clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &t);
@@ -250,7 +269,7 @@
   return false;
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, local_no_unwind_frames) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, local_no_unwind_frames) {
   // Verify that a local unwind does not include any frames within
   // libunwind or libbacktrace.
   std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(Backtrace::Create(getpid(), getpid()));
@@ -270,7 +289,7 @@
   }
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, local_unwind_frames) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, local_unwind_frames) {
   // Verify that a local unwind with the skip frames disabled does include
   // frames within the backtrace libraries.
   std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(Backtrace::Create(getpid(), getpid()));
@@ -302,8 +321,8 @@
                                                << DumpFrames(backtrace.get());
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, local_trace) {
-  ASSERT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, VerifyLevelBacktrace, nullptr), 0);
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, local_trace) {
+  ASSERT_NE(test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, VerifyLevelBacktrace, nullptr), 0);
 }
 
 static void VerifyIgnoreFrames(Backtrace* bt_all, Backtrace* bt_ign1, Backtrace* bt_ign2,
@@ -357,12 +376,12 @@
   VerifyIgnoreFrames(all.get(), ign1.get(), ign2.get(), "VerifyLevelIgnoreFrames");
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, local_trace_ignore_frames) {
-  ASSERT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, VerifyLevelIgnoreFrames, nullptr), 0);
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, local_trace_ignore_frames) {
+  ASSERT_NE(test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, VerifyLevelIgnoreFrames, nullptr), 0);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, local_max_trace) {
-  ASSERT_NE(test_recursive_call(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES+10, VerifyMaxBacktrace, nullptr), 0);
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, local_max_trace) {
+  ASSERT_NE(test_recursive_call_(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES + 10, VerifyMaxBacktrace, nullptr), 0);
 }
 
 static void VerifyProcTest(pid_t pid, pid_t tid, bool (*ReadyFunc)(Backtrace*),
@@ -402,10 +421,10 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(verified) << "Last backtrace:\n" << last_dump;
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, ptrace_trace) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, ptrace_trace) {
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
-    ASSERT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
     _exit(1);
   }
   VerifyProcTest(pid, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD, ReadyLevelBacktrace, VerifyLevelDump,
@@ -416,10 +435,10 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, ptrace_max_trace) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, ptrace_max_trace) {
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
-    ASSERT_NE(test_recursive_call(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES+10, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(test_recursive_call_(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES + 10, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
     _exit(1);
   }
   VerifyProcTest(pid, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD, ReadyMaxBacktrace, VerifyMaxDump, Backtrace::Create,
@@ -446,10 +465,10 @@
   VerifyIgnoreFrames(bt_all, ign1.get(), ign2.get(), nullptr);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, ptrace_ignore_frames) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, ptrace_ignore_frames) {
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
-    ASSERT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
     _exit(1);
   }
   VerifyProcTest(pid, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD, ReadyLevelBacktrace, VerifyProcessIgnoreFrames,
@@ -462,7 +481,7 @@
 
 // Create a process with multiple threads and dump all of the threads.
 static void* PtraceThreadLevelRun(void*) {
-  EXPECT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
+  EXPECT_NE(BacktraceTest::test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
   return nullptr;
 }
 
@@ -483,7 +502,7 @@
   }
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, ptrace_threads) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, ptrace_threads) {
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
     for (size_t i = 0; i < NUM_PTRACE_THREADS; i++) {
@@ -494,7 +513,7 @@
       pthread_t thread;
       ASSERT_TRUE(pthread_create(&thread, &attr, PtraceThreadLevelRun, nullptr) == 0);
     }
-    ASSERT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
+    ASSERT_NE(test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, nullptr, nullptr), 0);
     _exit(1);
   }
 
@@ -532,8 +551,8 @@
   VerifyLevelDump(backtrace.get());
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, thread_current_level) {
-  ASSERT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, VerifyLevelThread, nullptr), 0);
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, thread_current_level) {
+  ASSERT_NE(test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, VerifyLevelThread, nullptr), 0);
 }
 
 static void VerifyMaxThread(void*) {
@@ -545,19 +564,19 @@
   VerifyMaxDump(backtrace.get());
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, thread_current_max) {
-  ASSERT_NE(test_recursive_call(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES+10, VerifyMaxThread, nullptr), 0);
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, thread_current_max) {
+  ASSERT_NE(test_recursive_call_(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES + 10, VerifyMaxThread, nullptr), 0);
 }
 
 static void* ThreadLevelRun(void* data) {
   thread_t* thread = reinterpret_cast<thread_t*>(data);
 
   thread->tid = android::base::GetThreadId();
-  EXPECT_NE(test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, ThreadSetState, data), 0);
+  EXPECT_NE(BacktraceTest::test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, ThreadSetState, data), 0);
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, thread_level_trace) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, thread_level_trace) {
   pthread_attr_t attr;
   pthread_attr_init(&attr);
   pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
@@ -607,7 +626,7 @@
   EXPECT_EQ(cur_action.sa_flags, new_action.sa_flags);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, thread_ignore_frames) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, thread_ignore_frames) {
   pthread_attr_t attr;
   pthread_attr_init(&attr);
   pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
@@ -644,11 +663,12 @@
   thread_t* thread = reinterpret_cast<thread_t*>(data);
 
   thread->tid = android::base::GetThreadId();
-  EXPECT_NE(test_recursive_call(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES+10, ThreadSetState, data), 0);
+  EXPECT_NE(BacktraceTest::test_recursive_call_(MAX_BACKTRACE_FRAMES + 10, ThreadSetState, data),
+            0);
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, thread_max_trace) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, thread_max_trace) {
   pthread_attr_t attr;
   pthread_attr_init(&attr);
   pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
@@ -742,17 +762,17 @@
   }
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, thread_multiple_dump) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, thread_multiple_dump) {
   MultipleThreadDumpTest(false);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, thread_multiple_dump_same_map) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, thread_multiple_dump_same_map) {
   MultipleThreadDumpTest(true);
 }
 
 // This test is for UnwindMaps that should share the same map cursor when
 // multiple maps are created for the current process at the same time.
-TEST(libbacktrace, simultaneous_maps) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, simultaneous_maps) {
   BacktraceMap* map1 = BacktraceMap::Create(getpid());
   BacktraceMap* map2 = BacktraceMap::Create(getpid());
   BacktraceMap* map3 = BacktraceMap::Create(getpid());
@@ -779,7 +799,7 @@
   delete map3;
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, fillin_erases) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, fillin_erases) {
   BacktraceMap* back_map = BacktraceMap::Create(getpid());
 
   backtrace_map_t map;
@@ -798,7 +818,7 @@
   ASSERT_EQ("", map.name);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, format_test) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, format_test) {
   std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(Backtrace::Create(getpid(), BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD));
   ASSERT_TRUE(backtrace.get() != nullptr);
 
@@ -969,7 +989,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(test_it == test_maps.end());
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, verify_map_remote) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, verify_map_remote) {
   pid_t pid;
   CreateRemoteProcess(&pid);
 
@@ -1069,7 +1089,7 @@
   delete[] expected;
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, thread_read) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, thread_read) {
   pthread_attr_t attr;
   pthread_attr_init(&attr);
   pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
@@ -1120,7 +1140,7 @@
   }
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, process_read) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, process_read) {
   g_ready = 0;
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
@@ -1187,29 +1207,23 @@
 }
 
 static void CopySharedLibrary(const char* tmp_dir, std::string* tmp_so_name) {
-  std::string system_dir;
-
-#if defined(__BIONIC__)
-  system_dir = "/system/lib";
-#else
-  const char* host_out_env = getenv("ANDROID_HOST_OUT");
-  ASSERT_TRUE(host_out_env != nullptr);
-  system_dir = std::string(host_out_env) + "/lib";
-#endif
-
-#if defined(__LP64__)
-  system_dir += "64";
-#endif
+  std::string test_lib(testing::internal::GetArgvs()[0]);
+  auto const value = test_lib.find_last_of('/');
+  if (value == std::string::npos) {
+    test_lib = "../backtrace_test_libs/";
+  } else {
+    test_lib = test_lib.substr(0, value + 1) + "../backtrace_test_libs/";
+  }
+  test_lib += "libbacktrace_test.so";
 
   *tmp_so_name = std::string(tmp_dir) + "/libbacktrace_test.so";
-  std::string cp_cmd =
-      android::base::StringPrintf("cp %s/libbacktrace_test.so %s", system_dir.c_str(), tmp_dir);
+  std::string cp_cmd = android::base::StringPrintf("cp %s %s", test_lib.c_str(), tmp_dir);
 
   // Copy the shared so to a tempory directory.
   ASSERT_EQ(0, system(cp_cmd.c_str()));
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, check_unreadable_elf_local) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, check_unreadable_elf_local) {
   TemporaryDir td;
   std::string tmp_so_name;
   ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CopySharedLibrary(td.path, &tmp_so_name));
@@ -1251,7 +1265,7 @@
   VerifyFunctionsFound(found_functions);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, check_unreadable_elf_remote) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, check_unreadable_elf_remote) {
   TemporaryDir td;
   std::string tmp_so_name;
   ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CopySharedLibrary(td.path, &tmp_so_name));
@@ -1390,7 +1404,7 @@
 
 typedef int (*test_func_t)(int, int, int, int, void (*)(void*), void*);
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_through_unreadable_elf_local) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, unwind_through_unreadable_elf_local) {
   TemporaryDir td;
   std::string tmp_so_name;
   ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CopySharedLibrary(td.path, &tmp_so_name));
@@ -1405,11 +1419,9 @@
 
   ASSERT_NE(test_func(1, 2, 3, 4, VerifyUnreadableElfBacktrace, reinterpret_cast<void*>(test_func)),
             0);
-
-  ASSERT_TRUE(dlclose(lib_handle) == 0);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_through_unreadable_elf_remote) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, unwind_through_unreadable_elf_remote) {
   TemporaryDir td;
   std::string tmp_so_name;
   ASSERT_NO_FATAL_FAILURE(CopySharedLibrary(td.path, &tmp_so_name));
@@ -1428,7 +1440,6 @@
     exit(0);
   }
   ASSERT_TRUE(pid > 0);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(dlclose(lib_handle) == 0);
 
   uint64_t start = NanoTime();
   bool done = false;
@@ -1465,7 +1476,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(done) << "Test function never found in unwind.";
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_thread_doesnt_exist) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, unwind_thread_doesnt_exist) {
   std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(
       Backtrace::Create(BACKTRACE_CURRENT_PROCESS, 99999999));
   ASSERT_TRUE(backtrace.get() != nullptr);
@@ -1473,18 +1484,18 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(BACKTRACE_UNWIND_ERROR_THREAD_DOESNT_EXIST, backtrace->GetError().error_code);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, local_get_function_name_before_unwind) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, local_get_function_name_before_unwind) {
   std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(
       Backtrace::Create(BACKTRACE_CURRENT_PROCESS, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD));
   ASSERT_TRUE(backtrace.get() != nullptr);
 
   // Verify that trying to get a function name before doing an unwind works.
-  uint64_t cur_func_offset = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_level_one) + 1;
+  uint64_t cur_func_offset = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(test_level_one_) + 1;
   uint64_t offset;
   ASSERT_NE(std::string(""), backtrace->GetFunctionName(cur_func_offset, &offset));
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, remote_get_function_name_before_unwind) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, remote_get_function_name_before_unwind) {
   pid_t pid;
   CreateRemoteProcess(&pid);
 
@@ -1492,7 +1503,7 @@
   std::unique_ptr<Backtrace> backtrace(Backtrace::Create(pid, pid));
 
   // Verify that trying to get a function name before doing an unwind works.
-  uint64_t cur_func_offset = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_level_one) + 1;
+  uint64_t cur_func_offset = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(test_level_one_) + 1;
   uint64_t offset;
   ASSERT_NE(std::string(""), backtrace->GetFunctionName(cur_func_offset, &offset));
 
@@ -1579,7 +1590,7 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(std::string(""), backtrace->GetFunctionName(device_map_uint, &offset, &map));
   ASSERT_EQ(std::string(""), backtrace->GetFunctionName(0, &offset));
 
-  uint64_t cur_func_offset = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(&test_level_one) + 1;
+  uint64_t cur_func_offset = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(BacktraceTest::test_level_one_) + 1;
   // Now verify the device map flag actually causes the function name to be empty.
   backtrace->FillInMap(cur_func_offset, &map);
   ASSERT_TRUE((map.flags & PROT_DEVICE_MAP) == 0);
@@ -1628,7 +1639,7 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0U, backtrace->NumFrames());
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_disallow_device_map_local) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, unwind_disallow_device_map_local) {
   void* device_map;
   SetupDeviceMap(&device_map);
 
@@ -1642,7 +1653,7 @@
   munmap(device_map, DEVICE_MAP_SIZE);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_disallow_device_map_remote) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, unwind_disallow_device_map_remote) {
   void* device_map;
   SetupDeviceMap(&device_map);
 
@@ -1698,13 +1709,13 @@
   pid_t pid;
   if ((pid = fork()) == 0) {
     if (use_action) {
-      ScopedSignalHandler ssh(SIGUSR1, test_signal_action);
+      ScopedSignalHandler ssh(SIGUSR1, BacktraceTest::test_signal_action_);
 
-      test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, SetValueAndLoop, const_cast<int*>(&value));
+      BacktraceTest::test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, SetValueAndLoop, const_cast<int*>(&value));
     } else {
-      ScopedSignalHandler ssh(SIGUSR1, test_signal_handler);
+      ScopedSignalHandler ssh(SIGUSR1, BacktraceTest::test_signal_handler_);
 
-      test_level_one(1, 2, 3, 4, SetValueAndLoop, const_cast<int*>(&value));
+      BacktraceTest::test_level_one_(1, 2, 3, 4, SetValueAndLoop, const_cast<int*>(&value));
     }
   }
   ASSERT_NE(-1, pid);
@@ -1805,11 +1816,11 @@
   FinishRemoteProcess(pid);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_remote_through_signal_using_handler) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, unwind_remote_through_signal_using_handler) {
   UnwindThroughSignal(false, Backtrace::Create, BacktraceMap::Create);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_remote_through_signal_using_action) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, unwind_remote_through_signal_using_action) {
   UnwindThroughSignal(true, Backtrace::Create, BacktraceMap::Create);
 }
 
@@ -1822,49 +1833,41 @@
   ASSERT_EQ(0U, backtrace->GetFrame(0)->num);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, unwind_frame_skip_numbering) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, unwind_frame_skip_numbering) {
   TestFrameSkipNumbering(Backtrace::Create, BacktraceMap::Create);
 }
 
-#if defined(ENABLE_PSS_TESTS)
-#include "GetPss.h"
-
 #define MAX_LEAK_BYTES (32*1024UL)
 
 static void CheckForLeak(pid_t pid, pid_t tid) {
   std::unique_ptr<BacktraceMap> map(BacktraceMap::Create(pid));
 
-  // Do a few runs to get the PSS stable.
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
-    Backtrace* backtrace = Backtrace::Create(pid, tid, map.get());
-    ASSERT_TRUE(backtrace != nullptr);
-    ASSERT_TRUE(backtrace->Unwind(0));
-    VERIFY_NO_ERROR(backtrace->GetError().error_code);
-    delete backtrace;
-  }
-  size_t stable_pss = GetPssBytes();
-  ASSERT_TRUE(stable_pss != 0);
-
   // Loop enough that even a small leak should be detectable.
+  size_t first_allocated_bytes = 0;
+  size_t last_allocated_bytes = 0;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < 4096; i++) {
     Backtrace* backtrace = Backtrace::Create(pid, tid, map.get());
     ASSERT_TRUE(backtrace != nullptr);
     ASSERT_TRUE(backtrace->Unwind(0));
     VERIFY_NO_ERROR(backtrace->GetError().error_code);
     delete backtrace;
-  }
-  size_t new_pss = GetPssBytes();
-  ASSERT_TRUE(new_pss != 0);
-  if (new_pss > stable_pss) {
-    ASSERT_LE(new_pss - stable_pss, MAX_LEAK_BYTES);
+
+    size_t allocated_bytes = mallinfo().uordblks;
+    if (first_allocated_bytes == 0) {
+      first_allocated_bytes = allocated_bytes;
+    } else if (last_allocated_bytes > first_allocated_bytes) {
+      // Check that the memory did not increase too much over the first loop.
+      ASSERT_LE(last_allocated_bytes - first_allocated_bytes, MAX_LEAK_BYTES);
+    }
+    last_allocated_bytes = allocated_bytes;
   }
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, check_for_leak_local) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, check_for_leak_local) {
   CheckForLeak(BACKTRACE_CURRENT_PROCESS, BACKTRACE_CURRENT_THREAD);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, check_for_leak_local_thread) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, check_for_leak_local_thread) {
   thread_t thread_data = { 0, 0, 0, nullptr };
   pthread_t thread;
   ASSERT_TRUE(pthread_create(&thread, nullptr, ThreadLevelRun, &thread_data) == 0);
@@ -1880,7 +1883,7 @@
   ASSERT_TRUE(pthread_join(thread, nullptr) == 0);
 }
 
-TEST(libbacktrace, check_for_leak_remote) {
+TEST_F(BacktraceTest, check_for_leak_remote) {
   pid_t pid;
   CreateRemoteProcess(&pid);
 
@@ -1888,4 +1891,3 @@
 
   FinishRemoteProcess(pid);
 }
-#endif
diff --git a/libgrallocusage/Android.bp b/libgrallocusage/Android.bp
index bcc0616..d27feb9 100644
--- a/libgrallocusage/Android.bp
+++ b/libgrallocusage/Android.bp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-cc_library_static {
+cc_library {
     name: "libgrallocusage",
     vendor_available: true,
     cflags: [
diff --git a/libgrallocusage/OWNERS b/libgrallocusage/OWNERS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..154dc6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libgrallocusage/OWNERS
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+jessehall@google.com
+olv@google.com
+stoza@google.com
diff --git a/liblog/include/log/log_main.h b/liblog/include/log/log_main.h
index e7b1728..53653de 100644
--- a/liblog/include/log/log_main.h
+++ b/liblog/include/log/log_main.h
@@ -56,15 +56,24 @@
 /*
  * Use __VA_ARGS__ if running a static analyzer,
  * to avoid warnings of unused variables in __VA_ARGS__.
- * __FAKE_USE_VA_ARGS is undefined at link time,
- * so don't link with __clang_analyzer__ defined.
+ * Use contexpr function in C++ mode, so these macros can be used
+ * in other constexpr functions without warning.
  */
 #ifdef __clang_analyzer__
-extern void __fake_use_va_args(int, ...);
-#define __FAKE_USE_VA_ARGS(...) __fake_use_va_args(0, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C++" {
+template <typename... Ts>
+constexpr int __fake_use_va_args(Ts...) {
+  return 0;
+}
+}
+#else
+extern int __fake_use_va_args(int, ...);
+#endif /* __cplusplus */
+#define __FAKE_USE_VA_ARGS(...) ((void)__fake_use_va_args(0, ##__VA_ARGS__))
 #else
 #define __FAKE_USE_VA_ARGS(...) ((void)(0))
-#endif
+#endif /* __clang_analyzer__ */
 
 #ifndef __predict_false
 #define __predict_false(exp) __builtin_expect((exp) != 0, 0)
diff --git a/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp b/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp
index d1f20f4..383d0e7 100644
--- a/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp
+++ b/liblog/tests/liblog_test.cpp
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@
 
 static bool isLogdwActive() {
   std::string logdwSignature =
-      popenToString("grep /dev/socket/logdw /proc/net/unix");
+      popenToString("grep -a /dev/socket/logdw /proc/net/unix");
   size_t beginning = logdwSignature.find(' ');
   if (beginning == std::string::npos) return true;
   beginning = logdwSignature.find(' ', beginning + 1);
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@
   end = logdwSignature.find(' ', end + 1);
   if (end == std::string::npos) return true;
   std::string allLogdwEndpoints = popenToString(
-      "grep ' 00000002" + logdwSignature.substr(beginning, end - beginning) +
+      "grep -a ' 00000002" + logdwSignature.substr(beginning, end - beginning) +
       " ' /proc/net/unix | " +
       "sed -n 's/.* \\([0-9][0-9]*\\)$/ -> socket:[\\1]/p'");
   if (allLogdwEndpoints.length() == 0) return true;
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.h b/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.h
index 5c7ec13..92a8325 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.h
+++ b/libmemunreachable/HeapWalker.h
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
         allocation_bytes_(0),
         roots_(allocator),
         root_vals_(allocator),
-        segv_handler_(allocator),
+        segv_handler_(),
         walking_ptr_(0) {
     valid_allocations_range_.end = 0;
     valid_allocations_range_.begin = ~valid_allocations_range_.end;
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/LeakFolding.cpp b/libmemunreachable/LeakFolding.cpp
index 69f320c..074dc48 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/LeakFolding.cpp
+++ b/libmemunreachable/LeakFolding.cpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
 }
 
 void LeakFolding::AccumulateLeaks(SCCInfo* dominator) {
-  std::function<void(SCCInfo*)> walk(std::allocator_arg, allocator_, [&](SCCInfo* scc) {
+  std::function<void(SCCInfo*)> walk([&](SCCInfo* scc) {
     if (scc->accumulator != dominator) {
       scc->accumulator = dominator;
       dominator->cuumulative_size += scc->size;
diff --git a/libmemunreachable/ScopedSignalHandler.h b/libmemunreachable/ScopedSignalHandler.h
index ff53fad..9e08a8e 100644
--- a/libmemunreachable/ScopedSignalHandler.h
+++ b/libmemunreachable/ScopedSignalHandler.h
@@ -32,15 +32,14 @@
  public:
   using Fn = std::function<void(ScopedSignalHandler&, int, siginfo_t*, void*)>;
 
-  explicit ScopedSignalHandler(Allocator<Fn> allocator) : allocator_(allocator), signal_(-1) {}
+  explicit ScopedSignalHandler() : signal_(-1) {}
   ~ScopedSignalHandler() { reset(); }
 
   template <class F>
   void install(int signal, F&& f) {
     if (signal_ != -1) MEM_LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("ScopedSignalHandler already installed");
 
-    handler_ = SignalFn(std::allocator_arg, allocator_,
-                        [=](int signal, siginfo_t* si, void* uctx) { f(*this, signal, si, uctx); });
+    handler_ = SignalFn([=](int signal, siginfo_t* si, void* uctx) { f(*this, signal, si, uctx); });
 
     struct sigaction act {};
     act.sa_sigaction = [](int signal, siginfo_t* si, void* uctx) { handler_(signal, si, uctx); };
@@ -68,7 +67,6 @@
  private:
   using SignalFn = std::function<void(int, siginfo_t*, void*)>;
   DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ScopedSignalHandler);
-  Allocator<Fn> allocator_;
   int signal_;
   struct sigaction old_act_;
   // TODO(ccross): to support multiple ScopedSignalHandlers handler_ would need
diff --git a/libmetricslogger/Android.bp b/libmetricslogger/Android.bp
index e6e17ce..1551b5b 100644
--- a/libmetricslogger/Android.bp
+++ b/libmetricslogger/Android.bp
@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@
 // -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 cc_test {
     name: "metricslogger_tests",
+    isolated: true,
     defaults: ["metricslogger_defaults"],
     shared_libs: [
         "libbase",
         "libmetricslogger_debug",
     ],
-    static_libs: ["libBionicGtestMain"],
     srcs: [
         "metrics_logger_test.cpp",
     ],
diff --git a/mkbootimg/Android.bp b/mkbootimg/Android.bp
index 576a677..c3cf746 100644
--- a/mkbootimg/Android.bp
+++ b/mkbootimg/Android.bp
@@ -31,3 +31,34 @@
     header_libs: ["libmkbootimg_abi_headers"],
     export_header_lib_headers: ["libmkbootimg_abi_headers"],
 }
+
+python_defaults {
+    name: "mkbootimg_defaults",
+
+    version: {
+        py2: {
+            enabled: true,
+            embedded_launcher: true,
+        },
+        py3: {
+            enabled: false,
+            embedded_launcher: false,
+        },
+    },
+}
+
+python_binary_host {
+    name: "mkbootimg",
+    defaults: ["mkbootimg_defaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "mkbootimg.py",
+    ],
+}
+
+python_binary_host {
+    name: "unpack_bootimg",
+    defaults: ["mkbootimg_defaults"],
+    srcs: [
+        "unpack_bootimg.py",
+    ],
+}
diff --git a/mkbootimg/Android.mk b/mkbootimg/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 92e1e27..0000000
--- a/mkbootimg/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-
-LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := mkbootimg
-LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := EXECUTABLES
-LOCAL_IS_HOST_MODULE := true
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := mkbootimg
-
-include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := unpack_bootimg
-LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := EXECUTABLES
-LOCAL_IS_HOST_MODULE := true
-
-LOCAL_MODULE := unpack_bootimg
-
-include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
diff --git a/mkbootimg/include/bootimg/bootimg.h b/mkbootimg/include/bootimg/bootimg.h
index bce308b..4432f9e 100644
--- a/mkbootimg/include/bootimg/bootimg.h
+++ b/mkbootimg/include/bootimg/bootimg.h
@@ -110,25 +110,25 @@
  */
 
 struct boot_img_hdr_v1 : public boot_img_hdr_v0 {
-    uint32_t recovery_dtbo_size;   /* size in bytes for recovery DTBO image */
-    uint64_t recovery_dtbo_offset; /* offset to recovery dtbo in boot image */
+    uint32_t recovery_dtbo_size;   /* size in bytes for recovery DTBO/ACPIO image */
+    uint64_t recovery_dtbo_offset; /* offset to recovery dtbo/acpio in boot image */
     uint32_t header_size;
 } __attribute__((packed));
 
 /* When the boot image header has a version of 1, the structure of the boot
  * image is as follows:
  *
- * +-----------------+
- * | boot header     | 1 page
- * +-----------------+
- * | kernel          | n pages
- * +-----------------+
- * | ramdisk         | m pages
- * +-----------------+
- * | second stage    | o pages
- * +-----------------+
- * | recovery dtbo   | p pages
- * +-----------------+
+ * +---------------------+
+ * | boot header         | 1 page
+ * +---------------------+
+ * | kernel              | n pages
+ * +---------------------+
+ * | ramdisk             | m pages
+ * +---------------------+
+ * | second stage        | o pages
+ * +---------------------+
+ * | recovery dtbo/acpio | p pages
+ * +---------------------+
  * n = (kernel_size + page_size - 1) / page_size
  * m = (ramdisk_size + page_size - 1) / page_size
  * o = (second_size + page_size - 1) / page_size
@@ -136,13 +136,14 @@
  *
  * 0. all entities are page_size aligned in flash
  * 1. kernel and ramdisk are required (size != 0)
- * 2. recovery_dtbo is required for recovery.img in non-A/B devices(recovery_dtbo_size != 0)
+ * 2. recovery_dtbo/recovery_acpio is required for recovery.img in non-A/B
+ *    devices(recovery_dtbo_size != 0)
  * 3. second is optional (second_size == 0 -> no second)
  * 4. load each element (kernel, ramdisk, second) at
  *    the specified physical address (kernel_addr, etc)
- * 5. If booting to recovery mode in a non-A/B device, extract recovery dtbo and
- *    apply the correct set of overlays on the base device tree depending on the
- *    hardware/product revision.
+ * 5. If booting to recovery mode in a non-A/B device, extract recovery
+ *    dtbo/acpio and apply the correct set of overlays on the base device tree
+ *    depending on the hardware/product revision.
  * 6. prepare tags at tag_addr.  kernel_args[] is
  *    appended to the kernel commandline in the tags.
  * 7. r0 = 0, r1 = MACHINE_TYPE, r2 = tags_addr
diff --git a/mkbootimg/mkbootimg b/mkbootimg/mkbootimg.py
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
similarity index 95%
rename from mkbootimg/mkbootimg
rename to mkbootimg/mkbootimg.py
index fda9af0..2eb2bab
--- a/mkbootimg/mkbootimg
+++ b/mkbootimg/mkbootimg.py
@@ -161,7 +161,10 @@
                         required=True)
     parser.add_argument('--ramdisk', help='path to the ramdisk', type=FileType('rb'))
     parser.add_argument('--second', help='path to the 2nd bootloader', type=FileType('rb'))
-    parser.add_argument('--recovery_dtbo', help='path to the recovery DTBO', type=FileType('rb'))
+    recovery_dtbo_group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
+    recovery_dtbo_group.add_argument('--recovery_dtbo', help='path to the recovery DTBO', type=FileType('rb'))
+    recovery_dtbo_group.add_argument('--recovery_acpio', help='path to the recovery ACPIO',
+                                     type=FileType('rb'), metavar='RECOVERY_ACPIO', dest='recovery_dtbo')
     parser.add_argument('--cmdline', help='extra arguments to be passed on the '
                         'kernel command line', default='', action=ValidateStrLenAction, maxlen=1536)
     parser.add_argument('--base', help='base address', type=parse_int, default=0x10000000)
diff --git a/mkbootimg/unpack_bootimg b/mkbootimg/unpack_bootimg.py
old mode 100755
new mode 100644
similarity index 100%
rename from mkbootimg/unpack_bootimg
rename to mkbootimg/unpack_bootimg.py
diff --git a/rootdir/init.rc b/rootdir/init.rc
index 915540e..2a70a4a 100644
--- a/rootdir/init.rc
+++ b/rootdir/init.rc
@@ -400,6 +400,7 @@
 
     # Make sure we have the device encryption key.
     start vold
+    exec - system system -- /system/bin/vdc checkpoint prepareDriveForCheckpoint /data
     installkey /data
 
     # Start bootcharting as soon as possible after the data partition is
@@ -407,6 +408,9 @@
     mkdir /data/bootchart 0755 shell shell
     bootchart start
 
+    # Start apexd as soon as we can
+    start apexd
+
     # Avoid predictable entropy pool. Carry over entropy from previous boot.
     copy /data/system/entropy.dat /dev/urandom
 
diff --git a/storaged/Android.bp b/storaged/Android.bp
index 7466728..733b60f 100644
--- a/storaged/Android.bp
+++ b/storaged/Android.bp
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
         "uid_info.cpp",
         "storaged.proto",
         ":storaged_aidl",
-        "binder/android/os/storaged/IStoragedPrivate.aidl",
+        ":storaged_aidl_private",
     ],
 
     static_libs: ["libhealthhalutils"],
@@ -116,4 +116,13 @@
     srcs: [
         "binder/android/os/IStoraged.aidl",
     ],
+    path: "binder",
+}
+
+filegroup {
+    name: "storaged_aidl_private",
+    srcs: [
+        "binder/android/os/storaged/IStoragedPrivate.aidl",
+    ],
+    path: "binder",
 }
diff --git a/trusty/keymaster/3.0/TrustyKeymaster3Device.cpp b/trusty/keymaster/3.0/TrustyKeymaster3Device.cpp
index 8e3b3b1..0849ee9 100644
--- a/trusty/keymaster/3.0/TrustyKeymaster3Device.cpp
+++ b/trusty/keymaster/3.0/TrustyKeymaster3Device.cpp
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <cutils/log.h>
 #include <keymaster/android_keymaster_messages.h>
 #include <trusty_keymaster/TrustyKeymaster3Device.h>
+#include <trusty_keymaster/ipc/trusty_keymaster_ipc.h>
 
 using ::keymaster::AbortOperationRequest;
 using ::keymaster::AbortOperationResponse;
@@ -393,20 +394,32 @@
                                             const hidl_vec<KeyParameter>& inParams,
                                             const hidl_vec<uint8_t>& input, update_cb _hidl_cb) {
     UpdateOperationRequest request;
-    request.op_handle = operationHandle;
-    request.input.Reinitialize(input.data(), input.size());
-    request.additional_params.Reinitialize(KmParamSet(inParams));
-
     UpdateOperationResponse response;
-    impl_->UpdateOperation(request, &response);
-
-    uint32_t resultConsumed = 0;
     hidl_vec<KeyParameter> resultParams;
     hidl_vec<uint8_t> resultBlob;
-    if (response.error == KM_ERROR_OK) {
-        resultConsumed = response.input_consumed;
-        resultParams = kmParamSet2Hidl(response.output_params);
-        resultBlob = kmBuffer2hidlVec(response.output);
+    uint32_t resultConsumed = 0;
+
+    request.op_handle = operationHandle;
+    request.additional_params.Reinitialize(KmParamSet(inParams));
+
+    size_t inp_size = input.size();
+    size_t ser_size = request.SerializedSize();
+
+    if (ser_size > TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_SEND_BUF_SIZE) {
+        response.error = KM_ERROR_INVALID_INPUT_LENGTH;
+    } else {
+        if (ser_size + inp_size > TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_SEND_BUF_SIZE) {
+            inp_size = TRUSTY_KEYMASTER_SEND_BUF_SIZE - ser_size;
+        }
+        request.input.Reinitialize(input.data(), inp_size);
+
+        impl_->UpdateOperation(request, &response);
+
+        if (response.error == KM_ERROR_OK) {
+            resultConsumed = response.input_consumed;
+            resultParams = kmParamSet2Hidl(response.output_params);
+            resultBlob = kmBuffer2hidlVec(response.output);
+        }
     }
     _hidl_cb(legacy_enum_conversion(response.error), resultConsumed, resultParams, resultBlob);
     return Void();