diff --git a/adb/SERVICES.TXT b/adb/SERVICES.TXT
index be4d50b..d9aa09c 100644
--- a/adb/SERVICES.TXT
+++ b/adb/SERVICES.TXT
@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@
     upgrade.
 
 host:devices
+host:devices-l
     Ask to return the list of available Android devices and their
-    state. After the OKAY, this is followed by a 4-byte hex len,
+    state. devices-l includes the device paths in the state.
+    After the OKAY, this is followed by a 4-byte hex len,
     and a string that will be dumped as-is by the client, then
     the connection is closed
 
@@ -88,6 +90,9 @@
     Returns the serial number of the corresponding device/emulator.
     Note that emulator serial numbers are of the form "emulator-5554"
 
+<host-prefix>:get-devpath
+    Returns the device path of the corresponding device/emulator.
+
 <host-prefix>:get-state
     Returns the state of a given device as a string.
 
diff --git a/adb/adb.c b/adb/adb.c
index f4ee448..4e7a6dd 100644
--- a/adb/adb.c
+++ b/adb/adb.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <time.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>
@@ -1067,7 +1068,7 @@
 
     strncpy(hostbuf, host, sizeof(hostbuf) - 1);
     if (portstr) {
-        if (portstr - host >= sizeof(hostbuf)) {
+        if (portstr - host >= (ptrdiff_t)sizeof(hostbuf)) {
             snprintf(buffer, buffer_size, "bad host name %s", host);
             return;
         }
@@ -1201,16 +1202,19 @@
     }
 
     // return a list of all connected devices
-    if (!strcmp(service, "devices")) {
+    if (!strncmp(service, "devices", 7)) {
         char buffer[4096];
-        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
-        memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
-        D("Getting device list \n");
-        list_transports(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
-        snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "OKAY%04x%s",(unsigned)strlen(buffer),buffer);
-        D("Wrote device list \n");
-        writex(reply_fd, buf, strlen(buf));
-        return 0;
+        int use_long = !strcmp(service+7, "-l");
+        if (use_long || service[7] == 0) {
+            memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+            memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
+            D("Getting device list \n");
+            list_transports(buffer, sizeof(buffer), use_long);
+            snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "OKAY%04x%s",(unsigned)strlen(buffer),buffer);
+            D("Wrote device list \n");
+            writex(reply_fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+            return 0;
+        }
     }
 
     // add a new TCP transport, device or emulator
@@ -1276,6 +1280,16 @@
         writex(reply_fd, buf, strlen(buf));
         return 0;
     }
+    if(!strncmp(service,"get-devpath",strlen("get-devpath"))) {
+        char *out = "unknown";
+         transport = acquire_one_transport(CS_ANY, ttype, serial, NULL);
+       if (transport && transport->devpath) {
+            out = transport->devpath;
+        }
+        snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "OKAY%04x%s",(unsigned)strlen(out),out);
+        writex(reply_fd, buf, strlen(buf));
+        return 0;
+    }
     // indicates a new emulator instance has started
     if (!strncmp(service,"emulator:",9)) {
         int  port = atoi(service+9);
diff --git a/adb/adb.h b/adb/adb.h
index 03a7393..4a9b53c 100644
--- a/adb/adb.h
+++ b/adb/adb.h
@@ -190,6 +190,7 @@
         /* used to identify transports for clients */
     char *serial;
     char *product;
+    char *devpath;
     int adb_port; // Use for emulators (local transport)
 
         /* a list of adisconnect callbacks called when the transport is kicked */
@@ -253,7 +254,7 @@
 ** get_device_transport does an acquire on your behalf before returning
 */
 void init_transport_registration(void);
-int  list_transports(char *buf, size_t  bufsize);
+int  list_transports(char *buf, size_t  bufsize, int show_devpath);
 void update_transports(void);
 
 asocket*  create_device_tracker(void);
@@ -286,7 +287,7 @@
 void unregister_transport(atransport *t);
 void unregister_all_tcp_transports();
 
-void register_usb_transport(usb_handle *h, const char *serial, unsigned writeable);
+void register_usb_transport(usb_handle *h, const char *serial, const char *devpath, unsigned writeable);
 
 /* this should only be used for transports with connection_state == CS_NOPERM */
 void unregister_usb_transport(usb_handle *usb);
diff --git a/adb/commandline.c b/adb/commandline.c
index 47c9bec..a6f1ce2 100644
--- a/adb/commandline.c
+++ b/adb/commandline.c
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@
         "                                 returns an error if more than one USB device is present.\n"
         " -e                            - directs command to the only running emulator.\n"
         "                                 returns an error if more than one emulator is running.\n"
-        " -s <serial number>            - directs command to the USB device or emulator with\n"
-        "                                 the given serial number. Overrides ANDROID_SERIAL\n"
+        " -s <specific device>          - directs command to the device or emulator with the given\n"
+        "                                 serial number or device path. Overrides ANDROID_SERIAL\n"
         "                                 environment variable.\n"
         " -p <product name or path>     - simple product name like 'sooner', or\n"
         "                                 a relative/absolute path to a product\n"
@@ -93,7 +93,8 @@
         "                                 If -p is not specified, the ANDROID_PRODUCT_OUT\n"
         "                                 environment variable is used, which must\n"
         "                                 be an absolute path.\n"
-        " devices                       - list all connected devices\n"
+        " devices [-l]                  - list all connected devices\n"
+        "                                 ('-l' means list device paths)\n"
         " connect <host>[:<port>]       - connect to a device via TCP/IP\n"
         "                                 Port 5555 is used by default if no port number is specified.\n"
         " disconnect [<host>[:<port>]]  - disconnect from a TCP/IP device.\n"
@@ -159,6 +160,7 @@
         "  adb kill-server              - kill the server if it is running\n"
         "  adb get-state                - prints: offline | bootloader | device\n"
         "  adb get-serialno             - prints: <serial-number>\n"
+        "  adb get-devpath              - prints: <device-path>\n"
         "  adb status-window            - continuously print device status for a specified device\n"
         "  adb remount                  - remounts the /system partition on the device read-write\n"
         "  adb reboot [bootloader|recovery] - reboots the device, optionally into the bootloader or recovery program\n"
@@ -1016,7 +1018,16 @@
 
     if(!strcmp(argv[0], "devices")) {
         char *tmp;
-        snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "host:%s", argv[0]);
+        char *listopt;
+        if (argc < 2)
+            listopt = "";
+        else if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-l"))
+            listopt = argv[1];
+        else {
+            fprintf(stderr, "Usage: adb devices [-l]\n");
+            return 1;
+        }
+        snprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "host:%s%s", argv[0], listopt);
         tmp = adb_query(buf);
         if(tmp) {
             printf("List of devices attached \n");
@@ -1298,7 +1309,8 @@
     /* passthrough commands */
 
     if(!strcmp(argv[0],"get-state") ||
-        !strcmp(argv[0],"get-serialno"))
+        !strcmp(argv[0],"get-serialno") ||
+        !strcmp(argv[0],"get-devpath"))
     {
         char *tmp;
 
diff --git a/adb/sockets.c b/adb/sockets.c
index 91db951..cad107f 100644
--- a/adb/sockets.c
+++ b/adb/sockets.c
@@ -615,6 +615,10 @@
 char *skip_host_serial(char *service) {
     char *first_colon, *serial_end;
 
+    if (!strncmp(service, "usb:", 4)) {
+        return strchr(service + 4, ':');
+    }
+
     first_colon = strchr(service, ':');
     if (!first_colon) {
         /* No colon in service string. */
diff --git a/adb/transport.c b/adb/transport.c
index 2f7bd27..d99d591 100644
--- a/adb/transport.c
+++ b/adb/transport.c
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@
     char  head[5];
     int   len;
 
-    len = list_transports(buffer+4, bufferlen-4);
+    len = list_transports(buffer+4, bufferlen-4, 0);
     snprintf(head, sizeof(head), "%04x", len);
     memcpy(buffer, head, 4);
     len += 4;
@@ -601,6 +601,8 @@
             free(t->product);
         if (t->serial)
             free(t->serial);
+        if (t->devpath)
+            free(t->devpath);
 
         memset(t,0xee,sizeof(atransport));
         free(t);
@@ -762,6 +764,10 @@
                 result = t;
                 break;
             }
+            if (t->devpath && !strcmp(serial, t->devpath)) {
+                result = t;
+                break;
+            }
         } else {
             if (ttype == kTransportUsb && t->type == kTransportUsb) {
                 if (result) {
@@ -837,7 +843,7 @@
     }
 }
 
-int list_transports(char *buf, size_t  bufsize)
+int list_transports(char *buf, size_t  bufsize, int show_devpath)
 {
     char*       p   = buf;
     char*       end = buf + bufsize;
@@ -850,7 +856,13 @@
         const char* serial = t->serial;
         if (!serial || !serial[0])
             serial = "????????????";
-        len = snprintf(p, end - p, "%s\t%s\n", serial, statename(t));
+        if (show_devpath) {
+            const char* devpath = t->devpath;
+            if (!devpath || !devpath[0])
+                devpath = "????????????";
+            len = snprintf(p, end - p, "%s\t%s\t%s\n", serial, devpath, statename(t));
+        } else
+            len = snprintf(p, end - p, "%s\t%s\n", serial, statename(t));
 
         if (p + len >= end) {
             /* discard last line if buffer is too short */
@@ -956,7 +968,7 @@
 
 #endif
 
-void register_usb_transport(usb_handle *usb, const char *serial, unsigned writeable)
+void register_usb_transport(usb_handle *usb, const char *serial, const char *devpath, unsigned writeable)
 {
     atransport *t = calloc(1, sizeof(atransport));
     D("transport: %p init'ing for usb_handle %p (sn='%s')\n", t, usb,
@@ -965,6 +977,9 @@
     if(serial) {
         t->serial = strdup(serial);
     }
+    if(devpath) {
+        t->devpath = strdup(devpath);
+    }
     register_transport(t);
 }
 
diff --git a/adb/usb_libusb.c b/adb/usb_libusb.c
index 8c75266..06ff5dc 100644
--- a/adb/usb_libusb.c
+++ b/adb/usb_libusb.c
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@
 
     adb_mutex_unlock(&usb_lock);
 
-    register_usb_transport(usb, serial, 1); 
+    register_usb_transport(usb, serial, NULL, 1); 
 
     return (1);
 }
diff --git a/adb/usb_linux.c b/adb/usb_linux.c
index 4d55b74..7bf2057 100644
--- a/adb/usb_linux.c
+++ b/adb/usb_linux.c
@@ -116,7 +116,8 @@
 
 }
 
-static void register_device(const char *dev_name, unsigned char ep_in, unsigned char ep_out,
+static void register_device(const char *dev_name, const char *devpath,
+                            unsigned char ep_in, unsigned char ep_out,
                             int ifc, int serial_index, unsigned zero_mask);
 
 static inline int badname(const char *name)
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@
 
 static void find_usb_device(const char *base,
         void (*register_device_callback)
-                (const char *, unsigned char, unsigned char, int, int, unsigned))
+                (const char *, const char *, unsigned char, unsigned char, int, int, unsigned))
 {
     char busname[32], devname[32];
     unsigned char local_ep_in, local_ep_out;
@@ -227,6 +228,11 @@
                             is_adb_interface(vid, pid, interface->bInterfaceClass,
                             interface->bInterfaceSubClass, interface->bInterfaceProtocol))  {
 
+                        struct stat st;
+                        char pathbuf[128];
+                        char link[256];
+                        char *devpath = NULL;
+
                         DBGX("looking for bulk endpoints\n");
                             // looks like ADB...
                         ep1 = (struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *)bufptr;
@@ -263,7 +269,26 @@
                             local_ep_out = ep1->bEndpointAddress;
                         }
 
-                        register_device_callback(devname, local_ep_in, local_ep_out,
+                            // Determine the device path
+                        if (!fstat(fd, &st) && S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) {
+                            char *slash;
+                            ssize_t link_len;
+                            snprintf(pathbuf, sizeof(pathbuf), "/sys/dev/char/%d:%d",
+                                     major(st.st_rdev), minor(st.st_rdev));
+                            link_len = readlink(pathbuf, link, sizeof(link) - 1);
+                            if (link_len > 0) {
+                                link[link_len] = '\0';
+                                slash = strrchr(link, '/');
+                                if (slash) {
+                                    snprintf(pathbuf, sizeof(pathbuf),
+                                             "usb:%s", slash + 1);
+                                    devpath = pathbuf;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        register_device_callback(devname, devpath,
+                                local_ep_in, local_ep_out,
                                 interface->bInterfaceNumber, device->iSerialNumber, zero_mask);
                         break;
                     }
@@ -532,7 +557,7 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-static void register_device(const char *dev_name,
+static void register_device(const char *dev_name, const char *devpath,
                             unsigned char ep_in, unsigned char ep_out,
                             int interface, int serial_index, unsigned zero_mask)
 {
@@ -644,7 +669,7 @@
     usb->next->prev = usb;
     adb_mutex_unlock(&usb_lock);
 
-    register_usb_transport(usb, serial, usb->writeable);
+    register_usb_transport(usb, serial, devpath, usb->writeable);
     return;
 
 fail:
diff --git a/adb/usb_linux_client.c b/adb/usb_linux_client.c
index 635fa4b..b110ed8 100644
--- a/adb/usb_linux_client.c
+++ b/adb/usb_linux_client.c
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
         usb->fd = fd;
 
         D("[ usb_thread - registering device ]\n");
-        register_usb_transport(usb, 0, 1);
+        register_usb_transport(usb, 0, 0, 1);
     }
 
     // never gets here
diff --git a/adb/usb_osx.c b/adb/usb_osx.c
index 00d02da..45ce444 100644
--- a/adb/usb_osx.c
+++ b/adb/usb_osx.c
@@ -125,10 +125,13 @@
     IOUSBDeviceInterface197  **dev = NULL;
     HRESULT                  result;
     SInt32                   score;
+    UInt32                   locationId;
     UInt16                   vendor;
     UInt16                   product;
     UInt8                    serialIndex;
     char                     serial[256];
+    char                     devpathBuf[64];
+    char                     *devpath = NULL;
 
     while ((usbInterface = IOIteratorNext(iterator))) {
         //* Create an intermediate interface plugin
@@ -192,6 +195,11 @@
 
         kr = (*dev)->GetDeviceVendor(dev, &vendor);
         kr = (*dev)->GetDeviceProduct(dev, &product);
+        kr = (*dev)->GetLocationID(dev, &locationId);
+        if (kr == 0) {
+            snprintf(devpathBuf, sizeof(devpathBuf), "usb:%lX", locationId);
+            devpath = devpathBuf;
+        }
         kr = (*dev)->USBGetSerialNumberStringIndex(dev, &serialIndex);
 
 	if (serialIndex > 0) {
@@ -256,7 +264,7 @@
         }
 
         DBG("AndroidDeviceAdded calling register_usb_transport\n");
-        register_usb_transport(handle, (serial[0] ? serial : NULL), 1);
+        register_usb_transport(handle, (serial[0] ? serial : NULL), devpath, 1);
 
         // Register for an interest notification of this device being removed.
         // Pass the reference to our private data as the refCon for the
diff --git a/adb/usb_windows.c b/adb/usb_windows.c
index 251bf17..4936b77 100644
--- a/adb/usb_windows.c
+++ b/adb/usb_windows.c
@@ -490,7 +490,7 @@
                                 true)) {
             // Lets make sure that we don't duplicate this device
             if (register_new_device(handle)) {
-              register_usb_transport(handle, serial_number, 1);
+              register_usb_transport(handle, serial_number, NULL, 1);
             } else {
               D("register_new_device failed for %s\n", interf_name);
               usb_cleanup_handle(handle);
diff --git a/fastboot/engine.c b/fastboot/engine.c
index 46b0828..f5215cf 100644
--- a/fastboot/engine.c
+++ b/fastboot/engine.c
@@ -542,6 +542,8 @@
     int status = 0;
 
     a = action_list;
+    if (!a)
+        return status;
     resp[FB_RESPONSE_SZ] = 0;
 
     double start = -1;
@@ -578,3 +580,8 @@
     fprintf(stderr,"finished. total time: %.3fs\n", (now() - start));
     return status;
 }
+
+int fb_queue_is_empty(void)
+{
+    return (action_list == NULL);
+}
diff --git a/fastboot/fastboot.c b/fastboot/fastboot.c
index 848cea3..5858e23 100644
--- a/fastboot/fastboot.c
+++ b/fastboot/fastboot.c
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
 static const char *cmdline = 0;
 static int wipe_data = 0;
 static unsigned short vendor_id = 0;
+static int long_listing = 0;
 
 static unsigned base_addr = 0x10000000;
 
@@ -167,9 +168,10 @@
     if(info->ifc_class != 0xff) return -1;
     if(info->ifc_subclass != 0x42) return -1;
     if(info->ifc_protocol != 0x03) return -1;
-    // require matching serial number if a serial number is specified
+    // require matching serial number or device path if requested
     // at the command line with the -s option.
-    if (serial && strcmp(serial, info->serial_number) != 0) return -1;
+    if (serial && (strcmp(serial, info->serial_number) != 0 &&
+                   strcmp(serial, info->device_path) != 0)) return -1;
     return 0;
 }
 
@@ -183,8 +185,16 @@
         if (!serial[0]) {
             serial = "????????????";
         }
-        // output compatible with "adb devices"
-        printf("%s\tfastboot\n", serial);
+        if (!long_listing) {
+            // output compatible with "adb devices"
+            printf("%s\tfastboot\n", serial);
+        } else {
+            char* device_path = info->device_path;
+            if (!device_path[0]) {
+                device_path = "????????????";
+            }
+            printf("%s\t%s\tfastboot\n", serial, device_path);
+        }
     }
 
     return -1;
@@ -238,7 +248,9 @@
             "\n"
             "options:\n"
             "  -w                                       erase userdata and cache\n"
-            "  -s <serial number>                       specify device serial number\n"
+            "  -s <specific device>                     specify device serial number\n"
+            "                                           or path to device port\n"
+            "  -l                                       with \"devices\", lists device paths\n"
             "  -p <product>                             specify product name\n"
             "  -c <cmdline>                             override kernel commandline\n"
             "  -i <vendor id>                           specify a custom USB vendor id\n"
@@ -571,6 +583,7 @@
     int wants_wipe = 0;
     int wants_reboot = 0;
     int wants_reboot_bootloader = 0;
+    int wants_device_list = 0;
     void *data;
     unsigned sz;
     unsigned page_size = 2048;
@@ -582,11 +595,6 @@
         return 1;
     }
 
-    if (!strcmp(*argv, "devices")) {
-        list_devices();
-        return 0;
-    }
-
     if (!strcmp(*argv, "help")) {
         usage();
         return 0;
@@ -612,6 +620,9 @@
             require(2);
             serial = argv[1];
             skip(2);
+        } else if(!strcmp(*argv, "-l")) {
+            long_listing = 1;
+            skip(1);
         } else if(!strcmp(*argv, "-p")) {
             require(2);
             product = argv[1];
@@ -630,6 +641,9 @@
                 die("invalid vendor id '%s'", argv[1]);
             vendor_id = (unsigned short)val;
             skip(2);
+        } else if (!strcmp(*argv, "devices")) {
+            skip(1);
+            wants_device_list = 1;
         } else if(!strcmp(*argv, "getvar")) {
             require(2);
             fb_queue_display(argv[1], argv[1]);
@@ -725,6 +739,9 @@
         }
     }
 
+    if (wants_device_list)
+        list_devices();
+
     if (wants_wipe) {
         fb_queue_erase("userdata");
         fb_queue_format("userdata", 1);
@@ -737,6 +754,9 @@
         fb_queue_command("reboot-bootloader", "rebooting into bootloader");
     }
 
+    if (fb_queue_is_empty())
+        return 0;
+
     usb = open_device();
 
     status = fb_execute_queue(usb);
diff --git a/fastboot/fastboot.h b/fastboot/fastboot.h
index 1d3e2b8..90d8a6a 100644
--- a/fastboot/fastboot.h
+++ b/fastboot/fastboot.h
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 void fb_queue_download(const char *name, void *data, unsigned size);
 void fb_queue_notice(const char *notice);
 int fb_execute_queue(usb_handle *usb);
+int fb_queue_is_empty(void);
 
 /* util stuff */
 void die(const char *fmt, ...);
diff --git a/fastboot/usb.h b/fastboot/usb.h
index df9efde..d504ee2 100644
--- a/fastboot/usb.h
+++ b/fastboot/usb.h
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
     unsigned char writable;
 
     char serial_number[256];
+    char device_path[256];
 };
 
 typedef int (*ifc_match_func)(usb_ifc_info *ifc);
diff --git a/fastboot/usb_linux.c b/fastboot/usb_linux.c
index 83c6de9..b7a9ca3 100644
--- a/fastboot/usb_linux.c
+++ b/fastboot/usb_linux.c
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 #include <string.h>
 
 #include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
@@ -107,6 +108,9 @@
     int in, out;
     unsigned i;
     unsigned e;
+    
+    struct stat st;
+    int result;
 
     if(check(ptr, len, USB_DT_DEVICE, USB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE))
         return -1;
@@ -134,7 +138,6 @@
         // Keep it short enough because some bootloaders are borked if the URB len is > 255
         // 128 is too big by 1.
         __u16 buffer[127];
-        int result;
 
         memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
 
@@ -158,6 +161,42 @@
         }
     }
 
+    /* We need to get a path that represents a particular port on a particular
+     * hub.  We are passed an fd that was obtained by opening an entry under
+     * /dev/bus/usb.  Unfortunately, the names of those entries change each
+     * time devices are plugged and unplugged.  So how to get a repeatable
+     * path?  udevadm provided the inspiration.  We can get the major and
+     * minor of the device file, read the symlink that can be found here:
+     *   /sys/dev/char/<major>:<minor>
+     * and then use the last element of that path.  As a concrete example, I
+     * have an Android device at /dev/bus/usb/001/027 so working with bash:
+     *   $ ls -l /dev/bus/usb/001/027
+     *   crw-rw-r-- 1 root plugdev 189, 26 Apr  9 11:03 /dev/bus/usb/001/027
+     *   $ ls -l /sys/dev/char/189:26
+     *   lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Apr  9 11:03 /sys/dev/char/189:26 ->
+     *           ../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1a.7/usb1/1-4/1-4.2/1-4.2.3
+     * So our device_path would be 1-4.2.3 which says my device is connected
+     * to port 3 of a hub on port 2 of a hub on port 4 of bus 1 (per
+     * http://www.linux-usb.org/FAQ.html).
+     */
+    info.device_path[0] = '\0';
+    result = fstat(fd, &st);
+    if (!result && S_ISCHR(st.st_mode)) {
+        char cdev[128];
+        char link[256];
+        char *slash;
+        ssize_t link_len;
+        snprintf(cdev, sizeof(cdev), "/sys/dev/char/%d:%d",
+                 major(st.st_rdev), minor(st.st_rdev));
+        link_len = readlink(cdev, link, sizeof(link) - 1);
+        if (link_len > 0) {
+            link[link_len] = '\0';
+            slash = strrchr(link, '/');
+            if (slash)
+                snprintf(info.device_path, sizeof(info.device_path), "usb:%s", slash+1);
+        }
+    }
+
     for(i = 0; i < cfg->bNumInterfaces; i++) {
         if(check(ptr, len, USB_DT_INTERFACE, USB_DT_INTERFACE_SIZE))
             return -1;
diff --git a/fastboot/usb_osx.c b/fastboot/usb_osx.c
index cbce9bd..1548ba8 100644
--- a/fastboot/usb_osx.c
+++ b/fastboot/usb_osx.c
@@ -264,6 +264,7 @@
     SInt32 score;
     HRESULT result;
     UInt8 serialIndex;
+    UInt32 locationId;
 
     // Create an intermediate plugin.
     kr = IOCreatePlugInInterfaceForService(device,
@@ -322,6 +323,13 @@
         goto error;
     }
 
+    kr = (*dev)->GetLocationID(dev, &locationId);
+    if (kr != 0) {
+        ERR("GetLocationId");
+        goto error;
+    }
+    snprintf(handle->info.device_path, sizeof(handle->info.device_path), "usb:%lX", locationId);
+
     kr = (*dev)->USBGetSerialNumberStringIndex(dev, &serialIndex);
 
     if (serialIndex > 0) {
diff --git a/fastboot/usb_windows.c b/fastboot/usb_windows.c
index 99027cc..7aa36b2 100644
--- a/fastboot/usb_windows.c
+++ b/fastboot/usb_windows.c
@@ -311,6 +311,8 @@
         info.serial_number[0] = 0;
     }
 
+    info.device_path[0] = 0;
+
     if (callback(&info) == 0) {
         return 1;
     }
diff --git a/include/arch/darwin-x86/AndroidConfig.h b/include/arch/darwin-x86/AndroidConfig.h
index 48f8d9a..9da01c5 100644
--- a/include/arch/darwin-x86/AndroidConfig.h
+++ b/include/arch/darwin-x86/AndroidConfig.h
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@
  * with a memory address.  If not defined, stack crawls will not have symbolic
  * information.
  */
-#define HAVE_DLADDR 0
+#define HAVE_DLADDR 1
 
 /*
  * Defined if we have the cxxabi.h header for demangling C++ symbols.  If
diff --git a/include/corkscrew/map_info.h b/include/corkscrew/map_info.h
index c5cd8f8..ea1d35f 100644
--- a/include/corkscrew/map_info.h
+++ b/include/corkscrew/map_info.h
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
diff --git a/include/corkscrew/ptrace.h b/include/corkscrew/ptrace.h
index 172e348..0040c22 100644
--- a/include/corkscrew/ptrace.h
+++ b/include/corkscrew/ptrace.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 #include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
diff --git a/include/corkscrew/symbol_table.h b/include/corkscrew/symbol_table.h
index 020c8b8..4998750 100644
--- a/include/corkscrew/symbol_table.h
+++ b/include/corkscrew/symbol_table.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 #ifndef _CORKSCREW_SYMBOL_TABLE_H
 #define _CORKSCREW_SYMBOL_TABLE_H
 
+#include <stdint.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
diff --git a/libcorkscrew/Android.mk b/libcorkscrew/Android.mk
index 433f93c..9019986 100644
--- a/libcorkscrew/Android.mk
+++ b/libcorkscrew/Android.mk
@@ -14,9 +14,7 @@
 
 LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
 
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
+generic_src_files := \
 	backtrace.c \
 	backtrace-helper.c \
 	demangle.c \
@@ -24,16 +22,24 @@
 	ptrace.c \
 	symbol_table.c
 
-ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),arm)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES += \
+arm_src_files := \
 	arch-arm/backtrace-arm.c \
 	arch-arm/ptrace-arm.c
+
+x86_src_files := \
+	arch-x86/backtrace-x86.c \
+	arch-x86/ptrace-x86.c
+
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(generic_src_files)
+
+ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),arm)
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES += $(arm_src_files)
 LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DCORKSCREW_HAVE_ARCH
 endif
 ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),x86)
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES += \
-	arch-x86/backtrace-x86.c \
-	arch-x86/ptrace-x86.c
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES += $(x86_src_files)
 LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DCORKSCREW_HAVE_ARCH
 endif
 
@@ -44,3 +50,38 @@
 LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
 
 include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
+
+# Build test.
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := test.c
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -std=gnu99 -Werror -fno-inline-small-functions
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libcorkscrew
+LOCAL_MODULE := libcorkscrew_test
+LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
+include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
+
+
+ifeq ($(HOST_OS)-$(HOST_ARCH),linux-x86)
+
+# Build libcorkscrew.
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES += $(generic_src_files) $(x86_src_files)
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -DCORKSCREW_HAVE_ARCH
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += libgccdemangle
+LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES += libcutils
+LOCAL_LDLIBS += -ldl -lrt
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -std=gnu99 -Werror
+LOCAL_MODULE := libcorkscrew
+LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
+include $(BUILD_HOST_SHARED_LIBRARY)
+
+# Build test.
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := test.c
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -std=gnu99 -Werror -fno-inline-small-functions
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libcorkscrew
+LOCAL_MODULE := libcorkscrew_test
+LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
+include $(BUILD_HOST_EXECUTABLE)
+
+endif # linux-x86
diff --git a/libcorkscrew/arch-x86/backtrace-x86.c b/libcorkscrew/arch-x86/backtrace-x86.c
index 24fadcb..01d9ed5 100644
--- a/libcorkscrew/arch-x86/backtrace-x86.c
+++ b/libcorkscrew/arch-x86/backtrace-x86.c
@@ -31,40 +31,22 @@
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <sys/ptrace.h>
-#include <sys/exec_elf.h>
 #include <cutils/log.h>
 
-/* Machine context at the time a signal was raised. */
-typedef struct ucontext {
-    uint32_t uc_flags;
-    struct ucontext* uc_link;
-    stack_t uc_stack;
-    struct sigcontext {
-        uint32_t gs;
-        uint32_t fs;
-        uint32_t es;
-        uint32_t ds;
-        uint32_t edi;
-        uint32_t esi;
-        uint32_t ebp;
-        uint32_t esp;
-        uint32_t ebx;
-        uint32_t edx;
-        uint32_t ecx;
-        uint32_t eax;
-        uint32_t trapno;
-        uint32_t err;
-        uint32_t eip;
-        uint32_t cs;
-        uint32_t efl;
-        uint32_t uesp;
-        uint32_t ss;
-        void* fpregs;
-        uint32_t oldmask;
-        uint32_t cr2;
-    } uc_mcontext;
-    uint32_t uc_sigmask;
-} ucontext_t;
+#if defined(__BIONIC__)
+
+// Bionic offers the Linux kernel headers.
+#include <asm/sigcontext.h>
+#include <asm/ucontext.h>
+typedef struct ucontext ucontext_t;
+
+#else
+
+// glibc has its own renaming of the Linux kernel's structures.
+#define __USE_GNU // For REG_EBP, REG_ESP, and REG_EIP.
+#include <ucontext.h>
+
+#endif
 
 /* Unwind state. */
 typedef struct {
@@ -114,9 +96,15 @@
     const ucontext_t* uc = (const ucontext_t*)sigcontext;
 
     unwind_state_t state;
+#if defined(__BIONIC__)
     state.ebp = uc->uc_mcontext.ebp;
-    state.eip = uc->uc_mcontext.eip;
     state.esp = uc->uc_mcontext.esp;
+    state.eip = uc->uc_mcontext.eip;
+#else
+    state.ebp = uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EBP];
+    state.esp = uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_ESP];
+    state.eip = uc->uc_mcontext.gregs[REG_EIP];
+#endif
 
     memory_t memory;
     init_memory(&memory, map_info_list);
diff --git a/libcorkscrew/backtrace.c b/libcorkscrew/backtrace.c
index fa21574..eec53a2 100644
--- a/libcorkscrew/backtrace.c
+++ b/libcorkscrew/backtrace.c
@@ -27,16 +27,41 @@
 
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <signal.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
 #include <pthread.h>
 #include <unwind.h>
-#include <sys/exec_elf.h>
 #include <cutils/log.h>
 #include <cutils/atomic.h>
+#include <elf.h>
 
 #if HAVE_DLADDR
+#define __USE_GNU // For dladdr(3) in glibc.
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 #endif
 
+#if defined(__BIONIC__)
+
+// Bionic implements and exports gettid but only implements tgkill.
+extern int tgkill(int tgid, int tid, int sig);
+
+#else
+
+// glibc doesn't implement or export either gettid or tgkill.
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+
+static pid_t gettid() {
+  return syscall(__NR_gettid);
+}
+
+static int tgkill(int tgid, int tid, int sig) {
+  return syscall(__NR_tgkill, tgid, tid, sig);
+}
+
+#endif
+
 typedef struct {
     backtrace_frame_t* backtrace;
     size_t ignore_depth;
@@ -115,8 +140,6 @@
 }
 #endif
 
-extern int tgkill(int tgid, int tid, int sig);
-
 ssize_t unwind_backtrace_thread(pid_t tid, backtrace_frame_t* backtrace,
         size_t ignore_depth, size_t max_depth) {
     if (tid == gettid()) {
diff --git a/libcorkscrew/map_info.c b/libcorkscrew/map_info.c
index f33378f..3c52854 100644
--- a/libcorkscrew/map_info.c
+++ b/libcorkscrew/map_info.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <limits.h>
 #include <pthread.h>
diff --git a/libcorkscrew/ptrace.c b/libcorkscrew/ptrace.c
index cbea8ca..6496d5e 100644
--- a/libcorkscrew/ptrace.c
+++ b/libcorkscrew/ptrace.c
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 #include <corkscrew/ptrace.h>
 
 #include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
 #include <sys/ptrace.h>
 #include <cutils/log.h>
 
diff --git a/libcorkscrew/symbol_table.c b/libcorkscrew/symbol_table.c
index 1b97180..29e4a79 100644
--- a/libcorkscrew/symbol_table.c
+++ b/libcorkscrew/symbol_table.c
@@ -19,14 +19,22 @@
 
 #include <corkscrew/symbol_table.h>
 
+#include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
+#include <elf.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <sys/exec_elf.h>
 #include <cutils/log.h>
 
+static bool is_elf(Elf32_Ehdr* e) {
+    return (e->e_ident[EI_MAG0] == ELFMAG0 &&
+            e->e_ident[EI_MAG1] == ELFMAG1 &&
+            e->e_ident[EI_MAG2] == ELFMAG2 &&
+            e->e_ident[EI_MAG3] == ELFMAG3);
+}
+
 // Compare function for qsort
 static int qcompar(const void *a, const void *b) {
     const symbol_t* asym = (const symbol_t*)a;
@@ -67,7 +75,7 @@
 
     // Parse the file header
     Elf32_Ehdr *hdr = (Elf32_Ehdr*)base;
-    if (!IS_ELF(*hdr)) {
+    if (!is_elf(hdr)) {
         goto out_close;
     }
     Elf32_Shdr *shdr = (Elf32_Shdr*)(base + hdr->e_shoff);
diff --git a/libcorkscrew/test.c b/libcorkscrew/test.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af34c03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libcorkscrew/test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include <corkscrew/backtrace.h>
+#include <corkscrew/symbol_table.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+void do_backtrace() {
+  const size_t MAX_DEPTH = 32;
+  backtrace_frame_t* frames = (backtrace_frame_t*) malloc(sizeof(backtrace_frame_t) * MAX_DEPTH);
+  ssize_t frame_count = unwind_backtrace(frames, 0, MAX_DEPTH);
+  fprintf(stderr, "frame_count=%d\n", (int) frame_count);
+
+  backtrace_symbol_t* backtrace_symbols = (backtrace_symbol_t*) malloc(sizeof(backtrace_symbol_t) * frame_count);
+  get_backtrace_symbols(frames, frame_count, backtrace_symbols);
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < (size_t) frame_count; ++i) {
+    char line[MAX_BACKTRACE_LINE_LENGTH];
+    format_backtrace_line(i, &frames[i], &backtrace_symbols[i],
+                          line, MAX_BACKTRACE_LINE_LENGTH);
+    if (backtrace_symbols[i].symbol_name != NULL) {
+      // get_backtrace_symbols found the symbol's name with dladdr(3).
+      fprintf(stderr, "  %s\n", line);
+    } else {
+      // We don't have a symbol. Maybe this is a static symbol, and
+      // we can look it up?
+      symbol_table_t* symbols = NULL;
+      if (backtrace_symbols[i].map_name != NULL) {
+        symbols = load_symbol_table(backtrace_symbols[i].map_name);
+      }
+      const symbol_t* symbol = NULL;
+      if (symbols != NULL) {
+        symbol = find_symbol(symbols, frames[i].absolute_pc);
+      }
+      if (symbol != NULL) {
+        uintptr_t offset = frames[i].absolute_pc - symbol->start;
+        fprintf(stderr, "  %s (%s%+d)\n", line, symbol->name, offset);
+      } else {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  %s (\?\?\?)\n", line);
+      }
+      free_symbol_table(symbols);
+    }
+  }
+
+  free_backtrace_symbols(backtrace_symbols, frame_count);
+  free(backtrace_symbols);
+  free(frames);
+}
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline)) void g() {
+  fprintf(stderr, "g()\n");
+  do_backtrace();
+}
+
+__attribute__ ((noinline)) int f(int i) {
+  fprintf(stderr, "f(%i)\n", i);
+  if (i == 0) {
+    g();
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return f(i - 1);
+}
+
+int main() {
+  return f(5);
+}
diff --git a/sdcard/Android.mk b/sdcard/Android.mk
index c430ac8..fb04d6d 100644
--- a/sdcard/Android.mk
+++ b/sdcard/Android.mk
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= sdcard.c
 LOCAL_MODULE:= sdcard
+LOCAL_CFLAGS := -Wall -Wno-unused-parameter
 
 LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libc
 
diff --git a/sdcard/sdcard.c b/sdcard/sdcard.c
index a95513c..316588c 100644
--- a/sdcard/sdcard.c
+++ b/sdcard/sdcard.c
@@ -25,7 +25,9 @@
 #include <sys/statfs.h>
 #include <sys/uio.h>
 #include <dirent.h>
+#include <limits.h>
 #include <ctype.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
 
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
@@ -72,28 +74,42 @@
 
 #define MOUNT_POINT "/storage/sdcard0"
 
+/* Maximum number of bytes to write in one request. */
+#define MAX_WRITE (256 * 1024)
+
+/* Maximum number of bytes to read in one request. */
+#define MAX_READ (128 * 1024)
+
+/* Largest possible request.
+ * The request size is bounded by the maximum size of a FUSE_WRITE request because it has
+ * the largest possible data payload. */
+#define MAX_REQUEST_SIZE (sizeof(struct fuse_in_header) + sizeof(struct fuse_write_in) + MAX_WRITE)
+
+/* Default number of threads. */
+#define DEFAULT_NUM_THREADS 2
+
+/* Pseudo-error constant used to indicate that no fuse status is needed
+ * or that a reply has already been written. */
+#define NO_STATUS 1
+
 struct handle {
-    struct node *node;
     int fd;
 };
 
 struct dirhandle {
-    struct node *node;
     DIR *d;
 };
 
 struct node {
+    __u32 refcount;
     __u64 nid;
     __u64 gen;
 
     struct node *next;          /* per-dir sibling list */
     struct node *child;         /* first contained file by this dir */
-    struct node *all;           /* global node list */
     struct node *parent;        /* containing directory */
 
-    __u32 refcount;
-    __u32 namelen;
-
+    size_t namelen;
     char *name;
     /* If non-null, this is the real name of the file in the underlying storage.
      * This may differ from the field "name" only by case.
@@ -103,98 +119,166 @@
     char *actual_name;
 };
 
+/* Global data structure shared by all fuse handlers. */
 struct fuse {
+    pthread_mutex_t lock;
+
     __u64 next_generation;
-    __u64 next_node_id;
-
     int fd;
-
-    struct node *all;
-
     struct node root;
-    char rootpath[1024];
+    char rootpath[PATH_MAX];
 };
 
-static unsigned uid = -1;
-static unsigned gid = -1;
+/* Private data used by a single fuse handler. */
+struct fuse_handler {
+    struct fuse* fuse;
+    int token;
 
-#define PATH_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
+    /* To save memory, we never use the contents of the request buffer and the read
+     * buffer at the same time.  This allows us to share the underlying storage. */
+    union {
+        __u8 request_buffer[MAX_REQUEST_SIZE];
+        __u8 read_buffer[MAX_READ];
+    };
+};
 
-#define NO_CASE_SENSITIVE_MATCH 0
-#define CASE_SENSITIVE_MATCH 1
-
-/*
- * Get the real-life absolute path to a node.
- *   node: start at this node
- *   buf: storage for returned string
- *   name: append this string to path if set
- */
-char *do_node_get_path(struct node *node, char *buf, const char *name, int match_case_insensitive)
+static inline void *id_to_ptr(__u64 nid)
 {
-    struct node *in_node = node;
-    const char *in_name = name;
-    char *out = buf + PATH_BUFFER_SIZE - 1;
-    int len;
-    out[0] = 0;
+    return (void *) (uintptr_t) nid;
+}
 
-    if (name) {
-        len = strlen(name);
-        goto start;
-    }
+static inline __u64 ptr_to_id(void *ptr)
+{
+    return (__u64) (uintptr_t) ptr;
+}
 
-    while (node) {
-        name = (node->actual_name ? node->actual_name : node->name);
-        len = node->namelen;
-        node = node->parent;
-    start:
-        if ((len + 1) > (out - buf))
-            return 0;
-        out -= len;
-        memcpy(out, name, len);
-        /* avoid double slash at beginning of path */
-        if (out[0] != '/') {
-            out --;
-            out[0] = '/';
+static void acquire_node_locked(struct node* node)
+{
+    node->refcount++;
+    TRACE("ACQUIRE %p (%s) rc=%d\n", node, node->name, node->refcount);
+}
+
+static void remove_node_from_parent_locked(struct node* node);
+
+static void release_node_locked(struct node* node)
+{
+    TRACE("RELEASE %p (%s) rc=%d\n", node, node->name, node->refcount);
+    if (node->refcount > 0) {
+        node->refcount--;
+        if (!node->refcount) {
+            TRACE("DESTROY %p (%s)\n", node, node->name);
+            remove_node_from_parent_locked(node);
+
+                /* TODO: remove debugging - poison memory */
+            memset(node->name, 0xef, node->namelen);
+            free(node->name);
+            free(node->actual_name);
+            memset(node, 0xfc, sizeof(*node));
+            free(node);
         }
+    } else {
+        ERROR("Zero refcnt %p\n", node);
+    }
+}
+
+static void add_node_to_parent_locked(struct node *node, struct node *parent) {
+    node->parent = parent;
+    node->next = parent->child;
+    parent->child = node;
+    acquire_node_locked(parent);
+}
+
+static void remove_node_from_parent_locked(struct node* node)
+{
+    if (node->parent) {
+        if (node->parent->child == node) {
+            node->parent->child = node->parent->child->next;
+        } else {
+            struct node *node2;
+            node2 = node->parent->child;
+            while (node2->next != node)
+                node2 = node2->next;
+            node2->next = node->next;
+        }
+        release_node_locked(node->parent);
+        node->parent = NULL;
+        node->next = NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+/* Gets the absolute path to a node into the provided buffer.
+ *
+ * Populates 'buf' with the path and returns the length of the path on success,
+ * or returns -1 if the path is too long for the provided buffer.
+ */
+static ssize_t get_node_path_locked(struct node* node, char* buf, size_t bufsize)
+{
+    size_t namelen = node->namelen;
+    if (bufsize < namelen + 1) {
+        return -1;
     }
 
-    /* If we are searching for a file within node (rather than computing node's path)
-     * and fail, then we need to look for a case insensitive match.
-     */
-    if (in_name && match_case_insensitive && access(out, F_OK) != 0) {
-        char *path, buffer[PATH_BUFFER_SIZE];
-        DIR* dir;
+    ssize_t pathlen = 0;
+    if (node->parent) {
+        pathlen = get_node_path_locked(node->parent, buf, bufsize - namelen - 2);
+        if (pathlen < 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        buf[pathlen++] = '/';
+    }
+
+    const char* name = node->actual_name ? node->actual_name : node->name;
+    memcpy(buf + pathlen, name, namelen + 1); /* include trailing \0 */
+    return pathlen + namelen;
+}
+
+/* Finds the absolute path of a file within a given directory.
+ * Performs a case-insensitive search for the file and sets the buffer to the path
+ * of the first matching file.  If 'search' is zero or if no match is found, sets
+ * the buffer to the path that the file would have, assuming the name were case-sensitive.
+ *
+ * Populates 'buf' with the path and returns the actual name (within 'buf') on success,
+ * or returns NULL if the path is too long for the provided buffer.
+ */
+static char* find_file_within(const char* path, const char* name,
+        char* buf, size_t bufsize, int search)
+{
+    size_t pathlen = strlen(path);
+    size_t namelen = strlen(name);
+    size_t childlen = pathlen + namelen + 1;
+    char* actual;
+
+    if (bufsize <= childlen) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    memcpy(buf, path, pathlen);
+    buf[pathlen] = '/';
+    actual = buf + pathlen + 1;
+    memcpy(actual, name, namelen + 1);
+
+    if (search && access(buf, F_OK)) {
         struct dirent* entry;
-        path = do_node_get_path(in_node, buffer, NULL, NO_CASE_SENSITIVE_MATCH);
-        dir = opendir(path);
+        DIR* dir = opendir(path);
         if (!dir) {
             ERROR("opendir %s failed: %s", path, strerror(errno));
-            return out;
+            return actual;
         }
-
         while ((entry = readdir(dir))) {
-            if (!strcasecmp(entry->d_name, in_name)) {
-                /* we have a match - replace the name */
-                len = strlen(in_name);
-                memcpy(buf + PATH_BUFFER_SIZE - len - 1, entry->d_name, len);
+            if (!strcasecmp(entry->d_name, name)) {
+                /* we have a match - replace the name, don't need to copy the null again */
+                memcpy(actual, entry->d_name, namelen);
                 break;
             }
         }
         closedir(dir);
     }
-
-   return out;
+    return actual;
 }
 
-char *node_get_path(struct node *node, char *buf, const char *name)
+static void attr_from_stat(struct fuse_attr *attr, const struct stat *s, __u64 nid)
 {
-    /* We look for case insensitive matches by default */
-    return do_node_get_path(node, buf, name, CASE_SENSITIVE_MATCH);
-}
-
-void attr_from_stat(struct fuse_attr *attr, struct stat *s)
-{
-    attr->ino = s->st_ino;
+    attr->ino = nid;
     attr->size = s->st_size;
     attr->blocks = s->st_blocks;
     attr->atime = s->st_atime;
@@ -221,129 +305,81 @@
     attr->gid = AID_SDCARD_RW;
 }
 
-int node_get_attr(struct node *node, struct fuse_attr *attr)
-{
-    int res;
-    struct stat s;
-    char *path, buffer[PATH_BUFFER_SIZE];
-
-    path = node_get_path(node, buffer, 0);
-    res = lstat(path, &s);
-    if (res < 0) {
-        ERROR("lstat('%s') errno %d\n", path, errno);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    attr_from_stat(attr, &s);    
-    attr->ino = node->nid;
-
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static void add_node_to_parent(struct node *node, struct node *parent) {
-    node->parent = parent;
-    node->next = parent->child;
-    parent->child = node;
-    parent->refcount++;
-}
-
-/* Check to see if our parent directory already has a file with a name
- * that differs only by case.  If we find one, store it in the actual_name
- * field so node_get_path will map it to this file in the underlying storage.
- */
-static void node_find_actual_name(struct node *node)
-{
-    char *path, buffer[PATH_BUFFER_SIZE];
-    const char *node_name = node->name;
-    DIR* dir;
-    struct dirent* entry;
-
-    if (!node->parent) return;
-
-    path = node_get_path(node->parent, buffer, 0);
-    dir = opendir(path);
-    if (!dir) {
-        ERROR("opendir %s failed: %s", path, strerror(errno));
-        return;
-    }
-
-    while ((entry = readdir(dir))) {
-        const char *test_name = entry->d_name;
-        if (strcmp(test_name, node_name) && !strcasecmp(test_name, node_name)) {
-            /* we have a match - differs but only by case */
-            node->actual_name = strdup(test_name);
-            if (!node->actual_name) {
-                ERROR("strdup failed - out of memory\n");
-                exit(1);
-            }
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-    closedir(dir);
-}
-
-struct node *node_create(struct node *parent, const char *name, __u64 nid, __u64 gen)
+struct node *create_node_locked(struct fuse* fuse,
+        struct node *parent, const char *name, const char* actual_name)
 {
     struct node *node;
-    int namelen = strlen(name);
+    size_t namelen = strlen(name);
 
     node = calloc(1, sizeof(struct node));
-    if (node == 0) {
-        return 0;
+    if (!node) {
+        return NULL;
     }
     node->name = malloc(namelen + 1);
-    if (node->name == 0) {
+    if (!node->name) {
         free(node);
-        return 0;
+        return NULL;
     }
-
-    node->nid = nid;
-    node->gen = gen;
-    add_node_to_parent(node, parent);
     memcpy(node->name, name, namelen + 1);
+    if (strcmp(name, actual_name)) {
+        node->actual_name = malloc(namelen + 1);
+        if (!node->actual_name) {
+            free(node->name);
+            free(node);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        memcpy(node->actual_name, actual_name, namelen + 1);
+    }
     node->namelen = namelen;
-    node_find_actual_name(node);
+    node->nid = ptr_to_id(node);
+    node->gen = fuse->next_generation++;
+    acquire_node_locked(node);
+    add_node_to_parent_locked(node, parent);
     return node;
 }
 
-static char *rename_node(struct node *node, const char *name)
+static int rename_node_locked(struct node *node, const char *name,
+        const char* actual_name)
 {
-    node->namelen = strlen(name);
-    char *newname = realloc(node->name, node->namelen + 1);
-    if (newname == 0)
-        return 0;
-    node->name = newname;
-    memcpy(node->name, name, node->namelen + 1);
-    node_find_actual_name(node);
-    return node->name;
+    size_t namelen = strlen(name);
+    int need_actual_name = strcmp(name, actual_name);
+
+    /* make the storage bigger without actually changing the name
+     * in case an error occurs part way */
+    if (namelen > node->namelen) {
+        char* new_name = realloc(node->name, namelen + 1);
+        if (!new_name) {
+            return -ENOMEM;
+        }
+        node->name = new_name;
+        if (need_actual_name && node->actual_name) {
+            char* new_actual_name = realloc(node->actual_name, namelen + 1);
+            if (!new_actual_name) {
+                return -ENOMEM;
+            }
+            node->actual_name = new_actual_name;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* update the name, taking care to allocate storage before overwriting the old name */
+    if (need_actual_name) {
+        if (!node->actual_name) {
+            node->actual_name = malloc(namelen + 1);
+            if (!node->actual_name) {
+                return -ENOMEM;
+            }
+        }
+        memcpy(node->actual_name, actual_name, namelen + 1);
+    } else {
+        free(node->actual_name);
+        node->actual_name = NULL;
+    }
+    memcpy(node->name, name, namelen + 1);
+    node->namelen = namelen;
+    return 0;
 }
 
-void fuse_init(struct fuse *fuse, int fd, const char *path)
-{
-    fuse->fd = fd;
-    fuse->next_node_id = 2;
-    fuse->next_generation = 0;
-
-    fuse->all = &fuse->root;
-
-    memset(&fuse->root, 0, sizeof(fuse->root));
-    fuse->root.nid = FUSE_ROOT_ID; /* 1 */
-    fuse->root.refcount = 2;
-    rename_node(&fuse->root, path);
-}
-
-static inline void *id_to_ptr(__u64 nid)
-{
-    return (void *) nid;
-}
-
-static inline __u64 ptr_to_id(void *ptr)
-{
-    return (__u64) ptr;
-}
-
-
-struct node *lookup_by_inode(struct fuse *fuse, __u64 nid)
+static struct node *lookup_node_by_id_locked(struct fuse *fuse, __u64 nid)
 {
     if (nid == FUSE_ROOT_ID) {
         return &fuse->root;
@@ -352,9 +388,23 @@
     }
 }
 
-struct node *lookup_child_by_name(struct node *node, const char *name)
+static struct node* lookup_node_and_path_by_id_locked(struct fuse* fuse, __u64 nid,
+        char* buf, size_t bufsize)
+{
+    struct node* node = lookup_node_by_id_locked(fuse, nid);
+    if (node && get_node_path_locked(node, buf, bufsize) < 0) {
+        node = NULL;
+    }
+    return node;
+}
+
+static struct node *lookup_child_by_name_locked(struct node *node, const char *name)
 {
     for (node = node->child; node; node = node->next) {
+        /* use exact string comparison, nodes that differ by case
+         * must be considered distinct even if they refer to the same
+         * underlying file as otherwise operations such as "mv x x"
+         * will not work because the source and target nodes are the same. */
         if (!strcmp(name, node->name)) {
             return node;
         }
@@ -362,123 +412,43 @@
     return 0;
 }
 
-struct node *lookup_child_by_inode(struct node *node, __u64 nid)
+static struct node* acquire_or_create_child_locked(
+        struct fuse* fuse, struct node* parent,
+        const char* name, const char* actual_name)
 {
-    for (node = node->child; node; node = node->next) {
-        if (node->nid == nid) {
-            return node;
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static void dec_refcount(struct node *node) {
-    if (node->refcount > 0) {
-        node->refcount--;
-        TRACE("dec_refcount %p(%s) -> %d\n", node, node->name, node->refcount);
+    struct node* child = lookup_child_by_name_locked(parent, name);
+    if (child) {
+        acquire_node_locked(child);
     } else {
-        ERROR("Zero refcnt %p\n", node);
+        child = create_node_locked(fuse, parent, name, actual_name);
     }
- }
-
-static struct node *remove_child(struct node *parent, __u64 nid)
-{
-    struct node *prev = 0;
-    struct node *node;
-
-    for (node = parent->child; node; node = node->next) {
-        if (node->nid == nid) {
-            if (prev) {
-                prev->next = node->next;
-            } else {
-                parent->child = node->next;
-            }
-            node->next = 0;
-            node->parent = 0;
-            dec_refcount(parent);
-            return node;
-        }
-        prev = node;
-    }
-    return 0;
+    return child;
 }
 
-struct node *node_lookup(struct fuse *fuse, struct node *parent, const char *name,
-                         struct fuse_attr *attr)
+static void fuse_init(struct fuse *fuse, int fd, const char *path)
 {
-    int res;
-    struct stat s;
-    char *path, buffer[PATH_BUFFER_SIZE];
-    struct node *node;
+    pthread_mutex_init(&fuse->lock, NULL);
 
-    path = node_get_path(parent, buffer, name);
-        /* XXX error? */
+    fuse->fd = fd;
+    fuse->next_generation = 0;
 
-    res = lstat(path, &s);
-    if (res < 0)
-        return 0;
-    
-    node = lookup_child_by_name(parent, name);
-    if (!node) {
-        node = node_create(parent, name, fuse->next_node_id++, fuse->next_generation++);
-        if (!node)
-            return 0;
-        node->nid = ptr_to_id(node);
-        node->all = fuse->all;
-        fuse->all = node;
-    }
-
-    attr_from_stat(attr, &s);
-    attr->ino = node->nid;
-
-    return node;
+    memset(&fuse->root, 0, sizeof(fuse->root));
+    fuse->root.nid = FUSE_ROOT_ID; /* 1 */
+    fuse->root.refcount = 2;
+    fuse->root.namelen = strlen(path);
+    fuse->root.name = strdup(path);
 }
 
-void node_release(struct node *node)
-{
-    TRACE("RELEASE %p (%s) rc=%d\n", node, node->name, node->refcount);
-    dec_refcount(node);
-    if (node->refcount == 0) {
-        if (node->parent->child == node) {
-            node->parent->child = node->parent->child->next;
-        } else {
-            struct node *node2;
-
-            node2 = node->parent->child;
-            while (node2->next != node)
-                node2 = node2->next;
-            node2->next = node->next;            
-        }
-
-        TRACE("DESTROY %p (%s)\n", node, node->name);
-
-        node_release(node->parent);
-
-        node->parent = 0;
-        node->next = 0;
-
-            /* TODO: remove debugging - poison memory */
-        memset(node->name, 0xef, node->namelen);
-        free(node->name);
-        free(node->actual_name);
-        memset(node, 0xfc, sizeof(*node));
-        free(node);
-    }
-}
-
-void fuse_status(struct fuse *fuse, __u64 unique, int err)
+static void fuse_status(struct fuse *fuse, __u64 unique, int err)
 {
     struct fuse_out_header hdr;
     hdr.len = sizeof(hdr);
     hdr.error = err;
     hdr.unique = unique;
-    if (err) {
-//        ERROR("*** %d ***\n", err);
-    }
     write(fuse->fd, &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
 }
 
-void fuse_reply(struct fuse *fuse, __u64 unique, void *data, int len)
+static void fuse_reply(struct fuse *fuse, __u64 unique, void *data, int len)
 {
     struct fuse_out_header hdr;
     struct iovec vec[2];
@@ -499,481 +469,856 @@
     }
 }
 
-void lookup_entry(struct fuse *fuse, struct node *node,
-                  const char *name, __u64 unique)
+static int fuse_reply_entry(struct fuse* fuse, __u64 unique,
+        struct node* parent, const char* name, const char* actual_name,
+        const char* path)
 {
+    struct node* node;
     struct fuse_entry_out out;
-    
-    memset(&out, 0, sizeof(out));
+    struct stat s;
 
-    node = node_lookup(fuse, node, name, &out.attr);
-    if (!node) {
-        fuse_status(fuse, unique, -ENOENT);
-        return;
+    if (lstat(path, &s) < 0) {
+        return -errno;
     }
-    
-    node->refcount++;
-//    fprintf(stderr,"ACQUIRE %p (%s) rc=%d\n", node, node->name, node->refcount);
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&fuse->lock);
+    node = acquire_or_create_child_locked(fuse, parent, name, actual_name);
+    if (!node) {
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&fuse->lock);
+        return -ENOMEM;
+    }
+    memset(&out, 0, sizeof(out));
+    attr_from_stat(&out.attr, &s, node->nid);
+    out.attr_valid = 10;
+    out.entry_valid = 10;
     out.nodeid = node->nid;
     out.generation = node->gen;
-    out.entry_valid = 10;
-    out.attr_valid = 10;
-    
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&fuse->lock);
     fuse_reply(fuse, unique, &out, sizeof(out));
+    return NO_STATUS;
 }
 
-void handle_fuse_request(struct fuse *fuse, struct fuse_in_header *hdr, void *data, unsigned len)
+static int fuse_reply_attr(struct fuse* fuse, __u64 unique, __u64 nid,
+        const char* path)
 {
-    struct node *node;
+    struct fuse_attr_out out;
+    struct stat s;
 
-    if ((len < sizeof(*hdr)) || (hdr->len != len)) {
-        ERROR("malformed header\n");
-        return;
+    if (lstat(path, &s) < 0) {
+        return -errno;
     }
+    memset(&out, 0, sizeof(out));
+    attr_from_stat(&out.attr, &s, nid);
+    out.attr_valid = 10;
+    fuse_reply(fuse, unique, &out, sizeof(out));
+    return NO_STATUS;
+}
 
-    len -= hdr->len;
+static int handle_lookup(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header *hdr, const char* name)
+{
+    struct node* parent_node;
+    char parent_path[PATH_MAX];
+    char child_path[PATH_MAX];
+    const char* actual_name;
 
-    if (hdr->nodeid) {
-        node = lookup_by_inode(fuse, hdr->nodeid);
-        if (!node) {
-            fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, -ENOENT);
-            return;
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&fuse->lock);
+    parent_node = lookup_node_and_path_by_id_locked(fuse, hdr->nodeid,
+            parent_path, sizeof(parent_path));
+    TRACE("[%d] LOOKUP %s @ %llx (%s)\n", handler->token, name, hdr->nodeid,
+        parent_node ? parent_node->name : "?");
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&fuse->lock);
+
+    if (!parent_node || !(actual_name = find_file_within(parent_path, name,
+            child_path, sizeof(child_path), 1))) {
+        return -ENOENT;
+    }
+    return fuse_reply_entry(fuse, hdr->unique, parent_node, name, actual_name, child_path);
+}
+
+static int handle_forget(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header *hdr, const struct fuse_forget_in *req)
+{
+    struct node* node;
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&fuse->lock);
+    node = lookup_node_by_id_locked(fuse, hdr->nodeid);
+    TRACE("[%d] FORGET #%lld @ %llx (%s)\n", handler->token, req->nlookup,
+            hdr->nodeid, node ? node->name : "?");
+    if (node) {
+        __u64 n = req->nlookup;
+        while (n--) {
+            release_node_locked(node);
         }
-    } else {
-        node = 0;
+    }
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&fuse->lock);
+    return NO_STATUS; /* no reply */
+}
+
+static int handle_getattr(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header *hdr, const struct fuse_getattr_in *req)
+{
+    struct node* node;
+    char path[PATH_MAX];
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&fuse->lock);
+    node = lookup_node_and_path_by_id_locked(fuse, hdr->nodeid, path, sizeof(path));
+    TRACE("[%d] GETATTR flags=%x fh=%llx @ %llx (%s)\n", handler->token,
+            req->getattr_flags, req->fh, hdr->nodeid, node ? node->name : "?");
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&fuse->lock);
+
+    if (!node) {
+        return -ENOENT;
+    }
+    return fuse_reply_attr(fuse, hdr->unique, hdr->nodeid, path);
+}
+
+static int handle_setattr(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header *hdr, const struct fuse_setattr_in *req)
+{
+    struct node* node;
+    char path[PATH_MAX];
+    struct timespec times[2];
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&fuse->lock);
+    node = lookup_node_and_path_by_id_locked(fuse, hdr->nodeid, path, sizeof(path));
+    TRACE("[%d] SETATTR fh=%llx valid=%x @ %llx (%s)\n", handler->token,
+            req->fh, req->valid, hdr->nodeid, node ? node->name : "?");
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&fuse->lock);
+
+    if (!node) {
+        return -ENOENT;
     }
 
+    /* XXX: incomplete implementation on purpose.
+     * chmod/chown should NEVER be implemented.*/
+
+    if ((req->valid & FATTR_SIZE) && truncate(path, req->size) < 0) {
+        return -errno;
+    }
+
+    /* Handle changing atime and mtime.  If FATTR_ATIME_and FATTR_ATIME_NOW
+     * are both set, then set it to the current time.  Else, set it to the
+     * time specified in the request.  Same goes for mtime.  Use utimensat(2)
+     * as it allows ATIME and MTIME to be changed independently, and has
+     * nanosecond resolution which fuse also has.
+     */
+    if (req->valid & (FATTR_ATIME | FATTR_MTIME)) {
+        times[0].tv_nsec = UTIME_OMIT;
+        times[1].tv_nsec = UTIME_OMIT;
+        if (req->valid & FATTR_ATIME) {
+            if (req->valid & FATTR_ATIME_NOW) {
+              times[0].tv_nsec = UTIME_NOW;
+            } else {
+              times[0].tv_sec = req->atime;
+              times[0].tv_nsec = req->atimensec;
+            }
+        }
+        if (req->valid & FATTR_MTIME) {
+            if (req->valid & FATTR_MTIME_NOW) {
+              times[1].tv_nsec = UTIME_NOW;
+            } else {
+              times[1].tv_sec = req->mtime;
+              times[1].tv_nsec = req->mtimensec;
+            }
+        }
+        TRACE("[%d] Calling utimensat on %s with atime %ld, mtime=%ld\n",
+                handler->token, path, times[0].tv_sec, times[1].tv_sec);
+        if (utimensat(-1, path, times, 0) < 0) {
+            return -errno;
+        }
+    }
+    return fuse_reply_attr(fuse, hdr->unique, hdr->nodeid, path);
+}
+
+static int handle_mknod(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header* hdr, const struct fuse_mknod_in* req, const char* name)
+{
+    struct node* parent_node;
+    char parent_path[PATH_MAX];
+    char child_path[PATH_MAX];
+    const char* actual_name;
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&fuse->lock);
+    parent_node = lookup_node_and_path_by_id_locked(fuse, hdr->nodeid,
+            parent_path, sizeof(parent_path));
+    TRACE("[%d] MKNOD %s 0%o @ %llx (%s)\n", handler->token,
+            name, req->mode, hdr->nodeid, parent_node ? parent_node->name : "?");
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&fuse->lock);
+
+    if (!parent_node || !(actual_name = find_file_within(parent_path, name,
+            child_path, sizeof(child_path), 1))) {
+        return -ENOENT;
+    }
+    __u32 mode = (req->mode & (~0777)) | 0664;
+    if (mknod(child_path, mode, req->rdev) < 0) {
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    return fuse_reply_entry(fuse, hdr->unique, parent_node, name, actual_name, child_path);
+}
+
+static int handle_mkdir(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header* hdr, const struct fuse_mkdir_in* req, const char* name)
+{
+    struct node* parent_node;
+    char parent_path[PATH_MAX];
+    char child_path[PATH_MAX];
+    const char* actual_name;
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&fuse->lock);
+    parent_node = lookup_node_and_path_by_id_locked(fuse, hdr->nodeid,
+            parent_path, sizeof(parent_path));
+    TRACE("[%d] MKDIR %s 0%o @ %llx (%s)\n", handler->token,
+            name, req->mode, hdr->nodeid, parent_node ? parent_node->name : "?");
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&fuse->lock);
+
+    if (!parent_node || !(actual_name = find_file_within(parent_path, name,
+            child_path, sizeof(child_path), 1))) {
+        return -ENOENT;
+    }
+    __u32 mode = (req->mode & (~0777)) | 0775;
+    if (mkdir(child_path, mode) < 0) {
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    return fuse_reply_entry(fuse, hdr->unique, parent_node, name, actual_name, child_path);
+}
+
+static int handle_unlink(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header* hdr, const char* name)
+{
+    struct node* parent_node;
+    char parent_path[PATH_MAX];
+    char child_path[PATH_MAX];
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&fuse->lock);
+    parent_node = lookup_node_and_path_by_id_locked(fuse, hdr->nodeid,
+            parent_path, sizeof(parent_path));
+    TRACE("[%d] UNLINK %s @ %llx (%s)\n", handler->token,
+            name, hdr->nodeid, parent_node ? parent_node->name : "?");
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&fuse->lock);
+
+    if (!parent_node || !find_file_within(parent_path, name,
+            child_path, sizeof(child_path), 1)) {
+        return -ENOENT;
+    }
+    if (unlink(child_path) < 0) {
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_rmdir(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header* hdr, const char* name)
+{
+    struct node* parent_node;
+    char parent_path[PATH_MAX];
+    char child_path[PATH_MAX];
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&fuse->lock);
+    parent_node = lookup_node_and_path_by_id_locked(fuse, hdr->nodeid,
+            parent_path, sizeof(parent_path));
+    TRACE("[%d] RMDIR %s @ %llx (%s)\n", handler->token,
+            name, hdr->nodeid, parent_node ? parent_node->name : "?");
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&fuse->lock);
+
+    if (!parent_node || !find_file_within(parent_path, name,
+            child_path, sizeof(child_path), 1)) {
+        return -ENOENT;
+    }
+    if (rmdir(child_path) < 0) {
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_rename(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header* hdr, const struct fuse_rename_in* req,
+        const char* old_name, const char* new_name)
+{
+    struct node* old_parent_node;
+    struct node* new_parent_node;
+    struct node* child_node;
+    char old_parent_path[PATH_MAX];
+    char new_parent_path[PATH_MAX];
+    char old_child_path[PATH_MAX];
+    char new_child_path[PATH_MAX];
+    const char* new_actual_name;
+    int res;
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&fuse->lock);
+    old_parent_node = lookup_node_and_path_by_id_locked(fuse, hdr->nodeid,
+            old_parent_path, sizeof(old_parent_path));
+    new_parent_node = lookup_node_and_path_by_id_locked(fuse, req->newdir,
+            new_parent_path, sizeof(new_parent_path));
+    TRACE("[%d] RENAME %s->%s @ %llx (%s) -> %llx (%s)\n", handler->token,
+            old_name, new_name,
+            hdr->nodeid, old_parent_node ? old_parent_node->name : "?",
+            req->newdir, new_parent_node ? new_parent_node->name : "?");
+    if (!old_parent_node || !new_parent_node) {
+        res = -ENOENT;
+        goto lookup_error;
+    }
+    child_node = lookup_child_by_name_locked(old_parent_node, old_name);
+    if (!child_node || get_node_path_locked(child_node,
+            old_child_path, sizeof(old_child_path)) < 0) {
+        res = -ENOENT;
+        goto lookup_error;
+    }
+    acquire_node_locked(child_node);
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&fuse->lock);
+
+    /* Special case for renaming a file where destination is same path
+     * differing only by case.  In this case we don't want to look for a case
+     * insensitive match.  This allows commands like "mv foo FOO" to work as expected.
+     */
+    int search = old_parent_node != new_parent_node
+            || strcasecmp(old_name, new_name);
+    if (!(new_actual_name = find_file_within(new_parent_path, new_name,
+            new_child_path, sizeof(new_child_path), search))) {
+        res = -ENOENT;
+        goto io_error;
+    }
+
+    TRACE("[%d] RENAME %s->%s\n", handler->token, old_child_path, new_child_path);
+    res = rename(old_child_path, new_child_path);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        res = -errno;
+        goto io_error;
+    }
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&fuse->lock);
+    res = rename_node_locked(child_node, new_name, new_actual_name);
+    if (!res) {
+        remove_node_from_parent_locked(child_node);
+        add_node_to_parent_locked(child_node, new_parent_node);
+    }
+    goto done;
+
+io_error:
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&fuse->lock);
+done:
+    release_node_locked(child_node);
+lookup_error:
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&fuse->lock);
+    return res;
+}
+
+static int handle_open(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header* hdr, const struct fuse_open_in* req)
+{
+    struct node* node;
+    char path[PATH_MAX];
+    struct fuse_open_out out;
+    struct handle *h;
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&fuse->lock);
+    node = lookup_node_and_path_by_id_locked(fuse, hdr->nodeid, path, sizeof(path));
+    TRACE("[%d] OPEN 0%o @ %llx (%s)\n", handler->token,
+            req->flags, hdr->nodeid, node ? node->name : "?");
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&fuse->lock);
+
+    if (!node) {
+        return -ENOENT;
+    }
+    h = malloc(sizeof(*h));
+    if (!h) {
+        return -ENOMEM;
+    }
+    TRACE("[%d] OPEN %s\n", handler->token, path);
+    h->fd = open(path, req->flags);
+    if (h->fd < 0) {
+        free(h);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    out.fh = ptr_to_id(h);
+    out.open_flags = 0;
+    out.padding = 0;
+    fuse_reply(fuse, hdr->unique, &out, sizeof(out));
+    return NO_STATUS;
+}
+
+static int handle_read(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header* hdr, const struct fuse_read_in* req)
+{
+    struct handle *h = id_to_ptr(req->fh);
+    __u64 unique = hdr->unique;
+    __u32 size = req->size;
+    __u64 offset = req->offset;
+    int res;
+
+    /* Don't access any other fields of hdr or req beyond this point, the read buffer
+     * overlaps the request buffer and will clobber data in the request.  This
+     * saves us 128KB per request handler thread at the cost of this scary comment. */
+
+    TRACE("[%d] READ %p(%d) %u@%llu\n", handler->token,
+            h, h->fd, size, offset);
+    if (size > sizeof(handler->read_buffer)) {
+        return -EINVAL;
+    }
+    res = pread64(h->fd, handler->read_buffer, size, offset);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    fuse_reply(fuse, unique, handler->read_buffer, res);
+    return NO_STATUS;
+}
+
+static int handle_write(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header* hdr, const struct fuse_write_in* req,
+        const void* buffer)
+{
+    struct fuse_write_out out;
+    struct handle *h = id_to_ptr(req->fh);
+    int res;
+
+    TRACE("[%d] WRITE %p(%d) %u@%llu\n", handler->token,
+            h, h->fd, req->size, req->offset);
+    res = pwrite64(h->fd, buffer, req->size, req->offset);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    out.size = res;
+    fuse_reply(fuse, hdr->unique, &out, sizeof(out));
+    return NO_STATUS;
+}
+
+static int handle_statfs(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header* hdr)
+{
+    char path[PATH_MAX];
+    struct statfs stat;
+    struct fuse_statfs_out out;
+    int res;
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&fuse->lock);
+    TRACE("[%d] STATFS\n", handler->token);
+    res = get_node_path_locked(&fuse->root, path, sizeof(path));
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&fuse->lock);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        return -ENOENT;
+    }
+    if (statfs(fuse->root.name, &stat) < 0) {
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    memset(&out, 0, sizeof(out));
+    out.st.blocks = stat.f_blocks;
+    out.st.bfree = stat.f_bfree;
+    out.st.bavail = stat.f_bavail;
+    out.st.files = stat.f_files;
+    out.st.ffree = stat.f_ffree;
+    out.st.bsize = stat.f_bsize;
+    out.st.namelen = stat.f_namelen;
+    out.st.frsize = stat.f_frsize;
+    fuse_reply(fuse, hdr->unique, &out, sizeof(out));
+    return NO_STATUS;
+}
+
+static int handle_release(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header* hdr, const struct fuse_release_in* req)
+{
+    struct handle *h = id_to_ptr(req->fh);
+
+    TRACE("[%d] RELEASE %p(%d)\n", handler->token, h, h->fd);
+    close(h->fd);
+    free(h);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_fsync(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header* hdr, const struct fuse_fsync_in* req)
+{
+    int is_data_sync = req->fsync_flags & 1;
+    struct handle *h = id_to_ptr(req->fh);
+    int res;
+
+    TRACE("[%d] FSYNC %p(%d) is_data_sync=%d\n", handler->token,
+            h, h->fd, is_data_sync);
+    res = is_data_sync ? fdatasync(h->fd) : fsync(h->fd);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_flush(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header* hdr)
+{
+    TRACE("[%d] FLUSH\n", handler->token);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_opendir(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header* hdr, const struct fuse_open_in* req)
+{
+    struct node* node;
+    char path[PATH_MAX];
+    struct fuse_open_out out;
+    struct dirhandle *h;
+
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&fuse->lock);
+    node = lookup_node_and_path_by_id_locked(fuse, hdr->nodeid, path, sizeof(path));
+    TRACE("[%d] OPENDIR @ %llx (%s)\n", handler->token,
+            hdr->nodeid, node ? node->name : "?");
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&fuse->lock);
+
+    if (!node) {
+        return -ENOENT;
+    }
+    h = malloc(sizeof(*h));
+    if (!h) {
+        return -ENOMEM;
+    }
+    TRACE("[%d] OPENDIR %s\n", handler->token, path);
+    h->d = opendir(path);
+    if (!h->d) {
+        free(h);
+        return -errno;
+    }
+    out.fh = ptr_to_id(h);
+    fuse_reply(fuse, hdr->unique, &out, sizeof(out));
+    return NO_STATUS;
+}
+
+static int handle_readdir(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header* hdr, const struct fuse_read_in* req)
+{
+    char buffer[8192];
+    struct fuse_dirent *fde = (struct fuse_dirent*) buffer;
+    struct dirent *de;
+    struct dirhandle *h = id_to_ptr(req->fh);
+
+    TRACE("[%d] READDIR %p\n", handler->token, h);
+    if (req->offset == 0) {
+        /* rewinddir() might have been called above us, so rewind here too */
+        TRACE("[%d] calling rewinddir()\n", handler->token);
+        rewinddir(h->d);
+    }
+    de = readdir(h->d);
+    if (!de) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    fde->ino = FUSE_UNKNOWN_INO;
+    /* increment the offset so we can detect when rewinddir() seeks back to the beginning */
+    fde->off = req->offset + 1;
+    fde->type = de->d_type;
+    fde->namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
+    memcpy(fde->name, de->d_name, fde->namelen + 1);
+    fuse_reply(fuse, hdr->unique, fde,
+            FUSE_DIRENT_ALIGN(sizeof(struct fuse_dirent) + fde->namelen));
+    return NO_STATUS;
+}
+
+static int handle_releasedir(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header* hdr, const struct fuse_release_in* req)
+{
+    struct dirhandle *h = id_to_ptr(req->fh);
+
+    TRACE("[%d] RELEASEDIR %p\n", handler->token, h);
+    closedir(h->d);
+    free(h);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int handle_init(struct fuse* fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header* hdr, const struct fuse_init_in* req)
+{
+    struct fuse_init_out out;
+
+    TRACE("[%d] INIT ver=%d.%d maxread=%d flags=%x\n",
+            handler->token, req->major, req->minor, req->max_readahead, req->flags);
+    out.major = FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION;
+    out.minor = FUSE_KERNEL_MINOR_VERSION;
+    out.max_readahead = req->max_readahead;
+    out.flags = FUSE_ATOMIC_O_TRUNC | FUSE_BIG_WRITES;
+    out.max_background = 32;
+    out.congestion_threshold = 32;
+    out.max_write = MAX_WRITE;
+    fuse_reply(fuse, hdr->unique, &out, sizeof(out));
+    return NO_STATUS;
+}
+
+static int handle_fuse_request(struct fuse *fuse, struct fuse_handler* handler,
+        const struct fuse_in_header *hdr, const void *data, size_t data_len)
+{
     switch (hdr->opcode) {
     case FUSE_LOOKUP: { /* bytez[] -> entry_out */
-        TRACE("LOOKUP %llx %s\n", hdr->nodeid, (char*) data);
-        lookup_entry(fuse, node, (char*) data, hdr->unique);
-        return;
+        const char* name = data;
+        return handle_lookup(fuse, handler, hdr, name);
     }
+
     case FUSE_FORGET: {
-        struct fuse_forget_in *req = data;
-        TRACE("FORGET %llx (%s) #%lld\n", hdr->nodeid, node->name, req->nlookup);
-            /* no reply */
-        while (req->nlookup--)
-            node_release(node);
-        return;
+        const struct fuse_forget_in *req = data;
+        return handle_forget(fuse, handler, hdr, req);
     }
+
     case FUSE_GETATTR: { /* getattr_in -> attr_out */
-        struct fuse_getattr_in *req = data;
-        struct fuse_attr_out out;
-
-        TRACE("GETATTR flags=%x fh=%llx\n", req->getattr_flags, req->fh);
-
-        memset(&out, 0, sizeof(out));
-        node_get_attr(node, &out.attr);
-        out.attr_valid = 10;
-
-        fuse_reply(fuse, hdr->unique, &out, sizeof(out));
-        return;
+        const struct fuse_getattr_in *req = data;
+        return handle_getattr(fuse, handler, hdr, req);
     }
+
     case FUSE_SETATTR: { /* setattr_in -> attr_out */
-        struct fuse_setattr_in *req = data;
-        struct fuse_attr_out out;
-        char *path, buffer[PATH_BUFFER_SIZE];
-        int res = 0;
-        struct timespec times[2];
-
-        TRACE("SETATTR fh=%llx id=%llx valid=%x\n",
-              req->fh, hdr->nodeid, req->valid);
-
-        /* XXX: incomplete implementation on purpose.   chmod/chown
-         * should NEVER be implemented.*/
-
-        path = node_get_path(node, buffer, 0);
-        if (req->valid & FATTR_SIZE)
-            res = truncate(path, req->size);
-        if (res)
-            goto getout;
-
-        /* Handle changing atime and mtime.  If FATTR_ATIME_and FATTR_ATIME_NOW
-         * are both set, then set it to the current time.  Else, set it to the
-         * time specified in the request.  Same goes for mtime.  Use utimensat(2)
-         * as it allows ATIME and MTIME to be changed independently, and has
-         * nanosecond resolution which fuse also has.
-         */
-        if (req->valid & (FATTR_ATIME | FATTR_MTIME)) {
-            times[0].tv_nsec = UTIME_OMIT;
-            times[1].tv_nsec = UTIME_OMIT;
-            if (req->valid & FATTR_ATIME) {
-                if (req->valid & FATTR_ATIME_NOW) {
-                  times[0].tv_nsec = UTIME_NOW;
-                } else {
-                  times[0].tv_sec = req->atime;
-                  times[0].tv_nsec = req->atimensec;
-                }
-            }
-            if (req->valid & FATTR_MTIME) {
-                if (req->valid & FATTR_MTIME_NOW) {
-                  times[1].tv_nsec = UTIME_NOW;
-                } else {
-                  times[1].tv_sec = req->mtime;
-                  times[1].tv_nsec = req->mtimensec;
-                }
-            }
-            TRACE("Calling utimensat on %s with atime %ld, mtime=%ld\n", path, times[0].tv_sec, times[1].tv_sec);
-            res = utimensat(-1, path, times, 0);
-        }
-
-        getout:
-        memset(&out, 0, sizeof(out));
-        node_get_attr(node, &out.attr);
-        out.attr_valid = 10;
-
-        if (res)
-            fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, -errno);
-        else
-            fuse_reply(fuse, hdr->unique, &out, sizeof(out));
-        return;
+        const struct fuse_setattr_in *req = data;
+        return handle_setattr(fuse, handler, hdr, req);
     }
+
 //    case FUSE_READLINK:
 //    case FUSE_SYMLINK:
     case FUSE_MKNOD: { /* mknod_in, bytez[] -> entry_out */
-        struct fuse_mknod_in *req = data;
-        char *path, buffer[PATH_BUFFER_SIZE];
-        char *name = ((char*) data) + sizeof(*req);
-        int res;
-
-        TRACE("MKNOD %s @ %llx\n", name, hdr->nodeid);
-        path = node_get_path(node, buffer, name);
-
-        req->mode = (req->mode & (~0777)) | 0664;
-        res = mknod(path, req->mode, req->rdev); /* XXX perm?*/
-        if (res < 0) {
-            fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, -errno);
-        } else {
-            lookup_entry(fuse, node, name, hdr->unique);
-        }
-        return;
+        const struct fuse_mknod_in *req = data;
+        const char *name = ((const char*) data) + sizeof(*req);
+        return handle_mknod(fuse, handler, hdr, req, name);
     }
+
     case FUSE_MKDIR: { /* mkdir_in, bytez[] -> entry_out */
-        struct fuse_mkdir_in *req = data;
-        struct fuse_entry_out out;
-        char *path, buffer[PATH_BUFFER_SIZE];
-        char *name = ((char*) data) + sizeof(*req);
-        int res;
-
-        TRACE("MKDIR %s @ %llx 0%o\n", name, hdr->nodeid, req->mode);
-        path = node_get_path(node, buffer, name);
-
-        req->mode = (req->mode & (~0777)) | 0775;
-        res = mkdir(path, req->mode);
-        if (res < 0) {
-            fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, -errno);
-        } else {
-            lookup_entry(fuse, node, name, hdr->unique);
-        }
-        return;
+        const struct fuse_mkdir_in *req = data;
+        const char *name = ((const char*) data) + sizeof(*req);
+        return handle_mkdir(fuse, handler, hdr, req, name);
     }
+
     case FUSE_UNLINK: { /* bytez[] -> */
-        char *path, buffer[PATH_BUFFER_SIZE];
-        int res;
-        TRACE("UNLINK %s @ %llx\n", (char*) data, hdr->nodeid);
-        path = node_get_path(node, buffer, (char*) data);
-        res = unlink(path);
-        fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, res ? -errno : 0);
-        return;
+        const char* name = data;
+        return handle_unlink(fuse, handler, hdr, name);
     }
+
     case FUSE_RMDIR: { /* bytez[] -> */
-        char *path, buffer[PATH_BUFFER_SIZE];
-        int res;
-        TRACE("RMDIR %s @ %llx\n", (char*) data, hdr->nodeid);
-        path = node_get_path(node, buffer, (char*) data);
-        res = rmdir(path);
-        fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, res ? -errno : 0);
-        return;
+        const char* name = data;
+        return handle_rmdir(fuse, handler, hdr, name);
     }
+
     case FUSE_RENAME: { /* rename_in, oldname, newname ->  */
-        struct fuse_rename_in *req = data;
-        char *oldname = ((char*) data) + sizeof(*req);
-        char *newname = oldname + strlen(oldname) + 1;
-        char *oldpath, oldbuffer[PATH_BUFFER_SIZE];
-        char *newpath, newbuffer[PATH_BUFFER_SIZE];
-        struct node *target;
-        struct node *newparent;
-        int res;
-
-        TRACE("RENAME %s->%s @ %llx\n", oldname, newname, hdr->nodeid);
-
-        target = lookup_child_by_name(node, oldname);
-        if (!target) {
-            fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, -ENOENT);
-            return;
-        }
-        oldpath = node_get_path(node, oldbuffer, oldname);
-
-        newparent = lookup_by_inode(fuse, req->newdir);
-        if (!newparent) {
-            fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, -ENOENT);
-            return;
-        }
-        if (newparent == node) {
-            /* Special case for renaming a file where destination
-             * is same path differing only by case.
-             * In this case we don't want to look for a case insensitive match.
-             * This allows commands like "mv foo FOO" to work as expected.
-             */
-            newpath = do_node_get_path(newparent, newbuffer, newname, NO_CASE_SENSITIVE_MATCH);
-        } else {
-            newpath = node_get_path(newparent, newbuffer, newname);
-        }
-
-        if (!remove_child(node, target->nid)) {
-            ERROR("RENAME remove_child not found");
-            fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, -ENOENT);
-            return;
-        }
-        if (!rename_node(target, newname)) {
-            fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, -ENOMEM);
-            return;
-        }
-        add_node_to_parent(target, newparent);
-
-        res = rename(oldpath, newpath);
-        TRACE("RENAME result %d\n", res);
-
-        fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, res ? -errno : 0);
-        return;
+        const struct fuse_rename_in *req = data;
+        const char *old_name = ((const char*) data) + sizeof(*req);
+        const char *new_name = old_name + strlen(old_name) + 1;
+        return handle_rename(fuse, handler, hdr, req, old_name, new_name);
     }
-//    case FUSE_LINK:        
+
+//    case FUSE_LINK:
     case FUSE_OPEN: { /* open_in -> open_out */
-        struct fuse_open_in *req = data;
-        struct fuse_open_out out;
-        char *path, buffer[PATH_BUFFER_SIZE];
-        struct handle *h;
-
-        h = malloc(sizeof(*h));
-        if (!h) {
-            fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, -ENOMEM);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        path = node_get_path(node, buffer, 0);
-        TRACE("OPEN %llx '%s' 0%o fh=%p\n", hdr->nodeid, path, req->flags, h);
-        h->fd = open(path, req->flags);
-        if (h->fd < 0) {
-            ERROR("ERROR\n");
-            fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, -errno);
-            free(h);
-            return;
-        }
-        out.fh = ptr_to_id(h);
-        out.open_flags = 0;
-        out.padding = 0;
-        fuse_reply(fuse, hdr->unique, &out, sizeof(out));
-        return;
+        const struct fuse_open_in *req = data;
+        return handle_open(fuse, handler, hdr, req);
     }
+
     case FUSE_READ: { /* read_in -> byte[] */
-        char buffer[128 * 1024];
-        struct fuse_read_in *req = data;
-        struct handle *h = id_to_ptr(req->fh);
-        int res;
-        TRACE("READ %p(%d) %u@%llu\n", h, h->fd, req->size, req->offset);
-        if (req->size > sizeof(buffer)) {
-            fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, -EINVAL);
-            return;
-        }
-        res = pread64(h->fd, buffer, req->size, req->offset);
-        if (res < 0) {
-            fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, -errno);
-            return;
-        }
-        fuse_reply(fuse, hdr->unique, buffer, res);
-        return;
+        const struct fuse_read_in *req = data;
+        return handle_read(fuse, handler, hdr, req);
     }
+
     case FUSE_WRITE: { /* write_in, byte[write_in.size] -> write_out */
-        struct fuse_write_in *req = data;
-        struct fuse_write_out out;
-        struct handle *h = id_to_ptr(req->fh);
-        int res;
-        TRACE("WRITE %p(%d) %u@%llu\n", h, h->fd, req->size, req->offset);
-        res = pwrite64(h->fd, ((char*) data) + sizeof(*req), req->size, req->offset);
-        if (res < 0) {
-            fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, -errno);
-            return;
-        }
-        out.size = res;
-        fuse_reply(fuse, hdr->unique, &out, sizeof(out));
-        goto oops;
+        const struct fuse_write_in *req = data;
+        const void* buffer = (const __u8*)data + sizeof(*req);
+        return handle_write(fuse, handler, hdr, req, buffer);
     }
+
     case FUSE_STATFS: { /* getattr_in -> attr_out */
-        struct statfs stat;
-        struct fuse_statfs_out out;
-        int res;
-
-        TRACE("STATFS\n");
-
-        if (statfs(fuse->root.name, &stat)) {
-            fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, -errno);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        memset(&out, 0, sizeof(out));
-        out.st.blocks = stat.f_blocks;
-        out.st.bfree = stat.f_bfree;
-        out.st.bavail = stat.f_bavail;
-        out.st.files = stat.f_files;
-        out.st.ffree = stat.f_ffree;
-        out.st.bsize = stat.f_bsize;
-        out.st.namelen = stat.f_namelen;
-        out.st.frsize = stat.f_frsize;
-        fuse_reply(fuse, hdr->unique, &out, sizeof(out));
-        return;
+        return handle_statfs(fuse, handler, hdr);
     }
+
     case FUSE_RELEASE: { /* release_in -> */
-        struct fuse_release_in *req = data;
-        struct handle *h = id_to_ptr(req->fh);
-        TRACE("RELEASE %p(%d)\n", h, h->fd);
-        close(h->fd);
-        free(h);
-        fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, 0);
-        return;
+        const struct fuse_release_in *req = data;
+        return handle_release(fuse, handler, hdr, req);
     }
-//    case FUSE_FSYNC:
+
+    case FUSE_FSYNC: {
+        const struct fuse_fsync_in *req = data;
+        return handle_fsync(fuse, handler, hdr, req);
+    }
+
 //    case FUSE_SETXATTR:
 //    case FUSE_GETXATTR:
 //    case FUSE_LISTXATTR:
 //    case FUSE_REMOVEXATTR:
-    case FUSE_FLUSH:
-        fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, 0);
-        return;
+    case FUSE_FLUSH: {
+        return handle_flush(fuse, handler, hdr);
+    }
+
     case FUSE_OPENDIR: { /* open_in -> open_out */
-        struct fuse_open_in *req = data;
-        struct fuse_open_out out;
-        char *path, buffer[PATH_BUFFER_SIZE];
-        struct dirhandle *h;
-
-        h = malloc(sizeof(*h));
-        if (!h) {
-            fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, -ENOMEM);
-            return;
-        }
-
-        path = node_get_path(node, buffer, 0);
-        TRACE("OPENDIR %llx '%s'\n", hdr->nodeid, path);
-        h->d = opendir(path);
-        if (h->d == 0) {
-            ERROR("ERROR\n");
-            fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, -errno);
-            free(h);
-            return;
-        }
-        out.fh = ptr_to_id(h);
-        fuse_reply(fuse, hdr->unique, &out, sizeof(out));
-        return;
+        const struct fuse_open_in *req = data;
+        return handle_opendir(fuse, handler, hdr, req);
     }
+
     case FUSE_READDIR: {
-        struct fuse_read_in *req = data;
-        char buffer[8192];
-        struct fuse_dirent *fde = (struct fuse_dirent*) buffer;
-        struct dirent *de;
-        struct dirhandle *h = id_to_ptr(req->fh);
-        TRACE("READDIR %p\n", h);
-        if (req->offset == 0) {
-            /* rewinddir() might have been called above us, so rewind here too */
-            TRACE("calling rewinddir()\n");
-            rewinddir(h->d);
-        }
-        de = readdir(h->d);
-        if (!de) {
-            fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, 0);
-            return;
-        }
-        fde->ino = FUSE_UNKNOWN_INO;
-        /* increment the offset so we can detect when rewinddir() seeks back to the beginning */
-        fde->off = req->offset + 1;
-        fde->type = de->d_type;
-        fde->namelen = strlen(de->d_name);
-        memcpy(fde->name, de->d_name, fde->namelen + 1);
-        fuse_reply(fuse, hdr->unique, fde,
-                   FUSE_DIRENT_ALIGN(sizeof(struct fuse_dirent) + fde->namelen));
-        return;
+        const struct fuse_read_in *req = data;
+        return handle_readdir(fuse, handler, hdr, req);
     }
+
     case FUSE_RELEASEDIR: { /* release_in -> */
-        struct fuse_release_in *req = data;
-        struct dirhandle *h = id_to_ptr(req->fh);
-        TRACE("RELEASEDIR %p\n",h);
-        closedir(h->d);
-        free(h);
-        fuse_status(fuse, hdr->unique, 0);
-        return;
+        const struct fuse_release_in *req = data;
+        return handle_releasedir(fuse, handler, hdr, req);
     }
+
 //    case FUSE_FSYNCDIR:
     case FUSE_INIT: { /* init_in -> init_out */
-        struct fuse_init_in *req = data;
-        struct fuse_init_out out;
-        
-        TRACE("INIT ver=%d.%d maxread=%d flags=%x\n",
-                req->major, req->minor, req->max_readahead, req->flags);
-
-        out.major = FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION;
-        out.minor = FUSE_KERNEL_MINOR_VERSION;
-        out.max_readahead = req->max_readahead;
-        out.flags = FUSE_ATOMIC_O_TRUNC | FUSE_BIG_WRITES;
-        out.max_background = 32;
-        out.congestion_threshold = 32;
-        out.max_write = 256 * 1024;
-
-        fuse_reply(fuse, hdr->unique, &out, sizeof(out));
-        return;
+        const struct fuse_init_in *req = data;
+        return handle_init(fuse, handler, hdr, req);
     }
+
     default: {
-        struct fuse_out_header h;
-        ERROR("NOTIMPL op=%d uniq=%llx nid=%llx\n",
-                hdr->opcode, hdr->unique, hdr->nodeid);
-
-        oops:
-        h.len = sizeof(h);
-        h.error = -ENOSYS;
-        h.unique = hdr->unique;
-        write(fuse->fd, &h, sizeof(h));
-        break;
+        TRACE("[%d] NOTIMPL op=%d uniq=%llx nid=%llx\n",
+                handler->token, hdr->opcode, hdr->unique, hdr->nodeid);
+        return -ENOSYS;
     }
-    }   
+    }
 }
 
-void handle_fuse_requests(struct fuse *fuse)
+static void handle_fuse_requests(struct fuse_handler* handler)
 {
-    unsigned char req[256 * 1024 + 128];
-    int len;
-    
+    struct fuse* fuse = handler->fuse;
     for (;;) {
-        len = read(fuse->fd, req, sizeof(req));
+        ssize_t len = read(fuse->fd,
+                handler->request_buffer, sizeof(handler->request_buffer));
         if (len < 0) {
-            if (errno == EINTR)
-                continue;
-            ERROR("handle_fuse_requests: errno=%d\n", errno);
-            return;
+            if (errno != EINTR) {
+                ERROR("[%d] handle_fuse_requests: errno=%d\n", handler->token, errno);
+            }
+            continue;
         }
-        handle_fuse_request(fuse, (void*) req, (void*) (req + sizeof(struct fuse_in_header)), len);
+
+        if ((size_t)len < sizeof(struct fuse_in_header)) {
+            ERROR("[%d] request too short: len=%zu\n", handler->token, (size_t)len);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const struct fuse_in_header *hdr = (void*)handler->request_buffer;
+        if (hdr->len != (size_t)len) {
+            ERROR("[%d] malformed header: len=%zu, hdr->len=%u\n",
+                    handler->token, (size_t)len, hdr->len);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const void *data = handler->request_buffer + sizeof(struct fuse_in_header);
+        size_t data_len = len - sizeof(struct fuse_in_header);
+        __u64 unique = hdr->unique;
+        int res = handle_fuse_request(fuse, handler, hdr, data, data_len);
+
+        /* We do not access the request again after this point because the underlying
+         * buffer storage may have been reused while processing the request. */
+
+        if (res != NO_STATUS) {
+            if (res) {
+                TRACE("[%d] ERROR %d\n", handler->token, res);
+            }
+            fuse_status(fuse, unique, res);
+        }
     }
 }
 
+static void* start_handler(void* data)
+{
+    struct fuse_handler* handler = data;
+    handle_fuse_requests(handler);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static int ignite_fuse(struct fuse* fuse, int num_threads)
+{
+    struct fuse_handler* handlers;
+    int i;
+
+    handlers = malloc(num_threads * sizeof(struct fuse_handler));
+    if (!handlers) {
+        ERROR("cannot allocate storage for threads");
+        return -ENOMEM;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < num_threads; i++) {
+        handlers[i].fuse = fuse;
+        handlers[i].token = i;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 1; i < num_threads; i++) {
+        pthread_t thread;
+        int res = pthread_create(&thread, NULL, start_handler, &handlers[i]);
+        if (res) {
+            ERROR("failed to start thread #%d, error=%d", i, res);
+            goto quit;
+        }
+    }
+    handle_fuse_requests(&handlers[0]);
+    ERROR("terminated prematurely");
+
+    /* don't bother killing all of the other threads or freeing anything,
+     * should never get here anyhow */
+quit:
+    exit(1);
+}
+
 static int usage()
 {
-    ERROR("usage: sdcard [-l -f] <path> <uid> <gid>\n\n\t-l force file names to lower case when creating new files\n\t-f fix up file system before starting (repairs bad file name case and group ownership)\n");
-    return -1;
+    ERROR("usage: sdcard [-t<threads>] <path> <uid> <gid>\n"
+            "    -t<threads>: specify number of threads to use, default -t%d\n"
+            "\n", DEFAULT_NUM_THREADS);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int run(const char* path, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, int num_threads)
+{
+    int fd;
+    char opts[256];
+    int res;
+    struct fuse fuse;
+
+    /* cleanup from previous instance, if necessary */
+    umount2(MOUNT_POINT, 2);
+
+    fd = open("/dev/fuse", O_RDWR);
+    if (fd < 0){
+        ERROR("cannot open fuse device (error %d)\n", errno);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    snprintf(opts, sizeof(opts),
+            "fd=%i,rootmode=40000,default_permissions,allow_other,user_id=%d,group_id=%d",
+            fd, uid, gid);
+
+    res = mount("/dev/fuse", MOUNT_POINT, "fuse", MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV, opts);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        ERROR("cannot mount fuse filesystem (error %d)\n", errno);
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    res = setgid(gid);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        ERROR("cannot setgid (error %d)\n", errno);
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    res = setuid(uid);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        ERROR("cannot setuid (error %d)\n", errno);
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    fuse_init(&fuse, fd, path);
+
+    umask(0);
+    res = ignite_fuse(&fuse, num_threads);
+
+    /* we do not attempt to umount the file system here because we are no longer
+     * running as the root user */
+
+error:
+    close(fd);
+    return res;
 }
 
 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
-    struct fuse fuse;
-    char opts[256];
-    int fd;
     int res;
     const char *path = NULL;
+    uid_t uid = 0;
+    gid_t gid = 0;
+    int num_threads = DEFAULT_NUM_THREADS;
     int i;
 
     for (i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
         char* arg = argv[i];
-        if (!path)
+        if (!strncmp(arg, "-t", 2))
+            num_threads = strtoul(arg + 2, 0, 10);
+        else if (!path)
             path = arg;
-        else if (uid == -1)
+        else if (!uid)
             uid = strtoul(arg, 0, 10);
-        else if (gid == -1)
+        else if (!gid)
             gid = strtoul(arg, 0, 10);
         else {
             ERROR("too many arguments\n");
@@ -985,42 +1330,15 @@
         ERROR("no path specified\n");
         return usage();
     }
-    if (uid <= 0 || gid <= 0) {
+    if (!uid || !gid) {
         ERROR("uid and gid must be nonzero\n");
         return usage();
     }
-
-        /* cleanup from previous instance, if necessary */
-    umount2(MOUNT_POINT, 2);
-
-    fd = open("/dev/fuse", O_RDWR);
-    if (fd < 0){
-        ERROR("cannot open fuse device (%d)\n", errno);
-        return -1;
+    if (num_threads < 1) {
+        ERROR("number of threads must be at least 1\n");
+        return usage();
     }
 
-    sprintf(opts, "fd=%i,rootmode=40000,default_permissions,allow_other,"
-            "user_id=%d,group_id=%d", fd, uid, gid);
-    
-    res = mount("/dev/fuse", MOUNT_POINT, "fuse", MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV, opts);
-    if (res < 0) {
-        ERROR("cannot mount fuse filesystem (%d)\n", errno);
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    if (setgid(gid) < 0) {
-        ERROR("cannot setgid!\n");
-        return -1;
-    }
-    if (setuid(uid) < 0) {
-        ERROR("cannot setuid!\n");
-        return -1;
-    }
-
-    fuse_init(&fuse, fd, path);
-
-    umask(0);
-    handle_fuse_requests(&fuse);
-    
-    return 0;
+    res = run(path, uid, gid, num_threads);
+    return res < 0 ? 1 : 0;
 }
diff --git a/toolbox/dd.c b/toolbox/dd.c
index c6af3ea..53a6206 100644
--- a/toolbox/dd.c
+++ b/toolbox/dd.c
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
 
 #include "dd.h"
 
-#define NO_CONV
+//#define NO_CONV
 
 //#include "extern.h"
 void block(void);
@@ -91,12 +91,9 @@
 extern u_int		files_cnt;
 extern int		progress;
 extern const u_char	*ctab;
-extern const u_char	a2e_32V[], a2e_POSIX[];
-extern const u_char	e2a_32V[], e2a_POSIX[];
-extern const u_char	a2ibm_32V[], a2ibm_POSIX[];
-extern u_char		casetab[];
 
 
+#define MIN(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
 #define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
 
 static void dd_close(void);
@@ -243,42 +240,6 @@
 	if ((ddflags & (C_OF | C_SEEK | C_NOTRUNC)) == (C_OF | C_SEEK))
 		(void)ftruncate(out.fd, (off_t)out.offset * out.dbsz);
 
-	/*
-	 * If converting case at the same time as another conversion, build a
-	 * table that does both at once.  If just converting case, use the
-	 * built-in tables.
-	 */
-	if (ddflags & (C_LCASE|C_UCASE)) {
-#ifdef	NO_CONV
-		/* Should not get here, but just in case... */
-		fprintf(stderr, "case conv and -DNO_CONV\n");
-		exit(1);
-		/* NOTREACHED */
-#else	/* NO_CONV */
-		u_int cnt;
-
-		if (ddflags & C_ASCII || ddflags & C_EBCDIC) {
-			if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
-				for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt)
-					casetab[cnt] = tolower(ctab[cnt]);
-			} else {
-				for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt)
-					casetab[cnt] = toupper(ctab[cnt]);
-			}
-		} else {
-			if (ddflags & C_LCASE) {
-				for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt)
-					casetab[cnt] = tolower(cnt);
-			} else {
-				for (cnt = 0; cnt < 0377; ++cnt)
-					casetab[cnt] = toupper(cnt);
-			}
-		}
-
-		ctab = casetab;
-#endif	/* NO_CONV */
-	}
-
 	(void)gettimeofday(&st.start, NULL);	/* Statistics timestamp. */
 }
 
@@ -796,6 +757,9 @@
 void
 def_close(void)
 {
+	if (ddflags & C_FDATASYNC) {
+		fdatasync(out.fd);
+	}
 
 	/* Just update the count, everything is already in the buffer. */
 	if (in.dbcnt)
@@ -1301,21 +1265,14 @@
 	u_int set, noset;
 	const u_char *ctab;
 } clist[] = {
-	{ "ascii",	C_ASCII,	C_EBCDIC,	e2a_POSIX },
 	{ "block",	C_BLOCK,	C_UNBLOCK,	NULL },
-	{ "ebcdic",	C_EBCDIC,	C_ASCII,	a2e_POSIX },
-	{ "ibm",	C_EBCDIC,	C_ASCII,	a2ibm_POSIX },
-	{ "lcase",	C_LCASE,	C_UCASE,	NULL },
+	{ "fdatasync",	C_FDATASYNC,	0,		NULL },
 	{ "noerror",	C_NOERROR,	0,		NULL },
 	{ "notrunc",	C_NOTRUNC,	0,		NULL },
-	{ "oldascii",	C_ASCII,	C_EBCDIC,	e2a_32V },
-	{ "oldebcdic",	C_EBCDIC,	C_ASCII,	a2e_32V },
-	{ "oldibm",	C_EBCDIC,	C_ASCII,	a2ibm_32V },
 	{ "osync",	C_OSYNC,	C_BS,		NULL },
 	{ "sparse",	C_SPARSE,	0,		NULL },
 	{ "swab",	C_SWAB,		0,		NULL },
 	{ "sync",	C_SYNC,		0,		NULL },
-	{ "ucase",	C_UCASE,	C_LCASE,	NULL },
 	{ "unblock",	C_UNBLOCK,	C_BLOCK,	NULL },
 	/* If you add items to this table, be sure to add the
 	 * conversions to the C_BS check in the jcl routine above.
diff --git a/toolbox/dd.h b/toolbox/dd.h
index cca1024..89f2833 100644
--- a/toolbox/dd.h
+++ b/toolbox/dd.h
@@ -91,3 +91,4 @@
 #define	C_UNBLOCK	0x80000
 #define	C_OSYNC		0x100000
 #define	C_SPARSE	0x200000
+#define	C_FDATASYNC	0x400000