libs/apkverify/src/v3.rs

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2021 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

//! Verifies APK Signature Scheme V3
//!
//! [v3 verification]: https://source.android.com/security/apksigning/v3#verification

use anyhow::{ensure, Context, Result};
use bytes::Bytes;
use openssl::pkey::{self, PKey};
use openssl::x509::X509;
use std::fs::File;
use std::io::{Read, Seek};
use std::ops::Range;
use std::path::Path;

use crate::algorithms::SignatureAlgorithmID;
use crate::bytes_ext::{BytesExt, LengthPrefixed, ReadFromBytes};
use crate::sigutil::*;

pub const APK_SIGNATURE_SCHEME_V3_BLOCK_ID: u32 = 0xf05368c0;

// TODO(b/190343842): get "ro.build.version.sdk"
const SDK_INT: u32 = 31;

type Signers = LengthPrefixed<Vec<LengthPrefixed<Signer>>>;

struct Signer {
    signed_data: LengthPrefixed<Bytes>, // not verified yet
    min_sdk: u32,
    max_sdk: u32,
    signatures: LengthPrefixed<Vec<LengthPrefixed<Signature>>>,
    public_key: PKey<pkey::Public>,
}

impl Signer {
    fn sdk_range(&self) -> Range<u32> {
        self.min_sdk..self.max_sdk
    }
}

struct SignedData {
    digests: LengthPrefixed<Vec<LengthPrefixed<Digest>>>,
    certificates: LengthPrefixed<Vec<LengthPrefixed<X509Certificate>>>,
    min_sdk: u32,
    max_sdk: u32,
    #[allow(dead_code)]
    additional_attributes: LengthPrefixed<Vec<LengthPrefixed<AdditionalAttributes>>>,
}

impl SignedData {
    fn sdk_range(&self) -> Range<u32> {
        self.min_sdk..self.max_sdk
    }
}

#[derive(Debug)]
struct Signature {
    /// Option is used here to allow us to ignore unsupported algorithm.
    signature_algorithm_id: Option<SignatureAlgorithmID>,
    signature: LengthPrefixed<Bytes>,
}

struct Digest {
    signature_algorithm_id: Option<SignatureAlgorithmID>,
    digest: LengthPrefixed<Bytes>,
}

type X509Certificate = Bytes;
type AdditionalAttributes = Bytes;

/// Verifies APK Signature Scheme v3 signatures of the provided APK and returns the public key
/// associated with the signer in DER format.
pub fn verify<P: AsRef<Path>>(apk_path: P) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
    let apk = File::open(apk_path.as_ref())?;
    let mut sections = ApkSections::new(apk)?;
    find_signer_and_then(&mut sections, |(signer, sections)| signer.verify(sections))
}

/// Finds the supported signer and execute a function on it.
fn find_signer_and_then<R, U, F>(sections: &mut ApkSections<R>, f: F) -> Result<U>
where
    R: Read + Seek,
    F: FnOnce((&Signer, &mut ApkSections<R>)) -> Result<U>,
{
    let mut block = sections.find_signature(APK_SIGNATURE_SCHEME_V3_BLOCK_ID)?;
    // parse v3 scheme block
    let signers = block.read::<Signers>()?;

    // find supported by platform
    let supported = signers.iter().filter(|s| s.sdk_range().contains(&SDK_INT)).collect::<Vec<_>>();

    // there should be exactly one
    ensure!(
        supported.len() == 1,
        "APK Signature Scheme V3 only supports one signer: {} signers found.",
        supported.len()
    );

    // Call the supplied function
    f((supported[0], sections))
}

/// Gets the public key (in DER format) that was used to sign the given APK/APEX file
pub fn get_public_key_der<P: AsRef<Path>>(apk_path: P) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
    let apk = File::open(apk_path.as_ref())?;
    let mut sections = ApkSections::new(apk)?;
    find_signer_and_then(&mut sections, |(signer, _)| {
        Ok(signer.public_key.public_key_to_der()?.into_boxed_slice())
    })
}

/// Gets the v4 [apk_digest].
///
/// [apk_digest]: https://source.android.com/docs/security/apksigning/v4#apk-digest
pub fn pick_v4_apk_digest<R: Read + Seek>(apk: R) -> Result<(SignatureAlgorithmID, Box<[u8]>)> {
    let mut sections = ApkSections::new(apk)?;
    let mut block = sections.find_signature(APK_SIGNATURE_SCHEME_V3_BLOCK_ID)?;
    let signers = block.read::<Signers>()?;
    ensure!(signers.len() == 1, "should only have one signer");
    signers[0].pick_v4_apk_digest()
}

impl Signer {
    /// Select the signature that uses the strongest algorithm according to the preferences of the
    /// v4 signing scheme.
    fn strongest_signature(&self) -> Result<&Signature> {
        Ok(self
            .signatures
            .iter()
            .filter(|sig| sig.signature_algorithm_id.is_some())
            .max_by_key(|sig| sig.signature_algorithm_id.unwrap().content_digest_algorithm())
            .context("No supported signatures found")?)
    }

    fn pick_v4_apk_digest(&self) -> Result<(SignatureAlgorithmID, Box<[u8]>)> {
        let strongest = self.strongest_signature()?;
        let signed_data: SignedData = self.signed_data.slice(..).read()?;
        let digest = signed_data
            .digests
            .iter()
            .find(|&dig| dig.signature_algorithm_id == strongest.signature_algorithm_id)
            .context("Digest not found")?;
        Ok((
            digest.signature_algorithm_id.context("Unsupported algorithm")?,
            digest.digest.as_ref().to_vec().into_boxed_slice(),
        ))
    }

    /// Verifies the strongest signature from signatures against signed data using public key.
    /// Returns the verified signed data.
    fn verify_signature(&self, strongest: &Signature) -> Result<SignedData> {
        let mut verifier = strongest
            .signature_algorithm_id
            .context("Unsupported algorithm")?
            .new_verifier(&self.public_key)?;
        verifier.update(&self.signed_data)?;
        ensure!(verifier.verify(&strongest.signature)?, "Signature is invalid.");
        // It is now safe to parse signed data.
        self.signed_data.slice(..).read()
    }

    /// The steps in this method implements APK Signature Scheme v3 verification step 3.
    fn verify<R: Read + Seek>(&self, sections: &mut ApkSections<R>) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
        // 1. Choose the strongest supported signature algorithm ID from signatures.
        let strongest = self.strongest_signature()?;

        // 2. Verify the corresponding signature from signatures against signed data using public key.
        let verified_signed_data = self.verify_signature(strongest)?;

        // 3. Verify the min and max SDK versions in the signed data match those specified for the
        //    signer.
        ensure!(
            self.sdk_range() == verified_signed_data.sdk_range(),
            "SDK versions mismatch between signed and unsigned in v3 signer block."
        );

        // 4. Verify that the ordered list of signature algorithm IDs in digests and signatures is
        //    identical. (This is to prevent signature stripping/addition.)
        ensure!(
            self.signatures
                .iter()
                .map(|sig| sig.signature_algorithm_id)
                .eq(verified_signed_data.digests.iter().map(|dig| dig.signature_algorithm_id)),
            "Signature algorithms don't match between digests and signatures records"
        );

        // 5. Compute the digest of APK contents using the same digest algorithm as the digest
        //    algorithm used by the signature algorithm.
        let digest = verified_signed_data
            .digests
            .iter()
            .find(|&dig| dig.signature_algorithm_id == strongest.signature_algorithm_id)
            .unwrap(); // ok to unwrap since we check if two lists are the same above
        let computed = sections
            .compute_digest(digest.signature_algorithm_id.context("Unsupported algorithm")?)?;

        // 6. Verify that the computed digest is identical to the corresponding digest from digests.
        ensure!(
            computed == digest.digest.as_ref(),
            "Digest mismatch: computed={:?} vs expected={:?}",
            to_hex_string(&computed),
            to_hex_string(&digest.digest),
        );

        // 7. Verify that public key of the first certificate of certificates is identical
        //    to public key.
        let cert = verified_signed_data.certificates.first().context("No certificates listed")?;
        let cert = X509::from_der(cert.as_ref())?;
        ensure!(
            cert.public_key()?.public_eq(&self.public_key),
            "Public key mismatch between certificate and signature record"
        );

        // TODO(b/245914104)
        // 8. If the proof-of-rotation attribute exists for the signer verify that the
        // struct is valid and this signer is the last certificate in the list.
        Ok(self.public_key.public_key_to_der()?.into_boxed_slice())
    }
}

// ReadFromBytes implementations
// TODO(b/190343842): add derive macro: #[derive(ReadFromBytes)]

impl ReadFromBytes for Signer {
    fn read_from_bytes(buf: &mut Bytes) -> Result<Self> {
        Ok(Self {
            signed_data: buf.read()?,
            min_sdk: buf.read()?,
            max_sdk: buf.read()?,
            signatures: buf.read()?,
            public_key: buf.read()?,
        })
    }
}

impl ReadFromBytes for SignedData {
    fn read_from_bytes(buf: &mut Bytes) -> Result<Self> {
        Ok(Self {
            digests: buf.read()?,
            certificates: buf.read()?,
            min_sdk: buf.read()?,
            max_sdk: buf.read()?,
            additional_attributes: buf.read()?,
        })
    }
}

impl ReadFromBytes for Signature {
    fn read_from_bytes(buf: &mut Bytes) -> Result<Self> {
        Ok(Signature { signature_algorithm_id: buf.read()?, signature: buf.read()? })
    }
}

impl ReadFromBytes for Digest {
    fn read_from_bytes(buf: &mut Bytes) -> Result<Self> {
        Ok(Self { signature_algorithm_id: buf.read()?, digest: buf.read()? })
    }
}

impl ReadFromBytes for PKey<pkey::Public> {
    fn read_from_bytes(buf: &mut Bytes) -> Result<Self> {
        let raw_public_key = buf.read::<LengthPrefixed<Bytes>>()?;
        Ok(PKey::public_key_from_der(raw_public_key.as_ref())?)
    }
}

#[inline]
pub(crate) fn to_hex_string(buf: &[u8]) -> String {
    buf.iter().map(|b| format!("{:02X}", b)).collect()
}