diff --git a/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachine.java b/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachine.java
index ed2c2a1..de44b63 100644
--- a/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachine.java
+++ b/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachine.java
@@ -439,6 +439,7 @@
                         }
                         @Override
                         public void onDied(int cid, int reason) {
+                            // TODO(b/236811123) translate `reason` into a stable reason numbers
                             service.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(deathRecipient, 0);
                             if (onDiedCalled.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
                                 executeCallback((cb) -> cb.onDied(VirtualMachine.this, reason));
diff --git a/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineCallback.java b/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineCallback.java
index a49c9be..54d0701 100644
--- a/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineCallback.java
+++ b/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineCallback.java
@@ -66,7 +66,8 @@
         DEATH_REASON_SHUTDOWN,
         DEATH_REASON_ERROR,
         DEATH_REASON_REBOOT,
-        DEATH_REASON_CRASH
+        DEATH_REASON_CRASH,
+        DEATH_REASON_HANGUP,
     })
     @interface DeathReason {}
 
@@ -97,6 +98,36 @@
     /** The VM or crosvm crashed. */
     int DEATH_REASON_CRASH = 6;
 
+    /** The pVM firmware failed to verify the VM because the public key doesn't match. */
+    int DEATH_REASON_PVM_FIRMWARE_PUBLIC_KEY_MISMATCH = 7;
+
+    /** The pVM firmware failed to verify the VM because the instance image changed. */
+    int DEATH_REASON_PVM_FIRMWARE_INSTANCE_IMAGE_CHANGED = 8;
+
+    /** The bootloader failed to verify the VM because the public key doesn't match. */
+    int DEATH_REASON_BOOTLOADER_PUBLIC_KEY_MISMATCH = 9;
+
+    /** The bootloader failed to verify the VM because the instance image changed. */
+    int DEATH_REASON_BOOTLOADER_INSTANCE_IMAGE_CHANGED = 10;
+
+    /** The microdroid failed to connect to VirtualizationService's RPC server. */
+    int DEATH_REASON_MICRODROID_FAILED_TO_CONNECT_TO_VIRTUALIZATION_SERVICE = 11;
+
+    /** The payload for microdroid is changed. */
+    int DEATH_REASON_MICRODROID_PAYLOAD_HAS_CHANGED = 12;
+
+    /** The microdroid failed to verify given payload APK. */
+    int DEATH_REASON_MICRODROID_PAYLOAD_VERIFICATION_FAILED = 13;
+
+    /** The VM config for microdroid is invalid (e.g. missing tasks). */
+    int DEATH_REASON_MICRODROID_INVALID_PAYLOAD_CONFIG = 14;
+
+    /** There was a runtime error while running microdroid manager. */
+    int DEATH_REASON_MICRODROID_UNKNOWN_RUNTIME_ERROR = 15;
+
+    /** The VM killed due to hangup */
+    int DEATH_REASON_HANGUP = 16;
+
     /** Called when the payload starts in the VM. */
     void onPayloadStarted(@NonNull VirtualMachine vm, @Nullable ParcelFileDescriptor stream);
 
diff --git a/virtualizationservice/Android.bp b/virtualizationservice/Android.bp
index 7a8da96..791da24 100644
--- a/virtualizationservice/Android.bp
+++ b/virtualizationservice/Android.bp
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
         "libcommand_fds",
         "libdisk",
         "libidsig",
+        "liblazy_static",
         "liblog_rust",
         "libmicrodroid_metadata",
         "libmicrodroid_payload_config",
diff --git a/virtualizationservice/aidl/android/system/virtualizationservice/DeathReason.aidl b/virtualizationservice/aidl/android/system/virtualizationservice/DeathReason.aidl
index 577e868..dceabf1 100644
--- a/virtualizationservice/aidl/android/system/virtualizationservice/DeathReason.aidl
+++ b/virtualizationservice/aidl/android/system/virtualizationservice/DeathReason.aidl
@@ -52,4 +52,6 @@
     MICRODROID_INVALID_PAYLOAD_CONFIG = 14,
     /** There was a runtime error while running microdroid manager. */
     MICRODROID_UNKNOWN_RUNTIME_ERROR = 15,
+    /** The VM killed due to hangup */
+    HANGUP = 16,
 }
diff --git a/virtualizationservice/src/aidl.rs b/virtualizationservice/src/aidl.rs
index f0b3fb4..24f3706 100644
--- a/virtualizationservice/src/aidl.rs
+++ b/virtualizationservice/src/aidl.rs
@@ -479,6 +479,7 @@
             log_fd,
             indirect_files,
             platform_version: parse_platform_version_req(&config.platformVersion)?,
+            detect_hangup: is_app_config,
         };
         let instance = Arc::new(
             VmInstance::new(
diff --git a/virtualizationservice/src/crosvm.rs b/virtualizationservice/src/crosvm.rs
index fcc09c6..7ca802f 100644
--- a/virtualizationservice/src/crosvm.rs
+++ b/virtualizationservice/src/crosvm.rs
@@ -18,10 +18,13 @@
 use crate::Cid;
 use anyhow::{bail, Error};
 use command_fds::CommandFdExt;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use log::{debug, error, info};
 use semver::{Version, VersionReq};
 use nix::{fcntl::OFlag, unistd::pipe2};
+use rustutils::system_properties;
 use shared_child::SharedChild;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::fs::{remove_dir_all, File};
 use std::io::{self, Read};
 use std::mem;
@@ -29,7 +32,8 @@
 use std::os::unix::io::{AsRawFd, RawFd, FromRawFd};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::process::{Command, ExitStatus};
-use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Condvar, Mutex};
+use std::time::Duration;
 use std::thread;
 use vsock::VsockStream;
 use android_system_virtualizationservice::aidl::android::system::virtualizationservice::DeathReason::DeathReason;
@@ -51,6 +55,25 @@
 /// The exit status which crosvm returns when it crashes due to an error.
 const CROSVM_CRASH_STATUS: i32 = 33;
 
+fn is_nested_virtualization() -> bool {
+    //  Check if we are running on vsoc as a proxy for this.
+    matches!(
+        system_properties::read("ro.build.product").unwrap().as_deref(),
+        Some("vsoc_x86_64") | Some("vsoc_x86")
+    )
+}
+
+lazy_static! {
+    /// If the VM doesn't move to the Started state within this amount time, a hang-up error is
+    /// triggered.
+    static ref BOOT_HANGUP_TIMEOUT: Duration = if is_nested_virtualization() {
+        // Nested virtualization is slow, so we need a longer timeout.
+        Duration::from_secs(100)
+    } else {
+        Duration::from_secs(10)
+    };
+}
+
 /// Configuration for a VM to run with crosvm.
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct CrosvmConfig {
@@ -69,6 +92,7 @@
     pub log_fd: Option<File>,
     pub indirect_files: Vec<File>,
     pub platform_version: VersionReq,
+    pub detect_hangup: bool,
 }
 
 /// A disk image to pass to crosvm for a VM.
@@ -116,6 +140,7 @@
     fn start(&mut self, instance: Arc<VmInstance>) -> Result<(), Error> {
         let state = mem::replace(self, VmState::Failed);
         if let VmState::NotStarted { config } = state {
+            let detect_hangup = config.detect_hangup;
             let (failure_pipe_read, failure_pipe_write) = create_pipe()?;
 
             // If this fails and returns an error, `self` will be left in the `Failed` state.
@@ -123,7 +148,7 @@
 
             let child_clone = child.clone();
             thread::spawn(move || {
-                instance.monitor(child_clone, failure_pipe_read);
+                instance.monitor(child_clone, failure_pipe_read, detect_hangup);
             });
 
             // If it started correctly, update the state.
@@ -162,6 +187,8 @@
     pub vm_service: Mutex<Option<Strong<dyn IVirtualMachineService>>>,
     /// The latest lifecycle state which the payload reported itself to be in.
     payload_state: Mutex<PayloadState>,
+    /// Represents the condition that payload_state becomes Started
+    payload_started: Condvar,
 }
 
 impl VmInstance {
@@ -188,6 +215,7 @@
             stream: Mutex::new(None),
             vm_service: Mutex::new(None),
             payload_state: Mutex::new(PayloadState::Starting),
+            payload_started: Condvar::new(),
         })
     }
 
@@ -198,11 +226,38 @@
     }
 
     /// Waits for the crosvm child process to finish, then marks the VM as no longer running and
-    /// calls any callbacks.
+    /// calls any callbacks. If `detect_hangup` is optionally set to true, waits for the start of
+    /// payload in the crosvm process. If that doesn't occur within a BOOT_HANGUP_TIMEOUT, declare
+    /// it as a hangup and forcibly kill the process.
     ///
     /// This takes a separate reference to the `SharedChild` rather than using the one in
     /// `self.vm_state` to avoid holding the lock on `vm_state` while it is running.
-    fn monitor(&self, child: Arc<SharedChild>, mut failure_pipe_read: File) {
+    fn monitor(&self, child: Arc<SharedChild>, mut failure_pipe_read: File, detect_hangup: bool) {
+        let hungup = if detect_hangup {
+            // Wait until payload is started or the crosvm process terminates. The checking of the
+            // child process is needed because otherwise we will be waiting for a condition that
+            // will never be satisfied (because crosvm is the one who can make the condition true).
+            let state = self.payload_state.lock().unwrap();
+            let (_, result) = self
+                .payload_started
+                .wait_timeout_while(state, *BOOT_HANGUP_TIMEOUT, |state| {
+                    *state < PayloadState::Started && child.try_wait().is_ok()
+                })
+                .unwrap();
+            if result.timed_out() {
+                error!(
+                    "Microdroid failed to start payload within {} secs timeout. Shutting down",
+                    BOOT_HANGUP_TIMEOUT.as_secs()
+                );
+                self.kill();
+                true
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        } else {
+            false
+        };
+
         let result = child.wait();
         match &result {
             Err(e) => error!("Error waiting for crosvm({}) instance to die: {}", child.id(), e),
@@ -214,14 +269,17 @@
         // Ensure that the mutex is released before calling the callbacks.
         drop(vm_state);
 
-        let mut failure_string = String::new();
-        let failure_read_result = failure_pipe_read.read_to_string(&mut failure_string);
-        if let Err(e) = &failure_read_result {
-            error!("Error reading VM failure reason from pipe: {}", e);
-        }
-        if !failure_string.is_empty() {
-            info!("VM returned failure reason '{}'", failure_string);
-        }
+        let failure_string = if hungup {
+            Cow::from("HANGUP")
+        } else {
+            let mut s = String::new();
+            match failure_pipe_read.read_to_string(&mut s) {
+                Err(e) => error!("Error reading VM failure reason from pipe: {}", e),
+                Ok(len) if len > 0 => info!("VM returned failure reason '{}'", &s),
+                _ => (),
+            };
+            Cow::from(s)
+        };
 
         self.callbacks.callback_on_died(self.cid, death_reason(&result, &failure_string));
 
@@ -243,6 +301,9 @@
         // the other direction.
         if new_state > *state_locked {
             *state_locked = new_state;
+            if new_state >= PayloadState::Started {
+                self.payload_started.notify_all();
+            }
             Ok(())
         } else {
             bail!("Invalid payload state transition from {:?} to {:?}", *state_locked, new_state)
@@ -289,6 +350,7 @@
             "MICRODROID_UNKNOWN_RUNTIME_ERROR" => {
                 return DeathReason::MICRODROID_UNKNOWN_RUNTIME_ERROR
             }
+            "HANGUP" => return DeathReason::HANGUP,
             _ => {}
         }
         match status.code() {
diff --git a/vmclient/src/death_reason.rs b/vmclient/src/death_reason.rs
index 657eaa2..b976f6f 100644
--- a/vmclient/src/death_reason.rs
+++ b/vmclient/src/death_reason.rs
@@ -44,6 +44,18 @@
     BootloaderPublicKeyMismatch,
     /// The bootloader failed to verify the VM because the instance image changed.
     BootloaderInstanceImageChanged,
+    /// The microdroid failed to connect to VirtualizationService's RPC server.
+    MicrodroidFailedToConnectToVirtualizationService,
+    /// The payload for microdroid is changed.
+    MicrodroidPayloadHasChanged,
+    /// The microdroid failed to verify given payload APK.
+    MicrodroidPayloadVerificationFailed,
+    /// The VM config for microdroid is invalid (e.g. missing tasks).
+    MicrodroidInvalidPayloadConfig,
+    /// There was a runtime error while running microdroid manager.
+    MicrodroidUnknownRuntimeError,
+    /// The VM was killed due to hangup.
+    Hangup,
     /// VirtualizationService sent a death reason which was not recognised by the client library.
     Unrecognised(AidlDeathReason),
 }
@@ -66,6 +78,20 @@
             AidlDeathReason::BOOTLOADER_INSTANCE_IMAGE_CHANGED => {
                 Self::BootloaderInstanceImageChanged
             }
+            AidlDeathReason::MICRODROID_FAILED_TO_CONNECT_TO_VIRTUALIZATION_SERVICE => {
+                Self::MicrodroidFailedToConnectToVirtualizationService
+            }
+            AidlDeathReason::MICRODROID_PAYLOAD_HAS_CHANGED => Self::MicrodroidPayloadHasChanged,
+            AidlDeathReason::MICRODROID_PAYLOAD_VERIFICATION_FAILED => {
+                Self::MicrodroidPayloadVerificationFailed
+            }
+            AidlDeathReason::MICRODROID_INVALID_PAYLOAD_CONFIG => {
+                Self::MicrodroidInvalidPayloadConfig
+            }
+            AidlDeathReason::MICRODROID_UNKNOWN_RUNTIME_ERROR => {
+                Self::MicrodroidUnknownRuntimeError
+            }
+            AidlDeathReason::HANGUP => Self::Hangup,
             _ => Self::Unrecognised(reason),
         }
     }
@@ -94,6 +120,20 @@
             Self::BootloaderInstanceImageChanged => {
                 "Bootloader failed to verify the VM because the instance image changed."
             }
+            Self::MicrodroidFailedToConnectToVirtualizationService => {
+                "The microdroid failed to connect to VirtualizationService's RPC server."
+            }
+            Self::MicrodroidPayloadHasChanged => "The payload for microdroid is changed.",
+            Self::MicrodroidPayloadVerificationFailed => {
+                "The microdroid failed to verify given payload APK."
+            }
+            Self::MicrodroidInvalidPayloadConfig => {
+                "The VM config for microdroid is invalid (e.g. missing tasks)."
+            }
+            Self::MicrodroidUnknownRuntimeError => {
+                "There was a runtime error while running microdroid manager."
+            }
+            Self::Hangup => "VM hangup.",
             Self::Unrecognised(reason) => {
                 return write!(f, "Unrecognised death reason {:?}.", reason);
             }