diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index fc4d389..4a10c89 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@
 AVF components:
 * [pVM firmware](guest/pvmfw/README.md)
 * [Android Boot Loader (ABL)](docs/abl.md)
-* [Microdroid](microdroid/README.md)
-* [Microdroid kernel](microdroid/kernel/README.md)
+* [Microdroid](build/microdroid/README.md)
+* [Microdroid kernel](guest/kernel/README.md)
 * [Microdroid payload](libs/libmicrodroid_payload_metadata/README.md)
 * [vmbase](libs/libvmbase/README.md)
 * [Encrypted Storage](guest/encryptedstore/README.md)
diff --git a/android/FerrochromeApp/java/com/android/virtualization/ferrochrome/OpenUrlActivity.java b/android/FerrochromeApp/java/com/android/virtualization/ferrochrome/OpenUrlActivity.java
index c32d017..433e89c 100644
--- a/android/FerrochromeApp/java/com/android/virtualization/ferrochrome/OpenUrlActivity.java
+++ b/android/FerrochromeApp/java/com/android/virtualization/ferrochrome/OpenUrlActivity.java
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
     @Override
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
-        boolean isRoot = isTaskRoot();
         finish();
+
         if (!Intent.ACTION_SEND.equals(getIntent().getAction())) {
             return;
         }
@@ -49,16 +49,6 @@
             return;
         }
         Log.i(TAG, "Sending " + scheme + " URL to VM");
-        if (isRoot) {
-            Log.w(
-                    TAG,
-                    "Cannot open URL without starting "
-                            + FerrochromeActivity.class.getSimpleName()
-                            + " first, starting it now");
-            startActivity(
-                    new Intent(this, FerrochromeActivity.class).setAction(Intent.ACTION_MAIN));
-            return;
-        }
         startActivity(
                 new Intent(ACTION_VM_OPEN_URL)
                         .setFlags(
diff --git a/android/VmLauncherApp/java/com/android/virtualization/vmlauncher/ClipboardHandler.java b/android/VmLauncherApp/java/com/android/virtualization/vmlauncher/ClipboardHandler.java
index 828d923..def464e 100644
--- a/android/VmLauncherApp/java/com/android/virtualization/vmlauncher/ClipboardHandler.java
+++ b/android/VmLauncherApp/java/com/android/virtualization/vmlauncher/ClipboardHandler.java
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
         mVmAgent = vmAgent;
     }
 
-    private VmAgent.Connection getConnection() {
+    private VmAgent.Connection getConnection() throws InterruptedException {
         return mVmAgent.connect();
     }
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 
         try {
             getConnection().sendData(VmAgent.WRITE_CLIPBOARD_TYPE_TEXT_PLAIN, data);
-        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+        } catch (InterruptedException | RuntimeException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Failed to write clipboard data to VM", e);
         }
     }
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@
         VmAgent.Data data;
         try {
             data = getConnection().sendAndReceive(VmAgent.READ_CLIPBOARD_FROM_VM, null);
-        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+        } catch (InterruptedException | RuntimeException e) {
             Log.e(TAG, "Failed to read clipboard data from VM", e);
             return;
         }
diff --git a/android/VmLauncherApp/java/com/android/virtualization/vmlauncher/MainActivity.java b/android/VmLauncherApp/java/com/android/virtualization/vmlauncher/MainActivity.java
index 54543b0..fb75533 100644
--- a/android/VmLauncherApp/java/com/android/virtualization/vmlauncher/MainActivity.java
+++ b/android/VmLauncherApp/java/com/android/virtualization/vmlauncher/MainActivity.java
@@ -52,16 +52,12 @@
     private DisplayProvider mDisplayProvider;
     private VmAgent mVmAgent;
     private ClipboardHandler mClipboardHandler;
+    private OpenUrlHandler mOpenUrlHandler;
 
     @Override
     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
-        String action = getIntent().getAction();
-        if (!ACTION_VM_LAUNCHER.equals(action)) {
-            finish();
-            Log.e(TAG, "onCreate unsupported intent action: " + action);
-            return;
-        }
+        Log.d(TAG, "onCreate intent: " + getIntent());
         checkAndRequestRecordAudioPermission();
         mExecutorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
 
@@ -98,6 +94,8 @@
 
         mVmAgent = new VmAgent(mVirtualMachine);
         mClipboardHandler = new ClipboardHandler(this, mVmAgent);
+        mOpenUrlHandler = new OpenUrlHandler(mVmAgent);
+        handleIntent(getIntent());
     }
 
     private void makeFullscreen() {
@@ -146,6 +144,7 @@
         super.onDestroy();
         mExecutorService.shutdownNow();
         mInputForwarder.cleanUp();
+        mOpenUrlHandler.shutdown();
         Log.d(TAG, "destroyed");
     }
 
@@ -172,18 +171,16 @@
 
     @Override
     protected void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {
-        String action = intent.getAction();
-        if (!ACTION_VM_OPEN_URL.equals(action)) {
-            Log.e(TAG, "onNewIntent unsupported intent action: " + action);
-            return;
-        }
-        Log.d(TAG, "onNewIntent intent action: " + action);
-        String text = intent.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT);
-        if (text != null) {
-            mExecutorService.execute(
-                    () -> {
-                        mVmAgent.connect().sendData(VmAgent.OPEN_URL, text.getBytes());
-                    });
+        Log.d(TAG, "onNewIntent intent: " + intent);
+        handleIntent(intent);
+    }
+
+    private void handleIntent(Intent intent) {
+        if (ACTION_VM_OPEN_URL.equals(intent.getAction())) {
+            String url = intent.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT);
+            if (url != null) {
+                mOpenUrlHandler.sendUrlToVm(url);
+            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/android/VmLauncherApp/java/com/android/virtualization/vmlauncher/OpenUrlHandler.java b/android/VmLauncherApp/java/com/android/virtualization/vmlauncher/OpenUrlHandler.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb0c6bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/android/VmLauncherApp/java/com/android/virtualization/vmlauncher/OpenUrlHandler.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package com.android.virtualization.vmlauncher;
+
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
+
+class OpenUrlHandler {
+    private static final String TAG = MainActivity.TAG;
+
+    private final VmAgent mVmAgent;
+    private final ExecutorService mExecutorService;
+
+    OpenUrlHandler(VmAgent vmAgent) {
+        mVmAgent = vmAgent;
+        mExecutorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
+    }
+
+    void shutdown() {
+        mExecutorService.shutdownNow();
+    }
+
+    void sendUrlToVm(String url) {
+        mExecutorService.execute(
+                () -> {
+                    try {
+                        mVmAgent.connect().sendData(VmAgent.OPEN_URL, url.getBytes());
+                        Log.d(TAG, "Successfully sent URL to the VM");
+                    } catch (InterruptedException | RuntimeException e) {
+                        Log.e(TAG, "Failed to send URL to the VM", e);
+                    }
+                });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/android/VmLauncherApp/java/com/android/virtualization/vmlauncher/VmAgent.java b/android/VmLauncherApp/java/com/android/virtualization/vmlauncher/VmAgent.java
index 78da6c0..af1d298 100644
--- a/android/VmLauncherApp/java/com/android/virtualization/vmlauncher/VmAgent.java
+++ b/android/VmLauncherApp/java/com/android/virtualization/vmlauncher/VmAgent.java
@@ -17,8 +17,10 @@
 package com.android.virtualization.vmlauncher;
 
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
+import android.os.SystemClock;
 import android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachine;
 import android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineException;
+import android.util.Log;
 
 import libcore.io.Streams;
 
@@ -39,6 +41,7 @@
     private static final int DATA_SHARING_SERVICE_PORT = 3580;
     private static final int HEADER_SIZE = 8; // size of the header
     private static final int SIZE_OFFSET = 4; // offset of the size field in the header
+    private static final long RETRY_INTERVAL_MS = 1_000;
 
     static final byte READ_CLIPBOARD_FROM_VM = 0;
     static final byte WRITE_CLIPBOARD_TYPE_EMPTY = 1;
@@ -51,13 +54,26 @@
         mVirtualMachine = vm;
     }
 
-    /** Connect to the agent and returns the communication channel established. This can block. */
-    Connection connect() {
-        try {
-            // TODO: wait until the VM is up and the agent is running
-            return new Connection(mVirtualMachine.connectVsock(DATA_SHARING_SERVICE_PORT));
-        } catch (VirtualMachineException e) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to connect to the VM agent", e);
+    /**
+     * Connects to the agent and returns the established communication channel. This can block.
+     *
+     * @throws InterruptedException If the current thread was interrupted
+     */
+    Connection connect() throws InterruptedException {
+        boolean shouldLog = true;
+        while (true) {
+            if (Thread.interrupted()) {
+                throw new InterruptedException();
+            }
+            try {
+                return new Connection(mVirtualMachine.connectVsock(DATA_SHARING_SERVICE_PORT));
+            } catch (VirtualMachineException e) {
+                if (shouldLog) {
+                    shouldLog = false;
+                    Log.d(TAG, "Still waiting for VM agent to start", e);
+                }
+            }
+            SystemClock.sleep(RETRY_INTERVAL_MS);
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/android/virtmgr/src/crosvm.rs b/android/virtmgr/src/crosvm.rs
index f9fbd16..37618c7 100644
--- a/android/virtmgr/src/crosvm.rs
+++ b/android/virtmgr/src/crosvm.rs
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 use log::{debug, error, info};
 use semver::{Version, VersionReq};
 use nix::{fcntl::OFlag, unistd::pipe2, unistd::Uid, unistd::User};
+use nix::unistd::dup;
 use regex::{Captures, Regex};
 use rustutils::system_properties;
 use shared_child::SharedChild;
@@ -35,7 +36,8 @@
 use std::io::{self, Read};
 use std::mem;
 use std::num::{NonZeroU16, NonZeroU32};
-use std::os::unix::io::{AsRawFd, OwnedFd, RawFd};
+use std::os::fd::FromRawFd;
+use std::os::unix::io::{AsRawFd, OwnedFd};
 use std::os::unix::process::ExitStatusExt;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 use std::process::{Command, ExitStatus};
@@ -872,26 +874,6 @@
     }
 }
 
-fn append_platform_devices(
-    command: &mut Command,
-    preserved_fds: &mut Vec<RawFd>,
-    config: &CrosvmConfig,
-) -> Result<(), Error> {
-    if config.vfio_devices.is_empty() {
-        return Ok(());
-    }
-
-    let Some(dtbo) = &config.dtbo else {
-        bail!("VFIO devices assigned but no DTBO available");
-    };
-    command.arg(format!("--device-tree-overlay={},filter", add_preserved_fd(preserved_fds, dtbo)));
-
-    for device in &config.vfio_devices {
-        command.arg(vfio_argument_for_platform_device(device)?);
-    }
-    Ok(())
-}
-
 /// Starts an instance of `crosvm` to manage a new VM.
 fn run_vm(
     config: CrosvmConfig,
@@ -986,7 +968,7 @@
     }
 
     // Keep track of what file descriptors should be mapped to the crosvm process.
-    let mut preserved_fds = config.indirect_files.iter().map(|file| file.as_raw_fd()).collect();
+    let mut preserved_fds = config.indirect_files.into_iter().map(|f| f.into()).collect();
 
     // Setup the serial devices.
     // 1. uart device: used as the output device by bootloaders and as early console by linux
@@ -997,15 +979,14 @@
     //
     // When [console|log]_fd is not specified, the devices are attached to sink, which means what's
     // written there is discarded.
-    let console_out_arg = format_serial_out_arg(&mut preserved_fds, &config.console_out_fd);
+    let console_out_arg = format_serial_out_arg(&mut preserved_fds, config.console_out_fd);
     let console_in_arg = config
         .console_in_fd
-        .as_ref()
         .map(|fd| format!(",input={}", add_preserved_fd(&mut preserved_fds, fd)))
         .unwrap_or_default();
-    let log_arg = format_serial_out_arg(&mut preserved_fds, &config.log_fd);
-    let failure_serial_path = add_preserved_fd(&mut preserved_fds, &failure_pipe_write);
-    let ramdump_arg = format_serial_out_arg(&mut preserved_fds, &config.ramdump);
+    let log_arg = format_serial_out_arg(&mut preserved_fds, config.log_fd);
+    let failure_serial_path = add_preserved_fd(&mut preserved_fds, failure_pipe_write);
+    let ramdump_arg = format_serial_out_arg(&mut preserved_fds, config.ramdump);
     let console_input_device = config.console_input_device.as_deref().unwrap_or(CONSOLE_HVC0);
     match console_input_device {
         CONSOLE_HVC0 | CONSOLE_TTYS0 => {}
@@ -1035,11 +1016,11 @@
     // /dev/hvc2
     command.arg(format!("--serial={},hardware=virtio-console,num=3", &log_arg));
 
-    if let Some(bootloader) = &config.bootloader {
+    if let Some(bootloader) = config.bootloader {
         command.arg("--bios").arg(add_preserved_fd(&mut preserved_fds, bootloader));
     }
 
-    if let Some(initrd) = &config.initrd {
+    if let Some(initrd) = config.initrd {
         command.arg("--initrd").arg(add_preserved_fd(&mut preserved_fds, initrd));
     }
 
@@ -1047,25 +1028,30 @@
         command.arg("--params").arg(params);
     }
 
-    for disk in &config.disks {
+    for disk in config.disks {
         command.arg("--block").arg(format!(
             "path={},ro={}",
-            add_preserved_fd(&mut preserved_fds, &disk.image),
+            add_preserved_fd(&mut preserved_fds, disk.image),
             !disk.writable,
         ));
     }
 
-    if let Some(kernel) = &config.kernel {
+    if let Some(kernel) = config.kernel {
         command.arg(add_preserved_fd(&mut preserved_fds, kernel));
     }
 
-    let control_server_socket = UnixSeqpacketListener::bind(crosvm_control_socket_path)
+    let control_sock = UnixSeqpacketListener::bind(crosvm_control_socket_path)
         .context("failed to create control server")?;
-    command
-        .arg("--socket")
-        .arg(add_preserved_fd(&mut preserved_fds, &control_server_socket.as_raw_descriptor()));
+    command.arg("--socket").arg(add_preserved_fd(&mut preserved_fds, {
+        let dup_fd = dup(control_sock.as_raw_descriptor())?;
+        // SAFETY: UnixSeqpacketListener doesn't provide a way to convert it into a RawFd or
+        // OwnedFd. In order to provide a OwnedFd for add_preserved_fd, dup the control socket
+        // and create a OwnedFd from the duped fd. This is fine as the original fd is still
+        // closed when control_socket is dropped.
+        unsafe { OwnedFd::from_raw_fd(dup_fd) }
+    }));
 
-    if let Some(dt_overlay) = &config.device_tree_overlay {
+    if let Some(dt_overlay) = config.device_tree_overlay {
         command.arg("--device-tree-overlay").arg(add_preserved_fd(&mut preserved_fds, dt_overlay));
     }
 
@@ -1116,15 +1102,15 @@
     }
 
     if cfg!(network) {
-        if let Some(tap) = &config.tap {
-            let tap_fd = tap.as_raw_fd();
-            preserved_fds.push(tap_fd);
-            command.arg("--net").arg(format!("tap-fd={}", tap_fd));
+        if let Some(tap) = config.tap {
+            command
+                .arg("--net")
+                .arg(format!("tap-fd={}", add_preserved_fd(&mut preserved_fds, tap)));
         }
     }
 
     if cfg!(paravirtualized_devices) {
-        for input_device_option in config.input_device_options.iter() {
+        for input_device_option in config.input_device_options.into_iter() {
             command.arg("--input");
             command.arg(match input_device_option {
                 InputDeviceOption::EvDev(file) => {
@@ -1172,7 +1158,19 @@
         command.arg("--boost-uclamp");
     }
 
-    append_platform_devices(&mut command, &mut preserved_fds, &config)?;
+    if !config.vfio_devices.is_empty() {
+        if let Some(dtbo) = config.dtbo {
+            command.arg(format!(
+                "--device-tree-overlay={},filter",
+                add_preserved_fd(&mut preserved_fds, dtbo)
+            ));
+        } else {
+            bail!("VFIO devices assigned but no DTBO available");
+        }
+    };
+    for device in config.vfio_devices {
+        command.arg(vfio_argument_for_platform_device(&device)?);
+    }
 
     debug!("Preserving FDs {:?}", preserved_fds);
     command.preserved_fds(preserved_fds);
@@ -1242,15 +1240,16 @@
 
 /// Adds the file descriptor for `file` to `preserved_fds`, and returns a string of the form
 /// "/proc/self/fd/N" where N is the file descriptor.
-fn add_preserved_fd(preserved_fds: &mut Vec<RawFd>, file: &dyn AsRawFd) -> String {
-    let fd = file.as_raw_fd();
+fn add_preserved_fd<F: Into<OwnedFd>>(preserved_fds: &mut Vec<OwnedFd>, file: F) -> String {
+    let fd = file.into();
+    let raw_fd = fd.as_raw_fd();
     preserved_fds.push(fd);
-    format!("/proc/self/fd/{}", fd)
+    format!("/proc/self/fd/{}", raw_fd)
 }
 
 /// Adds the file descriptor for `file` (if any) to `preserved_fds`, and returns the appropriate
 /// string for a crosvm `--serial` flag. If `file` is none, creates a dummy sink device.
-fn format_serial_out_arg(preserved_fds: &mut Vec<RawFd>, file: &Option<File>) -> String {
+fn format_serial_out_arg(preserved_fds: &mut Vec<OwnedFd>, file: Option<File>) -> String {
     if let Some(file) = file {
         format!("type=file,path={}", add_preserved_fd(preserved_fds, file))
     } else {
diff --git a/libs/libservice_vm_manager/src/lib.rs b/libs/libservice_vm_manager/src/lib.rs
index 8564c51..d3d86e9 100644
--- a/libs/libservice_vm_manager/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/libservice_vm_manager/src/lib.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
 use vsock::{VsockListener, VsockStream, VMADDR_CID_HOST};
 
 /// Size of virtual memory allocated to the Service VM.
-pub const VM_MEMORY_MB: i32 = 8;
+pub const VM_MEMORY_MB: i32 = 6;
 
 const VIRT_DATA_DIR: &str = "/data/misc/apexdata/com.android.virt";
 const RIALTO_PATH: &str = "/apex/com.android.virt/etc/rialto.bin";
diff --git a/libs/libvmclient/src/lib.rs b/libs/libvmclient/src/lib.rs
index 88072a7..7b576e6 100644
--- a/libs/libvmclient/src/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/libvmclient/src/lib.rs
@@ -90,16 +90,13 @@
         let (client_fd, server_fd) = posix_socketpair()?;
 
         let mut command = Command::new(VIRTMGR_PATH);
+        // Can't use BorrowedFd as it doesn't implement Display
         command.arg("--rpc-server-fd").arg(format!("{}", server_fd.as_raw_fd()));
         command.arg("--ready-fd").arg(format!("{}", ready_fd.as_raw_fd()));
-        command.preserved_fds(vec![server_fd.as_raw_fd(), ready_fd.as_raw_fd()]);
+        command.preserved_fds(vec![server_fd, ready_fd]);
 
         SharedChild::spawn(&mut command)?;
 
-        // Drop FDs that belong to virtmgr.
-        drop(server_fd);
-        drop(ready_fd);
-
         // Wait for the child to signal that the RpcBinder server is ready
         // by closing its end of the pipe.
         let _ignored = File::from(wait_fd).read(&mut [0]);
diff --git a/tests/authfs/common/src/open_then_run.rs b/tests/authfs/common/src/open_then_run.rs
index e5e33eb..a9004b0 100644
--- a/tests/authfs/common/src/open_then_run.rs
+++ b/tests/authfs/common/src/open_then_run.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 use log::{debug, error};
 use std::fs::OpenOptions;
 use std::os::unix::fs::OpenOptionsExt;
-use std::os::unix::io::{AsRawFd, OwnedFd, RawFd};
+use std::os::unix::io::{OwnedFd, RawFd};
 use std::process::Command;
 
 // `PseudoRawFd` is just an integer and not necessarily backed by a real FD. It is used to denote
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@
 }
 
 impl OwnedFdMapping {
-    fn as_fd_mapping(&self) -> FdMapping {
-        FdMapping { parent_fd: self.owned_fd.as_raw_fd(), child_fd: self.target_fd }
+    fn into_fd_mapping(self) -> FdMapping {
+        FdMapping { parent_fd: self.owned_fd, child_fd: self.target_fd }
     }
 }
 
@@ -148,9 +148,9 @@
 
     // Set up FD mappings in the child process.
     let mut fd_mappings = Vec::new();
-    fd_mappings.extend(args.ro_file_fds.iter().map(OwnedFdMapping::as_fd_mapping));
-    fd_mappings.extend(args.rw_file_fds.iter().map(OwnedFdMapping::as_fd_mapping));
-    fd_mappings.extend(args.dir_fds.iter().map(OwnedFdMapping::as_fd_mapping));
+    fd_mappings.extend(args.ro_file_fds.into_iter().map(OwnedFdMapping::into_fd_mapping));
+    fd_mappings.extend(args.rw_file_fds.into_iter().map(OwnedFdMapping::into_fd_mapping));
+    fd_mappings.extend(args.dir_fds.into_iter().map(OwnedFdMapping::into_fd_mapping));
     command.fd_mappings(fd_mappings)?;
 
     debug!("Spawning {:?}", command);
diff --git a/tests/benchmark/src/java/com/android/microdroid/benchmark/MicrodroidBenchmarks.java b/tests/benchmark/src/java/com/android/microdroid/benchmark/MicrodroidBenchmarks.java
index ec1a553..0e59a01 100644
--- a/tests/benchmark/src/java/com/android/microdroid/benchmark/MicrodroidBenchmarks.java
+++ b/tests/benchmark/src/java/com/android/microdroid/benchmark/MicrodroidBenchmarks.java
@@ -268,6 +268,7 @@
                 /* fullDebug */ false,
                 (builder) -> builder.setCpuTopology(CPU_TOPOLOGY_ONE_CPU));
     }
+
     @Test
     public void testMicrodroidHostCpuTopologyBootTime()
             throws VirtualMachineException, InterruptedException, IOException {
@@ -280,10 +281,7 @@
     @Test
     public void testMicrodroidDebugBootTime()
             throws VirtualMachineException, InterruptedException, IOException {
-        runBootTimeTest(
-                "test_vm_boot_time_debug",
-                /* fullDebug */ true,
-                (builder) -> builder);
+        runBootTimeTest("test_vm_boot_time_debug", /* fullDebug */ true, (builder) -> builder);
     }
 
     private void testMicrodroidDebugBootTime_withVendorBase(File vendorDiskImage) throws Exception {
@@ -366,12 +364,12 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testVirtioBlkSeqReadRate() throws Exception {
-        testVirtioBlkReadRate(/*isRand=*/ false);
+        testVirtioBlkReadRate(/* isRand= */ false);
     }
 
     @Test
     public void testVirtioBlkRandReadRate() throws Exception {
-        testVirtioBlkReadRate(/*isRand=*/ true);
+        testVirtioBlkReadRate(/* isRand= */ true);
     }
 
     private void testVirtioBlkReadRate(boolean isRand) throws Exception {
diff --git a/tests/benchmark_hostside/java/android/avf/test/AVFHostTestCase.java b/tests/benchmark_hostside/java/android/avf/test/AVFHostTestCase.java
index 4a61016..e2956f2 100644
--- a/tests/benchmark_hostside/java/android/avf/test/AVFHostTestCase.java
+++ b/tests/benchmark_hostside/java/android/avf/test/AVFHostTestCase.java
@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@
 
     /** Boot time test related variables */
     private static final int REINSTALL_APEX_RETRY_INTERVAL_MS = 5 * 1000;
+
     private static final int REINSTALL_APEX_TIMEOUT_SEC = 15;
     private static final int COMPILE_STAGED_APEX_RETRY_INTERVAL_MS = 10 * 1000;
     private static final int COMPILE_STAGED_APEX_TIMEOUT_SEC = 540;
@@ -122,17 +123,18 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testNoLongHypSections() throws Exception {
-        String[] hypEvents = {
-            "hyp_enter", "hyp_exit"
-        };
+        String[] hypEvents = {"hyp_enter", "hyp_exit"};
 
-        assumeTrue("Skip without hypervisor tracing",
-            KvmHypTracer.isSupported(getDevice(), hypEvents));
+        assumeTrue(
+                "Skip without hypervisor tracing",
+                KvmHypTracer.isSupported(getDevice(), hypEvents));
 
         KvmHypTracer tracer = new KvmHypTracer(getDevice(), hypEvents);
         String result = tracer.run(COMPOSD_CMD_BIN + " test-compile");
         assertWithMessage("Failed to test compilation VM.")
-                .that(result).ignoringCase().contains("all ok");
+                .that(result)
+                .ignoringCase()
+                .contains("all ok");
 
         SimpleStats stats = tracer.getDurationStats();
         reportMetric(stats.getData(), "hyp_sections", "s");
@@ -141,32 +143,37 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testPsciMemProtect() throws Exception {
-        String[] hypEvents = {
-            "psci_mem_protect"
-        };
+        String[] hypEvents = {"psci_mem_protect"};
 
-        assumeTrue("Skip without hypervisor tracing",
-            KvmHypTracer.isSupported(getDevice(), hypEvents));
+        assumeTrue(
+                "Skip without hypervisor tracing",
+                KvmHypTracer.isSupported(getDevice(), hypEvents));
         KvmHypTracer tracer = new KvmHypTracer(getDevice(), hypEvents);
 
         /* We need to wait for crosvm to die so all the VM pages are reclaimed */
         String result = tracer.run(COMPOSD_CMD_BIN + " test-compile && killall -w crosvm || true");
         assertWithMessage("Failed to test compilation VM.")
-                .that(result).ignoringCase().contains("all ok");
+                .that(result)
+                .ignoringCase()
+                .contains("all ok");
 
         List<Integer> values = tracer.getPsciMemProtect();
 
         assertWithMessage("PSCI MEM_PROTECT events not recorded")
-            .that(values.size()).isGreaterThan(2);
+                .that(values.size())
+                .isGreaterThan(2);
 
         assertWithMessage("PSCI MEM_PROTECT counter not starting from 0")
-            .that(values.get(0)).isEqualTo(0);
+                .that(values.get(0))
+                .isEqualTo(0);
 
         assertWithMessage("PSCI MEM_PROTECT counter not ending with 0")
-            .that(values.get(values.size() - 1)).isEqualTo(0);
+                .that(values.get(values.size() - 1))
+                .isEqualTo(0);
 
         assertWithMessage("PSCI MEM_PROTECT counter didn't increment")
-            .that(Collections.max(values)).isGreaterThan(0);
+                .that(Collections.max(values))
+                .isGreaterThan(0);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -182,9 +189,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void testSettingsAppStartupTime() throws Exception {
-        String[] launchIntentPackages = {
-            "com.android.settings"
-        };
+        String[] launchIntentPackages = {"com.android.settings"};
         String launchIntentPackage = findSupportedPackage(launchIntentPackages);
         assume().withMessage("No supported settings package").that(launchIntentPackage).isNotNull();
         appStartupHelper(launchIntentPackage);
@@ -193,28 +198,34 @@
     private void appStartupHelper(String launchIntentPackage) throws Exception {
         assumeTrue(
                 "Skip on non-protected VMs",
-                ((TestDevice) getDevice()).supportsMicrodroid(/*protectedVm=*/ true));
+                ((TestDevice) getDevice()).supportsMicrodroid(/* protectedVm= */ true));
 
         StartupTimeMetricCollection mCollection =
                 new StartupTimeMetricCollection(getPackageName(launchIntentPackage), ROUND_COUNT);
         getAppStartupTime(launchIntentPackage, mCollection);
 
-        reportMetric(mCollection.mAppBeforeVmRunTotalTime,
+        reportMetric(
+                mCollection.mAppBeforeVmRunTotalTime,
                 "app_startup/" + mCollection.getPkgName() + "/total_time/before_vm",
                 "ms");
-        reportMetric(mCollection.mAppBeforeVmRunWaitTime,
+        reportMetric(
+                mCollection.mAppBeforeVmRunWaitTime,
                 "app_startup/" + mCollection.getPkgName() + "/wait_time/before_vm",
                 "ms");
-        reportMetric(mCollection.mAppDuringVmRunTotalTime,
+        reportMetric(
+                mCollection.mAppDuringVmRunTotalTime,
                 "app_startup/" + mCollection.getPkgName() + "/total_time/during_vm",
                 "ms");
-        reportMetric(mCollection.mAppDuringVmRunWaitTime,
+        reportMetric(
+                mCollection.mAppDuringVmRunWaitTime,
                 "app_startup/" + mCollection.getPkgName() + "/wait_time/during_vm",
                 "ms");
-        reportMetric(mCollection.mAppAfterVmRunTotalTime,
+        reportMetric(
+                mCollection.mAppAfterVmRunTotalTime,
                 "app_startup/" + mCollection.getPkgName() + "/total_time/after_vm",
                 "ms");
-        reportMetric(mCollection.mAppAfterVmRunWaitTime,
+        reportMetric(
+                mCollection.mAppAfterVmRunWaitTime,
                 "app_startup/" + mCollection.getPkgName() + "/wait_time/after_vm",
                 "ms");
     }
@@ -234,8 +245,9 @@
 
         for (String pkgName : pkgNameList) {
             String appPkg = getPackageName(pkgName);
-            String hasPackage = android.run("pm list package | grep -w " + appPkg + " 1> /dev/null"
-                    + "; echo $?");
+            String hasPackage =
+                    android.run(
+                            "pm list package | grep -w " + appPkg + " 1> /dev/null" + "; echo $?");
             assertNotNull(hasPackage);
 
             if (hasPackage.equals("0")) {
@@ -390,8 +402,8 @@
         }
     }
 
-    private int getFreeMemoryInfoMb(CommandRunner android) throws DeviceNotAvailableException,
-            IllegalArgumentException {
+    private int getFreeMemoryInfoMb(CommandRunner android)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException, IllegalArgumentException {
         int freeMemory = 0;
         String content = android.runForResult("cat /proc/meminfo").getStdout().trim();
         String[] lines = content.split("[\r\n]+");
@@ -410,8 +422,8 @@
             throws DeviceNotAvailableException, InterruptedException {
         android.run("input keyevent", "KEYCODE_WAKEUP");
         Thread.sleep(500);
-        final String ret = android.runForResult("dumpsys nfc | grep 'mScreenState='")
-                .getStdout().trim();
+        final String ret =
+                android.runForResult("dumpsys nfc | grep 'mScreenState='").getStdout().trim();
         if (ret != null && ret.contains("ON_LOCKED")) {
             android.run("input keyevent", "KEYCODE_MENU");
         }
@@ -429,8 +441,9 @@
                 String[] bootKeyVal = bootLoaderPhase.split(":");
                 String key = String.format("%s%s", BOOTLOADER_PREFIX, bootKeyVal[0]);
 
-                bootloaderTime.computeIfAbsent(key,
-                        k -> new ArrayList<>()).add(Double.parseDouble(bootKeyVal[1]));
+                bootloaderTime
+                        .computeIfAbsent(key, k -> new ArrayList<>())
+                        .add(Double.parseDouble(bootKeyVal[1]));
                 // SW is the time spent on the warning screen. So ignore it in
                 // final boot time calculation.
                 if (BOOTLOADER_PHASE_SW.equalsIgnoreCase(bootKeyVal[0])) {
@@ -438,8 +451,9 @@
                 }
                 bootLoaderTotalTime += Double.parseDouble(bootKeyVal[1]);
             }
-            bootloaderTime.computeIfAbsent(BOOTLOADER_TIME,
-                    k -> new ArrayList<>()).add(bootLoaderTotalTime);
+            bootloaderTime
+                    .computeIfAbsent(BOOTLOADER_TIME, k -> new ArrayList<>())
+                    .add(bootLoaderTotalTime);
         }
     }
 
@@ -518,7 +532,9 @@
                         android.runWithTimeout(
                                 3 * 60 * 1000, COMPOSD_CMD_BIN + " staged-apex-compile");
                 assertWithMessage("Failed to compile staged APEX. Reason: " + result)
-                    .that(result).ignoringCase().contains("all ok");
+                        .that(result)
+                        .ignoringCase()
+                        .contains("all ok");
 
                 CLog.i("Success to compile staged APEX. Result: " + result);
 
@@ -546,22 +562,23 @@
             try {
                 CommandRunner android = new CommandRunner(getDevice());
 
-                String packagesOutput =
-                        android.run("pm list packages -f --apex-only");
+                String packagesOutput = android.run("pm list packages -f --apex-only");
 
-                Pattern p = Pattern.compile(
-                        "package:(.*)=(com(?:\\.google)?\\.android\\.art)$", Pattern.MULTILINE);
+                Pattern p =
+                        Pattern.compile(
+                                "package:(.*)=(com(?:\\.google)?\\.android\\.art)$",
+                                Pattern.MULTILINE);
                 Matcher m = p.matcher(packagesOutput);
                 assertWithMessage("ART module not found. Packages are:\n" + packagesOutput)
-                    .that(m.find())
-                    .isTrue();
+                        .that(m.find())
+                        .isTrue();
 
                 String artApexPath = m.group(1);
 
-                CommandResult result = android.runForResult(
-                        "pm install --apex " + artApexPath);
+                CommandResult result = android.runForResult("pm install --apex " + artApexPath);
                 assertWithMessage("Failed to install APEX. Reason: " + result)
-                    .that(result.getExitCode()).isEqualTo(0);
+                        .that(result.getExitCode())
+                        .isEqualTo(0);
 
                 CLog.i("Success to install APEX. Result: " + result);
 
diff --git a/tests/helper/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/common/MetricsProcessor.java b/tests/helper/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/common/MetricsProcessor.java
index dd68d6a..8f93d1e 100644
--- a/tests/helper/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/common/MetricsProcessor.java
+++ b/tests/helper/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/common/MetricsProcessor.java
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
 
     public static String getMetricPrefix(String debugTag) {
         return "avf_perf"
-            + ((debugTag != null && !debugTag.isEmpty()) ? "[" + debugTag + "]" : "")
-            + "/";
+                + ((debugTag != null && !debugTag.isEmpty()) ? "[" + debugTag + "]" : "")
+                + "/";
     }
 
     public MetricsProcessor(String prefix) {
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@
      * a {@link Map} with the corresponding keys equal to [mPrefix + name +
      * _[min|max|average|stdev]_ + unit].
      */
-    public Map<String, Double> computeStats(List<? extends Number> metrics, String name,
-            String unit) {
+    public Map<String, Double> computeStats(
+            List<? extends Number> metrics, String name, String unit) {
         List<Double> values = new ArrayList<>(metrics.size());
         for (Number metric : metrics) {
             values.add(metric.doubleValue());
diff --git a/tests/helper/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/common/ProcessUtil.java b/tests/helper/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/common/ProcessUtil.java
index e058674..c4aba81 100644
--- a/tests/helper/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/common/ProcessUtil.java
+++ b/tests/helper/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/common/ProcessUtil.java
@@ -69,13 +69,13 @@
     }
 
     /** Gets global memory metrics key and values mapping */
-    public static Map<String, Long> getProcessMemoryMap(
-            Function<String, String> shellExecutor) throws IOException {
+    public static Map<String, Long> getProcessMemoryMap(Function<String, String> shellExecutor)
+            throws IOException {
         // The input file of parseMemoryInfo need a header string as the key of output entries.
         // /proc/meminfo doesn't have this line so add one as the key.
         String header = "device memory info\n";
-        List<SMapEntry> entries = parseMemoryInfo(header
-                + shellExecutor.apply("cat /proc/meminfo"));
+        List<SMapEntry> entries =
+                parseMemoryInfo(header + shellExecutor.apply("cat /proc/meminfo"));
         if (entries.size() != 1) {
             throw new RuntimeException(
                     "expected one entry in /proc/meminfo, got " + entries.size());
diff --git a/tests/helper/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/device/MicrodroidDeviceTestBase.java b/tests/helper/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/device/MicrodroidDeviceTestBase.java
index 8169376..135d947 100644
--- a/tests/helper/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/device/MicrodroidDeviceTestBase.java
+++ b/tests/helper/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/device/MicrodroidDeviceTestBase.java
@@ -108,15 +108,15 @@
     protected final void grantPermission(String permission) {
         Instrumentation instrumentation = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation();
         UiAutomation uiAutomation = instrumentation.getUiAutomation();
-        uiAutomation.grantRuntimePermission(instrumentation.getContext().getPackageName(),
-                permission);
+        uiAutomation.grantRuntimePermission(
+                instrumentation.getContext().getPackageName(), permission);
     }
 
     protected final void revokePermission(String permission) {
         Instrumentation instrumentation = InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation();
         UiAutomation uiAutomation = instrumentation.getUiAutomation();
-        uiAutomation.revokeRuntimePermission(instrumentation.getContext().getPackageName(),
-                permission);
+        uiAutomation.revokeRuntimePermission(
+                instrumentation.getContext().getPackageName(), permission);
     }
 
     protected final void setMaxPerformanceTaskProfile() throws IOException {
@@ -233,12 +233,11 @@
     }
 
     protected void assumeVsrCompliant() {
-        boolean featureCheck = mCtx.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WATCH) ||
-                               mCtx.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE) ||
-                               mCtx.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_LEANBACK);
-        assume().withMessage("This device is not VSR compliant")
-                .that(featureCheck)
-                .isFalse();
+        boolean featureCheck =
+                mCtx.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_WATCH)
+                        || mCtx.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_AUTOMOTIVE)
+                        || mCtx.getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(FEATURE_LEANBACK);
+        assume().withMessage("This device is not VSR compliant").that(featureCheck).isFalse();
     }
 
     protected boolean isGsi() {
@@ -256,8 +255,9 @@
 
         // Cuttlefish/Goldfish on Arm 64 doesn't and cannot support any form of virtualization,
         // so there's no point running any of these tests.
-        assume().withMessage("Virtualization not supported on Arm64 Cuttlefish/Goldfish."
-                + " b/341889915")
+        assume().withMessage(
+                        "Virtualization not supported on Arm64 Cuttlefish/Goldfish."
+                                + " b/341889915")
                 .that(isCuttlefishArm64() || isGoldfishArm64())
                 .isFalse();
     }
@@ -288,7 +288,8 @@
             if (log.contains("Run /init as init process") && !mInitStartedNanoTime.isPresent()) {
                 mInitStartedNanoTime = OptionalLong.of(System.nanoTime());
             }
-            if (log.contains("microdroid_manager") && log.contains("executing main task")
+            if (log.contains("microdroid_manager")
+                    && log.contains("executing main task")
                     && !mPayloadStartedNanoTime.isPresent()) {
                 mPayloadStartedNanoTime = OptionalLong.of(System.nanoTime());
             }
diff --git a/tests/hostside/helper/java/com/android/microdroid/test/host/CommandResultSubject.java b/tests/hostside/helper/java/com/android/microdroid/test/host/CommandResultSubject.java
index 2e9d078..1d292eb 100644
--- a/tests/hostside/helper/java/com/android/microdroid/test/host/CommandResultSubject.java
+++ b/tests/hostside/helper/java/com/android/microdroid/test/host/CommandResultSubject.java
@@ -25,9 +25,7 @@
 import com.google.common.truth.StringSubject;
 import com.google.common.truth.Subject;
 
-/**
- * A <a href="https://github.com/google/truth">Truth</a> subject for {@link CommandResult}.
- */
+/** A <a href="https://github.com/google/truth">Truth</a> subject for {@link CommandResult}. */
 public class CommandResultSubject extends Subject {
     private final CommandResult mActual;
 
diff --git a/tests/hostside/helper/java/com/android/microdroid/test/host/KvmHypTracer.java b/tests/hostside/helper/java/com/android/microdroid/test/host/KvmHypTracer.java
index 5c72358..3814cdd 100644
--- a/tests/hostside/helper/java/com/android/microdroid/test/host/KvmHypTracer.java
+++ b/tests/hostside/helper/java/com/android/microdroid/test/host/KvmHypTracer.java
@@ -17,22 +17,23 @@
 package com.android.microdroid.test.host;
 
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertWithMessage;
+
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
 
-import com.android.microdroid.test.host.CommandRunner;
 import com.android.tradefed.device.ITestDevice;
 import com.android.tradefed.log.LogUtil.CLog;
 import com.android.tradefed.util.SimpleStats;
 
+import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileReader;
-import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.text.ParseException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
 import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
 
 class KvmHypEvent {
@@ -42,16 +43,14 @@
     public final String args;
     public final boolean valid;
 
-    private static final Pattern LOST_EVENT_PATTERN = Pattern.compile(
-            "^CPU:[0-9]* \\[LOST ([0-9]*) EVENTS\\]");
+    private static final Pattern LOST_EVENT_PATTERN =
+            Pattern.compile("^CPU:[0-9]* \\[LOST ([0-9]*) EVENTS\\]");
 
     public KvmHypEvent(String str) {
         Matcher matcher = LOST_EVENT_PATTERN.matcher(str);
-        if (matcher.find())
-            throw new OutOfMemoryError("Lost " + matcher.group(1) + " events");
+        if (matcher.find()) throw new OutOfMemoryError("Lost " + matcher.group(1) + " events");
 
-        Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(
-                "^\\[([0-9]*)\\][ \t]*([0-9]*\\.[0-9]*): (\\S+) (.*)");
+        Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^\\[([0-9]*)\\][ \t]*([0-9]*\\.[0-9]*): (\\S+) (.*)");
 
         matcher = pattern.matcher(str);
         if (!matcher.find()) {
@@ -72,8 +71,7 @@
     }
 
     public String toString() {
-        return String.format(
-                "[%03d]\t%f: %s %s", cpu, timestamp, name, args);
+        return String.format("[%03d]\t%f: %s %s", cpu, timestamp, name, args);
     }
 }
 
@@ -99,16 +97,16 @@
     }
 
     public static boolean isSupported(ITestDevice device, String[] events) throws Exception {
-        for (String event: events) {
-            if (!device.doesFileExist(HYP_TRACING_ROOT + eventDir(event) + "/enable"))
-                return false;
+        for (String event : events) {
+            if (!device.doesFileExist(HYP_TRACING_ROOT + eventDir(event) + "/enable")) return false;
         }
         return true;
     }
 
     public KvmHypTracer(@Nonnull ITestDevice device, String[] events) throws Exception {
         assertWithMessage("Hypervisor events " + String.join(",", events) + " not supported")
-            .that(isSupported(device, events)).isTrue();
+                .that(isSupported(device, events))
+                .isTrue();
 
         mDevice = device;
         mRunner = new CommandRunner(mDevice);
@@ -123,8 +121,7 @@
         setNode("tracing_on", 0);
         mRunner.run("echo 0 | tee " + HYP_TRACING_ROOT + "events/*/*/enable");
         setNode("buffer_size_kb", DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE_KB);
-        for (String event: mHypEvents)
-            setNode(eventDir(event) + "/enable", 1);
+        for (String event : mHypEvents) setNode(eventDir(event) + "/enable", 1);
         setNode("trace", 0);
 
         /* Cat each per-cpu trace_pipe in its own tmp file in the background */
@@ -147,8 +144,10 @@
 
         /* Wait for cat to finish reading the pipe interface before killing it */
         for (int i = 0; i < mNrCpus; i++) {
-            cmd += "while $(test '$(ps -o S -p $CPU" + i
-                + "_TRACE_PIPE_PID | tail -n 1)' = 'R'); do sleep 1; done;";
+            cmd +=
+                    "while $(test '$(ps -o S -p $CPU"
+                            + i
+                            + "_TRACE_PIPE_PID | tail -n 1)' = 'R'); do sleep 1; done;";
             cmd += "kill -9 $CPU" + i + "_TRACE_PIPE_PID;";
         }
         cmd += "wait";
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@
 
         mRunner.run("rm -f " + cmd_script);
 
-        for (String t: trace_pipes) {
+        for (String t : trace_pipes) {
             File trace = mDevice.pullFile(t);
             assertNotNull(trace);
             mTraces.add(trace);
@@ -190,12 +189,10 @@
         KvmHypEvent event;
         String l;
 
-        if ((l = br.readLine()) == null)
-            return null;
+        if ((l = br.readLine()) == null) return null;
 
         event = new KvmHypEvent(l);
-        if (!event.valid)
-            return null;
+        if (!event.valid) return null;
 
         return event;
     }
@@ -205,9 +202,10 @@
         SimpleStats stats = new SimpleStats();
 
         assertWithMessage("KvmHypTracer() is missing events " + String.join(",", reqEvents))
-            .that(hasEvents(reqEvents)).isTrue();
+                .that(hasEvents(reqEvents))
+                .isTrue();
 
-        for (File trace: mTraces) {
+        for (File trace : mTraces) {
             BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(trace));
             double last = 0.0, hyp_enter = 0.0;
             String prev_event = "";
@@ -219,20 +217,18 @@
                     throw new ParseException("Incorrect CPU number: " + cpu, 0);
 
                 double cur = hypEvent.timestamp;
-                if (cur < last)
-                    throw new ParseException("Time must not go backward: " + cur, 0);
+                if (cur < last) throw new ParseException("Time must not go backward: " + cur, 0);
                 last = cur;
 
                 String event = hypEvent.name;
                 if (event.equals(prev_event)) {
-                    throw new ParseException("Hyp event found twice in a row: " +
-                                             trace + " - " + hypEvent, 0);
+                    throw new ParseException(
+                            "Hyp event found twice in a row: " + trace + " - " + hypEvent, 0);
                 }
 
                 switch (event) {
                     case "hyp_exit":
-                        if (prev_event.equals("hyp_enter"))
-                            stats.add(cur - hyp_enter);
+                        if (prev_event.equals("hyp_enter")) stats.add(cur - hyp_enter);
                         break;
                     case "hyp_enter":
                         hyp_enter = cur;
@@ -252,7 +248,8 @@
         List<Integer> psciMemProtect = new ArrayList<>();
 
         assertWithMessage("KvmHypTracer() is missing events " + String.join(",", reqEvents))
-            .that(hasEvents(reqEvents)).isTrue();
+                .that(hasEvents(reqEvents))
+                .isTrue();
 
         BufferedReader[] brs = new BufferedReader[mTraces.size()];
         KvmHypEvent[] next = new KvmHypEvent[mTraces.size()];
@@ -266,22 +263,20 @@
             double oldest = Double.MAX_VALUE;
             int oldestIdx = -1;
 
-            for (int i = 0; i < mTraces.size(); i ++) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < mTraces.size(); i++) {
                 if ((next[i] != null) && (next[i].timestamp < oldest)) {
                     oldest = next[i].timestamp;
                     oldestIdx = i;
                 }
             }
 
-            if (oldestIdx < 0)
-                break;
+            if (oldestIdx < 0) break;
 
-            Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(
-                "count=([0-9]*) was=([0-9]*)");
+            Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("count=([0-9]*) was=([0-9]*)");
             Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(next[oldestIdx].args);
             if (!matcher.find()) {
-                throw new ParseException("Unexpected psci_mem_protect event: " +
-                                         next[oldestIdx], 0);
+                throw new ParseException(
+                        "Unexpected psci_mem_protect event: " + next[oldestIdx], 0);
             }
 
             int count = Integer.parseInt(matcher.group(1));
diff --git a/tests/hostside/helper/java/com/android/microdroid/test/host/LogArchiver.java b/tests/hostside/helper/java/com/android/microdroid/test/host/LogArchiver.java
index 96ab543..ed753d0 100644
--- a/tests/hostside/helper/java/com/android/microdroid/test/host/LogArchiver.java
+++ b/tests/hostside/helper/java/com/android/microdroid/test/host/LogArchiver.java
@@ -27,15 +27,17 @@
 
 /** A helper class for archiving device log files to the host's tradefed output directory. */
 public abstract class LogArchiver {
-    /** Copy device log (then delete) to a tradefed output directory on the host.
+    /**
+     * Copy device log (then delete) to a tradefed output directory on the host.
      *
      * @param logs A {@link TestLogData} that needs to be owned by the actual test case.
      * @param device The device to pull the log file from.
      * @param remotePath The path on the device.
      * @param localName Local file name to be copied to.
      */
-    public static void archiveLogThenDelete(TestLogData logs, ITestDevice device, String remotePath,
-            String localName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+    public static void archiveLogThenDelete(
+            TestLogData logs, ITestDevice device, String remotePath, String localName)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
         File logFile = device.pullFile(remotePath);
         if (logFile != null) {
             logs.addTestLog(localName, LogDataType.TEXT, new FileInputStreamSource(logFile));
diff --git a/tests/hostside/helper/java/com/android/microdroid/test/host/MicrodroidHostTestCaseBase.java b/tests/hostside/helper/java/com/android/microdroid/test/host/MicrodroidHostTestCaseBase.java
index cd90fbe..974a58c 100644
--- a/tests/hostside/helper/java/com/android/microdroid/test/host/MicrodroidHostTestCaseBase.java
+++ b/tests/hostside/helper/java/com/android/microdroid/test/host/MicrodroidHostTestCaseBase.java
@@ -67,8 +67,11 @@
     protected static final long MICRODROID_COMMAND_TIMEOUT_MILLIS = 30000;
     private static final long MICRODROID_COMMAND_RETRY_INTERVAL_MILLIS = 500;
     protected static final int MICRODROID_ADB_CONNECT_MAX_ATTEMPTS =
-            (int) (MICRODROID_ADB_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MINUTES * 60 * 1000
-                / MICRODROID_COMMAND_RETRY_INTERVAL_MILLIS);
+            (int)
+                    (MICRODROID_ADB_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MINUTES
+                            * 60
+                            * 1000
+                            / MICRODROID_COMMAND_RETRY_INTERVAL_MILLIS);
 
     protected static final Set<String> SUPPORTED_GKI_VERSIONS =
             Collections.unmodifiableSet(new HashSet(Arrays.asList("android15-6.6")));
@@ -148,8 +151,9 @@
                 isGsi && vendorApiLevel < 202404);
     }
 
-    public static void archiveLogThenDelete(TestLogData logs, ITestDevice device, String remotePath,
-            String localName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+    public static void archiveLogThenDelete(
+            TestLogData logs, ITestDevice device, String remotePath, String localName)
+            throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
         LogArchiver.archiveLogThenDelete(logs, device, remotePath, localName);
     }
 
@@ -167,6 +171,7 @@
         CommandResult result = RunUtil.getDefault().runTimedCmd(timeout, cmd);
         return result.getStdout().trim();
     }
+
     private static String join(String... strs) {
         return String.join(" ", Arrays.asList(strs));
     }
@@ -197,8 +202,7 @@
         throw new AssertionError("Failed to find test file " + name + " for module " + moduleName);
     }
 
-    public String getPathForPackage(String packageName)
-            throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
+    public String getPathForPackage(String packageName) throws DeviceNotAvailableException {
         return getPathForPackage(getDevice(), packageName);
     }
 
@@ -210,7 +214,8 @@
         CommandRunner android = new CommandRunner(device);
         String pathLine = android.run("pm", "path", packageName);
         assertWithMessage("Package " + packageName + " not found")
-                .that(pathLine).startsWith("package:");
+                .that(pathLine)
+                .startsWith("package:");
         return pathLine.substring("package:".length());
     }
 
diff --git a/tests/hostside/java/com/android/microdroid/test/MicrodroidHostTests.java b/tests/hostside/java/com/android/microdroid/test/MicrodroidHostTests.java
index 80d1fc6..0f7be20 100644
--- a/tests/hostside/java/com/android/microdroid/test/MicrodroidHostTests.java
+++ b/tests/hostside/java/com/android/microdroid/test/MicrodroidHostTests.java
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 import static com.android.microdroid.test.host.CommandResultSubject.command_results;
 import static com.android.tradefed.device.TestDevice.MicrodroidBuilder;
 import static com.android.tradefed.testtype.DeviceJUnit4ClassRunner.TestLogData;
-import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceRuntimeException;
 
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
 import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertWithMessage;
@@ -45,6 +44,7 @@
 import com.android.os.AtomsProto;
 import com.android.os.StatsLog;
 import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceNotAvailableException;
+import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceRuntimeException;
 import com.android.tradefed.device.ITestDevice;
 import com.android.tradefed.device.TestDevice;
 import com.android.tradefed.testtype.DeviceJUnit4ClassRunner.TestMetrics;
@@ -79,13 +79,13 @@
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
-import java.util.Objects;
 
 @RunWith(DeviceJUnit4Parameterized.class)
 @UseParametersRunnerFactory(DeviceJUnit4ClassRunnerWithParameters.RunnerFactory.class)
@@ -490,6 +490,7 @@
                         .cpuTopology("match_host")
                         .protectedVm(true)
                         .gki(mGki)
+                        .name("protected_vm_runs_pvmfw")
                         .build(getAndroidDevice());
 
         // Assert
@@ -785,6 +786,7 @@
                         .cpuTopology("match_host")
                         .protectedVm(mProtectedVm)
                         .gki(mGki)
+                        .name("test_telemetry_pushed_atoms")
                         .build(device);
         microdroid.waitForBootComplete(BOOT_COMPLETE_TIMEOUT);
         device.shutdownMicrodroid(microdroid);
@@ -816,7 +818,8 @@
         assertThat(atomVmCreationRequested.getIsProtected()).isEqualTo(mProtectedVm);
         assertThat(atomVmCreationRequested.getCreationSucceeded()).isTrue();
         assertThat(atomVmCreationRequested.getBinderExceptionCode()).isEqualTo(0);
-        assertThat(atomVmCreationRequested.getVmIdentifier()).isEqualTo("VmRunApp");
+        assertThat(atomVmCreationRequested.getVmIdentifier())
+                .isEqualTo("test_telemetry_pushed_atoms");
         assertThat(atomVmCreationRequested.getConfigType())
                 .isEqualTo(AtomsProto.VmCreationRequested.ConfigType.VIRTUAL_MACHINE_APP_CONFIG);
         assertThat(atomVmCreationRequested.getNumCpus()).isEqualTo(getDeviceNumCpus(device));
@@ -826,11 +829,11 @@
 
         // Check VmBooted atom
         AtomsProto.VmBooted atomVmBooted = data.get(1).getAtom().getVmBooted();
-        assertThat(atomVmBooted.getVmIdentifier()).isEqualTo("VmRunApp");
+        assertThat(atomVmBooted.getVmIdentifier()).isEqualTo("test_telemetry_pushed_atoms");
 
         // Check VmExited atom
         AtomsProto.VmExited atomVmExited = data.get(2).getAtom().getVmExited();
-        assertThat(atomVmExited.getVmIdentifier()).isEqualTo("VmRunApp");
+        assertThat(atomVmExited.getVmIdentifier()).isEqualTo("test_telemetry_pushed_atoms");
         assertThat(atomVmExited.getDeathReason()).isEqualTo(AtomsProto.VmExited.DeathReason.KILLED);
         assertThat(atomVmExited.getExitSignal()).isEqualTo(9);
         // In CPU & memory related fields, check whether positive values are collected or not.
@@ -927,6 +930,7 @@
                         .memoryMib(minMemorySize())
                         .cpuTopology("match_host")
                         .protectedVm(mProtectedVm)
+                        .name("test_microdroid_boots")
                         .gki(mGki));
     }
 
@@ -940,6 +944,7 @@
                         .cpuTopology("match_host")
                         .protectedVm(mProtectedVm)
                         .gki(mGki)
+                        .name("test_microdroid_ram_usage")
                         .build(getAndroidDevice());
         mMicrodroidDevice.waitForBootComplete(BOOT_COMPLETE_TIMEOUT);
         mMicrodroidDevice.enableAdbRoot();
@@ -1205,6 +1210,7 @@
                         .protectedVm(mProtectedVm)
                         .gki(mGki)
                         .hugePages(true)
+                        .name("test_huge_pages")
                         .build(getAndroidDevice());
         mMicrodroidDevice.waitForBootComplete(BOOT_COMPLETE_TIMEOUT);
 
diff --git a/tests/pvmfw/helper/java/com/android/pvmfw/test/host/Pvmfw.java b/tests/pvmfw/helper/java/com/android/pvmfw/test/host/Pvmfw.java
index a77ba40..5ae5186 100644
--- a/tests/pvmfw/helper/java/com/android/pvmfw/test/host/Pvmfw.java
+++ b/tests/pvmfw/helper/java/com/android/pvmfw/test/host/Pvmfw.java
@@ -27,8 +27,8 @@
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
-import java.util.Objects;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.Objects;
 
 /** pvmfw.bin with custom config payloads on host. */
 public final class Pvmfw {
diff --git a/tests/pvmfw/java/com/android/pvmfw/test/DebugPolicyHostTests.java b/tests/pvmfw/java/com/android/pvmfw/test/DebugPolicyHostTests.java
index 2a6ab2d..7efbbc7 100644
--- a/tests/pvmfw/java/com/android/pvmfw/test/DebugPolicyHostTests.java
+++ b/tests/pvmfw/java/com/android/pvmfw/test/DebugPolicyHostTests.java
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@
 import com.android.tradefed.device.DeviceRuntimeException;
 import com.android.tradefed.device.ITestDevice;
 import com.android.tradefed.testtype.DeviceJUnit4ClassRunner;
-import com.android.tradefed.util.CommandStatus;
 import com.android.tradefed.util.CommandResult;
+import com.android.tradefed.util.CommandStatus;
 
 import org.junit.After;
 import org.junit.Before;
diff --git a/tests/testapk/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/MicrodroidTests.java b/tests/testapk/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/MicrodroidTests.java
index 1465e73..7089b33 100644
--- a/tests/testapk/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/MicrodroidTests.java
+++ b/tests/testapk/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/MicrodroidTests.java
@@ -335,6 +335,7 @@
         testResults.assertNoException();
         assertThat(testResults.mAddInteger).isEqualTo(37 + 73);
     }
+
     @Test
     @CddTest(requirements = {"9.17/C-1-1"})
     public void autoCloseVm() throws Exception {
@@ -737,7 +738,6 @@
         VirtualMachineConfig.Builder otherOsBuilder =
                 newBaselineBuilder().setOs("microdroid_gki-android14-6.1");
         assertConfigCompatible(microdroidOsConfig, otherOsBuilder).isFalse();
-
     }
 
     private VirtualMachineConfig.Builder newBaselineBuilder() {
@@ -870,11 +870,12 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    @CddTest(requirements = {
-            "9.17/C-1-1",
-            "9.17/C-1-2",
-            "9.17/C-1-4",
-    })
+    @CddTest(
+            requirements = {
+                "9.17/C-1-1",
+                "9.17/C-1-2",
+                "9.17/C-1-4",
+            })
     public void createVmWithConfigRequiresPermission() throws Exception {
         assumeSupportedDevice();
         revokePermission(VirtualMachine.USE_CUSTOM_VIRTUAL_MACHINE_PERMISSION);
@@ -890,14 +891,16 @@
         SecurityException e =
                 assertThrows(
                         SecurityException.class, () -> runVmTestService(TAG, vm, (ts, tr) -> {}));
-        assertThat(e).hasMessageThat()
+        assertThat(e)
+                .hasMessageThat()
                 .contains("android.permission.USE_CUSTOM_VIRTUAL_MACHINE permission");
     }
 
     @Test
-    @CddTest(requirements = {
-            "9.17/C-1-1",
-    })
+    @CddTest(
+            requirements = {
+                "9.17/C-1-1",
+            })
     public void deleteVm() throws Exception {
         assumeSupportedDevice();
 
@@ -954,9 +957,10 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    @CddTest(requirements = {
-            "9.17/C-1-1",
-    })
+    @CddTest(
+            requirements = {
+                "9.17/C-1-1",
+            })
     public void validApkPathIsAccepted() throws Exception {
         assumeSupportedDevice();
 
@@ -989,10 +993,7 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    @CddTest(requirements = {
-            "9.17/C-1-1",
-            "9.17/C-2-1"
-    })
+    @CddTest(requirements = {"9.17/C-1-1", "9.17/C-2-1"})
     public void extraApk() throws Exception {
         assumeSupportedDevice();
 
@@ -1044,7 +1045,7 @@
 
     @Test
     public void bootFailsWhenLowMem() throws Exception {
-        for (int memMib : new int[]{ 10, 20, 40 }) {
+        for (int memMib : new int[] {10, 20, 40}) {
             VirtualMachineConfig lowMemConfig =
                     newVmConfigBuilderWithPayloadBinary("MicrodroidTestNativeLib.so")
                             .setMemoryBytes(memMib)
@@ -1061,8 +1062,9 @@
                             onPayloadReadyExecuted.complete(true);
                             super.onPayloadReady(vm);
                         }
+
                         @Override
-                        public void onStopped(VirtualMachine vm,  int reason) {
+                        public void onStopped(VirtualMachine vm, int reason) {
                             onStoppedExecuted.complete(true);
                             super.onStopped(vm, reason);
                         }
@@ -1210,10 +1212,7 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    @CddTest(requirements = {
-            "9.17/C-1-1",
-            "9.17/C-2-7"
-    })
+    @CddTest(requirements = {"9.17/C-1-1", "9.17/C-2-7"})
     public void instancesOfSameVmHaveDifferentCdis() throws Exception {
         assumeSupportedDevice();
         // TODO(b/325094712): VMs on CF with same payload have the same secret. This is because
@@ -1240,10 +1239,7 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    @CddTest(requirements = {
-            "9.17/C-1-1",
-            "9.17/C-2-7"
-    })
+    @CddTest(requirements = {"9.17/C-1-1", "9.17/C-2-7"})
     public void sameInstanceKeepsSameCdis() throws Exception {
         assumeSupportedDevice();
         assume().withMessage("Skip on CF. Too Slow. b/257270529").that(isCuttlefish()).isFalse();
@@ -1298,7 +1294,7 @@
                 // then pvmfw, vm_entry (Microdroid kernel) and Microdroid payload entries.
                 // Before Android V we did not require that vendor code contain any DICE entries
                 // preceding pvmfw, so the minimum is one less.
-                int minDiceChainSize = getVendorApiLevel() >= 202404 ? 5 : 4;
+                int minDiceChainSize = getVendorApiLevel() > 202404 ? 5 : 4;
                 assertThat(diceChainSize).isAtLeast(minDiceChainSize);
             } else {
                 // pvmfw truncates the DICE chain it gets, so we expect exactly entries for
@@ -1339,10 +1335,7 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    @CddTest(requirements = {
-            "9.17/C-1-1",
-            "9.17/C-1-2"
-    })
+    @CddTest(requirements = {"9.17/C-1-1", "9.17/C-1-2"})
     public void accessToCdisIsRestricted() throws Exception {
         assumeSupportedDevice();
 
@@ -1399,8 +1392,7 @@
 
     private void assertThatPartitionIsMissing(UUID partitionUuid) throws Exception {
         RandomAccessFile instanceFile = prepareInstanceImage("test_vm_integrity");
-        assertThat(findPartitionDataOffset(instanceFile, partitionUuid).isPresent())
-                .isFalse();
+        assertThat(findPartitionDataOffset(instanceFile, partitionUuid).isPresent()).isFalse();
     }
 
     // Flips a bit of given partition, and then see if boot fails.
@@ -1420,10 +1412,7 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    @CddTest(requirements = {
-            "9.17/C-1-1",
-            "9.17/C-2-7"
-    })
+    @CddTest(requirements = {"9.17/C-1-1", "9.17/C-2-7"})
     public void bootFailsWhenMicrodroidDataIsCompromised() throws Exception {
         // If Updatable VM is supported => No instance.img required
         assumeNoUpdatableVmSupport();
@@ -1431,10 +1420,7 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    @CddTest(requirements = {
-            "9.17/C-1-1",
-            "9.17/C-2-7"
-    })
+    @CddTest(requirements = {"9.17/C-1-1", "9.17/C-2-7"})
     public void bootFailsWhenPvmFwDataIsCompromised() throws Exception {
         // If Updatable VM is supported => No instance.img required
         assumeNoUpdatableVmSupport();
@@ -1456,8 +1442,8 @@
 
         BootResult bootResult = tryBootVmWithConfig(config, "test_vm_invalid_config");
         assertThat(bootResult.payloadStarted).isFalse();
-        assertThat(bootResult.deathReason).isEqualTo(
-                VirtualMachineCallback.STOP_REASON_MICRODROID_INVALID_PAYLOAD_CONFIG);
+        assertThat(bootResult.deathReason)
+                .isEqualTo(VirtualMachineCallback.STOP_REASON_MICRODROID_INVALID_PAYLOAD_CONFIG);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -2143,7 +2129,6 @@
         IVmShareTestService service = connection.waitForService();
         assertWithMessage("Timed out connecting to " + serviceIntent).that(service).isNotNull();
 
-
         try {
             ITestService testServiceProxy = transferAndStartVm(service, vmDesc, "vm_to_share");
 
@@ -2627,16 +2612,15 @@
     }
 
     private long minMemoryRequired() {
-      assertThat(Build.SUPPORTED_ABIS).isNotEmpty();
-      String primaryAbi = Build.SUPPORTED_ABIS[0];
-      switch (primaryAbi) {
-        case "x86_64":
-          return MIN_MEM_X86_64;
-        case "arm64-v8a":
-        case "arm64-v8a-hwasan":
-          return MIN_MEM_ARM64;
-      }
-      throw new AssertionError("Unsupported ABI: " + primaryAbi);
+        assertThat(Build.SUPPORTED_ABIS).isNotEmpty();
+        String primaryAbi = Build.SUPPORTED_ABIS[0];
+        switch (primaryAbi) {
+            case "x86_64":
+                return MIN_MEM_X86_64;
+            case "arm64-v8a":
+            case "arm64-v8a-hwasan":
+                return MIN_MEM_ARM64;
+        }
+        throw new AssertionError("Unsupported ABI: " + primaryAbi);
     }
-
 }
diff --git a/tests/testapk_no_perm/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/MicrodroidTestAppNoPerm.java b/tests/testapk_no_perm/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/MicrodroidTestAppNoPerm.java
index 1772e6b..27e26e5 100644
--- a/tests/testapk_no_perm/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/MicrodroidTestAppNoPerm.java
+++ b/tests/testapk_no_perm/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/MicrodroidTestAppNoPerm.java
@@ -16,18 +16,19 @@
 
 package com.android.microdroid.test;
 
+import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+
 import android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineConfig;
 
 import com.android.compatibility.common.util.CddTest;
 import com.android.microdroid.test.device.MicrodroidDeviceTestBase;
 
-import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
-import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
-
 import org.junit.Before;
-import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
 import org.junit.Test;
 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
 
 /**
  * Test that the android.permission.MANAGE_VIRTUAL_MACHINE is enforced and that an app cannot launch
diff --git a/tests/vmshareapp/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/sharevm/VmShareServiceImpl.java b/tests/vmshareapp/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/sharevm/VmShareServiceImpl.java
index 109486c..9f606e5 100644
--- a/tests/vmshareapp/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/sharevm/VmShareServiceImpl.java
+++ b/tests/vmshareapp/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/sharevm/VmShareServiceImpl.java
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.microdroid.test.vmshare.IVmShareTestService;
-import com.android.microdroid.testservice.ITestService;
 import com.android.microdroid.testservice.IAppCallback;
+import com.android.microdroid.testservice.ITestService;
 
 import java.util.UUID;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;