diff --git a/javalib/api/system-current.txt b/javalib/api/system-current.txt
index d802177..ea2d23e 100644
--- a/javalib/api/system-current.txt
+++ b/javalib/api/system-current.txt
@@ -1 +1,109 @@
 // Signature format: 2.0
+package android.system.virtualmachine {
+
+  public class VirtualMachine implements java.lang.AutoCloseable {
+    method public void clearCallback();
+    method public void close() throws android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineException;
+    method @NonNull public android.os.IBinder connectToVsockServer(int) throws android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineException;
+    method @NonNull public android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor connectVsock(int) throws android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineException;
+    method public int getCid() throws android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineException;
+    method @NonNull public android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineConfig getConfig();
+    method @NonNull public java.io.InputStream getConsoleOutput() throws android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineException;
+    method @NonNull public java.io.InputStream getLogOutput() throws android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineException;
+    method @NonNull public String getName();
+    method public int getStatus();
+    method @RequiresPermission(android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachine.MANAGE_VIRTUAL_MACHINE_PERMISSION) public void run() throws android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineException;
+    method public void setCallback(@NonNull java.util.concurrent.Executor, @NonNull android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineCallback);
+    method @NonNull public android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineConfig setConfig(@NonNull android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineConfig) throws android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineException;
+    method public void stop() throws android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineException;
+    method @NonNull public android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineDescriptor toDescriptor() throws android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineException;
+    field public static final String MANAGE_VIRTUAL_MACHINE_PERMISSION = "android.permission.MANAGE_VIRTUAL_MACHINE";
+    field public static final int STATUS_DELETED = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int STATUS_RUNNING = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int STATUS_STOPPED = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final String USE_CUSTOM_VIRTUAL_MACHINE_PERMISSION = "android.permission.USE_CUSTOM_VIRTUAL_MACHINE";
+  }
+
+  public interface VirtualMachineCallback {
+    method public void onError(@NonNull android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachine, int, @NonNull String);
+    method public void onPayloadFinished(@NonNull android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachine, int);
+    method public void onPayloadReady(@NonNull android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachine);
+    method public void onPayloadStarted(@NonNull android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachine);
+    method public void onRamdump(@NonNull android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachine, @NonNull android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor);
+    method public void onStopped(@NonNull android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachine, int);
+    field public static final int ERROR_PAYLOAD_CHANGED = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int ERROR_PAYLOAD_INVALID_CONFIG = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int ERROR_PAYLOAD_VERIFICATION_FAILED = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int ERROR_UNKNOWN = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_BOOTLOADER_INSTANCE_IMAGE_CHANGED = 10; // 0xa
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_BOOTLOADER_PUBLIC_KEY_MISMATCH = 9; // 0x9
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_CRASH = 6; // 0x6
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_ERROR = 4; // 0x4
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_HANGUP = 16; // 0x10
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_INFRASTRUCTURE_ERROR = 0; // 0x0
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_KILLED = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_MICRODROID_FAILED_TO_CONNECT_TO_VIRTUALIZATION_SERVICE = 11; // 0xb
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_MICRODROID_INVALID_PAYLOAD_CONFIG = 14; // 0xe
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_MICRODROID_PAYLOAD_HAS_CHANGED = 12; // 0xc
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_MICRODROID_PAYLOAD_VERIFICATION_FAILED = 13; // 0xd
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_MICRODROID_UNKNOWN_RUNTIME_ERROR = 15; // 0xf
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_PVM_FIRMWARE_INSTANCE_IMAGE_CHANGED = 8; // 0x8
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_PVM_FIRMWARE_PUBLIC_KEY_MISMATCH = 7; // 0x7
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_REBOOT = 5; // 0x5
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_SHUTDOWN = 3; // 0x3
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_UNKNOWN = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int STOP_REASON_VIRTUALIZATION_SERVICE_DIED = -1; // 0xffffffff
+  }
+
+  public final class VirtualMachineConfig {
+    method @NonNull public String getApkPath();
+    method @NonNull public int getDebugLevel();
+    method @IntRange(from=0) public int getMemoryMib();
+    method @IntRange(from=1) public int getNumCpus();
+    method @Nullable public String getPayloadBinaryPath();
+    method @Nullable public String getPayloadConfigPath();
+    method public boolean isCompatibleWith(@NonNull android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineConfig);
+    method public boolean isProtectedVm();
+    field public static final int DEBUG_LEVEL_APP_ONLY = 1; // 0x1
+    field public static final int DEBUG_LEVEL_FULL = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int DEBUG_LEVEL_NONE = 0; // 0x0
+  }
+
+  public static final class VirtualMachineConfig.Builder {
+    ctor public VirtualMachineConfig.Builder(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method @NonNull public android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineConfig build();
+    method @NonNull public android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineConfig.Builder setApkPath(@NonNull String);
+    method @NonNull public android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineConfig.Builder setDebugLevel(int);
+    method @NonNull public android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineConfig.Builder setMemoryMib(@IntRange(from=0) int);
+    method @NonNull public android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineConfig.Builder setNumCpus(@IntRange(from=1) int);
+    method @NonNull public android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineConfig.Builder setPayloadBinaryPath(@NonNull String);
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachine.USE_CUSTOM_VIRTUAL_MACHINE_PERMISSION) public android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineConfig.Builder setPayloadConfigPath(@NonNull String);
+    method @NonNull public android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineConfig.Builder setProtectedVm(boolean);
+  }
+
+  public final class VirtualMachineDescriptor implements android.os.Parcelable {
+    method public int describeContents();
+    method public void writeToParcel(@NonNull android.os.Parcel, int);
+    field @NonNull public static final android.os.Parcelable.Creator<android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineDescriptor> CREATOR;
+  }
+
+  public class VirtualMachineException extends java.lang.Exception {
+    ctor public VirtualMachineException(@Nullable String);
+    ctor public VirtualMachineException(@Nullable String, @Nullable Throwable);
+    ctor public VirtualMachineException(@Nullable Throwable);
+  }
+
+  public class VirtualMachineManager {
+    method @NonNull @RequiresPermission(android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachine.MANAGE_VIRTUAL_MACHINE_PERMISSION) public android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachine create(@NonNull String, @NonNull android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineConfig) throws android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineException;
+    method public void delete(@NonNull String) throws android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineException;
+    method @Nullable public android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachine get(@NonNull String) throws android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineException;
+    method public int getCapabilities();
+    method @NonNull public static android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineManager getInstance(@NonNull android.content.Context);
+    method @NonNull public android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachine getOrCreate(@NonNull String, @NonNull android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineConfig) throws android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineException;
+    method @NonNull public android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachine importFromDescriptor(@NonNull String, @NonNull android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineDescriptor) throws android.system.virtualmachine.VirtualMachineException;
+    field public static final int CAPABILITY_NON_PROTECTED_VM = 2; // 0x2
+    field public static final int CAPABILITY_PROTECTED_VM = 1; // 0x1
+  }
+
+}
+
diff --git a/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachine.java b/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachine.java
index 4435576..193d213 100644
--- a/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachine.java
+++ b/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachine.java
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.os.Binder;
 import android.os.IBinder;
@@ -94,14 +95,15 @@
 /**
  * Represents an VM instance, with its own configuration and state. Instances are persistent and are
  * created or retrieved via {@link VirtualMachineManager}.
- * <p>
- * The {@link #run} method actually starts up the VM and allows the payload code to execute. It
- * will continue until it exits or {@link #stop} is called. Updates on the state of the VM can
- * be received using {@link #setCallback}. The app can communicate with the VM using
- * {@link #connectToVsockServer} or {@link #connectVsock}.
+ *
+ * <p>The {@link #run} method actually starts up the VM and allows the payload code to execute. It
+ * will continue until it exits or {@link #stop} is called. Updates on the state of the VM can be
+ * received using {@link #setCallback}. The app can communicate with the VM using {@link
+ * #connectToVsockServer} or {@link #connectVsock}.
  *
  * @hide
  */
+@SystemApi
 public class VirtualMachine implements AutoCloseable {
     /** Name of the directory under the files directory where all VMs created for the app exist. */
     private static final String VM_DIR = "vm";
@@ -379,9 +381,8 @@
     void delete(Context context, String name) throws VirtualMachineException {
         synchronized (mLock) {
             checkStopped();
+            deleteVmDirectory(context, name);
         }
-
-        deleteVmDirectory(context, name);
     }
 
     static void deleteVmDirectory(Context context, String name) throws VirtualMachineException {
@@ -425,6 +426,7 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @NonNull
     public String getName() {
         return mName;
@@ -439,6 +441,7 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @NonNull
     public VirtualMachineConfig getConfig() {
         synchronized (mLock) {
@@ -451,6 +454,7 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @Status
     public int getStatus() {
         IVirtualMachine virtualMachine;
@@ -525,7 +529,9 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
-    public void setCallback(@NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
+    @SystemApi
+    public void setCallback(
+            @NonNull @CallbackExecutor Executor executor,
             @NonNull VirtualMachineCallback callback) {
         synchronized (mCallbackLock) {
             mCallback = callback;
@@ -538,6 +544,7 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public void clearCallback() {
         synchronized (mCallbackLock) {
             mCallback = null;
@@ -571,9 +578,10 @@
      * calling {@code run()}.
      *
      * @throws VirtualMachineException if the virtual machine is not stopped or could not be
-     *         started.
+     *     started.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @RequiresPermission(MANAGE_VIRTUAL_MACHINE_PERMISSION)
     public void run() throws VirtualMachineException {
         synchronized (mLock) {
@@ -717,6 +725,7 @@
      * @throws VirtualMachineException if the stream could not be created.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @NonNull
     public InputStream getConsoleOutput() throws VirtualMachineException {
         synchronized (mLock) {
@@ -731,6 +740,7 @@
      * @throws VirtualMachineException if the stream could not be created.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @NonNull
     public InputStream getLogOutput() throws VirtualMachineException {
         synchronized (mLock) {
@@ -742,12 +752,12 @@
     /**
      * Stops this virtual machine. Stopping a virtual machine is like pulling the plug on a real
      * computer; the machine halts immediately. Software running on the virtual machine is not
-     * notified of the event. A stopped virtual machine can be re-started by calling {@link
-     * #run()}.
+     * notified of the event. A stopped virtual machine can be re-started by calling {@link #run()}.
      *
      * @throws VirtualMachineException if the virtual machine could not be stopped.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public void stop() throws VirtualMachineException {
         synchronized (mLock) {
             if (mVirtualMachine == null) {
@@ -770,6 +780,7 @@
      * @throws VirtualMachineException if the virtual machine could not be stopped.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @Override
     public void close() throws VirtualMachineException {
         stop();
@@ -802,6 +813,7 @@
      * @throws VirtualMachineException if the virtual machine is not running.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public int getCid() throws VirtualMachineException {
         synchronized (mLock) {
             try {
@@ -817,14 +829,15 @@
      * like the number of CPU and size of the RAM, depending on the situation (e.g. the size of the
      * application to run on the virtual machine, etc.)
      *
-     * The new config must be {@link VirtualMachineConfig#isCompatibleWith compatible with} the
+     * <p>The new config must be {@link VirtualMachineConfig#isCompatibleWith compatible with} the
      * existing config.
      *
      * @return the old config
      * @throws VirtualMachineException if the virtual machine is not stopped, or the new config is
-     *         incompatible.
+     *     incompatible.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @NonNull
     public VirtualMachineConfig setConfig(@NonNull VirtualMachineConfig newConfig)
             throws VirtualMachineException {
@@ -834,6 +847,10 @@
                 throw new VirtualMachineException("incompatible config");
             }
             checkStopped();
+
+            // Delete any existing file before recreating; that ensures any VirtualMachineDescriptor
+            // that refers to the old file does not see the new config.
+            mConfigFilePath.delete();
             newConfig.serialize(mConfigFilePath);
             mConfig = newConfig;
             return oldConfig;
@@ -846,13 +863,14 @@
     /**
      * Connect to a VM's binder service via vsock and return the root IBinder object. Guest VMs are
      * expected to set up vsock servers in their payload. After the host app receives the {@link
-     * VirtualMachineCallback#onPayloadReady(VirtualMachine)}, it can use this method to
-     * establish a connection to the guest VM.
+     * VirtualMachineCallback#onPayloadReady(VirtualMachine)}, it can use this method to establish a
+     * connection to the guest VM.
      *
      * @throws VirtualMachineException if the virtual machine is not running or the connection
-     *         failed.
+     *     failed.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @NonNull
     public IBinder connectToVsockServer(int port) throws VirtualMachineException {
         synchronized (mLock) {
@@ -870,6 +888,7 @@
      * @throws VirtualMachineException if connecting fails.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @NonNull
     public ParcelFileDescriptor connectVsock(int port) throws VirtualMachineException {
         synchronized (mLock) {
@@ -887,22 +906,27 @@
      * Captures the current state of the VM in a {@link VirtualMachineDescriptor} instance. The VM
      * needs to be stopped to avoid inconsistency in its state representation.
      *
+     * <p>The state of the VM is not actually copied until {@link
+     * VirtualMachineManager#importFromDescriptor} is called. It is recommended that the VM not be
+     * started until that operation is complete.
+     *
      * @return a {@link VirtualMachineDescriptor} instance that represents the VM's state.
      * @throws VirtualMachineException if the virtual machine is not stopped, or the state could not
      *     be captured.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @NonNull
     public VirtualMachineDescriptor toDescriptor() throws VirtualMachineException {
         synchronized (mLock) {
             checkStopped();
-        }
-        try {
-            return new VirtualMachineDescriptor(
-                    ParcelFileDescriptor.open(mConfigFilePath, MODE_READ_ONLY),
-                    ParcelFileDescriptor.open(mInstanceFilePath, MODE_READ_ONLY));
-        } catch (IOException e) {
-            throw new VirtualMachineException(e);
+            try {
+                return new VirtualMachineDescriptor(
+                        ParcelFileDescriptor.open(mConfigFilePath, MODE_READ_ONLY),
+                        ParcelFileDescriptor.open(mInstanceFilePath, MODE_READ_ONLY));
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new VirtualMachineException(e);
+            }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineCallback.java b/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineCallback.java
index 1f94a8b..f3c4831 100644
--- a/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineCallback.java
+++ b/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineCallback.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
 
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
@@ -30,7 +31,8 @@
  *
  * @hide
  */
-@SuppressLint("CallbackInterface")  // Guidance has changed, lint is out of date (b/245552641)
+@SystemApi
+@SuppressLint("CallbackInterface") // Guidance has changed, lint is out of date (b/245552641)
 public interface VirtualMachineCallback {
     /** @hide */
     @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
diff --git a/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineConfig.java b/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineConfig.java
index a660306..8678b99 100644
--- a/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineConfig.java
+++ b/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineConfig.java
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
 import android.os.PersistableBundle;
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@
  *
  * @hide
  */
+@SystemApi
 public final class VirtualMachineConfig {
     // These define the schema of the config file persisted on disk.
     private static final int VERSION = 2;
@@ -76,12 +78,12 @@
     public @interface DebugLevel {}
 
     /**
-     * Not debuggable at all. No log is exported from the VM. Debugger can't be attached to the
-     * app process running in the VM. This is the default level.
+     * Not debuggable at all. No log is exported from the VM. Debugger can't be attached to the app
+     * process running in the VM. This is the default level.
      *
      * @hide
      */
-    public static final int DEBUG_LEVEL_NONE = 0;
+    @SystemApi public static final int DEBUG_LEVEL_NONE = 0;
 
     /**
      * Only the app is debuggable. Log from the app is exported from the VM. Debugger can be
@@ -89,7 +91,7 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
-    public static final int DEBUG_LEVEL_APP_ONLY = 1;
+    @SystemApi public static final int DEBUG_LEVEL_APP_ONLY = 1;
 
     /**
      * Fully debuggable. All logs (both logcat and kernel message) are exported. All processes
@@ -97,7 +99,7 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
-    public static final int DEBUG_LEVEL_FULL = 2;
+    @SystemApi public static final int DEBUG_LEVEL_FULL = 2;
 
     @DebugLevel private final int mDebugLevel;
 
@@ -270,28 +272,31 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @NonNull
     public String getApkPath() {
         return mApkPath;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the path within the APK to the payload config file that defines software aspects
-     * of the VM.
+     * Returns the path within the APK to the payload config file that defines software aspects of
+     * the VM.
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi // TODO(b/243512115): Switch back to @TestApi
     @Nullable
     public String getPayloadConfigPath() {
         return mPayloadConfigPath;
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the path within the {@code lib/<ABI>} directory of the APK to the payload binary
-     * file that will be executed within the VM.
+     * Returns the path within the {@code lib/<ABI>} directory of the APK to the payload binary file
+     * that will be executed within the VM.
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @Nullable
     public String getPayloadBinaryPath() {
         return mPayloadBinaryPath;
@@ -302,6 +307,7 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @NonNull
     @DebugLevel
     public int getDebugLevel() {
@@ -313,6 +319,7 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public boolean isProtectedVm() {
         return mProtectedVm;
     }
@@ -322,6 +329,7 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @IntRange(from = 0)
     public int getMemoryMib() {
         return mMemoryMib;
@@ -332,6 +340,7 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @IntRange(from = 1)
     public int getNumCpus() {
         return mNumCpus;
@@ -345,6 +354,7 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public boolean isCompatibleWith(@NonNull VirtualMachineConfig other) {
         return this.mDebugLevel == other.mDebugLevel
                 && this.mProtectedVm == other.mProtectedVm
@@ -397,6 +407,7 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public static final class Builder {
         private final Context mContext;
         @Nullable private String mApkPath;
@@ -413,6 +424,7 @@
          *
          * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         public Builder(@NonNull Context context) {
             mContext = requireNonNull(context, "context must not be null");
             mDebugLevel = DEBUG_LEVEL_NONE;
@@ -424,6 +436,7 @@
          *
          * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         @NonNull
         public VirtualMachineConfig build() {
             String apkPath = (mApkPath == null) ? mContext.getPackageCodePath() : mApkPath;
@@ -443,6 +456,7 @@
          *
          * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         @NonNull
         public Builder setApkPath(@NonNull String apkPath) {
             mApkPath = requireNonNull(apkPath);
@@ -450,13 +464,14 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Sets the path within the APK to the payload config file that defines software aspects
-         * of the VM. The file is a JSON file; see
+         * Sets the path within the APK to the payload config file that defines software aspects of
+         * the VM. The file is a JSON file; see
          * packages/modules/Virtualization/microdroid/payload/config/src/lib.rs for the format.
          *
          * @hide
          */
         @RequiresPermission(VirtualMachine.USE_CUSTOM_VIRTUAL_MACHINE_PERMISSION)
+        @SystemApi // TODO(b/243512115): Switch to @TestApi
         @NonNull
         public Builder setPayloadConfigPath(@NonNull String payloadConfigPath) {
             mPayloadConfigPath = requireNonNull(payloadConfigPath);
@@ -469,6 +484,7 @@
          *
          * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         @NonNull
         public Builder setPayloadBinaryPath(@NonNull String payloadBinaryPath) {
             mPayloadBinaryPath = requireNonNull(payloadBinaryPath);
@@ -480,6 +496,7 @@
          *
          * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         @NonNull
         public Builder setDebugLevel(@DebugLevel int debugLevel) {
             mDebugLevel = debugLevel;
@@ -487,12 +504,13 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Sets whether to protect the VM memory from the host. No default is provided, this
-         * must be set explicitly.
+         * Sets whether to protect the VM memory from the host. No default is provided, this must be
+         * set explicitly.
          *
          * @see VirtualMachineManager#getCapabilities
          * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         @NonNull
         public Builder setProtectedVm(boolean protectedVm) {
             mProtectedVm = protectedVm;
@@ -501,11 +519,12 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Sets the amount of RAM to give the VM, in mebibytes. If zero or not explicitly set
-         * than a default size will be used.
+         * Sets the amount of RAM to give the VM, in mebibytes. If zero or not explicitly set then a
+         * default size will be used.
          *
          * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         @NonNull
         public Builder setMemoryMib(@IntRange(from = 0) int memoryMib) {
             mMemoryMib = memoryMib;
@@ -513,11 +532,12 @@
         }
 
         /**
-         * Sets the number of vCPUs in the VM. Defaults to 1. Cannot be more than the number of
-         * real CPUs (as returned by {@link Runtime#availableProcessors()}).
+         * Sets the number of vCPUs in the VM. Defaults to 1. Cannot be more than the number of real
+         * CPUs (as returned by {@link Runtime#availableProcessors()}).
          *
          * @hide
          */
+        @SystemApi
         @NonNull
         public Builder setNumCpus(@IntRange(from = 1) int num) {
             mNumCpus = num;
diff --git a/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineDescriptor.java b/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineDescriptor.java
index b51cbce..edaf5b4 100644
--- a/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineDescriptor.java
+++ b/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineDescriptor.java
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 import static java.util.Objects.requireNonNull;
 
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@
  *
  * @hide
  */
+@SystemApi
 public final class VirtualMachineDescriptor implements Parcelable {
     @NonNull private final ParcelFileDescriptor mConfigFd;
     @NonNull private final ParcelFileDescriptor mInstanceImgFd;
diff --git a/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineException.java b/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineException.java
index 828775a..985eb70 100644
--- a/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineException.java
+++ b/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineException.java
@@ -17,12 +17,14 @@
 package android.system.virtualmachine;
 
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 
 /**
  * Exception thrown when operations on virtual machines fail.
  *
  * @hide
  */
+@SystemApi
 public class VirtualMachineException extends Exception {
     public VirtualMachineException(@Nullable String message) {
         super(message);
diff --git a/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineManager.java b/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineManager.java
index 0e96f43..a520ab4 100644
--- a/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineManager.java
+++ b/javalib/src/android/system/virtualmachine/VirtualMachineManager.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 import android.annotation.Nullable;
 import android.annotation.RequiresPermission;
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.annotation.SystemApi;
 import android.content.Context;
 import android.sysprop.HypervisorProperties;
 import android.util.ArrayMap;
@@ -37,16 +38,17 @@
 
 /**
  * Manages {@link VirtualMachine virtual machine} instances created by an app. Each instance is
- * created from a {@link VirtualMachineConfig configuration} that defines the shape of the VM
- * (RAM, CPUs), the code to execute within it, etc.
- * <p>
- * Each virtual machine instance is named; the configuration and related state of each is
+ * created from a {@link VirtualMachineConfig configuration} that defines the shape of the VM (RAM,
+ * CPUs), the code to execute within it, etc.
+ *
+ * <p>Each virtual machine instance is named; the configuration and related state of each is
  * persisted in the app's private data directory and an instance can be retrieved given the name.
- * <p>
- * The app can then start, stop and otherwise interact with the VM.
+ *
+ * <p>The app can then start, stop and otherwise interact with the VM.
  *
  * @hide
  */
+@SystemApi
 public class VirtualMachineManager {
     /**
      * A lock used to synchronize the creation of virtual machines. It protects {@link #mVmsByName},
@@ -95,8 +97,9 @@
      *
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @NonNull
-    @SuppressLint("ManagerLookup") // Optional API
+    @SuppressLint("ManagerLookup") // TODO(b/249093790): remove
     public static VirtualMachineManager getInstance(@NonNull Context context) {
         requireNonNull(context, "context must not be null");
         synchronized (sInstances) {
@@ -117,6 +120,7 @@
      * @see #CAPABILITY_NON_PROTECTED_VM
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @Capability
     public int getCapabilities() {
         @Capability int result = 0;
@@ -134,18 +138,18 @@
      * machine with the same name as an existing virtual machine is an error. The existing virtual
      * machine has to be deleted before its name can be reused.
      *
-     * Each successful call to this method creates a new (and different) virtual machine even if the
-     * name and the config are the same as a deleted one. The new virtual machine will initially
+     * <p>Each successful call to this method creates a new (and different) virtual machine even if
+     * the name and the config are the same as a deleted one. The new virtual machine will initially
      * be stopped.
      *
      * @throws VirtualMachineException if the VM cannot be created, or there is an existing VM with
-     *         the given name.
+     *     the given name.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @NonNull
     @RequiresPermission(VirtualMachine.MANAGE_VIRTUAL_MACHINE_PERMISSION)
-    public VirtualMachine create(
-            @NonNull String name, @NonNull VirtualMachineConfig config)
+    public VirtualMachine create(@NonNull String name, @NonNull VirtualMachineConfig config)
             throws VirtualMachineException {
         synchronized (sCreateLock) {
             return createLocked(name, config);
@@ -169,6 +173,7 @@
      *     retrieved.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @Nullable
     public VirtualMachine get(@NonNull String name) throws VirtualMachineException {
         synchronized (sCreateLock) {
@@ -199,6 +204,7 @@
      * @hide
      */
     @NonNull
+    @SystemApi
     public VirtualMachine importFromDescriptor(
             @NonNull String name, @NonNull VirtualMachineDescriptor vmDescriptor)
             throws VirtualMachineException {
@@ -216,9 +222,9 @@
      * @throws VirtualMachineException if the virtual machine could not be created or retrieved.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     @NonNull
-    public VirtualMachine getOrCreate(
-            @NonNull String name, @NonNull VirtualMachineConfig config)
+    public VirtualMachine getOrCreate(@NonNull String name, @NonNull VirtualMachineConfig config)
             throws VirtualMachineException {
         synchronized (sCreateLock) {
             VirtualMachine vm = getLocked(name);
@@ -237,10 +243,11 @@
      * with the same name is different from an already deleted virtual machine even if it has the
      * same config.
      *
-     * @throws VirtualMachineException if the virtual machine does not exist, is not stopped,
-     *                                 or cannot be deleted.
+     * @throws VirtualMachineException if the virtual machine does not exist, is not stopped, or
+     *     cannot be deleted.
      * @hide
      */
+    @SystemApi
     public void delete(@NonNull String name) throws VirtualMachineException {
         synchronized (sCreateLock) {
             VirtualMachine vm = getVmByName(name);