diff --git a/authfs/fd_server/src/aidl.rs b/authfs/fd_server/src/aidl.rs
index 3a3cdb2..0e8952e 100644
--- a/authfs/fd_server/src/aidl.rs
+++ b/authfs/fd_server/src/aidl.rs
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@
 use authfs_fsverity_metadata::{
     get_fsverity_metadata_path, parse_fsverity_metadata, FSVerityMetadata,
 };
-use binder_common::{new_binder_exception, new_binder_service_specific_error};
 
 /// Bitflags of forbidden file mode, e.g. setuid, setgid and sticky bit.
 const FORBIDDEN_MODES: Mode = Mode::from_bits_truncate(!0o777);
@@ -107,9 +106,12 @@
             entry.insert(new_fd_config);
             Ok(new_fd)
         } else {
-            Err(new_binder_exception(
+            Err(Status::new_exception_str(
                 ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_STATE,
-                format!("The newly created FD {} is already in the pool unexpectedly", new_fd),
+                Some(format!(
+                    "The newly created FD {} is already in the pool unexpectedly",
+                    new_fd
+                )),
             ))
         }
     }
@@ -173,9 +175,9 @@
                     if let Some(signature) = &metadata.signature {
                         Ok(signature.clone())
                     } else {
-                        Err(new_binder_exception(
-                            ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                            "metadata doesn't contain a signature",
+                        Err(Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                            -1,
+                            Some("metadata doesn't contain a signature"),
                         ))
                     }
                 } else {
@@ -395,7 +397,7 @@
 }
 
 fn new_errno_error(errno: Errno) -> Status {
-    new_binder_service_specific_error(errno as i32, errno.desc())
+    Status::new_service_specific_error_str(errno as i32, Some(errno.desc()))
 }
 
 fn open_readonly_at(dir_fd: RawFd, path: &Path) -> nix::Result<File> {
diff --git a/authfs/service/Android.bp b/authfs/service/Android.bp
index 6c32c67..943db35 100644
--- a/authfs/service/Android.bp
+++ b/authfs/service/Android.bp
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
         "authfs_aidl_interface-rust",
         "libandroid_logger",
         "libanyhow",
-        "libbinder_common",
         "libbinder_rs",
         "liblibc",
         "liblog_rust",
diff --git a/authfs/service/src/authfs.rs b/authfs/service/src/authfs.rs
index c941360..547d15d 100644
--- a/authfs/service/src/authfs.rs
+++ b/authfs/service/src/authfs.rs
@@ -32,9 +32,8 @@
 };
 use authfs_aidl_interface::aidl::com::android::virt::fs::IAuthFs::{BnAuthFs, IAuthFs};
 use authfs_aidl_interface::binder::{
-    self, BinderFeatures, ExceptionCode, Interface, ParcelFileDescriptor, Strong,
+    self, BinderFeatures, Interface, ParcelFileDescriptor, Status, Strong,
 };
-use binder_common::new_binder_exception;
 
 const AUTHFS_BIN: &str = "/system/bin/authfs";
 const AUTHFS_SETUP_POLL_INTERVAL_MS: Duration = Duration::from_millis(50);
@@ -60,9 +59,9 @@
         let mut path = PathBuf::from(&self.mountpoint);
         path.push(remote_fd_name.to_string());
         let file = OpenOptions::new().read(true).write(writable).open(&path).map_err(|e| {
-            new_binder_exception(
-                ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                format!("failed to open {:?} on authfs: {}", &path, e),
+            Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                -1,
+                Some(format!("failed to open {:?} on authfs: {}", &path, e)),
             )
         })?;
         Ok(ParcelFileDescriptor::new(file))
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@
         if let Some(s) = self.mountpoint.to_str() {
             Ok(s.to_string())
         } else {
-            Err(new_binder_exception(ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC, "Bad string encoding"))
+            Err(Status::new_service_specific_error_str(-1, Some("Bad string encoding")))
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/authfs/service/src/main.rs b/authfs/service/src/main.rs
index 890e108..fe8af61 100644
--- a/authfs/service/src/main.rs
+++ b/authfs/service/src/main.rs
@@ -34,9 +34,8 @@
     BnAuthFsService, IAuthFsService,
 };
 use authfs_aidl_interface::binder::{
-    self, add_service, BinderFeatures, ExceptionCode, Interface, ProcessState, Strong,
+    self, add_service, BinderFeatures, ExceptionCode, Interface, ProcessState, Status, Strong,
 };
-use binder_common::new_binder_exception;
 
 const SERVICE_NAME: &str = "authfs_service";
 const SERVICE_ROOT: &str = "/data/misc/authfs";
@@ -57,16 +56,16 @@
 
         // The directory is supposed to be deleted when `AuthFs` is dropped.
         create_dir(&mountpoint).map_err(|e| {
-            new_binder_exception(
-                ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                format!("Cannot create mount directory {:?}: {:?}", &mountpoint, e),
+            Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                -1,
+                Some(format!("Cannot create mount directory {:?}: {:?}", &mountpoint, e)),
             )
         })?;
 
         authfs::AuthFs::mount_and_wait(mountpoint, config, self.debuggable).map_err(|e| {
-            new_binder_exception(
-                ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                format!("mount_and_wait failed: {:?}", e),
+            Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                -1,
+                Some(format!("mount_and_wait failed: {:?}", e)),
             )
         })
     }
@@ -80,9 +79,9 @@
 
     fn validate(&self, config: &AuthFsConfig) -> binder::Result<()> {
         if config.port < 0 {
-            return Err(new_binder_exception(
+            return Err(Status::new_exception_str(
                 ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
-                format!("Invalid port: {}", config.port),
+                Some(format!("Invalid port: {}", config.port)),
             ));
         }
         Ok(())
diff --git a/compos/common/Android.bp b/compos/common/Android.bp
index 3c3397d..0773652 100644
--- a/compos/common/Android.bp
+++ b/compos/common/Android.bp
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@
         "android.system.virtualizationservice-rust",
         "compos_aidl_interface-rust",
         "libanyhow",
-        "libbinder_common",
         "liblazy_static",
         "liblog_rust",
         "libnested_virt",
diff --git a/compos/common/binder.rs b/compos/common/binder.rs
index 45139f3..59726c0 100644
--- a/compos/common/binder.rs
+++ b/compos/common/binder.rs
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@
 
 //! Helper for converting Error types to what Binder expects
 
-use android_system_virtualizationservice::binder::{ExceptionCode, Result as BinderResult};
-use binder_common::new_binder_exception;
+use android_system_virtualizationservice::binder::{Result as BinderResult, Status};
 use log::warn;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 
@@ -28,6 +27,6 @@
     result.map_err(|e| {
         let message = format!("{:?}", e);
         warn!("Returning binder error: {}", &message);
-        new_binder_exception(ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC, message)
+        Status::new_service_specific_error_str(-1, Some(message))
     })
 }
diff --git a/compos/src/compsvc.rs b/compos/src/compsvc.rs
index 5d58221..088d41a 100644
--- a/compos/src/compsvc.rs
+++ b/compos/src/compsvc.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
 //! actual compiler.
 
 use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
-use binder_common::new_binder_exception;
 use log::{error, info};
 use rustutils::system_properties;
 use std::default::Default;
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@
     BnCompOsService, CompilationMode::CompilationMode, ICompOsService,
 };
 use compos_aidl_interface::binder::{
-    BinderFeatures, ExceptionCode, Interface, Result as BinderResult, Strong,
+    BinderFeatures, ExceptionCode, Interface, Result as BinderResult, Status, Strong,
 };
 use compos_common::binder::to_binder_result;
 use compos_common::odrefresh::{is_system_property_interesting, ODREFRESH_PATH};
@@ -67,28 +66,28 @@
     fn initializeSystemProperties(&self, names: &[String], values: &[String]) -> BinderResult<()> {
         let mut initialized = self.initialized.write().unwrap();
         if initialized.is_some() {
-            return Err(new_binder_exception(
+            return Err(Status::new_exception_str(
                 ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_STATE,
-                format!("Already initialized: {:?}", initialized),
+                Some(format!("Already initialized: {:?}", initialized)),
             ));
         }
         *initialized = Some(false);
 
         if names.len() != values.len() {
-            return Err(new_binder_exception(
+            return Err(Status::new_exception_str(
                 ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
-                format!(
+                Some(format!(
                     "Received inconsistent number of keys ({}) and values ({})",
                     names.len(),
                     values.len()
-                ),
+                )),
             ));
         }
         for (name, value) in zip(names, values) {
             if !is_system_property_interesting(name) {
-                return Err(new_binder_exception(
+                return Err(Status::new_exception_str(
                     ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
-                    format!("Received invalid system property {}", &name),
+                    Some(format!("Received invalid system property {}", &name)),
                 ));
             }
             let result = system_properties::write(name, value);
@@ -113,9 +112,9 @@
     ) -> BinderResult<i8> {
         let initialized = *self.initialized.read().unwrap();
         if !initialized.unwrap_or(false) {
-            return Err(new_binder_exception(
+            return Err(Status::new_exception_str(
                 ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_STATE,
-                "Service has not been initialized",
+                Some("Service has not been initialized"),
             ));
         }
 
diff --git a/libs/binder_common/lib.rs b/libs/binder_common/lib.rs
index fd81da5..16812b4 100644
--- a/libs/binder_common/lib.rs
+++ b/libs/binder_common/lib.rs
@@ -19,24 +19,3 @@
 pub mod lazy_service;
 pub mod rpc_client;
 pub mod rpc_server;
-
-use binder::{ExceptionCode, Status};
-use std::ffi::CString;
-
-/// Constructs a new Binder error `Status` with the given `ExceptionCode` and message.
-pub fn new_binder_exception<T: AsRef<str>>(exception: ExceptionCode, message: T) -> Status {
-    match exception {
-        ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC => new_binder_service_specific_error(-1, message),
-        _ => Status::new_exception(exception, to_cstring(message).as_deref()),
-    }
-}
-
-/// Constructs a Binder `Status` representing a service-specific exception with the given code and
-/// message.
-pub fn new_binder_service_specific_error<T: AsRef<str>>(code: i32, message: T) -> Status {
-    Status::new_service_specific_error(code, to_cstring(message).as_deref())
-}
-
-fn to_cstring<T: AsRef<str>>(message: T) -> Option<CString> {
-    CString::new(message.as_ref()).ok()
-}
diff --git a/tests/benchmark/src/java/com/android/microdroid/benchmark/MicrodroidBenchmarks.java b/tests/benchmark/src/java/com/android/microdroid/benchmark/MicrodroidBenchmarks.java
index 90aac1e..f6e9a71 100644
--- a/tests/benchmark/src/java/com/android/microdroid/benchmark/MicrodroidBenchmarks.java
+++ b/tests/benchmark/src/java/com/android/microdroid/benchmark/MicrodroidBenchmarks.java
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@
 
         final int trialCount = 10;
 
+        List<Double> vmStartingTimeMetrics = new ArrayList<>();
         List<Double> bootTimeMetrics = new ArrayList<>();
         List<Double> bootloaderTimeMetrics = new ArrayList<>();
         List<Double> kernelBootTimeMetrics = new ArrayList<>();
@@ -139,13 +140,15 @@
             BootResult result = tryBootVm(TAG, "test_vm_boot_time");
             assertThat(result.payloadStarted).isTrue();
 
-            final Double nanoToMilli = 1000000.0;
+            final double nanoToMilli = 1000000.0;
+            vmStartingTimeMetrics.add(result.getVMStartingElapsedNanoTime() / nanoToMilli);
             bootTimeMetrics.add(result.endToEndNanoTime / nanoToMilli);
             bootloaderTimeMetrics.add(result.getBootloaderElapsedNanoTime() / nanoToMilli);
             kernelBootTimeMetrics.add(result.getKernelElapsedNanoTime() / nanoToMilli);
             userspaceBootTimeMetrics.add(result.getUserspaceElapsedNanoTime() / nanoToMilli);
         }
 
+        reportMetrics(vmStartingTimeMetrics,    "avf_perf/microdroid/vm_starting_time_",    "_ms");
         reportMetrics(bootTimeMetrics,          "avf_perf/microdroid/boot_time_",           "_ms");
         reportMetrics(bootloaderTimeMetrics,    "avf_perf/microdroid/bootloader_time_",     "_ms");
         reportMetrics(kernelBootTimeMetrics,    "avf_perf/microdroid/kernel_boot_time_",    "_ms");
diff --git a/tests/helper/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/MicrodroidDeviceTestBase.java b/tests/helper/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/MicrodroidDeviceTestBase.java
index 84e189a..efd7c85 100644
--- a/tests/helper/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/MicrodroidDeviceTestBase.java
+++ b/tests/helper/src/java/com/android/microdroid/test/MicrodroidDeviceTestBase.java
@@ -234,6 +234,7 @@
     public static class BootResult {
         public final boolean payloadStarted;
         public final int deathReason;
+        public final long apiCallNanoTime;
         public final long endToEndNanoTime;
 
         public final OptionalLong vcpuStartedNanoTime;
@@ -243,11 +244,13 @@
 
         BootResult(boolean payloadStarted,
                 int deathReason,
+                long apiCallNanoTime,
                 long endToEndNanoTime,
                 OptionalLong vcpuStartedNanoTime,
                 OptionalLong kernelStartedNanoTime,
                 OptionalLong initStartedNanoTime,
                 OptionalLong payloadStartedNanoTime) {
+            this.apiCallNanoTime = apiCallNanoTime;
             this.payloadStarted = payloadStarted;
             this.deathReason = deathReason;
             this.endToEndNanoTime = endToEndNanoTime;
@@ -273,6 +276,10 @@
             return payloadStartedNanoTime.getAsLong();
         }
 
+        public long getVMStartingElapsedNanoTime() {
+            return getVcpuStartedNanoTime() - apiCallNanoTime;
+        }
+
         public long getBootloaderElapsedNanoTime() {
             return getKernelStartedNanoTime() - getVcpuStartedNanoTime();
         }
@@ -307,12 +314,13 @@
                         super.onDied(vm, reason);
                     }
                 };
-        long beginTime = System.nanoTime();
+        long apiCallNanoTime = System.nanoTime();
         listener.runToFinish(logTag, vm);
         return new BootResult(
                 payloadStarted.getNow(false),
                 deathReason.getNow(DeathReason.INFRASTRUCTURE_ERROR),
-                endTime.getNow(beginTime) - beginTime,
+                apiCallNanoTime,
+                endTime.getNow(apiCallNanoTime) - apiCallNanoTime,
                 listener.getVcpuStartedNanoTime(),
                 listener.getKernelStartedNanoTime(),
                 listener.getInitStartedNanoTime(),
diff --git a/virtualizationservice/src/aidl.rs b/virtualizationservice/src/aidl.rs
index cc8d8a3..b46d5f8 100644
--- a/virtualizationservice/src/aidl.rs
+++ b/virtualizationservice/src/aidl.rs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
     },
 };
 use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Context, Result};
-use binder_common::{lazy_service::LazyServiceGuard, new_binder_exception, rpc_server::run_rpc_server_with_factory};
+use binder_common::{lazy_service::LazyServiceGuard, rpc_server::run_rpc_server_with_factory};
 use disk::QcowFile;
 use idsig::{HashAlgorithm, V4Signature};
 use log::{debug, error, info, warn, trace};
@@ -160,23 +160,23 @@
     ) -> binder::Result<()> {
         check_manage_access()?;
         let size = size.try_into().map_err(|e| {
-            new_binder_exception(
+            Status::new_exception_str(
                 ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
-                format!("Invalid size {}: {}", size, e),
+                Some(format!("Invalid size {}: {}", size, e)),
             )
         })?;
         let image = clone_file(image_fd)?;
         // initialize the file. Any data in the file will be erased.
         image.set_len(0).map_err(|e| {
-            new_binder_exception(
-                ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                format!("Failed to reset a file: {}", e),
+            Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                -1,
+                Some(format!("Failed to reset a file: {}", e)),
             )
         })?;
         let mut part = QcowFile::new(image, size).map_err(|e| {
-            new_binder_exception(
-                ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                format!("Failed to create QCOW2 image: {}", e),
+            Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                -1,
+                Some(format!("Failed to create QCOW2 image: {}", e)),
             )
         })?;
 
@@ -189,9 +189,9 @@
             )),
         }
         .map_err(|e| {
-            new_binder_exception(
-                ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                format!("Failed to initialize partition as {:?}: {}", partition_type, e),
+            Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                -1,
+                Some(format!("Failed to initialize partition as {:?}: {}", partition_type, e)),
             )
         })?;
 
@@ -379,12 +379,12 @@
                 "Failed to create temporary directory {:?} for VM files: {:?}",
                 temporary_directory, e
             );
-            new_binder_exception(
-                ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                format!(
+            Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                -1,
+                Some(format!(
                     "Failed to create temporary directory {:?} for VM files: {}",
                     temporary_directory, e
-                ),
+                )),
             )
         })?;
 
@@ -395,9 +395,12 @@
                 load_app_config(config, &temporary_directory).map_err(|e| {
                     error!("Failed to load app config from {}: {:?}", &config.configPath, e);
                     *is_protected = config.protectedVm;
-                    new_binder_exception(
-                        ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                        format!("Failed to load app config from {}: {}", &config.configPath, e),
+                    Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                        -1,
+                        Some(format!(
+                            "Failed to load app config from {}: {}",
+                            &config.configPath, e
+                        )),
                     )
                 })?,
             ),
@@ -423,14 +426,14 @@
                 }
             })
             .try_for_each(check_label_for_partition)
-            .map_err(|e| new_binder_exception(ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC, e.to_string()))?;
+            .map_err(|e| Status::new_service_specific_error_str(-1, Some(e.to_string())))?;
 
         let zero_filler_path = temporary_directory.join("zero.img");
         write_zero_filler(&zero_filler_path).map_err(|e| {
             error!("Failed to make composite image: {:?}", e);
-            new_binder_exception(
-                ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                format!("Failed to make composite image: {}", e),
+            Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                -1,
+                Some(format!("Failed to make composite image: {}", e)),
             )
         })?;
 
@@ -456,9 +459,9 @@
         let ramdump_path = temporary_directory.join("ramdump");
         let ramdump = prepare_ramdump_file(&ramdump_path).map_err(|e| {
             error!("Failed to prepare ramdump file: {}", e);
-            new_binder_exception(
-                ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                format!("Failed to prepare ramdump file: {}", e),
+            Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                -1,
+                Some(format!("Failed to prepare ramdump file: {}", e)),
             )
         })?;
 
@@ -492,9 +495,9 @@
             )
             .map_err(|e| {
                 error!("Failed to create VM with config {:?}: {:?}", config, e);
-                new_binder_exception(
-                    ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                    format!("Failed to create VM: {}", e),
+                Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                    -1,
+                    Some(format!("Failed to create VM: {}", e)),
                 )
             })?,
         );
@@ -575,9 +578,9 @@
     let image = if !disk.partitions.is_empty() {
         if disk.image.is_some() {
             warn!("DiskImage {:?} contains both image and partitions.", disk);
-            return Err(new_binder_exception(
+            return Err(Status::new_exception_str(
                 ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
-                "DiskImage contains both image and partitions.",
+                Some("DiskImage contains both image and partitions."),
             ));
         }
 
@@ -592,9 +595,9 @@
         )
         .map_err(|e| {
             error!("Failed to make composite image with config {:?}: {:?}", disk, e);
-            new_binder_exception(
-                ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                format!("Failed to make composite image: {}", e),
+            Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                -1,
+                Some(format!("Failed to make composite image: {}", e)),
             )
         })?;
 
@@ -607,9 +610,9 @@
         clone_file(image)?
     } else {
         warn!("DiskImage {:?} didn't contain image or partitions.", disk);
-        return Err(new_binder_exception(
+        return Err(Status::new_exception_str(
             ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
-            "DiskImage didn't contain image or partitions.",
+            Some("DiskImage didn't contain image or partitions."),
         ));
     };
 
@@ -700,15 +703,15 @@
                 Ok(sid) => Ok(sid.to_owned()),
                 Err(e) => {
                     error!("SID was not valid UTF-8: {}", e);
-                    Err(new_binder_exception(
+                    Err(Status::new_exception_str(
                         ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT,
-                        format!("SID was not valid UTF-8: {}", e),
+                        Some(format!("SID was not valid UTF-8: {}", e)),
                     ))
                 }
             }
         } else {
             error!("Missing SID on createVm");
-            Err(new_binder_exception(ExceptionCode::SECURITY, "Missing SID on createVm"))
+            Err(Status::new_exception_str(ExceptionCode::SECURITY, Some("Missing SID on createVm")))
         }
     })
 }
@@ -726,9 +729,9 @@
     if perm_svc.checkPermission(perm, calling_pid, calling_uid as i32)? {
         Ok(())
     } else {
-        Err(new_binder_exception(
+        Err(Status::new_exception_str(
             ExceptionCode::SECURITY,
-            format!("does not have the {} permission", perm),
+            Some(format!("does not have the {} permission", perm)),
         ))
     }
 }
@@ -804,26 +807,26 @@
     fn start(&self) -> binder::Result<()> {
         self.instance.start().map_err(|e| {
             error!("Error starting VM with CID {}: {:?}", self.instance.cid, e);
-            new_binder_exception(ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC, e.to_string())
+            Status::new_service_specific_error_str(-1, Some(e.to_string()))
         })
     }
 
     fn stop(&self) -> binder::Result<()> {
         self.instance.kill().map_err(|e| {
             error!("Error stopping VM with CID {}: {:?}", self.instance.cid, e);
-            new_binder_exception(ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC, e.to_string())
+            Status::new_service_specific_error_str(-1, Some(e.to_string()))
         })
     }
 
     fn connectVsock(&self, port: i32) -> binder::Result<ParcelFileDescriptor> {
         if !matches!(&*self.instance.vm_state.lock().unwrap(), VmState::Running { .. }) {
-            return Err(new_binder_exception(ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC, "VM is not running"));
+            return Err(Status::new_service_specific_error_str(-1, Some("VM is not running")));
         }
         let stream =
             VsockStream::connect_with_cid_port(self.instance.cid, port as u32).map_err(|e| {
-                new_binder_exception(
-                    ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                    format!("Failed to connect: {}", e),
+                Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                    -1,
+                    Some(format!("Failed to connect: {}", e)),
                 )
             })?;
         Ok(vsock_stream_to_pfd(stream))
@@ -1002,9 +1005,9 @@
 /// Converts a `&ParcelFileDescriptor` to a `File` by cloning the file.
 fn clone_file(file: &ParcelFileDescriptor) -> Result<File, Status> {
     file.as_ref().try_clone().map_err(|e| {
-        new_binder_exception(
+        Status::new_exception_str(
             ExceptionCode::BAD_PARCELABLE,
-            format!("Failed to clone File from ParcelFileDescriptor: {}", e),
+            Some(format!("Failed to clone File from ParcelFileDescriptor: {}", e)),
         )
     })
 }
@@ -1024,9 +1027,9 @@
 /// Parses the platform version requirement string.
 fn parse_platform_version_req(s: &str) -> Result<VersionReq, Status> {
     VersionReq::parse(s).map_err(|e| {
-        new_binder_exception(
+        Status::new_exception_str(
             ExceptionCode::BAD_PARCELABLE,
-            format!("Invalid platform version requirement {}: {}", s, e),
+            Some(format!("Invalid platform version requirement {}: {}", s, e)),
         )
     })
 }
@@ -1061,16 +1064,17 @@
         let cid = self.cid;
         if let Some(vm) = self.state.lock().unwrap().get_vm(cid) {
             info!("VM having CID {} started payload", cid);
-            vm.update_payload_state(PayloadState::Started)
-                .map_err(|e| new_binder_exception(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_STATE, e.to_string()))?;
+            vm.update_payload_state(PayloadState::Started).map_err(|e| {
+                Status::new_exception_str(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_STATE, Some(e.to_string()))
+            })?;
             let stream = vm.stream.lock().unwrap().take();
             vm.callbacks.notify_payload_started(cid, stream);
             Ok(())
         } else {
             error!("notifyPayloadStarted is called from an unknown CID {}", cid);
-            Err(new_binder_exception(
-                ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                format!("cannot find a VM with CID {}", cid),
+            Err(Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                -1,
+                Some(format!("cannot find a VM with CID {}", cid)),
             ))
         }
     }
@@ -1079,15 +1083,16 @@
         let cid = self.cid;
         if let Some(vm) = self.state.lock().unwrap().get_vm(cid) {
             info!("VM having CID {} payload is ready", cid);
-            vm.update_payload_state(PayloadState::Ready)
-                .map_err(|e| new_binder_exception(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_STATE, e.to_string()))?;
+            vm.update_payload_state(PayloadState::Ready).map_err(|e| {
+                Status::new_exception_str(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_STATE, Some(e.to_string()))
+            })?;
             vm.callbacks.notify_payload_ready(cid);
             Ok(())
         } else {
             error!("notifyPayloadReady is called from an unknown CID {}", cid);
-            Err(new_binder_exception(
-                ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                format!("cannot find a VM with CID {}", cid),
+            Err(Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                -1,
+                Some(format!("cannot find a VM with CID {}", cid)),
             ))
         }
     }
@@ -1096,15 +1101,16 @@
         let cid = self.cid;
         if let Some(vm) = self.state.lock().unwrap().get_vm(cid) {
             info!("VM having CID {} finished payload", cid);
-            vm.update_payload_state(PayloadState::Finished)
-                .map_err(|e| new_binder_exception(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_STATE, e.to_string()))?;
+            vm.update_payload_state(PayloadState::Finished).map_err(|e| {
+                Status::new_exception_str(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_STATE, Some(e.to_string()))
+            })?;
             vm.callbacks.notify_payload_finished(cid, exit_code);
             Ok(())
         } else {
             error!("notifyPayloadFinished is called from an unknown CID {}", cid);
-            Err(new_binder_exception(
-                ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                format!("cannot find a VM with CID {}", cid),
+            Err(Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                -1,
+                Some(format!("cannot find a VM with CID {}", cid)),
             ))
         }
     }
@@ -1113,15 +1119,16 @@
         let cid = self.cid;
         if let Some(vm) = self.state.lock().unwrap().get_vm(cid) {
             info!("VM having CID {} encountered an error", cid);
-            vm.update_payload_state(PayloadState::Finished)
-                .map_err(|e| new_binder_exception(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_STATE, e.to_string()))?;
+            vm.update_payload_state(PayloadState::Finished).map_err(|e| {
+                Status::new_exception_str(ExceptionCode::ILLEGAL_STATE, Some(e.to_string()))
+            })?;
             vm.callbacks.notify_error(cid, error_code, message);
             Ok(())
         } else {
             error!("notifyError is called from an unknown CID {}", cid);
-            Err(new_binder_exception(
-                ExceptionCode::SERVICE_SPECIFIC,
-                format!("cannot find a VM with CID {}", cid),
+            Err(Status::new_service_specific_error_str(
+                -1,
+                Some(format!("cannot find a VM with CID {}", cid)),
             ))
         }
     }