diff --git a/pvmfw/Android.bp b/pvmfw/Android.bp
index d267e2e..aa9942c 100644
--- a/pvmfw/Android.bp
+++ b/pvmfw/Android.bp
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@
     srcs: ["src/device_assignment.rs"],
     defaults: ["libpvmfw.test.defaults"],
     rustlibs: [
+        "libhyp",
         "liblibfdt",
         "liblog_rust",
         "libpvmfw_fdt_template",
@@ -84,6 +85,7 @@
         ":test_pvmfw_devices_with_multiple_devices_iommus",
         ":test_pvmfw_devices_with_iommu_sharing",
         ":test_pvmfw_devices_with_iommu_id_conflict",
+        ":test_pvmfw_devices_without_device",
         ":test_pvmfw_devices_without_iommus",
     ],
     // To use libpvmfw_fdt_template for testing
@@ -142,6 +144,13 @@
 }
 
 genrule {
+    name: "test_pvmfw_devices_without_device",
+    defaults: ["test_device_assignment_dts_to_dtb"],
+    srcs: ["testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_without_device.dts"],
+    out: ["test_pvmfw_devices_without_device.dtb"],
+}
+
+genrule {
     name: "test_pvmfw_devices_with_multiple_devices_iommus",
     defaults: ["test_device_assignment_dts_to_dtb"],
     srcs: ["testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_with_multiple_devices_iommus.dts"],
diff --git a/pvmfw/src/device_assignment.rs b/pvmfw/src/device_assignment.rs
index 14f1fe5..19ace5f 100644
--- a/pvmfw/src/device_assignment.rs
+++ b/pvmfw/src/device_assignment.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@
 use core::ffi::CStr;
 use core::iter::Iterator;
 use core::mem;
-use libfdt::{Fdt, FdtError, FdtNode, Phandle};
+use hyp::DeviceAssigningHypervisor;
+use libfdt::{Fdt, FdtError, FdtNode, Phandle, Reg};
+use log::error;
 
 // TODO(b/308694211): Use cstr! from vmbase instead.
 macro_rules! cstr {
@@ -47,10 +49,12 @@
 /// Errors in device assignment.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub enum DeviceAssignmentError {
-    // Invalid VM DTBO
+    /// Invalid VM DTBO
     InvalidDtbo,
     /// Invalid __symbols__
     InvalidSymbols,
+    /// Invalid <reg>
+    InvalidReg,
     /// Invalid <interrupts>
     InvalidInterrupts,
     /// Invalid <iommus>
@@ -83,6 +87,7 @@
                 f,
                 "Invalid property in /__symbols__. Must point to valid assignable device node."
             ),
+            Self::InvalidReg => write!(f, "Invalid <reg>"),
             Self::InvalidInterrupts => write!(f, "Invalid <interrupts>"),
             Self::InvalidIommus => write!(f, "Invalid <iommus>"),
             Self::InvalidPvIommu => write!(f, "Invalid pvIOMMU node"),
@@ -214,6 +219,36 @@
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd)]
 struct Vsid(u32);
 
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
+struct DeviceReg {
+    addr: u64,
+    size: u64,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<Reg<u64>> for DeviceReg {
+    type Error = DeviceAssignmentError;
+
+    fn try_from(reg: Reg<u64>) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self { addr: reg.addr, size: reg.size.ok_or(DeviceAssignmentError::InvalidReg)? })
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_node_reg(node: &FdtNode) -> Result<Vec<DeviceReg>> {
+    node.reg()?
+        .ok_or(DeviceAssignmentError::InvalidReg)?
+        .map(DeviceReg::try_from)
+        .collect::<Result<Vec<_>>>()
+}
+
+fn to_be_bytes(reg: &[DeviceReg]) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let mut reg_cells = vec![];
+    for x in reg {
+        reg_cells.extend_from_slice(&x.addr.to_be_bytes());
+        reg_cells.extend_from_slice(&x.size.to_be_bytes());
+    }
+    reg_cells
+}
+
 /// Assigned device information parsed from crosvm DT.
 /// Keeps everything in the owned data because underlying FDT will be reused for platform DT.
 #[derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
@@ -223,7 +258,7 @@
     // DTBO node path of the assigned device (e.g. "/fragment@rng/__overlay__/rng")
     dtbo_node_path: CString,
     // <reg> property from the crosvm DT
-    reg: Vec<u8>,
+    reg: Vec<DeviceReg>,
     // <interrupts> property from the crosvm DT
     interrupts: Vec<u8>,
     // Parsed <iommus> property from the crosvm DT. Tuple of PvIommu and vSID.
@@ -231,6 +266,22 @@
 }
 
 impl AssignedDeviceInfo {
+    fn parse_reg(
+        node: &FdtNode,
+        hypervisor: &dyn DeviceAssigningHypervisor,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<DeviceReg>> {
+        let device_reg = parse_node_reg(node)?;
+        // TODO(b/277993056): Valid the result back with physical reg
+        for reg in &device_reg {
+            hypervisor.get_phys_mmio_token(reg.addr, reg.size).map_err(|e| {
+                let name = node.name();
+                error!("Failed to validate device <reg>, error={e:?}, name={name:?}, reg={reg:?}");
+                DeviceAssignmentError::InvalidReg
+            })?;
+        }
+        Ok(device_reg)
+    }
+
     fn parse_interrupts(node: &FdtNode) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
         // Validation: Validate if interrupts cell numbers are multiple of #interrupt-cells.
         // We can't know how many interrupts would exist.
@@ -250,6 +301,7 @@
     fn parse_iommus(
         node: &FdtNode,
         pviommus: &BTreeMap<Phandle, PvIommu>,
+        hypervisor: &dyn DeviceAssigningHypervisor,
     ) -> Result<Vec<(PvIommu, Vsid)>> {
         let mut iommus = vec![];
         let Some(mut cells) = node.getprop_cells(cstr!("iommus"))? else {
@@ -266,6 +318,15 @@
             };
             let vsid = Vsid(cell);
 
+            // TODO(b/277993056): Valid the result back with phys iommu id and sid..
+            hypervisor
+                .get_phys_iommu_token(pviommu.id.into(), vsid.0.into())
+                .map_err(|e| {
+                    let name = node.name().unwrap_or_default();
+                    error!("Failed to validate device <iommus>, error={e:?}, name={name:?}, pviommu={pviommu:?}, vsid={:?}", vsid.0);
+                    DeviceAssignmentError::InvalidIommus
+                })?;
+
             iommus.push((*pviommu, vsid));
         }
         Ok(iommus)
@@ -276,27 +337,21 @@
         vm_dtbo: &VmDtbo,
         dtbo_node_path: &CStr,
         pviommus: &BTreeMap<Phandle, PvIommu>,
+        hypervisor: &dyn DeviceAssigningHypervisor,
     ) -> Result<Option<Self>> {
         let node_path = vm_dtbo.locate_overlay_target_path(dtbo_node_path)?;
 
         let Some(node) = fdt.node(&node_path)? else { return Ok(None) };
 
-        // TODO(b/277993056): Validate reg with HVC, and keep reg with FdtNode::reg()
-        let reg = node.getprop(cstr!("reg")).unwrap().unwrap();
+        let reg = Self::parse_reg(&node, hypervisor)?;
         let interrupts = Self::parse_interrupts(&node)?;
-        let iommus = Self::parse_iommus(&node, pviommus)?;
-        Ok(Some(Self {
-            node_path,
-            dtbo_node_path: dtbo_node_path.into(),
-            reg: reg.to_vec(),
-            interrupts,
-            iommus,
-        }))
+        let iommus = Self::parse_iommus(&node, pviommus, hypervisor)?;
+        Ok(Some(Self { node_path, dtbo_node_path: dtbo_node_path.into(), reg, interrupts, iommus }))
     }
 
     fn patch(&self, fdt: &mut Fdt, pviommu_phandles: &BTreeMap<PvIommu, Phandle>) -> Result<()> {
         let mut dst = fdt.node_mut(&self.node_path)?.unwrap();
-        dst.setprop(cstr!("reg"), &self.reg)?;
+        dst.setprop(cstr!("reg"), &to_be_bytes(&self.reg))?;
         dst.setprop(cstr!("interrupts"), &self.interrupts)?;
         let mut iommus = Vec::with_capacity(8 * self.iommus.len());
         for (pviommu, vsid) in &self.iommus {
@@ -339,7 +394,11 @@
     /// Parses fdt and vm_dtbo, and creates new DeviceAssignmentInfo
     // TODO(b/277993056): Parse __local_fixups__
     // TODO(b/277993056): Parse __fixups__
-    pub fn parse(fdt: &Fdt, vm_dtbo: &VmDtbo) -> Result<Option<Self>> {
+    pub fn parse(
+        fdt: &Fdt,
+        vm_dtbo: &VmDtbo,
+        hypervisor: &dyn DeviceAssigningHypervisor,
+    ) -> Result<Option<Self>> {
         let Some(symbols_node) = vm_dtbo.as_ref().symbols()? else {
             // /__symbols__ should contain all assignable devices.
             // If empty, then nothing can be assigned.
@@ -359,7 +418,7 @@
             let dtbo_node_path = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(symbol_prop_value)
                 .or(Err(DeviceAssignmentError::InvalidSymbols))?;
             let assigned_device =
-                AssignedDeviceInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo, dtbo_node_path, &pviommus)?;
+                AssignedDeviceInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo, dtbo_node_path, &pviommus, hypervisor)?;
             if let Some(assigned_device) = assigned_device {
                 assigned_devices.push(assigned_device);
             } else {
@@ -446,19 +505,42 @@
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use alloc::collections::BTreeSet;
+    use alloc::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
     use std::fs;
 
     const VM_DTBO_FILE_PATH: &str = "test_pvmfw_devices_vm_dtbo.dtbo";
     const VM_DTBO_WITHOUT_SYMBOLS_FILE_PATH: &str =
         "test_pvmfw_devices_vm_dtbo_without_symbols.dtbo";
     const FDT_WITHOUT_IOMMUS_FILE_PATH: &str = "test_pvmfw_devices_without_iommus.dtb";
+    const FDT_WITHOUT_DEVICE_FILE_PATH: &str = "test_pvmfw_devices_without_device.dtb";
     const FDT_FILE_PATH: &str = "test_pvmfw_devices_with_rng.dtb";
     const FDT_WITH_MULTIPLE_DEVICES_IOMMUS_FILE_PATH: &str =
         "test_pvmfw_devices_with_multiple_devices_iommus.dtb";
     const FDT_WITH_IOMMU_SHARING: &str = "test_pvmfw_devices_with_iommu_sharing.dtb";
     const FDT_WITH_IOMMU_ID_CONFLICT: &str = "test_pvmfw_devices_with_iommu_id_conflict.dtb";
 
+    #[derive(Debug, Default)]
+    struct MockHypervisor {
+        mmio_tokens: BTreeMap<(u64, u64), u64>,
+        iommu_tokens: BTreeMap<(u64, u64), (u64, u64)>,
+    }
+
+    impl DeviceAssigningHypervisor for MockHypervisor {
+        fn get_phys_mmio_token(&self, base_ipa: u64, size: u64) -> hyp::Result<u64> {
+            Ok(*self.mmio_tokens.get(&(base_ipa, size)).ok_or(hyp::Error::KvmError(
+                hyp::KvmError::InvalidParameter,
+                0xc6000012, /* VENDOR_HYP_KVM_DEV_REQ_MMIO_FUNC_ID */
+            ))?)
+        }
+
+        fn get_phys_iommu_token(&self, pviommu_id: u64, vsid: u64) -> hyp::Result<(u64, u64)> {
+            Ok(*self.iommu_tokens.get(&(pviommu_id, vsid)).ok_or(hyp::Error::KvmError(
+                hyp::KvmError::InvalidParameter,
+                0xc6000013, /* VENDOR_HYP_KVM_DEV_REQ_DMA_FUNC_ID */
+            ))?)
+        }
+    }
+
     #[derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
     struct AssignedDeviceNode {
         path: CString,
@@ -473,8 +555,7 @@
                 return Err(FdtError::NotFound.into());
             };
 
-            // TODO(b/277993056): Replace DeviceAssignmentError::Internal
-            let reg = node.getprop(cstr!("reg"))?.ok_or(DeviceAssignmentError::Internal)?;
+            let reg = node.getprop(cstr!("reg"))?.ok_or(DeviceAssignmentError::InvalidReg)?;
             let interrupts = node
                 .getprop(cstr!("interrupts"))?
                 .ok_or(DeviceAssignmentError::InvalidInterrupts)?;
@@ -524,6 +605,12 @@
         v
     }
 
+    impl From<[u64; 2]> for DeviceReg {
+        fn from(fdt_cells: [u64; 2]) -> Self {
+            DeviceReg { addr: fdt_cells[0], size: fdt_cells[1] }
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn device_info_new_without_symbols() {
         let mut fdt_data = fs::read(FDT_FILE_PATH).unwrap();
@@ -531,7 +618,20 @@
         let fdt = Fdt::from_mut_slice(&mut fdt_data).unwrap();
         let vm_dtbo = VmDtbo::from_mut_slice(&mut vm_dtbo_data).unwrap();
 
-        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo).unwrap();
+        let hypervisor: MockHypervisor = Default::default();
+        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo, &hypervisor).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(device_info, None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn device_info_new_without_device() {
+        let mut fdt_data = fs::read(FDT_WITHOUT_DEVICE_FILE_PATH).unwrap();
+        let mut vm_dtbo_data = fs::read(VM_DTBO_FILE_PATH).unwrap();
+        let fdt = Fdt::from_mut_slice(&mut fdt_data).unwrap();
+        let vm_dtbo = VmDtbo::from_mut_slice(&mut vm_dtbo_data).unwrap();
+
+        let hypervisor: MockHypervisor = Default::default();
+        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo, &hypervisor).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(device_info, None);
     }
 
@@ -542,12 +642,16 @@
         let fdt = Fdt::from_mut_slice(&mut fdt_data).unwrap();
         let vm_dtbo = VmDtbo::from_mut_slice(&mut vm_dtbo_data).unwrap();
 
-        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo).unwrap().unwrap();
+        let hypervisor = MockHypervisor {
+            mmio_tokens: [((0x9, 0xFF), 0x300)].into(),
+            iommu_tokens: BTreeMap::new(),
+        };
+        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo, &hypervisor).unwrap().unwrap();
 
         let expected = [AssignedDeviceInfo {
             node_path: CString::new("/backlight").unwrap(),
             dtbo_node_path: cstr!("/fragment@backlight/__overlay__/backlight").into(),
-            reg: into_fdt_prop(vec![0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0xFF]),
+            reg: vec![[0x9, 0xFF].into()],
             interrupts: into_fdt_prop(vec![0x0, 0xF, 0x4]),
             iommus: vec![],
         }];
@@ -562,12 +666,16 @@
         let fdt = Fdt::from_mut_slice(&mut fdt_data).unwrap();
         let vm_dtbo = VmDtbo::from_mut_slice(&mut vm_dtbo_data).unwrap();
 
-        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo).unwrap().unwrap();
+        let hypervisor = MockHypervisor {
+            mmio_tokens: [((0x9, 0xFF), 0x12F00000)].into(),
+            iommu_tokens: [((0x4, 0xFF0), (0x12E40000, 0x3))].into(),
+        };
+        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo, &hypervisor).unwrap().unwrap();
 
         let expected = [AssignedDeviceInfo {
             node_path: CString::new("/rng").unwrap(),
             dtbo_node_path: cstr!("/fragment@rng/__overlay__/rng").into(),
-            reg: into_fdt_prop(vec![0x0, 0x9, 0x0, 0xFF]),
+            reg: vec![[0x9, 0xFF].into()],
             interrupts: into_fdt_prop(vec![0x0, 0xF, 0x4]),
             iommus: vec![(PvIommu { id: 0x4 }, Vsid(0xFF0))],
         }];
@@ -583,7 +691,8 @@
         let fdt = Fdt::create_empty_tree(&mut fdt_data).unwrap();
         let vm_dtbo = VmDtbo::from_mut_slice(&mut vm_dtbo_data).unwrap();
 
-        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo).unwrap();
+        let hypervisor: MockHypervisor = Default::default();
+        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo, &hypervisor).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(device_info, None);
     }
 
@@ -594,7 +703,11 @@
         let fdt = Fdt::from_mut_slice(&mut fdt_data).unwrap();
         let vm_dtbo = VmDtbo::from_mut_slice(&mut vm_dtbo_data).unwrap();
 
-        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo).unwrap().unwrap();
+        let hypervisor = MockHypervisor {
+            mmio_tokens: [((0x9, 0xFF), 0x12F00000)].into(),
+            iommu_tokens: [((0x4, 0xFF0), (0x12E40000, 0x3))].into(),
+        };
+        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo, &hypervisor).unwrap().unwrap();
         device_info.filter(vm_dtbo).unwrap();
 
         let vm_dtbo = vm_dtbo.as_mut();
@@ -624,7 +737,11 @@
         let vm_dtbo = VmDtbo::from_mut_slice(&mut vm_dtbo_data).unwrap();
         let platform_dt = Fdt::create_empty_tree(data.as_mut_slice()).unwrap();
 
-        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo).unwrap().unwrap();
+        let hypervisor = MockHypervisor {
+            mmio_tokens: [((0x9, 0xFF), 0x300)].into(),
+            iommu_tokens: BTreeMap::new(),
+        };
+        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo, &hypervisor).unwrap().unwrap();
         device_info.filter(vm_dtbo).unwrap();
 
         // SAFETY: Damaged VM DTBO wouldn't be used after this unsafe block.
@@ -669,7 +786,11 @@
         let platform_dt = Fdt::from_mut_slice(&mut platform_dt_data).unwrap();
         platform_dt.unpack().unwrap();
 
-        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo).unwrap().unwrap();
+        let hypervisor = MockHypervisor {
+            mmio_tokens: [((0x9, 0xFF), 0x12F00000)].into(),
+            iommu_tokens: [((0x4, 0xFF0), (0x12E40000, 0x3))].into(),
+        };
+        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo, &hypervisor).unwrap().unwrap();
         device_info.filter(vm_dtbo).unwrap();
 
         // SAFETY: Damaged VM DTBO wouldn't be used after this unsafe block.
@@ -703,7 +824,21 @@
         let platform_dt = Fdt::from_mut_slice(&mut platform_dt_data).unwrap();
         platform_dt.unpack().unwrap();
 
-        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo).unwrap().unwrap();
+        let hypervisor = MockHypervisor {
+            mmio_tokens: [
+                ((0x9, 0xFF), 0x12F00000),
+                ((0x100, 0x1000), 0xF00000),
+                ((0x200, 0x1000), 0xF10000),
+            ]
+            .into(),
+            iommu_tokens: [
+                ((0x4, 0xFF0), (0x12E40000, 3)),
+                ((0x40, 0xFFA), (0x40000, 0x4)),
+                ((0x50, 0xFFB), (0x50000, 0x5)),
+            ]
+            .into(),
+        };
+        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo, &hypervisor).unwrap().unwrap();
         device_info.filter(vm_dtbo).unwrap();
 
         // SAFETY: Damaged VM DTBO wouldn't be used after this unsafe block.
@@ -721,7 +856,7 @@
             },
             AssignedDeviceNode {
                 path: CString::new("/light").unwrap(),
-                reg: into_fdt_prop(vec![0x100, 0x9]),
+                reg: into_fdt_prop(vec![0x0, 0x100, 0x0, 0x1000, 0x0, 0x200, 0x0, 0x1000]),
                 interrupts: into_fdt_prop(vec![0x0, 0xF, 0x5]),
                 iommus: vec![0x40, 0xFFA, 0x50, 0xFFB],
             },
@@ -746,7 +881,11 @@
         let platform_dt = Fdt::from_mut_slice(&mut platform_dt_data).unwrap();
         platform_dt.unpack().unwrap();
 
-        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo).unwrap().unwrap();
+        let hypervisor = MockHypervisor {
+            mmio_tokens: [((0x9, 0xFF), 0x12F00000), ((0x100, 0x9), 0x12000000)].into(),
+            iommu_tokens: [((0x4, 0xFF0), (0x12E40000, 3))].into(),
+        };
+        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo, &hypervisor).unwrap().unwrap();
         device_info.filter(vm_dtbo).unwrap();
 
         // SAFETY: Damaged VM DTBO wouldn't be used after this unsafe block.
@@ -764,7 +903,7 @@
             },
             AssignedDeviceNode {
                 path: CString::new("/led").unwrap(),
-                reg: into_fdt_prop(vec![0x100, 0x9]),
+                reg: into_fdt_prop(vec![0x0, 0x100, 0x0, 0x9]),
                 interrupts: into_fdt_prop(vec![0x0, 0xF, 0x5]),
                 iommus: vec![0x4, 0xFF0],
             },
@@ -786,8 +925,44 @@
         let fdt = Fdt::from_mut_slice(&mut fdt_data).unwrap();
         let vm_dtbo = VmDtbo::from_mut_slice(&mut vm_dtbo_data).unwrap();
 
-        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo);
+        let hypervisor = MockHypervisor {
+            mmio_tokens: [((0x9, 0xFF), 0x12F00000)].into(),
+            iommu_tokens: [((0x4, 0xFF0), (0x12E40000, 0x3))].into(),
+        };
+        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo, &hypervisor);
 
         assert_eq!(device_info, Err(DeviceAssignmentError::DuplicatedPvIommuIds));
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn device_info_invalid_reg() {
+        let mut fdt_data = fs::read(FDT_FILE_PATH).unwrap();
+        let mut vm_dtbo_data = fs::read(VM_DTBO_FILE_PATH).unwrap();
+        let fdt = Fdt::from_mut_slice(&mut fdt_data).unwrap();
+        let vm_dtbo = VmDtbo::from_mut_slice(&mut vm_dtbo_data).unwrap();
+
+        let hypervisor = MockHypervisor {
+            mmio_tokens: BTreeMap::new(),
+            iommu_tokens: [((0x4, 0xFF0), (0x12E40000, 0x3))].into(),
+        };
+        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo, &hypervisor);
+
+        assert_eq!(device_info, Err(DeviceAssignmentError::InvalidReg));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn device_info_invalid_iommus() {
+        let mut fdt_data = fs::read(FDT_FILE_PATH).unwrap();
+        let mut vm_dtbo_data = fs::read(VM_DTBO_FILE_PATH).unwrap();
+        let fdt = Fdt::from_mut_slice(&mut fdt_data).unwrap();
+        let vm_dtbo = VmDtbo::from_mut_slice(&mut vm_dtbo_data).unwrap();
+
+        let hypervisor = MockHypervisor {
+            mmio_tokens: [((0x9, 0xFF), 0x12F00000)].into(),
+            iommu_tokens: BTreeMap::new(),
+        };
+        let device_info = DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo, &hypervisor);
+
+        assert_eq!(device_info, Err(DeviceAssignmentError::InvalidIommus));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/pvmfw/src/fdt.rs b/pvmfw/src/fdt.rs
index 5fbc767..628296a 100644
--- a/pvmfw/src/fdt.rs
+++ b/pvmfw/src/fdt.rs
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@
 //! High-level FDT functions.
 
 use crate::bootargs::BootArgsIterator;
-use crate::device_assignment::DeviceAssignmentInfo;
-use crate::device_assignment::VmDtbo;
+use crate::device_assignment::{DeviceAssignmentInfo, VmDtbo};
 use crate::helpers::GUEST_PAGE_SIZE;
 use crate::Box;
 use crate::RebootReason;
@@ -711,10 +710,19 @@
     validate_swiotlb_info(&swiotlb_info, &memory_range)?;
 
     let device_assignment = match vm_dtbo {
-        Some(vm_dtbo) => DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo).map_err(|e| {
-            error!("Failed to parse device assignment from DT and VM DTBO: {e}");
-            RebootReason::InvalidFdt
-        })?,
+        Some(vm_dtbo) => {
+            if let Some(hypervisor) = hyp::get_device_assigner() {
+                DeviceAssignmentInfo::parse(fdt, vm_dtbo, hypervisor).map_err(|e| {
+                    error!("Failed to parse device assignment from DT and VM DTBO: {e}");
+                    RebootReason::InvalidFdt
+                })?
+            } else {
+                warn!(
+                    "Device assignment is ignored because device assigning hypervisor is missing"
+                );
+                None
+            }
+        }
         None => None,
     };
 
diff --git a/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_vm_dtbo.dts b/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_vm_dtbo.dts
index da08694..691d15a 100644
--- a/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_vm_dtbo.dts
+++ b/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_vm_dtbo.dts
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 			light {
 				compatible = "android,light";
 				version = <0x1 0x2>;
-				android,pvmfw,phy-reg = <0x0 0xF00000 0x1000>;
+				android,pvmfw,phy-reg = <0x0 0xF00000 0x1000>, <0x0 0xF10000 0x1000>;
 				android,pvmfw,phy-iommu = <0x0 0x40000>, <0x0 0x50000>;
 				android,pvmfw,phy-sid = <4>, <5>;
 			};
diff --git a/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_with_iommu_id_conflict.dts b/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_with_iommu_id_conflict.dts
index 70b633c..a9e30be 100644
--- a/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_with_iommu_id_conflict.dts
+++ b/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_with_iommu_id_conflict.dts
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 
     light@70000000 {
         compatible = "android,light";
-        reg = <0x100 0x9>;
+        reg = <0x0 0x100 0x0 0x100>, <0x0 0x200 0x0 0x100>;
         interrupts = <0x0 0xF 0x5>;
         iommus = <&pviommu_a 0xA>, <&pviommu_b 0xB>;
     };
diff --git a/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_with_iommu_sharing.dts b/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_with_iommu_sharing.dts
index 7c6d2f2..78ff868 100644
--- a/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_with_iommu_sharing.dts
+++ b/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_with_iommu_sharing.dts
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
     };
 
     led@70000000 {
-        compatible = "android,light";
-        reg = <0x100 0x9>;
+        compatible = "android,led";
+        reg = <0x0 0x100 0x0 0x9>;
         interrupts = <0x0 0xF 0x5>;
         iommus = <&pviommu_0 0xFF0>;
     };
diff --git a/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_with_multiple_devices_iommus.dts b/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_with_multiple_devices_iommus.dts
index 76c99c9..ca7e7f3 100644
--- a/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_with_multiple_devices_iommus.dts
+++ b/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_with_multiple_devices_iommus.dts
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
     light@70000000 {
         compatible = "android,light";
-        reg = <0x100 0x9>;
+        reg = <0x0 0x100 0x0 0x1000>, <0x0 0x200 0x0 0x1000>;
         interrupts = <0x0 0xF 0x5>;
         iommus = <&pviommu_a 0xFFA>, <&pviommu_b 0xFFB>;
     };
diff --git a/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_without_device.dts b/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_without_device.dts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee0be3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pvmfw/testdata/test_pvmfw_devices_without_device.dts
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+/dts-v1/;
+/plugin/;
+
+/include/ "test_crosvm_dt_base.dtsi"
+
+/ {
+};