diff --git a/pvmfw/src/mmu.rs b/pvmfw/src/mmu.rs
index e33dcba..da8c4b5 100644
--- a/pvmfw/src/mmu.rs
+++ b/pvmfw/src/mmu.rs
@@ -26,8 +26,10 @@
 // We assume that:
 // - MAIR_EL1.Attr0 = "Device-nGnRE memory" (0b0000_0100)
 // - MAIR_EL1.Attr1 = "Normal memory, Outer & Inner WB Non-transient, R/W-Allocate" (0b1111_1111)
-const MEMORY: Attributes = Attributes::NORMAL.union(Attributes::NON_GLOBAL);
-const DEVICE: Attributes = Attributes::DEVICE_NGNRE.union(Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER);
+const MEMORY: Attributes =
+    Attributes::NORMAL.union(Attributes::NON_GLOBAL).union(Attributes::VALID);
+const DEVICE: Attributes =
+    Attributes::DEVICE_NGNRE.union(Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER).union(Attributes::VALID);
 const CODE: Attributes = MEMORY.union(Attributes::READ_ONLY);
 const DATA: Attributes = MEMORY.union(Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER);
 const RODATA: Attributes = DATA.union(Attributes::READ_ONLY);
diff --git a/rialto/src/main.rs b/rialto/src/main.rs
index 03fa107..0f92d3f 100644
--- a/rialto/src/main.rs
+++ b/rialto/src/main.rs
@@ -44,21 +44,21 @@
 const PT_ROOT_LEVEL: usize = 1;
 const PT_ASID: usize = 1;
 
-const PROT_DEV: Attributes = Attributes::from_bits_truncate(
-    Attributes::DEVICE_NGNRE.bits() | Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER.bits(),
-);
-const PROT_RX: Attributes = Attributes::from_bits_truncate(
-    Attributes::NORMAL.bits() | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL.bits() | Attributes::READ_ONLY.bits(),
-);
-const PROT_RO: Attributes = Attributes::from_bits_truncate(
-    Attributes::NORMAL.bits()
-        | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL.bits()
-        | Attributes::READ_ONLY.bits()
-        | Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER.bits(),
-);
-const PROT_RW: Attributes = Attributes::from_bits_truncate(
-    Attributes::NORMAL.bits() | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL.bits() | Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER.bits(),
-);
+const PROT_DEV: Attributes =
+    Attributes::DEVICE_NGNRE.union(Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER).union(Attributes::VALID);
+const PROT_RX: Attributes = Attributes::NORMAL
+    .union(Attributes::NON_GLOBAL)
+    .union(Attributes::READ_ONLY)
+    .union(Attributes::VALID);
+const PROT_RO: Attributes = Attributes::NORMAL
+    .union(Attributes::NON_GLOBAL)
+    .union(Attributes::READ_ONLY)
+    .union(Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER)
+    .union(Attributes::VALID);
+const PROT_RW: Attributes = Attributes::NORMAL
+    .union(Attributes::NON_GLOBAL)
+    .union(Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER)
+    .union(Attributes::VALID);
 
 #[global_allocator]
 static HEAP_ALLOCATOR: LockedHeap<32> = LockedHeap::<32>::new();
diff --git a/vmbase/example/src/main.rs b/vmbase/example/src/main.rs
index 3bf850c..90a0ec2 100644
--- a/vmbase/example/src/main.rs
+++ b/vmbase/example/src/main.rs
@@ -82,17 +82,23 @@
     check_alloc();
 
     let mut idmap = IdMap::new(ASID, ROOT_LEVEL);
-    idmap.map_range(&DEVICE_REGION, Attributes::DEVICE_NGNRE | Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER).unwrap();
+    idmap
+        .map_range(
+            &DEVICE_REGION,
+            Attributes::VALID | Attributes::DEVICE_NGNRE | Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
     idmap
         .map_range(
             &text_range().into(),
-            Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::READ_ONLY,
+            Attributes::VALID | Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::READ_ONLY,
         )
         .unwrap();
     idmap
         .map_range(
             &rodata_range().into(),
-            Attributes::NORMAL
+            Attributes::VALID
+                | Attributes::NORMAL
                 | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL
                 | Attributes::READ_ONLY
                 | Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER,
@@ -101,26 +107,36 @@
     idmap
         .map_range(
             &scratch_range().into(),
-            Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER,
+            Attributes::VALID
+                | Attributes::NORMAL
+                | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL
+                | Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER,
         )
         .unwrap();
     idmap
         .map_range(
             &boot_stack_range().into(),
-            Attributes::NORMAL | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL | Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER,
+            Attributes::VALID
+                | Attributes::NORMAL
+                | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL
+                | Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER,
         )
         .unwrap();
     idmap
         .map_range(
             &dtb_range().into(),
-            Attributes::NORMAL
+            Attributes::VALID
+                | Attributes::NORMAL
                 | Attributes::NON_GLOBAL
                 | Attributes::READ_ONLY
                 | Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER,
         )
         .unwrap();
     idmap
-        .map_range(&get_bar_region(&pci_info), Attributes::DEVICE_NGNRE | Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER)
+        .map_range(
+            &get_bar_region(&pci_info),
+            Attributes::VALID | Attributes::DEVICE_NGNRE | Attributes::EXECUTE_NEVER,
+        )
         .unwrap();
 
     info!("Activating IdMap...");