diff --git a/compos/common/compos_client.rs b/compos/common/compos_client.rs
index 69f095a..b754ba7 100644
--- a/compos/common/compos_client.rs
+++ b/compos/common/compos_client.rs
@@ -206,8 +206,7 @@
         return Ok(true);
     }
 
-    let build_type = system_properties::read("ro.build.type")?.context("ro.build.type not set")?;
-    let is_debug_build = matches!(build_type.as_str(), "userdebug" | "eng");
+    let is_debug_build = system_properties::read("ro.debuggable")?.as_deref().unwrap_or("0") == "1";
     if !is_debug_build {
         bail!("Protected VM not supported, unable to start VM");
     }
@@ -215,7 +214,7 @@
     let have_unprotected_vm =
         system_properties::read_bool("ro.boot.hypervisor.vm.supported", false)?;
     if have_unprotected_vm {
-        warn!("Protected VM not supported, falling back to unprotected on {} build", build_type);
+        warn!("Protected VM not supported, falling back to unprotected on debuggable build");
         return Ok(false);
     }
 
diff --git a/compos/service/java/com/android/server/compos/IsolatedCompilationService.java b/compos/service/java/com/android/server/compos/IsolatedCompilationService.java
index bd272a0..11e3743 100644
--- a/compos/service/java/com/android/server/compos/IsolatedCompilationService.java
+++ b/compos/service/java/com/android/server/compos/IsolatedCompilationService.java
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 
 package com.android.server.compos;
 
+import static android.os.Build.isDebuggable;
+
 import android.annotation.NonNull;
 import android.app.job.JobScheduler;
 import android.content.Context;
@@ -25,12 +27,11 @@
 import android.content.pm.StagedApexInfo;
 import android.os.RemoteException;
 import android.os.ServiceManager;
+import android.sysprop.HypervisorProperties;
 import android.util.Log;
 
 import com.android.server.SystemService;
 
-import java.io.File;
-
 /**
  * A system service responsible for performing Isolated Compilation (compiling boot & system server
  * classpath JARs in a protected VM) when appropriate.
@@ -71,12 +72,20 @@
     }
 
     private static boolean isIsolatedCompilationSupported() {
-        // Check that KVM is enabled on the device
-        if (!new File("/dev/kvm").exists()) {
-            return false;
+        // The CompOS APEX is present or we wouldn't be here. So just check that the device
+        // has a suitably capable hypervisor.
+
+        // We really want a protected VM
+        if (HypervisorProperties.hypervisor_protected_vm_supported().orElse(false)) {
+            return true;
         }
 
-        return true;
+        // But can use a non-protected VM on a debug build
+        if (isDebuggable()) {
+            return HypervisorProperties.hypervisor_vm_supported().orElse(false);
+        }
+
+        return false;
     }
 
     private static class StagedApexObserver extends IStagedApexObserver.Stub {