diff --git a/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java b/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
index 3bc40a7..fbfbfc0 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/ConnectivityManager.java
@@ -3449,6 +3449,11 @@
             final NetworkCallback callback;
             synchronized (sCallbacks) {
                 callback = sCallbacks.get(request);
+                if (callback == null) {
+                    Log.w(TAG,
+                            "callback not found for " + getCallbackName(message.what) + " message");
+                    return;
+                }
                 if (message.what == CALLBACK_UNAVAIL) {
                     sCallbacks.remove(request);
                     callback.networkRequest = ALREADY_UNREGISTERED;
@@ -3457,10 +3462,6 @@
             if (DBG) {
                 Log.d(TAG, getCallbackName(message.what) + " for network " + network);
             }
-            if (callback == null) {
-                Log.w(TAG, "callback not found for " + getCallbackName(message.what) + " message");
-                return;
-            }
 
             switch (message.what) {
                 case CALLBACK_PRECHECK: {
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/DnsResolver.java b/core/java/android/net/DnsResolver.java
index 68826cb..4b2b4c3 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/DnsResolver.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/DnsResolver.java
@@ -16,16 +16,17 @@
 
 package android.net;
 
+import static android.net.NetworkUtils.getDnsNetId;
 import static android.net.NetworkUtils.resNetworkCancel;
 import static android.net.NetworkUtils.resNetworkQuery;
 import static android.net.NetworkUtils.resNetworkResult;
 import static android.net.NetworkUtils.resNetworkSend;
+import static android.net.util.DnsUtils.haveIpv4;
+import static android.net.util.DnsUtils.haveIpv6;
+import static android.net.util.DnsUtils.rfc6724Sort;
 import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_ERROR;
 import static android.os.MessageQueue.OnFileDescriptorEventListener.EVENT_INPUT;
-import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
-import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
-import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
-import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.ENONET;
 
 import android.annotation.CallbackExecutor;
 import android.annotation.IntDef;
@@ -34,18 +35,12 @@
 import android.os.CancellationSignal;
 import android.os.Looper;
 import android.system.ErrnoException;
-import android.system.Os;
 import android.util.Log;
 
-import libcore.io.IoUtils;
-
 import java.io.FileDescriptor;
-import java.io.IOException;
 import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
 import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
 import java.net.InetAddress;
-import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
-import java.net.SocketAddress;
 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -196,8 +191,8 @@
         final Object lock = new Object();
         final FileDescriptor queryfd;
         try {
-            queryfd = resNetworkSend((network != null
-                ? network.getNetIdForResolv() : NETID_UNSET), query, query.length, flags);
+            queryfd = resNetworkSend((network != null)
+                    ? network.getNetIdForResolv() : NETID_UNSET, query, query.length, flags);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             executor.execute(() -> callback.onError(new DnsException(ERROR_SYSTEM, e)));
             return;
@@ -237,8 +232,8 @@
         final Object lock = new Object();
         final FileDescriptor queryfd;
         try {
-            queryfd = resNetworkQuery((network != null
-                    ? network.getNetIdForResolv() : NETID_UNSET), domain, nsClass, nsType, flags);
+            queryfd = resNetworkQuery((network != null)
+                    ? network.getNetIdForResolv() : NETID_UNSET, domain, nsClass, nsType, flags);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             executor.execute(() -> callback.onError(new DnsException(ERROR_SYSTEM, e)));
             return;
@@ -252,14 +247,16 @@
 
     private class InetAddressAnswerAccumulator implements Callback<byte[]> {
         private final List<InetAddress> mAllAnswers;
+        private final Network mNetwork;
         private int mRcode;
         private DnsException mDnsException;
         private final Callback<? super List<InetAddress>> mUserCallback;
         private final int mTargetAnswerCount;
         private int mReceivedAnswerCount = 0;
 
-        InetAddressAnswerAccumulator(int size,
+        InetAddressAnswerAccumulator(@NonNull Network network, int size,
                 @NonNull Callback<? super List<InetAddress>> callback) {
+            mNetwork = network;
             mTargetAnswerCount = size;
             mAllAnswers = new ArrayList<>();
             mUserCallback = callback;
@@ -280,8 +277,7 @@
         private void maybeReportAnswer() {
             if (++mReceivedAnswerCount != mTargetAnswerCount) return;
             if (mAllAnswers.isEmpty() && maybeReportError()) return;
-            // TODO: Do RFC6724 sort.
-            mUserCallback.onAnswer(mAllAnswers, mRcode);
+            mUserCallback.onAnswer(rfc6724Sort(mNetwork, mAllAnswers), mRcode);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -308,7 +304,7 @@
 
     /**
      * Send a DNS query with the specified name on a network with both IPv4 and IPv6,
-     * get back a set of InetAddresses asynchronously.
+     * get back a set of InetAddresses with rfc6724 sorting style asynchronously.
      *
      * This method will examine the connection ability on given network, and query IPv4
      * and IPv6 if connection is available.
@@ -335,8 +331,23 @@
             return;
         }
         final Object lock = new Object();
-        final boolean queryIpv6 = haveIpv6(network);
-        final boolean queryIpv4 = haveIpv4(network);
+        final Network queryNetwork;
+        try {
+            queryNetwork = (network != null) ? network : new Network(getDnsNetId());
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            executor.execute(() -> callback.onError(new DnsException(ERROR_SYSTEM, e)));
+            return;
+        }
+        final boolean queryIpv6 = haveIpv6(queryNetwork);
+        final boolean queryIpv4 = haveIpv4(queryNetwork);
+
+        // This can only happen if queryIpv4 and queryIpv6 are both false.
+        // This almost certainly means that queryNetwork does not exist or no longer exists.
+        if (!queryIpv6 && !queryIpv4) {
+            executor.execute(() -> callback.onError(
+                    new DnsException(ERROR_SYSTEM, new ErrnoException("resNetworkQuery", ENONET))));
+            return;
+        }
 
         final FileDescriptor v4fd;
         final FileDescriptor v6fd;
@@ -345,9 +356,8 @@
 
         if (queryIpv6) {
             try {
-                v6fd = resNetworkQuery((network != null
-                        ? network.getNetIdForResolv() : NETID_UNSET),
-                        domain, CLASS_IN, TYPE_AAAA, flags);
+                v6fd = resNetworkQuery(queryNetwork.getNetIdForResolv(), domain, CLASS_IN,
+                        TYPE_AAAA, flags);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 executor.execute(() -> callback.onError(new DnsException(ERROR_SYSTEM, e)));
                 return;
@@ -355,7 +365,6 @@
             queryCount++;
         } else v6fd = null;
 
-        // TODO: Use device flag to control the sleep time.
         // Avoiding gateways drop packets if queries are sent too close together
         try {
             Thread.sleep(SLEEP_TIME_MS);
@@ -365,9 +374,8 @@
 
         if (queryIpv4) {
             try {
-                v4fd = resNetworkQuery((network != null
-                        ? network.getNetIdForResolv() : NETID_UNSET),
-                        domain, CLASS_IN, TYPE_A, flags);
+                v4fd = resNetworkQuery(queryNetwork.getNetIdForResolv(), domain, CLASS_IN, TYPE_A,
+                        flags);
             } catch (ErrnoException e) {
                 if (queryIpv6) resNetworkCancel(v6fd);  // Closes fd, marks it invalid.
                 executor.execute(() -> callback.onError(new DnsException(ERROR_SYSTEM, e)));
@@ -377,7 +385,7 @@
         } else v4fd = null;
 
         final InetAddressAnswerAccumulator accumulator =
-                new InetAddressAnswerAccumulator(queryCount, callback);
+                new InetAddressAnswerAccumulator(queryNetwork, queryCount, callback);
 
         synchronized (lock)  {
             if (queryIpv6) {
@@ -398,7 +406,7 @@
 
     /**
      * Send a DNS query with the specified name and query type, get back a set of
-     * InetAddresses asynchronously.
+     * InetAddresses with rfc6724 sorting style asynchronously.
      *
      * The answer will be provided asynchronously through the provided {@link Callback}.
      *
@@ -423,15 +431,17 @@
         }
         final Object lock = new Object();
         final FileDescriptor queryfd;
+        final Network queryNetwork;
         try {
-            queryfd = resNetworkQuery((network != null
-                    ? network.getNetIdForResolv() : NETID_UNSET), domain, CLASS_IN, nsType, flags);
+            queryNetwork = (network != null) ? network : new Network(getDnsNetId());
+            queryfd = resNetworkQuery(queryNetwork.getNetIdForResolv(), domain, CLASS_IN, nsType,
+                    flags);
         } catch (ErrnoException e) {
             executor.execute(() -> callback.onError(new DnsException(ERROR_SYSTEM, e)));
             return;
         }
         final InetAddressAnswerAccumulator accumulator =
-                new InetAddressAnswerAccumulator(1, callback);
+                new InetAddressAnswerAccumulator(queryNetwork, 1, callback);
         synchronized (lock)  {
             registerFDListener(executor, queryfd, accumulator, cancellationSignal, lock);
             if (cancellationSignal == null) return;
@@ -500,38 +510,6 @@
         });
     }
 
-    // These two functions match the behaviour of have_ipv4 and have_ipv6 in the native resolver.
-    private boolean haveIpv4(@Nullable Network network) {
-        final SocketAddress addrIpv4 =
-                new InetSocketAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8"), 0);
-        return checkConnectivity(network, AF_INET, addrIpv4);
-    }
-
-    private boolean haveIpv6(@Nullable Network network) {
-        final SocketAddress addrIpv6 =
-                new InetSocketAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2000::"), 0);
-        return checkConnectivity(network, AF_INET6, addrIpv6);
-    }
-
-    private boolean checkConnectivity(@Nullable Network network,
-            int domain, @NonNull SocketAddress addr) {
-        final FileDescriptor socket;
-        try {
-            socket = Os.socket(domain, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
-        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        try {
-            if (network != null) network.bindSocket(socket);
-            Os.connect(socket, addr);
-        } catch (IOException | ErrnoException e) {
-            return false;
-        } finally {
-            IoUtils.closeQuietly(socket);
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
     private static class DnsAddressAnswer extends DnsPacket {
         private static final String TAG = "DnsResolver.DnsAddressAnswer";
         private static final boolean DBG = false;
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/NetworkUtils.java b/core/java/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
index c06a132..a640f83 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/NetworkUtils.java
@@ -157,6 +157,13 @@
     public static native void resNetworkCancel(FileDescriptor fd);
 
     /**
+     * DNS resolver series jni method.
+     * Attempts to get netid of network which resolver will
+     * use if no network is explicitly selected.
+     */
+    public static native int getDnsNetId() throws ErrnoException;
+
+    /**
      * Get the tcp repair window associated with the {@code fd}.
      *
      * @param fd the tcp socket's {@link FileDescriptor}.
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.java b/core/java/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.java
index fe42111..050fcfa 100644
--- a/core/java/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.java
+++ b/core/java/android/net/StaticIpConfiguration.java
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@
 import android.annotation.TestApi;
 import android.annotation.UnsupportedAppUsage;
 import android.net.shared.InetAddressUtils;
-import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Parcel;
 import android.os.Parcelable;
 
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@
 @TestApi
 public final class StaticIpConfiguration implements Parcelable {
     /** @hide */
-    @UnsupportedAppUsage(maxTargetSdk = Build.VERSION_CODES.P)
+    @UnsupportedAppUsage
     @Nullable
     public LinkAddress ipAddress;
     /** @hide */
diff --git a/core/java/android/net/util/DnsUtils.java b/core/java/android/net/util/DnsUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6abd50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/java/android/net/util/DnsUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,376 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.util;
+
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.AF_INET6;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.IPPROTO_UDP;
+import static android.system.OsConstants.SOCK_DGRAM;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.Network;
+import android.system.ErrnoException;
+import android.system.Os;
+import android.util.Log;
+
+import com.android.internal.util.BitUtils;
+
+import libcore.io.IoUtils;
+
+import java.io.FileDescriptor;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.net.Inet4Address;
+import java.net.Inet6Address;
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
+import java.net.SocketAddress;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * @hide
+ */
+public class DnsUtils {
+    private static final String TAG = "DnsUtils";
+    private static final int CHAR_BIT = 8;
+    public static final int IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_NODELOCAL = 0x01;
+    public static final int IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL = 0x02;
+    public static final int IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_SITELOCAL = 0x05;
+    public static final int IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL = 0x0e;
+    private static final Comparator<SortableAddress> sRfc6724Comparator = new Rfc6724Comparator();
+
+    /**
+     * Comparator to sort SortableAddress in Rfc6724 style.
+     */
+    public static class Rfc6724Comparator implements Comparator<SortableAddress> {
+        // This function matches the behaviour of _rfc6724_compare in the native resolver.
+        @Override
+        public int compare(SortableAddress span1, SortableAddress span2) {
+            // Rule 1: Avoid unusable destinations.
+            if (span1.hasSrcAddr != span2.hasSrcAddr) {
+                return span2.hasSrcAddr - span1.hasSrcAddr;
+            }
+
+            // Rule 2: Prefer matching scope.
+            if (span1.scopeMatch != span2.scopeMatch) {
+                return span2.scopeMatch - span1.scopeMatch;
+            }
+
+            // TODO: Implement rule 3: Avoid deprecated addresses.
+            // TODO: Implement rule 4: Prefer home addresses.
+
+            // Rule 5: Prefer matching label.
+            if (span1.labelMatch != span2.labelMatch) {
+                return span2.labelMatch - span1.labelMatch;
+            }
+
+            // Rule 6: Prefer higher precedence.
+            if (span1.precedence != span2.precedence) {
+                return span2.precedence - span1.precedence;
+            }
+
+            // TODO: Implement rule 7: Prefer native transport.
+
+            // Rule 8: Prefer smaller scope.
+            if (span1.scope != span2.scope) {
+                return span1.scope - span2.scope;
+            }
+
+            // Rule 9: Use longest matching prefix. IPv6 only.
+            if (span1.prefixMatchLen != span2.prefixMatchLen) {
+                return span2.prefixMatchLen - span1.prefixMatchLen;
+            }
+
+            // Rule 10: Leave the order unchanged. Collections.sort is a stable sort.
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Class used to sort with RFC 6724
+     */
+    public static class SortableAddress {
+        public final int label;
+        public final int labelMatch;
+        public final int scope;
+        public final int scopeMatch;
+        public final int precedence;
+        public final int prefixMatchLen;
+        public final int hasSrcAddr;
+        public final InetAddress address;
+
+        public SortableAddress(@NonNull InetAddress addr, @Nullable InetAddress srcAddr) {
+            address = addr;
+            hasSrcAddr = (srcAddr != null) ? 1 : 0;
+            label = findLabel(addr);
+            scope = findScope(addr);
+            precedence = findPrecedence(addr);
+            labelMatch = ((srcAddr != null) && (label == findLabel(srcAddr))) ? 1 : 0;
+            scopeMatch = ((srcAddr != null) && (scope == findScope(srcAddr))) ? 1 : 0;
+            if (isIpv6Address(addr) && isIpv6Address(srcAddr)) {
+                prefixMatchLen = compareIpv6PrefixMatchLen(srcAddr, addr);
+            } else {
+                prefixMatchLen = 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sort the given address list in RFC6724 order.
+     * Will leave the list unchanged if an error occurs.
+     *
+     * This function matches the behaviour of _rfc6724_sort in the native resolver.
+     */
+    public static @NonNull List<InetAddress> rfc6724Sort(@Nullable Network network,
+            @NonNull List<InetAddress> answers) {
+        List<SortableAddress> sortableAnswerList = new ArrayList<>();
+        answers.forEach(addr -> sortableAnswerList.add(
+                new SortableAddress(addr, findSrcAddress(network, addr))));
+
+        Collections.sort(sortableAnswerList, sRfc6724Comparator);
+
+        final List<InetAddress> sortedAnswers = new ArrayList<>();
+        sortableAnswerList.forEach(ans -> sortedAnswers.add(ans.address));
+
+        return sortedAnswers;
+    }
+
+    private static @Nullable InetAddress findSrcAddress(@Nullable Network network,
+            @NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        final int domain;
+        if (isIpv4Address(addr)) {
+            domain = AF_INET;
+        } else if (isIpv6Address(addr)) {
+            domain = AF_INET6;
+        } else {
+            return null;
+        }
+        final FileDescriptor socket;
+        try {
+            socket = Os.socket(domain, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            Log.e(TAG, "findSrcAddress:" + e.toString());
+            return null;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (network != null) network.bindSocket(socket);
+            Os.connect(socket, new InetSocketAddress(addr, 0));
+            return ((InetSocketAddress) Os.getsockname(socket)).getAddress();
+        } catch (IOException | ErrnoException e) {
+            return null;
+        } finally {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(socket);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the label for a given IPv4/IPv6 address.
+     * RFC 6724, section 2.1.
+     *
+     * Note that Java will return an IPv4-mapped address as an IPv4 address.
+     */
+    private static int findLabel(@NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        if (isIpv4Address(addr)) {
+            return 4;
+        } else if (isIpv6Address(addr)) {
+            if (addr.isLoopbackAddress()) {
+                return 0;
+            } else if (isIpv6Address6To4(addr)) {
+                return 2;
+            } else if (isIpv6AddressTeredo(addr)) {
+                return 5;
+            } else if (isIpv6AddressULA(addr)) {
+                return 13;
+            } else if (((Inet6Address) addr).isIPv4CompatibleAddress()) {
+                return 3;
+            } else if (addr.isSiteLocalAddress()) {
+                return 11;
+            } else if (isIpv6Address6Bone(addr)) {
+                return 12;
+            } else {
+                // All other IPv6 addresses, including global unicast addresses.
+                return 1;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // This should never happen.
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isIpv6Address(@Nullable InetAddress addr) {
+        return addr instanceof Inet6Address;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isIpv4Address(@Nullable InetAddress addr) {
+        return addr instanceof Inet4Address;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isIpv6Address6To4(@NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        if (!isIpv6Address(addr)) return false;
+        final byte[] byteAddr = addr.getAddress();
+        return byteAddr[0] == 0x20 && byteAddr[1] == 0x02;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isIpv6AddressTeredo(@NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        if (!isIpv6Address(addr)) return false;
+        final byte[] byteAddr = addr.getAddress();
+        return byteAddr[0] == 0x20 && byteAddr[1] == 0x01 && byteAddr[2] == 0x00
+                && byteAddr[3] == 0x00;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isIpv6AddressULA(@NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        return isIpv6Address(addr) && (addr.getAddress()[0] & 0xfe) == 0xfc;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean isIpv6Address6Bone(@NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        if (!isIpv6Address(addr)) return false;
+        final byte[] byteAddr = addr.getAddress();
+        return byteAddr[0] == 0x3f && byteAddr[1] == (byte) 0xfe;
+    }
+
+    private static int getIpv6MulticastScope(@NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        return !isIpv6Address(addr) ? 0 : (addr.getAddress()[1] & 0x0f);
+    }
+
+    private static int findScope(@NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        if (isIpv6Address(addr)) {
+            if (addr.isMulticastAddress()) {
+                return getIpv6MulticastScope(addr);
+            } else if (addr.isLoopbackAddress() || addr.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
+                /**
+                 * RFC 4291 section 2.5.3 says loopback is to be treated as having
+                 * link-local scope.
+                 */
+                return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL;
+            } else if (addr.isSiteLocalAddress()) {
+                return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_SITELOCAL;
+            } else {
+                return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
+            }
+        } else if (isIpv4Address(addr)) {
+            if (addr.isLoopbackAddress() || addr.isLinkLocalAddress()) {
+                return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL;
+            } else {
+                /**
+                 * RFC 6724 section 3.2. Other IPv4 addresses, including private addresses
+                 * and shared addresses (100.64.0.0/10), are assigned global scope.
+                 */
+                return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
+            }
+        } else {
+            /**
+             * This should never happen.
+             * Return a scope with low priority as a last resort.
+             */
+            return IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_NODELOCAL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the precedence for a given IPv4/IPv6 address.
+     * RFC 6724, section 2.1.
+     *
+     * Note that Java will return an IPv4-mapped address as an IPv4 address.
+     */
+    private static int findPrecedence(@NonNull InetAddress addr) {
+        if (isIpv4Address(addr)) {
+            return 35;
+        } else if (isIpv6Address(addr)) {
+            if (addr.isLoopbackAddress()) {
+                return 50;
+            } else if (isIpv6Address6To4(addr)) {
+                return 30;
+            } else if (isIpv6AddressTeredo(addr)) {
+                return 5;
+            } else if (isIpv6AddressULA(addr)) {
+                return 3;
+            } else if (((Inet6Address) addr).isIPv4CompatibleAddress() || addr.isSiteLocalAddress()
+                    || isIpv6Address6Bone(addr)) {
+                return 1;
+            } else {
+                // All other IPv6 addresses, including global unicast addresses.
+                return 40;
+            }
+        } else {
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Find number of matching initial bits between the two addresses.
+     */
+    private static int compareIpv6PrefixMatchLen(@NonNull InetAddress srcAddr,
+            @NonNull InetAddress dstAddr) {
+        final byte[] srcByte = srcAddr.getAddress();
+        final byte[] dstByte = dstAddr.getAddress();
+
+        // This should never happen.
+        if (srcByte.length != dstByte.length) return 0;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < dstByte.length; ++i) {
+            if (srcByte[i] == dstByte[i]) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            int x = BitUtils.uint8(srcByte[i]) ^ BitUtils.uint8(dstByte[i]);
+            return i * CHAR_BIT + (Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros(x) - 24);  // Java ints are 32 bits
+        }
+        return dstByte.length * CHAR_BIT;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if given network has Ipv4 capability
+     * This function matches the behaviour of have_ipv4 in the native resolver.
+     */
+    public static boolean haveIpv4(@Nullable Network network) {
+        final SocketAddress addrIpv4 =
+                new InetSocketAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("8.8.8.8"), 0);
+        return checkConnectivity(network, AF_INET, addrIpv4);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if given network has Ipv6 capability
+     * This function matches the behaviour of have_ipv6 in the native resolver.
+     */
+    public static boolean haveIpv6(@Nullable Network network) {
+        final SocketAddress addrIpv6 =
+                new InetSocketAddress(InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress("2000::"), 0);
+        return checkConnectivity(network, AF_INET6, addrIpv6);
+    }
+
+    private static boolean checkConnectivity(@Nullable Network network,
+            int domain, @NonNull SocketAddress addr) {
+        final FileDescriptor socket;
+        try {
+            socket = Os.socket(domain, SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);
+        } catch (ErrnoException e) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        try {
+            if (network != null) network.bindSocket(socket);
+            Os.connect(socket, addr);
+        } catch (IOException | ErrnoException e) {
+            return false;
+        } finally {
+            IoUtils.closeQuietly(socket);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/jni/android_net_NetUtils.cpp b/core/jni/android_net_NetUtils.cpp
index c5fc9b3..00e0e3a 100644
--- a/core/jni/android_net_NetUtils.cpp
+++ b/core/jni/android_net_NetUtils.cpp
@@ -18,26 +18,27 @@
 
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "jni.h"
-#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
-#include <nativehelper/ScopedLocalRef.h>
-#include "NetdClient.h"
-#include <utils/misc.h>
-#include <android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h>
-#include <utils/Log.h>
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <net/if.h>
 #include <linux/filter.h>
 #include <linux/if_arp.h>
 #include <linux/tcp.h>
+#include <net/if.h>
 #include <netinet/ether.h>
 #include <netinet/icmp6.h>
 #include <netinet/ip.h>
 #include <netinet/ip6.h>
 #include <netinet/udp.h>
-#include <cutils/properties.h>
 
+#include <android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h>
+#include <cutils/properties.h>
+#include <utils/misc.h>
+#include <utils/Log.h>
+#include <nativehelper/JNIHelp.h>
+#include <nativehelper/ScopedLocalRef.h>
+
+#include "NetdClient.h"
 #include "core_jni_helpers.h"
+#include "jni.h"
 
 extern "C" {
 int ifc_enable(const char *ifname);
@@ -303,6 +304,15 @@
     jniSetFileDescriptorOfFD(env, javaFd, -1);
 }
 
+static jint android_net_utils_getDnsNetId(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz) {
+    int dnsNetId = getNetworkForDns();
+    if (dnsNetId < 0) {
+        throwErrnoException(env, "getDnsNetId", -dnsNetId);
+    }
+
+    return dnsNetId;
+}
+
 static jobject android_net_utils_getTcpRepairWindow(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jobject javaFd) {
     if (javaFd == NULL) {
         jniThrowNullPointerException(env, NULL);
@@ -359,6 +369,7 @@
     { "resNetworkQuery", "(ILjava/lang/String;III)Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;", (void*) android_net_utils_resNetworkQuery },
     { "resNetworkResult", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)Landroid/net/DnsResolver$DnsResponse;", (void*) android_net_utils_resNetworkResult },
     { "resNetworkCancel", "(Ljava/io/FileDescriptor;)V", (void*) android_net_utils_resNetworkCancel },
+    { "getDnsNetId", "()I", (void*) android_net_utils_getDnsNetId },
 };
 
 int register_android_net_NetworkUtils(JNIEnv* env)
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
index f12bfc3..45f7360 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityService.java
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_VPN;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.getNetworkTypeName;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.isNetworkTypeValid;
-import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_TEST_RESULT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY;
-import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_TEST_RESULT_VALID;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_FOREGROUND;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_INTERNET;
@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@
 import android.net.ISocketKeepaliveCallback;
 import android.net.ITetheringEventCallback;
 import android.net.InetAddresses;
+import android.net.IpMemoryStore;
 import android.net.IpPrefix;
 import android.net.LinkProperties;
 import android.net.LinkProperties.CompareResult;
@@ -2605,21 +2606,12 @@
                     final NetworkAgentInfo nai = getNetworkAgentInfoForNetId(msg.arg2);
                     if (nai == null) break;
 
-                    final boolean partialConnectivity =
-                            (msg.arg1 == NETWORK_TEST_RESULT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY)
-                                    || (nai.networkMisc.acceptPartialConnectivity
-                                            && nai.partialConnectivity);
-                    // Once a network is determined to have partial connectivity, it cannot
-                    // go back to full connectivity without a disconnect. This is because
-                    // NetworkMonitor can only communicate either PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY or VALID,
-                    // but not both.
-                    // TODO: Provide multi-testResult to improve the communication between
-                    // ConnectivityService and NetworkMonitor, so that ConnectivityService could
-                    // know the real status of network.
+                    final boolean wasPartial = nai.partialConnectivity;
+                    nai.partialConnectivity = ((msg.arg1 & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL) != 0);
                     final boolean partialConnectivityChanged =
-                            (partialConnectivity && !nai.partialConnectivity);
+                            (wasPartial != nai.partialConnectivity);
 
-                    final boolean valid = (msg.arg1 == NETWORK_TEST_RESULT_VALID);
+                    final boolean valid = ((msg.arg1 & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID) != 0);
                     final boolean wasValidated = nai.lastValidated;
                     final boolean wasDefault = isDefaultNetwork(nai);
                     if (nai.everCaptivePortalDetected && !nai.captivePortalLoginNotified
@@ -2649,21 +2641,23 @@
                         if (oldScore != nai.getCurrentScore()) sendUpdatedScoreToFactories(nai);
                         if (valid) {
                             handleFreshlyValidatedNetwork(nai);
-                            // Clear NO_INTERNET and LOST_INTERNET notifications if network becomes
-                            // valid.
+                            // Clear NO_INTERNET, PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY and LOST_INTERNET
+                            // notifications if network becomes valid.
                             mNotifier.clearNotification(nai.network.netId,
                                     NotificationType.NO_INTERNET);
                             mNotifier.clearNotification(nai.network.netId,
                                     NotificationType.LOST_INTERNET);
+                            mNotifier.clearNotification(nai.network.netId,
+                                    NotificationType.PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY);
                         }
                     } else if (partialConnectivityChanged) {
-                        nai.partialConnectivity = partialConnectivity;
                         updateCapabilities(nai.getCurrentScore(), nai, nai.networkCapabilities);
                     }
                     updateInetCondition(nai);
                     // Let the NetworkAgent know the state of its network
                     Bundle redirectUrlBundle = new Bundle();
                     redirectUrlBundle.putString(NetworkAgent.REDIRECT_URL_KEY, redirectUrl);
+                    // TODO: Evaluate to update partial connectivity to status to NetworkAgent.
                     nai.asyncChannel.sendMessage(
                             NetworkAgent.CMD_REPORT_NETWORK_STATUS,
                             (valid ? NetworkAgent.VALID_NETWORK : NetworkAgent.INVALID_NETWORK),
@@ -3443,6 +3437,9 @@
             // Inform NetworkMonitor that partial connectivity is acceptable. This will likely
             // result in a partial connectivity result which will be processed by
             // maybeHandleNetworkMonitorMessage.
+            //
+            // TODO: NetworkMonitor does not refer to the "never ask again" bit. The bit is stored
+            // per network. Therefore, NetworkMonitor may still do https probe.
             try {
                 nai.networkMonitor().setAcceptPartialConnectivity();
             } catch (RemoteException e) {
@@ -4366,7 +4363,7 @@
 
     /**
      * @return VPN information for accounting, or null if we can't retrieve all required
-     *         information, e.g primary underlying iface.
+     *         information, e.g underlying ifaces.
      */
     @Nullable
     private VpnInfo createVpnInfo(Vpn vpn) {
@@ -4378,17 +4375,24 @@
         // see VpnService.setUnderlyingNetworks()'s javadoc about how to interpret
         // the underlyingNetworks list.
         if (underlyingNetworks == null) {
-            NetworkAgentInfo defaultNetwork = getDefaultNetwork();
-            if (defaultNetwork != null && defaultNetwork.linkProperties != null) {
-                info.primaryUnderlyingIface = getDefaultNetwork().linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
-            }
-        } else if (underlyingNetworks.length > 0) {
-            LinkProperties linkProperties = getLinkProperties(underlyingNetworks[0]);
-            if (linkProperties != null) {
-                info.primaryUnderlyingIface = linkProperties.getInterfaceName();
+            NetworkAgentInfo defaultNai = getDefaultNetwork();
+            if (defaultNai != null) {
+                underlyingNetworks = new Network[] { defaultNai.network };
             }
         }
-        return info.primaryUnderlyingIface == null ? null : info;
+        if (underlyingNetworks != null && underlyingNetworks.length > 0) {
+            List<String> interfaces = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (Network network : underlyingNetworks) {
+                LinkProperties lp = getLinkProperties(network);
+                if (lp != null && !TextUtils.isEmpty(lp.getInterfaceName())) {
+                    interfaces.add(lp.getInterfaceName());
+                }
+            }
+            if (!interfaces.isEmpty()) {
+                info.underlyingIfaces = interfaces.toArray(new String[interfaces.size()]);
+            }
+        }
+        return info.underlyingIfaces == null ? null : info;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -6892,6 +6896,9 @@
 
         final int userId = UserHandle.getCallingUserId();
 
+        final IpMemoryStore ipMemoryStore = IpMemoryStore.getMemoryStore(mContext);
+        ipMemoryStore.factoryReset();
+
         // Turn airplane mode off
         setAirplaneMode(false);
 
diff --git a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
index d05369e..fbe2589 100644
--- a/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
+++ b/services/core/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitor.java
@@ -199,15 +199,13 @@
             ArraySet<String> perms = systemPermission.valueAt(i);
             int uid = systemPermission.keyAt(i);
             int netdPermission = 0;
-            // Get the uids of native services that have UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS permission.
+            // Get the uids of native services that have UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS or INTERNET permission.
             if (perms != null) {
                 netdPermission |= perms.contains(UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS)
                         ? INetd.PERMISSION_UPDATE_DEVICE_STATS : 0;
+                netdPermission |= perms.contains(INTERNET)
+                        ? INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET : 0;
             }
-            // For internet permission, the native services have their own selinux domains and
-            // sepolicy will control the socket creation during run time. netd cannot block the
-            // socket creation based on the permission information here.
-            netdPermission |= INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET;
             netdPermsUids.put(uid, netdPermsUids.get(uid) | netdPermission);
         }
         log("Users: " + mUsers.size() + ", Apps: " + mApps.size());
diff --git a/tests/net/Android.bp b/tests/net/Android.bp
index 1fbb658..306cc51 100644
--- a/tests/net/Android.bp
+++ b/tests/net/Android.bp
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@
         "libutilscallstack",
         "libziparchive",
         "libz",
-        "netd_aidl_interface-cpp",
+        "netd_aidl_interface-V2-cpp",
         "libnetworkstatsfactorytestjni",
     ],
 }
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/IpMemoryStoreTest.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/IpMemoryStoreTest.java
index 6e69b34..b81ca36 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/android/net/IpMemoryStoreTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/IpMemoryStoreTest.java
@@ -321,4 +321,11 @@
                 eq(TEST_OTHER_DATA_NAME), any());
         assertEquals(TEST_NETWORK_ATTRIBUTES, new NetworkAttributes(mNapCaptor.getValue()));
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testFactoryReset() throws RemoteException {
+        startIpMemoryStore(true /* supplyService */);
+        mStore.factoryReset();
+        verify(mMockService, times(1)).factoryReset();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java
index b5b0384..c16a0f4 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/NetworkStatsTest.java
@@ -569,7 +569,7 @@
             .addValues(underlyingIface, tunUid, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
                     DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L);
 
-        assertTrue(delta.toString(), delta.migrateTun(tunUid, tunIface, underlyingIface));
+        delta.migrateTun(tunUid, tunIface, new String[] {underlyingIface});
         assertEquals(20, delta.size());
 
         // tunIface and TEST_IFACE entries are not changed.
@@ -650,7 +650,7 @@
             .addValues(underlyingIface, tunUid, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
                     DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO,  75500L, 37L, 130000L, 70L, 0L);
 
-        assertTrue(delta.migrateTun(tunUid, tunIface, underlyingIface));
+        delta.migrateTun(tunUid, tunIface, new String[]{underlyingIface});
         assertEquals(9, delta.size());
 
         // tunIface entries should not be changed.
@@ -813,6 +813,37 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testFilterDebugEntries() {
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry1 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test1", 10100, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry2 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test2", 10101, SET_DBG_VPN_IN, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry3 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test2", 10101, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats.Entry entry4 = new NetworkStats.Entry(
+                "test2", 10101, SET_DBG_VPN_OUT, TAG_NONE, METERED_NO, ROAMING_NO,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_NO, 50000L, 25L, 100000L, 50L, 0L);
+
+        NetworkStats stats = new NetworkStats(TEST_START, 4)
+                .addValues(entry1)
+                .addValues(entry2)
+                .addValues(entry3)
+                .addValues(entry4);
+
+        stats.filterDebugEntries();
+
+        assertEquals(2, stats.size());
+        assertEquals(entry1, stats.getValues(0, null));
+        assertEquals(entry3, stats.getValues(1, null));
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testApply464xlatAdjustments() {
         final String v4Iface = "v4-wlan0";
         final String baseIface = "wlan0";
diff --git a/tests/net/java/android/net/util/DnsUtilsTest.java b/tests/net/java/android/net/util/DnsUtilsTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42e340b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/net/java/android/net/util/DnsUtilsTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package android.net.util;
+
+import static android.net.util.DnsUtils.IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL;
+import static android.net.util.DnsUtils.IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL;
+import static android.net.util.DnsUtils.IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_SITELOCAL;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+
+import android.annotation.NonNull;
+import android.annotation.Nullable;
+import android.net.InetAddresses;
+
+import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
+import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+
+import java.net.InetAddress;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
+@SmallTest
+public class DnsUtilsTest {
+    private InetAddress stringToAddress(@NonNull String addr) {
+        return InetAddresses.parseNumericAddress(addr);
+    }
+
+    private DnsUtils.SortableAddress makeSortableAddress(@NonNull String addr) {
+        return makeSortableAddress(addr, null);
+    }
+
+    private DnsUtils.SortableAddress makeSortableAddress(@NonNull String addr,
+            @Nullable String srcAddr) {
+        return new DnsUtils.SortableAddress(stringToAddress(addr),
+                srcAddr != null ? stringToAddress(srcAddr) : null);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRfc6724Comparator() {
+        final List<DnsUtils.SortableAddress> test = Arrays.asList(
+                makeSortableAddress("216.58.200.36"),             // Ipv4
+                makeSortableAddress("2404:6800:4008:801::2004"),  // global
+                makeSortableAddress("::1"),                       // loop back
+                makeSortableAddress("fe80::c46f:1cff:fe04:39b4"), // link local
+                makeSortableAddress("::ffff:192.168.95.3"),       // IPv4-mapped IPv6
+                makeSortableAddress("2001::47c1"),                // teredo tunneling
+                makeSortableAddress("::216.58.200.36"),           // IPv4-compatible
+                makeSortableAddress("3ffe::1234:5678"));          // 6bone
+
+        final List<InetAddress> expected = Arrays.asList(
+                stringToAddress("::1"),                       // loop back
+                stringToAddress("fe80::c46f:1cff:fe04:39b4"), // link local
+                stringToAddress("2404:6800:4008:801::2004"),  // global
+                stringToAddress("216.58.200.36"),             // Ipv4
+                stringToAddress("::ffff:192.168.95.3"),       // IPv4-mapped IPv6
+                stringToAddress("2001::47c1"),                // teredo tunneling
+                stringToAddress("::216.58.200.36"),            // IPv4-compatible
+                stringToAddress("3ffe::1234:5678"));          // 6bone
+
+        Collections.sort(test, new DnsUtils.Rfc6724Comparator());
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < test.size(); ++i) {
+            assertEquals(test.get(i).address, expected.get(i));
+        }
+
+        // TODO: add more combinations
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testV4SortableAddress() {
+        // Test V4 address
+        DnsUtils.SortableAddress test = makeSortableAddress("216.58.200.36");
+        assertEquals(test.hasSrcAddr, 0);
+        assertEquals(test.prefixMatchLen, 0);
+        assertEquals(test.address, stringToAddress("216.58.200.36"));
+        assertEquals(test.labelMatch, 0);
+        assertEquals(test.scopeMatch, 0);
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 4);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 35);
+
+        // Test V4 loopback address with the same source address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("127.1.2.3", "127.1.2.3");
+        assertEquals(test.hasSrcAddr, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.prefixMatchLen, 0);
+        assertEquals(test.address, stringToAddress("127.1.2.3"));
+        assertEquals(test.labelMatch, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.scopeMatch, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 4);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 35);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testV6SortableAddress() {
+        // Test global address
+        DnsUtils.SortableAddress test = makeSortableAddress("2404:6800:4008:801::2004");
+        assertEquals(test.address, stringToAddress("2404:6800:4008:801::2004"));
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 40);
+
+        // Test global address with global source address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("2404:6800:4008:801::2004",
+                "2401:fa00:fc:fd00:6d6c:7199:b8e7:41d6");
+        assertEquals(test.address, stringToAddress("2404:6800:4008:801::2004"));
+        assertEquals(test.hasSrcAddr, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.labelMatch, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.scopeMatch, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 40);
+        assertEquals(test.prefixMatchLen, 13);
+
+        // Test global address with linklocal source address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("2404:6800:4008:801::2004", "fe80::c46f:1cff:fe04:39b4");
+        assertEquals(test.hasSrcAddr, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.labelMatch, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.scopeMatch, 0);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 40);
+        assertEquals(test.prefixMatchLen, 0);
+
+        // Test loopback address with the same source address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("::1", "::1");
+        assertEquals(test.hasSrcAddr, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.prefixMatchLen, 16 * 8);
+        assertEquals(test.labelMatch, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.scopeMatch, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 0);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 50);
+
+        // Test linklocal address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("fe80::c46f:1cff:fe04:39b4");
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 40);
+
+        // Test linklocal address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("fe80::");
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_LINKLOCAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 1);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 40);
+
+        // Test 6to4 address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("2002:c000:0204::");
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 2);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 30);
+
+        // Test unique local address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("fc00::c000:13ab");
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 13);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 3);
+
+        // Test teredo tunneling address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("2001::47c1");
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 5);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 5);
+
+        // Test IPv4-compatible addresses
+        test = makeSortableAddress("::216.58.200.36");
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 3);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 1);
+
+        // Test site-local address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("fec0::cafe:3ab2");
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_SITELOCAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 11);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 1);
+
+        // Test 6bone address
+        test = makeSortableAddress("3ffe::1234:5678");
+        assertEquals(test.scope, IPV6_ADDR_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
+        assertEquals(test.label, 12);
+        assertEquals(test.precedence, 1);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
index b0cc207..8c024a5 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/ConnectivityServiceTest.java
@@ -30,9 +30,12 @@
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_NONE;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_VPN;
 import static android.net.ConnectivityManager.TYPE_WIFI;
-import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_TEST_RESULT_INVALID;
-import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_TEST_RESULT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY;
-import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_TEST_RESULT_VALID;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_DNS;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_FALLBACK;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTP;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTPS;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL;
+import static android.net.INetworkMonitor.NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_CBS;
 import static android.net.NetworkCapabilities.NET_CAPABILITY_DUN;
@@ -443,6 +446,16 @@
     }
 
     private class MockNetworkAgent {
+        private static final int VALIDATION_RESULT_BASE = NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_DNS
+                | NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTP
+                | NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_HTTPS;
+        private static final int VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID = VALIDATION_RESULT_BASE
+                | NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
+        private static final int VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL = VALIDATION_RESULT_BASE
+                | NETWORK_VALIDATION_PROBE_FALLBACK
+                | NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL;
+        private static final int VALIDATION_RESULT_INVALID = 0;
+
         private final INetworkMonitor mNetworkMonitor;
         private final NetworkInfo mNetworkInfo;
         private final NetworkCapabilities mNetworkCapabilities;
@@ -460,17 +473,17 @@
         private String mRedirectUrl;
 
         private INetworkMonitorCallbacks mNmCallbacks;
-        private int mNmValidationResult = NETWORK_TEST_RESULT_INVALID;
+        private int mNmValidationResult = VALIDATION_RESULT_BASE;
         private String mNmValidationRedirectUrl = null;
         private boolean mNmProvNotificationRequested = false;
 
         void setNetworkValid() {
-            mNmValidationResult = NETWORK_TEST_RESULT_VALID;
+            mNmValidationResult = VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
             mNmValidationRedirectUrl = null;
         }
 
         void setNetworkInvalid() {
-            mNmValidationResult = NETWORK_TEST_RESULT_INVALID;
+            mNmValidationResult = VALIDATION_RESULT_INVALID;
             mNmValidationRedirectUrl = null;
         }
 
@@ -480,7 +493,12 @@
         }
 
         void setNetworkPartial() {
-            mNmValidationResult = NETWORK_TEST_RESULT_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY;
+            mNmValidationResult = VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL;
+            mNmValidationRedirectUrl = null;
+        }
+
+        void setNetworkPartialValid() {
+            mNmValidationResult = VALIDATION_RESULT_PARTIAL | VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID;
             mNmValidationRedirectUrl = null;
         }
 
@@ -597,7 +615,7 @@
         private void onValidationRequested() {
             try {
                 if (mNmProvNotificationRequested
-                        && mNmValidationResult == NETWORK_TEST_RESULT_VALID) {
+                        && ((mNmValidationResult & NETWORK_VALIDATION_RESULT_VALID) != 0)) {
                     mNmCallbacks.hideProvisioningNotification();
                     mNmProvNotificationRequested = false;
                 }
@@ -2651,7 +2669,7 @@
 
         // With HTTPS probe disabled, NetworkMonitor should pass the network validation with http
         // probe.
-        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkValid();
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkPartialValid();
         // If the user chooses yes to use this partial connectivity wifi, switch the default
         // network to wifi and check if wifi becomes valid or not.
         mCm.setAcceptPartialConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true /* accept */,
@@ -2749,6 +2767,55 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void testCaptivePortalOnPartialConnectivity() throws RemoteException {
+        final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest captivePortalRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(captivePortalRequest, captivePortalCallback);
+
+        final TestNetworkCallback validatedCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
+        final NetworkRequest validatedRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
+                .addCapability(NET_CAPABILITY_VALIDATED).build();
+        mCm.registerNetworkCallback(validatedRequest, validatedCallback);
+
+        // Bring up a network with a captive portal.
+        // Expect onAvailable callback of listen for NET_CAPABILITY_CAPTIVE_PORTAL.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent = new MockNetworkAgent(TRANSPORT_WIFI);
+        String redirectUrl = "http://android.com/path";
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.connectWithCaptivePortal(redirectUrl);
+        captivePortalCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksUnvalidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        assertEquals(mWiFiNetworkAgent.waitForRedirectUrl(), redirectUrl);
+
+        // Check that startCaptivePortalApp sends the expected command to NetworkMonitor.
+        mCm.startCaptivePortalApp(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork());
+        verify(mWiFiNetworkAgent.mNetworkMonitor, timeout(TIMEOUT_MS).times(1))
+                .launchCaptivePortalApp();
+
+        // Report that the captive portal is dismissed with partial connectivity, and check that
+        // callbacks are fired.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkPartial();
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true);
+        waitForIdle();
+        captivePortalCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        // Report partial connectivity is accepted.
+        mWiFiNetworkAgent.setNetworkPartialValid();
+        mCm.setAcceptPartialConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true /* accept */,
+                false /* always */);
+        waitForIdle();
+        mCm.reportNetworkConnectivity(mWiFiNetworkAgent.getNetwork(), true);
+        captivePortalCallback.expectCallback(CallbackState.LOST, mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        validatedCallback.expectAvailableCallbacksValidated(mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+        NetworkCapabilities nc =
+                validatedCallback.expectCapabilitiesWith(NET_CAPABILITY_PARTIAL_CONNECTIVITY,
+                mWiFiNetworkAgent);
+
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(captivePortalCallback);
+        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(validatedCallback);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testCaptivePortal() {
         final TestNetworkCallback captivePortalCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
         final NetworkRequest captivePortalRequest = new NetworkRequest.Builder()
@@ -3816,11 +3883,20 @@
         networkCallback.assertNoCallback();
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testUnfulfillableNetworkRequest() throws Exception {
+        runUnfulfillableNetworkRequest(false);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testUnfulfillableNetworkRequestAfterUnregister() throws Exception {
+        runUnfulfillableNetworkRequest(true);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Validate the callback flow for a factory releasing a request as unfulfillable.
      */
-    @Test
-    public void testUnfulfillableNetworkRequest() throws Exception {
+    private void runUnfulfillableNetworkRequest(boolean preUnregister) throws Exception {
         NetworkRequest nr = new NetworkRequest.Builder().addTransportType(
                 NetworkCapabilities.TRANSPORT_WIFI).build();
         final TestNetworkCallback networkCallback = new TestNetworkCallback();
@@ -3855,14 +3931,25 @@
             }
         }
 
-        // Simulate the factory releasing the request as unfulfillable and expect onUnavailable!
         testFactory.expectRemoveRequests(1);
-        testFactory.triggerUnfulfillable(requests.get(newRequestId));
-        networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackState.UNAVAILABLE, null);
-        testFactory.waitForRequests();
+        if (preUnregister) {
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
 
-        // unregister network callback - a no-op, but should not fail
-        mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+            // Simulate the factory releasing the request as unfulfillable: no-op since
+            // the callback has already been unregistered (but a test that no exceptions are
+            // thrown).
+            testFactory.triggerUnfulfillable(requests.get(newRequestId));
+        } else {
+            // Simulate the factory releasing the request as unfulfillable and expect onUnavailable!
+            testFactory.triggerUnfulfillable(requests.get(newRequestId));
+
+            networkCallback.expectCallback(CallbackState.UNAVAILABLE, null);
+            testFactory.waitForRequests();
+
+            // unregister network callback - a no-op (since already freed by the
+            // on-unavailable), but should not fail or throw exceptions.
+            mCm.unregisterNetworkCallback(networkCallback);
+        }
 
         testFactory.unregister();
         handlerThread.quit();
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
index df1f57f..cd2bd26 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/connectivity/PermissionMonitorTest.java
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@
 import android.os.UserManager;
 import android.util.SparseIntArray;
 
+import androidx.test.InstrumentationRegistry;
 import androidx.test.filters.SmallTest;
 import androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnit4;
 
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@
     private static final int SYSTEM_UID1 = 1000;
     private static final int SYSTEM_UID2 = 1008;
     private static final int VPN_UID = 10002;
+    private static final String REAL_SYSTEM_PACKAGE_NAME = "android";
     private static final String MOCK_PACKAGE1 = "appName1";
     private static final String MOCK_PACKAGE2 = "appName2";
     private static final String SYSTEM_PACKAGE1 = "sysName1";
@@ -188,8 +190,10 @@
     private static PackageInfo buildPackageInfo(boolean hasSystemPermission, int uid, int userId) {
         final PackageInfo pkgInfo;
         if (hasSystemPermission) {
-            pkgInfo = packageInfoWithPermissions(new String[] {CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, NETWORK_STACK},
-                    PARTITION_SYSTEM);
+            final String[] systemPermissions = new String[]{
+                    CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE, NETWORK_STACK, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS
+            };
+            pkgInfo = packageInfoWithPermissions(systemPermissions, PARTITION_SYSTEM);
         } else {
             pkgInfo = packageInfoWithPermissions(new String[] {}, "");
         }
@@ -646,4 +650,16 @@
         mObserver.onPackageRemoved(MOCK_PACKAGE1, MOCK_UID1);
         mNetdServiceMonitor.expectPermission(INetd.PERMISSION_INTERNET, new int[]{MOCK_UID1});
     }
+
+    @Test
+    public void testRealSystemPermission() throws Exception {
+        // Use the real context as this test must ensure the *real* system package holds the
+        // necessary permission.
+        final Context realContext = InstrumentationRegistry.getContext();
+        final PermissionMonitor monitor = new PermissionMonitor(realContext, mNetdService);
+        final PackageManager manager = realContext.getPackageManager();
+        final PackageInfo systemInfo = manager.getPackageInfo(REAL_SYSTEM_PACKAGE_NAME,
+                GET_PERMISSIONS | MATCH_ANY_USER);
+        assertTrue(monitor.hasPermission(systemInfo, CONNECTIVITY_USE_RESTRICTED_NETWORKS));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
index bce526d..d9f2c20 100644
--- a/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
+++ b/tests/net/java/com/android/server/net/NetworkStatsServiceTest.java
@@ -57,11 +57,11 @@
 
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
 import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyLong;
-import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.argThat;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
@@ -216,11 +216,16 @@
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectSystemReady();
 
+        assertNull(mService.getTunAdjustedStats());
         mService.systemReady();
+        // Verify that system ready fetches realtime stats and initializes tun adjusted stats.
+        verify(mNetManager).getNetworkStatsUidDetail(UID_ALL, INTERFACES_ALL);
+        assertNotNull("failed to initialize TUN adjusted stats", mService.getTunAdjustedStats());
+        assertEquals(0, mService.getTunAdjustedStats().size());
+
         mSession = mService.openSession();
         assertNotNull("openSession() failed", mSession);
 
-
         // catch INetworkManagementEventObserver during systemReady()
         ArgumentCaptor<INetworkManagementEventObserver> networkObserver =
               ArgumentCaptor.forClass(INetworkManagementEventObserver.class);
@@ -733,11 +738,13 @@
 
         NetworkStats stats = mService.getDetailedUidStats(ifaceFilter);
 
-        verify(mNetManager, times(1)).getNetworkStatsUidDetail(eq(UID_ALL), argThat(ifaces ->
-                ifaces != null && ifaces.length == 2
-                        && ArrayUtils.contains(ifaces, TEST_IFACE)
-                        && ArrayUtils.contains(ifaces, stackedIface)));
-
+        // mNetManager#getNetworkStatsUidDetail(UID_ALL, INTERFACES_ALL) has following invocations:
+        // 1) NetworkStatsService#systemReady from #setUp.
+        // 2) mService#forceUpdateIfaces in the test above.
+        // 3) Finally, mService#getDetailedUidStats.
+        verify(mNetManager, times(3)).getNetworkStatsUidDetail(UID_ALL, INTERFACES_ALL);
+        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(stats.getUniqueIfaces(), TEST_IFACE));
+        assertTrue(ArrayUtils.contains(stats.getUniqueIfaces(), stackedIface));
         assertEquals(2, stats.size());
         assertEquals(uidStats, stats.getValues(0, null));
         assertEquals(tetheredStats1, stats.getValues(1, null));
@@ -923,11 +930,11 @@
     }
 
     @Test
-    public void vpnWithOneUnderlyingIface() throws Exception {
+    public void vpnRewriteTrafficThroughItself() throws Exception {
         // WiFi network is connected and VPN is using WiFi (which has TEST_IFACE).
         expectDefaultSettings();
         NetworkState[] networkStates = new NetworkState[] {buildWifiState(), buildVpnState()};
-        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(TEST_IFACE)};
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
@@ -938,23 +945,133 @@
                 getActiveIface(networkStates));
         // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
         // overhead per packet):
-        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent/received by UID_RED over VPN.
-        // 500 bytes (50 packets) were sent/received by UID_BLUE over VPN.
-        // VPN sent/received 1650 bytes (150 packets) over WiFi.
-        // Of 1650 bytes over WiFi, expect 1000 bytes attributed to UID_RED, 500 bytes attributed to
-        // UID_BLUE, and 150 bytes attributed to UID_VPN for both rx/tx traffic.
+        //
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent, and 2000 bytes (200 packets) were received by UID_RED
+        // over VPN.
+        // 500 bytes (50 packets) were sent, and 1000 bytes (100 packets) were received by UID_BLUE
+        // over VPN.
+        //
+        // VPN UID rewrites packets read from TUN back to TUN, plus some of its own traffic
+        // (100 bytes).
         incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
-        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 3)
-                .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 1000L, 100L, 1L)
-                .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 500L, 50L, 500L, 50L, 1L)
-                .addValues(
-                    TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1650L, 150L, 1650L, 150L, 2L));
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 5)
+                .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 2000L, 200L, 1000L, 100L, 1L)
+                .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 500L, 50L, 1L)
+                // VPN rewrites all the packets read from TUN + 100 additional bytes of VPN's
+                // own traffic.
+                .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 0L, 0L, 1600L, 160L, 2L)
+                // VPN sent 1760 bytes over WiFi in foreground (SET_FOREGROUND) i.e. 1600
+                // bytes (160 packets) + 1 byte/packet overhead (=160 bytes).
+                .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, 0L, 0L, 1760L, 176L, 1L)
+                // VPN received 3300 bytes over WiFi in background (SET_DEFAULT) i.e. 3000 bytes
+                // (300 packets) + 1 byte/packet encryption overhead (=300 bytes).
+                .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 3300L, 300L, 0L, 0L, 1L));
 
         forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
 
-        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 1000L, 100L, 1000L, 100L, 1);
-        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_BLUE, 500L, 50L, 500L, 50L, 1);
-        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_VPN, 150L, 0L, 150L, 0L, 2);
+        // Verify increased TUN usage by UID_VPN does not get attributed to other apps.
+        NetworkStats tunStats =
+                mService.getDetailedUidStats(new String[] {TUN_IFACE});
+        assertValues(
+                tunStats, TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 2000L, 200L, 1000L, 100L, 1);
+        assertValues(
+                tunStats, TUN_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 1000L, 100L, 500L, 50L, 1);
+        assertValues(
+                tunStats, TUN_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 0L, 0L, 1600L, 160L, 2);
+
+        // Verify correct attribution over WiFi.
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 2000L, 200L, 1000L, 100L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_BLUE, 1000L, 100L, 500L, 50L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_VPN, 300L, 0L, 260L, 26L, 2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void vpnWithOneUnderlyingIface() throws Exception {
+        // WiFi network is connected and VPN is using WiFi (which has TEST_IFACE).
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkState[] networkStates = new NetworkState[] {buildWifiState(), buildVpnState()};
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectBandwidthControlCheck();
+
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(
+                new Network[] {WIFI_NETWORK, VPN_NETWORK},
+                vpnInfos,
+                networkStates,
+                getActiveIface(networkStates));
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent, and 2000 bytes (200 packets) were received by UID_RED
+        // over VPN.
+        // 500 bytes (50 packets) were sent, and 1000 bytes (100 packets) were received by UID_BLUE
+        // over VPN.
+        // VPN sent 1650 bytes (150 packets), and received 3300 (300 packets) over WiFi.
+        // Of 1650 bytes sent over WiFi, expect 1000 bytes attributed to UID_RED, 500 bytes
+        // attributed to UID_BLUE, and 150 bytes attributed to UID_VPN.
+        // Of 3300 bytes received over WiFi, expect 2000 bytes attributed to UID_RED, 1000 bytes
+        // attributed to UID_BLUE, and 300 bytes attributed to UID_VPN.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 3)
+                .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 2000L, 200L, 1000L, 100L, 1L)
+                .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 500L, 50L, 1L)
+                // VPN received 3300 bytes over WiFi in background (SET_DEFAULT).
+                .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 3300L, 300L, 0L, 0L, 1L)
+                // VPN sent 1650 bytes over WiFi in foreground (SET_FOREGROUND).
+                .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, 0L, 0L, 1650L, 150L, 1L));
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 2000L, 200L, 1000L, 100L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_BLUE, 1000L, 100L, 500L, 50L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_VPN, 300L, 0L, 150L, 0L, 2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void vpnWithOneUnderlyingIfaceAndOwnTraffic() throws Exception {
+        // WiFi network is connected and VPN is using WiFi (which has TEST_IFACE).
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkState[] networkStates = new NetworkState[] {buildWifiState(), buildVpnState()};
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectBandwidthControlCheck();
+
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(
+                new Network[] {WIFI_NETWORK, VPN_NETWORK},
+                vpnInfos,
+                networkStates,
+                getActiveIface(networkStates));
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent, and 2000 bytes (200 packets) were received by UID_RED
+        // over VPN.
+        // 500 bytes (50 packets) were sent, and 1000 bytes (100 packets) were received by UID_BLUE
+        // over VPN.
+        // Additionally, the VPN sends 6000 bytes (600 packets) of its own traffic into the tun
+        // interface (passing that traffic to the VPN endpoint), and receives 5000 bytes (500
+        // packets) from it. Including overhead that is 6600/5500 bytes.
+        // VPN sent 8250 bytes (750 packets), and received 8800 (800 packets) over WiFi.
+        // Of 8250 bytes sent over WiFi, expect 1000 bytes attributed to UID_RED, 500 bytes
+        // attributed to UID_BLUE, and 6750 bytes attributed to UID_VPN.
+        // Of 8800 bytes received over WiFi, expect 2000 bytes attributed to UID_RED, 1000 bytes
+        // attributed to UID_BLUE, and 5800 bytes attributed to UID_VPN.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 3)
+                .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 2000L, 200L, 1000L, 100L, 1L)
+                .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 500L, 50L, 1L)
+                .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 5000L, 500L, 6000L, 600L, 1L)
+                // VPN received 8800 bytes over WiFi in background (SET_DEFAULT).
+                .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 8800L, 800L, 0L, 0L, 1L)
+                // VPN sent 8250 bytes over WiFi in foreground (SET_FOREGROUND).
+                .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_FOREGROUND, TAG_NONE, 0L, 0L, 8250L, 750L, 1L));
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 2000L, 200L, 1000L, 100L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_BLUE, 1000L, 100L, 500L, 50L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_VPN, 5800L, 500L, 6750L, 600L, 2);
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -962,7 +1079,7 @@
         // WiFi network is connected and VPN is using WiFi (which has TEST_IFACE).
         expectDefaultSettings();
         NetworkState[] networkStates = new NetworkState[] {buildWifiState(), buildVpnState()};
-        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(TEST_IFACE)};
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
@@ -993,6 +1110,136 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void vpnWithTwoUnderlyingIfaces_packetDuplication() throws Exception {
+        // WiFi and Cell networks are connected and VPN is using WiFi (which has TEST_IFACE) and
+        // Cell (which has TEST_IFACE2) and has declared both of them in its underlying network set.
+        // Additionally, VPN is duplicating traffic across both WiFi and Cell.
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkState[] networkStates =
+                new NetworkState[] {
+                    buildWifiState(), buildMobile4gState(TEST_IFACE2), buildVpnState()
+                };
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE, TEST_IFACE2})};
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectBandwidthControlCheck();
+
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(
+                new Network[] {WIFI_NETWORK, VPN_NETWORK},
+                vpnInfos,
+                networkStates,
+                getActiveIface(networkStates));
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent/received by UID_RED and UID_BLUE over VPN.
+        // VPN sent/received 4400 bytes (400 packets) over both WiFi and Cell (8800 bytes in total).
+        // Of 8800 bytes over WiFi/Cell, expect:
+        // - 500 bytes rx/tx each over WiFi/Cell attributed to both UID_RED and UID_BLUE.
+        // - 1200 bytes rx/tx each over WiFi/Cell for VPN_UID.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 4)
+                .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 1000L, 100L, 2L)
+                .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_BLUE, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 1000L, 100L, 2L)
+                .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 2200L, 200L, 2200L, 200L, 2L)
+                .addValues(
+                    TEST_IFACE2, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 2200L, 200L, 2200L, 200L, 2L));
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 500L, 50L, 500L, 50L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_BLUE, 500L, 50L, 500L, 50L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_VPN, 1200L, 100L, 1200L, 100L, 2);
+
+        assertUidTotal(buildTemplateMobileWildcard(), UID_RED, 500L, 50L, 500L, 50L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(buildTemplateMobileWildcard(), UID_BLUE, 500L, 50L, 500L, 50L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(buildTemplateMobileWildcard(), UID_VPN, 1200L, 100L, 1200L, 100L, 2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void vpnWithTwoUnderlyingIfaces_splitTraffic() throws Exception {
+        // WiFi and Cell networks are connected and VPN is using WiFi (which has TEST_IFACE) and
+        // Cell (which has TEST_IFACE2) and has declared both of them in its underlying network set.
+        // Additionally, VPN is arbitrarily splitting traffic across WiFi and Cell.
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkState[] networkStates =
+                new NetworkState[] {
+                    buildWifiState(), buildMobile4gState(TEST_IFACE2), buildVpnState()
+                };
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE, TEST_IFACE2})};
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectBandwidthControlCheck();
+
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(
+                new Network[] {WIFI_NETWORK, VPN_NETWORK},
+                vpnInfos,
+                networkStates,
+                getActiveIface(networkStates));
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent, and 500 bytes (50 packets) received by UID_RED over
+        // VPN.
+        // VPN sent 660 bytes (60 packets) over WiFi and 440 bytes (40 packets) over Cell.
+        // And, it received 330 bytes (30 packets) over WiFi and 220 bytes (20 packets) over Cell.
+        // For UID_RED, expect 600 bytes attributed over WiFi and 400 bytes over Cell for sent (tx)
+        // traffic. For received (rx) traffic, expect 300 bytes over WiFi and 200 bytes over Cell.
+        //
+        // For UID_VPN, expect 60 bytes attributed over WiFi and 40 bytes over Cell for tx traffic.
+        // And, 30 bytes over WiFi and 20 bytes over Cell for rx traffic.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 3)
+              .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 500L, 50L, 1000L, 100L, 2L)
+              .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 330L, 30L, 660L, 60L, 1L)
+              .addValues(TEST_IFACE2, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 220L, 20L, 440L, 40L, 1L));
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 300L, 30L, 600L, 60L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_VPN, 30L, 0L, 60L, 0L, 1);
+
+        assertUidTotal(buildTemplateMobileWildcard(), UID_RED, 200L, 20L, 400L, 40L, 1);
+        assertUidTotal(buildTemplateMobileWildcard(), UID_VPN, 20L, 0L, 40L, 0L, 1);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void vpnWithTwoUnderlyingIfaces_splitTrafficWithCompression() throws Exception {
+        // WiFi and Cell networks are connected and VPN is using WiFi (which has TEST_IFACE) and
+        // Cell (which has TEST_IFACE2) and has declared both of them in its underlying network set.
+        // Additionally, VPN is arbitrarily splitting compressed traffic across WiFi and Cell.
+        expectDefaultSettings();
+        NetworkState[] networkStates =
+                new NetworkState[] {
+                    buildWifiState(), buildMobile4gState(TEST_IFACE2), buildVpnState()
+                };
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE, TEST_IFACE2})};
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
+        expectBandwidthControlCheck();
+
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(
+                new Network[] {WIFI_NETWORK, VPN_NETWORK},
+                vpnInfos,
+                networkStates,
+                getActiveIface(networkStates));
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface:
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were sent/received by UID_RED over VPN.
+        // VPN sent/received 600 bytes (60 packets) over WiFi and 200 bytes (20 packets) over Cell.
+        // For UID_RED, expect 600 bytes attributed over WiFi and 200 bytes over Cell for both
+        // rx/tx.
+        // UID_VPN gets nothing attributed to it (avoiding negative stats).
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 4)
+              .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 1000L, 100L, 1L)
+              .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 600L, 60L, 600L, 60L, 0L)
+              .addValues(TEST_IFACE2, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 200L, 20L, 200L, 20L, 0L));
+
+        forcePollAndWaitForIdle();
+
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_RED, 600L, 60L, 600L, 60L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(sTemplateWifi, UID_VPN, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+
+        assertUidTotal(buildTemplateMobileWildcard(), UID_RED, 200L, 20L, 200L, 20L, 0);
+        assertUidTotal(buildTemplateMobileWildcard(), UID_VPN, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void vpnWithIncorrectUnderlyingIface() throws Exception {
         // WiFi and Cell networks are connected and VPN is using Cell (which has TEST_IFACE2),
         // but has declared only WiFi (TEST_IFACE) in its underlying network set.
@@ -1001,7 +1248,7 @@
                 new NetworkState[] {
                     buildWifiState(), buildMobile4gState(TEST_IFACE2), buildVpnState()
                 };
-        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(TEST_IFACE)};
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
         expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(buildEmptyStats());
         expectBandwidthControlCheck();
 
@@ -1030,6 +1277,134 @@
     }
 
     @Test
+    public void recordSnapshot_migratesTunTrafficAndUpdatesTunAdjustedStats() throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(0, mService.getTunAdjustedStats().size());
+        // VPN using WiFi (TEST_IFACE).
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
+        expectBandwidthControlCheck();
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were downloaded by UID_RED over VPN.
+        // VPN received 1100 bytes (100 packets) over WiFi.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 2)
+              .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+              .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1100L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L));
+
+        // this should lead to NSS#recordSnapshotLocked
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(
+                new Network[0], vpnInfos, new NetworkState[0], null /* activeIface */);
+
+        // Verify TUN adjusted stats have traffic migrated correctly.
+        // Of 1100 bytes VPN received over WiFi, expect 1000 bytes attributed to UID_RED and 100
+        // bytes attributed to UID_VPN.
+        NetworkStats tunAdjStats = mService.getTunAdjustedStats();
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 1000L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getDetailedUidStats_migratesTunTrafficAndUpdatesTunAdjustedStats()
+            throws Exception {
+        assertEquals(0, mService.getTunAdjustedStats().size());
+        // VPN using WiFi (TEST_IFACE).
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
+        expectBandwidthControlCheck();
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(
+                new Network[0], vpnInfos, new NetworkState[0], null /* activeIface */);
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were downloaded by UID_RED over VPN.
+        // VPN received 1100 bytes (100 packets) over WiFi.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 2)
+              .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+              .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1100L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L));
+
+        mService.getDetailedUidStats(INTERFACES_ALL);
+
+        // Verify internally maintained TUN adjusted stats
+        NetworkStats tunAdjStats = mService.getTunAdjustedStats();
+        // Verify stats for TEST_IFACE (WiFi):
+        // Of 1100 bytes VPN received over WiFi, expect 1000 bytes attributed to UID_RED and 100
+        // bytes attributed to UID_VPN.
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 1000L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        // Verify stats for TUN_IFACE; only UID_RED should have usage on it.
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 1000L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TUN_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+
+        // lets assume that since last time, VPN received another 1100 bytes (same assumptions as
+        // before i.e. UID_RED downloaded another 1000 bytes).
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        // Note - NetworkStatsFactory returns counters that are monotonically increasing.
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 2)
+              .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 2000L, 200L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+              .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 2200L, 200L, 0L, 0L, 0L));
+
+        mService.getDetailedUidStats(INTERFACES_ALL);
+
+        tunAdjStats = mService.getTunAdjustedStats();
+        // verify TEST_IFACE stats:
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 2000L, 200L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 200L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        // verify TUN_IFACE stats:
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 2000L, 200L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertValues(
+                tunAdjStats, TUN_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void getDetailedUidStats_returnsCorrectStatsWithVpnRunning() throws Exception {
+        // VPN using WiFi (TEST_IFACE).
+        VpnInfo[] vpnInfos = new VpnInfo[] {createVpnInfo(new String[] {TEST_IFACE})};
+        expectBandwidthControlCheck();
+        mService.forceUpdateIfaces(
+                new Network[0], vpnInfos, new NetworkState[0], null /* activeIface */);
+        // create some traffic (assume 10 bytes of MTU for VPN interface and 1 byte encryption
+        // overhead per packet):
+        // 1000 bytes (100 packets) were downloaded by UID_RED over VPN.
+        // VPN received 1100 bytes (100 packets) over WiFi.
+        incrementCurrentTime(HOUR_IN_MILLIS);
+        expectNetworkStatsUidDetail(new NetworkStats(getElapsedRealtime(), 2)
+              .addValues(TUN_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1000L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L)
+              .addValues(TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_DEFAULT, TAG_NONE, 1100L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L));
+
+        // Query realtime stats for TEST_IFACE.
+        NetworkStats queriedStats =
+                mService.getDetailedUidStats(new String[] {TEST_IFACE});
+
+        assertEquals(HOUR_IN_MILLIS, queriedStats.getElapsedRealtime());
+        // verify that returned stats are only for TEST_IFACE and VPN traffic is migrated correctly.
+        assertEquals(new String[] {TEST_IFACE}, queriedStats.getUniqueIfaces());
+        assertValues(
+                queriedStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_RED, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 1000L, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+        assertValues(
+                queriedStats, TEST_IFACE, UID_VPN, SET_ALL, TAG_NONE, METERED_ALL, ROAMING_ALL,
+                DEFAULT_NETWORK_ALL, 100L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0);
+    }
+
+    @Test
     public void testRegisterUsageCallback() throws Exception {
         // pretend that wifi network comes online; service should ask about full
         // network state, and poll any existing interfaces before updating.
@@ -1382,11 +1757,11 @@
         return new NetworkState(info, prop, new NetworkCapabilities(), VPN_NETWORK, null, null);
     }
 
-    private static VpnInfo createVpnInfo(String underlyingIface) {
+    private static VpnInfo createVpnInfo(String[] underlyingIfaces) {
         VpnInfo info = new VpnInfo();
         info.ownerUid = UID_VPN;
         info.vpnIface = TUN_IFACE;
-        info.primaryUnderlyingIface = underlyingIface;
+        info.underlyingIfaces = underlyingIfaces;
         return info;
     }